The Missionary Review of the World — March 1925

SPEAKERS AT THE WASHINGTON

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<Department "l{o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33rd and 34th Sts., New York Woman's Board of Foreign Missions IlEFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA OUR NEEDS FOR THE REGUL,4.R WORK OF TIlE YEAR, $167,280.00 ANNUITY BONDS of $500 and over provide a reasonable income for the donor during her life time.

ADVANTAGES A re~lar income guaranteed, not subject to market variations. Freedom from anxiety, and trouble about re-investing. Assurance that the principal will not be diverted, but will be used according to the wishes of the annuitant for carrying the Gospel to foreign lands, and without deductio:Is for inheritance taxes. Rates of interest sent upon application to the Woman's Board.

FIFTY YEARS IN FOREIGN FIELDS By Mrs. William L Chamberlain 320 Page$ .,.,ith 4 map. and numerous iiiUJtration.. Fine Art Binding, .ke 6Y.x9Y., $2.00, po.tage lOc extra A History of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America covering-five decades. It is a book as attractive as any romance of fiction. From a literary and religious standpoint it is better than a thousand arguments or appeals as a justification of Christian Missions.

Make check or money order payable to WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 25 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY the progre8s made during the Zast Page REVIEW OF THE WORLD quarter oentury 111 the purpo8e and 'Plan of home m,i88ionary work. DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Edttor MODERN CHRISTIANITY IN MEXICO •• Contents for March, 1925 · •..•••.•.• W. REGINALD WHEELER 208 Page FRONTISPIECE ••.••……..••……. Facts in regard to the l1resent situation in l}IcrieD and the progress of evan- MISSIONARY SPEAKERS AT y.,,7ASHINGTON gelical missions. EDITORIALS ………••………•…• DONALD FRASER OF LIVINGSTONIA ..

THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION. • •••••••.••..•• W. P. LIVINGSTONE 211 CO-OPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS. ANTI-CHRISTIAN AGITATION IN CHINA. A bio.Qraphica:t sketch, 01 the outstand– TOI,ERA.'TION TRIUMPHS IN GREECE. in.q missionary oj the present day in CHRIST. THE MISSIONARY MOTIVE … British CentraZ Africa. ..•………… E, STANLEY JONES 175 THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE MISSION- The sten,agraphic report of the mas- terly ana moving address a:t the Wash,- ARY MESSAGE '" JULIUS RICHTER 218 ington Foreign Missions Convention by WHEN I VISITED THE LEPERS …… . one who has been for seventeen years a m..issionary -in India. · ………….. W. E. BIEDERWOLF 222 THE PASTOR 'AND THE MISSIONARY BEST METHODS …………•……… • • . . • . EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 225 MOVEMENT ……. HUGH T. KERR 181 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLE- Another stirrinQ address aiven at the TINS ……… . ………… 232 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ….. _. . . .. 238 Washin.Qton Convention by a 'Pastor 1'HE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …. _ 253 who has made his church a vital jorce TERMS.-$2.50 a year. (~2.00 In clubs of itn the 'Promotion. of the missionary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single caple., camvpai,Qn. 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, IMPRESSIONS OF THE WASHINGTON 1925. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. CONVENTION …………….. . JULIUS RICHTER, J. P. MCCALLIE, THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING MINOT C. MORGAN, J. J. CORNELIUS 185 COMPANY, Inc. Yiew8 01 the ConVention by delegates from India, Germany and the United ROBERT E. SPEER, President State'. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, V&c8-Presiaent MEN OF THE G. S. NAVY AT SAN DIEGO DELAVAN L. PIERSQ'N, Secreta.ry .••••…•.••… FLOY T. BARKMAN" 196 WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer THE NEW CONCEPTION OF HOME MIS- Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ,Pa. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year SIONS . . . . . . . . . . . JOHN M. MOORE 201 Editorial and Buslnes. Omce. 166 Fifth AveDue, A stirwulatin.q address delivered at the Home Missions Conference, showin.q New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post ~~~~. Harrisburg. Pa., under Act of March B, "Most Stimulating and Helpful"

Wben that great Christian "I find it most stimulat- statesman, head {If the ing and helpfUl to turn International Y. M. C. A., to the use of this version described by The 0 d 0 r e (the American Standard Roosevelt as "the world's Bible), having used other most usefUl Citizen," John versious all the rest of R. Mott, speaks, the whole my life." world listens. He weighs his words well. Let Dr. -John R. Matt, Mott himself give his esti~ ill ate 0 f the American Standard Bible.

Copyright, Underwood & Underwood Studio.

~ote that Dr. Mott says, "turn to the use of this (The American Standard) ver~ SIan," which means much more than just turn to-perhaps now and again. This turning to the 'use of the American Standard Bible is what will give the Christian of today sti'tnulus and help as it does Dr. Matt.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A Scientist's Faith I•n the Bible One of the world's gretHellt Burgeons tells how he came to believe the whole Book.

Dr. Howard A. Kelly's Per.onal Confes.ion of Faith HOWARD A. KELLY, H.D., LL.D. CAN a really scientific man believe the Biblef Dr. Howard A. Kelly is entitled to answer. His scientific record and standing Among his many ofilcial and hon~ today are equaled by few living men. After a brilliant orary connections, Dr. Kelly is career as Professor of Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University, Consulting Gynecologist of Johns and surgeon of world-wide reputation, he is now giving himself Hopkins Ho~pital, Honorary Fellow to special research, while continuing as Emeritus Professor at Edinburgh Obstetrical Society, Johns Hopkins and conducting his personal practice. With Glasgow Obstetrical and Gynecolo- degrees from several universities, including Aberdeen and Penngical Society, Royal Academy of sylvania, Dr. Kelly has been honored by scientific societies Medicine in Ireland, Fellow Brit- throughout the civilized world, is an authorit~ on radium, and ish Gynecological Society, Past is Honorary Curator in the Division of ReptIles and Amphib- President American Gynecological ians of the University of Michigan. He is an honored member Society, Honorary Memoer Societa of scientific or medical societies in Scotland, Ireland, Haly, Italiana dl Ostet1'1cla e Ginecologia, Germany, France, Roumania and Russia. He is the anthor of Gesellschaft fur Geburtshulfe und standard works in surgery and medicine, and of hundreds of Gynekologle zu Berlin, Correspond- articles in medical journals. ing Member Etranger de la Soclete de Chirurg!e de Paris, K. K. And Dr. Kelly beHeves the Bible, because be has tested It In rig- Gesel1schaft del' Aerzte in Wien, idly SCientific ways and finds that it meets every test. "1 have never Roumanian Academy of Science, in. my whole life met a man who really knew the Bible and rejected Obstetrico-Gynecological Society of it," he says. He gives from one to four hours a day to his own Bible Moscow, Past President Southern study. He conducts a large Bible class every Sunday in Baltimore. Surg1cal and Gynecological Asso- Ciation. But he counts a higher Some years ago be was seriously troubled by the Higher Criticism. honor than any of these bis heav- Then he studied hiR way out of it by making the Bible his textbook enly degree of B,A.-"Born Again." of religion exact1y 8S he would use any textbook tn science. Today he knows that the whole Bible is the very Word at God, and its every precious doctrine vital to life and happiness.

ibr ~av ~rlJlllll mtmro (published every week) believes that the full, personal, intimate, autobio- Dr. KeIIy's testimony cannot be ignored, It cangraphical testimony of such a scientist is needed not be discounted. It cannot be ridiculed~ Those today as never before. The "Science League of who reject God's Word win dlsagree with him. America," recently formed, is denouncing the Bible ThOBe who believe God's Word will rejoice that God and saying that sdence alone is the "savior of man- has raised up Dr. Kelly "for such a time as this." kind," It declares: "We must have a canfidence in the natural that will not leave room for one jot The series will CommenCe at once. Will you help or tittle of faith in the supernatural." Dr. KelIy to get these remarkable testimonies to as many of knows otherwise. At the earnest invitation of The your friends and coworkers as possible? You may Sunday School Time8 he is preparing exclusively know of ministers, or Sunday~school teachers, or for this journal his own full confession of faith. unsaved persons, who need them. A Ten Weeks He will begin by telling how he came out of his "Get-acquainted" subscription, costing 25 cents, uncertainty concerning the critical attacks on the will cover most or all of the series. Bible into his present unshakable convictions, and will then give his reasons for believing in the Great r;~~;-C;;–;;;; -;:;;;;~ -;H7s-;O-;;;N-:-t Doctrines of the Christian Faith. Thus he wlll write the following seven articles: How I Came. to I I $2.00 a year. In clubs of five or more. $1.50 My 1'resent Faith; Why I Believe the Whole Bible I I each per year. Our "Get.acquainted" ofter, is True; Why I Believe that Jesus Christ Is God; I I 10 week. for 25c. Why I Belleve In the Virgin Birth of Jesus: Why I Believe in the Blood Atonement; Why I Believe I I THE SUNDAY SCHOOL TIHES COMPANY In the Bodily Resurrection; Why I Believe Christ I 1031 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 1'a. Ill-X ia Coming Again. I For 25 cents enclosed, please send "The Sun- There bas been no cont.ribution like this from any I I day School Times" for 10 weeks to ()ther outstanding scientific leader in our generation. It is an event of stupendous importance in I I Name ….. ,., ……. "'_' ……….•••… these dark days of confusion, uncertainty and out- LI ~~:….-.:..: I spoken denial by men who command respect in :':.:':"::':"::..:…..:..: :':.:':":':':"::.:.:':"::':"::…:…J everything but their faith.

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THE MlS-SIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. MARCH, 1925 NUMBER XLVIII THREE THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION "THIS convention has converted me," said a reporter on a Washington paper after he had been listening to the multi- tude of addresses on foreign missions for nearly a week.

"I have been converted from a narrow view of the Church and its work and have come to see that the Church of Christ is greater than any sect or denomination, and that the work of taking Christ and His Gospel to all mankind is the greatest work in the world."

This was the impression made on every earnest and open-minded Christian attending the great Washingtoll Foreign Missions Convention (January 28 to February 2, 1925). The audiences for six days at three sessions a day numbered between four and five thou- sand.* The acoustics of the large new Washington Auditorium, scarcely completed, were perfect and the electric amplifier carried even weak voices to the farthest corner of the hall. The convention was also remarkable for its character, for it included missionary statesmen from office and field, government officials, prominent women, laymen and pastors of all evangelical churches, and some leaders from Europe. There were also about five hundred students (most of them Volunteers) and one hundred or more Christians from the native Churches of China, Japan, Korea, Siam, the Philippines, Africa, Moslem Lands and Latin America.

The quality of the addresses, from that of President Coolidge on the first afternoon, to that by Robert E. Speer on the last evening, was remarkable for both intellectual and spiritual power. The attentiveness of the audience was shown not only in their appreciation of humorous anecdotes, but in their sympathetic responsiveness to earnest appeals, inspiring facts and convincing logic. It was impossible to prevent spontaneous applause in spite of requests to abstain.

* The registered delegates, numbering 3,480, representing 59 mission board constituencies and 27 other or.e:anizations, were supplemented with many from 'Vashington churches.

165 The spirit of prayer and the evidence of spiritual power per- vaded the sessions, not only in the periods of intercession, but in the continued evidence of dependence on the Spirit of God both for past progress and for future achievements. Some of the most remark- able meetings of the convention were the early morning student gatherings in charge of Mr. Robert P. Wilder of the Student Volun- teer Movement, when two or three hundred met for an hour of prayer and conference.

The themes presented at the convention included such great topics as "The Gospel for the Whole World," "The Present World Situation," "The Solution of the Problems of the World," "The Gospel at Work in Asia and Africa," "Christian Education in the Mission Field," "Medical, Industrial and Social Work in Asia," "The Place of Foreign Missions in the Church at Home," "The Church in the Mission Field," "The Foreign Missionary Movement in Relation to Peace and (ffiod Will Among Nations," and "The Call to Our Unfinished Task." The section conferences took up on successive afternoons the different mission fields, the various types of missionary work and the denominational programs.

The array of speakers was in itself a guarantee of a rich intellectual and spiritual feast. The Board secretaries included Dr. James L. Barton, of the American Board, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. Arthur J. Brown and Dr. William P. Schell, of the Presbyterian Board, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, of the Reformed Church in America, and Dr. James Endicott, of the Canadian Methodists. The women officials on the program were Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (American Baptist), Mrs. C. K. Roys (Presbyterian), Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, of Detroit, Miss Mabel K. Howell (Methodist South) and Miss Margaret E. Burton (International Y. W. C. A.). Among the missionaricH were Miss Jean Mackenzie, Dr. Charles E. Hurlburt and Dr. H. C. McDowell, of Africa; Rev. John H. McLaurin, Dr. E. Stanley Jones and Miss Helen K. Hunt, of India and Burma; Dr. F. F. Goodsell, of Turkey; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Cairo; Rev. Watts O. Pye, Dr. Ida Belle Lewis; Dean.T. D. McRae and Dr. T. Dwight Sloan and President J. M. Henry, of China; Bishop Welch, Bishop Tucker and Dr. William Axling, of Korea and Japan; and Dr. .T. H. McLean, of Chile. Christians from mission churches included Prof. J. J. Cornelius and Rev. B. P. Hiwale, of India, and Mr. Toyohiko Kagawa, of Japan.

The spokesmen for laymen at the general meetings were Dr. John R.

Mott, of New York, Hon. N. W. Rowell, of Canada, and R. A. Doan, of Columbus, Ohio; for the educational institutions, President Mary E. Woolley, of Mt. Holyoke; Prof. Rufus M. Jones, of Haverford, and Prof. William 1. Hull, of Swarthmore; and for ministers of the American churches, speakers were Bishop Mouzon (Methodist, South), Bishop Brent (Protestant Episcopal), Canon H. J. Cody, of Canada, Rev. S. W. Herman (Lutheran), Dr. Hugh T. Kerr (Presbyterian), Dr. Harris E. Kirk (Presbyterian, South). Student Volunteers were represented by Miss Goodsell, Dr. Walter H. Judd and Mr. 'Warner Lentz.

The representatives from European societies and churches were Mr. J. H. Oldham, of the International Missionary Council, the Bishop of St. Albans, Rev. Robert Forgan, of Scotland, Baron von Boetzelaer, of Holland, Dr. Daniel Couve, of France, and Prof. Julius Richter, of Germany.

There we~ successive presiding officers and many who led daily in prayer. The devotional periods for intercession at noon were led by Presi- dent W. Douglas Mackenzie, of Hartford, President J. Ross Stevenson, of

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Princeton, Robert P. Wilder, of the Student "Volunteer Movement, Dr. Robert Forgan, of Scotland, and Dr. John W. Wood, of New York.

But the outstanding characteristic of the convention was that its keynote from first to last was Jesus Christ, as the great missionary message and the one Hope for the world. No note of theological disagreement was struck, but Ohrist was exalted as the Son of God and the only sufficient Saviour for every race and nation. Therefore, courage and faith marked the convention; courage to undertake difficult problems in the Spirit of Ohrist and faith in ultimate victory.

The Washington convention was in many respects in marked contrast to the great Ecumenical Oonference held in New York twenty-five years ago and to the Edinburgh Oonference in 1910. At the Ecumenical Oonference there were stories of pioneering and popular appeals to arouse interest in foreign missions, together with comprehensive surveys of the miSfion fields. At Washington an intelligent interest in world-wide missions was taken for granted and the evident aim of speakers was to enlist mOre devoted, united and effective cooperation of the Ohurch at home in an adequate en~ deavor to complete the task of giving Ohrist to all the world. Edinburgh was marked by a serious study of methods, of the task of occupying new fields, of organizing and uniting forces, and of strengthening native churches, based on reports of various commissions. At Washington, there was no opportunity for discussion from the floor and no resolutions or plans presented for adoption~ It was a meeting to instruct and stimulate rather than to confer; to marshal home forces rather than to determine policies. Even the section meetings on fields, methods and denominational plans gave little opportunity for discussion.

Another characteristic of the Washington convention that distinguished it from the previous gatherings (and that made it akin to the recent Student Volunteer Oonvention) was the emphasis on the practical application of the principles of Ohrist to all phases of modern life, such as international, racial and industrial problems. One whole session was given up to international relations and another largely to the consideration of social, racial and industrial conditions. Ohristian missions have always recognized responsibility for Ohristianizing these relationships, but at Washington this duty was more largely emphasized.

One could not attend this great convention without being deeply impressed again by the immensity and importance of the missionary task, the variety of the problems and methods involved, the great difficulties encountered, the real oneness of the work, the necessity for true unity and cooperation, and the possibility of greater progress. Ultimate triumph depends, however, not on human wisdom or

material strength, but on the power of God to work miracles of transformation in men and in nations.

What will be the outcome of the Washington convention? This is the great question. Hope lies in the fact that living seed was sown in good soil. With proper care this will surely bear fruit in tho churches and Board offices at home and in the fields abroad. Missionaries return to their fields encouraged by the thought that the Church at home will stand back of them with more devoted support in prayer and in sacrificial giving. Secretaries return to their offices with renewed faith and energy and with the hope of more adequate help from their several constituencies. Volunteers return to their studies more eager to prepare for service abroad and confident that funds will be provided to send them out when ready. Laymen return to business or professions with a new sense of responsibility for the practice of stewardship of all resources for the Kingdom of God. Pastors return to their churches determined to accept the challenge and to marshal their forces for an onward march. Will the new impetus received show itself in personal life and in religious circles? Will the renewed impulses reach out in every direction and through all agencies to bring harmony in international relations, to create true brotherliness in race relations, to establish justice and mercy in economic life and to purify and enable all social contacts? These results may be achieved only if individual Christians give Jesus Christ right of way in their lives so that the Spirit of God may use us, with all we have, to make Him known and to establish the reign of God among men of every tongue and tribe and nation.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS l ' l . AN unusually interesting conference on the problems and possi- bilities of Home Mission work in North America was held at Atlantic Oity, January 13th to 16th, by the executives of the Boards affiliated with the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. The topics under discussion were of great importance and the papers and addresses were informing and stimulating. The emphasis was placed on the need and the results of interdenominational unity and cooperation in carrying out the program of Christ for the salvation of mankind. Several papers on this subject will be printed in the REVIEW. Another topic stressed in the program was Christian community service-union of effort to serve a whole community, rather than rival denominational effort to build up one communion. Possibly there was at times an over-stressing of the machinery and methods in Home Mission work in place of emphasis on the prime importance of spiritual power and the need of presenting Christ to all those in ignorance of His Gospel of Life.

1925J EDI1'ORIAL COMMENTS

NUGGETS FROM THE HOME MISSION CONFERENCE T HE watchword of Christian agencies for centuries was "Occupy Strategic Fields." For the Twentieth Century, let the watch- word be: "Serve Every Community." *' *' *' Our business as Christians is not to increase the membership of our individual churches, but to bring men to Christ; not to bring sheep into a particular flock, but to lead them into Christ'8 fold.

*' *' *'

The new Home Missions undertakes, on the basis of ascertained facts, to establish the Kingdom of God among men and to transform the total life of America and of the world in all its phases and re- lationships so that it will conform to the spirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. He is the center of the missionary motive and teaching.

*' *' *'

Over 5,000 communities in the United States have no evangelical church work and between 5,000 and 10,000 communities have only one church. Let us abandon competition and care for neglected communities.

*' '* *'

Regional cooperation amo.ng churches began in Maine in 1890 when flve denominations cooperated in Home Mission work in the State. Now seven far-western States, in addition to Maine and Vermont, have or- ganized on a cooperative program to survey their fields and to care for neglected areas and groups.

• *' • Out of 175,000 recent immigrants from Europe, 103,000 have come from Protestant countries. It is most important that we follow these immigrants to their destination in America.

• '* *' The Christian Chinese in San Francisco have recently made their church a community center for united work.

If we are to reach the Mo•rm*o'ns *'effectively, we must strengthen the Christian educational institutions among them – such as West- minster College.

Hawaii is God'8 laboratory for the study of the problems of race relationships.

The progress in Christian statesmanship in Home Missions in the last quarter of a century was clearly pointed out by Dr. John M. Moore, whose address appears in the REVIEW. In 1900, Home Missions were studied more from an isolated denominational viewpoint, with especial reference to unoccupied physical frontiers and work among heathen Indians and uneducated Negroes. .At the recent conference, the chief topics discussed were unity and cooperation in work for Spanish-speaking .Americans, for rural communities, cities and among immigrants. Valuable papers were also presented on "Home Missions as a Career," " The Need of Leadership,"

"The Development of Leaders," and "The Future of Home Missions. "

The study of these topics cannot fail to impress one with the immensity and importance of the work to be done in America, the diversity and intricacy of the problems involved, the progress already made and the growing sense of the unity of the task. This work demands unselfish sacrifice, Christlike cooperation and an earnest dependence on prayer and on the leadership and power of God.

ANTI-CHRISTIAN AGITATION IN CHINA POLITICAL and religious turmoil in China, makes it difficult to secure first-hand reliable information on the situation. Dr. Alexander Baxter, Vice-President of Canton Christian Col- leges, writes, under date of January 7th, some interesting details as to the anti-Christian movement now in evidence in Canton and to some extent in other parts of China. This anti-Christian movement seems to be a joint affair between certain student organizations and the Communistic section of the Kuo-ming-tang. Outside Canton the only place where the movement has been at all active so far is in Shanghai. In Canton not only Christianity but all religion is being opposed, while in other parts the movement is exclusively against Christianity. This may be due to the fact that Russian or Bolshevis- tic influences are more marked in the south than in other parts of China. Many believe that the movement here has Russian influence and money behind it and this seems to be borne out by the fact that members of the military school at Whampo have taken part in anti- Christian demonstrations.

Other organizations sharing in the anti-Christian movement are the New Student Movement and a Chinese club or society com- posed mostly of school graduates known as the "Chi Yung Hok Shek." Newspapers, such as the Chinese organ of the Kuo-ming- tang Party, (Man Kwok Yat Po) and the lIok Shing Yat Hon, and magazines such as Young China have contained articles of an anti-Christian character. A number of pamphlets and leaflets have also been issued of a popular anti-Christian kind.

The methods used by this movement have been chiefly public meetings and literature. A number of mass meetings have been held. The Government Normal School has been very active and several meetings have been held in its buildings. Open-air meetings have also been held in various parts of Canton and groups of people, mostly students, have gone to Christian schools and institutions dis- tributing anti-Christian literature and in some cases attempting to break up Christian gatherings.

Dr. Baxter reports that the main points made by speakers and . in anti-Christian literature seem to be:

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

(1) That Christianity has proved to be the advance guard of imperial- ism. Instances are given, such as the taking over of Tsingtau by the Ger- mans as the result of the murder of certain missionaries.

(2) Chinese Christians are described as being the servants of capitalism.

The fine plants that missionary societies build and the positions they are able to give to their workers have appealed to some Chinese, and they have thus become the tools of foreigners. The claim is made that most of those who support missions are capitalists.

(3) It is said that Christians and students in Christian institutions are not patriotic. Foreigners give them a wrong point of view, and owing to their contact with foreigners they do not see harm in this so-called foreign imperialism, which is being introduced to the country in the guise of Chris- tianity.

(4) Christianity is attacked as being inconsistent with the assured results of modern science. Some speakers make the common popular claim that cnlightened peoples are giving up religion as something which is outgrown, and are adopting a so-called scientific view of life which is more akin to Positivism.

(5) The teachings of Christianity, especially regarding non-resistance, miracles, etc., are attacked as in themselves absurd. .

(6) The influence of the Church, especially in the Middle Ages in Europe, is quoted as iill example of the tyranny which Christianity has instituted.

(7) Foreign control in mission institutions is instanced as an attempt to make the Chinese the servants of foreign nations, and it is held that this control prevents the training of patriotic Chinese citizens.

Of course, there is nothing new in these points. At a recent meeting of Chinese leaders held in the Y. M. C. A., in Canton, it was stated that the result of the movement here so far has been mainly twofold: First, to cause increased interest in the whole subject of religion whereby people have been led to class themselves either for or against; and, second, it has caused much public sympathy with Christianity as many realize that the attack is not sincere, but is engineered in the interest of politics, and at the dictates of Russian influence.

The attitude of Christian leaders to the movement has been discussed and at a recent meeting it was decided: (1) That it would be unwise to attempt direct opposition and that the Church should increase its constructive work in the district.

(2) A committee of Chinese leaders was appointed to draw up a statement, probably to be issued by the Christian Council of Kwangtung, indicating what Christianity stands for in relation tl1 the religious, social and political situation.

(3) It was agreed to have a statement prepared also for church members so that they could be more enlightened as to the teaching and attitude of their faith towards present problems.

(4) Steps are being taken to give more publicity to the actual work which the Christian Church i'S attempting through it'S churches and institutions.

(5) It was agreed to call in the near future a conference of foreign missionaries and Chinese Christian leaders to discuss ,more adequately the movement in its relation to foreign missionaries working in this district.

The general feeling among Christians is that too little has been done to make clear the real function and work of foreign missionaries in China. Undoubtedly some of the leaders in the present government are aware of the real nature of missionary service and are not misled by these statements seeking to show that the missionary body is an adjunct of western governments. At the same time there is a great deal of ignorance on these points amongst people generally and apart from the present anti-Christian movement altogether it would be well to have the work of the Christian Church explained more clearly to the general public. This is a time to be patient and to pr.ay for the Chinese. It is a time to make clear to all the spiritual aims and values of Christianity and the relations of Christ and His teachings to present-day problems.

TOLERATION 'L'RIUMPHS IN GREECE rl.. AL'l'HOUGH nominally Christian, Greece has heen religiously OIle of the most backward countries in the world. A provision in her 'Constitution forhids the admission or circulation of any translation of the Scriptures-a bar to their circulation such as has not been placed even by heathen or Moslem lands. Box after box of Bibles sent by the Bible Societies, has been held up in the custom- houses. For many years a feeling of hostility towards Evangelical Greek Christians has been sedulously fostered, especially by Greek church leaders; such persons being branded as traitors to their country because they had forsaken their national Church. In the olden days the windows of the Evangelical Greek Church in Athens used to be frequently stoned, and there was no redress. Some in- convenience, as well as injustice, was also the outcome of the refusal of the civil authorities to recognize the legality of any marriage not performed by a priest of the established Church, the only one legally recognized by the Government.

These conditions are now at an end for a great change has come over the attitude of the Greeks, official and civilian, largely as a result of three factors. Firstly, Athens has been fortunate, as has the church at large, in the broader spirit and better tone of two recent Metropolitans-Abp. Meletios, who became Patriarch of the whole Church, residing at Constantinople, until expelled by the Turkish Government, and also the present Metropolitan. They have too catholic a spirit to encourage such narrowness, and have done much to overcome it. '

, In the second place, thousands of Greeks have been returning to their native land from the United States, bringing with them a more friendly spirit toward its illstitutiolls, from which they have seen only good. In many ways they have been contributing to a friendlier attitude on the part of their people to things Western. They stand

925] EDITORIAL COMMENT

up for recognition of those who may differ from them in details; and they will not join in religious persecution, nor tolerate it if they can prevent it.

Thirdly, the bitterness of disaster, especially of the last great disaster, in western Asia Minor, has opened their eyes. They know now that the Evangelical Greek is just as loyal, and in some ways more able, and certainly as Christian, as his Orthodox neighbor. Besides, this mournful wave of refugees has brought into the farthest corners of the country large numbers of Evangelical Greeks, and of those who were well acquainted with such over in Asia Minor. Henceforth it will hardly be possible for Greece to go back to its former narrow-minded way of thinking and acting.

The-new spirit has been shown in a multitude of ways. Laws have been modified to suit the needs of the American colleges that have moved over to Greece from Asia Minor, so that religious restrictions and other obstacles are not put in their way. The church authorities as well as the Government have welcomed the advent of these avowedly Evangelical institutions. In at least one instanceat Katerin8., on the Gulf of Salonica-land has been set aside by the Government for a purely Evangelical village, where non-Evangelicals are not allowed to settle unless by invitation of the others; and the Government has made substantial grants in money and materials, to get these refugees started in communal life. The cases of Bibles that have lain for long in the custom houses, have been allowed to enter, not only free of duty, but free also of storage charges. Their sale and distribution is now unhindered.

The most fundamental change of all is, naturally, the modification of the Hellenic Constitution. Not only has the Article prohibiting the translation or circulation of any Scriptures except in the original been abrogated, but the entire attitude on religion is changed. The new Article on Religion reads: (1) Liberty of Conscience is inviolable. (2) All religions may perform what pertains to their worship freely under the protection of the laws, except anything that is against public order and good morals. – (3) Proselyting is forbidden.

By the last clause is meant that the Government will not permit "any attempt to make followers by gifts, promises, or force." Needless to say, the Evangelical Church has never made followers by any of these means, and is glad to abide by this law.

In consequence of this new attitude, the civil authorities now recognize marriages performed by Evangelical clergymen. Thus problems of inheritance and property are obviated and Evangelicals have exactly the same rights as the adherents of the Orthodox or any other church.

One by-product of this better feeling has been the granting of

the use of King George's Chapel to the Second Evangelical Church of Athens, an organization composed of refugees from Asia Minor.

King George I came to Greece as a Protestant Dane and his Danish Lutheran pastor held Protestant services in the Royal Chapel in the palace. According to agreement, his children were brought up in the National Church of Greece, and the subsequent kings were all Orthodox. Greece is now a republic and, by the act of a liberal Government, the former Royal Chapel has once more returned to the use of Evangelicals.

The Greek people as a whole are far more ready than formerly to read Evangelical literature. A short time ago a broad-minded Greek in Salonica went to the American Mission and bought up all the copies they had of some tracts by Sherwood Eddy and others, and, with the cooperation of the Orthodox priest who was acting as chaplain to two government military hospitals, went through the wards and distributed many hundreds to the sick. He sent to the publication headquarters at Constantinople for several thousand more, since new calls for this literature came pouring in on him.

Recently a layman of the Orthodox faith secured a quantity of Sun- day-school literature to take with him on a tour among the islands of the Greek Archipelago where he was sure of a good reception.

The Greek language has been lamentably short of Sunday-school literature but there has been a gradual and quiet growth of Sunday- schools in connection with some of the Orthodox churches in Athens and other places; and now a very able Greek lady is translating the entire series of the Blakeslee system, so that these and other schools may have the requisite books and leaflets.

An inspiring challenge has recently come, from a most unex- pected quarter, for an enlargement of the American system of schools in Greece. The Metropolitan Bishop of the island of Syra sent a message last summer to Miss McCallum, Principal of the American College for Girls at Athens, begging her to take steps for the open- ing of a school for girls in his island. Failing to secure a favorable reply, he came in person to the College in November to see her. It happened that several missionaries were gathered there at the time; and this high ecclesiastic fervently repeated his earnest request for an American school for his girls in Syra. He guaranteed an imme- diate attendance of at least two hundred, and set their minds at rest as to any costs for the running of the school. He wanted the man- agement of it entirely in the hands of Miss McCallum, and in ac- cordance with what religious program she might choose. It was a confidence based on the fine reputation already attained by the College in Athens. C.HARLES T. RIGGS. BY THE REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., LUCKNOW, INDIA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1907 T HERE is a good deal of misunderstanding as to what consti- tutes the missionary aim and motive, and never have we needed to clarify the issue as now. Weare told that we are "International Meddlers," that we are "Creedmongers to the East," that we are the religious side of imperialism, that we are the forerunners of capitalism, that we represent a great hunger to see an ecclesiasticism prevail around the world.

We ought to face the problem squarely and, under the closest scrutiny, tell just what we are trying to do. We can determine this in the quiet of the study where we brood over human motives and aims or we may determine our objective in the thick of the struggle on the field where ideas meet ideas and civilizations meet civilizations. My personal conclusions have been reached in the thick of the battle, by the sheer exigencies of the struggle itself.

When I first went to India eighteen years ago I was trying to hold a very long line, the line from Genesis to Revelation, on to Western civilization and the Christian Church. There was no welldefined issue. The non-Christian invariably pitched the battle at Moses or at Western civilization. He always seemed to ignore the central point.

Then I saw that I could shorten my line, that I could refuse to know anything save Jesus Christ and Him crucified. I could take my stand there and make Him the sum total of the aim and the motive of my message.

The situation cleared when we took the one central theme. The Indian people found that we were not there to make them pale copies of the West; we respected anything fine in their civilization, in their struggle after God. They learned that we were there not to wipe out that struggle but to give them a person, Jesus Christ, whom they could interpret through their own genius and national past and could express in a living way.

Up to that time in India, we seemed to have been up against a stone wall. We were making great progress among the outcastes, but we were scarcely making any progress among the educated classes. When we clarified the issue and made Christ the one issue, then there was a new burst of power. We found ourselves in the midst of a revival of interest in Jesus as a person who captivated the thought of the East. The people had thought that if they took Christ, they would have to take Western civilization also, but when ~m an address delivered at the Washington Foreign Missions Convention, January 29, 1925.

175 the revelation tlaW11ed upon the minds of the East, that they could have Christ with as little or as much of Western civilization as they desired, then there was a new outbreak of spiritual power and interest in Jesus Christ that far surpasses anything that we had seen.

In thinking over this matter and trying to discover what the different systems were trying to produce, I saw that each religion had its own peculiar aim; Greece said, "Be moderate; know thyself." Confucianism said, "Be superior; correct thyself." Buddhism says, "B(l disillusioned; annihilate thyself." Hinduism says, "Be separated; merge thyself." Mohammedanism says, "Be submissive; bend thyself." Shintoism sa:i'S, "Be loyal; suppress thyself." Judaism says, "Be holy; conform thyself." Modern materialism says, "Be industrious; enjoy thyself." Modern dilettantism says, "Be broad; cultivate thyself." Christianity says, "Be Christlike; give thyself."

Now if the aim of Christian missions is to produce Christlike character that it may give itself as Jesus gave Himself, then we have no reason to apologize for that aim and motive for there is nothing higher than to be Christlike.

The aim of Christian missions then is not to propagate Western civilization around the world-they may take as much or as little as they wish; we are not there to project an ecclesiasticism throughout the world, but we are there without apology, openly and without the slightest hesitatiol1, to say that we think it is worth while to make men like Jesus Christ.

First of all, that is a worthy aim for our own lives, we wouId like to be like Him. We too would like to catch His Spirit, His thought, His purpose, and His power. We would like to give ourselves as He gave Himself. If this is the end of Christianity then there is not the slightest reason why we should hesitate to make that the aim of the Christian missions.

Jesus is not a way of life, He is Life itself. He came not to set certain truths alongside of other truths. Jesus came to be Truth itself. In Him Truth looks out at me from understanding eyes, touches me with redemptive hands, and loves me with a warm loving heart.

Jesus came not to bring a religion, as Dean Inge says, "to set alongside of other religions" ; Jesus came to be a religion itself, and if we go deep enough into religion, we must stand face to face with Jesus, who is religion itself in its final expression. Jesus Christ sums up the finest in the East and the finest in the West.

Greece said that three things caught her attention in worship. They were the good. the beautiful and the true. That sums up the

CHRIST, THE MISSIONARY MOTIVE

finest thinking in the West. The East, brooding over these same problems, has come to the conclusion that there were three ways out, namely the gyan mar'g, the way of "knowledge"; the bhakti marg, the way of "devotion"; and the karm marg, the way of "works."

Jesus said, standing midway between East and West, "I am the way, the truth and life." I am the way-that is the good. I am the truth~that is the true. I am the life-that is the beautiful. He is what the Greeks unconsciously desired.

He turus to the East and He says, I am the way-that is the karm marg-a way of life, a method of working; I am the truththat is the gyan marg, the way of "knowledge"; I am the lifethat is the bhakti marg or the way of "devotion." He is what India has unconsciously desired.

Jesus then stands midway between East and West and fulfills everything that life strives for, and East and West will one day find in Him what they need.

A lawyer rose in the crowd in India and said, "Is that what you are trying to do? Do you want to give us Christ and Christ alone?" I said, "My brother, I have nothing else to give."

He replied: "I do not see how we Indians can hate Him. I thought you had come here to wipe out our past and all our Indian culture. If your aim is to give us Christ, let us take Him and interpret Him through our own genius and life, I do not see ho~ we Indians can oppose it."

Let Jesus Christ touch men with His own vital presence and power, and there will conie a new vitality, for Jesus appeals to the soul as light appeals to the eye, as truth fits the conscience, as beauty speaks to the resthetic nature. Christ and the soul were made for one another, and if we can bring the soul of any human being in contact with Jesus Christ, that soul will see in Him not only a Way of life but Life itself, not a truth but Truth itself.

India has become my home; India's people are my people, her problems are my problems and her future is my future. I would bear upon my heart her sins if I could lift her to my Saviour. One day I said to a group of prominent men: "Brothers, what are we going to do with these 60,000,000 outcastes? They are a millstone around our national neck and we can never be strong until we lift them." A non-Christian replied: "Sir, it will take a Christ to lift them." "Yes, my brother," I said, "a Christ to lift them and to lift me, to lift the rest of us." That non-Christian, searching for some redemptive force to solve his problems, put his finger upon Christ as the one way out. Some years ago Dr. John R. Matt, speaking in Victoria Hall, 2

Madras, was hissed when he used the name of Christ. Nine years later in that same hall, Jesus Ohrist and Him Orucified was the one topic for six nights. The crowd increased! every night until they were standing around the windows and doors. I asked men publicly and openly to give themselves to Jesus Ohrist. If one had responded ] should have been grateful; if five had come I should have been overwhelmed, but between 100 and 150 came and took their stand frankly and openly as followers of Jesus Ohrist, in the very hall where nine years before the name of Ohrist had been hissed.

The change was not due to a difference in the speakers or their presentation. In that nine years a new revelation had dawned upon the mind of India, a new revelation that Ohrist belongs to her as much as He belongs to the West. Ohristianity is breaking out far beyond the borders of the Ohristian Ohurch, and the question that we must face is this: Will the Ohristian Ohurch be great enough and Ohristlike enough to be the medium through which Ohrist will express Himself to the non-Ohristian world 7 If so then there must be a finer and more utter abandon to Jesus Christ, with more of the spirit of service and less of racial patronage.

If we go to India to serve in the spirit of Jesus Ohrist, the whole East is wide open, and will respond. If we come full of patronage the East is closed.

A Brahmin gentleman said to a friend of mine, "I do not like the Ohrist of your creeds and the Ohrist of your churches." With a swift intuition my friend replied, "Then how would you like the Ohrist of the Indian road 7" The Ohrist of the Indian road, with long flowing garments, with the crowd about Him, touching blind eyes, and letting the light stream in, His hands upon the heads of unclean lepers and sending them back to health, announcing the good tidings of a new Kingdom to stricken humanity, and telling of His dying upon a wayside cross for men, and rising again from the dead. How differs this Ohrist of the Indian road from the Christ of the Galilean road 1 Christ must be naturalized upon the Indian road, and upon the Ohinese pathways and upon the highways of Japan, so that every nation will find in Him the true expression of its own national thought and outreaching of heart and will see in Him what they have craved through the weary centuries.

One day, speaking to Mahatma Gandhi, I said: "I am very anxious to see Ohristianity naturalized in India, not something identified with foreign people and foreign government, but a part of the national life of India and contributing its power to India's uplift. What would you suggest that we do in order to make that possible ~"

He thought a moment and then said: "If you are going to do that I would suggest to you four things: First, that all Christians, missionaries and all, live more like Ohrist."

Through his eyes three hundred and twenty million people were looking and through his voice those millions were speaking. He said, "If you come to us in the Spirit of Jesus Christ, then we can- not resist you. "

"Second, I would suggest that you practice your religion with- out adulterating it or toning it down."

We might have thought that India would desire Christianity toned down in order to meet the non-Christian world half way. But no, the non-Christian world has discovered the high challenge, and the amazing appeal of Christ and says to us, "Do not adulterate Christianity; give it to us in its rugged simplicity and its high demands, and live out the life; then we cannot resist it."

Some one has suggested that we are too often "inoculating the world with a mild form of Christianity so that it is practically becoming immune against the real thing." Weare not interested in giving India a mild form of Christianity. Let her take Christ just as He is in His mighty, saving, overwhelming power to change human nature and to make men new.

"Third," Mr. Gandhi said: "I would suggest that you put your emphasis upon love, for love is a central thing in Christianity."

He did not mean love as a sentiment, but love as a working force. If God is Love, then the highest power is Love; the highest power of omnipotence is Calvary, and the one way out of our world's difficulties is to catch the spirit of Love that Jesus Christ manifested and embody it in race relationships, in international relationships, in every other relationship of life.

"Fourth," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would suggest that you study the non-Christian religions more sympathetically to find out the good that is in them in order to have a sympathetic approach to the people."

We should be unafraid of truth wherever it is found. Christ is the fulfillment of all truth and truth is a signpost that points toward Him Who is the Truth.

Note those four things. Be more like Jesus Christ; practice Christianity without adulterating it; put your emphasis upon love; be unafraid of truth anywhere. "If you will come to us in that spirit," said Mr. Gandhi, "we cannot resist you."

As Christians that challenges us, and sends us to our knees. Some of us who went to the East as teachers are staying as learners. We believe that the one great need of India and of the whole world, East and West, is Christ Himself. The great pathetic lack of the non-Christian world is that they have no Christ. Do we see any one who is getting along well without Him 1 We make no apology then for being Christian missionaries, for Jesus Christ is the supreme and controlling motive for our lives.

We need to lift up, not an emasculated .Tesus, but a Jesus able .to do all things that human nature needs, a Christ 'Vho is sufficient and compelling. If there is a new Christocentric emphasis upon this whole missionary work, then I believe that there will be a new burst of spiritual power around the world. Stone walls will suddenly open for Christ to enter as the risen and triumphant Lord. 0 Majestic Christ, Thou Who art walking across the nations, and, bidding for the heart of the world, give us something of Thy touch, Thy presence and Thy power.

I see no other way out; for East or West than the way that Jesus offers, namely, Himself. I see no other hope for human character save to be made like Jesus Christ. I see no other way out of the world's troubled situation than the way that Jesus points. There is no other way except Jesus, Who Himself is the Way, the Truth and the Life. The best life of the East and the West is revolving around Jesus Christ as the center. If we have slipped off that center into denominationalism, or have felt that our business was to create a kind of supremacy of the white race through Christianity, then we must come back to that Center. Christ must be real to us. We must take Him to India a~d other lands. As a leading thinker in India said one day, "There is nobody else who is seriously bidding for the heart of the world except Jesus Christ." We have many critics in all this, but no rivals; we have many critics, but no one else with such an aim, namely, an aim to make this a Christlike world that it may give itself for the sake of our fellow men as Jesus Christ gave Himself for the sake of all. If the motive and aim of Christian missions is to produce Christlike character which will give itself, then we have no apology to make for Christian missions.

QUOTATIONS FROM THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION "The love of the Christian is more dangerous than the sword of Mohamet. "-Quo.fed trO'ln an India Paper, Canon Cody.

Ghandhi '8 greatest contribution to the world is that he has shown to the world that Christ's principle of overcoming evil by good, by soul force, by spiritual strength, is practicable not only by the individual but by a nation. He has given new meaning to the gospel of vicarious suffering and has turned the eyes of thinking men to Christ upon the Cross. The result of it is that hundreds of educated Hindus and Mohammedans are found sympathetically studying the Christ's way of lviifte~liwtyhiacnhdhuans itthyrotougohurMpaehoaptlmea.-JG. hJa.nCdhoirnberloiuusg. ht sucb new strength, It is not how great we are, or how much money we give, that counts but whether we give all that we are and have into the hands oE Christ our Lord.-Robert E. Speer.

Pastor and the Missionary Movemenr*

BY REV. H.l'GH T. KF:RR, PITTSBt:RGH, PA. P"stor uf Shadyside Presbyterian Church and Author of "Missiunary Sermons for Children," Etc.

· HEN Wiliam Carey went forward on his great mission he W said, "There is a gold mine in India. I will go down but you must hold the ropes." William Carey and his little band of loyal supporters were comrades in a ('ommon crusade. He was the adventurer j they were the admiring administrators. He tas the hero j they were the heralds in the homeland of the new missionary program. He was the pathfinder; they were the pioneers of progress. He was the miner; they were his ministers, ministering to him in his necessity.

The pastor is the key to the Foreign )';1issionary program. If the light which he holds in his haud bums clear, his whole church is full of light. If it is smoking' flax, his people can hardly escape being spiritually asphyxiated.

But someone may say, "Of course, this means one more burden placed on the now overburdened conscience of the modern minister." It means no such thing. It means the simplification of his burden by the right adjustment of his perplexing duties. God knows that there is great need for simplifying the burdens of the modern minister. "If theological seminaries," says one of our divinity deans, "were to teach all the courses which their critics suggest, a theolog'ieal student would not go out into his parish younger than Moses when he escaped from Egypt. And even thus he would be so weakened by the cuisine of his educational house of Pharaoh, its table d'hote of political econOmY, political science, hypnotism, basket ball, religious pedagogy, philosophy, biology, higher criticism, practical athletics, advertising, management of moving pictures, the practice of psycho-therapeutics, as to need another forty years of retirement to recover his balance of mind and a practical-minded father-in-law to assist him in leading his "chosen people' out of bondage."

The first thing' an American Indian guide does for a tenderfoot is to adjust and simplify his kit; the first thing the missionary passion will do for the pastor is to unify his ministry. The Christian Church has only one task, one program, one gospel, one great commission. As David Livingstone said long ago, "Christianity requires perpetual propagation to attest its genuineness."

The pastor'R responsibility to the missionary movement iR twofold.

* From an address delivered at the Wa~bington Foreign Missions Convention, .Tanuary 31, 1925. 181

SELF-EDUCATION OF THE PASTOR 1. In the first place it is the duty of the pastor to educate himself. This is a present and pressing and primary necessity. A superficial and traditional acquaintance with world problems will awaken no enthusiasm, and ignorance is not apt to be an instrument in the hands of Almighty God. In our town we are told that when college students have a night off, they toss a coin. If it turns heads they go to a dance; if it turns tails they go to the theater; it it stands on edge they study. Sometimes it would seem, with our complex church organization, that the modern minister is tempted to leave the most vital thing in his ministry to precarious chance. Nothing can take the place of courageous and persistent intellectual inquiry, for the beating out of old straw is not a means of grace to him or to his people. The intellectual renaissance which has brought in the stirring of new life to the Orient and has come in like a flood npon our Western civilization has made necessary an entirely new intellectual approach to the missionary enterprise. The books of yesterday are today obsolete. The only permanent volumes on our missionary shelves are the great biographies. In the new wonderland of missions we must run and run to stay even where we once were. If a way could be devised by which the rank and file of the ministry could be supplied with the best living literature on missions and if we could devise some way by which the ministry would study that literature, our problem would be more easily solved.

It is not possible for many of us to travel and see with our own eyes the miracles of modern missions. It is not always possible for hard-pressed ministers to secure the latest literature. When it is a question of a new book or a pair of new boots for son John, the book has little chance. It ought to be possible for the latest literature, that speaks of those currents that are sweeping around the world, to be put into the hands of our pastors. It ought to be possible for our theological seminaries to do something. It ought to be possible for our mission libraries and our boards to do more, but in the last analysis the responsibility lies with the pastor. Denominational literature is easily available and it ought to be possible for him to keep in touch with the challenging program of his Church. However, it is done, it must be done, for the church will only listen to aHd follow the man who knows.

THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE II. In the second place it is the duty of the pastor to educate his people. This cannot be done without an adequate educational program and such a program involves a fourfold challenge.

1. It challenges the pastor to a program of missionary preaching. Archbishop Temple told his students to preach twenty mission-

THE PASTOR AND 'rH1~ MIS8IONAHY MOVEMENT

ary sermons a year, That is not too many if one is keeping in touch with the far-flung line of battle, That number is not too many for the pastor who is in touch with the world movements today, and above all if he is in touch with his scriptural authority which is his only ministerial guide. The Acts of the Apostles has a movement within it of ever-widening cycles of interest, ever expanding until Paul stands in the very center of imperial Rome, and each one of those cycles ends in a refrain something like this, "And so the word of the Lord grew and was magnified and many were added unto the Church."

If a minister is in touch with world currents the occasion is always arising for the missionary appeal. It may be America's way with Japan, or Europe's way with opium, or the Senate's way with the International Court, or the ebb and flow of movements in China, or the attempt of English adventurers to scale Mount Everest saying, "There it is, and we must catch its secret."

There is nothing like teaching missions to force a minister to study. It has been my pleasure to teach three, sometimes four mission study groups each year. Two of these groups are made up of university and college students and I have found no task so enlarging, so broadening, so able to lift up the head and the heart of both pastor and people.

There is nothing that will tUrn a pastor's face toward the East, and put both heart and hope into a congregation like being compelled to face the radiance of the sun rising in the twilight lands of the world. It is fine to have the Secretaries of the Board come with their far-reaching understanding of modern missionary problems to enlighten and instruct the people. It is always thrilling to have a missionary, direct from the field, speak with authority. It is helpful to have the specialist come with his suggestions for improving missionary methods and increasing missionary gifts, but I would not sell my birthright of missionary educational opportunity for any excellence of imported talent.

This program challenges the pastor to financial oversight. Good business sense and consecrated Christian judgment call for the introduction of the budget system in the local church. It unifies and systematizes the benevolence of the congregation and substitutes order for opportunism. As in the days of His flesh Jesus still sits over against the treasury and I would often take the judgment of my trustees as to a man's loyalty to Christ, rather than the judgment of my elders. I am convinced, however, that the pastor who contents himself with a budget, to the exclusion of the occasional challenge of a great soul-stirring appeal, fails of an adequate financial program. It is the heart that presides over a man's generosities. I had in my church a Scotchman of large means, who had shut out of

his giving the foreign missionary quota. One Sunday in my sermon I called the roll of the great Scotch missionaries. It g1.ves one a thrill to name them :-Robert and Mary Moffat, David Livingstone, Alexander Mackay, Robert Laws, Mary Slessor (you can hardly get out of Africa); Alexander Duff of India, Robert Morrison and William Burns of China, John G. Paton and James Chalmers, an almost endless host. When it was over the silver cords were loosed and the golden bowl overflowed …

This program of education challenges the pastor to prayer. In the days of His flesh, our Lord Jesus fed the great multitude with five barley cakes and a couple of fish. He did it. That is the only miracle (except His resurrection) recorded by all four evangelists and it is significant. It made a deep impression on the disciples. The resources of the early Church were tragically inadequate, but in all their problems) they heard the mandate of Jesus "Bring them hither to Me." In His hands meager resources are magnified. Everything depends on keeping Jesus Christ in the center of our progra~s. For love of Him our people will do and dare anything.

THE CHANGING MISSIONARY MOTIVE The missionary motive through the years has had a changing emphasis. Once it was pity for the great multitude that plunged hourly over the dark precipice into Eternity. Today it is largely fear, and it presses upon us from all sides-racial fear; fear of the possible "rising tide of color"; economical and industrial fear; fear lest the great surplus of raw material in Asia and Africa and the unlimited supply of cheap labor may in time slow down the wheels of our own industrial life j political and military fear j fear of the arming millions of the East who can count hundreds in com- parison with our units. How terribly and tragically inadequate are such motives! A time limit might be set to everyone of them.

One does not need to know intimately non-Christian lands to be fired with missionary zeal. One needs to know Christ and to hold the deathless conviction that He is able to save unto the uttermost.

It was this motive that was sufficient for the great pathfinders of our challenging enterprise.

*' * :if;""

Devotion to Jesus Christ has sent men and women to the ends of the earth and has kept them there. Such devotion is the only adequate motive to inspire the Church to send them and to keep them there today. It is that burning and shining light held aloft in the pulpit that alone can light the path to triumph. When that light burns true, missionary education, missionary recruiting, mis- sionary budgets will all be adequate for the business of the Kingdom.

ONE THIRD OF THE AUDIENCE AT THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION-LARGE GALLERY AND BOXES NOT

of the Washington

A'MISSIONARY'S IMPRESSION-OHRIST AT WASHINGTON T HE great convention at Washington reminded me somewhat of a gathering of Shathaliya dervishes which I once attended in Bagdad. They were seated in a large circle and seeking communion with God and absorption in His supreme greatness. They knelt and repeated incessantly in solemn chorus the Arabic pronoun, "He, He"-no other word, or sound, or thought-the weird reverence of Islamic mysticism.

The apostle, Paul, in the first chapter of Oolossians, is so absorbed in contemplating the glory of Ohrist that he does not even mention His name but only uses the pronoun He.

The convention at Washington was Christo-centric. In its preparation, its personnel, its program, its addresses, its worship of prayer and praise from first to last, from President Ooolidge to Robert E. Speer, Ohr.ist Jesus our Lord was not only prominent but He was preeminent. All topics on the program pointed to Ohrist. He was held up as the solution of the world's problems. He only has the message needed for the individual, for society and for nations. His name is already in India, the Name above every name. He is winning hearts in Africa among primitive peoples and in the provinces of Ohina. The growing native churches find their center and pivot not in Western ecclesiastical systems but in the Universal Ohrist.

One of the most impressive things of the convention was the constant emphasis on what has been called "factual Ohristianity." Early in the sessions one speaker asserted, "The Bible gave us our Ohrist and Ohrist gave us our Bible." Who can forget the devotional hours, as when Dr. Douglas Mackenzie, of Hartford, referred to the facts of Calvary, with the phrase, "See from His head, His hands and feet, sorrow and love flow mingling down"-and asked the dramatic question, "whose sorrow and whose love~" One eaught a new glimpse of the cost of the Atonement to the heart of God. In another hour of intercession Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, of Princeton, held the audience spellbound as he recited the great misr,.ionary passages of the New Testament, woven together into one narrative, ending with a new Hallelujah chorus of the Redeemed from every land and nation.

The Washington convention reminded one of the words of Count Zinzendorf. Ich habe nur ein passion es ist er und er allein. "I have only one passion, it is He and He alone." The chief strength of the Washington convention was that there Jesus Christ was given His rightful place of preeminence.

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, of Cain;.

186 A FOREIGN DELEGATE'S VIEW Missionary conventions seem always to have some quite particular charm. At the Continental conferences – a meeting every fourth year – it is the charm of intimate friendship on the basis of common service and common problems. At the Rochester convention of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1908 it was the wonderful enthusiasm of thousands of young people kindled by a high idealism of world-wide service. At the Edinburgh Missionary Conference it was the feeling of being in touch with all nations round the world in the universal task of building the Kingdom. At the Washington convention I should almost say it was the definitely American character, American at its best.

Here was a crowd of more than five thousand men and women brought together from all states of the Union and from Canada with the firm and definite purpose to concentrate their life and soul, for a whole week, on foreign missions. They filled the large Auditorium at every session long before the beginning of the meeting and long after its end-an almost insatiable prayer for missionary information and living touch with the missionary movement.

Every missionary or board secretary became a center of intense interest, and men like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer and the members of bis family were always in the midst of an interested crowd. An unending series of addresses dwelt on all phases and problems of present-day missions-sixty-two in the official schedule and probably as many more in the section meetings. The Anglican Bishop of St. Albans was quite right when he humorously remarked, that the man or woman who had stood all the addresses, and the rich Washington fare could stand anything. It would be interesting to know how many books full of notes were taken home by the eager delegates! It was often a somewhat puzzling sight from the boxes to see hundreds of eager men and women writing under the spell of wonderful oratory as they probably never had done since college days.

Christian America has a deep impression that the leadership in Protestant missions has become their sacred trust. There is an enormous amount of money available in the churches; its resources must be carefully cultivated. There is a large group of young men and young women who would make an excellent army of missionaries if they are filled with the missionary enthusiasm and are fully equipped for the service. There is wonderful organizing power, which must be utilized for world-wide schemes. There is a broadmindedness of world outlook that is equalled only in England and Scotland, and which should be wisely projected into the world-wide mission field. Of course, not all of the addresses were of an exceptional ex-

rellence, yet very many arose to a high level seldom surpassed in any conference. Many speakers like .Jean Mackenzie or H. C. Mc- Dowell, by the vividity of their humorous description, or like HOll.

N. W. Rowell and Dr. T. Dwight Sloan, by the wisdom and ripenest; of their judgment, or like Dr. John R. Mott and Robert E. Speer, by the overwhelming force and impressiveness of their presentation, kept the large congregation spellbound for hours.

Possibly the insight into the manifold and perplexing problems of present-day missions was not deepened very much by the con- vention, but that was not the aim in view. Yet certainly the inspira- tion and the information supplied so profusely may mark a turning point in the history of Ameriean missions. It was also a wonderful privilege to come in touch with so many men and women of the next generation of leaders, men with sparkling eyes and big hearts, willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of the Kingdom. May God bless them richly.

America has had, in almost all spheres of life, a wonderfully successful career; she has experienced little set-backs, failures, or disappointments. Is it a wonder that a rosy and contagious upti- mism is filling her youthful heart 1 Perhaps it is not surprising that she is underestimating the difficulties and is overestimating her own powers and resources. She has not the experience of old ehurches ripened in hundreds of years of experience. She naturally looks at all central questions, not from the Continental view of past history, but from the standpoint of a self-reliant youth who tries to do his best. It may be well that the leadership of Protestant missions at present is not in the hands of deliberating Continentals, but in those of aggressive Americans. May they be guided aright by the Spirit of God for vVhom they nevcr ceased to pray during the conven- tion days. JULIUS RICHTER, of Bedin.

IMPRESSIONS OF A TEACHER Some of the permanent effects produced on _my soul by the Washington convention are: First, the witness to Christ that we Christians are bearing to the world is lasting and effective only in proportion to the degree in which we live the Christ-life, which in epitome is the life of love.

Second, we as Christians must make the greatest possible effort, as citizens of a so-called Christian nation, that the contact of America with other nations, whether in trade or diplomacy, shall not negative the Christian missionary message, and that most of all must we protest against war as the great enemy of the Christian Gospel. Third, the fields are white unto harvest, doors are wide open, opportunity through cooperation is the greatest possible, and the need of the world is more intense than ever before.

192.5J VIEWS OF THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION ]89

Fourth, Christ is sufficient, the Gospel can and does solve every problem, and by intercessory prayer and giving we can enter into this comradeship of service with our Master for a lost world.

The great address of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, of India, will not soon fade from memory, with his reference to the message of Mahatma Gandhi to those who would win India to Christ: "If you come to us as Christ came to the world, we cannot resist you. Christians, to convert non-Christians, must live more as Christ lived; they must teach the Christian religion without adulterating it or toning it down; emphasis must be placed on love, the central thing in Christianity, as a working force; and lastly, a sympathetic study must be made of the non-Christian religions so that there will be no hlundering approach' to non-Christians by missionaries."

I return to my school, my church, my city, and to the work with men in my denomination determined, with God's help, to make my life count as never before to win men to Christ. One of the great themes of the convention was that for America to do its utmost for missions abroad, we Christians must do our utmost for missions at home, for it is only as America is truly saved that she can go to the Ralvation of the rest of the world.

•J. P. M. CALLIE, Chattanooga, Tennessee.

A PASTOR'S IMPRESSIONS It was my high privilege to be a delegate to the great Foreign Missions Convention at Washington and to attend most of its sessions. I have returned from ,Vashington impressed with the greatness and value of the convention.

It was great in extent, bringing together more than four thou- ~and regularly appointed delegates from all over the United States and Canada, representing practically all evangelical churches, mission boards and other recognized missionary agencies of over twenty-five million Protestant Church members.

It was great in its personnel. That throng who faithfully attended the huge meetings of the convention, morning, afternoon and evening, was a picked company, each selected because of special fitness or special relation to the world task of the Church. The speakers were men and women from all over the world who as mis- Rionaries or Board secretaries or pastors were qualified to speak from first-hand information, and with authority. They deeply moved their audiences with their presentation of facts, and with the power of their appeals.

It was great in its purpuse, which was not the intricate discussion of missionary technique or the formulation of missionary. policies by a group of experts, but rather, the information of the Church at home and its inspiration to a worthy fulfillment of its great task.

It was great in the clear vision of its goal which is nothing less than the evangelization of the whole wide world. No one with his eye on such a goal can be narrow-visioned or self-centered. Every phase of missionary endeavor, whether evangelistic or medical or educational, is important not only because of its immediate local task, but because of its world-wide implications and its place in the world campaign.

Chiefly the convention was great because it centered in the divine Christ. This was the most impressive feature of all. The speakers were from many countries, Occidental and Oriental, they were members of the most diverse branches of the Protestant Church, they represented many differences of church polity and many varieties of creedal expression, and they spoke from the varying points of view of a highly diversified missionary program, but they centered their addresses in the divine Christ. This it was that constituted the unifying power and the inspiring motive of all.

As a result of this convention the churches of North America should be .quickened and led into deeper and more sacrificial devotion to our Lord, and the missionary forces scattered throughout the whole world will find encouragement to press on to that glorious consummation for which unitedly we pray.

MINOT C. MORGAN, of Detroit.

IMPRESSIONS OF AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN Conventions are ordinarily "rubber stamp" affairs. Not so that at Washington, which is ever facing live issues and attempting uncompromisingly to meet them. It was inspiring to see the spirit in which these challenges were received.

A new attitude was manifested towards Oriental culture and civilization. For over a century, missionary propaganda was carried on in the belief that the culture and civilization of the East should be considered as pagan. On that assumption missionaries felt obliged to ignore them, if not to destroy them. But in the Washington convention one observed a new appreciation of the values inherent in Oriental civilization and recognition of the genius of Oriental peoples for things spiritual.

There was also a new desire to appraise Western civilization and no longer to assume that the West had everything worth while. Now Western civilization is being reexamined, in order that the West may take up seriously the task of making herself and her institutions Christian. One sign of this change was the appreciative way in which criticisms from the Orient were received.

The new attitude of the West regarding commercial and territorial expansion is also worthy of notice. While missionaries have been sent out to foreign countries for scores of years, seldom did the Western peoples realize the unspeakable suffering and poverty

VIEWS OF THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION

caused by the ruthless exploitation of the weake~ nations. At Washington the conviction was expressed that the expansion is not to be purely on the commercial, profit-making basis, but on a contributive basis. There was in evidence a recognition that the weaker races needed their natural resources for their own development, and that the stronger nations had no right to exploit them for the sake of amassing wealth.

The application of Christianity to social, economic, racial and mternational problems has been a slow process. At Washington was heard a call for Christian people to mobilize spiritual forces everywhere to fight these collective wrongs. The remedy for this world's ills was shown to be found in Christ. The stand taken on questions, such as that of War, the League of Nations, the World Court, was most encouraging. The convention stood for a compact, not of the people of Nordic descent, but those of human descent, not of the English-speaking peoples, but of people speaking the language of love; a compact not for the preservation of the Anglo-Saxon race, but for the preservation of the human family.

The convention was notable also for the subordination of denominational differences in the facing of a stupendous missionary task. Emphasis was laid on cooperation and the necessity for putting forth a united effort to give Christ to the world. The last meeting faced the challenge of the unoccupied fields, the numerous departments of life, which have yet been scarcely touched by the Spirit of Christ.

The thousands of delegates have doubtless received enough inspiration to put new life into the churches. The presence of thousands of likeminded delegates pressing toward the same goal, motivated by the same high hope, and guided and strengthened by the same Lord, did help us to rise out of our petty selves, to rededicate ourselves to our common task and to take heart afresh for the victories ahead.

JOHN JESUDASON CORNELIUS, Professor of Philosophy., Lucknow University, India.

The only platform speakers at the main meetings of the Ecumenicru Conference twenty.five years ago who also gave addresses on the Washington Convention platform were Drs. Robert E. Speell", John R. Mott, James L. Barton and Mrs. Henry W. PeabOdy. A' number of Qthers took part in seetion conferences o·f botll conventions:. Many prominent missionaries, secretaries, pastors and laymen who. were on the program i,n 19!OO' have since passed into the Heavenlies-John G. Paton, Hudso.n 'faylor, Jacob Chamberlain, Bishop Thoburn, Cyrus Hamlin, Timothy Richards, George E. Post, J am"s C. Hepburn, George Owen, George W. Ohamberlain, Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy, S. B. Capen, Maltbie Babcock, Arthur T'. P,ierson, Charles Ciuthbert Hall, Theodore L.

Cuyler, A. W. Halsey, Judson Smith, Stephen L. Baldwin, Miss Abbie Child, Gustav War· neck of Germany, and R. Wardlaw Thompson of London.

Many subjects discussed at the Ecumenical Coufurenee were scarcely touched npon, if at all, in the Washington Convention-Survey of Progress, Unoccupied Fields, Bible Translation and Distribution, Prayer and Missions, Stewardship and Missions, Relation of Misaions to. Go.vernments, The Drink Problem and the Social Evil, Lessons from the Past Twenty·Five Years, Field Surveys, Non·Christian Religions, and Miracles of Modern Missions. .An example of righteous living den. While missionary effort at the more than the teaching of creeds is outset was confined to giving to people effective missionary work. what they were without, it now ap- pears also to be releasing what was PRESIDENT COOLIDGE. imprisoned within the native mind. .As I conceive it, to understand this 1£ the end in view of Christian aspect of missions is the profoundest missions is the production of Christ- and mos,t delicate of all problems like character around the world, we confronting the Western Church. have no apology to make for that aim, for we know nothing higher for God REV. HARRIS E. KIRK, D.D., or man than to be Christlike. Pastor of Franklin Street Church, Balti- . .. . REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., more, Md.

Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal The finished product of the differ- Church in India. ent faiths might be stated to be as follows: Greece said, "Be moderate The biggest job in the world is to -know thyself." Rome said, " Be make the world what it ought to be. strong-order thyself." Confucian- ism says, "Be superior – correct RT. REV. MICHAEL B. FURSE, D.D., thyself." Buddhism says, "Be disil- lusioned-annihilate thyself." Hin- Bishop of St. Albans, England. duism says, "Be separated-merge thyself." Mohammedanism say s , A mission field is any area of life in "Be submissive – bend thyself." which Christ is a stranger. Judaism says, "Be holy – conform thyself." Modern materialism says, HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, "Be industrious – enjoy thyself. " Modern dilettantism says, "Be broad .. .. .. Lawyer and Statesman, Canada. -cultivate thyself_ " Christianity says, "Be Christlike-give thyself." The message all apostles bring is "the unsearchable riches of Christ." DR. E. STANLEY JONES. We dare not impoverish the Christ of the Gospels. Only the glorious Lord of Life will suffice for the needs of the world. This unexplored wealth in Christ is broad as humanity, long as the eternal purpose of God, deep as Thousands of years ago, Indians the necessities of mankind and high prayed-" From darkness lead me to as the throne of God. light; from ignorance lead me to CANON HENRY J. CODY, D.D., knowledge; from death, I e a d me to immortality." .. .. .. Rector of St. Paul's Church, Toronto. REV. BHASKAR P. HIVALE, There is nothing great that we can say about Christ that we are not pre- .. .. Former Editor of Dnyanodaya, Bombay. pared to say if we know how to say it. …

ROBERT E . SPEER, D.D., Gandhi wmhaedne ha eg rseaal· dt :srre"eTchheofmoanne sentence, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. to whom we owe most, is a man who .. " .. never set his foot in India, namely, Wherever Christ is preached, there Christ. "

we discover new and unsuspected ca- CANON H. J. CODY. pacities in human nature. .All the .. • oil seed develops it draws into itself much Not only is Christianity winning that is latent in the soil; and by giv- converts, but it is exercising a treing it clarity and definiteness it mendolls influence 011 the social life brings to light what was before hid- and thought of the East. India, mov- 192 ing toward Christ, may make a nous modern medical system may be spiritual contribution which the ma- developed. terialistic civilization of the West so woefully needs. T. DWIGHT SLOAN, M.D., PROF. JOHN JESUDASON CORNELIUS, Medical Supt. Peking Union Hospital.

Professor of Philosophy, Lucknow Univer· Because we have made the world so sity. small and close-knit a neighborhood, anything that we can do to help to '*' '*' '*' bring a Christian way of life in indus- try in America will help to make The college women of the East must things better in the East. We know be the ones to build the girls' schools that our own industrial life is far into the life and need of their coun- from what it should be-it is full of try. This is one or their great contri- wrongs which we must right-and the butions and no one but they can make righting of which will have its imit. Let us share with them all we have mediate effect in faraway eountries. won by painful effort and then go on together, working for all the human MARGARET E. BURTON, family. Education Sec.retary of the National Board HELEN K. HUNT, of the Y. W. C. A.

Dean of Women in Judson College, Burma. '*' '*' • The Gospel has focused its white ••• light on moral standards and sanc- tions that wreck character and under- Never in the whole history of the mine society. These standards and Church has such an opportunity been sanctions had gone on unchallenged presented as lies before it today for and unquestioned until the Gospel the training under Christian auspices came to Tokyo. But the Gospel has of the coming leadership of the new challenged these practices hoary with world that is being born. age, has pointed out a better way and the fight to outlaw them is on. DR. JAMES MCCLURE HENRY, REV. WILLIAM AxLING, D.D., President of Canton Christian College. American Baptist Missionary, Tokyo. '*' • '*' .. ;to .. The Orient needs reality in religion; a personal experience of Christ, The Japanese Church will be repin what Chinese describe as the" in- resentative of all classes. A vestrynermost heart." At present the re- man of one church is a member of a ligious faith of Young China has no family of the Imperial household. In fixed stars in its firmament. It is ever a near-by church, two vestrymen are changing with every fresh current of reformed criminals. thought and influence. REV. HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER,D.D., PROF. J. D. MACRAE, Protestant Episcopal Bishop, Tokyo. Dean of School of Theology, Shantung Uni· versity. '*' .. '*' A church without a missionary out- It is manifest on a moment's re- reach is a lighthouse that sheds no flection that we can treat only the light. merest fraction of the sick of the non- Christian world. The entire output …. E. WARNER LENTZ, JR., of all of the schools of medicine and of nursing in the United States and Student Volunteer for Mesopotamia. Canada, if it could be made available, would not meet China's need alone. The Church should be as great a All that the few who can respond to demonstration of spiritual energy as this need can do is to furnish an ex- the trolley is a demonstration of elecample, and by training a few leaders tric energy. of a future medical profession, to lay the foundation on which an indige- RUFUS M. JONES, LL.D., 3 Professor of Philosophy, Haverford College.

The pastor is the key to the foreign It is not enough to believe that the missions enterprise. If his light burns clear, his whole church is full Gospel has pGwer to save men. We of light. If he is a smoking flax, his people are apt tG be spiritually as- must also give that Gospel to those phyxiated. who have it not. Until we have car- REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.D. ried the Gospel to these people, our '" .. '" Shadyside Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh. Practicing Christianity at home is knowledge and faith are in vain. even more essential than preaching it abroad. Sending missionaries to other . . REV. CHARLES E. HURLBURT, D.D., lands is a crazy proposition unless we General Director of the Africa Inland admit that the teachings of Christ which they carry have never been lit- Mission. … erally lived by any nation. The republics of South America ROBERT A. DOAN, have produced illustrious emancipa- tors, eminent scientists, authors, art- '" Manufacturer of Columbus, Ohio. ists, educators and statesmen. Surely … … it is not presumption to contend that the Christ, whose concern for South One of the greatest things that a America is far deeper than ours, will missionary movement could do for the choose and endue with His Spirit men less favored communities would be to and women apt for His use and glory. assure that all who go out from the Christian to the non-Christian com- REV. J. H. McLEAN, D.D., munities should carry with them the spirit, the aims, the purposes, of true Presbyterian Missionary in Chile. Christianity. * * .. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE. I:f this convention is to change the '" … '" mind of our times, to make it more human, mGre Christian and more in- Through the work of American terrelated, then the power to accom- Christian missionaries, thousands have plish this must come through Jesus already been redeemed and now the Christ, our Lord. non-Christians themselves have come to realize their folly and are now JOSEPH H. OLDHAM, M.A., working hard to remove their untouchability. Christianity has thus Editor of the International Review of Mis· not only redeemed many from the un- sions. touchables but, more than that, has brought about a new consciousness of Have we released Christ across the respect for the personality of the in- world today in the fulness of His grace and beauty? '" . dividual, be he poor or rich. PROF. J. J. CORNELIUS. ROBERT E. SPEER. .. Nothing will mean more for the * '" ..

cause of child laborers of China than While there is a movement toward to have the states of America ratify Christ in the Orient, we want to see the child labor amendment to the a similar movement toward Christ in the Occident. . . Constitution. MARGARET E. BURTON. PROF. J. J. CORNELIUS. .. ••• The one thing that Mohammedans need today is a great, passionate out- The Kingdom of God is closer today pouring of love on the part of Chris- than it has been before. If only we could harness the great capacity, the tians. trained energies, the fearlessness, and the devotion of this generation of DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.S., young womanhood! Mis.ionary to Moslems, Cairo, Egypt. MRs. C. K. RoYs, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.

We have learned to appreciate the contributions of wealth, but have we

FROM TH"I'~ WASHINGTON CONVENTION

learned to appreciate the possibilities . 'l'he missionary has faced every posof the gifts of associated poverty 1 SIble type of difficulty and danger in the carrying on of his work-exile JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., disease, opposition, riots, martyrdom' and every sort of peril by land and General Secretary, National Council Y. sea. Wherever he has gone churches M. C. A. have sprung up, hospitals have been built, sehools have been opened and '" … '" new and worthier life has come into existence. Material debts are paid to those we owe; spiritual debts are never paid REV. JAMES ENDICOTT, D.D., directly to the One we owe. General Secretary Met hod i s t Society, CANON H. J. CODY, D.D. Canada.

'" … '"

Only one motive is adequate to send men to foreign fields and to keep them there-love and loyalty to the Have I a rig'"ht '"to a""ppropriate for Lord Jesus Christ. selfish purposes .the things that have REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.D., come to me by the accident of birth rather than to use them for the benefit As long as the'"re i*s a *divided Church, of those to whom they are denied'

Christianity must linger on the edges of the distracted restless masses of the WALTER R. JUDD, M.D., races of the earth. Student Volunteer for China.

R. A. DOAN. I am going o'"ut 't"o T"" urkey to teach '" * • and to heal because Jesus Christ is so real to me and so precious as a friend You cannot despise your creeds and Lord that I must share Him with and cast aside your theologies and others. keep your religion. We need to carry the water of life in vessels, but Ori- LYNDA GOODSELL, ental Christians can carry their Chris- Student Volunteer for Turkey. tianity in the vessels that God has given them. Win the pres'"ent'" ge"n" eration of stu- REV. HARRIS E. KIRK, D.D. dents to Christ and you have won the We shall nev*er '"beg'"in to interpret world.

or understand the unsearchable riches REV. JAMES MCCLURE HENRY, D.D. of Christ unless men and women of "Christian c'"olle'"ge '"wornen of Asia every race, of every color and or hold a large part of the future of the every land make their own contribu- Far East in their hands. They are tion to that interpretation and find in determined to have something to say that unexplorable wealth that which about the working out of the great especially expresses their genius. problems of their countries." CANON H. J. CODY. HELEN K. HUNT.

The world is 'l"ook'"ing'" to America for "We mnst b'e" p'"rep$ared to confess that Oriental dislike for Western leadership, for the uplift of humanity civilization is well founded; that and for bringing about a Christian superficially it appears to him as social order. In proportion as Amer- ugly, horrid, without philosophic ica meets this situation the gospel of direction or moral control, and alto- Christ will progress in the Orient. gether too much of this world. To allow the impression to become fixed J. J. CORNELIUS, that civilization and Christianity are Of India.

The greatest problem of the mis- not only identical, but that one is the sionary enterprise is how to preserve fruit of the other, is forever to block and multiply the finest type of mis- the way for the understanding of sionary intelligence and devotion. Christ and the GospeL" HARRIS E. KIRK. ROBERT E. SPEER.

MEMOHIAL SERVICE. F IFTEEN THOUSAND MEN AT NAVAL AIR

SAN L'IEGO Men of the U. S. Navy at San Diego BY REV. FLOY THORNTON BARl~MAN, D.D., SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Baptist Representative Among U. S. Service Men SHALL the thousands of enlisted men in the United States navy be cut off from the privileges of Christian training, worship and service because of their enlistment in the service of their country? Some of the Christian bodies have answered, "No," and in addition to regular chaplains are carrying out a definite religious and educational program of work among enlisted men. On the Pacific Coast for over six years the Baptists, through the cooperation of the Home Mission Society and the Southern California Baptist State Convention, have carried on a broad, Christian work in which there has been cooperation with captains, commanders and chaplains. The main purpose is to establish a shore connection, Christian and normal, for the sailors, soldiers and marines, when on leave or off duty.

1'he chaplains, appointed by the various denominations and officially commissioned by the Government, are too often neglected by religious bodies, but these fine-spirited and well-equipped men need the support of Christian society and the local churches. To these men has been assigned the task of presenting the cause of Christ to thousands of young, red-blooded American youth, and there is no greater missionary challenge.

The naval base at San Diego, California, is second only to Washington as a naval administrative center, and is unexcelled by any other city or port in the United States for the number and 196

1925J MEN OF THE U. S. NAVY A'f SAN DIEGO

variety of its government establishments. Approximately twenty- five millions of dollars have been expended by the Navy at San Diego for permanent buildings, sidewalks, sewage, grading, etc., and millions more will be needed to complete present plans. At this port over two million, five hundred thousand dollars are spent monthly by the Navy for supplies. The monthly payroll exceeds two million dollars. These men become all-round workmen, and in time are skilled machinists, musicians, electricians, bookkeepers, stenographers, bakers, olacksmiths, carpenters, barbers, and tailors. Among the officers we find doctors, ministers, statesmen, writers and executives.

San Diego is the home port for over one hundred and seventy government ships, including destroyers, cruisers, tenders, submarines, aircraft detachments, tugs, and other types of war-craft. On these ships are to be found thous'ands of men who are away from their home environment, and who have within their breasts the ideals taught them by: their mothers, fathers, and Sunday-school teachers. Men of virility and strong purpose they are, and they should be claimed for the Kingdom of God. The writer has had the privilege of making many contacts with these men, through religious meetings, correspondence, and the personal touch.

Oscar, a big, over-grown Swedish lad, ready to fight at the drop of a hat, was, nevertheless, a friend of everyone. He had left most of the old religion with his "civies" when he exchanged them for "blues" some -two years previous. One day home was mentioned, his father and mother, the Sunday-school class, and early ideals. He became a warm friend of the writer. We found some old census cards of the "D. S. Ship –," his ship, and after getting permission to use one of the officers' quarters, the writer began to talk with some of Oscar's friends, whose names were found on the cards. As a result, a revival of interest in religion broke out on that ship; men began to send for their church letters, and many others made their confession of a new life in Jesus Christ, and united with the church for the first time. Oscar was one of the number and the last we knew of him he was true to his new faith.

Three out of the four young men who have recently been president of the Young People's Society at the First Baptist Church of San Diego were service men who united with the church, married Christian girls and established homes. One of these young men is now the president of the young people's work for two counties in Southern California.

The U. S. Naval Training Station was erected at a cost of over three millions of dollars. It contains a group of twenty-eight buildings where over two thousand young men are received, trained and sent out for sea duty every two lUonths. The commanding officer

and his fellow officers including the station chaplain, are doing a fine piece of work with these lads whose average age is about eighteen. Practically all men enlisting in the Navy, west of the Mississippi River, are sent to this station for their early training and we find many discouraged and homesick lads among them.

Many friends are made among them as a result of personal letters and calls while they are in the Detention Camp. God has smiled down into many a lad's heart as he has been led to accept his mother's Christ as his own Lord and Saviour. The Army and Navy are not reform schools for wayward boys; they are rather the training schools where men are prepared for different trades, which they may engage in while in the service, or in civil life.

Aviators.-Practically all of the naval aviation activities on the Pacific Coast are centered at the Naval Air Station on North Island, just across the bay from San Diego. This spacious and ideal land- ing field covers five hundred acres of land. It is possible for the men stationed here to fly practically every day throughout the year.

Over four millions of dollars have been spent at this station on per- manent buildings, equipment, etc. – At Rockwell Field, which is a part of North Island, is located the Army aviation field. This was the terminal point for the first non-stop transcontinental air flig-ht. It was also at this field that the" round the world fliers" started their epoch-making flight, with Rockwell Field planes and men. For many months the writer conducted a weekly religious service at this field, with a regular attendance of over two hundred men. The most severe test, mental and physical, is given to applicants in this branch of the service.

Many of these men have met the spiritual test as well.

An aviator of the finest type, brave, tall and handsome, had be- come careless about writing home. The small hours of the morn- ing would find him "turning in." Through weeks of growing friendship with the writer, there came a day when a note of warn- ing could be sounded. What if the folks, especially mother, were to know of the fast pace he was going~ How long could he keep it up and yet be a 100 per cent aviator, physicaUy~ Mac had been an active member of a church back east, and in time we succeeded in helping him to find new friends in the church in San Diego.

Once more the challenge of Christ came to his heart, and one Sunday evening Mac decided to renew his vows with God, send for his church letter, and begin again to let his life COUllt for .Jesus Christ.

Marines.-Some of the finest marine barracks in the world are to be found in San Diego. They are equipped to accommodate 5,500 officers and men, and were built at a cost of about five mil- lions of dollars. New recruits in this branch of the service are trained at this station and are then sent out to police our govern-

1 MEN OF T;HE U. S . N AVY AT SAN DIEGO

ment ships. They come from some of the best homes in our country, and it would take a book to tell of the interesting experiences which the writer has had with these men.

Hospita.ls.-In beautiful Balboa Park is located the U. S. Naval Hospital, housing more than 1,000 beds and costing over five millions of donars. This is the finest naval hospital to be found anywhere in the world, and San Diego is rightfully proud 'of this great institution for the relief of sick and suffering service men. The U. S. Veterans' Bureau Hospital, located at Camp Kearney, twenty miles from San Diego, has about 400 tubercular patients. The writer is the Protestant chaplain at this hospital, in addition to his other REV. F. T. BARKMAN AND A GROUP OF CHAPLAINS AT SAN DIEGO duties. It is from this place that one comes away with a heavy heart, always reminded of the fact that the price of the last awful war has not yet been fully paid.

At this writing there are 23,000 patients in hospitals under the Veterans' Bureau, in our land. Practically all of these patients are World War veterans, and are most deserving of our thoughts, efforts, and prayers.

To these activities at San Diego must be added those at the U. S. Submarine Base; the War College for Destroyer Force Officers; Headquarters for the Eleventh Naval District, housed in a seven-story business block costing two millions of dollars; Eleventh Oavalry Oamp; Fort Rosecrans; Coast Guard Outter

Operating Base; Electrical, Bakery, Musicians' and Yeoman's Schools, and the Destroyer Base.

San Diego is in reality the operating base for all naval activities on the Pacific Coast. When" at home" the superdreadnaughts (battleships) of the Pacific waters, are stationed at San Pedro. But they are continually on the move. The Navy men touch all the ports along the Pacific North American Coast. It is the policy of the churches up and down the coast to make these men feel at home with them while in port, all the way from Vancouver, Seattle, San Francisco, Vallejo, and San Pedro, to San Diego. Special mention should be made of the work which the young people of Oakland, Berkeley, San Francisco, and San Diego, have done in being friendly toward the service 'men, and in heading up a great program for them. The chaplains also are doing a praiseworthy piece of work and a spirit of real Christian cooperation is being manifested by them.

In San Diego some months ago, Walter, who was a yeoman (secretary to the captain) on one of the government ships stationed in the harbor, came into my office to say good-bye. He said: "I shall never forget the time when I first went to church in San Diego." Then he told me this story: "I shall never forget that evening. It was about 5: 30 P. M., when the young people were having a social before the B. Y. P. U. meeting, and I had drifted in because I had heard some other fellows tell what good times they had there. I had been in this church twice before after coming from the Atlantic Coast on my ship, and had failed to get acquainted, but decided that I would try it once more. Some way I couldn't seem to fit in with the crowd, and was about to get my hat and leave, when you saw me and immediately sensed the situation. You soon introduced me to a number of the young people, and I decided to remain' through the evening. After that I made many other friends here at the church, was soon attending regularly, and later sent for my church letter and became a member here. I surely shall be glad to get back from this trip south with the fleet."

I wished him Godspeed and remarked that I was sure it was going to be a most interesting experience. In the course of time Walter came back from the southern cruise and immediately threw himself into the work of the Young People's Society, of which he was soon elected president. He chose a Christian girl for his wife, and is now one of the coming business men of this city, respected and admired by all who know him.

Surely this is a work wotth while, and one with far-extending influence that cannot be fully estimated.

New Conception of Home Missions*

REV. JOHN M. MOORE, D.D. Pastor of the Marcy Ave. Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.

T o discover what actual changes have taken place in the con- ception of Home Missions during the past twenty-seven years, I have compared the reports of a representative Board for 1897 and 1924. The Report of the Baptist Home Mission Society for 1897 indicates six major interests-the support of Englishspeaking missionaries, toward which an amount was appropriated in excess of one half of the total receipts for general purposes; the erection of church buildings; Negro education; Indian missions; Spanish-speaking work (Mexico); and missionary work among the older immigrant groups, Scandinavian, German, French, and Chinese. Less than $2,000 was expended that year for work among the later European immigrants. So far as that Report shows, I could not discover that any Home Mission work was being done except by Baptists. I found no hint of cooperation either in counselor work.

Turning to the Report for 1924, I find references, some of them quite extended, to the following (I cite only new things unreported in 1897): The study of rural conditions, with the information that in five states there are directors of town and county church work; courses of study for missionaries; the study of tendencies in American foreign-speaking groups; a paragraph on migrant populations and one on radio evangelism; a reference to the effect upon western states of national and world-wide economic conditions; an extended statement concerning the need for the development of Christian charitable institutions; and a report of the social work being done in thirty-two Christian centers, social centers that give a frankly Christian message. The following paragraph suggests the social influence on community life exerted by these comparatively new agencies of Home Missions: "The centers are known by the fact that wherever they operate, home life becomes more happy and more helpful. The children are taught many things of service to the homes. The community spirit is lifted to a higher level. The people are taught to seek the betterment of their own neighborhood, and nationalities learn to cooperate. Child life is enriched and made safer. Juvenile delinquency is distinctly on a decline where there are Christian centers. The American element of the city, through contact with the center, are made to appreciate the foreign element a little more, and their active cooperation for community betterment is secured. In other words the centers help America .assimilate its foreign population. Perhaps the most important phase of the whole situation is the fact that the foreign-born are helped to a more friendly and correct interpretation of Protestantism in • From the Home Missions Conference. Atlantic City.

20l

America. The Christian center presentation of Christian truth and brotherly love is unique and convincing, and many of a shattered Christian faith have their faith restored to them, with a new note of understanding and love of God."

Many pages of this Report are devoted to cooperative work, including enthusiastic approval of the fruitage of the cooperative service in the western states fostered bv the Home MissiollR Council, of which Montana is a conspicuou~ example; with refer- ences also to the Committee on New Americans, the Travelers' Aid Society, the Student Fellowship for Christian Life Service, the In- dian Rights Association, the World Alliance for the Promotion of International Fellowship through the Churches, the Institute of Social and Religious Rlesearch. There, are frequent references to the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, including its Commission on Race Relations, its work for temperance, for friendship between Christians and Jews, for a better conduct througb cooperation of financial and fiduciary matters connected witt church and benevolent organizations. The Society also now has a Depart- ment of Evangelism and a Department of Church Architecture.

On the basis of this brief review (which could be duplicated in the work of any of the Home Mission Boards) what underlying cur- rents can we discover in American Christian thought and ideals w'hich have resulted in this new conception of Home Missions 1 There seem to me to be three conspicuous causes: 1. The unescapable requirement of the scientific method.

The change from deductive to inductive reasoning which during the period under review has proceeded so rapidly, and, so far, is revolutionizing Christian thought and work. "What are the facts?" is the question with which we are now challenged, and no man who has regard for intellectual integrity will seek to evade this challenge. Well established precedent must yield to scientific scrutiny. Hoary theories and even holy practices are commanded to halt and give the password before they may proceed. The sentry is Truth. The . password is Reality.

My Home Mission faith as a young pastor ill 1897 was very simple. There were precious souls to be saved in regions where the churches were feeble, or were as yet non-existent, including pagan Indians in America without hope and without God in the world. God's agency for their salvation was the Church; the method was the "foolishness of preaching"; the dynamic was the Gospel. Baptist churches held and preached this Gospel in its purest form. Their ecclesiastical organization and practice were Scriptural and regular, and therefore effective and bound to be ultimately triumphant in American life. Out .of these convictions

THE NEW CONCEPT:ION OF HOME MISSIONS

it was easy to develop major and minor premises which led to the inevitable conclusion that Baptist churches must give money to the Home Mission Society which should be used in organizing Baptist ('hurches, building Baptist meeting liouses, and supporting Baptist preachers, with a view to giving every man, woman and child a chance to experience salvation and ultimately reach Heaven by the good, safe Baptist way.

This was not quite the whole story. There was a place for education in this philosophy. It seemed particularly necessary that among the Negroes, then only a generation out of slavery, and the Indians in their pagan illiteracy, there must be established schools, particularly with a view to the training of the leadership which their complete evangelization required.

In 1925 it is conceivable that this same minister might hold the same convictions, but if he has imbibed the modern spirit that rules in every other sphere of human thought, he would arrive by a different road. He would not now take so many things for granted. The good old Baptist way is better than others, if at all, not because of its theory, but because of its practice. The best church is the one that produces the best life. The church itself, any church, is a good agency for the saving of men if and only if it is actually able . to transform character. The preaching of the Gospel may be found to include vastly more than the pronouncing of two formal discourses each Sunday from a sacred desk. Man was not made for methods, but methods and institutions and program were made for man, and must be adapted to every fresh discovery of human need and reaction. Hence the new conception of Home Missions makes a good deal of surveys. It insists on knowing the facts and creating a program in harmony with the facts, rather than to construct the program in conformity with preconceived theory, and superimpose it upon individuals or communities, with the naive assumption that whatever will nOt adjust itself to our obviously wise and correct theories is to be charged to the stubbornness of uuregenerate human nature.

Our modern Home Missions practice is coming to be affected quite widely by this new scientific attitude. Much of so-called survey work may still be superficial but the principle involved is accepted generally, and there is a growing reverence for facts as determinative of missionary policy.

2. The irresistible challenge of the social ideal.

When I came to the 25th anniversary of my ordination to the gospel ministry, I preached a sermon in which I spoke of some of the rather significant omissions which I had discovered in re-reading the statement of faith and views of Bible doctrine which I pre-

sented to the Ordination Council. I found paragraphs on Election, Regeneration, Justification, Sanctification, Perseverance, and even the Final State, but none on the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. The intense individualism that had displaced the great social con- ception of the Kingdom of God which Jesus made central in His teaching was a reflection of the dominant theological emphasis of the time from which we are only slowly escaping through a better understanding of the teaching of Jesus. He magnified individual life and character, but made it the basis on which to build a new social order. He said so much about the future as to make us sure that He believed in the continuity of life, but so little as to make us equally sure that His interest was centered in the creation of a new earth in which dwelleth righteousness. Heaven on high meant . much to Him, but heaven on earth was His supreme passion. The personal "safety first" slogan of so much of the evangelism of twenty-five years ago is not stressed in Jesus' evangelism. On the contrary, Jesus said that" he that saveth his life shall lose it." It is this aspect of the Gospel that the tragic world changes we have seen in recent years make imperative for our time. The old in- dividualism has broken down.

Even were one to grant that we have so long refused to try Jesus' way in social action, the way of the Golden Rule, the way of the Good Samaritan, the way of Calvary, and that our social mal- adjustments have advanced so far that it may be impossible now to avert the downfall of our civilization which, like its predecessors, must go down to ruin because it rested on selfishness and force and the acquisitive spirit, that can only mean that God will have to try again, and out of the ruins will emerge sometime a race of men made wise by experience to try the "proposal of Jesus," to enter the "untried door." Whether that day come soon or late apart from world tragedy or through world tragedy there can be no peace for the world until it does come. The Gospel of the kingdom pro- claimed by Jesus is the real old Gospel. It is the power of God unto world salvation.

To accept this social interpretation of the Gospel is, by no means to repudiate individual conversion or the need of cultivating personal character. The alternative choice between the social gospel and personal religion which is often pressed upon us is thoroughly false. Its practical consequences are extremely grave. Jesus' great social aim is the Kingdom of Heaven on earth, but of the good seed he asserts, "these are the children of the kingdom." He proposes to transform the world by sowing it thick, not with Bibles or creeds or organizations, but with folks of a particular type, children of the Kingdom. "Except a man be born again he cannot see the kingdom of God." This is not so much a declaration of the terms

THE NEW CONCEPT[Ol' OF HOME MlSSIONS

of personal salvation, as a simple statement of spiritual law, that only those illumined by the divine light can see, can grasp, can appreciate the implications, the demands, the glories of the Kingdom of God, or endure the strain of its difficult but highly rewarding service.

To the scientific method plus the social ideal is to be added another element in the new conception of Home Missions: 3. The irrepressible spirit of coopera.tion.

Twenty-five years ago we were living in days of fairly complete denominational segregation and competition. We do not yet foresee the day of anytl.ing corresponding to complete denominational amalgamation. Many think that we shall never have organic union. Some of us do not even desire it. However that may be, the days of cooperation are here. Denominations may still exist without apology, but sectarianism must now contend with a well-established Christian public opinion for its right to continue to set separate bodies of the one Church over against each other as rivals and competitors. The number of agencies, inter-denominational and undenominational, which our latest Annual Report felt it necessary to mention in order to give a full statement of the work of this Board, tells a story that is most enheartening.

We do not plead for uniformity in ritual or organization or statement of creed. Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. Real Christian unity is born of the Spirit, and can never be artificially produced. But we protest against the sectarian spirit, the spirit that makes of nonessentials effective barriers to Christian fellowship. A further question remains. In bluntest form, it is this-"Well, what of iU" A new conception of Home Missions has arisen. It is the result of new currents of life that have affected all things not excluding religion. The scientific method, the social passion, the cooperative spirit, these are at work in the world. They are creating a new earth. It would be extremest folly to ignore them in constructing missionary policy.

Let me venture at this point a definition of the new Home Missions. The new Home Missions undertakes, on the basis of carefully ascertained facts as to spiritual and social conditions, to realize in the total life of America the ideals of Jesus Christ, through the cooperation of all the agencies that make for personal character and human brotherhood with each other and with the living Spirit of God. If this is what we are driving at, we have a task that is simply stupendous. We cannot measure the value of Home Missions any longer by the number of neW churches organized or the number of new church buildings erected. The test is an intensive one. Are

we laying hold of American life and changing its spirit and aim 1 Are we allaying prejudice and promoting good will? Are we reducing conflict between races and classes by promoting the spirit of brotherhood ~ Are we enriching home life? Are we helping to get the service ideal into a dominant place in commerce and industry, and in education and the arts7 Are we creating a chivalrous America that will cheerfully take its full part in relieving world need and solving world problems 1 These are some of the tests by which, according to the new conception of Home Missions, our efficiency will henceforth be measured.

And this means that Home Mission Boards will increasingly have responsibility for self-supporting churches as well as those receiving aid. The dictum credited to D. L. Moody, that "it is better to set ten men to work than to do the work of ten men," may be paraphrased for us to read, that it is better to set ten churches to work in their own fields than to stimulate them to raise enough money to support ten missionaries. The new conception of Home Missions makes of Mission Boards not simply, as in the past, agents through which the self-supporting churches work by proxy for the Christianization of America, but agencies through which all the Christian forces of the country are correlated, and their collective energy is applied at the points of greatest need and opportunity.

It means, moreover, that Home Missions must cast out every remaining vestige of denominational pride and sectarian rivalry. The sort of thing that we are set to do cannot be done in the old competitive way. If our aim were to gather out of the total population people of particular temperamental or theological or ecclesiastical bias, and unite them in separate congenial companies, the old organization and method would be perhaps all that is required. If it be the total life of America that we are seeking to transform, then nothing short of the total forces and resources of the whole Church will suffice. In the larger social field to which the new conception of Home Missions calls us, the problems and the needs are of a sort with which our common sectarian differences have little or nothing to do. These are concerned with orders and ordinances and organization and theological niceties and philosophical subtleties. The big human world that calls us is concerned with life and that which makes for its abundance. And this is Jesus' concern. He came to show a new way of life and to empower men to find it and reproduce it.

The new conception of Home Missions has not yet won full aeceptance with missionary administrators, much less with our great constituencies. Herein lies, perhaps, our first and most urgent duty -an educational task. The claims of the scientific method, the

THE NEW CONCEPTJON OF HOME MISSIONS

sorial ideal, the cooperative spirit must be given a conspicuous place in our arn)l'oa<"11 to the churches. We shall fiud more sympathy there perhaps than we expect. At least we shall find a large and growing body of intelligent public opinion that is ready to support every well-considered effort to promote cooperative work.

The new conception of Home Missions must somehow get itself established as did the new Grand Central Station (to use Dr. Paul Douglas's illustration) without interruption of traffic. All the while the work of rebuilding prGceeded the trains kept running. We must not allow conservatism to. prevent the building of the new structure, nor may we permit radicalism to demoralize the service. Especially must w,e be on our guard lest the things that were good in the old conception be left behind. Prove all things, certainly, in accordance with newest and truest scientific method, but hold fast that which is good no matter if it be hoary with the aging of the centuries. Most of all must we keep Christ central in our missionary motive. By the Sea of Galilee He saw much people and from His deeply moved heart He pleaded with His disciples for prayer- for laborers. This was Home Missions. These were the lost sheep of the house of Israel. When the Greeks came seeking Him from a far country, He was still more deeply stirred, and' cried aloud of a vision of all men coming to Him. He went to the cross because missions m~ant more to Him than Hfe, following unshrinkingly the path of pain that led through Pilate's Hall and Gethsemane to Calvary and the grave in the garden of Joseph. The great author of the Epistle to the Hebrews asserts that He continues to wait expecting the triumph of His way of life over all that exalts itself against love. It is the supreme business of every Mission Board and every church and. every disciple to help end that long term of waiting when the day of His believing expectation shall dawn, and there shall be a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness, and He shall see of the travail of His soul and shall be satisfied.

ALL THINGS TO ALL MEN Christ was a home missionary, in the hOUBe of LazarUB. Christ was a foreign missionary, when the Greeks came to Him. Christ was a city missionary, when He taught in Samaria. Christ was a Sunday school missionary, when He opened up the Seriptures and sent men to studying the Word of God. Christ was a children's missionary, when He took them in His arms and blessed them. Christ was a missionary to the poor, when He opened the eyes of the blind beggar. Christ was a missionary to the rich, wilen He opened the spiritual eyes of Zaccheus. Even on the cross, Christ was a missiolll'.I'Y to the robber, and His last command was the missionary commission. -Amo·s. R. Wells.

Christianity in

BY W~ REGINALD WHEELER, NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Presbyterian Boarel of Foreign Missions I N an article in the November, 1924, issue of the Atlantic Monthly, R. G. Cleland discusses the problem of self-government in Mexico. He enumerates the serious obstacles that have blocked the path of self-government, surveying the question of race, in which the Indian blood predominates; the lack of education among the people; the isolation and lack of adequate means of communication from which the country suffers; the failure of Mexican society to develop a middle class; the lack of training and tradition of selfgovernment; the lack of capable and unselfish leaders, and the lack of definite political parties.

He quotes H. G. Ward, the earliest of the British historians of )lexico, who wrote in 1827, "No constitution, even if it came down from Heaven with the stamp of perfection upon it, could eradicate at Once the vices engendered by three centuries of bondage, or give the independent feelings of free men to a people to whom until lately the very name of freedom was unknown," and applies these remarks, written a century ago, to the situation today. But Mr. Cleland at the close of his' article strikes another note: "To some degree offsetting these conditions, one gladly confesses that a new spirit is abroad in Mexico today which is profoundly affecting the great masses of the common people. It manifests itself in a great variety of ways, chiefly up to this time along social and economic lines. But no one can as yet define this spirit or say precisely what it is. It may be like the wind that comes before the dawn. It may be like the leaven that leaveneth the whole lump. It may be the forerunner of that ordered liberty and genuine self-government for which the distressed nation has waited these hundred years."

This new spirit is expressed in the words "penciled on a pillar of the Bordo Garden at Cuernavaca" during the early stages of the revolution, when the peons were trying to win in their fight for the "land to the peon" program. "Es mas honroso morir de pie que vivrir de rodillas." (Better to die standing than to live kneeling).1 As has been said of a somewhat similar revolutionary movement in another part of the world, We may look upon the waste incident to this contest with a sigh, but never with a sneer.

Toward the solution of these problems, and especially in the contribution it may make toward the new spirit in Mexico, the Protestant movement can do much. The aim of foreign missions is -;-The Social Revolution In Mexico, E. A. RoSS, pp. 22, 23, 124, 125. 208 neither political nor civil, nor economic, but in the carrying out of the missionary objective there are political and civil and economic implications of the greatest significance. The difficulties of any solution of the situation in Mexico cannot be denied. "The Indian of Mexico does not leap from a state of peonage into an independent economic condition by the simple process of accepting the Gospel or by the process of acquiring a piece of land for his own. How to find for these people a method of support that will free them at once from the slavery of the old church (often they lose their work when they become Christians) and from the slavery of the age-long peonage, constitutes a difficult problem indeed."

The Protestant Church in Chiapas has had a successful experience in helping its members achieve the status of landowners. Progress has been made in establishing the Colony of Eiselben with good farming land, and attention has been given to the local situation by the governmental authorities in Mexico City. An official in the Department of Agriculture, in his letter dated November 8, 1921, wrote, "I was able to see the sub-secretary of Agriculture for the purpose of seeing what had come of the plan for promulgating the colonization law. I was informed they were about to send a law of colonization to the Chamber of Deputies in which it is planned to adopt your system for the agrarian colonies which have been formed under the protection of the educational and religious work of your mission." (Signed by the Civil Engineer M. Castellanos Ruiz.) Such land-owning colonies ought to be multiplied wherever Protestant communities grow up in Mexico.

In education, especially of an industrial type, the Protestant Church ought to be able to contribute much toward the improvement of the standard of living, both material and spiritual, of the great mass of Mexican people. In the school recently established at Telixtlahuaca reference is made to this aspect of educational service. The cooperative plan for the work of the Protestant Church in Mexico, outlined at Cincinnati in 1914, advised the establishment of eight agricultural and industrial schools throughout the country, but there is much still to be done in carrying out this program. Most helpful initial service is being rendered in the medical line in the hospital at Puebla, but much more should be done throughout Mexico in this type of work which] reflects so closely the spirit of the Master.

Wherever foreign missions have gone they have included in their range of activities these and many such types of service, but it is in the realm of the spirit that the Protestant Church can make its greatest liberating and energizing contribution. Mr. Ross has depicted the contrast in the spirit of the peon before and after the revolution. "I suspect the main root of the peon's apathy is social.

4

No future beckons him. Above he sees glorious beings lolling on the heights of the sun, free from his limitations and worries, but he finds no ladder by which to climb to them. Ambition, if ever it lived in his heart, has been dead in him since boyhood. He is like a watch without a mainspring because he is withuut hope.

"The Mexican masses live without an idea of what they are missing. With education how they would thrill to good music! How hang on drama I But it is their lot to be ox-men; to lead grey lives; to sit for hosts of empty hours huddled in a serape watching time pass. Melancholy and subdued, uneager, unlit, unstimulated, never gay or bubbling or enthusiastic save as alcohol makes seem to vanish the blank walls of the cell in which they are shut.

"The chief blessing from the revolution is the New: Spirit. Penury is still the lot of the common laborer, but there is now fire in his heart, hope in his eye. Full well he knows that his children are not to be serfs. The will to be free has broken the fetters which appeared to be forging in the later period of Diaz. Myriads daily go ill fed to work just as toilsome as ever, but they mind it less because, far and faint, they hear a song of good cheer. Sullen or desponding they are not, for the laws and the Government are not against them as erstwhile, and they realize that the future is in their own hands. ,,2 In immortal verse, whose prophecy has become history in recent years in Europe, Edwin Markham has described a figure that might well stand for the peon of Mexico today, with all the pathos of the oppression which he has endured during these past four centuries, the transcendent transformation now in progress, and the terror that might emerge out of a misdirection of this whole movement, unless the process is redeemed and controlled by the Spirit of the One whose service is perfect freedom, who is the Way, the Truth and the Life, for peon and patron, for the bond-servant and for the free.

"Bowed by the weight of centuries he leans Upon his hoe and gazes on the ground, The emptiness of ages in his face, And on his back the burden of the world.

.. " "

,'0 masters, lords and rulers in all lands, 'How will the future reckon with this man? How answer this brute question in that hour When whirlwinds of rebellion shake the world ~ How will it be with kingdoms and with kings- With those who shaped him to the thing he' is- When this dumb Terror shall reply to God After the silence of the centuries Y"

~e Social Revolution in Mexico, E. A. Ross, pp. 22. 23, 124, 125.

Fraser, of Living-stonia

A Personal Sketch of the Leader of .~lissionary TVark in Central Africa BY W. P. LIVINGSTONE, EDINBURGH, Author of "Mary SlessoT of CaJabar," Etc.

T HE REV. DONALD FRASER was born in 1870 in the Free Chnrch manse of Lochgilphead, Scotland. This Argyllshire village was then the center of a large and populous district, and the seat of an important fishing industry. As a boy Donald Fraser used to watch the coming and going of forty fishing vessels, connected with herring fishing which has now almost disappeared from Loch J:i1yne. The fishermen are now scattered over the world's seas as captains, mates and sailors. The country is being steadily depopulated, like so many of the rural districts in the Highlands; and the village, though the center of county administration and the scene of a weekly market, has fallen on sluggish days.

Donald Fraser's father, the Rev. William Fraser, a man of exceptional character, was one of the great preachers of West Scotland. He left a golden name behind him and the memory' of his personality is still vivid over a wide region.

Lochgilphead was the scene of frequent revivals in the old days. A memorable series of meetings occurred soon after Mr. Fraser, Sr., was settled in 1861, out of which came a remarkable band' of elders, everyone of whom was able to conduct a service. His son Donald witnessed two of these movements, which deeply impressed his imagination. The fishermen were ch~efly affected, and exhibited the change in their lives. In the evenings out in the loch, before the nets were cast, family worship was held, and the sound of psalm-singing came floating over the waters from every boat.

'It is interesting that Donald Fraser, who cares so little for ecclesiastical divisions and has succeeded in uniting so many commnnions in common work, was the product of a village where church rivalry is dominant. In the little community of 900 there are today seven different denominations – Episcopal, Church of Scotland, United Free Church, Free, Free Presbyterians, Baptists, and Roman Catholics.

Donald Fraser was educated at Lochgilphead Public School and then at the High School, Glasgow; thence he passed to Glasgow University and the Free Church College where he had as associates a number of students who have since distinguished themselvesincluding Prof. James Moffatt, Principal Bruce Taylor, Dr. Nicol 211

Macnicol (India), and the Revs. G. A. F. Knight and R. B. Douglas (East London).

Into his later college days came an outside interest which interrupted his studies and largely determined the trend of his career. This arose through an address given at Keswick by Mr. Robert P. Wilder, who described the Student Volunteer Movement which had been organized in America. Some Scottish students invited him to Edinburgh and Glasgow, where, in 1892, the Student Volunteer Missionary Union was started. Young Fraser was one of the founders, and threw himself enthusiastically into the work. He became travelling secretary, visiting the colleges and arousing great interest in the missionary cause, as well as creating intercollegiate ties that deepened the spiritual life of the students. Out of his own classmates-twenty-two in number-thirteen volunteered for the foreign field; of these, seven went abroad, the others being rejected either on medical grounds or because there were no vacancies available when they finished their course. During this period he also visited America, attending the Student Volunteer Convention at Detroit, and making a round of the colleges.

The British Student Volunteer Missionary Union conducted the International Students' Missionary Conference at Liverpool in January, 1896, at which students of twenty-four different nationalities were represented. Mr. Fraser was chairman, presiding at all the meetings, and winning the highest praise for his skilful management. There was one impressive part of the proceedings, when, after silent prayer-in a gathering of over 3,000 students-nearly £2,000 was promised to carry on the work of the movement among Continental, Indian, and Colonial colleges.

MI'. Fraser then visited the Continent and traveled through France, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, where he awakened an interest in missions which had substantial practical results in the shape of many lives of students dedicated to the work.

Mr. Fraser had completed his third year at Glasgow College, but after being so lOng in this intense pioneer service it was not easy to return and finish the course. He, therefore, volunteered for Africa as a layman; but the Foreign Mission Committee pressed for his ordination, and this took place in the Wynd Church, Glasgow, when a number of foreign ministers, who happened to be attending the Pan-Presbyterian Council, took part in the service and laid their hands upon him. Principal Lindsay said that it was the most international ordination in the history of Presbyterianism.

Donald Fraser sailed for Livingstonia in 1896 and at the Cape he attended a students' gathering, where he found an exceptional opportunity for inaugurating the Student Movement in South Africa.

DONALD FRASER, OF LIVINGS'rONTA

DONALD FRAS~JR, OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary and Former Moderator of the United Free Church of Scotland

For the next three months he traveled round the srl10018 and colleges on behalf of the missionary enterprise, and made a lasting impression by his spiritual character and persuasive advocacy.

His arrival in Central Africa, the land of weird romance, is delightfully desrribc>d in his largest work, "Winning a Primitive People." He was to have settled at Hora. on the high Ng(mi plateau, but Dr. Emslie was going home on furlough, and the Council appointed him meantime to Ekwendeni as colleague to Mr. Stuart. One day while walking alone in the bush he encountered ~ long line of armed warriors whose appearance somewhat alarmed him. He turned and made for the station, only to find that these were men from Hora asking why he was not coming to them.

The impression he made in Livingstonia may be judged from a letter which Dr. Laws sent to Lord Overtoun in the highest praise of his "tact and common sense," calling him a "unique man" in every way.

Fraser's sojourn at Ekwendeni lasted for three years. After furlough, when he returned with Mrs. Fraser, he settled at Hora, which had not had a white missionary for five years. The station was practically derelict, but he very soon had a large church built, with a hous? school and office. all erected largelv bv free native labor. The tribe moving south in search of new' garden-grounds, Dr. Fraser was obliged to follow them, and the same building program was begun anew, this time the plans being on a larger scale, and including a hospital for Mrs. Fraser's work.

Thus came into existence the famous Loudon Station-it was called after Dr. Loudon, the friend of Dr. Livingstone, who supported Dr. Fraser-where from five to seven thousand people assemble at sacramental seasons. Here Dr. Fraser has had the fullest opportunity of testing and developing his views on African mission work. He does not believe in imposing upon the Africans a type of religion alien to their line of thought. He realizes that they have a genius of their own, and his policy is to take their special qualities, refine them in the crucible of Christianity, and allow them free play. Thus he has not forbidden the song, dance, and game to which they have been accustomed for centuries, but has purified them of whatever evil they contain and has made them the innocuous vehicle of the joy and vitality to which the native must give expression.

While at home on furlough in 1905 he, along with Dr. Robson, Editor of the Missionary Record, visited America as a delegate to the Student Volunteer Convention at Nashville. On his return he advocated systematic missionary teaching among the young people of the Church on the lines of the Mission Study Movement in America, with the result that the movement was started in Scotland, Mr.

1925J DONALD FRASER, OF LIVINGS'fONJA

DR. FRASER AND ONE OF THE NGONI CHURCH MEMBERS IN OLD WAR-DRESS J. H. Oldham being the first secretary. He was retained at home for an additional year in order to visit among the churches in the interests of the missionary cause. After another furlough in 1912, he had scarcely returned to Loudon when he was taken ill and ordered" home for an operation for appendicitis. Furlough came again in 1920, and he was hard at work from. the time he came home working out his great conception of an all-Scottish Missionary Campaign which culminated in the autumn and winter of 1922 in a series of congresses and exhibitions. He succeeded in obtaining the cooperation of ten different churches in this remarkable effort. At this time he was made Moderator of the United Free Church of Scotland.

It is one of the privileges of an African m.issionary to deal

with impressionable material and to see the solid fruit of his labors. In 1901 Loudon had 20 outstations, 372 church members, 5 elders, and 410 catechumens, and there were 1,618 pupils in the schools j the total Christian community was 1,100, and the collections for the year amounted to £11. In 1920 the outstations numbered 209; there were 3,088 church members in full communion, and the elders and deacons had increased to 168, while the catechumens numbered 1,756. The total Christian community was 10,000, and the annual collections amounted to £150. Ten thousand pupils were on the roll of the schools, and there were 371 teachers; the schools fees received came to £115. Between 1901 and 1920, 5,694 infants had been baptized, and 4,455 adults had been admitted on profession of faith; the difference in the total was due to deaths, removals, and cases of discipline.

To supervise his immense parish Dr. Fraser has" to be" perpetually on the move; during the large part of the year l,le is travelling through the bush and camping in the villages. In the paretta, or one-wheel" rickshaw, he has covered more than 10,000 miles. It is a part of the work which he loves. As he said to the writer one day while tramping in the interior, "This is the natural life, a life of freedom and the open air, a life of doing and accomplishing things. Compared with this the life at home seems strange and confining." Perhaps it was the exhilaration produced by the clear, sunnyatmosphere and the beautiful surroundings which called forth the remark, for Dr. Livingstone often experienced the same joy of outlook and movement on these high African hills.

Scotland, South Africa, America, and Canada recognize his outstanding ability, and have repeatedly sought to secure the inspiration of his service.

, Long residence and work in a tropical land is apt to dull one's intellectual powers, but Dr. Fraser's mind has never lost its fresh, alert, progressive outlook. He has literary as well as speaking gifts, and is as much at home at his desk as in the pulpit or on the platform. This output includes "The Future of A-frica," a model textbook, still widely used; "Winning a Primitive People," sets forth "with vividness and fascinating detail," to use Dr. Mott's words, his work and experiences in Ngoniland; and"Livingstonia." perhaps the most picturesquely written handbook issued by the Church. Later Dr. Fraser published"African Idylls," and" The Autobiography of an African Chief," one of the most remarkable missionary books of the time. Mrs. Fraser's work is as remarkable as her husband's and would require an article to itself. She fills many parts-more, her husband admits, than he fills, or could! "Dona Agnesi," as the natives call her, after her first name, is the daulShter of Dr. GeorlSe Robson, so long a powerful force in Church life in Scotland. She

1925J DO~ALD FRASER, OJ<' LIVINGSTONJA

qualified for a medical missionary at Glasgow University, and had a strong desire to go to Calabar, but the committee appointed her to India as the most needy field. Before she sailed, Mr. Fraser stepped in and claimed her as wife and comrade for Livingstonia. It was an ideally happy union. Both she and her sister, Mrs. Wilkie (now of the Gold Coast), seem specially cut out for pioneer missionaries; where their husbands go they go, no matter how difficult and arduous the journeys may be, and if their experiences in remote primitive wilds could be written, it would make a most entertaining book.

In addition to her domestic and garden work Mrs. Fraser has her own missionary sphere at Loudon. She runs the hospital with the capable assistance of Miss Cole. In 1920 there were 2,000 patients at the dispensary and 95 in the hospital, and there were seven surgical operations. She visits the sick in the villages and trains the native women. Apart from her own journeys alone through the bush, sometimes for days together, she often accompanies Mr. Fraser on .his long treks in order to look after his health and comfort.

The fact that Mrs. Fraser is a daughter of a former Moderator and missionary statesman, and herself an experienced missionary and charming speaker, lent additional interest to her appearance in the Moderator's gallery at the Assembly.

It is notable that Dr. Fraser was the youngest Moderator of the United Free Ohurch of Scotland. Dr. Laws, between whom and Dr. Fraser there is a warm friendship, was also present as an ex- Moderator, so that the General Assembly of 1922 had a distinctively missionary tone.

The Assembly during Fraser's term as Moderator was notable for the friendly spirit that pervaded it, largely on account of his personality. Instead of paying Moderatorial visits to distant parts of Scotland he organized a Scottish Missionary Campaign, and de· voted his whole year to the work. The Campaign was a splendid success, and Scotland is still feeling the beneficial results. There is a strong desire in Scotland that Dr. Fraser should fill the vacant position of organizing secretary to the Church, but he has, up to the present, declined the honor.

LIVING STONES IN A LIVING TEMPLE Slowly throughout the temple of God is being built. Wherever a soul by free-willed obedience catches the fire of God's likeness, it is set into the growing walls, a living stone.

1£ the stone can have some vision of the temple of which it is to be a part forever, what patience will fill it as it feels the blows of the hammer and knows that success for it is simply to let itself be wrought into what shape the Master wills !-Phillips Brooks.

of the Missionary

BY DR. JULIUS RICHTER, BERLIN, GERMANY Author of "History of Missions in India," ete., etc.

T HE question of the universality of the Christian religion has been discussed so often and with so much energy and lucidity that it may seem superfluous to have it up once more. Yet the missionary aspect of the question, the competition into which Christianity is entering everywhere in the foreign field, is bringing out new sides, and they are not yet definitely settled. We merely touch some of them.

It is comparatively easy to maintain the claim of superiority in the Christian homelands, where the Christian Church with her world concept and her world-wide implications is commanding the situation. This is quite different in a country like India or Japan or Egypt where you find highly educated men just as fully convinced of. the superiority of their religion, Hinduism or Buddhism or Islam and challenging every Christian claim. The Christian religion is based on a divine revelation with an authoritative sacred book, so are theirs. Christianity is a religion of redemption and salvation, so are theirs. The Christian religion raises moral standards and sanctions, so do theirs. The Christian religion has a secret sanctuary of deep emotions and exalted visions, but so have theirs – perhaps even superabundantly. The Christian religion promises eternal bliss for the faithful; so do they. Then these non-Christian reliQ,'ions advance to a fierce counter-attack and call in doubt or even deprecate many of the most sacred Christian convictions, as either long ago superseded by their higher aspirations or as contrary to modern science. The comprehensive literature on the history and the comparative study of religion is providing many sharp weapons out of its well-stuffed armory.

What shall we do 1 Shall we lay down our arms despondingly? Shall we retreat behind the trenches of our own convictions or of our church traditions 1 God forbid! We must at first learn to make a difference between two ways of approaching this whole subject, both of them legitimate, yet both widely divergent in method and scope. The comparative study of religion tries to understand all religions as products of the religious genius of mankind, appealing to different types and standards and moods of the human race, aiming to answer to definitely felt needs and supplying the soul's wants. This study may start with no convictions at all; it is purely scientific, it tries to ascertain the facts and to bring them into definite order according to generally accepted principles.

Yet no really reHgious man can be satisfied with this compar· 218

1925J UXIVERSALITY OF THE JlTSSIOXARY MESSAGJ<

ative or historic method alone. He has his own religious experience, and he will do well to expand and develop his own inner religious life as carefully and conscientiously as; possible. This really is his most valued and probably most valuable treasure. The deeper he is convinced that it is divine gift destined for the salvation not only of himself, but of humanity, the better for him. The eomparative study of foreign religion is a useful asset for the missionary; yet the cultivation of his own spiritual life, the deepening of his fundamental convictions about his own religion are indispensable for him, they really make him a missionary; without them he is lost.

Perhaps we have an easy way to follow up this perplexing group of thoughts if we ask ourselves what really has been the conquering power by which Christianity has won its victory over the pagan Roman empire in the fourth century. It was a long drawn struggle on life and death, the Roman empire using the most drastic and brutal means to crush Christianity. Yet in spite of all persecutions the Christian Church prevailed triumphantly. What has secured her victory~ Church historians have often discussed this question and have given different answers. In former generations many were inclined to suppose that the force of the ecclesiastical organization, the episcopal office, the stern church discipline, the effective order of the congregation, the social impact had been the conquering force. Doubtless the medieval Church, even as she is continued in the Roman Catholic Church of our times, is a marvel of organization, one of the most striking social evolutions of humanity. Yet the answer is not satisfactory; it is too superficial, putting the social organization of the Church against the organization of the Roman state. In later years, in connection with the advanced studies in comparative religion in the Hellenistic age, a different view is accepted. They tell us that the characteristic feature of the religious situation of the first centuries was the invasion of the Roman empire by mental religion. They came in a long and puzzling succession, Christianity neither being the first nor the last and all taking the curious form of mystery cults as they entered the Hellenistic world: The Egyptian cult of Isis, Osiris and Serapis, the Phrygian cult of the Great Mother and of Attis, the Syrian cult of Adonis, the Judaistic religion, Ohristianity, llfitbraism, Manich:;eism, Islam and other minor religions, all mingled freely and became syncretistic by a mutual exchange of their forms and symbols and cults. In this astounding medley, they try to persuade us, it was mere ehance which religion came out victoriously from the competition.

Ohristianity and Mithraism were almost equal at the end of the third century when the decisive victory of Oonstantine the Great, who had espoused the cause of Ohristianity, brought the decision

in favor of our religion. Yet was it mere chance? Can such an answer be satisfactory to an historian and to a Christian ~ Was it not the underlying revelation of God which definitely secured the victory for Christianity, that wonderful view of God as the holy and the perfect One, severed by a deep chasm from sin and iniquity, yet bowing down with infinite mercy and compassion to the forlorn mankind to lift it up to Himself and to bring it to His perfection? This conception of God for which Jesus stood was quite new. It was abhorrent to the Jews who in this narrow view of divine and human justice could imagine God only as the relentless judge of every trespass against His statutes. It was incomprehensible to the proud Roman or to the astute Greek! who regarded it as a matter of course that God could only associate Himself with pure and highminded men like themse~ves. Yet Jesus' conception contained the highest truth, it was the revelation of God's innermost being. It must come out victoriously from all contemporaneous religious competition.

Yet serious doubts are raised against the universality of the Gospel from the evident fact that not all races and all individuals are capable of the same fulness of religious experience. People tell us that apparently Christianity with its high moral standards and even higher religious experiences is only for those nations and individuals who have reached the highest standards of culture and that it is simple profanation of the sacred to give it to the savages and barbarians.

I answer this objection by a beautiful Esthonian myth. At the end of the creation God went down to the earth to look at all his wondrous handiwork, he went accompanied by the heavenly hosts of angels and archangels and with the sound of trumpets and harps. All creatures were full of admiration at this unique revelation of God's glory, but not all were able to catch its full meaning. The fishes in the water had their ears under the surface, they heard nothing; they just gazed and gasped. The bees in the woods heard the uproar in the air accompanying the divine descent, and they retained it in memory and they aways try to imitate it whenever the wind is awaking them from their slumber. The birds and the animals on earth heard the singing of the heavenly hosts and tried to retain in memory and to produce as much of it as they could, the lions roaring wildly in the nigh,t and the nightingale singing sweetly in springtime. Only man had fully understood what God said and what the angels sang, because God had spoken to him as a friend speaks with his friends; so he. knew the will of God and could live up to it.

The lesson drawn from the myth is simple and convincing. Christianity really means not an artificial raising up of man by his own power into some exalted mystical spheres but the realization

UNIVERSALiTY OF THE MiSSiONARY MESSAGE

of God as He bows down to man in mercy and grace lifting him up to His side. The decisive fact is not whether we comprehend all it may and should mean to us, but whether we have a fundamental experience of God's work in our hearts and life.

This leads us to a fourth point which is the climax of our thought; it brings us back to St. Paul's thoughtful letters to the Ephesians and to the Oolossians. We need to remember the background. The apostle had been on the height of his missionary career; he had accomplished, as far as he could see then, the first half of his divine commission; he had started the gospel messagc from Jerusalem to Illyricum. Now he had far reaching plans. He would have Rome as his starting point for the second great part of his missionary career and reach out into the regions beyond, at first to Spain. At that moment he was cast into prison, and he had to drudge on for four long years in a hopeless captivity at the end of which martyrdom awaited him. What was his mood in those long dreary nights in the narrow prison walls? Did he despond on his universal commission to aU mankind 1 Did he despair in the universality of God's plan of salvation for the world~ Not at all. His thoughts widened beyond his prison walls; the broadest outlooks were given to him, outlooks which have something surprising to us modern men in the midst of our world missions. The apostle is centering his ideas around to two concepts of fulness and of mystery. Not only did he look deeply into the historic plan of God's salvation and saw that when the time was fulfilled, at the fulness of time God sent His only begotten Son, so catching the wonderful idea of a divine education of humanity, with different stages of childhood, adolescence and maturity in the life of nations and of humanity (Gal. 4: 4). St. Paul looked down into the expanding religious experience of the individual and pondered how the fulness of God could be bestowed on the faithful souls. God must grant them a mighty increase of strength by His Spirit in the inner man. Ohrist must dwell through faith in their hearts. They must be rooted and founded in love. They must be filled with the Antire fulness of God (Eph. 3: 16-19).

The experience of such spiritual enrichment is, in St. Paul's view, not only a rare prerogative of a few chosen saints; he is eager to train everyone and teach everyone the full scope of this knowledge, in order to set everyone before God mature in Christ (001. 1: 28) . . . God has raised Christ above every name that is to be named not only in this age but in the age to come-He has put everything under his feet and set Him as head over everything that He may fill tiLe whole universe with his fulness (Eph. 1: 21, 22). That really is the universality of our faith and of our message.

I Visited the

BY REV. W. E. BIEDERWOLF, D.D., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS W HAT I saw in Korea seems like a miracle of missions. At Seoul there was a great revival conducted by a Korean preacher named Kim Iktu. He stood on a high platform just outside the church door, and on the ground under a huge awning sat about 4,000 Koreans all dressed in white. Every once in a while the preacher would turn and talk toward the inside of the church. I asked why, and my interpreter said, "Oh, there are 2,000 inside of the church"-altogether an audience of nearly 6,000. When they took the offering for the spread of the Gospel in Korea, before the baskets were passed, he asked the ushers to bring the larger gifts no the platform and he called them out while the audience cheered. Into the offering that night went 141 silver rings, 64 gold .rings and nearly 200 hair-pins. They are not the kind worn in America. A Korean woman has only one hairpin. It is about five inches long, as thick as a lead-pencil and is made of Bolid silver. A gift like that means something, especially to a Korean woman. They threw in their bracelets and their earrings. Besides all this, the equivalent of more than $1,000 was added to it. It would be a good thing, if some American Christians could take a trip to Korea and see how those poor folk over there give out of the abundance of their poverty.

The revival started each day at five 0 'clock in the morning. When I started down toward the church, I saw the Korean folk slipping down the hillside, through the fields and along the lanes looking like spectres in their white robes. When I arrived at the church I found 900 of them on their faces before God. The women were on one side and the men on the other and all leaned forward until their foreheads touched the floor. They all pray aloud and at the same time, each praying a different prayer. I could not understand a word they said, but as I stood there by the pulpit, listened and looked, the tears coursed down my cheeks, and I knew that God was in the place. I heard one word over and over again, and I said to my interpreter, "What does that word mean7" and he said it means" earnestly, earnestly." There, prostrated on the floor, they earnestly, earnestly cried to God to save Korea and bring the people to know Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour.

A young surgeon here by the name of Wilson is doing medical mission work in K wangju. He asked me to come and see his lepers. , 'Lepers! " I said, "Can we see them 7 Is there not danger 1" "No, not much," he said, "if you do not touch them."

222 We went out to the Leper hospital and home, about a mile from town, and the lepers were lined up to meet us. There were 328 of the gladdest, happiest bunch of folk I have ever seen; all of them dressed in spotless white. You could hardly tell some of them were lepers, except where the fingers and hands had disappeared and the features were disfigured by the disease. They were old and young. Some fine-looking youn~ men and women. We held a little service for them and I marvelled at their knowledge· of the Bible. Then they sang for us, they played some of their games for us, and then they lined up along the road to bid us good-bye.

But 10, and behold! we had hardly gone more than a hundred feet away when I saw there crouching down on the ground in the ditch by the roadside forty-two lepers, the most loathsome, wretched, polluting sight that human eyes could witness. The hands of some were gone and of others the eyelids were gone or the lips. Big nauseating sores were all over their bodies. They begged to be taken into this" heaven," as they call the Leper Home and Hospital. No wonder, when they saw their brother and sister lepers lined up along the road in the clean white garments, all so happy and many on the way to recovery.

It was a cold evening. I had on my overcoat and was chilled to the bone. These lepers had on practically nothing-just light old rags that covered only a part of their bodies. Some of them had also little pieces of matting that they would try to sleep under. When I thought of the comforts that we have and then looked on these poor, shivering, leprous wretches, I couldn't understand why things are so unequally balanced in this world.

One of the lepers from the hospital crowd stepped out and interceded for his suffering fellows by the roadside. He pulled his sleeve up and said. "Look here, I was one time worse than the worst one in that crowd. Now look. Find one sore spot on me if you can. " His flesh seemed healthy and clean. He said, "Take pity on them and give them a chance, and make new people out of them as has been done with me."

"Doctor Wilson, why don't you take them in?" I asked. "I can't," he said. "The Board only allows for 300 and I have now twenty-eight more than the Board allows me. I haven't another cent." "What will it cost ~" I said. "Forty dollars a year will clean and clothe, feed and cure, and make good Christians out of everyone of them."

I never wanted money so much in all my life. But what could I do¥ I did just exactly what you would have done if you had been in my place. I said, "Doctor, take them in and in some way I'll get the money."

So now I have forty-two lepers on my hands. Praise the Lord! Anyone who has forty dollars to spare, or can raise it, can take care of one of these lepers for a whole year.

But forty-two are only a drop in the bucket. There are 2,000,000 lepers in the world, and so, after these and 8,000 other lepers are cared for by the Mission to Lepers, there are 1,991,958 left unprovided for. If other Ohristians will help proportionately, we can ultimately rid this world of leprosy.

The first thing to do is to segregate the lepers in each country -to get them in the various leper homes and hospitals. That in itself would almost accomplish the result. Leprosy comes from a Lepra bacillus. It is infectious, but not contagious. Keep them away from other people and a large part of the problem is solved. They have tried segregation to a large extent in the Philippines and in ten years the record shows a decrease in lepers from 9,000 to 6,000, a decrease of almost forty per cent.

Also leprosy is not hereditary. Ninety per cent of the children taken away from their leper parents do not develop the disease. One of the' first things done in the leper hospitals is to examine the baby, and if it is found as yet untainted, it is taken away and placed in a home for untainted children. In after years, when able to care for itself the child is sent back into the world. One of the saddest things in the world is to see a sweet little babe or a bright young life living in the midst of loathsome lepers and to know that they are slowly but surely entering upon the same horrible living death.

Here is another thing to encourage us to work for segregation. There is a treatment now by which leprosy can sometimes be cured. If we segregate them, cure what we can, and give Ohristian care to the rest until death comes, the hideous disease will be put out of commission.

I am not pleading for the handful of lepers we have in the United States, but for the whole 2,000,000 of them in almost every country under the sun. Let us save them. Not because the foul disease will spread among us if we do not help them, but let us Save them for their own sakes. It stirs my soul when I read this from a missionary in Korea: "Today I refused admission to two lepers. They had been taken to my door on the backs of two men who were total stranger~ to them. They had found them helpless on the roadside, and took pity on them, and though they were themselves cleanly clad and the lepers were in a filthy condition, they carried them on their backs to me in hope that I would take them in. These petitioners were heathen and I. the Ohristian missionary, had to refuse admission because our little asylum was already crowded. I had no room and no money, so what could I do?"

MBTHODS

– :- EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

PRAYER AND PERSONAL WORK Wimls were few that night, but we felt mightily the bond. between each other and AS MISSIONARY METHODS our Master.

Prayer stands first of all and above "Some five months after our first meeting all in missionary methods. When we ])8gan holding devotional meetings on workers pray the;e is no limit to mis- Tuesday oven iugs of each week. They were sionary accomplishment. Next comes under student leadership. Students Jed in personal work. 'rhe evangelization of pmyor, and speakers were called in to meet the world can never be accomplished with us. So, with a devotional meeting by groups of volunteers who wait un- established and fairly well attended, with a til the completion of an ocean voyage growing interest, and a deepening spirit of and a landing On some foreign shore, luyalty to our Lord the first year closed. before they begin to lead others to Christ. , 'The next fall the devotional meetings began as oofore and the prayer circle con- The following story of accomplish- tinued to meet. Men from this group Were ment in recent months in one of our leading the gospel team work, and indeed, greatest American. UniYerRitics sug- all the religious work on the campus. Power gests methods not only for students and light are gradually radiating from these but for all the workers in our dynamic prayer circles. churches: "In December a number of the city "Sixteen months ago th~ announcement churches engaged in a quiet evangelistic was made in our Student Volunteer group ,·ampaign. Till) leader was invited to meet meeting that all who, were concerned about our group. A number of the fellows caught the spiritual lives of their fellows would the vision of souls saved, of lives changed meet in a near-by church on the following and dedicated to Christ. Lists of all non- Sunda.y afternoon. l"our men came to the Christians and non-church members were semeeting. A discussion of the l'eligious at- eured. We tried to interest all who would rnosphere and spiritual lethargy of the cooperate. Sixteen men responded at first. campus began_ Much time was spent in We went out, two by two for the most part, prayer. We were seeking a way by whirh and directly and earnestly sought decisions we might reach out to others with the Saviour whom we love. J of acceptance of Christ as personal Saviour " The meetings continued at various times. of course induding church membership. W The numbers increased as we talked with began our little campaign after a prayer others and drew them into the little group. meeting on Sunday night at which time the In several months the group had divided evangelist spoke to us of the work. On into two groups for more convenient meet- Monday evening we met for prayer, to reing and illtercession together. We met in late our experiences and to receive new dormitory rooms late at night to avuid need- cards. So we continued for five days. In less interruption. 'Ve talked with members some few cases, books were cast aside and of the faculty, of the administration and we went out with a greater zeal and greater ministers in the city finding in many eases joy than we had ever felt. One man, rea most hearty response. One minister in luetant to begin, came to the end of the particular and one faculty member have week with twenty-one decisions. Think of helped us immensely through the months. it! Twenty'one decisions for Christ by one Our chief purpose in the meetings came individual in a single week! And he gained to be prayer for God '8 guidance. As I a blessing in his own life that was trementhink back, I recall nothing in my college dously significant. Eighty-five decisions years which means more to me than those were made for Christ dndng the week. little gatherings. God was in our midst. About two thirds of this number were gained I shall never forget when we came to the by three men. Of the ten men who actually end of the year, as we rose from our knees did some work, eight are student Volunteers. one night, the tears that silently over- The three mentioned a.bove are among the flowed for the depth of joy unsurpassed. eight. Each decision brought a wealth of .ioy to the Ol1e who had witnessed for the Saviour, a deeper understanding of the meaning of life and a stronger. faith in Christ. The fondest hopes and longings of many months had come into reality through steadfast loyalty to Him.

225 5

, 'Best of all we had drawn closer to Jesus, been done by foreign magic. He is finding in Rim life, vision, peace and joy. just likely to say to you: But this is only a beginning. In a few years, if our friends remain loyal to the " 'Why my patch would have Christ, great things can be done for Him. grown the same way if you had We have been laying foundations, however blessed it.' You have to get at the imperfectly, and are looking with joy to whole subject from a much more funthat day when Christ shall be more uni· damental viewpoint – perhaps from versally exalted in our Alma Mater. the rudiments of nature study."

, 'Men need Jesus Christ. There is a long· ing in their hearts that only He can satisfy. Mr. J. W. C. Dougall, a British God grant that we, who have found the member of the Educational Commismore abundant life, may not hide the springs sion to East Africa, expressed the fmm which we drink, but may be heralds fear that in some mission schools and witnesses of the Christ."

"when the children are learning read- CONCERNING AGRICULTURAL ing, writing and arithmetic, perhaps MISSIONS with European subject matter, their Missionary societies, brotherhoods, minds are being filled with ideas that and other organizations will do well cannot be carried back to the village to have an occasional program on and the home; the content of the cur- Agricultural Missions. Very few peo- riculum is often not that of real life, ple have any idea of the constantly but of books-and the people in this increasing influenee of this phase of particular part of Africa have no mission work. To many missionary books in their homes." societies the announcement of the fact that there is an International Associ- Professor T. H. P. Sailer, of Colum- bia University, 'raised t his same ation of Agricultural Missions would question as to whether there should be a news item of interest. be industrial and agrieultural train- ing alone in the mission schools of the This association held its annual more primitive fields, or whether meeting for 1924 on December 12 and there should also be something of 13, in New York City. Some of the reading and writing in the curricuitems gleaned from the discussions lum. He and a number of missionwill furnish interesting program ma- aries present pointed out that often terial for loeal groups. boys and girls go back from a course in a fine school building, with all Dr. Homer Leroy Shantz, of the modern school equipment, and find in United States Department of Agriculture, who has made two trips through their homes no books, no tables, no Africa, studying agricultural condi- chairs, no other – literate persons. tions and possibilities on behalf of the They either lapse into their old United States Government, agreed in illiteracy and customs, or they drift the conclusions reaehed by the men into the cities where their book learnand women who are serving as agri- ing can be used-and thus rob the cultural missionaries abroad, that the village and rural district of "the best need is for simpler agricultural tools, minds." more teaching of the rudiments of cause and effect in nature, and more There seemed to be general agree- study and understanding of native ment among those taking part in the farming methods and soils and discussion that the school curriculum grains. should be such as could be used and He said: applied in the village to which the " You may show a native of Central student returned. Since 80% of the Africa how mueh better your farm- people of India live by agricultural ing methods are than his by having pursuits, and perhaps even a larger him plant one patch in his own way percentage in China and Africa by and another beside it in your way, the same methods, it was pointed out and then comparing crops. But you as obvious that mission schools should haven't convinced him that it has not give more time and attention to teach-

BEST METHODS

ing simple methods of agriculture- the man will not work with the raissuch improved methods and ideas as ing of the food crop in Africa, though could easily be carried back to the he does the hard work of plowing; village and farm and be accepted and but he can be induced to raise the used there by large numbers of cul- crop from which money can be retivators. This, of course, would ne- alized. So that we should work cessitate very simple methods and toward improving the food crops for implements, such as are being devel- the women, and teaching the men to oped on a few mission fields, and raise and improve the money crops." would practically eliminate the more costly American and European ma- The position of women in relation chines for which the native farmer to agriculture in mission fields was has neither funds nor knowledge. given especial consideration by the meeting. Mrs. C. B. James, of Mex- Of the 235 places where agricul- ico, pointed out that her country has tural mission work is reported, 135 millions of women who labor in the are in Africa, according to Secretary fields and should be classified as peas- Thomas S. Donohugh. On all other ants. Somewhat similar conditions mission fields there are about one hun- were said to exist in India and in dred agricultural enterprises, some other parts of the world. thirty of them being in China. Mr. Donohugh reported the interest in The Association is planning to cothis subject among mission bodies in operate in the organization of similar America and in Great Britain grow- groups in Great Britain and in some ing at a very rapid rate. countries in Europe. Officers of the Association are: President, Dr. War- Dr. Shantz reported that the war ren H. Wilson; Vice-President, Dr. and the imposition of a head tax upon Malcolm Dana; Secretary, Thomas S. the natives of Central Africa have Donohugh; Recording Secretary, A. greatly stimulated the efforts to grow B. Parson; Treasurer, C. H. Baker. a" money crop" in addition to the There are vice-presidents in Burma, grains and vegetables needed by the Brazil, Chile, China, India and families for food. In Northern Africa. Rhodesia and environs, he said tobacco and cotton can be raised, but VISUALIZING MISSIONS there has been great difficulty in finding a market for it, especially be- The East Side Presbyterian Church cause of transportation difficulties. of Paterson, N. J., of which Rev. There is not enough realized from Howard A. Adair is pastor, recently these crops to pay the head tax, so put on a missionary program and an the men go into the mines and other exhibit, which aroused such interest industries, while the homes may be that there was an immediate call for selling out over the heads of wife its repetition. and children. The primary aim was to develop "The thing most needed in Af- greater missionary interest in the rica," said Dr. Shantz, "is simple whole c h u r c han d community, agricultural methods and knowledge through concrete missionary informafor the natives. It is the only way tion. in which the Africans can hold on to their lands. Secondary aims were: "In Africa the native woman is (1) To show the extent of the misthe agriculturist. And it is a much sionary operations of the Church. more pleasant picture for me to contemplate an African woman working (2) To visualize the great differin the fields, hard as the work may ence in the manner of living, thinking be, than her Japanese sister working and worship and needs of the various in a factory. It is interesting that peoples to whom the missionaries of the Church are ministering.

(3) To bring the members of the

'rUE "YIlSSION ARY REVIEW o.E' THE WORLD [:March

congregation together in helpful so- 'rhe various Sunday-school rooms ciability with definit e plans for the of the church, which are arranged in advancement of missionary interest. a horseshoe around the main assembly hall, were used for the exhibits. A 'fhe method of making the meet- room was given to the exhibit of each ing known included carefully pre- country. In the case of China and pared advertising in the local church, other large countries, in which there as well as in the city newspapers, are extensive missionary operations, and unique invitations to all the two or more adjoining rooms were members of the congregation. used. Across the entire front of the par- The .exhibits consisted of maps, ish house was placed the striking banner of the National Board of Missions. pictures, posters, cm'ios and costumes. Around the Cross in the center were The objects were placed on tables at T H E FOR E TGN MIS SION SECTION IN THE EXHIBIT OF THE EAS '!' SIDE PR E SBY'!'ERIAN CHURCH. OF PATERSON, N. J .

representations of the various phases the front of the booth, and on curof mission worh: carri ed on by the tains at the sides and back. Two Board under the Ameriean flag. In young women, dressed in the costume front of the bil.nner on an inclined of the country or people represented, plane was placed a large map of the were in charge of each exhibit. These United States. Paper figures of Mex- custodians had a threefold responsiicans, Indians, Freedmen, Mountain- bility. They safeguarded the curios eers, Mormons and others were put on the map to indicate mission st a· loaned by friends and by the Boards, tions. On the left front wall was distributed inter esting literature on hung a banner representing the work various phases of the work, . and of the Board of Foreign Missions. also talked with visitors to their ex- It represented the local church con- hibit, giving interesting items of innected with the foreign mission com- formation and incid ents in connection pound by the way of the Cross, with the work. through the work of the Board. A two-part musical program was given during the evening, The first

BEST METHODS

"ACROSS THE ENTIRE FRONT OF THE PARISH HOUSE ,,'AS PLACED THE STRIKING BANNER OF 'THE NATIONAL BOARD OF MISSIONS. AROUND THE CROSS IN THE CENTER WERE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE VARIOUS PHASES OF MISSION WORK CARRIED ON BY THE BOARD UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG"

part was by members of the local greater scale now than at the begin- Italian church, and tlle second by ning of the century. members of the local colored Presbyterian church. The musical pro- 'l'here are missionaries in residence gram was interspersed with short at 4,598 stations, not including Amertalks by distinguished missionary rep- ican church workers in Europe outresentati ves who were the special side of Turkey-in-Europe, or workers guests of the evening. among European immigrants in the United States and Canada, but in- WHEN YOU QUOTE FIGURES cluding workers among American Indians and Asiatic immigrants here Bring your figllrlls up to date in and in Canada. your missionary literature and your addresses. Take down from your Since 1900, according to the atlas walls and out of your notebooks out figures, the number of Protestant of date figures. The following have communicants has increased in Asia been given by Associated Press from from 622,460 to 1,533,057; in Africa data compiled for the Warld Mis- from 342,857 to 1,015,683, not includsionary Atlas published by the Insti- ing Europeans permanently resident tute of Social and Religious Research: therc; in Australasia, Netherlands Indies and thc Pacific islands, from The World War caused the witIl- Jl7,092 to 647,728, counting only clrawal of all Protestant foreign mis- aboriginal or indigenous populations; sionaries from 2,19 residence stations. and in Latin America and the West Indies, from 138,388 to 368,228. Of the stations completely vacated 126 are in Africa, 58 in India, 21 in In Cllina the number increased western Asia, 11 in Netherlands In- from 112,808 in 1900 to 811,505 as dies, and the remainder in scattered reported in 1923. TIle number in areas. 1:.'01' the most part the stations Japan grew from 42,835 to 134,547 vacated were occupied before the war in the same period, while in Korea bv continental missionaries. But de- there was an extraordinary increase, spite the war, operations are shown from 8,288 to 277 ,377. by the new atlas to be on a very much About 200 Protestan~ organizations

are carrying on missionary work and who, after forty-five years of blindtheir total income for general foreign ness, said, "It has pleased God to missions, as reported in 1923, was bestow on me the talent of blindness. $69,555,148. Of this total, according I have tried not to bury my talent in to the atlas, $45,272,793 was received the napkin of despair and hopelesRby societies having headquarters in ness, but to use it for His glory." the United States, $3,357,739 by His Moon System of Reading for the Canadian societies, and $13,342,499 Blind has enabled sightless thousands by British societies. Continental so- to read God's Word. Follow this cieties had an income of $3,631,305. by singing "0 Love That Will Not At the end of the nineteenth cen- Let Me Go." There should be talks tury the total income for Protes- made and pictures shown of work betant foreign missions was $19,598,- ing done for the blind in America 823, of which Great Britain and Ire- and throughout the mission stations land gave $9,459,562, the continent $2,441,013, the United States $5,916,- of the world. 781 and Canada $545,998. The following- facts presented in In 1923 the missionary societies re- the report of the Committee on Work ported having 1,157 qualified physi- for the Blind at the January, 1925, cians from western lands at work, meeting o:f the Horne Missions Counand the atlas shows there are now cil and the Council of Women for 858 mission hospitals, with 31,264 Home Missions are full of interest beds, as well as 1,686 dispensaries. and may be given by an individual In the year covered by the 1923 re- or by a group. ports 4,788,258 individual patients received medical attention. " The work o:f this Committee in the past year has been largely an attempt Only data relating to Protestant to carry out the recommendations missions are included in this atlas. adopted at the last annual meeting The Roman Catholie Chureh will of the Councils. There is money in cover its own field during Holy year, hand to publish our first Braille book through a monumental missionary and we hope before another month exhibit at the Vatiean for which has passed to have the order in the preparations have been made on a hands of the embosser. vast scale. "Through State Commissions for SEEING WITH SIGHTLESS EYES the Blind and other organizations as well as through the MatiLda ZiegLer In between regular courses and on Magazine, we are asking for a religvarious special occasions there is a ious census of the blind. We are excall for missionary programs on spe- pecting fine results from this effort. cial topics. An interesting and helpful program may be made on the "Upon further study of the subject topie, "Seeing with Sightless Eyes." we find- Special guest invitations may be 1st-That the National Committee for the sent to all the blind in the community. Prevention of Blindness has reported that Sometimes a blind organist or soloist, from 1910 to 1920 there has been a decrease or ehoir and orchestra may be ob- of 5,000 blind because of prompt treatment tainable. All of the hymns may be and precautionary measures taken by pubthose written by blind poets-Dr. lic health organizations and by school of- George Matheson, Fanny Crosby and ficials. others. The Bible lesson may be :from the stories of Jesus and the blind, 2d-That over against this the same Comfollowed by a devotional talk on the mittee has announced that from September, consecration of the talent o:f blind- 1923, to September, 1924, 4,456 men, women ness, according to the testimony of and children have been partially or totally Dr. William. Moon, the physician blinded through aceidents.

3d-That once a year a play is given at one of the theaters in New York City for the blind and that 1,150 blind attended the performance last fall.

4th-That several non-sectarian organiza- tions which are interested in the blind are making an effort to place a radio set in

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the home of every blind person in this WHAT SOME PEOPLE HAVE country. DONE 5th-That a committee appointed by the SoME TmN(Js ACCOMPLISHED BY PEOPLE Missouri Commission for the Blind is in· vestigating two·side Braille ~rinting and WHO SAID, "I CAN'T Do MUCH, BUT hopes within a year to perfect Its plans for I'LL Do WHAT I CAN."

such printing in this conntry, and A Chicago woman said, "I can't 6th-That the Sunday School Board of give much myself, but I'll give what I can, and 1'11 do what I can." She the Southern Baptist Convention, having be· come interested in the blind through data furnished by this Committee, has appointed gave what she could and then t;;he a Field Secretary and appropriated $20,000 for this work. talked with a man who had great The National Council of the Prot- wealth. He was making his will at estant Episcopal Church has a great work for the blind and this past year the time. She called his attention to has had embossed one hundred grand old hymns besides a booklet, a calen- the splendid work being done by 11 dar and a Christmas card for one hundred and fifty of its blind con- Children's Home. She did not know stituency. " she had done much, but later when that will was probated there was a gift of $40,000 to that home. The woman had don.,e w* h at she could.

;II The impression should be followed A Virginia man said, "I can't do by the plans for expression in much. I've never had a chance to go thoughtful personal service in ~he to school; I've always lived in the interest of the blind in the communIty backwoods. " He talked to his friends and throughout the world and by con- in the backwoods. Then he took his pastor to see them and one by one he tributions for the work.

QUADRUPLING EFFICIENCY led a dozen or more people to Christ A committee of about twenty mem- in this way. ., * ,.

bers met for a day's session. There "I can't do much," said a woman was three or four times as much in South Carolina, "but you can work to be done as could be accom- count on me for anything I can do." plished in a day, with the proper "Oh, I can't teach a Mission Stuily amount of consideration and discussion. No recommendations were in Class, " she answered when she was definite shape. The chair divided the asked for that service, "but I'll tell matters to be considered into four you what I will· do ; I'll work up the sections. The committee was likewise class and arrange for all the meetings divided into four sections and certain if you'll get someone else to really do matters assigned to each section for the teaching." discussion, with instructions that written recommendations were to be Because she did what she could a presented to the full committee. splendid class was assembled.

., * * ,'I can't do much," said an art The meeting adjourned in order student.

that sectional meetings should be "Will you make a banner for our held. For an hour four meetings in- convention Y" asked an officer.

stead of one were in progress. Then "I'll be glad to do a little thing the full committee was reconvened. like that. That's something I really Definite recommendations were pre- can do." sented. Discussions were held to the She made the banner which hung point, and four times as much was before the convention. Every speaker accomplished as would have been ac- referred to it in one way or another.

complished if the entire committee Every delegate looked at it again and had considered together every matter again. Its message laid hold on many before it had been definitely pre- hearts because one student did what sented. she could.

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ROMI<: MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS INTERNATIONAL HYMN BOOK 17, Netherlands-We gather together to ask the Lord. Folk song, date unknown. SELECTED BY H. AUGUSTINE SMITH 18. Palestine-Art thou weary, art thou Prof. R . .Augustine Smith prepared languid? St. Stephen of Mar Saba, a musical service, "In Christ There near Jerusalem, 8th century.

Is No East Nor West," for thc Home 19. Rus8ia~God, the all terrible. Written Missions Institute held at Chautau- for 3. Russian air. qua, N. Y., last aummer, one section of which was based upon hymns writ- 20. Scotland-All people that on earth ten by people of various nationalities. (Scotch Te Deum). William Kethe Weare grateful for permission to of Dorset, Scotland, 1560. print the list, feeling 'Sure that it will prove suggestive to program makers, 21. Spain-Of the Father's love begotten. espeeially in this year when Race Aurelius Prudentius of Spain, 4th century. Relations are being studied. 22. Switzerland-It is not death to die. 1. America-i love, thy kingdom, Lord. Cresar Malan of Geneva, Switzerland, President Dwight of Yale College, 1832. 1800 A.D. 23. Sweden-FeaT not, 0 Jitt1e flock. Gus- 2. Australia-He will hold me fast. Robert tavus AdOlphUS, King of Sweden, 1630 Harkness of Bendigo, Australia. A.D.

3. Austria-Silent night, holy night (Stille 24. Turkey-Safe home, safe home in port, Nacht). Joseph Mohrof Salzburg, St.Josepb of Constantinople, 850 A.D. Austria. 25. IVales–Guidp me, 0 thou great ,Tehovah. 4. Bohemia-Come all yo shepherds. Bo- IVilliam ,Villiams of Pantyeelyn, hemian folk song. Wales, 5. Canada-Unto tho hills around, do I INTERNATIONAL IDEALS OF THE lift up. Duke of Argyll, Governor Genernl of Canada, 1878-1883. CHURCHES 6. China-See this branch of sweetest Adol'te<l by the Executi,'e Committee of the rlowers (The .Tnsmine Flower). Popu- Federal Council At Its Annual Meeting lar Chinese melody and song (s"cred in Chieago in .7921 and secular). 1. We Believe that nations, no less 7. Denmark-Through the night of doubt tban individuals, are subject to God's and sOrJ'ow. Professor Bernard Inge- immutable moral laws. mann of Sora Academy, Zealand, Denmark, 1825 A.D. II. We· Believe t hat nations achieve true welfare, greatness and 8. England-Awake, my soul, and with honor through just dealing and un- the sun. Bishop 'l'homas Ken, 1695. selfish service.

9. Egypt-Shephercl of tender youth. Clem- III. We Believe that nations that ent of Alexandria, Egypt, 220 A.D. regard themselves as Christian have special international obligations. 10. France-My Lord, how full of swcet content. Madame Guyon, prisoner in IV. We Believe that the spirit of the Bastille, 1700 A.D. Christian brotherliness can remove every unjust barrier of trade, color, 11. Germany–A mighty fortress is our God. creed and race. Martin Luther at Wittenberg, 1529 A.D. V. We Believe that ChTistian pa- triotism demands the practice of good- 12. Grecce–Christian, dost tholl see theni ~ will between nations. St. Andrew of Crete, 8th century. VI. -We Believe that international 13. India-In the secret of His presence. policies should secure equal justice Ellen Lakshmi Gor-eh of India. for all races.

14. Ireland-Come, ye disconsolate. 'rhomas VII. We Believe that all nations Moore of Dublin, Ireland, 1824. should associate themselves perma- 15. Italy-Now when the dusky shades of night. Gregory the Great, 600 A.D.

IG. Japan-Let there be light, Lord God of Hosts. William MerI'ill Vories, Lake Bewa, Japan, 1908.

232 nently for world peace and goodwill. IX. We Believe in a sweeping re- VIII. W e Believe i n interna- duction of armaments by all nations.

tionallaw, and in the universal use of X. We Believe in a warless world, international courts of justice and and dedicate ourselves to its achieveboards of arbitration. ment.

FOREIGN MIHSION BGLLI;;'l'IN CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL ENTER- and run by Chinese women entirely, ·but more largely as private business PRISES IN CHINA enterprises than for social purposes.

LILY K. HAASS The workers. Twenty-six indus- tries reported a total of 1,600 workers, Handwork as a method of self sup- or an average of about sixty. The port for needy women and more es- largest number in anyone industry pecially for girls in schools, has been is 200; the smallest less than ten. used by missionary workers for over The greater part of these arc women. twenty years. It is only within the Very few children nnder fourteen are last three years, however, that large employed, except where children are numbers of industries have been earning their way in schools. Such started for the purpose of relieving work is not really to be classed under poverty. The famine of 1920-21 gave industrial enterprises. Some girls a great imp~tus to the movement. under eighteen are employed but usu- They are scattered throughout all ally they spend half a day or a fair China but are most numerous in cen- number of pours in study. Some of tral and northern China, where an in- the women are beggars taken off the complete survey shows a list of thirty- street, and can never become skilled, two. Practically all of them were others had a fair degree of skill beinstituted for charitable purposes, or fore entering. as a means of general social Christian development. One, the Shaoshing In- Type of work. Needle work of all dustrial Mission, was started to pro- varieties, with an especially strong vide a 8ublltitute for the making of emphasis on croHs-stiteh and embroidspirit money which seemed to be the ery, seems to be the chief kind of only work available for both Chris- work. The reason for thi'S is evident tians and non-Chrilltians. Some have -it does not require a large outlay at least as a subsidiary aim the mak- for machinery, and other equipment, ing of money to nse f~r general mis- and it is a kind of work the founders sionary purposes – kindergartens, understand. hospital beds, etc. W aI'king hot~rs. Where the work is Ma.na,gement. Except in eases done in the workshop nine hours per where the industry is connected with day is the limit; eight hours is the school, as a self-help department, the general average, and six hours in work industries are, with one or two excep- involving eyestrain. Some work is tions, under private management. done at home so that it is difficult to Missionary wives, who have had to limit the hours. The managers, howface many cases of need, have taken ever, recognize the dangers of sweatthe lead; evangelistic workers and shop work and are trying not to give teachers also conduct industries. A out more work than can be done in a few, notably the Anking Cross Stitch reasonable number of hours. Many and the project at the Ku Lou Hai, women cannot leave their families to Peking, have made considerable prog- go to work, and others live too far ress in shop committees. Only one re- away, so that it is not always feasible ported work started and managed by to stop home work, especially when a group of Chinese women. There facing cases of great need. are, to be sure, industries initiated

Finances. Wages run from $2.50 ferent nationalities are in great de- to $12.00 per week, with an average of mand. Some industries are interested about $4.00. A number state that is in the revival of beautiful old Chinese a good living wage in their part of the designs.

country. Seventeen industries report In October a conference on mission a total annual turn-over of $82,794, or industrial work was held in Peking, an average of $4,811. They run from and the National Christian Indus- $315, as the lowest, to $22,000, as the tries' Association was formed. Com- highest. Several are working toward mittees of this organization will a sound financial basis, by laying by investigate markets, methods of evan- a reserve fund or buying property for gelistic and welfare work, wages and work rooms. Except in one or two conditions of work. Among the 'find- cases, no allowance is made for man- ings of the conference was the agerial salaries of foreigners. Profits following: are being used; (1) for the workers in "That each industry represented the form of (a) higher wages or in this Association be urged to send bonuses; (b) welfare work; (2) for a special report every year to the Na- enlarging the business; (3) for educa- tional Association, indicating the tional or social work not directly af- progress of the industry toward ideal fecting the workers, sometimes in conditions along the following lines: connection with the mission. "1. An eight-hour working day. Six hOurB Welfare and religiotts work. Great for the fine work involving eyestrain. That em{lhasis is put on learning to read; the amount of work given out in the homes many are using the phonetic script. be based approximately on the foregoing Most industries have daily prayers hours. and Bible classes. Others provide "2. Shop conditions. Lighting, heating, ventilation, 120 cu. ft. approximately allowed opportunity for attendance upon reli- for each personal seating working apparatus, gious services but there is no compul- sanitation. sion. Some have Biblewomen who go to the homes of the workers. More " 3. Wages. 'I1hat the Association recog- nizes its duty to pay a living wage, and to find what is a living wage."

recent are the health movements, with Christian industrial enterprises visiting nurses and examination of present the great opportunity of workers by doctors, with medical care. demonstrating that industry can be One progressive industry has health and maternity benefit funds. Free run according to Christian principles. baths are provided in a number of Without realizing it we have launched places. Some assume very little re- out in a project that will be far reachsponsibility for the children of the ing in its consequences.

workers; others have day nurseries ANNUAL MEETING for the babies, in connection with the Federation of Women's Boards of work rooms, and see that the older children go to school. Foreign Missions Ma,rket. Products are sold both in The twentieth Interdenominational China and abroad, chiefly in China. Conference of the Federation was Problems of customs duty and seIling held in Washington, D. C., January agents have proved great detriments 27th, in conjunction with the Foreign to bU'siness abroad. In several of the Missions Convention.

larger cities exchange shops have been A joint luncheon with the Council established to handle the goods. of Women for Home Missions was Whether sold abroad or in China, the held at noon in the interests of the goods are made largely for foreign Schools of Missions and the Church consumption. The problem has not and Missionary Federations; Miss yet been solved of making articles for Kerschner, chairman of the Commit- which there will be a large market tee on Church and Missionary Federa- among Chinese. Art products of dif- tions and Miss Peacock of the Schools

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

of Missions committee presented a Work. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody dismost interesting program. cussed the World Federation of Chris- tian Women. The authors' banquet, At two the Federation convened for celebrating the 25th anniversary of its afternoon session at which time the the Central Committee for the United President, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Study of Foreign Missions brought togave a resume of the work of the gether a brilliant group of men and year. This was followed by a most women authors of Missio1;l Study textinteresting discussion of objectives for books. the coming year: including Christian On Friday, January 30th, a large Literature, Mrs. Donald McGillivray, luncheon was held in the Hall of Naof China, speaking on this subject. tions, Hotel Washington, with dis- Mrs. Lawrence Thurston, of Ginling tinguished guests from the nations College, China, on Interdenomina- and Washington in attendance. Short speeches were made by officers of the tional Institutions; Student Respon- Boards and representatives of the difsibility with an American student and ferent countries. Miss Pauline Senn, China, speakers; and Mrs. E. C. Cronk on Methods of HOME MISSION BULLETIN "AMERICA FIRST" ANNUAL MEETING Not merely in matters material, Council of W O:men for Home Missions but in things' of the spirit. By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, Not merely in science, inventions, Exeoutive Secretary motors, and skyscrapers, but also in ideals, principles, character. Most of the sessions of the Annual Meeting of the Council of Women for Not merely in the calm assertion of Home Missions which convened Janrights, but in the glad a:ssumptionof uary 13-16 at Atlantic City, N. J., duties. were held in conjunction with the Home Missions Council. This has Not flaunting her strength as a been the custom for several years. giant, but bending in helpfulness over These joint sessions were marked by a sick and wounded world like a Good fine addresses, a sp_~rit of cooperation Samaritan, even more pronounced than usual, and a willingness to face problems Not in splendid isolation, but in which augurs healthy advance. Christlike cooperation. The theme was "Facing the Fields Not in pride, arrogance, and dis- Anew" and the text: "The Love of dain of other races and peoples, but Christ Constrains Us." These were in sympathy, love, and understand- recurrent in the addresses, the reing. ports, the discussions, the conversa- tions__ of the little group meetings, as Nof in treading again the old, worn, well as the sessions of the entire body. bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing The Associated Press widely rea new trail, along which, please God, ported the meeting and the presentaother nations will follow, into the new tions were there made so that home Jerusalem where wars shall be no missions in its interdenominational more. aspects received publicity w h i c h should help to further the cause with Some day some nation must take the large group of newspaper readers that path-unless we are to lapse once oblivious of its scope and significance. again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America. Men like Dr. .John M. Moore, Chairman of the Administrative Com- And so, in that spirit and with these mittee of the Federal Council, and hopes, I say with all my heart and Dr. L. C. 'Barnes, long a Secretary soul, "AMERICA FIRST."

From a sermon preached in the National ~~t~;~4~1. bv:a::~n~f.n,~~?'G~uA~~E~nSegidh:~~ D.D., Bishop Coadjutor of the Diocese of Albany.

of the American Baptist Home Mis- conscience effective in present-day sion Society from their experience life, and of the fact that legislation extending over many years presented offers one of the direct avenues for "The New Conception of Home Mis- such effectiveness" the Council voted Bions" and "Th.e Growing Spirit of "interest, cooperation and activity on Unity in Home Missions." The com- behalf of the following lines of con- parisons between the present atti- gressional legislation: tudes and tendencies and those of "1. The prohibition of the sale of peyote even a few decades ago were striking to the Indians especially as exemplified in and brought many a smile of amuse- the Hayden Bill. H. R. ment at the restricted thinking of "2. Th~ Child Labor Amendment to the Oonstitntic)ll of the United States. This, the years gone, and an appreciation having passed Congress, must now be preof the distance we have come in sented to the several State legislatures for united thinking. "The Outlook for consideration. Ratification hy two thirds of Cooperative Work" was presented by the States is required before it becomes a part of the Constitution. Work on tll;s Dr. C. E. Vermilya, Executive Sec- federal matter must therefore be done retary of the Home Missions Council, through State legislatures. who assumed office a year ago. "3. Law Enfore.ement, in ('onnection with The thoughts of all turned back to the Eighteenth Amendment to the Consti- tution of the United States. This involves Dr. Charles L. Thompson, President defense of the principles embodied in the of the Home Missions Council from Volstead Act, 'particularly as to the perits beginning until his death early in mitted. alcoholic content of beverages; and the year, and the wide vision he had also, the creation and maintenance of state laws in harmony with the best federal laws displayed, the constructive policies on the sub,iect. he had helped to formulate, the foun- "4. Such legislation as will enable the dations he had laid for cooperative action. United States to become a. constituent of the World Oourt. The development of leadership was considered from many angles includ- "While there are innumerable inQ' "The Need of Leadership" and other lines of proposed legislation "Home Missions as a Career." Rep- that are also of direct and immediate resentatives of the Student Fellow- interest t() missionary women, these ship for Christian Life-Service added four have been selected for concentragreatly to the value of this discussion. tion of effort. It is not suggested that other lines shall be abandoned or neg- Reports were presented on the work lected; but best results are usually of the various joint committees of the attained by concentration on a few two Councils. It is hoped that in measures. "

coming issues of the Bulletin many SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS of these and of the addresses may be From the Report of the Committee given in condensed form.

Bishop Francis J. McConnell gave MRS. PH1LIP M. ROSSMAN, Chailrman a characteristic and stirring addrells Schools of Missions were among the and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett summed pioneers in interdenominational co- up the discussions in a short, strong operation and it is gratifying to be speech on "What of the Future?" able to record continued growth dur- Separate sessions of the Council of ing the past year.

Women for Home Missions immedi- Early in the year the ExecutIve ately followed the joint sessions. Committee of the Federation of Among matters of outstanding im- Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions portance, action taken in accord with and the Administrative Committee of the recommendation of the Commit- the Council of Women for Home II<l:!s- tee on Legislative Matters is of espe- sions authorized a joint approach to cial interest. School~ of Missions, and the Chairmen "In view of the need that Chris- of the Schools of Missions Committees tian people shall make their social prepared a joint letter and joint re-

J925] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

port blank to be sent to Schools of is given a packet of literature to take Missions. This cooperation between home and examine at her leisure.

Federation and Council was cordially Notes from some schools: received by the Chairmen of Schools St. Petersburg, Fla., led in registraof Missions who appreciated the re- tion, with 1,578 persons registered, duction in reports, and especially representing 30 states and 20 denomiappreciated wiping out the dividing nations, and contributed $4,700 to line between home and foreign mis- various interdenominational missionsiom; in the educational program. ary movements.

A new school has been added to the Southern California (I~os Angeles), list of those affiliated with the Coun- had the second highest registration, cil, the total now being nineteen. 940, with 17 denominations repre- Dixon, Jllinoi~, applied for affiliation, sented. There were classes in Graded Music in the Church School and Misduring the summer, after holding its sionary Teaching through Eye Gate sessions, and was accepted by the and Hand Gate. The School passed a Executive Committee of the Council resolution regretting the exclusion of at the September meeting. Dixon is the Japanese from the United States. '~new" only in the sense of affiliation, for the Rock River Assembly of Dixon. Illinois, ha;; conducted a Winona Lake, Ind., celebrated its 20th Anniversary with a Founders' School of Missions for several years in Day program, a dramatic feature put connection with a high grade Chau- on by the Young Women's Departtauqua program. ment.

Programs of all schools show a thorough presentation of the topic for W~~lson College, Chambersburg, Pa./ the year, The Way of Christ in Race has one large Bible Class followed by Relations, through study classes on f 0 u r discussion groups. Reports the various textbooks, popular ad- twenty-flve young women definitely dresses and discussion groups. One committed to Christian Life Service.

of the outstanding f eat u res of Ok[ahoma (Oklahoma City), has a Schools of Missions work at the pres- discussion period following each study ent time is the number of forums book lesson. and discussion groups reported and the variety of topics discussed, in ad- Minnesota (Mi,nneapolis-St. Paul), dition to definite missionary themes. publishes a daily bulletin and has fine Japanese Exclusion, World Peace, publicity in the daily press. A kinthe Youth Movement and Law En- dergartner is in charge of children, forcement were some of the subjects allowing mothers to attend the School, for discuS'sion, Law Enforcement be- and a cafeteria luncheon is served ing presented at ten of the schools. each day.

Every lover of literature has been Northfield (East Northfield, Mass.), distressed by the waste of free liter- presented the Work among Farm and ature at public meetings. After many Cannery Migrants through a pageant, a session of convention or summer resulting in an offering of over four school, missionary leaflets have been hundred dollars for the work.

destroyed by the basketful. The In- NOTICE! ·terdenominational Committee of the Central West for Missions has solved One issue, only, is missing from the this difficulty by providing envelopes file of REVIEWS containing Home and to hold the leaflets sent to the Sum- Foreign Bulletins in our office. We mer Schools by the Federation, the would appreciate it if anyone having Council, the Committee on Women's a eopy of the October, 1917, issue Union Chr.istian Colleges, THE MIS- would send it to the Council of Wom- SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and en for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., Everyla.nd, and each person registered New York.

fROM .MANY

LATIN AMERICA the national department of agricul- A Triple Church in Havana ture joined the Governor in making ONE building in Havana, Cuba, un- the addresses. '1'he distillers who had der the direction of the Board of refused to obey the laws concluded to National Missions of the Presbyterian do so, and a federal judge who had Church in the U. S. A., houses three favored them decided to ask for ancompletely organized churches each of other circuit_ In one instance the whlch is doing work interesting small farmers and farmhands called enough to deserve a paragraph by it- en masse on a local distiller and self. These' are the Cuban church, warned him after vigilante fashion to conducted in the Spanish language by obey the law or suffer the consea Spanish-speaking pastor, the Eng- quences. Local option ordinances in lish-speaking congregation presided towns and local areas began rapidly over by an American pastor, and the to drive the liquor dealers out_ In Chinese church with a native Can- all cases it was the workingmen and tonese as religious director_ Each of farmers against the rich and the land these organizations needs a building owners. but the Governor answered all all day Sunday and several days in appeals by saying the privileged the week, and yet they are doing, each, classes had always exploited the poor an unusually successful work, in a and profited by their vices, and that building consisting of an auditorium, he proposed to stand by the humble and a small lecture room. There are folk. When a crime was committed thousands of Spanish-speaking resi- under the infiuence of liquor he imdents in Havana, not of Cuban origin. mediately closed the place of its sale The church includes many of these in and finally cloAed all distilleries as a its membership. The English-speak- measure of public peace and safety. ing church has members of many na- Calles, the new President of Mexico, tionalities, and is self-supporting. is also an ardent prohibitionist.

The Chinese church is especially in- tt'resting, and is growing rapidly. Latin Governments and Indians There are more Chinese in Cuba than in the United States, and they are VARIOUS phases of the recent said to be on the whole of a higher movement for the evangelization type. of the untouched Indian tribes in the interior of South America have been THE Prohibition in Mexico reported in the REVIEW. A new as- fearless stand for prohibition pect of the question is presented by taken by Governor Manrique of the state of San TJuis Potosi was reported the National Laymen's Missionarv Movement in Great Britain and Ir~­ land, as follows: "Opinion is chang- in the December REVIEW. Further ing in government circles in that details have now come of the remark- continent; some states are already deable movement which has made that voting their attention to the great state in Mexico "practically bone Indian question, Brazil is making the dry." Soon after Governor Manrique protection and care of the Indian peo- came into office a great Sunday-school pIes a national concern, Paraguay is entirely favorable to developments demonstration was arranged by the :J;'rot~stant forces. . A military band for _Indian welfare and officially recfurmshed the mUSIC and an agent of ogmzes and welcomes our missions in 238

19251 NEWS FROM MAr..ry LANDS

that country. In the Northern Ar- cially desir(}us that others might find gentine the authorities and the set- the Lord for he wanted campaneros tlers in the Indian territory are very in the Faith. He is not waiting for friendly, and another republic has us to get them either, but is trying officially invited us t(} establish mis- hard to get them interested himself."

si(}ns among their Indian tribes, (}ffer- ing us every facility and assistance. The Seed in Argentina S If we can accept their (}ffer, they give OME notable conversions have been reported from various reus full c(}ntr(}l of a reservati(}n and entrust t(} us the education, industrial gions of South America through the training, and religi(}us instruction of use of the Spanish New Testaments. the natives. The Government has ac- From Salta, Argentina, W. A. Tremquainted itself with (}ur methods, and lett writes: "In the province of the fact that it has made this offer is Jujuy, at a railway station a brother one of the strongest testim(}nies t(} gave a tract which was carried away the value it places upon missi(}n to the mountains, and to my knowlw(}rk." edge, over fifty people were saved through it, and the work is still Moslem West Indian Converts spreading. Here in Salta, one of our THREE M(}hammedan w(}men were steadiest and brightest believers was baptized last year in the Church (}f converted through reading a tract England DioMse of Trinidad, British which had been put under his door West Indies, and a Mohammedan resi- while he was at work. In Jujuy dent has lent a building for a sch(}ol a whole family was saved through until one can be built. The native reading a Gospel of Luke, given away priest in charge here has 120,000 of in that city. So from all this, it is his compatriots under his care with easily seen that the Lord blesses the only three native catechists, not or- literature which we give away, and dained men, to help him. One of his while the enemy sows the vilest of catechists is seventy-three years old. seed and in great quantities, we are but active and untiring, tramping thankful, that we are able to continue about the district, organizing meet- sowing the good seed. "

ings and services.

Missionary Made Indian Chief A Barber in Pl'raguay EV. c. A. SADLEIR, representa- R ILLIAM G. SCHERER writes Wfrom Bella Vista, Paraguay, to sion to the Indians of Araucania, tive of a special Canadian mis- Inland South America of a barber, a Chile, writes to his supporters: "This man of not(}ri(}us imm(}rality, wh(} has scattered people-a numerous, noble, found Christ. He says: '[I never eager and historic race- who have no heard, thought or dreamed that there means even of knowing the govern- was such a thing as the Bible, the mental or judicial dispositions for Word of God. " He is a man of little their protection and so cannot take education and finds it very difficult advantage of them, are face to face to read. In fact very often he l(}ses as they never have been before with the sense of what he is reading, it is the removal of the prohibition to sell such an effort. However, he has a or dispose of their lands, thus threat- Bible and is diligently seeking a ening the ruin of thousands of families kMwledge of G(}d. He has b(}ught through deceit and fraud, who have several Bibies and Testaments t(} give previously escaped the same fate by to friends, and is constantly testifying fire and sword. All the above and for the L(}rd. He has given away more, much more, increases my em- many tracts, etc. Mr. Scherer writes: phasis of this pressing need. Under "The other day when he was cutting such conditions I want to respond my hair, he t(}ld me that he was espe- with all that is in me, with y(}ur help,

to the added responsibility imposed proved conditions of travel, and other upon me by my spontaneous nomina- advantages essential to the develoption as an Honorary 'General-Chief' ment of the colored race in character of their race. " and efficienry.

NORTH AMERICA Reformed Church Women Surpass Protestant Church Members Jubilee Goal T T HB 1924-25 issue of the Year Book HB Women's Board of Foreign of the Churches, edited by Dr. .Missions of the Reformed Church K O. Watson, secretary of the 'Wash- in Ameriea-still familiarly known as ington offiee of the Federal Council of the Dutch Reformed Church-set out Churches, gives the total membership to raise $100,000 in celebration of its of Protestant churches in the United golden jubilee. The sum secured was States as 48,224,014 in 1923. Protes- $120,000, and of this amount Sunday- tant adherents are numbered at 79,- schools contributed $10,000, and the 140,849. The Roman Catholic total parent Board of Foreign Missions of (Catholic figures usually signify ad- the Reformed Church made the wom- herents) is 18,260,793. The Method- en's branch a present of $5,000.

ists are reported to be the largest The money will be used to build a Protestant group, their 17 bodies girls' high school in Amoy, China; a totaling 8,433,268 members, with the girls' school in Busrah, Mesopotamia, Baptists close behind with 8,189,448. Arabia; a women's industrial home The churches are credited with hav- and also a home for nurses at the ing raised $547,560,562 for all pur- Arcot Mission, West Madras, India; poses, an increase of $29,242,984 over two residences for missionaries in the previous year. Japan; one of these to be at Yoko- hama and to be built as a memorial to Progress in Race Relations Miss Jennie Kuyper, of the faculty T HIS is the title of the annual re- of the Ferris Seminary of the Re- port of the Commission on Inter- formed Church. She was the only racial Cooperation, which is made up Protestant missionary killed by the of stories of concrete achievements in Japanese earthquake. better educational facilities, health campaigns, anti-lynching crusade, The $10,000 given by the children legal aid, adjustment of differences, will be used to build a home in Amoy, provision of public utilities, the study China, for children rescued by the missionaries.

of race relations in church and college Cha.nges on the Bowery groups, the work of women's organizations in this field, and the coopera- T HOSE who say that prohibition tion of the press. All the Southern "cannot be enforced" like to point states except Arkansas and Florida to conditions in New York City, omit- are covered by the survey and results ting, however, to state that, since the are cited reaching down into a great repeal of the Mullan-Gage law, the number of local communities. The absence of an enforcement law for the Commission has also assisted in set- state has made matters extremelv diffi- ting up local interracial committees cult. Yet even in New York" great in seventeen cities in the North. Ac- changes have been brought about since cording to the report, the provision of the 18th Amendment was enacted.

better Negro schools has been a major Third Avenue, the lower end of which objective everywhere, followed closely is popularly known as the Bowery, by efforts for better sanitatioIJ.., hos- epitomizes what has taken place. In pital accommodations, street improve- 1916 Third Avenue offered 252 sa- ment, library and playground facili- loons, 44 liquor stores, and 17 drug ties, justice in the courts, agricultural stores to the thirsty wayfarer. Today training, the care of delinquents, im- there are only 41 such places, of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

which 23 are still the old saloons, un- daims before the Pueblo Land Board which changed in appearance, but trying to convenes this autumn. Land worth millions convince the world that they have and the future existence of the Pueblo comchanged their wares. The 211 sa- munities depends on this assistance.· (4) loons and 44 liquor stores have given Establishment through test cases of the In-" place to 453 stores engaged in repu- dian's right to civil and religious liberty and table business. The assessed value of the protection of the courts. (5) The enthe property has increased $98,759,- actment of legislation to reorganize the pres- 000, or approximately 64 per cent. ent antiquated system of handling Indian Manhattan real estate as a whole has affairs. had, during the same period, an increase in assessed valuation of 21.4 The Association calls especial atper cent. tention to health conditions among the Indians, which are said to be chiefly Mormonism by Radio due to "the low salaries paid doctors and nurses in the Indian Bureau med- T HE plans of the Presbyterian ical service, the constant shortage of Board of Foreign Missions for us- both, and the lack of facilities for ing radio broadcasting to spread mis- treating disease." The Commissioner sionary information were described in of Indian Affairs in his last annual rethe December REVIEW. New York port estimates the number of trachonewspapers late in January carried a ma cases among 210,000 Indians at news item to -the effect that the Ro- 30,000 and tuberculosis, 25,000. "Our man Catholic Church, through the facilities for reducing infant mortalagency of the Paulist Fathers, had in- ity are inadequate," he says. stalled a well-equipped radio plant to further its interests. The aggressive- Fisk University Endowment ness of the Mormon Church may be proved to those who have thought of THE million dollar endowment it as a force of little consequence by sought by Fisk University of Nashthe following announcement: ville has been secured. This is the first millitm dollar fund ever estab- Both Utah and Josephite Mormonism have lished at a college for Negroes. One been making large use of radio for trans- half of the amount was given by the mitting sermons, music, etc. The" Reor- General Education Board of New ganized" or ".Josephite" body has been York and one quarter by the Carnegie sending out from both Lamoni, Iowa, and Corporation. The John F. Slater Independence, Mo., and is now completing a Fund and the J. C. Penney Corporanew installation of 1,000-watt power, at a tion also contributed substantially. cost of over $10,000, purchased by subscrip- The citizens of Nashville raised a suptions independent of tithing. We nnder- plementary sum of $50,000 and many stand that this instrument is as large as is other friends also gave generously. made at present, though provision is made The endowment fund is to be used for for increase when possible. The Salt Lake giving more adequate salaries to people also have a station of their own. The teachers. There is still need for $75,- programs are given in the papers 'of both 000 annually, in addition to other insystems, with reports from listeners at great come, for current expenses. distances; and large hopes of spreading Mormonism are cherished by each body, as AlIlerican Negro Progress well as of stimulating their own people. REV. A. A. KIDWELlj, a promi- Needs of American Indians nent religious leader from J 0- hannesburg, who has just completed T HE American Indian Defense As- an extensive tour of this country, sociation, Inc. announces the fol- making a special study of Negro edulowing points in its program: cation, declares that "to a visitor from South Africa the progress of (1)' Transfer of medical care of the In- the American Negro is positively asdians from the Indian Bureau to the Public tounding. I have been particularly Health Service. (2) Rectification of the pleased," said Dr. Kidwell, "with guardianship abuses in Oklahoma through Congressional action. (3) Employment of counsel for the Pueblos to handle Indian 6

the educational progress of the race number of these people settle in in this country. In South Africa it 'rexas, California, Arizona and other is popularly supposed that the edu- states of the southwest, they are also cated Negro is a failure. Here I find spreading further to the north and tha~ just the reverse is true. The east. "The Mexican," comments The American people seem to recognize Outlook of Missions, "furnishes one that education affects the Negro just of those racial.questions which chal- as it does anybody else, making him lenges the modern Church in a fuller more capable, more efficient, a better and richer program of endeavor."

citizen, and an asset to society. Your system of universal public education EUROPE is based on that theory, and from Bible Society Growth T what I have seen I am convinced that HE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety, one of the oldest of modern the theory is correct. I have been deeply impressed also, and even as- missionary agencies, continues to show tonished, at the economic competence amazing vitality. It reports that the which American Negroes are achiev- twenty-five years in which the Rev. ing-their success in agriculture, in- J. H.Ritson, D.D., has served as secdustry and business. Your big Negro retary have seen an almost incredible insurance companies, banks, real es- growth in the work of the Society. tate corporations, const.ruction com- . No previous period of similar durapanies and the like have no parallel tion in the Society's long history can anywhere else in the world, so far a~ show any such record of progress. In I know-certainly not in South Af- 1898-99 the Society circulated close rica. " upon four and a half million copies of the Scriptures; in 1923-24 the cor- Mexicans in the U. S. A. responding figure exceeded eight and THE outbreak of pneurrlonic plague a half millions. 'rhe income for 1923- in the Mexican quarter of Los 24 (£377 ,285) shows an increase of Angeles directed public attention to more than £150,000 over that of the significance of the Mexicans who twenty-five years ago. The number of have migrated to this country. Since languages in which the society has the Immigration Act which went into circulated the Scriptures has grown effect July 1, 1924, places those born from 364 to 566.

in Mexico among non-quota immi- grants who can enter in unlimited Religious Educa.tion in England T numbers into the United States as HE subject of religious education in the day schools is being dislong as they pass the literacy and other tests, and since there is a cussed extensively in England as wen Mexican border of 1,800 miles, we as in the United States, for, while the may expect a very large number of conditions governing the problem in Mexicans to enter the United States. the two countries differ widely, the For the fiscal year ending June 30, common conviction is growing that aU 1924, there were 87,648 who came education must have a religious foun- over. In 1922 there were inly 18,264, dation. In England there are still but in 1920 there were 51,042. In 10,000 schools which belong to the the last ten years 353,412 have come Church of England. There are in ad- into the United States. In Los dition the Roman Catholic schools, Angeles last year there were 18,744 and a few others under the same kind Mexican school children enrolled in of management. In return for the the public schools. Indeed, it was use of the buildings, which it must stated in the REVIEW for July, 1924, keep in repair, the church has a right that there are more JliIexicans in Los to give definitely church teaching in Angeles than in any other city except these schools, and retains a consider- Mexico City itself. While the larger able measure of control. Schools of

the other type are under the guidance German Freethinkers' Ritual of local educational committees, and THE ceremony created by the Bolin them is forbidden any doctrinal shevists to take the place of bapteaching peculiar to one or another tism ,vas described in the September Christian community. Now the Bishop REVIEW. Another illustration of the of Manchester and the Bishop of saying that man is "incurably re- Liverpool in particular, both ex- ligious" and even the atheist craves schoolmasters, are anxious to end this some sort of church forms is seen in division. They desire one type of the liturgic manual published by the school, and for religious instruction a more thorough and effective handling German ]'reethinkers for use in their of the whole problem of Christian gatherings with formulas for baptruth. Thev wish to have the teachers tism, burials, and weddings. It is quoted in the fl1mday School Times: as definitely trained for this task as "Atheist . god'-fathers are asked, for any other. They believe that the 'Will you regard the spirit of this time has come for a new approach to child as a splendid product of culture the whole problem. entrusted to you for further develop- ment? Will you agree to educate him Church Life in Switzerland in free, undogmatic, earthly life-de- T HOUGH Geneva, as the head- veloping opinions j' For the blessing quarters of the League of Nations, from the chancel is substituted the is preeminently a world center, Switz- following formula, 'Sublime spirit of erland itself is far less widely known. evolution, thou that leadest all life A writer in World Dominion says of and history upwards, exert thy eternal it: "Switzerland has a peculiar life right among our brethren, mankind.

of her own. The country is made up 'l'urn from their minds all supersti- of twenty-two cantons and three half- tions; bring to their strivings in- eantons, in which three languages are Hight … ' And again, 'Holy sense of spoken: German in nineteen, French life, enable us to find thee in our in five, and Italian in one. Yet this deRtinies, however overwhelmed they small republic of nearly four million may seem. Help us to recognize the inhabitants is a real unity, bound to- movement towardll progress by which gether by love of liberty and care for thou leadest upward all that lives and the common good. Confessional dis- happens. Give us to. hear the eternal tinctions cut across language barriers. harmony and give us thy peace. So The cantons of Zurich, Berne, Vaud, be it.' "

Neuchatel and Basle are mainly Protestant, while Lucerne, Fribourg, ProbleIUs in Czecho-Slovakia T Ticino, Valais and the forest cantons HE republic of Czecho-Slovakia has a constitution modeled on that are chiefly Catholic. The Protestants number 57 per cent of the population, of the United States, and the men in and the Catholics 41 per cent; the power believe it is meant to be put remaining 2 per cent are Jews. There into practice, "wherein," says The is no one Swiss Reformed Church. Converted Catholic, "they differ from Each canton has its own church or certain politicians in other countries, churches. Since 1922 all these who allow the provisions of their con- churches have been united in a Fed- stitutions to be nullified by pdest- eration called the Kirchenbund. craft. At present the problem of Speaking broadly, the Church in reconciling some 2,000,000 Slovaks, or Switzerland is out of touch with the at least a large percentage of them, life of the present day." But signs with the ideas prevailing in Prague are not wanting of a deep spiritual seems to be rather acute. The re- movement. Leonhard Ragaz and ligious side of the dispute is empha- Kutter are said to be the outstanding sized by the fact that most of the religious figures in Switzerland today. leaders of the Slovaks are Roman

Catholic priests, while many of the When we think back a few decades, high Czecho-Slovak officials are not and realize that during Arnot's and religious at all, and others are mem- Crawford's time this was a country bers of the new National Czecho-Slo- of darkness and tyranny, unknown as vak Catholic Church or the Russian a whole to the world, then the present Orthodox Churrh. 11. Krepelac, an transformation is nothing short of inspector of education in Slovakia, marvellous. It was hard to believe recently made a report to Prague in that one was in the heart of 'Darkest which he averred that ninety-nine per Africa,' when one night a visit was rent of the priests were unworthy made to the great group of copper characters who should not be en- smelters at Lubumbashi-a never-totrusted with the education of the be-forgotten sight… In this, and people. " the other great mining centers, thou- sands of natives from many parts of Gospel for Russian Jews Africa are gathered in great com- pounds, or get in touch with what is TIlE Christian Testimony to Jews, to them great wealth, and have to com- , an American society which seeks bat conditions that they never to evangelize the Jews of Russia and dreamed of before." The writer goes Eastern Europe, began its work in on to urge a great development of 1921, when two Hebrew Christian missionary effort – aggressive relievangelist~ sailed for their native gious, social, medical work – in that Russia. The society now is respon- ('enter of wide-radiating influence. sible for the support of twenty workers. Thirteen of these are evan- Phelps-Stokes Report gelists and pastors, six colporteurs, one director of a Bible depot. Fifteen THE investigations of the Phelpsof the twentv workers are Hebrew Stokes Educational Commission in Christians. I~ addition, four Hebrew East Africa have been followed with Christian young people are supported interest in both government and misin Bible-training schools in Europe. sionary circles. In June, when the Tfen of the Hebrew Christian evan- report on Kenya had been sent to the gelist~ are working in Soviet Russia, Government, Dr.•Jesse Jones, chairmm,t of them going out two by two; man of the Commission, stated, as three of them in addition to their quoted in the Routh African Outlook, evangelistic work are pastors of He- thatit stresses "the essential differbrew Christian congregations. The ences between the education of the other ten workers are in Poland and masses and the education of the na- Volhynia, three of them being evan- tive leaders, and points out the necesgelists and pastors. sity of sympathetic constructive teaching and leadership. Great im- AFRIOA portance is attached to the education of women and child welfare, domestic "Darkest Africa" Today necessities being at present neglected by the State. The careful training of A 1nssro~AR~ h!1s been giv~ng. in native leaders in the essentials of civi- the Congo JJhss'!On News hIS Im- lization is urged, especially the need pressions of Katanga. He says that to inculcate thc value of cooperation the changes in this very rich territory with the white race. Over-attention during the last twelve to fifteen years to literary education of the mission have been momentous, and Elisabeth- type is deprecated. Finally, Dr. ville has become a city with parks, J ones expressed pleasure and relief at fine streets, and modern improve- the extent and vigor of the interest ments. Other towns like Sakania, government officials, and white settlers Panda, Kambove, Sankishia, Bukama, take in the future of the native, and are all growing. ' 'We all know the urged unity and cooperation. The cause of this tremendous change-the presence of many ores of great wealth.

925] NEWS FROM MANY LA~DS

principal recommendation for Uganda event lay in the fact that twenty-three is the early appointment of a director tribes were represented, most of of education and the entry of the whieh were at war with each other State into the field of education, but when Dr. Laws came to Africa. Yet with the most sympathetic treatment there they were – "one in Christ of the missions which have carried on Jesus.' , the whole work of education hitherto. The Natal system of joint advisory The other gathering was a conferboards is reeommended to the serious ence of the missions which have joined consideration of Kenya and Uganda." a f('deration to recognize each other's work, discipline, and spheres of labor, One Chance to Hear as far as possible. This federation reprpsents seventy-five per cent of the WRITING from Kankan, French missionary activity of Nyasaland. Guinea, George Powell says in The conference discussed the need of the AllianceWeekly: "'rhe work here village ~chools, as well as industrial in French West Africa is now in the and higller on!'s, and voted to underplowing ..tagc and that means break- take these various types of education ing up the hard dry soil that has had provided the Government assisted. no spiritual watering these many cen- The question of bringing about a turies, yet He is faithful and our greater unity of church life, to do trust is in Him. I,css than two years away with denominational differences, ago only one lone station marked our and to lay the foundation of unity in mission, and today we have a chain the Church on the basis of an orof stations from Labe to Bobo, making dained native ministry, was also disseven in all, with others ready to be cussed. opened as soon as workers and money are forthcoming. Literally thousands Tithes Without Pay have heard the gospel story. We ma.de a trip recently into a section that REV. JOHN R. GATBS, of the never heard this story, where the peo- Methodist mission in Umtali. ple were groping along in the blaekest Rhodesia, writes: "Job Tsiga, one of of heathen darkness, not knowing of our workers. came to me awhile ago, the Saviour who died for their sins, and said that he would like to donate being taught that ~fohammed was the his services as an industrial teacher at prophet of God. On this trip we were our largest out-station, because he beable to reach nearly four thousand lieves that useful occupation would people, their eager faces lighting up not only raise the standard of living with joy and wonderment when they and uplift the soul, but would lessen hear of another wa.y. But the sad the tug of temptation that pulls part of it is they turn away and do against every native Christian. This not think it is for them, yet joy comes man has to do his own work, then in our hearts when we think that they walk three miles to the station. He have at least had a chance and He teaches classes in agriculture, animal has promised that His word shall not husbandry and wood-work. His servreturn unto Him void." ices as a teacher are worth as much or more than his own work yields him. The Church in Nyasaland Altogether he works about sixteen hours a day. He tithes all his income TWO notable gatherings held at in grain and other produce, besides Livingstonia, Nyasaland, are re- giving much of his time in direct servported in the South African Outlook. ice of preaching and teaching. What One was the first meeting of "the he gives in a single year for the work Synod of the Church of Central of God under the· direction of the Africa, Presbyterian," uniting two mission comes to far more than it presbyteries. Dr. Ijaws was appointed cost the mission for his whole trainmoderator, and the significance of the ing."

New Day in Madagascar and massacre. There has been no in- THE representative of the World's centive to progress, the people are not Sunday School AsS()ciation in the touched by modern ideas. In the island of Madagascar is a native American orphanages are security, Malagasy named Ramambasoa, who order, cleanliness, new and better has completed a course of study in methods of keeping house and tilling Sunday-school methods in England. soil: above all, the spirit of coopera- This is how he describes conditions in tion, friendliness, service, is making his native land: "When the first a profollnd impression upon thoumissionaries came to the island, it was sands of children. Children trained verily the breaking of the day after a in these agricultural and industrial {lark night. The ways of the sorcerer, orphanage schools, when absorbed in polygamy, idol worship, adultery, all the national Ii fe, will be builders of practiced openly throughout the coun- a new Armenia. They have not only try, have now been checked and new seen the outer comforts of life, they ideas and aspirations formed in the have been touched by a new spirit. dominant races who have received Life has a new meaning for them."

Christian teaching. The good results seen among the children and rising generation, since the advent of the INDIA AND .SIAM Gospel, are a marked feature in the Christ and Thinking India S life of the Malagasy. In the far-off OME of the present wonderful openings for the Church in India days when the Malagasy Queen left her capital city of Tananarive for a are new and sudden. A change has journey and when she returned, the come in the last five years. The cannons were fired and the people Rev. W. E. S. Holland, who has been knew through the sound of the a missionary of the Church Mission- .cannon that honor was being given ary Society in India for twenty-five to the Queen. Now the new day has years, says that" today it is the rarest come. The Christian Malagasy, chil- thing to come across hostility to the dren and adults, are giving glory to Lord J csns among educated Hindus,"

the King of kings and Lord of lords and that " Jesus Christ occupies the in their life and conduct and their summit of the reverence and admira- praises to the Saviour, Jesus Christ, tion of thinking India. It is hardly are heard through many parts of the too much to say that He rules Indian Island. To Him be the honor and thought. He is the accepted standard glory for all time." by which moral values are judged.

Hindus no longer ask: 'Is He the best NEAR EAST and highest?' They ask: 'Is He prac- Building a New Nation tical? Can Christ really be followed ~ B ISHOP JOHN L. NUELSEN, of Will this work in this twentieth cen- the lTethodist Episcopal Church, tury world?' " writes after his visit to Russian Ar- menia that American charity there Type of Missionary Wanted I "has not only saved thousands of N reply to a question from the Stu- dent Christian lVIovement of Great lives: it is actually building a new type of national life. The traveler Britain, as to whether British young need but compare an old Armenian men and young women should still be village with a Near East Relief or- called to missionary work in India, phanage. In the former, life is found K. T. Paul, National Secretary of the in its primitive form. There is no Y. lVI. C. A. in India, wrote an inter- home life, no idea of order, cleanli- esting letter. The Christian Century ness, sanitation, conveniences. The gives the names of a half dozen other whole life for centuries has been prominent Indian Christians, who, it stunted by constant menace of war says, associated themselves with Mr.

192o] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Paul in the judgment expressed. He St. George Hall. The place seats said in part: "India desires its about three hundred, and was over- friends from abroad to come in the crowded….. There surely is an open attitude of fellow-students and fellow- door for tactful, aggressive evangel- workers. We do find a great deal in ism among the thousands of English- our own culture and way of life; but speaking Moslems of Hyderabad." out contact with you hitherto, with all its difficulties, makes us to wish to Advertising His Faith know more, as haply we may feel deeper and do better. We do need SOME years ago a Moslem convert . you. We are not ashamed to own it; at one of the stations of the perhaps before day is done the benefit Church Missionary Society in North might be seen to be mutuaL.. The India, after much persecution gave process of devolution is now in that way and apparently became a Moslem interim stage which is as interesting again. He has lately come back to as it is delicate. It is trying to the the mission, saying that he wished to veterans; it is awkward to the be received as a Christian. It was younger men. In most cases no ef- pointed out to him that saying that fectual change has resulted. In other he was a Christian in one town might eases only administration has changed be easy, but living as a Christian in hands. not the work itself. What is a place in which he was known would needed is to enable the younger In- be another matter. So he had a state- dians to take hold of the work as their ment printed about himself and dis- own which is not merely to be ad- tributed it broadcast among the shop- ministered, but done, and developed keepers and others in the place in and expanded; to realize that the which he was known. He is sticking heroic day of the pioneers is not past. to his resolve, and is regularly teach- This is a task obviously for the young ing the patients in the mission hos- missionary. " pital.

Gospel in a Moslem Center Gratitude of Lepers H YDERABAD, DECCAN, is the WHEN the Mission to Lepers held largest and most important na- its jubilee meetings in London in tive state in India. Rev. S. M. September last, it received many Zwemer, D.D., writes of his visit there greetings from all over the world. A last summer: "The Nizam formerly typical letter il; the following one, forbade missionarv effort in his do- written in Telugu, from the home minions, but at present with some which it had established in Rama- restrictions the door seems open. We chandrapuram, India: "For fifty were astonished to meet so many who years past your great love has been "poke and I'('ad Arabic. The book shown to the lepers who had fallen to bazaar would dispel any notion that such a low state. Your great love has Arabic is unknown in India. Hyder- shown us the way to have fellowship abad is a literary center, and the with God, to be able to call Him Fa- Nizam's government publishes new ther. You have brought us into the and rare Arabic manuscripts every great light and driven our darkness year. In addition to the hours spent away. You have given us the great in conference with the missionaries, wealth of salvation. Therefore to all from the city and the district, ar- of you we give our very grateful rangements had been made for three praises. By the gracious gift of the public addresses on the character -of Dr. Kellock Home you have given us Christ, the character of Christianity, wells which we have not dug, gardens and the crucifixion. These lectures which we have not planted, and fruit- were given in English without an in- ful trees, and houses which we have terpreter on three successive nights in not built, for us to stay in. For wor- ship there is the chapel with beautiful

pictures ornamenting it. Medicines well as the pnpils of the school have are given and injections, and a fine watched her sllccessful progress and dispensary and so many kinds of ma- profited thereby. More than one baby terial blessings, food for our bodies, now has its daily orange juice because all received. "'IVe can never forget you the school bahy gets it. At another nor your many kindnesses to us. You, time, in connection with this same by the favor of the Lord having found course in infant care, one of the teachthe wealth of salvation, have through ers 'loaned' her sickly little two-year- His servants given us soul food as old daughter for experiment. It took well, and so we rejoice greatly." the girls, with the aid of the matron, just two months to see an improved The Gospel for Robber Tribes diet change the fussy lifeless child into a cheerful, healthy baby of al- ONE of the most picturesque pieces most normal weight. of missionary work being done in India is that in "the criminal tribes " Although the Government of settlements. " In the report of the Siam is urging the people to send Madura Mission – the South India their children to the public schools section of the work of the American instead of to the missionary schools, Board-the following statements are many high-class families choose not to made about it: •"I'he robber caste do this because of the moral training numbers 80,000 in Tirumangalam given in the latter." Taluq. There are about as many more in another branch of the caste in Me- SiaDlese Presbyterian Church lur. The former were declared a Criminal Tribe by the Government THE general council of the south and placed under severe restrictions, Siam presbytery was instructed but a police superintendent with vi- during a recent prt'sbyterial meeting sion saw they could be saved from in Bangkok to consult with the north their evil past by education and in- Siam presbytery as to the establishdustrial improvement far better than ment of a national Presbyterian by rules and regulations. Local pan- church in Siam. If the plan is ilPchayets (boards of five members) were proved, and authorized by the Presappointed and given charge of schools byterian general assembly, it is said and other village activities. Our Mis- that there will probably be a special sion conducts over seventy such presbytery composed of the work schools with three thousand pupils. among Chinese, which lias been show- These present a point of approach ing unusual vitality in Siam recently. that is almost of unparalleled advantage ….. The Kallars are recognizing CHINA the power of Christianity as a regenerating force, and. the Kuravas are Defense of General Feng looking to the Church and Mission to help them, in their social and economic I N connection with the coup d'etat struggle, if not in religious matters as of General Feng last October, so yet." much criticism has appeared, some of it from Christian sources, of his de- Care of Siamese Babies sertion of General Wu P'ei Fu, that it is of interest to learn from Peking I N order to teach the proper care the opinion held of him there. Miss of babies, the "Happy Light" Luella Miner, missionary of the Amergirls' school of the Nan station in ican Board for many years, writes: Siam temporarily adopted a three- "The people here all trust General months-old baby girl and gave the en- Feng and his soldiers …. There is no tire charge of it to the ten oldest girls doubt that he is acting under full in the dormitory. "The people of the conviction, and if leaders in all parts community," say" The Continent, "as of China cooperate in the same spirit, we shall soon see a very different na- tion." The Far Eastern Times of Oc-

NEWS FROM MA:r–"Y LANDS

tober 27th said; "That General Feng positions will be filled-by men indif- Yu Hsiang had good reason for act- ferent if not hostile to Christianity ing as he did all those with inner if we fail to put Christians in-and knowledge of the situation well the great and effectual door which know. " Rev. Robert Chandler, of now stands wide open will be forever Tientsin, giving the details of the closed, leaving the Church on the out- military question involved, in a letter side. "

received here defends "the Christian General. " A missionary in Peking, Object to Rescue by Force in a·letter written in October, said: I N connection with the recent dis- "Feng has for seyeral years belonged turbances in China, many newsto a little prayer group which meets papers carried an Associated Press weekly at the home of the Chinese message from Peking, stating that Methodist pastor, ,vho seems to be twenty-five American missionaries tbeir spiritual adviser. Such men as "who apparently prefer martyrdom C. T. Wang, W. W. Yen and others to forcible rescue in event of capture compose the group. Mingling in poli- by bandits" had addressed such a petics, they know each other in a way tition to the American IJegation, makimpossible without such spiritual in- ing it clear that they have no authortimacy …. I think he really does hate ity to speak for their missions or ,var. " churches, but signed only as individ- China's Medical Future uals. Declaring their work in China to be that of "messengers of the Gos- DR. F. W. GODDARD, Baptist pel of Brotherhood and Peace," the medical missionary in Shaohsing, missionaries express a desire that" no China, writes in the Wa,tchman-Ex- form of military pressure, especially amh~er.. "It is the duty of the home no military force, " be used to protect Church to train enough native men them or their property and that in and women as doctors and nurses so event of their capture or death at the that the native Church may begin to hands of lawless persons no money be assume at once as much of this great paid for release or indemnity demand- responsibility as it is able to bear, ed. The dispatch did not state, how- and to have its own leaders to whom ever, the names of the missionaries or it may look for guidance as the work the societies with which they are con- unfolds. Meanwhile, over and above nected. The American Legation the duty of the home Church in the pointed out, in reply, that the peti- matter lies an unparalleled opportu- tion was inconsistent with the neces- nity. In these days there is a great sity that exists for safeguarding dearth of medical workers in China. Americans in China, and that no ex- Government schools are utterly in- ception could or would be made in adequate to meet the demand. It is the procedure in emergencies with re- the opportunity, not of a lifetime but gard to the signers of the petition.

of an age, for the Christian Church Parade in Literacy Campaign to flood the country with well-trained earnest Christian men and women, THE city of Tientsin ~itnessed repreempt these positions that carry cently a picturesque demonstra- with them social prestige as well as tion of the nation-wide movement to opportunities for service, and by mak- reduce illiteracy by teaching the ing the medical profession of the ., thousand-character system," which country predominantly Christian, was described in the REVIEW for No- carry that great stronghold for God. vember last. For two days, gigantic Such an opportunity for capturing parades composed of approximately a nation at a stroke is unique in the 100,000 people that filled two long history of the Church. But it is streets moved through the city. Each swiftly passing. In a few years these participant in the parades carried in

his hand a little flag bearing an in- the question was put and the vote scription such as "Illiteracy is Blind- taken-and before the hands had been ness," "To Study is to Save the lowered following the vote, all simul- Country," etc. One hundred thou- taneously broke into the singing of sand of such little fiags were distrib- "Praise God from whom all blessings uted by the Bureau of Education of fiow." A united prayer went up to Tientsin, and there were many schools God to bless the womanhood of the and institutions that printed their church, and particularly the three own flags. The majority of those who had just received their licenses to who walked in these parades were preach. emplGyees of shops and factories, or apprentice's. There were also a large Dikes Prevent Floods number of boy and girl students, representatives of trade guilds, Y. M. CERTAIN missionaries in China C. A. members and other public and have given a good illustration of social welfare bodies.-The Mission practical Christianity in showing how Pield. the floods and subsequent famines which have SG G£ten devastated China Typewriters for Tibet can be prevented by scientific meth- ods, such as afforestation and the F OR several years Dr. W. M. erection of dikes. One of these is Hardy, of the' Disciples' Mission Rev. Hugh Hubbard, of the American in Batang, Tibet, has been untiring in Board mission in Paotingfu, China, his efforts to work out the alphabet who used the fiood relief money five and combinations needed for a Tibet- years ago in building extensive dikes an master wheel fGr the Hanunond for the prevention of future floods. Typewriter. This has at last been On the top and side'S of all the dikes perfected and when J. C. Ogden re- he planted willow trees. The county turned tG 'fibet he took two of the officials protected the trees, only typewriters with him. Three more branches of a certain size being alhave been purchased for that country. lowed to be trimmed oil'. Last year These typewriters will be a great help in a single village the cuttings of to the missionaries, especially in the branches were sold for over $1,000. wGrk of translation. During the recent extensive flood this village escaped all harm. "Not only Chinese Women O"dained was it protected, but the mud and debris which were caught in the wil- THREE Chinese young women re- low trees increased the width and ceived "loeal preachers' licenses" height of the dike by two feet." The at the last Kiangsu Annual Confer- Paotingfu Church has increased by ence of the Methodist Episcopal Mis- seventy-five per cent in two years. sion, which was held at Hwangmei. This church refuses to receive new Rev. Earl A. Hoose writes that the members from places where relief conference took the form of a ten-day money has been spent, until after one institute. Lectures on the Bible, full year, for fear interested motives Bible storJ:" telling, religiGus educa- may have led to the decision. Paotion, music, education, etc., filled the tingfu, it will be remembered, is the program, while the evenings were place where so many American misgiven over tG meetings. The highest sionaries and Chinese Christians sufemotional hour came when the pre- fered martyrdom in 1900. siding officer asked, "Who shall be licensed to preach?" The chairman JAPAN-KOREA of the Committee on Examination of Candidates for License to preach Empress in Christian W or.hip arose, and with trembling voice, called the names of three yGung women. A CABLE despatches from Japan thrill ran through the audience as state that the Empress recently attended the morning prayer service

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

at the Doshisha high school for girls Koreans. The Korean delegates num- in Kyoto and, standing behind her bered over 200 and there were present chair, bowed her head in prayer in about thirty missionaries. The great- ve unison with the others present. This est matter up for discussion was that iR said to the first time in history ('If foreign missions. The Korean that a Japanese ruler has joined in Church is maintaining work in Man- Christian worship. The change in at- churia, Siberia and in Shantung, titude is somewhat emphasized by the China. In this latter place it has announcement that the Crown Prin- four ordained missionaries and two cess will give a sun-dial to the leper physicians. The last two years have hOspItal of the Church of the Advent been hard ones for the Church in in Tokyo. The dial will bear the Korea since there have been great text: ," From the rising of the sun floods and other disasters and the until the going down thereof, the Tokyo earthquake has increased the Lord's name shall be praised."- cost of living greatly. It was found Christian Cent1try. that the genuine foreign mission work among another nationality in Shan- Ohurch Oampaign for Japan tung and the home mission work THE National Christian Council of largely among Koreans in Siberia and Japan, in its extensive plans for a Manchuria could not all be carried nation-wide evangelistic campaign, on, so one man was ordered recalled took as its slogan, "The Mobilization from Shantung. To offset that a of the Christian Forces for Service." Board of Home Missions composed of The following objectives were an- those most interested in the Siberia nounced : (1) Leading all Christians and Manchuria work was formed. The to present their bodies a living sacri- gains by baptism in the year were in fice, holy, acceptable unto God, and to the neighborhood of 15,000. Contrilive a life of service for the Kingdom butions amounted to nearly $500,000 of God. (2) Doubling the attendance from the 1,500 churches. About 250 both at church and in the Sunday- ordained pastors are in service.-The school. (3) Bnrolling as many as Continent.

possible seekers after Christian life and experience. (4) Enrolling as Sunday-schools in Ko:rea F many as possible candidates for the IVB years of intensive Sunday- school work in Korea, during Christian ministry. Preparatory con- fm'ences with local ministers and which the Korean Association has church officers were held in some had the active cooperation of the thirty different cities. The leaders World's Sunday School Association, went to these conferences and carried have now been completed. In that the inspiration back to the local time th'l Korean Association states churches, so that "the spiritual and that for three years more than one the financial forces of the Church new Sunday-school per day has been might be doubled, both in quantity established. In Korea there are now and quality." 4,000 Sunday-schools, with 18,000 Koreans' Own Missions teachers and 264,000 members. Grad- ed work among the primary classes THE Korean General Assembly, was begun early in 1923, and has which includes all the various been such a great success that the kinds of Presbyterians at work in Korean Sunday School Association that country, met this year at Ham- has decided to continue the primary heung in northeast Korea, where the classes and is preparing beginners'

Canadian Presbyterian missionaries lessons as well. Four new books have are located. As usual, the moderator been added to the Korean teacher and all of the other officers and nine training course: one on the Bible, tenths of the committee members were one on story telling and one each on

the org'mization and administration spread of the Gospel: Members of of the beginners' and primary depart- the Synod have been struck not only ments. with the large numbers that attended the services, including a great com- Korean Y. W. C. A. Leader munion service, but with what will rejoice the hearts of all friends of the THE young woman who has been mission, namely, the clear evidence of chosen as the future national sec- the grace of God in the faces, deretary of the Young Women's Chris- meanor and conduct of the hundreds tian Association in Korea, Miss Sung- of converts whom they have met, and sil Kim, recently arrived in New York with whom they have conversed." to begin 11 two years' course of special training for the position. The story "The Shame of the South Seas" of her struggle for an education is an interesting one. It began with the THIS is the title applied by many devotion of her mother, who worked courageous thinkers, in Australia hard to earn the money for her school- and elsewhere, to the so-called "coning, against the opposition of a well- dominium," established some thirtyto-do father, who held the customary five years ago in the New Hebrides Korean view, that girls should not be Islands by the joint action of the educated, and should be married be- French and British Governments. It fore fifteen. Upon her graduation is described as "a hybrid sort of govfrom high .school, Miss Kim won a ernment which leaves all white men in scholarship for four years at college. the islands subject to their own na- When the Korean Y. W. C. A. aspired tional authorities at home, and exto a trained leader for its 1,200 mem- pressly provides that neither England bers scattered in its five cities and nine nor France assumes any responsibility schools, word came back from the for the natives who theoretically con- I,ondon headquarters of the World's tinue independent. Under that treaty Committee Y. W. C. A., offering a what is called the' joint court' has scholarship for the Korean girl who functioned locally, but its jurisdicshould be chosen by her associates for tion is confined to cases where natives study in America. The honor fell to offend against foreigners. It has no Miss Kim. power to hear any complaint of a na- tive whom a foreigner may have ISLANDS OF THE SEA treated unjustly, nor is there the sem- blance of any other tribunal where a John G. Paton, Centenary native may get any redress against oppression suffered at the hands of a BOTH in Great Britain and in the white man. " There have been fright- New Hebrides the centenary of ful allegations of cruelty and enslavethe birth of John G. Paton has been ment practiced on the natives, who widely observed. It was a matter of are said to be robbed and slain ruthspecial interest that the New Hebrides lessly by white plantation owners and Presbyterian Synod should have held it is claimed that life is cheap, women its 1924 meeting at Leaukel, on the are regarded as mere slaves and chatisland of Tanna, where that illustri- tIes, and depopulation is on the in- (ms pioneer began his work. A report crease as a result of the liquor traffic, of the meeting states: "Synod re- infanticide, disease and the present joices to see on every hand manifest labor-recruiting system. tokens of the wonderful change that has come over the natives through the

MISSIONARY

The World Missionary Atlas. Edited by twenty-two years. In that atlas only Harlan P. Beach and 'Charles H. F'ahs. Maps by John Bartholomew. Quarto. 251 309 societies were listed, with their pp. $10.00 net. New York. 1925. returns tabulated. The foreign mis- At last it has come from the press- sionaries supported then numbered the long-anticipated Atlas, with mis- only ]5,343, the native Christian sionary maps, tables of statistics, de- helpers, 75,281; the residence stations, scriptive articles on mission lands, 5,771; the full ·communicant memdirectory of Protestant missionary bers, 1,397,042, and the total Chrissocieties of all lands and comprehen- tian constituency, 3,613,391. Thus it sive index. It is a masterpiece, as will be seen that there has been an increase of ninety-six per cent in the might be expected from the editors, missionary force, one hundred per map makers and publishers, and will cent in the native staff, one hundred be an invaluable reference book for and seventy per cent in communicant all students of Christian missions. A more comprehensive review of this members and 0 n e hundred and Atlas is in course of preparation; thirty-one per cent in the Christian here we call attention only to some communities. The colored maps in the new Atlas, of the outstanding characteristics and with stations underlined, are remarkfacts presented. The information is gathered from 21 Canadian societies ably clear, complete and accurate. Separate maps show languages, politi- (not including affiliated organiza- cal divisions, races, density of populations), 188 in the United States, 36 tions, climate, occupations, commerce, in Australia and New Zealand, 157 in and prevailing religions. Others inthe British Isles, 172 in Continental dicate the location of Roman Catholic Europe, 52 in Africa, 15 in Latin and Greek Catholic missions. The America, and 121 in Asia and Malay- whole volume is sold at much less than sia. 'rhirtv societies are listed work- it cost to produce. It is worth owning among the Jews-a total of 760 ing and worthy of study and intellievangelical missionary societies, not gent use. counting anxiliaries and branch so- cieties. Walte:r Russell Lambuth, l'rophet and The Foreign Missions income was Pioneer. W. W. Pinson. Illus. 261 pp.

$70,05] ,617 (corrected total). The Nashville. 1024.

number of misi'lionaries listed is 29,J.88 The widely known international and the residence stations on the field, benefactor of many races and friend 4,598. The native Christian staff em- of multitUdes from every walk of life ployed is 151,735; the organized has here a worthy record, written by churches, 36,246; the number of full an intimate associate. Dr. Pinson has communicant members, 3,614,154; compressed within 261 pages the salithose added in one year, 209,741, and ent features of the life of sixty-seven the total Christian communities in years, spent fruitfully in China, non-Christian lands, 8,342,378. Japan, the United States, Latin America, Europe and Africa, gIVIng The first general missionary atlas enough of picturesque detail to make was published by the Student Volun- a memorable and eminently readable teer Movement in 1903, edited by Pro· missionary volume. fessor Beach. While not so complete as this, a comparison shows the im- Walter R. Lambuth came of three mense progress made in the Plj,st generations of missionaries, of the 253

blood of Covenanter and: Cavalier. of his dearly beloved mother-a fit- His earliest years were passed in his birth city of Shanghai and he came ting place in which to die and be to America in boyhood for his education. His career as a missionary buried, among the two virile nations physician was cut short, having been mainly spent in Shanghai and Peking; of the Eastern world. H. P. B. though its aftermath, embodied in a study textbook, "Medical Missions," Where Evolution and Religion Meet. By is a post mortem continuation of a ,Tohn M. Coulter and Merle C. Coulter, rare physician. It was mainly as a Professors in the Department of Botany at the University of Chicago. 12rno. founder of Southern Methodist mis- 105 pp. $1.25. New York. 1924. sions that Dr. Lambuth did his best work afield-the mrssion in Central The title of this little volume is Japan, the exploratory beginnings of its work in Cuba, the splendid founda- hardly accurate. The discussion of tions of their Congo BeIge work, the mission in Korea and his final death- the evoluti{)nary theories and of their eve work of establishing their Missions in Manchuria and Siberia. His influence upon modern thought is sixteen years as Missionary Secretary and eleven' as Bishop were largely clear and simple, especially for a spent abroad where his presence was an inspiration and the harbinger of beginner, who wishes to learn what renewed activity in the various Missions. Evolution actually means and why it One cannot forget his influence has such a hold upon the scientific upon the cause of Missions at farge, particularly through his connection mind. The other purpose of the book with the Methodist Church work in Peking and the Methodist union in is not nearly as well done. In fact Japan. His frequent presence at interdenominational gatherings in the relation of Evolution to Religion America and over the seas always meant constructive or harmonizing is confined to the introduction and th'l touches and prophetic outlook to a full program, leading to greater ef- very brief chapter at the close of the fectiveness. His home influence was increased by his frequent editorial book. The authors define the Chrisand contributed articles in his denominational periodicals; while for tian religion as a spirit of unselfishthe general public, such volumes as the one already mentioned, and ness inspired by love, and naturally "Winning the World for Christ" abide as his message for today and find no conflict between religion and for the future. the evolutionary theory. Many who Dr. Lambuth never spared himself; nor did his delicate and deeply de- do not draw as sharp a line as do the voted wife, who so freely released him for his international work. When in authors between theology and regreat bodily weakness he had established his last Missions in Manchuria ligion, and who still believe that cerand Siberia, he fell asleep in Yokohama, whence his body was removed tain great truths are fundamental to to await the resurrection by the side their Christian faith, will lay down the book without having solved one of their perplexities regarding the har- monizing of Evolution with theit· cherished beliefs. R. M. L.

Reality and Religion. Sadhu Sundar Singh. 12 mo. 80 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1924.

This Oriental Christian's medita- tions and parables on religion make interesting reading. The Sadhu does not claim to be a theologian. He is a practical Christian mystic and an in- terpreter of Christian truth, greatly honored and beloved in India and elsewhere for his Christlike character, messages and service. These twenty- seven brief meditations are on such themes as The Creation, The Incarna- tion, Prayer, The Future Life, The New Birth, Love, The Cross, Sin, etc. They are not studies, but thoughts, always reverent and sometimes illuminating. On Love, the Sadhu says: ' it forms a very practical homileti- "A kiss is the outward sign of a cal study of First Corinthians, treat- mother's love for her child. If the ing the great ideas of Pauline child has a contagious disease, the theology. Dr. Roberts is no super- mother may refrain from kissing him, ficial student of the Scriptures and but her love for the suffering child is goes directly to the heart of the apos- not less, but more, as he needs more tolic message. He has the power to of her care and love. Just so God may discover and reveal the essential ele- seem to forsake those who have fallen ments of the themes he discusses and a prey to the contagion of sin, but His certain chapters are excellent illustra- love for them is infinitely more than tions of the type of expository preach- a mother's love for her child (Isaiah ing much practiced by Dr. John 49: 5). " Henry Jowett and by other men of the Scotch and English schools. The The Ideals of Asceticism. By O. Hm-drnan, oratorical and poetical elements in M.A., D.D. 12 mo. 232 pp. $2.00. New York. 1924. these sermons are subordinated to The author's definition of asceti- that which should be the high purpose cism is this: The voluntary practice of renunciation, suffering and toil for of all preaching-to reveal the heart the fulfilment of a variety of ideals, which assumes, even a greater variety of God, to interpret the mind of of activities, good and bad. noble and Christ, to move the soul to longing for the deeper life, "the life that is life indeed." c. c. A.

debased, heroic and foolish, He then The Autobiography of Mary Jane. 12rno. proves historically from a wide view 117 pp. $2.00. Boston. 1924. of races and civilizations, that "asceticism is a normal and constant Mary Jane married a preacherproduct of human nature," and that and evidently she thinks more highly the cross of Christ illustrates this of ministers of country churches than principle in its highest form; that of Board secretaries. Her story of therefore asceticism is an essential courtship and married life is more part of Christianity. Although the candid than candied. She evidently practices of asceticism are very wishes to unblirden her mind anonyvaried, covering as has been said mously on some topics and writes every possible form of self-denial, frankly but interestingly of the trials from the most abject to the most sub- of a pastor's wife, of church gossips, lime, there are in the main three as- of church choirs, of church officials cetic ideals: the mystical, reaching and other experiences. It will do out to fellowship with the Divine as some pastors and church officers good its goal; the disciplinary, which seeks to read Mary Jane's observations.

righteousness of conduct or holiness of African Life. Bishop W. H. Overs. Illus. 12 mo. 146 pp. $1.00. New York. 1924. life; the sacrificial, with its effort to make reparation for one's own or another's evil conduct. The need of as- Life in Africa is full of unusual ceticism in our modern life, and how customs, scenes and adventures. it may be applied to present-day so- Bishop Overs of the Protestant Episcial problems, is the theme of the clos- copal Church in Liberia describes, in attractive style, many of these pecuing chapter of the book. R. M. I,. liarities for the benefit of young The Gospel at Corinth. Richard Roberts. Americans. Those who read will un- 8vo. 173 pp. $1.75. New York. 1924. derstand better the African forests, This series of sermons by the Illi nis- rivers, villages, witch doctors, super- ter of the American Presbyteirian stition, slave trade, boys and girls, Church in Montreal is based upon and mission work. They will wish to St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corin- preserve the good in African life and thians. . While not a commentary, to help root out the evil. HARTFORD NEW BOOKS SEMINARY FOUNDATION World Missionary Atlas. Edited by Har· Ian P. Beach and Charles H. Falls. 251 Hartford, Conn. Pl'. Institute of Social and Religious Survey. New York. 1925. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Fifty Years in Foreign Fields-China, Ja· Theological Seminary pan, India and Arabia: A History of .Pive Deeades of Women's Board of For· Dean, M. W. Jacobus eign Missions, Reformed Church in Amer· ica. Mrs. W. I. Chamberlain. 279 Pl'. School of Religious Pedagogy Woman '8 Board of Foreign Missions of Dean, E. H. Knight the Reformed Churcll in America. 25 -East 22nd Street, New York. 1925. Kennedy School of Missions Dean, E. W. Capen Secret of the East. Oliver Huckel. 368 Pl'. $3.50 net. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. New Through these associated schools Hartford York. 1924. offers full training for Christianity for Today. John Godfrey Hill. 1. The Christian Ministry. 139 Pl'. 75 eents net. Methodist Book 2. Religious Education and Social Service. Concern. New York. 1924. S. The Foreign Field. The Christian Church in the Modern World. Each schooi has its inaependent faculty and Raymond Calkins. $1.75 net. Macmillan' its own institutional life and together they form Co. New York. 1924. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. Christian Missions and Oriental Civiliza- tions-A Study iu Culture·Contaet. Maur· The plan for a group of eight buildings for ice T. Price. 545 Pl" $3.75 net. G. E. the Foundation is being carried out. Mackenzie StechHrt, 31 East 10th Street, New York Hall. the woman's dormitory, is already com- City; American Baptist Publishing So· pleted and occupied under 'direction of the Dean ciety, Chicago. 1924. of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr. Construc~ tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom Nine Thousand Miles in the Track of the building, and Avery Hall, the library. Jew. Richard Cadbury. 5s. Marshall Brothers. London. 1924. PERSONALS Prisoners Released: The Redemption of a RIGHT REV. 'N. 'V. CASSELS, D.D., Bishop Criminal 'i'ribe. C. Phillips Gape. 139 Pl'. WeSleyan Methodist Missionary So· of the diocese of 'Vestern Cloina, who was ciety. London. 1924. one of the faulous "Oambridge Seven" of 1885, will this yea,. complde forty years of The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by M. serviee in China. Th. Houtsrna, T. W. Arnold, R. Basset and H. Bauer. Luzac. London. 58 each. REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER, whose father 1924. has long been engaged in home missionary work, and who has himself spent five years Bible Hero Stories. Joseph. Written and illustrated by J. H. Shonkweiler. 31 Pl'. . in China, has become an Associate Secretary 25 cents, net; $2.64 a dozen, net. Stand· ard Publishing Company. Cincinnati. of the American Missionary Association. 1924.

REV. W. E. BROMILOW, D.D., who has be'en Jubilee Report of the American Presbyengaged in missionary work in the South t~rian Mission in Western India-1872 Sea Islands since 1879, has retired frolll to 1922. Mrs. R. C. Richardson, Editor. active service. 100 Pl'. Wesleyan Mission Press. My· sore, India. 1922. MISS LUli',LI,A MINRR, former head of Yen· ching College, Peking, is spending the year Missionary Heroines in India. E. C. Daw· as dean of women in Shantung Christian son. 153 Pl'. 28 6d. Seeley, Service Co. University, Tsinanfu. London. 1924.

REV. FRANCIS S. DOWNS, of Tyrone, Pa., Chinese Triangles: The Y. W. C. A. in a has been called to become an Associate Changing China. 78 Pl'. 25 cents. Pub- Secretary (}f the Presbyterian Bom'd of For· lication Dept. Y. W. C. A. Quinsan. 1924. eign Missions. Myths and Legends of India: An Introduc- REV. ERNEST F. HALL, D.D., has been ap· tion to the Stndy of Hinduism. J. M. pointed Publicity Secretary of the Presby· Macfie. 333 Pl'. 88. Clark. Edinburgh. terian Board of Foreign Missions. 1924.

The Arya Samaj: A Modern Religious Movement iu India. E. H. Whitley. 32 Pl'. The Brahmo Samaj. E. F. Brown. 19 Pl'. 3d each. Missionary Literature Supply. London. 1923.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ FEBRUARY, 1920 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT AN EPOCH-MAKING DES MOINES CONFERENCE THE UNION UNIVERSITY IN PEKING THE SITUATION IN KOREA UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA JOHN R. MUIR STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION EDWIN M. POTEAT THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA JAMES S. GALE JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS GEORGE W. FULTON A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS A TRANSLATION $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY . MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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Everywhere in the U. S. Irrespective 01 Denomination The uplifting and educational effect of Universal B'ible Sunday (on November 30th, 1919) was manifest.

Pastors. Christian workers, officers. teachers and churches were quickened and inspired by the recital of the marvelous record of achievement of the Book of Books in every I_and and nation.

Was YOUR church represented in this splendid movement?

Now get ready for Mayflower Universal Bible Sunday (on November 28, 1920) in commemoration of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, who built the civilization of this country on the teachings of the Bible.

Pray lor it; work lor it; prepare lor it; live with it; expect great things 01 it,.

The Am~rlcan Bible Society will have ready for distribution In a rew months 1llendid mess_ r::gl~r~~:.r: fo; ~~~~~~~do~~~~~h:~~t~..;e';,1~t':. tm'~l:lll aid In making May ower Universal Applications :J',ould be flIed DOW. They will be tilled at as early a dawas possible.

Address 1:'he Secretaries, 27B, Bible House, New York Please mention TIi" MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli' "'IiE WORloD In writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-UNoCCUPII!D FI1!I.DS IN ClN'l'RAI, ASIA.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES • . • . , ……… 81 AN EPOCH-MAKING CoNI'ERENC~ STUD~NT VOr,UNT!W!S AT DES MOIN~S Tm: UNION UNIV$.SI'l'Y AT PEKING THE SITUATION IN KoIlltA EDITORIAL COMMENT • • • • • ROM~N' C~TH~LlCS ~N; P~OT;'ST~NTS THl<: CHANGING ApPREHENSION oF IN AMERICA CHRIST MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD UNOCCUPIED CENTRAL ASIA. . . . . . . . . By JOHN R. MUIR 91 A careful study, illustrated by maps and photographs, of the unoccupied mission fields of Central Asia, and the possible program for their occupation.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, Apostle to the Tai. . By PAUL M. HINKHOUSE 102 The story of the life and work of one of the great pioneer missionaries, 'who recently .laid down his life while working among the Laos of North Siam.

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION. . . By REV. E. M. POTEAT, D. D. 113 A forceful presentation of the relationship of the use of property and spirit- ual life.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN KOREA By REV. JAMES S. GALE, D. D. 117 A sane view of the present conditions in Korea, and the effect of the recent uprising upon the missionary progress in that country.

RECONSTRUCTION IN WEST AFRICA. . . . . By EDWARD A. FORD 122 A brief description of the effect of the war upon missions in the former German colonies of West Africa.

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS By Rev. GeoRGE W. FUI,'!'ON, D. D. 125 A clear statement of some of the difficulties of the situation in Japan, as seen by a Christian missionary of long experience.

A GERMAN PLEA FOR GERMAN MISSIONS. . . . . . • • • . . 132 Translation of a statement of the Berlin Missionary Society cOllcerning the future of missions in former German colonies and in other mission fields.

. "A FOREIGN DEVIL OF THE SECOND DEGREE". . By REv. C. E. SCOTT 136 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. W. H. FARMER 137 A Nsw WAY FOR A NEW DAY M~SSAGES FROM ORII,NTAI, STUDENTS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY • 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. (~.OO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Sin&'le copies 25. cents. Pubhshed Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second c1als matter at the postoflice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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A tree burning for 9 months EDITORIAL AND

CHAT ~et on fire June, 1918, and still burning last March. Would your Sunday-school Perhaps you feel isolated even class want to hear more if you began from our thoughts of you-you may your lesson on "Sin and Its Conse- quences" that way? think that here in our office we Death never means annihilation cannot appreciate the kind of man -it means separatiou. Physical death, or woman you are; how you feel soul and body separat.>d. Spiritual and what your desires are, the aims death: soul separated from Cod. Ever- you have in life. But we know you lasting death: soul and body separated better than you may think, and we from God forever. Would this have made want you to feel that you know us.

that lesson on Sin's Consequences clearer?

Motherhood and sorrow . After reading the Review year after year you must have some conception -why have they always been linked of the people who edit it-the kind together? And why is man, not woman, of folk who have a part in produc- the head of the race and family? Could you answer these questions when you ing it. Sometimes you write us of taught that lesson of Siu? your hopes and ideals or ask our advice and this draws us nearer to Fishin' Up ole Sucker Run -when we were boys, and, feeling under you. Again you may have a sug- the bank for a sucker, grabUng by mis- gestion to give us and once in a while you complain about this or take Mr. Water Snaker Yes it makes a that, and often you send words of great illustration for teaching the lesson of Sin.

A single grain of iodine encouragement which help to brighten -will discolor seven thousaud times its the day.

weight of water. See the point? Each day's correspondence makes New Thought and Christian Science stronger the link between us, gives -did you show your class their poison us a fresher insight into the hearts when you taught the lesson on Sin? "Sin of our friends. How then can we is a delusion … unreal," says Mrs. Eddy. fail to understand the people who "Christ died for our sins," says God. are interested in the things the Re- Does your class know where the lie is? view stands. for-the cause which binds us close in fellowship? All these vivid points We want the Review to be of were in one department of one recent issue of constant help and inspiration to you, and as it is our endeavor to broaden when the Improved International Uuifonn its sphere of usefulness, we ask you to encourage others to subscribe Sunday-School Lesson Was on "Sin and Its for it, that they also may be benefited. Consequences." They are from Increased circulation means a wider usefulness; increased efficiency in Th. Lesson Pilot By CharI•• Gallaudel Trumbull missionary work at home and abroad. The Lesson as. Whole Prophecy in this Lesson By W. H. Griffith Thoma•. D. D. Our advertisers know how we feel The Bu~ Men's Corner By Howard A. Bank. Illuatr.t",,! Round Table By William H. Ridgway My Chias of Girl. By 100,000 Reader. The Lesson Csrtoon By Mrs. S. H. Askew By E. J. Pace But to these are added every week Pucker's .about you-we tell them. And it "Boy's-Eye-View," Philip E. Howard's Plat- is our estimation of you which has form word, Mrs. Bryner's Primary help, led them to purchase space in the Review's columns. That our judg- Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis' "Teaching Prin- ciple," and the fascinating Little. Jetts Teaching the Lesson ment of you is correct is shown by the gratifying returns advertisers OftI- '. It is true to tbe whole Bible as the infalllble Word of God, and tbe have had from the RevIew. We .'A Qel"',;t[ shed blood of Jesus as the only need the support of advertisers for THE C-9l.t. way of salvation. this every- income sake, and then again we feel week Interdenominatjonal that the advertising section is of Journal for Adults In real value to you, giving you sug- TSUIMNDESAYCSOCM HOPOLAN"Yt"e""," Bible .study and gestions for use in your work, for 1131 W.I…t St., Philo. Oq~ T,achlng, Sunday- personal wants, for your reading, the school needs of your church, your home.

7. -~ For the 26 cents enclosed 10 p_ .and The Sunday r"e,,~.. 8chool TimlIII for 10 weekS to ….0. 1- your society or school and in many q N~e other ways. It will pay you to know ————————— ~&~ our advertisers in the same way that Ad~ ~ it pays them to know you.

Please mention TaB MIslnoNAIIT REvllIlw 01' 'rllB WORLD In writlnc to ad,."rttlen MISSIONARY PERSONALS RIW. SAMU!!I. M. ZW!!MI!R, D. D., of Cairo, in response to an urgent cablegram from Dr. John R. Mott, returned to America in December to soeak at the . Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines, Iowa, December 31 to January 4.

MI.I.!!. JUI.IA ME;RI.!! D'AuBIGNE, youngest You, daughter of the Genevese historian, is now in America for the purpose of raising Inasmuch as 350.000 users have testified to the funds for the families of French Protest- wonderful results obtaJned from the "ACOUSTIant pastors. CON." we fool perfectly safe In urging every deaf person, wtthout a penny of expense, solely and FI.E;MING H. RIWI!r.I., the publisher, has entirely a.t our risk to accept the been elected to represent the American Committee of the Mission to Lepers at Famous Acousticon the All-India Leper Workers' Conference to be held at Calcutta in February. For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL DR. CORNE;I.rus H. PATTON, after an ab- NO DEPOSIT – NO EXPENSE sence of over six months in China, Korea and Japan, has returned to his Boston Slnce the perfecting of our new If ACOUsrICON." It 1& headquarters, having gathered much valu- smaller, better. aod Just as strong 88 ever. able material for surveys of the Interchurch World Movement. th~UEf~~o~tWIl~~W~~ y~'lt:~rf3dJt h=nlr!r~::l ~ cent. tor we even pay delivery cha.rges. RE;V. E. M. POTIlAT, D. D., formerly President of Furman University, South WARNING! ~h~e~d·~otD':n:::so:, ll~ar":~~i Carolina, has been elected executive secretary of the department of promotion of offer BS "We do, so do not send money for any Instru.. religious life in the Baptist General Board ment for the denf until you baTe tried It. of Promotion. Tbe uACOUSTICON" has improvements and patented features which cannot be duplicated. So no matter what r.1Uclfu~T~~8:kl!. t~~;S!ndsec~~:C:;~~=~y~uO!l;:: to decIde. Address Didograpb Products Corporation, 1447 BId•.. NewYork MRs. WII.I.IAM H. FARMI!R, Director of nlontgoDlery VVard Women's Activities of the Interchurch World Movement, is preparing a plan to & Company enlist women in the Ten Million League of Christian Stewards. Manufacturers and Exporters of General Merchandise M:a. W. R. LAN!!, Y. M. C. A. worker among soldiers in Egypt, is spending the first three months of 1920 in cooperation with all Christian agencies which are working among imperial and colonial troops in Egypt.

RIW. STANr.I!Y JONE;S, of India, will visit Have catered to the requirements of Siam to assist in a special evangelistic Missionaries in all parts of the world, campaign. Bangkok has an estimated In- for over 25 years. dian population of 5,000, and it is hoped' that much will be accomplished among You are Invited them by the visit of a missionary from their home land. to write for a copy of our large Catalog of general Merchandise and our special GUY W. HAMRTON, M. D., of Shuntefu, China, has been appointed a delegate to Missionary Circular the post-war conference of Presbyterian missionaries, to be held in Princeton, We guarantee safe delivery N. J., June 19-27, 1920.

R!!v. GOORG!! L. DAVIS, Methodist mis- anywhere sionary in Peking, and DR. MARK S. Hop- MONTGOMERY WARD & COMPANY KINS, of Shansi, have been awarded the decoration of Chiao He, third rank, for Misaionary Bureau work in flood and famine relief. CHICAGO, ILL.

(Continued on page VI) Pleas, mention 'l'mI MISSIONARY RBVIEW 011' THlI WOIILII In Wl1tInc to advertisers YEAR BOOK MISSIONARY PERSONALS OF THE CHURCHES Continued from pag, v FOR 1920 REV. PAUL KANAMORI, Japanese evan- CONTAINS gelist, has come to America to equip himself for still greater service in his own Directory of Religious Bodies of U. S. country. He has established his headquar- ters at Hartford, Conn., and expects to Officers, boards. schools. periodicals visit many sections of the United States Directory of Interchurch Organizations during 1920.

Headquarters. officers. purpose MiISS HELEN McDOUGALL of Edinburgh, Listof Chaplains in Army and Navy associate of the late Dr. Elsie Inglis in Official Religious Statistics the famous Scottish Women's Hospital Unit in Serbia, has gone to Peru to take Churches. Home and Foreign Missions. up medical mission work under the United Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A. Free Church of Scotland. Description of Federal Council Description of Interchurch World Move- MISS HERMAINE DAKESIAN, a twenty- ment. year-old Armenian, who survived four years of Turkish cruelty, has entered Etc., etc. Oberlin College, Ohio.

Every Church Worker Needs It DR. T. JAYS, missIOnary of the Church Missionary Society and a former secre- Price 75 cents tary of the Student Christian Movement, has accepted the post of Vice-Principal of . Federal Council of the Churches Livingstone College, Leyton, England.

105 E. 22d Street, New York Cit, REV. CHARLES M. SHELDON, D. D., author of "In His Steps" and other vol- umes, became Editor-in-chlef of The ChristicIn Herald, on January 1st.

Old Bibles DR. FRANCIS E. CLARK sailed January Re .. Bound 10 for a Christian Endeavor journey of three or four months in France, Switzer- Haven't you often wanted that old land, Jugo-Slavia and Finland. Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all REv. M. ELI BIlRTALO't, head of the Waldensian chaplains and a knight of the crown of Italy, has come to the United States on a speaking tour in behalf of the Waldensians.

its associations and sentiment ";I You MR. WILLIAM T. ELLIS, journalist and lecturer, who was accused by the British have wondered where you could have government of making seditious speeches in Egypt last year, has been completely the work done and perhaps you have exonerated from all such charges by the State Department at Washington. thought the price would be prohibitive. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work. DR. ALBERT CARLESS, a famou& English surgeon and author of a Manual of manship and services of men who have made Surgery which is known in Europe and a specialty of this kind of work. You can America and has been translated into have your Bible expertly rebound in leather Chinese, Arabian and other languages, has or cloth. decided to devote the remainder of his life to work as medical director of the Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Bernardo Homes in England. – I will send you an estimate of the cost subject to your approval before the work is MISS CAROLINE C. BUSH, missionary of done. If this estimate is not satisfactory, 1 the American Board in Harpoot, Turkey, will return your Bible without charge. for thirty-eight years, died in Auburndale, Mass., November 26, 1919. Miss Bush R. H. HOWLAND was the youngest and last of the group 156 Fifth Ave., New York of eight missionaries who built up the Harpoot station.

Pi…. meatiol> TBlI Ml88ION.utT RBVIBW or THJI WOBLD In writlnc to ad.,ertlar.

8140 STUDENT VOLUNTEERS HAVE GONE IN THE PAST THIRTY· THREE

Mexico 202 Central America 60 Europe 42 Turkey 270 India 1570 China 2525 Siam, etc. 155 Oceania 68 West India 226 South America 574 Africa 869 Arabia 31 Persia 76 Japan, etc. 987 Philippines 217 Other Landa 275

GREAT AUDIENCE OF' SEVEN THOUSAND STUDENTS AT THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES

The delegates included nearly five hundred foreign students from various mission fields

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, FEBRUARY, 1920 )f""". Two AN EPOCH MAKING CONFERENCE I T is difficult to estimate the positive or relative importance of contemporaneous events. A seemingly insignificant occurrence may, in the light of subsequent history, prove to be the means of turning the world upside down. Few, if any, who lived in the days of the Apostle Paul, or of Savonarola, or of William Carey could have foretold the train of events that were to follow from movements initiated by them. "Behold how great a matter (for good or for evil) a little fire kindletb." Two years ago the REVIEW published an address delivered by Mr.•Tames M. Speers, of New York, at the Foreign Missions Conference. This was one of the forerunners of what has now become the great "Interchurch World Movement." This Movement has now an employed force of nearly fifteen hundred men and women, has united in a common task over thirty denominations and nearly a hundred Protestant missionary organizations, and proposes to appeal to American Christians for over one billion three hundred thousand dollars in five years for Protestant benevolent work at home and abroad! The conception is tremendous and inspiring.

The Interchurch World Survey Conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9, under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement to present to leaders of the various denominations the facts revealed by the surveys thus far completed, showing the magnitude of the task before the Christjan Church, the resources available and the need for immediate, united and harmonious action to win the world to Christ. It was an inspiring and remarkable conference and one that may well be regarded as epoch making to the Church and the world. Nearly fifteen hundred delegates came together from all parts of the United States. For: three days they met in almost continuous session from 9 :15 a. m. until 10 p. m., and in addition many were engaged in conferences at breakfast, luncheon and dinner, and far into the nights.

81

The conference was planned and conducted in a masterful way. The ground floor of the steel pier was filled with a striking exhibit of charts, mottoes, maps, photographs and books to show the results of the surveys at home and abroad. The sessions were first devoted to a graphic presentation of the results of the surveys of the home fields and problems, the religious educational institutions, hospitals and benevolent homes, and the needs of people in foreign lands. Then followed the presentation of the vast resources of the Christian Church in spiritual possibilities, in money and in men, and the plans for marshaling these in a united effort of evangelical Christians to obey the commands and follow the lead of Jesus Christ for the redemption of mankind. One very telling address waS that given by Dr, S. Earl Taylor, in which he showed how the Centenary Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church has increased the income of the Methodist Boards from a little over three million to over twenty million a year.

Carefully chosen committees studied the program of the movement, the proposed budget and the plans for a financial campaign and presented their recommendations to the conference. These reports were fully and freely· discussed, questions and objections were answered and as a result the conference heartily approved of the plans of the Movement and set the date for the simultaneous financial inga,thering for April 21st to May 2nd, of this year. January ·will be devoted to Spiritual Resources, February to Stewardship and March to Life Service Campaigns.

The result of this confe'rence is to make the Interchurch World Movement an accredited organization and to set the approval of leaders of most branches of the Evangelical Christian Church in America on the plan to cooperate in a world wide survey, a nationwide presentation of the needs of men and a simultaneous effort to enlist Christians in the effort to supply the men and money needed for the speedy evangelization of the world.

THE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS IN DES MOINES .UPPOSE that the seven thousand students at the recent Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines had all vol- S unteered in a body to go to the foreign mission field. Would it be an advantage to the missionary cause to send them T The need of the various fields was powerfully presented and many moving appeals were made for immediate reinforcements. If such appeals had been made for soldiers, doctors and nurses during the war, no doubt a very large proportion of the students would have offered themselves, for they were a splendid, earnest body of young men and young women. But it would be little short of a calamity if all the students at Des Moines were to be sent to the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

field. It would be as foolish and as disastrous as it would be to send volunteers promiscuously to represent the American govern- ment in foreign lands. That is to say-these young men and young women are not ready. The most important thing in mission- ary work is not workers, nor is it money. The thing of first im- portance is that those whom God calls for His work, respond by yielding themselves fully to Him, and that they go where He would send them-here or there is of secondary importance!

That the Des Moines Convention had some practical resultl!l of the right sort is shown by the remark of a Princeton man at one of the delegation meetings, who said: "Well, fellows, I know what this means for me. It means that I must go back home and evangelize my own father in this generation." If such a spirit and practical fruitage could come to each of the seven thousand students it would mean the speedy evangelization of America and' of the world. These students came from over one thousand educational institutions and represented the 300,000 members of the student bodies in the 3,000 colleges, universities and professional schools of North America.

The gathering of such an immense number of young men and young women as crowded the Ooliseum of Des Moines, Iowa, for four days (December 31st to January 4th) was in itself an inspiration. One could not fail to be thrilled by the possibilities wrapped up in such a host of young lives if only they could be vitalized, directed and empowered by the Spirit of God. The volume of song as seven thousand voices joined in singing "May Jesus Ohrist Be Praised" or "The Son of God Goes Forth to War," stirred one's heart as did the addresses from such leaders as Sherwood Eddy, from missionaries like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. from Board Secretaries like Dr. John W. Wood, from teachers like Dean Brown of Yale, public men like Dr. George E. Vincent of the Rockefeller Foundation, from church leaders like Bishop W. F .. McDowell of Washington, from women like Helen Barrett Montgomery of RochesteT, and from the products of miJssions like Paul Kanamori of Japan.

A most impressive sight was the gathering of young men and young women of other races from all the great mission ·fields-the living products of Ohristian missions. These included 153 Ohinese, fifty-five Japanese and eighteen Filipinos, as well as nearly two hundred from some forty other lands, such as Korea, India, Africa, Mexico, South America Europe and Hawaii. It was like a visit to the mission fields to go from one of these foreign delegates' conferences to another, hearing the discussions of the problems of non-Ohristian religions, politics and religion, social and industrial welfare, education, medical work and evangelism in each separate country. The eloquence and earnestness of these foreign students

was an example to the American college students, too many of whom come without serious purpose or interest in Christian missions. Here also was a concrete example of the unity of all races and classes, and types of thinking in the one family of Jesus Christ.

The tide of interest rose as the days progressed, and many who had come from curiosity, for social reasons, or because they expected merely a great student rally, were captured for Christ and His service. The effect of the war was' evident in the mental attitude of the students. There was a demand for facts and for open discussion of problems rather than a desire to listen to the statements of ideals and exhortations to follow them. Nevertheless many delegates were led to the point of surrender of their lives to Christ and saw a new vision of the need of the people untouched by Christ. The 1,500 student volunteers present were a noble band whose influence permeated the convention. This is twice the total number of the delegates who met in the first Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. They were the crusaders already committed to serve in the great campaign to reclaim the world for Christ.

The volunteer Movement has had an incalcuable influence in the world since it was founded thirty-three years ago,-already over 8,000 volunteers have sailed. In addition to this 47,000 students are now enrolled in mission study classes; colleges and seminaries have established missionary lectureships, students are themselves giving over $300,000 a year to missions; the WorId Christian Student Federation has been formed, enrolling Christian Rtudents in all lands and untold influence has been exerted on churches and colleges at home and on the mission fields. Among other out-growths of the Volunteer Movement are the Laymen's Missionary Movement and the Missionary Education Movement.

What the recent convention will mean to the delegates, the . Church at home and to the cause of Christ at home and abroad, it is too early to form an opinion. It is not to be judged by the $45,000 per year that was subscribed in a few minutes on Saturday evening for the eX'penses of the meeting, nor by the expressions of approv~l of the meetings nor even by the number of young men and women who signed Volunteer declaration cards-it might be a calamity in some instances to have them take up mission work. The student leaders adopted a resolution (proposed by the New York delegation) recommending that all the delegates, on returning to their universities, devote January to reporting the convention to their fellow students and to the churches; February and March to the study of the teachings of Christ and their application to present conditions; April to recruiting for service at home and abroad and to the pressing of the claims of community betterment

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 8S

and Christian internationalism and that during 1920 an effort be made to raise at least $1,000,000 from college students for Christian work abroad.

The real value of the convention is to be judged by the number of lives that have been brought into vital touch with God through surrender to Jesus Christ, that have brought their lives and ambitions into harmony with His program and that selfforgetfully devote themselves and all that they have to the service of men wherever God may direct them. The leaders who have received the vitalizing influence and the vision at this convention may be the means, under God, of changing the destines of mankind by "the evangelization of the world in this generation."

THE NEW CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY AT PEKING C HRISTIAN education in China has been marked by three distinct tendencies; a movement toward union of various de- nominations in higher education, an increased effort to develop types of education which may be of practical service in China, and a new emphasis upon education for women. These three tendencies are embodied in a unique way by the recently reorganized Christian University of Peking. This unites the Methodist University of Peking, the Union College at Tungchou supported by the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists and the London Missionary Society, and two theological schools in which the same four denominations have been represented. The University expects to include departments of arts and iSciences and theology, schools of education, of jouralism, of agriculture and forestry, and of vocational and industrial training. With it is to be affiliated the Womans Union College at Peking.

Among the leaders called to the University from other parts of China are a president, Dr. J. Leighton Stuart formerly of the Theological Seminary atNanking, a vice-president, Henry W. Luce, formerly of Shantung University and a secretary, Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler, formerly secretary of Hangchow Christian College. A site for the University has been chosen, and a campaign for $2,000,- 000 for buildings and equipment is being conducted in England, America and China, under the leadership of the University Board of Trustees.

The plan of a great Christian University in Peking has developed by a resistless evolution in the minds of the members of the missions in China, after the complete destruction of every mission plant in the Boxer ,cataclysm of 1900. There should be at Peking one of the strongest Christian universities, not only in China but in Asia, because in all human probability Peking will continue to be the capital of the most populous nation of the world.

Not only has the university been thus welcomed by recognized

Christiall leaders, such as Dr. Arthur H. Smith and Dr. John R. Mott, but it has also received support and help from representatives <of Chinese business and political leaders.

Mr. Julian Arnold, American Commercial Attache at Peking Bxpresses the opinion that since the China of fifty years hence will be directly influenced by the character of education given Chinese ;sons and daughters during the next ten or twenty years, men and women mu!:?t be trained to meet the needs of a modern industrial, commercial, agricultural and economic society,but unless great care is exercised in planning the sort of education for these needs, this education may fail utterly in giving to the people those ethical concep·· tions of the relations of man to man essential to their success and happiness. In a word, the leaders of the new China must be men and women of strong Christian character, if China is to be a blessing to modern civilization.

THE SITUATION IN KOREA A CORRESPONDENT in Seoul writes that since the new Jap- anese administration came into office (September 1st) some minor reforms have been announced and a promise of selfgovernment has been made-to come into effect "when the time is considered opportune." The government is undoubtedly more disposed than formerly to consider the feelings of the Koreans, but with no idea apparently of granting them independence. No general amnesty has been granted to those imprisoned on political grounds, nor have flogging and torture been abolished. . The Koreans on their part are bitterly opposed either to (extermination or to absorption. They will be satisfied only with :autonomy. Some are inclined to compromise and to take what (they can get. They have adopted a policy of watchful waiting and have declined, in spite of warnings, to display the Japanese flag before their shops on holidays. The students have returned to school and educational work is returning to normal conditions. Students in the higher grade schools refused to attend the ceremonies on the Emperor's birthday on October 31st, when all students are required to bow before the Emperor's picture. Suspension for this rebellion has been threatened but no action has been taken by the authorities. The Christians are naturally very much disturbed, and the :work in mission schools and churches is greatly hampered because of the general unrest.

There is hope that the Japanese will conciliate the Koreans and will grant many liberal reforms, such as the repeal of the ordinance requiring the use 0.£ the Japanese language in schools, giving equality before the courts, enforcing social justice, granting political amnesty and abolishing all forms of torture in the examination of prisoners. Korea is still at a critical stage.

A CHANGING APPREHENSION OF CHRISID,· ''

C HRISTIANITY is not the unchanging apprehension or Christ. While He is the same yesterday and today and forever' in Himself, woe to the Christian, if Jesus Christ is only the same to us today that He was yesterday and is to be the same tons tomorrow that He is today. Christianity is the apprehensiqn of the unchanging Christ. – Our great need in personal religious experience is the 'dis- covery of the as yet unapprehended resources and gifts which are available for us in the exhaustless and illimitable Lord. In one sense, it is a new discovery that we need i in another sense, it is only a rediscovery of that which was apprehended by men long centuries ago. We must find, somehow, a way to expand our conception of Christ, so that we can recover that early apostolic belief in Him not only as the Divine Saviour of man, but as the complete revelation of the ideal character of man and of the true spirit of human society. When individual character stands in the illumination of Christ's own presence, men get their first startling apprehension of how absolute and commanding and complete is the figure of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Let any man bring his cha.racter or his ideals of character into that light, and something speaks to him at once that ranges beyond all that he has ever known or been.

Horace Bushnell wrote a chapter on the character of Jesus in which he showed the impossibility of His classification With men. He called the chapter "The Character of Jesus" but any man who reads the chapter -sees that it ought to bear. the. title "The character of Horace Bushnell revealed by his capacity to estimate the character of Jesus Christ."

Just in proportion as we bring our lives into the unclouded scrutiny of the presence of Christ, we see a vision looining above us, and realize that there is a call to enlargement of human character, to great ranges of human hope and faith, the possibilities of human friendship and affection, revealed in Christ, only on the threshold of which Christian men have ever dared to begin to -stand.

But it is not only that larger apprehension of Christ as the revelation of individual character that we need today, it is the revelation of Christ Himself as the new and authentic spirit. of human society. Men on .every hand today are making a claim • Note8 from an address given at the Y. M. C. A. Convention in Detroit. R. 2. s.

87,

for a partisan Christ. The whole movement of Bourbonism is Ol.r economic life 'has tried to shelter itself behind the figure of Christ as the justification of, an economic, static order in human society. On the other hand, the whole body of wild radicals who would surrender the priceless traditions of the past and, all the slowly accumulated gains of our age long struggle are trying to thrust their banner of radicalism into the hands of the Carpenter revolutionist.

Christ will be made the head of no faction, the leader of ~o party. Christ stands for the' spirit of absolute, sacrificial f:!r~d unselfish ministry in the whole of human life, and society will continue just as we see it today, a great welter of conflicting interests across the chasms within a nation and across the ~fs that lie between the nations, until that larger Christ OOllles in, who shall lay His standards of character on every man and the spirit of His broad love on all human life.

.In the second place, we need the enlargement of our apprehen- ~on 'of Christ to recover the old apostolic faith in Him, as the liIni,tless, all-powerful Saviour. The impress that He made on His time was the impresS' of power, of fortitude, of limitless courage, of faith in the unseen: no impression of weakness in t.hat great Spirit that had burst in revolt against all the limitations and the bounds of life in the years gone by!

The great outstanding word of the New Testament is the word "power." In the Concordance it occurs nearly three times as often as the word "hope" or the word "prayer" and twice 8S often as the noun "love." The great note of Christ's work in the world, the great note of His perpetual eminence in humanity is the note of power. He was "declared to be the Son of God with power by His rising again from the dead."

We need that larger view of Christ that will not abridge or limit His power. We need His power of fearless and penetrating diagnosis of moral and spiritual need. We need that power released upon our life in larger volumes today, to break the shackles of all our old habits of acceptance of what was practicable, our habits of acquiescence in moral achievement in life, our habits of surrender to defeat and shortcoming and moral delinquency. We need to realize that there are no psychologic laws that can abridge or limit or hinder the power that raised Jesus Christ from the dead. There are no limitations around the power of God. A God who was able to conquer death by the resurrection of His son is able today to slay any foe that needs to be slain, to do any work that needs to be done, to bnild in our own generation the walls of the Kingdom of God upon the earth.

We need a larger thought of Christ's power, as unhindered, as

EDITORAL COMMENT

revealing the real modern need of humanity, to accomplish today the work that our day needs.

Once again we need the expansion of our thought of Christ to understand Him in the sense in which the New Testament conceived Him. It is the wonder of all time that the Holy Spirit was able to expand the mind of that generation so it' could appre- hend Christ. As Somerville has put it in his great book on St. Paul's conception of Christ, we need to conceive Him now more than ever in human history as the Head of all humanity.

Of course, we can say that we will shelter ourselves within the boundaries of our own nation, but we can only say it, we can never do it. We never can deny the absolute and irresistible facts .

of the world today. Life the whole world over is all one life now, and you can never tear the interests of the nations asunder again.

Anyone nation, of course, can deny itself the gains of acknowledg- ing the facts of human life and relating itself to the rest of the world, but can never escape the penalties of that relationship, nor ever again in human history dissociate its interests, even the least of them from all the interests of mankind everywhere. .

We need to pass out not only into the larger thought of Christ as· the revelation of personal character and the spirit that ought to pervade human society, as the fountain of power and the revealing of God's will which He would like to achieve through man; we need to let into our lives the thought of Christ in the relationship which He sustains to you and to me, because poten- tially He sustains that same relationship to every man. W:e must lay hold on Him and let Him lay hold on us, as the light of all the world today, and interpret the character and obligations of Christian manhood in terms of thought characteristic of Christ and be ourselves the bearers of that light to all the darkened sections of the world.

The trouble of mankind today is no mere ethical trouble; it is a biological trouble. We have not the energies of life within us and we never can draw out of our tepid wills and our moral feebleness the great energies that alone can remake the world.

We must tap the new Fountain of life, the great Fountain of God's own life, unsealed in the Cross and the open grave of Christ. We must take Him not only as the Light of the World and as the life of man, but we must take Him as our Head, and, because our Head, the Head of all humanity.

Ohrist came to be not the Head of us, one by one, in our churches, in this brotherhood alone, but He came to be the Head of all mankind. No religion of social methods, of political systems, of moral ideals, has the flexibility and the adaptation and the power to make it fit the needs of the living world. Only the personal faith, behind which lies the infinite Pers'on, our Lord

Jesus Christ, is adaptable to the needs of all men in all lands, in all times. He is sufficient, this greater Christ, for all the world now!

But our problem is not about Christ; our problem is about ourselves. Do we conceive Him in truth or have we emptied Christ of His greatness ~ Have we been satisfied with· some small, partial figure, when the iniinite and inexhaustible Lord was calling us; have we failed Him? Are we afraid to let Him make us greaU Are we so little and so content in our littleness, that we dare not pass out of it at His call, who would bid us walk with Him in the great free ranges of the unmeasured power of His Father ~ Are we timid to make this known to men; to go out into the world and tell men Who has the remedy for human sickness 1 We live today in a practically unevangelized world; l!nd yet we have a Christ adequate for every man, and He is asking us, not do we think that He is sufficient, but how far we have fallen from being even the men that He has a right to expect us to· be. Is it not time that we began now to be that kind of men; to believe in the Christ of the New Testament; today, whim He laid hold upon us in our weakness and our loneliness, became our strength and our friend T MISS ANNA T. VAN SANTVOORD O NE OF THE members of the Board of Directors of the Missionary Review Publishing Company, Miss Anna T. Van Santvoord of New York, fell asleep in Christ on the evening of December 23rd. The loss to the REVIEW and to the missionary cause is most keenly felt as Miss Van Santvoord had, by her fidelity, her high ideals, her wise counsel and her generous gifts helped to direct the policies of the REVIEW for the past year and she had made it possible for many missionaries to receive the henefit of the monthly visits of the magazine. For many years she had been vitally interested in all forms of Christian work and was a generous supporter of missionary and benevolent enterprises.

The many devoted friends of Miss Van Santvoord have suffered an unspeakable loss, but the memory of her Christlike character and radiant life, her loving service, her sympathetic and helpful comradeship, will never pass away.

Miss Van Santvoord was the daughter of the late Commodore Van Santvoord, the founder of the Hudson River Day Line, and was an active member of the Reformed Church in America. Her many natural gifts and graces were crowned by a deep spiritual life so that all her talents were used in the service of her King and of His children. Her liberality extended her ministries not only over America but to far distant lands, so that her influence was in· reality world wide.

A GLIMPSE OF THE TIBETAN TABLE LANDS AND MOUNTAIN

Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia BY JOHN R. MUIR, PENGSHAN HSIEN, SZCHUAN Missionary of the China Inland Mission GREAT CRISES produoe great heroes. Now that the world war has come to an end what will become of the martial spirit that has spent itself in military campaigns 1 Let us hope that the spirit of service and sacrifice will manifest itself in hard and dangerous tasks undertaken for J lesus Christ. One such task that calls for volunteers is to enter those fields now without a knowledge of Christ, and none of these is more in need of pioneers than the great unevangelized stretches of Central Asia.

A glance at the map is sufficient to show that there is still much land to be possessed. Practically the whole of the mountainous region of Asia lies in utter ignorance of Christ. "This mountainous country (from 1200 E. 500 N.) stretches in a southwesterly direction and is fairly continuous all the way from Manchuria (across Mongolia and Eastern Turkestan) to the 91

Tianshan Mountains of Turkestan." 1 South of this is an immense depression, in places lower than sea-level and as far ·as the Kwenlun Mountains, where the rise commences to the level of the Tibetan Plateau. It is bounded by Kashmir on the west, India on the south, .and China on the east. This enormous mountain region is to Asia what Switzerland is to Europe. From these mountains flow the great rivers which bring life to the fertile valleys of Siberia, China and India.

These mountainous wastes are not uninhabited, for men have chosen to live there. Many tribes live in Central Asia under varied conditions. There are the Tartar hordes who overran Asia and part of Europe, and the Manchus who went to China. The histories of China are full of references to the Man and the Meng, the Miao, the Yi, and the Tih-all fearsome tribes who were with difficulty kept beyond the frontiers. The Great Wall stretching across the northern boundary of China tells the story.

Not all of this territory of Central Asia is habitable. There are great deserts, as Gobi in southwestern Mongolia and Taklamakan in Eastern Turkestan. Portions' of Tibet are masses of eternal snow and ice. SOIllle districts are arid and unproductive, and many rivers flow into lakes to which there is no apparent outlet. It would not be an exaggeration to say that fifty percent of the two and one half million square miles will not support a permanent population.

But not all of the territory is a desert. There are rolling grass-lands where the shepherd nomads of Mongolia and Tibet feed their flocks. There are well-watered valleys where the peaoo~ ful Uriankhai of northern Mongolia and the warlike Nepali and Bhutanese gather rich crops. There are centers of population where the Turki traders hold their markets. These fifteen millions of· people need Christ's message of salvation.

The following countries am included in our survey: Mongolia AREA POPULATION E. Turkestan Tibet 1,367,953 sq. miles 3,000,000 Nepal 550579" " 1,200,000 Bhutan 463'320" " 6,000,000 5,000,000 54,'459" " 15,200,000 2,436,311 "

With the exception of Nepal the entire field is very sparsely populated. In some districts people may be found by the thousands while in others there are no dwellings.

• Quoted from "UnknOWD Mongolia" Carruthers.

19201 UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

A GATHERING OF TIBETANS AT A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL Whether we approach this field from the east, the west, north 01' south, the same difficulties confront one due to the mountains and .the absence of railways. Them are no easy routes to Central Asia nor will there be till 'We are able to travel by air. Travelers who encircle the globe in yachts and cross continents in palace cars would marvel at the slow-moving caravans of awkward looking yak, ungainly camels, or obstinate mules, that cross uninviting mountains by roads of indescribable roughness. Many of the roads reach altitudes of 17,000 feet and the average day's journey is about twenty-five miles.

There are, of course, no continuous water routes. Occasionally there is a river where light craft may go down stream over dangerous rapids. Navigable lakes are almost unknown. Therefore the saddle is the traveler's Sleat month after month. There are no well built highways and many of the roads are mere caravan trade routes. The traders do not stop to repair the roads and the government is indifferent or helpless. The monotony of such traveling is happily relieved by the grassy steppes on which one finds herds and flocks under the care of the shepherds; other days are passed without a sign of "any human beings.

In these regions there are whole tribes of which we know little more than the name; and others still unknown in Europe and America. Missionaries, explorers and travelers have crossed and recrossed these mountains from the time of Marco Polo or of

the ea,rliest Nestorian evangelists, but they have usually followed i~he main highways, so that the country to the right and left still lies in obscurity. Generally speaking, the people of Mongolia, Turkestan and Tibet have many kindred characteristics, though illey may not be of kindred races. Mountain conditions have combined to produce similar types in the Tatars, Turkis and Tibetans. The people of Nepal and Bhutan though similar, have been influenced by the Aryan civilization of India.

In the main, the people of Central Asia are primitive children of nature. Their arts are among the crudest known in the world today, though they have borrowed much from their more civilized neighbors. Living much in the open air they are vigorous and athletic. Were it not for their uncleanly habits they would be healthy; but as it is, filth and immorality produce many diseases. As they have lived long under the authority of a superior government they have learned to be amenable to a degree. T1re,y are, moreover, open-minded and inclined to listen to new ideas. Being accustomed to the servitude imposed upon them by the Chinese overlords, as well as their own feudal masters, they are psychologically fitted to embrace a faith that will give them liberty. They have not yet, however, begun to l'1e,alize the meaning of freedom in Christ Jesus.

The social conditions in Central Asia vary considerably according to the location, race, tribe, or religion. Most of the Mongolians and the Tibetans aIle' nomadic shepherds, and are akin religiously. But in northern Mongolia the Uriankhai are farmers and settled in villages. The people of Turkestan are roving Mohammedan traders, following the ancient trade rout.€,s between western Asia and China. The Ghoorkhas of Nepal are a warlike race who follow agriculture for a livelihood, but ever ready for the warpath.

Mongolia may be divided into four zones: Southern zone Cerdos tribes, etc. Pop. 1,000,000 Pastureland No pop. Desert zone (Gobi) One fourth of whole area Waste Central zone South of border ranges Pastureland Uriankhai, Tartar tribes Small Pop. Northern zone 2/3 of Population Most of the country is pasture Dr desert. Recently a British traveler, Douglas Carruthers, has given us additional light on northern Mongolia, and has introduced us to the interesting peoples of that region. He says that two-thirds of the Mongolians live in the northern zone', so that if our previous estimate of 3,000,000 for Mongolia accounts chiefly for the southern tribes, the total number may be considerably larger.

In this part of "unknown Mongolia" are to be found the remains of those Tartar tribes which once oVierran the world. Kublai Khan almost accomplished what Napoleon and others have sought to do. With his capital in a remote comer of Mongolia,

UNOCCUPIED i<'IELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

where once his ancestors dwelt in humble tents, he fixed his magnificent court from whence he ruled the world. The children of his shepherd warriors still live there, but the world is unknown to them and they are unknown to the world. To the northward beyond the ranges of the plateau in the upper basin of Siberia's great River, Yenisei, are people called Uriankhai and Kalmuk. They are still nominally a part of Mongolia, although under a strong Russian influence.

Eastern Turkestan is called by the Chinese Sinkiang, and is sometimes also called Chinese Turkestan. In common with Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet it has been a dependency of China. It was not one of the provinces but a subject territory. Eastern Turkestan, the most western of China's territories, is divided into three zones: Southern Kashgaria Mohammedan Central Taklamakan Desert Northern Zungaria Mohammedan In Kaspgaris nine-tenths of the, people are said to be Barts, or villagers of mixed Turki extraction. Of the remainder only a very small percentage are of Chinese blood, although the country is ruled by Chinese. Zungaria shows a great admixture of tribes, including Mongolians and Tibetans.

In Tibet we find similar conditions without the vast desert areas, such as are found in Mongolia and Turkestan. The country is divided into several main divisions: North East Kokonor Pastureland South East Khams South Central Tsang Pasture and farming Western Ngari """

Pastureland Between these, and among them, are the waste places. No part of Tibet is under 10,000 ft. in altitude and the average is between 12,000 and 14,000 ft. The people consequently live in the lower valleys, but in summer the nomads may be found on the higher steppes wherever they find pasturage, Many of the social conditions of Tibet are found in the other regions of Central Asia. Practically none of thel Chinese going into these territories' take Chinese wives with them. The result is temporary marriages, with abandonment of wife and children when a changle' of location becomes necessary. Mohammedans of Kashgaria and the Mongolians and Tibetans live very immoral Hves. Polandry, such as exists in Tibet, is not so much a system of conjugal relationship as the result of utter lack of restraint in sex relations.

This custom gives woman a unique position in the household. Her male associates come and go. They may be brothers of a family, or Chinese traders or more transient visitors. She always represents the "home," such as it is, and as such is the "head of the house." The children born under such conditions' live no betiJe'r than their elders. Virtue according to Chinese standards is unknown, and youth is blighted early.

While much of the population is nomadic and moves about as shepherds, or traders, small communities are found in places where more permanent abodes are possible. The nomads have their centers where all gather for mutual protection and assistance during the winter months. They gellJerally live in tents, even in these temporary villages. A Chinese generally builds a house and even the frontier guards and minor military officers live in block houses. Where traders congregate, especially if they are Chinese, shops are built which grow into "streets." These centers are found everywhere. More permanent villages are found where mountain streams permit irrigation. The fields become very productive and as many farmers as possible locate in the surrounding valleys.

Two religious systems are found among these tribes. In Turkestan the people are Sunni Mohammedans and show the characteristics of the Moslems of other lands. Their worship of the "one true God" is incompatible with the lives they live in public and in private. They aIle' very bigoted and cannot readily be turned from their errors.

Mongolia, Tibet and Bhutan are solidly Lamaistic. This system, recognized now as distinct from' Buddhism, has spread over Oentral Asia and has resisted the encroachments of Indian, Chinese and Mohammedan cults. Many Buddhistic ideas are found in Lamaism, but it is difficult to tell where they originated.

Lamaism is a system built upon an original Animism that was probably indigenous to Tibet or to Mongolia. It recognizes the, direct influence of spirits which do good or evil to those they love or hate. Sacrifice and devotion are required to ward off evil and to secure favorable ministrations from the demons. Even the Mohammedanism of Turkestan has not freed the Sarts from this demon-worship, nor has the Buddhism adopted from India done more for the Tibetans and Mongolians.

The lamas may have taken their belief in transmigration of the soul from the Buddhists, or Gautama may have learned much of his philosophy from 'l.oetans.

The Tibetans are essentially a religious people, but as so often happens among Orientals, religion and virtue are not synonymous. From dawn till dark the Tibetan cultivates religious habits. His belief in the supernatural is profound, and he WOf-

ASIA

..OCEAN The bl-=k denotesthe portion 'Of unc"angehzed terrItory he.tcd .n the article It is almost entirely wilho .. t mlSSlonanes.

Irl~h Pr~ M A PORTION OF Plymouth Brethren UNEVANGELIZED eandreS CENTRAL ASIA D ~'shMongotianM .a~umen [ Siolf~ishA1ll11nc:elC.I"U (rvntnfu Scandlnavtan Alliance ( Chlf'la Inland M Svenska MtS5IOnsforbunck>( . Moravian, J Church of Scotland ' Norther,.. Baptist Pentecostal 'BrltlSh) Ctl MlSSiol'ulty H Chmbin iilRd Mos,s All o r0ref811 Chmtliln lot c.n<td'anM~ Froend .. Method,st £p (North) Am B.lpbstFMs..

'or " Work MongoliaM Wu;.. for Tu,1enslan … t WtwtdorT,bebfl'S I'll .Chln~WI')I'konty ~~~~~~~!6~~~[fi~~~ ~~Isslon WIW Needed SSttialllilaoRllSS ,(1"9'1.w81n thUS .c=::J missions LIne of future advuce,t—- ~~ec~::~~"::I~:dO' ~aln HDI A Note ' Only three American Sociellc' h."e work for hAonlOloha ilod Tibet.

flOlll

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

ships everything in heaven and earth. The forces of nature and the powers of reproduction are worshipped and fignres to r ep- resent such are made for ido ls.

As a final pinnacle to their elab- orate system they have deified men who are supposed to be pos- sessed with the spirits of deities that pass from one generation to another. The Tatar Lama is the greatest of these "divine" he- ings, but there are scores of oth- ers, ca!led hutukehtu throughout the lamaseries of Tibet and Mon- golia.

rrhe lamasery, or monaster y, is generally the center of every large settlement. Fully thirty A TYPICAL TIBETAN per cent of the men of Tibet a re priests. They control everything from finance to religion. The circumstance which has brought the former world conquering Mongolians to their present position of inactivity and poverty is the reli gion of the lamas. It has robbed men of all independence, and sooner or later all the fruit of their labors finds a resting place in some huge r eligious institution.

Bhutan has now been r eestablished as a kingdom with a recognized king. Nepal has had her Maharajah and has learned Te,adily from India, but has not permitted-the missionary to become established there. Under the Republic all that the changes may mean for ·China's territories no one at present can tell.

Since the establishment of the Chinese Republic the Mongo- lians and Tibetans have demanded autonomy, claiming that they were subjects only of the Manchus. Contiguous foreign countries will probably welcome the principle of autonomy throughout Central Asia, using these smaller kingdoms as "buffer states" betWle>en themselves and China. Stable governments will be infinitely better than the old tribal systems, and foreigners will be treated with more consideration.

Large parts of Central A sia are still inaccessible to us. Into these forbidden districts the missionaries of many societies have attempted to enter during past years. The reasons for failure are many, but none of them ought to be sufficient to keep the Gospel out entirely. Isolation, scarcity of supplies, hard traveling, rough living-these are to be expected.

.. The following societies are now most directly. interested in :'·;central Asia. mth the exception of one station in Turkestan, at Urumchi (Tihwafu), all of the other occupied places are on the borders.

I IN MONGOLIA Society Nationality Station Workers Patsibolong 2 Married Scandinavian Alliance American Halong Osso 2 (7) Kalgan 3 Swedish Mongolian Mission Swedish British and Foreign Bible Soc. British ADJAC~NT TO MONGOI,IA The Brethren British rehOI ? Pakow ? Tuchiaopu Irish Presbyterian British Manchuria 2 Swedish Alliance (C. 1. M.) Swedish North Shansi 3 rhga, II IN TURKESTAN 6 6 Swenska Mission Swedish Jarkend China Inland Mission Jengi-Hessar 1 Hancheng 3 International Urumchi 2 III WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN INDIA r(Kashmir) 10 Moravian Mission In ternational Kyelang " 1 Poo .. 1 Scotch Presbyterian Scotch Presbyterian Kalatse " 1 Scandinavian Alliance Sikkim Mission British Kalimpong 1 " Darjeeling 2 American Kalimpong ?

Independent " 1 WORK FOR TIB~TANS, IN CHINA Christian and Miss. Alliance American Taochow (Kansuh) 7 ~wei(~anSUh) 2 Pentecostal Mission British Likiang (Yunnan) 4 China Inland Mission International T'chienlu (Szchuan) 4 Christian (Disciples) Mission American Weikiu" 2 . Batang" 10 Other societies located near Tibet, but having no work among Tibetans, are the Church Missionary Society (India and Wle'st China), the American Baptists (Burma), the American Methodists

UNOCCUPIED FIELDS' IN CENTRAl., ASIA

(India), the Canadian Methodist (India) and the British and For- eign Bible Societies (itinerant workers.) In Napal and Bhutan, no di- rect missionary work is being done by foreigners, but various societies located in India near the borders of these lands are working through native Chris- tians. Traveling missionaries also come in contact with some of these peoples.

Work has been developed by ten or twelve societies that are now in a position to push their work farther afield. There are other smaller soCieties and some organizations· interested in work among the Chinese and Indians A TYPICAl, TIBETAN PRIEST who could take a share of this neglected work, and would make it necessary for any new organizations to enter the field. But if the Lord cannot induce His servants already equipped to enter the new fields it may become necessary for Him to create a new force which will accomplish His purpose. His work must be done.

All of the workers interested in the Tibetans agree that there has been as yet no decided movement among them toward the Gospel. The Christian and Missionary Alliance of the East report that only about six or eight Tibetans have been baptized in the last nearly twenty years, but the missionaries have gained a standing and influence among them which cannot be estimated.

Prejudice and hatred have given way to friendship 'and confidence.

The Moravians on the' western side of Tibet report that the great hindrance to the work lies in the fact that Buddhism (Lamaism) seems to have dulled the conSCIence of the people, so that an actual sense of sin seems scarcely to be present; and therefore they have no desire for God's pardoning grace.

lnfluences have, however, gone forth from all the stations on Central Asia. Gospels and tracts have been distributed and some of the people who live on the borders or have traveled into China, India and Persia have heard the wonderful news' of salvation.

The' plans of the Svenska Missionforbundet in Turkestan may be highly commended. One of their workers writes: "When our mission first occupied this field it was with the intention of establishing a long line of stations straight through Asia

from Tiflis, along the Trans-Caspian Railway, and so farther east along the main road from Kashgar to China proper. " These' plans have been simplified till now they have four well developed stations and contemplate entering a fifth. No less admirable is, the good work done by the Moravians in western Tibet. But in spite of the large and more spe'ctacular calls from other fields they have carried on their Tibetan work with admirable courage.

The work carried on by the societies intel'lested in Central Asia should be extended. Arrows on the map show the anticipated line of advance of each one of these societi,e's. Only lack of workers and funds prevents most of them from meeting the demands. A far more difficult task is to point out the districts in which there are no wormers at present. These are indicated by a ring around the name of the district tribe, or center where work might be started. The governments of Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet should be prevaiLed upon to allow· missionaries to reside within their borders. Some possible locations for stations are: Neglected Country Area for location Stations Suggested Mongolia Khailor Heilungkiang, Manchuria " Urga Eastern Mongolia Kiakhta " Uliassutai " Siberia (for Buriats) Kobdo " Uriankhai Western Mongolia Kalmuks Turkestan Ilifu (Kuldja) Tibet " " Hsiningfu North Mongolia " co Sungpan " " Mowkung " Northwest Sinkiang Ningyiian fu " Sadiya " Kansuh, China Darjerling " Szchuan, China Gartok Nepal Khatmandu "" Gurkha " "" Punakha Bhutan Assam (Burma) North India Western Tibet (Ngari) Nepal " Bhutan The immediate need 'is for a new and deeper interest among God's peopl1e' for the evangelization of Central Asia. There is a large unoccupied area and an opportunity, accompanied by the most strenuously adverse circumstances. To take advantage of such opportunities as are now presented, men and women must be willing to de'Vote themselves to the accomplishment of these great tasks; and others at home must be ready to consecrate their money to support the work. Above all there is the need of prayer to the "Lord of the harViest to send forth laborers into His harvest;" and that He will open the way and manifest His power by spiritual' sign~ and wonders.

I 920J UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN CENTRAL ASIA

TIBETAN PRIESTS BLOWING TRUMPETS (1 5 F'l'. LONG) AT ANNUAL FESTIVAL Comprehensive Geography of The Chinese Empire. L. Richards. Shanghai, 1908. The Chinese Empire. M. Broomhall. London, 1908. Atlas of the Chinese Empire. C. I. M. London. The Chinese Government. W. F. Mayers. Shanghai, 1886. The Heart of a Continent. Sir F. Younghusband. London, 1904. The Middle Kingdom. Williams. New York, 1861. China Opened. Gutzlaff. London. 1838. All the Works on Travels. By Sven Hedin. Mongolia and the Country of the Tanguts. Presevalsky. S. Petersbnrg, 1885. Journey through Mongolia and Tibet. W. W. Rockhill. Washington, 1894. Journey in Chinese Turkestan. Hr. Doring, Shanghai, 1907. Journeys in China, Tartary and Tibet. Huc et Gabel. The Land of the Lamas. W. W. Rockhill. New York, 1891. With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple. S. C. Riinhart. New York, 1901. China Mission Year Book, 1912-19. Article: "China's Dependencies." Non-occupied Fields of Asia and Africa. Zwemer. The Call of the World. Doughty.

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD. D. D

to the Tai BY PAUL M. HINKHOUSE, NEW YORK I N THIS twentieth century, with the mIssIOnary movement gaining momentum, and looking back over a century of ever-expanding, successful missionary activity, we are apt to think of pioneers as in the distant past.

One of the missionary pioneers of recent years was Dr. William Clifton Dodd. For about thirty-three years, in far-flung out-stations, hundreds of miles from the fringe of civilization, he labored among the representatives of the great Tai race, first in Siam, then in Burma, then again in Siam. Finally, after twenty years of yearning and pleading, he was permitted to labor, for one short year, in the newly opened station of Chieng Rung, China. He was in every sense a great missionary, looking forward and pressing onward, not backward, full of great plans for the future, expecting great things from God and ready to attempt great things for Him. He built well on the foundation of others, but with that he was not content. He saw rich harvests in regions beyond and he longed to preach Christ to the millionS' of unreached Tai.

The missionaries of today are building on the foundation of the pioneers who have gone before. Starting from central points, missionaries, year by year, have established new stations and have lengthened the frontier of missionary activity. Out-stations a few days journey from the nearest station are formed as opportunities and workers permit.

Who and where are the Tai 1 The Siamese call their country, "Muang Tai" or "The Land of the Free." The word "Tai" means free and is taken by a race which is of equal antiquity with' the Chinese. If we may trust ancient Chinese records as containing even the outlines of veritable history, it is found that the Tai race is mentioned as living in the western part of Szechuan Province, China, as early at 2200 B. C. The inference is that the Chinese found the Tai in China when the former first came into the country, some twenty-three centuries B. C. The pressing hordes of Chinese pushed the Tai farther and farther south. Wlhen they reached the region now included in the .southern provinces of China, and northern Burma and Siam, they set up a Tai kingdom in 629 A. D. which lasted for over six hundred years. This was overthr.own when the Mongols under Kublai Khan conquered Tai and Chinese alike, in 1234 A. D.

Since their defeat by Kublai Khan, the Tai have not been lOJ

SAM TOW A MOU NTAI N VILLA GE. CHEUNG TUN G regnant in any part of China, but they have had · flourishing kipgdoms in regions to the south. Those living in China have not lost their language or customs and the Tai1angu~ge is spoken with dialectic differences by more than twenty million peop)p. In round number s, Siam furnishes about eight million, China from seven to ten million, French Tonkin two million and Burma a million ~nd a half.

The Tai are of Mongolian origin and closely resemble the Ohinese of Kwangtung and Kwangsi in appearance. They are even more agricultural than the Ohinese. There is not the assumed superiority over foreign races which the Ohinese had in the early days of their contact with the Occident, and the entire race has shown itself open and receptive. There is every reason to believe that they are undeveloped rather than decadent. The Tai are among the few primitive races left in the world, and as such were singled out for special attention by the Missionary Oonference at Edinburgh in 1910.

In sending its representatives seventeen days from its northernmost station to begin work in a new field and in another country, the Nortb Siam Mission of the Presbyterian Ohurch in the U. S. A. made a pioneer move. When Dr. W. Olifton Dodd and Dr. O. W. Mason pushed their way into the great province of Yunnan in southwestern China to carry the message of Christ to the unreached millions of the Tai race, they were making missionary history. On cannot but feel humbled, when he reads the letter from Dr. Mason telling of the first Communion Service in that newly organized station, submerged in the darkness, ignorance and

1920J WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO. THE TAl

TOURING IN NORTHERN SIAM-RES'!' BY THE WAYSIDE superstition of an Oriental jungle, and then ponders but a moment upon the courage which Christ instils into the hearts of His missionaries.

Under date of Jan. 29, 1919, Dr. Mason writes: "We had our first Communion Service and there were four adult baptisms, so you see we are already beginning to see results from the seed sowing. As you remember, Dr. McGilvary first sowed seed here twentysix years ago. Then Dr. Dodd had made several tours through this region. * * * "I feel that Sunday, January 19, 1919, is such an historical day that r will take time to describe it to you in some detail. In January Mr.

Beebe gave refuge to an old couple who were accused of witchcraft. I have never seen a man who seemed more sincere than this old man. He and his wife were the first two baptized here. Then two of the i1iterate Tai boys of Yunnan province were also baptized, making four. These two boys have been believers for over five years but have had no one to teach them in their own language. Counting ourselves, there were sixteen that partook of the Lord's Table. And it was a very solemn occasion, for the very presence of the Holy Spirit could be felt. We all felt that surely Dr. McGilvary must be permitted to be with us on this occasion in spirit, as he so much desired to see the Gospel given to the 'rai wherever they are found."

Dr. Dodd was a man of vision. After spending his early life on an Iowa farm, he was graduated from Parsons College in 1883 and from McCormick 'l'heological Seminary in 1886. A college and seminary classmate and a life long friend of Dr. Dodd writes: "We recognized him as our superior along intellectual and spiritual lines. We felt that he had a superior personality and were confident that * * * in the future he would hold .a much larger place than any of us. In this judgment we were flot disappointed.

"On his way to Siam, he wrote a brilliant series of letters for the Mid-Conlinent, published in St. Louis. But once on the field he became abs,orbed in his wo:k and his facile I?en was laid aside except for things whIch had to do wIth hIS work for hIS chosen people-the Tai race. For thirty-three years he was permitted to labor with a consuming zeal and an outstanding ability which put his name to the fore of the American missionary force of the twentieth centllfy. He was by natllfe and desire a missionarv of the pioneer type * * * and thus stands related to them as Living- stone to Africa, Judson to Burma, Morrison to China, Underwood to Korea and Hepburn to Japan."

Dr. Dodd reached Chieng Mai, the center of the North Siam Mission (formerly known as the Laos Mission) on February 17, 1887, and expressed a preference for work along the line of a Training School for Christian workers.

About four months after his arrival in Siam Dr. Dodd wrote his impressions following his first missionary tour with Dr. Mc- Gilvary.

"We arrived at the ·first station about the middle of the afternoon, and before bed time held religious conversation with as many enquirers as time would permit. * * >I< Our 'outward and ordinary means' of at- tracting an audience were a watch, two mariners' compasses, a magnifying glass, a stereoscope with an assortment of views and a violin. >I< * * "The religious attitude of the people was a revelation to the newly arrived missionary and doubtless would be to most of God's people in the United States. Nearly all these people had heard of the 'religion of the great God' but had never been visited by a missionary. >I< * * But their reception was marvellous * * * Without exception these Buddhis.ts confessed at the outset, or were brought to concede, the immeasurable superiority of Christianity.

"The results we cannot measure. We were absent about two weeks. Religious service or conversations were held in more than twenty homes, and in some of these several times. Audiences varied from a single enquirer to fifty. Thus hundreds heard the Gospel for the first time."

The Training School which Dr. Dodd organized was such an important part of his early work tha.t when he was transferred to the Lampun station, south of Chieng Mai, the school was moved with him and some twenty students accompanied him. He early showed great facility in the use of the language and his trips into the country districts were always used as opportunities of getting a foundation in the dialetic differences so common in the language of that country. By 1894, the Training School had grown to fifty students and Dr. McGilvary wrote: "The year of our absence had been almost a banner year as regards successful evangelistic work. Mr. Dodd's Training School had furnished a larger number of fairly well prepared evangelists than we had ever had before. Between forty and fifty of these had been actually at work on the field for longer or shorter periods during the year and their work was very successfu."

In February, 1888, Dr. Dodd was one of a party of three who investigated the feasibility of starting a station at Chieng Rai,

1<)20] WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

TWO PRINCESSES AND THEIR BABIES IN JIUANG LAAM in the extreme north of Siam, about ten day's journey hy caravan from Chieng Mai. The ChiE'ug Rai station was not opened until seven or eight years later, but he had recE'ived his first great vision of the shepherdless sheE'p beyond. Dr. McGilvary who always had before him thE' vision of future work among th(~ Tai of Burma, French Tndo-Cllilla, HIllI soutll!'t'll Chilla, wrote that this station was fOUlJdcd "in the COIl'ictioll that it would prow' a stepping stone to the large northern section of the 'rai racE', established in territory which is now English, Ij'rench and Chinese." Dr.

Dodd ill' due time was permitted to open the Chieng Rai station and from it, as a centf'}" toured all the great section visualized by Dr. McGilvary. The work of tllp missionary ill Siam is essentially one of touring alld tf'achillg. Conscious that missionaries are but passing helpers amI that the work of evallgelization must ill its finality bp dOlle by native workers, Dr. Dodd's efforts were along the line of tpaching. At the same time he used his grf'at literary ability to put Christian literature into native dialects.

He felt that if the peoplf' were to be adEquately reached, tfwy Illllst haye a teacher closer to them than one who could come hut Ol1ce a year. He" saw from his frequellt tours among the Tai outside the borders of Siam, that the Siam missionaries had a distinct and very defillite problem in presenting the Gospel to the millions of unreached Tai, for they were the only ones who had any knowledge of the Tai language. For a time he was locatf'd at the station of Keng Tung in Burma, and when that was closf'd he returned to Chieng Rai, more than ever convinced that the respollsihility fur the Tai could not be shirked. He had the vision of the whoh~ Gospel to the whole Tai people and in one of his letters pleading for permissioll to advance, he says, "Millions who have grOWl! very dear to us hang upon your decision and action. "

III order to determine the strength and location of the Ta~ race in South Chilla and elsewhere, he made a tour in 1910 which lasted for five and olle-half mOllths. As a result, he proved what he had long believed that within a territory nearly half as large as HlP Ullited States east of the Mississippi, the predominant elemellt in the population was Tai and that no mission was WOl'killg among them. .

The report of his tour reads like pages from a vivid romallce, Though a mall of great physical vigor, Dr. Dodd was attacked by muscular rheumatism and when his pony was unable to carry him up the mountains he had to drag his left leg painfully after the other; and night after night he made his way into camp almost exhausted. Like Paul, he was in journeyings often and in perils often.

Nothing touched him so greatly on the entire trip as the faithfulness of the Siamese cook he had brought with him from Chieng Mai and who accompanied him during his entire journey.

"Ai Fu kept faithful all the way with me-not a grouch or a grumble. Much as I loved and respected the great historic Tai race before, I confess that my appreciation of them as a people was heightened by this day-by-day, wilderness contact with Ai Fu. When all the others, after faithful service, had gone back to their homes and rice fields, my heart was touched in our morning and evening devotions together, when Ai Fu would say, 'We two servants of God: God bless the dear fellow! What

WILLIAM CLIFTON DODD, APOSTLE TO THE TAl

[Jossibilities of fortitude, faithfulness and fervor in a race which has produced a man like that!"

The problem which Dr. Dodd :saw lwfore him wa:s olle that would tax the :slnJJlge~t hpurted. He wrote, "A field 400,000 :square mile:s ill area, a population between twelve and sixteen million, a common language, a race with a history over forty-one centuries old, and still a growing people, a race strategically related to three great world powers (England, France and Ohina) and interrelated with the destinies of nearly a half billion Asiatic neighbors, a race providentially endowed and shaped and conserved, so that even the Providence which has rendered the field difficult 1:0 be manned with misssion workers has also served to preserve A BIG BAZAR SCENE IN KENGTUNG. NEAR SITE OF A PROPOSED MISSION CHAPEL this great race free from the vices of the Occident, the most receptive of Buddhist peoples, a people one canllot help but IOVf>- this is the groundwork of the task."

The strenuous trip of 1910 was taken on his way home from Siam for his furlough. At home he plead for permissioll to open a new station among the people whom he had so much at heart. He plead as if for his life, and returned to Siam heavy hearted because the time did not seem opportune. One wonders what might have been accomplished had his work started then. But his last term spent ill the station of Ohieng Rai was a preparation for the opportunity which he .felt must soou be realized by the Ohurch at home. He made frequent tours into the region, earnestly preaching the Gospel and gathering the enquirers into temporary

training- R('hool;.:, ahya~'R longing for t1lP tilllP to (,Ollll' ,dwn hE' might, Iw as OIle with llWtll rather than a trayelpr from a far land. He improvpd I'"('ry ()Pl)()rtullit~· to Recurp illformation about the dialects of the great race he ~wanted to help. He had Ii larger first-hand knowledge of the fipld and probably knew more concerning the language, hiRtory and cm,tomR of the Tai race than any other man.

During his furlough of 1917, the long expected advanre into the Tai region of China bpcallJe a reality. He was to retnrn to the field of his choice and he W('llt hack to the field light in heart at the thought of spending his future years of usefulness among the Tai of YUllllan. On his way to the field he widened his contact with the missionarieR in China and enlisted their support for the work. Being delayed for three months by the monsoon, he spent that time with the missionaries of the China Inland Mission in the north of Yunnan. Fourteen Tai families in that reg-ion had been converted throug-h the medium of the Chinese language, but the Tai of that region clamored for hymns and literature in their own languag-e. He immediately set to work, securing a vocabularly from the people and before long he had mastered the dialectic differences. While Mrs. Dodd taught a school for young Tai women, Dr. Dodd wrote the first book that had ever been written in that dialect, using the written character of North Siam. With the aid of a manifolding machine an edition of three hundred copies was print('d.

No sooner had he reached Chieng Rung, than the, need of ,work in other places appeared to him. He wrote: ",If the Lord keeps us here the rest of our lives, we shall stay contentedly. The evangelistic opportunity is immense-practically unbounded. But we feel called to promote other stations for the as yet unreached millions of Tai. Ve are six days from a telegraph office here and our recently es:ablished post office is very irregular as to its service. Our two families are over half a month distant from another medical family. We live in temporary houses-the best obtainable with fund~ provided and the men and material available. Our lives are exceedingly primitive and isolated. When we think of the work we ought to be doing for the Tai elsewhere. we feel that we are in a pocket."

Shortly aft!'r hi:;- anivul at Chieug Rung lIP oncp more commencetl his tourillg amollg' the group!' lIP had previously organized. He startpd January 25, 1919, and wrotp that his Tai hays and Olle of the evangelists became very illterestfd in visiting some Tai Yah villages. The villagPl"s were shy and suspicious at first, but the boys seemed to yin them over to confidence and friendship. Comfort was brought to a bereaved father and mother who had recently lost an only son. This SOIl had carried Christian literature around with him everywhere, and had tried to get them to come into the Christian faith with him.

The Tai people are in the main animists. A great many of them are nominal Buddhists, 'but spirit worship and belief in spirits causes them great concern. The popUlation is chiefly rural and there is a simplicity of character and life which one would naturally expect from such people. The Tai are all their lives in bondage to the fear of demons-srpirits of the family, of the earth and sky, of fire and water, or rock and forest, of the teacher, of the home, of the village and of the whole land. They have a universal love for flowers, music and hospitality and have great respect for women.

Of the hold that spirits have upon the people, Dr. Dodd wrote: "Ve have peculiar hindrances to the spread of the Gospel. Only yesterday, I was soundly berated for not 'binding' the witch-spirit of one of our Christians. It transpired today that the heathen believe that we are Great-Demon Media: that I could, by incantation, have invoked and secured the services of a great demon who would have restrained the witch-spirit of the Christian old lady which was tormenting a young woman whom they prought to the old lady's house and who was suffering from fever. And the heathen were indignant because I refused to entertain the charge against our Christian woman and did not do anything to secure her victim against her witchery. .

"People in this region are apparently more ready to listen than people in Siam. But to listen is one thing; to believe and accept another. The Lii tribe, whose capital is Chieng Rung are very loyal to those whom they love and 'good haters' of those who cross them unintentionally. And Satan has blinded their eyes for 10 many generations. Only the Holy Spirit can deliver them from the foul spirits. God has set before us an open door and there are· many adversaries."

'The last letter received from Dr. Dodd, dated Aug. 26, 1919, shows that he felt his work was drawing to a close and, like Paul of old, he spent much time in writing from the jungle prison. He challenges the Christian Church as he pleads for workers, in order that the gains already made may be consolidated. At the same time he characteristically planned for further enlargement of the field, for mOre stations, for permanent stations and for closer contact and cooperation with the missions of Yunnan. He believed that the best thing he could do in the remaining time was to put as much of Christian literature into form for use among the yet untouched millions of non-Buddhist Tai as possible. He put the Apostle's Creed and John 14: 1-7 into prose form and composed in rhyme a, form for a morning prayer and grace at meals. He also translated the Ten Commandments in full.

For the use of the China Inland Mission, the Pentecostal Missionary Union, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, and the Presbyterian Mission, Dr. Dodd felt a great need for literature to instruct the converts among the Tai of Yunnan, Kwangsi (and possibly Kweichow) and the non-Buddhist portions

@f the Tai in French territory. He was theJl the Olily n)all 111 the world who could create that literature. He kept up evening classes twice weekly, preached 011 Sabbath and directed the four evangelists during the week. But he felt that it was most important for him to stay as long as possible in the Chinese Tai field in order that he might do all he could toward that literature for the unr.eached millions of non-Buddhist 1'ai.

Dr. Dodd was an inveterate tom·er. Being anxious to reach as many of the Tai people as possible, he spent nearly half his time on the field in missionary work away from his home station. He did not like to use the word "field" with reference to the territory assigned to him, but always spoke of it as a "circle," and his efforts to expand this "circle" led him on and on.

By caravan and by crude native boats, by chair and by elephant, by horse and by mule and by bi- cycle and on foot, he covered much territory in the unknown jungle. Delays in reaching destinations were not a source of irritation to bim for when he was held back bv high water, by reports of robber~, or by sickness, he took the oppor- tunity to start work in the un- touched villages in which he rest- ed. One Sunday seven or eight men, strangers, came into the lit- tle church service that was being held in a jungle village. When the offering was taken they were passed by, but each rose in turn, came forward and with a native obeisance dropped in his coin. When questiolled why they as strangers and Buddhists should make an offering at a Christian A CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN CHIENG RAI service, the oldest of the party answered by opening a small par- cel and taking out several portions of Scriptures which had been given to him by Dr. Dodd on a journey two years before.

Dr. C. V.l. Mason wrote that on October 9, Dr Dodd showed signs of acute peritonitis and it was decided to perform a colostomy operation. This was done in order to give the patient some relief.

Be rallied from the operation but soon sufferpd a relapOle lilli.ld Ffais8i. aw'l:Y eti Oetober .la, 1919. BY REV. EDWIN M. POTEAT, D. D., BROOKLINE, MASS.

T HERE IS an interpretation of stewardship which lays the obligation upon all-non-Christian as well as Christian. If only one acknowledge God, life itself must be corrceived as a trust from Him. The other alternative is atheism; the. atheism which sees only self and selfish interests and which has held the field for .generations with its smug and comfortable dogmatism; "What's mine is my own, and I'll do what I please with it."

The argument in reply to this atheism of selfishness has ill recent years grown to gre-at volume and cogency, and it has carried conviction to wide circles and through high ranges of intelligence. The selfish capitalist is doubtless still with us, but he has seen a great light. Generally speaking he knows pe'rfectly well that wealth must serve society or society will confiscate it. Industry is a form of social service, not a device for private gain. The factory must help men; this is its primary function. To conceive it as a means of piling up dlvidends to be hoarded in miserly selfishness or to be squandered in enervating luxuries is to acknowledge that one is hopel,e'ssly behind the times.

The appeal rings through the halls of Legislation: "Public office is a public trust." It rings through Commerce; "The only justification of profits is service." It rings through Industry; "The surplus tor the Common Good." The struggles of the present hour are struggles incident to the rearrangement of our total life in conformity with these principles; they are the birth pangs of a new social order in which, when it arrives, the love' of money will be acknowledged to be a root of all kinds of evil, and in which the ambition to be rich will be displaced by the ambition to serve. Worth will no longer be cstimated in terms of money but in terms of helpfulness, as when a young woman said: "I would rather marry a man who was worth a million and didn't have a cent than to marry a man who had a million and wasn't worth a cent." All this is part of the social philosophy now .already widely current and sure to win its way everywhere. This appears to be what .Tohn Galsworthy means when he says: "Education is the most sacred concern, indeed the only 110pe of a nation." People of education .see that cooperation is necessary to sOQial order and well-being; that in a society as complicated as ours, dnpendent as it is on a vast machinery of cooperation, a spirit 113 of cooperation on the part of all is essential. As Henry Adams put it: "The world becomes daily a vast powder plant, a power house of stupendous forces wherein a few selfish fools may at any moment bring on irretrievable disaster." Invoking the aid of science, we'may organize what Henry M. Alden called a sociological millenium, a perfect ethical system of adjustments, so beautiful in its proportion as to counterfeit the effects of Grace, deceiving even the ,elect.

One is loath to point out the defects, the inevitable inefficiency of such a scheme. But at its best, it is only an educated selfishness which is enthroned over this artificially 'constructed commonwealth. The most enlightened self-interest is inadequate for the task of conceiying and building a permanent society, precisely for the reason that selfishness is not made unselfishness by being refined, Accordingly the best social order it can build waits only a supreme test, when, lo! its most loyal citizens will desert the state in concern for self, and then the delnge!

This does not mean that it is uS2'less to teach stewardship, the stewardship of life-with all its powers and resources-in the most general way. It is in every way important to say that all men are trustees on behalf of their fellows of whateV1e-r capacities they possess. The more generally this view of life is adoptRd the better. It will pflepare us for the revelation, already plain to many, that every program of social reconstruction waits for a certain kind of person; and it will open the way for a new proclamation of Ohristianity, whose main task and achievement is the reproduction of the Jesus type of man all round the globe.

THE REALM OF REDEMPTION Here we pass into a wholly new realm, the realm of the redeemed, the twice-born, the children of the Spirit. Indeed theSie two words may stand for the two realms-Enlightenment and Redemption. There is here no intimation that enlightenment is antithetic to redemption or that redemption is antithetic to enlightenment. But from the point of view of Ohristianity redemption is fundamental, primary; enlightenment is superficial, secondary. Gautama, Voltaire, Goethe ; Paul, Augustine, Bunyan-these two groups of names will serve to point the contrast, and they enable us to see the contention of Ohristianity that not education (a la Galsworthy) but the absolute salvation achieved for men by our Lord Jesus Ohrist is the only hope of the nation and of the world. It is this because it provides for and secures the type of person we now see we must have if society is not to dissolve in a ruck and welter of putrescent selfishness.

No one who knows the history of the vernacular schools in the

STEWARDSHIP AND REDEMPTION

Westl:'Tn world will Heed to be reminded that Christianity has been a nursing motht'r to t'ducation; 1l0l' will lleed to be told that there is no conflict between the truth of religion and the truth of science. It remains true that mell who have be'en saved by faith in the forgiveness of SillS through our Lord Jesus Christ, and who have acct'pted the will of God aR the law of their life-· ,"ven without the 'f"nlightenment of the schools-such men know the ultimate ,;wcret of unselfish service; and no matter what the provocation they always stop short of relwUioll agaillRt the will of God, and 1"0 also Rhort of tllP violatioll of the rights of others. Thus restraimd by grace from violenc(; against othprs, tlwy are cOllstraillf'd by grac(; to sprve others; and this is to the ends of the earth.

Christianity prt'dicates and produces this difference ill persons irrespective of all -otheT disciplines whatsoever. It bases its program on the saved man, in whom self-interest has been slain, but who is alive forevermore. Egoism crucified, he lives in Him who died and rose again. His heart trlEmbles and is enlarged with an immeasurable gratitude for this gift of new life, and what is impossible to the natural man-pure disinterestedness-is natural to him, now that Christ lives in him to renew, to energize, to din~ct.

At the Cross-the symbol of death- he passed out of death into life, and there learned the law of the new Kingdom of Love. Beyond that no further sacrifice is possible. The' giving of life is now the joy of life. Here ifl the explanation of a man like- David Livingstone, who protested that he had never made a sacrifice in his lif'e'. Lt. Dawson in "Out to Win" writes of the flpirit of the American soldier in :B'rarice: "When Olle has faced up to all ultimate self-denial, giving becomes a habit. One becomes eager to be allowed to give all, to keep none of life's small change. The fury of an ideal fevers us. We become fanatical to outdo onr own best rpcord in self-surrendpr. Many of us, if we are alive when peace is declared, will feel an uneasy reproach that perhaps we did not give pnough."

"Hereby know we love, because He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the hrethren-" (I Jno 3 :16). ThE" logic of thifl appeal is irresistible for those who accept the first half of the proposition. Compare II Cor. 5: 16-21, where the Apostle Paul gToundfl hifl whole career on the recoll(;iling lov(~ of God in Christ, and conceives of hifl life as an ambassadorship on behalf of ChriRt to all the world. Purchased unto God in tht blood of Christ lit' if:! hound ill tliP sallie bUlH.lh' of life with his Redeemer; and the life that he now lins is not his but Christ's who liYes ill him-( Galatians 2: 19-20). Possessing Christ ill this way, he possesses all things in Him, all things except his very

SPlf; that is possessed by Christ-(I COl'. 3: 22, 23). He could say as his I-,ord had said in .Jno. 17: 10, "All mine are thine, and tlliIW are mine." And ill this ahounding riches his povmty was transmuted into infinite wealth-" as having nothing, yd possessing all things-" (II COl'. 6: 10).

STEWARDSHIP IN REDEMPTlON 'What hecomes of stewardship in such all illh'rpn'tatioll of rf'dl'mptionZ It is swallowed up ill a blessed partllerHhip aud comradeship of Hel'vice. "N0 longer do I call you Hel'Vants, because the servant knoweth not what his Lord doeth. But I have called you friends, for ull things that I have heard from my Father I have made known unto you-" (Jno. 15: 15). Here a trusteeship faithfully fulfilled paSi;1es through fellow~hip into a community and identity of interest in which all inferior relatiollships are transcended in a blesslEd oneness of life and love and lahor.

Accordingly, it is to the r,edeemed that stewardship, in the New Testament meaning of the word, is wholly congenial. They are ready; and they quickly acknowledge its sway in all their life. My life, my health, my intelligence, my character, my truth, my children, my time, my property,-all these have been redeemed ill the precious blood of Christ, and they aIle mine only as a trust from God, and are to be administered in His will for the benefit of every member of the race.

A SUMMARY What has been said may be summarized as follows: 1. SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY TEACHES STEWARDSHIl'· 2. ENLIGHTENMENT CAN NEVER GUARANTEE THAT MEN WILL WALK IN THE LIGHT.

3. THE lUND OF PEOPLE WHO MUST INSURE SOCIAL ORDER ARE PRODUCED BY CHRIST.

4. CHRISTIANS ALONE CAN BE RELIED ON AS TRUE STEWARDS OF THE GIFTS OF GOD, THAT IS, FOR DISINTERESTED SERVICE ON BEHALF OF ALL MEN.

Unless our conception of' stewardship is grounded 011 tlle fact of Redemption, it is built on sand, and we arc sure to see our house tumble about our heads wh0n the floods break 100Re!

"One more rn'ival is needed-the revival of Christian stewardship, the const:cration of the money power of 'the Church unto God."-HoRACE BUSHNELL.

"Vhen a man begins to amass wealth it is a question as to whether (;od is going to gain a fortune or lose a man."-J. CAMPBELL 'WHITE.

Missionary-~Outlook in

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE. SEOUL. KOREA T H1R'l'Y YEARS ago the outlook for Korea was unpropitious. The little nation was quite by herself, differing from China on the one hand and Japan on the other. She had drunk deeply of Confucian waters and was conservative to a degree. Still, in the old teachings of the East she had imbibed much that prepared her for the coming of the missionary. God was ruler over all; His voice sounded forth from the sacred hooks calling men to listen. "Honor thy parents;" "Cease to do ill, learn to do well." The customs and habits, the joys and sorrows of the men and women of the Bible, were found to be one with her ancient people. Scarcely yet have they learned to know Dante, Shakespeare, Napoleon; while Peter, James and John have walked with them arm in arm for a quarter of a century. It was indeed a famous victory, this invasion of the Bible. The people of KOl1ea who go to church are but a small fraction of those who have read and pondered over its sacred pages. As old Korea moved out of the 20th century B. C. into the 20th A. D. this Book of books, as on a journey to Emmaus, has been flashing its light into her wondering eyes.

But thirty long years have passed and much water has run under Korea's stone bridges. Instead of the backward look towards the anciJents, her men now look forward. Old ideas are gone and with them the spirits and dream lands of antiquity. Smallpox is no longer to be warded off by incantations, but to be stamped out by Dr. Jenner's vaccine. The individual has come to his own, with every man a king.

With this awakening, however, the Government has not kept pace, but has fallen on sad experiences. Korea remained a single undivided kingdom from 669 A. D. till August, 1910, twelve hundred and forty-one years. Only twice in all that time did ller ruling House change, once in 918, and again in 1392, and never did she have any internal wars as great as those of the Roses of England. Scholars and writers lived and flourished, an army of them, when our fathers had only Chaucf'r. In 1600 an assembly of as brilliant literati as the world has ever seen, gathered in Seoul, unconscious that on the other side of this little planet Shakespeare was writing Hamlet.

The works of Ollie great scholar crossed the path of the writer recently and he offered twenty-two yen ($11.00) for it, but a Japanese bought it over his head for forty-four. The JapaneRe fairly worship the literature of this little kingdom and long that they may write such lines as these.

117

Gn>at in Il'ttc,J'~, gn'at al"o waH "lie ill porcdaill, in paper, ill pl'int.illg, ill braHH and il'oU work-a highly gifted peoplE', uuioucht'll h~' the ouie!' world. Trur, she was uomiually under the suzerainty of China, but that was only a gentleman's agl'!E'e- ment between UIE' Imperial a1l(1 Royal Houses. The Chinese lHWE'r thought of illterfel'illg with Korea's internal affairs for all these fourteen hundred years.

In 1910 Korea's independellce was lost, not by conquest, but by half a dozen officials handing over the State to Japan. They were liberally pmsioned off and today E'ujoy the fruits of their lahors while the awakened prople brhold their land in bondage.

Still we must speak a word in behalf of .Japan. While balance of power ruled the world and Korea was free to coquette with Russia, the Tokyo Govemment saw in the peninsula to the W,est a constant menace to hE'r safety. At once she struck and made it fast by annexation. The misfortune really came about oy misgovernment on the part of Korea herself, by her misguided king and corrupt officials, but that makes the present distressing situation none the less bitter.

Korea and Japan find it impossible to live together in harmony, so different are they. The Japanese are worshippers of the Emperor and count him semi-divine. The KOl'!eans laugh at the idea, To them the only ruler who could ever claim divine right of kingship was the defunct Emperor of China. The Koreans, even the loW]est classes, are all more or less gentlemen imbued with the saving truths of Confucianism, while the lower class Japanese are closely allied to the naked South Sea Islanders.

The Korean guards his Pl2rson and his women-folk from the public eye with the most rigid exactitude. The Japanese on the other hand goes nude without any thou'ght of obscenity, and his men and women bathe together in a public bath with all th{' innocence of Botticelli's Eve. This to the Korean is the limit of indecency and renders him wholly incapable of ever understanding the Japanese point of view.

The Korean is a man of, the pen while Japan is a nation of warriors. Military officials in Korea have always been rated second class, while Japan is ruled hy the sword, and admires beyond measure the Hohenzollern with his clicking spurs.

The Japanese loves infinite detail while the Korean loathes it. Rules and regulation that require Ollie to prepare in triplicate details that run into rates of half a farthing are as natural to the Japanese as the goose-step to the German. Such exactness is an abomination to Korea, and when its system is put upon her by force it hecomes a straight-jacket impossible to endure.

Korea is Chinese at heart, and while Japan also received her civilization fmm China, f;he has been touched only. superficially and iOt still a peop1p from the islandOt of the sea.

Japan is dean and neat in many ways in which Korea is disorderly; the Japanese is hard-working while the Korean is a gentleman of leisure. The former is effusive in manner and makes much of ceremony, whiLe the latter is wholly undemonstrative and counts effusiveness as insincerity.

The prominence of the pro.stitute in Japan is shocking to Korea. When a candidate for Parliament can issue a manifesto as proof of his worth and fitness for office, stating that he is backed up by the lawyers of the town, by the rice merchants, and by the heads of the prostitutes' guilds, without giving any offense or calling forth any remarks, we can judge of the peculiar view Japan has as to the "strange woman." Korea's view of her is just what the American view is, or should be. From these illustrations it will be seen how difficult it is for Korea and Japan to walk together.

It is per£ectly true that Japan has given good roads, hygienic benefits, has brought order out of confusion, has made the desert to blossom as the rose; and yet J apaIl. has not begun to win the Korean. It begins to look as though she had on her handH an Ireland of nearly twenty millions of people, and no Ulster. Ireland has never had an undivided, independent kingdom, but Korea has had one for thirteen hundred years and knows what independence means. Today Japan sits upon the safety valve while the boilers beneath her crack from expansive pressure.

Consider missionary work under these conditions. Many sympathize with the Japanese in his fear of Christianity. He'I'e is a propaganda that brings the foreigner into intimate relation with the Korean, his life, his inner heart, his soul. The missionary ii'! in the land to comfort, to guide, to help onward and upward. How will this appeal to the Japanese who holds the sword that rules, who wants the Korean to be a loyal subject of the Mikado, hut cannot win him oved .At once he becomes sorely offended at Christianity which forms a link between the Korean and the foreigner such as the Japanese can never hope to forge. If Christianity must exist in Korea, the rulers would wish it to be of a Japanese type, whel'1e the worship of the Emperor and the worship of Christ go side by side.

The upper officials and Japanese of the better sort accept the situation and are willing in a kindly spirit to make the best of it, hoping that the missionary will aid them; but the lower offieials and the military have no such idea. To them Christianity is a nuisance and must be suppressed. This too has been the tone of the average newspaper since annexation.

The result of this conflict of ideas was the" agitation. The·

Cltuse .f it was the weariness and exasperation felt by the Korean !it all things Japanese. In the forefront of the agitation were many Christiamo. Ere March passed nearly all the llf>aders of the Church were locked up. Immediately the prison walls began to echo with singing, and the cell became a house of prayer. Judging from results orue might say that the prison outside the west gate of Seoul is the greatest reviyal center in the country, a true theological hall in fact. Many who enter in darkness come out believers in Christ. Here again the Japanese see Christianity persistently on the side of the offending Korean. They feel that since persuasion is of no avail and all public benefits done are regarded as nothing, there remains but the use of force, and so force in every conceivable way has been used. This only hardens the Korean in his determination to ride out the storm.

One result of the agitation in which Christianity is indinectly involved is that the whole Government has been changed. It is doubtful, however, whether this will bring any real respite. The Koreans will probably become a sullen, dogged nation, biding their time. Women too are active in the uprising as well as the men, noble lords as well as simple folk. Those who face the fury of it are he1'oes, be they Christian or otherwise. The women who thirty years ago were prisoners in their homes, unseen by outsiders, are now out in the open, sharing with husband and son the fortunes of the day. Women form the larger proportion of those in the Christian congregations, and remain our hope for the future. Today many of them are in prison and have been subjected to unspeakable insults at the hands of the police and gendarmes. Their courage has been a wonder.

Will the agitation cease1 We think not. The very efforts of the Japanese to instil patriotic ideas into the Korean students, that is ideas of loyalty toward Japan, is only firing his soul the hotter for his own country.

In order to show the missionary outlook more clearly we may summarize the situation under the following headings: 1. The thought of independence occupites the Korean's entire mental horizon. Can we get Christian truth home to the heart under these conditions? It is very difficult. There have been years when political fermentation had much to do with filling the churches but with very little result spiritually. The Korean is essentially a man of one thought. If it be a large thought it fully occupies his mind to the exclusion of all others. Accompanying present conditions, however, is the consciousness that God lives, that He is on the side of right, and if they but do the fair and honest part He will swing the fortunes of the day in their favor. They nave no fire-arms; they have always discountenanced violence. What is there left for them but prayer to God? Since, ill tho llIiml:-; of many, Chri"tianity may contribute something towards tllP dPKil'('d ('IH1, UH'Y will ta]{][· an illterPRt ill it and listPll.

~. The pn~s('lIt g'PIH'l'alioll of l:orpaJlK is no IOllger imbued with Ow old Confucian tenet" that protIJptpd their Hoarcll for ChriHtiall truth. School amI lIeWHpapl'r <U1d modern books all inclinp tlwm toward mat('l'ialislll ill which then~ is no God. The first joy of the Christian faith has worn off and the Koreans are out 011 an ullcharted sea, where the peering eye and questioning soul takes the place of old-fashiolled simple faith. In a word this is not as favorable a gelleration to work upon as the last.

3. The Japanese GoVel'lllellt, however courteous and just it may be-and the high officials have alway;.; been most courteous-'-will never view with favor the pre;.;ent Christian propaganda. While Ow)' may llot forbid it, they so easily throw out hints concerning advantagr, safety, SI"curity, and prosperity outside the Christian propaganda that mallY will conclude that the advantage i" on the' other side. In fact during recent years there has been a marked falling off of attendance at church on this account. If the Koreans are inclined to move along lines of least resistance we can see how a little police prpssure will have much to do with the size of a congregation.

4. The Korean estimate of the foreigner has changed. In old days Americans and Europ2aJis were sages in possession of the Book. Today we a're but ordinary W psterners, survivors of the great war, The real rule of the Church has passed from foreign hands and more and more missionaries recede into the place of quiet counsrlors. This is really good for the missionary as it throws him back on personal character and makes inner worth his chief asset.

5. The world has swung on illto a lIew cenner where everything is out of date, Christianity as well as civilization in general. ,( Cease to do what the· fathers did and strike out into something new. We of the new generation are the people. Let all old fogey notions go to the winds; eat, drink and be merry." rrhere is much of this madness in the air of East Asia today. "Who would think of sitting dOWll and droning over a worn-out hymn in Church~ Away with it!" Like the miasma of the "flu" this t:pirit more or less encircles the whole earth and takes in Korea also.

From this brief discussion it will be clear that we have a great task before us, the outlook being somewhat like what it was in days of trench warfare. A united effort, however, when denominational diftierences cease to hinder and denominational nnity increases, with the blessing of God will win and He will make His presence and power felt. May God guide us so that the days of faith and hope and love may not be lost to poor old Korea!

Reconstruction in West

BY EDWARD A. FORD, LAMBARENE, GABON, WEST AFRICA O N~j OF THE important mission fields, which the conquest of German colonies hy the Allies for a time left unoccupied, is the northern part of Kamerun, west Africa. Missionary work in this region was begun by English Bruptists in' 1843, and one of them, "Father" Saker, first reduced the Duala langauge to writing and began the translation of the Bible. A German naval force took possession of Kamerun in 1884, and in 1885 a conference of missionary societies, held at Bremen, appealed to the Basel Missionary Society to begin work in that country. This was done the following year.

The English Baptist missionaries turned over their buildings to the Basel Society, together with the care of those native Christians who were willing to accept the change. Later, German Baptists from America began a separate work, which was eventually taken over by a Baptist Society founded in Berlin. Before the war a third Society was preparing to enter the field.

The extent of the work appears from the following statistics of the two Societies, (Basel and Berlin) taken from their reports for 1911, and in ]914 the number of stations was considerably larger. In 1911 there were 17 stations, 308 out-stations, 112 missionaries, 287 native helpers, 211 churches and 6149 communicants, 193 schools and 11,057 pupils. There were two hospitals and four dispensaries. Roman Oatholic missions were. also established but had fewer missionancs.

When the French and English forces landed in Duala in September, 1914, the missionaries were taken away as prisoners and for over two years the eastern section of the field, comprising eleven stations of the Basel Mission, was left without a Protestant mISSIOnary. The Roman Catholic forces replaced their' German missionaries by French as soon as the French administration was established. The." Journal of Catholic Missions" did not hesitate to say that the French government intended thus to "do away with the foreign influence of the German and American missionaries in Kamerun."

The Paris Evangelical Missionary Society was also awake to the responsibility of shepherding these 6,000 Christians and of providing educational advantages for the 11,000 pupils, in order that those who wished to learn French need not be compelled to enter the Roman Catholic Schools. They sent a delegation, headed by Monsieur Allegret, who had been for many years a missionary 122 of the Ogowe. Landing at Duala in February, 1917, the deputation found the conditions so favorable that they concluded that their coming was" divinely arranged in every detaiL"

The Protestants had feared that under the French govern- ment they might not have liberty of worship, but were now re- assured. The native Christians had suffered much and "word had been spread through the towns that the Mission was dead, and that God's work was destroyed." Three native pastors of the Basel Mission, Ekolo, Kuo and Modi Din, had done nobly amidst the general collapse and had replied, "If Basel is dead, God is not dead!" Patiently and faithfully they toiled to conserve the work.

Along with the reorganization of the churches, ecclesiastically and financially, and the providing for placing and supporting catechists and for training others, there was the urgent need of immediately giving them and others a working knowledge of the French language. Two normal schools, each with 60 pupils, were opened on either bank of the river by the two other missionaries and in addition night classes were formed, which quickly had an enrolment of 250, comprising the choicest of the young men of the place. When a commission of the government made a preliminary examination of 80 out of the 120 pupils, they were amazed with lhe progress made in five months. .

M. Allegret itinerated in every direction, bringing comfort and assurance to the Christians of all the tribes, helping to gather and reconstruct the native churches, whether Basel or Baptist.

Everywhere there were fresh evidences of the Providence which brought them to the rescue of the work at the critical moment.

At Sakbanyeme, on the Sanaga river, nearly all the work was destroyed during the war. Here M. Allegret found a chief to whom it had been said: "The Basel Mission is finished. Now everyone at Duala is French and Catholic: you must all become Catholics."

He replied: "I am first going to send two of my sons to Duala to see how it is. i' These messengers brought him the news of the arrival of the Protestant missionaries.

An important feature of the situation has been the opportunity to meet and, to some extent, to forestall Islam in its southward march. More than a hundred miles to the north are the Bamoum, whose king or sultan is a man of remarkable character. The Basel missionaries had established a station on the outskirts of his territory, and had a number of converts from among the Bamoum; but they denounced him as having joined the conspiracy of King Manga Bell Duala to massacre all the Germans. During the war the Sultan has become hostile to Christianity, but notwith- standing this a number of Christians remained faithful, while those about them were turning Moslem.

M. Allegret waR ahle to stpm tll(' tide and had the satisfaction of reopening schools and im;talling teachers. To thll ('xhortation of the misRiollary after the communion servicp, showing thpm that they bore the respollsihility of the Kingdolll of God ill their country, these Christialls replipd: "1Ve were lost ill the bush, you cam(~ and we have emerged. You have made a garden, the corn is growing, do not let it die!"

Thus a barrier is established, feeble though it be, to stay the advance .of Islam, and not a day too soon. The Sultan, at the beginning of the war, proclaimed himself a Moslem in order to secure Moslem support. The Hausas helped him to regain his throne and his ministers are Moslems but the country as a whole is not. At Fumban and the two out-stations there were two hl).ndred children and youth in the schools, with a class of eleven men who wish to become catechists.

The Sultan of Bagaute, a very intelligent and open minded man, has asked for Christian teachers and agreed to build a chapel and a pulpit in the market place. Another catechist was placed with the Sultan of Bangalap, who also had begun building, and was well disposed toward the Evangelical Mission.

Thus the occupation of the country by a Protestant Christian Mission has been established, and another field reclaimed that had once been occupied by the Basel Mission, but from which the Christians had disappeared almost completely. Furthermore, the placing of the catechists prevented the establishment in one of the towns of a group of Hausas, aud another obstacle was opposed to the Moslem invasion.

Within a year after landing, the four missionaries of the commission had rescued and reorganized fifteen mission stations of the two Societies formerly at work, putting them practically on a self-supporting basis. America has had her part in this work of conservation, for it has been financed almost entirely by special gifts made to the Paris Society through Dr. John R. Matt. In this way it has not been a charge on the general budget, which the Christians of France are striving to meet nobly and with great self-sacrifice.

Alexander the Great had a famous, put poor, philosopher at court. Being pressed for money he made application for relief to his patron who, commissioned him to draw whatever cash he required from the treasury. The philosopher presented a request for £10,000. The treasurer refused to honor it until he consulted with his royal master, adding that the amount was exorbitant. Alexander replied, "Pay the money at once, the philosopher has do:;/e me a singular honor. By the largeness of his request he show the high idea he has conceived both of my wealth and munificence."

We honor God by believing what He says.

MACHINERV:—JAPANESE COOLIE WOMEN COALING

Japan.Working Out Her Problems BY REV. GEORGE W. FULTON, D. D., OSAKA, JAPAN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MOVEMENTS of the greatest importance, not only to the Orientals themselves but to m~lllkind at large, are rapidly going forward in the Orient, as those nations work out the problems affecting their relations with the world.

. Japan is the leader of the Orient, and that progressive people, under a stable government, have been inaugurating changes that are very significant. Having embarked on a career as a world power, the Japanese people are facing fundamental problems, which they are trying to work out.

1. THE PROBLEM OF DEMOORACY The early Japanese were essentially democratic. Later, militarism developed, flowered into feudalism, and became autocracy run wild. The restoration of the Emperor to his throne in 1868, and the abolition of feudalism. were the first Flteps toward a return to their original democracy. The llation had to be unified, organized and made fit for dmnocratic institutions. We know that the same patriots that overthrew the slIog-ullate and put the Emperor on his throne, also procured from their Emperor a national consti- 125

tution in 1889. The determination of the people to rule was evinced in the first parliament assembled in 1890, and the fight for this divine right has continued for twenty-eight years against a selfconstituted oligarchy, which grew up around the throne. and which threatened to perpetuate a form of autocracy. The battle has at last been won by the representatives of the people, and the fall of 1918 witnessed the installation of a cabinet responsible to a majority in the lower house of parliament. This significant event was scarcely noticed in the daily press of America, and yet it is of vast importance to the cause of democracy ill the world.

Mr. Hara, the present premier, is all untitled man, who has risen from the ranks of the common people, and who still identifies himself with them. The members of the cabinet, who share with the premier the responsibility fO'r ruling the country, are of tlw same democratic bent. Unless these representatives of the peopl~ fail in the performance of their task, the way"is now clear for the perpetuation in Japan of democratic institutions, such as have long' operated in Great Britain.

2. THE LABOR PROBLEM.

AfteT several centuries of feudalism, Japanese laborers were reduced to a condition of submission and subservience from which they are only now beginning to rebound. Twenty-five or thirty years ago labor organizations were attempted but their mismanagement caused their failure and, because of the evils and practical dangers connected with them, they were prohibited. Today .Japan has no labor organizations similar to those in America and Europe but strikes have been occurring with terrible frequency within the last tWf' or three years. In 1917 there was an average of more than me a day throughout the year. The rice riots of August, 191b, were of the nature of a demonstration of massed labor against the powers that be for permitting the markets to be manipulatE'(1 so as to cause the pricE' of rice to go soaring beyond HIe reach of the common peoplE'. The riots not only resulted in the destruction of several hundred thousand dollars worth of property in the leading cities of Japan but caused hy the Terauchi military cabinet to give place to a democratic, civil regime. This popular demonstration of spirit and power on the part of the labor masses has also wrought changes in public sentiment hitherto undreampil of in .rapan.

The "Friendly Society" for mutual aid, education, and general welfare of the laboring classes, is spreading- rapidly through the country, and is helping toward improving the conditions of labor as well as putting it on an' intellig-ent basis, This society has the moral support of mallY lE'ading bnsillE'ss men and statE'smen of Japan. Its leadE'r is a Christian man.

1'J20J JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

THE INTERIOR OF A HOME IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO The central government also has recently established within the Home Department, a "Bureau of Local Affairs" whose chief aim and purpose is to guard and improve the conditions of working people in the different localities. Some of the leading officials in this bureau are Christian men, who are endeavoring to apply Christian principles in the work under their charge.

For a number of years, a factory law has been in process of formation in parliament, and in 1916 was put into operation. Factory laborers in J apall are now numbered by the millions, and a a vast number of women and children are employed. Largely through Christian agitation, factory conditions had been exposed, and the situation called loudly for reform. The new law provides some relief, but it is confessedly inadequate, as there are so many loopholes of escape for unscrupulous employers and superintendents of labor.

However, the important thing is the recognition that labor problems exist, that their satisfactory solution is vital to the welfare of the nation, and that a good beginning has been made. N ow that the employees have a taste of the good things possible, and public opinion has begun to take notice, agitation is sure to cont.inue until satisfactory amelioration has taken placf'.

3. THE PROBLElI1 OF' Exc};ss POPULATION It i8 difficult for an AnlPrican to I'palize thf' congestion of population, and the living conditions in a country like Japan. There

are a little less than 150,000 square miles of territory, or about the size of the two Dakotas, and only one-seventh of the total is arable or habitable. Within those narrow bounds a population of approximately 58 millions are compelled to eke out an existence, since the doors of most western countries have been practically closed to Japanese immigration; while towards the East there is scant opportunity for expansion.

Twenty-seven hundred people cannot well subsist on a square mile of ground without intensifying somewhere. Since her territorial borders were not elastic, and her family was increasing at COOLIll WOMEN WORKING IN A LUMBER YARD IN JAPAN the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, Japan found it necessary to foster industrial enterprises in order to. enable her people to live.

The wonderful development of industry in Japan during the last two decades has not been me.rely a vain ambition, but has h'J0n a necessity. It was a matter of life or death for her rapidly increasing population. Her resources in soil and natural products were limited, but her resources in men and women were abundant. The intensive cultivatioll of thesp produced tIll' pl'espnt l'f'lIlarkabJe growth in the uumber and variety of factories, as wf'll as of ppopk "lorking in them.

In '1'okyo, 3,600 new factories sprang into existf'IlCe during 1917, and the rate of factory increase in that city for the last three

JAPAN WORKING OUT HER PROBLEMS

~'ears has approximai.Pfl two hnnrlred a month. III Osaka, the increase has bef'n equally as gTPat, or greater, ~whilf~ other cities have shown rPHult." HcarC!~Jy less st.rikillg. 1'11(',,(' factorif'H located ill or around the leading citirs of .Japan have been drawing the population away from the country districts in a drift estimated at 300.000 a year, s'o that already fa; inlands are beginning to feel its effects.

There can he no question that Japan's new industries have helped wonderfully toward the solution of tllP problem of her excess population, though how long this will prove effective is uncertain. The cost of living has more than doubled since the beginning of the war, according to govprnnwnt figures, and doubtless many of' the new enterprisE'S will suffer, following thp termination of the war. But there can be no question that the Japanese are henceforth to be reckoned an industrial people and are to have a large share in the world's husiness and commerce.

Moreover, it is desiI'l'lbl(' that their entry into this new sphere should be recognized as entirely legitimate. They should not be decried as usurpers, supplanters, nor should the bogey of the "yellow peril" be raised, inasmuch as they are simply working out the problem of national subsistence to which they have as good a right as any other people of the globe.

4. SOCIAL PROBLEMS The place of pre-pminf'nc(' among social problems in Japan just now belongs to the position of woman and her relation to the other sex. Advance in education and the example of the West have conspired to produce a dissatisfaction with the conditions forced upon womanhood by the tE'achings of Buddhism, reinforcpd by Confucianism, during a period of a thousand years or more. W ompn are not any longpr content to marry any husband ~ that may be picked out for them, to rewre him regardless of his moral qualities, and render an abject obedience to his slightest whim, without any recognition of her own rights and social claims. During the past decade, Japan has been floodfd with the light literature of Europe, particularly from Rm;sia, in which the problem of the relation of the sexes is given radical treatment. Ibsen's" Dolls' House" waR translated and almost universally r0ad, producing something like a furore in Japanese society. Very radical movements were initiated in some quartets, and the question of the new woman was the leading topic of discussion in papers and magazines. This agitation has moderatpd somewhat, but it has had its effect, and the movement for the emancipation of woman to a position of social equality, once started, will undoubtedly move forward to final realization. As is well known, Japan was slow to encourage higher educa-

tiOlJ 1'01' womell. Ii ww.; 01l]~' aftE'l' mi""joll I'choo]" had hef'1l l'uccf'sRfril1y carried on for a df'cRf]p or two that the Government finally was comp( HE'd to yipld to a unnaud more or less general for the establishing of girl's high schools throughout the country. There are now ;150 of these institutions with an enrolment of approximately 100,000 girls. Again, the mission schools are in the lead with collf'ge departments for women of two or three years, and recently a Union Ohristian Oollege, fully equipped, has been established in order to provide full college courses for the graduates of high schools. The remarkable initial success of· this college will. doubtless furnish an incentive for the government also to enter this field. The point is this higher education, and especially its Ohristian form, creates standards and ideals for women which cannot but revolutionize Japanese social life. An educated J apanese woman is fitted to become more than servant-in-chief of the man's household. She seeks the place of companion and helpmate. And fortunately the better class of Japanese men are beginning to sec the advantage of this new relation and to welcome it.

Also educated young people are chafing under the restraints which prohibit social mingling of. the sexes, and are calling for a freedom similar to that of the West. Doubtless the suggestion would he to let thEm have such freedom and not resist the demand which is according to nature and for the good of society. But social customs cannot change so rapidly, and it must be said that neit,her the young men nor the young women have aK yet been educated to the responsibilities of social intercourse. The young women have not reached that self-respect and strength of character which wonld enable them to protect themselves, and the y0ung men have not attained that self-control, that chivalry, which in all circumstances would qualify them as protectors of the opposite sex.

It is a fundamental prohlem of social life which is claiming insistent attention in Japan, and it is questionable whether it can safely he solved any more rapidly than Ohristianity can spread to provide the atmosphere and the sanctions under which social. intercourse between the sexes may unhesitatingly he encouraged.

5. THE RELIGIOUS PROBLEM Japan has heen gradually shifting from an atheistic position to one of recognition of religion as vital to the welfare of her people. On the one hand there is evidence of pessimism among the educated youth, leading frequently to suicide; on the other hand there is excess and riotous living, linked with dishonest and shameful practices among the people at large. These have awakened widespread fear that the foundations of their national life were being undermined, and a conviction that religion must he encouraged and cultivated as a pra~tical necessity. The conference of representa"

1')20] JAPAN WORKING OUT HER

tin'H of Buddhism, Rhiuto and Christianity, cOllvokl'd hy the govc:>rnmc:>11t a few y(>arH ago, a1ld urg'C?d to c:>xert t hprnt;f'h~f'H to the uttermost for the social and moral wC?Hare of society, marked a distinct change of front all the part of the government towards religion.

Shinto's answer has bC?pn an attE'mpt to persuade schools, from primary upward, to escort the pupils to shrines of famous heroes, to lwnr an~w the story of their illustrious deE'ds and to n:ake tlwir obeisances to the spirits of the departed.

Buddhism's answer has been a campaign for the establishing of Sunday-schools, in imitation of those conducted by Christians~ with the result that the temples over the country presem the new spectacle of groups of children assembling for singing, memorizing Buddhist texts, receiving reward cards and listening to talks from the priests concerning ancient Buddhist heroes'.

Christianity has answered not only by renewed effort along ordinary lines of work, but by inaugurating and carrying through a stupendous program of evangelism calculated to reach the whole country with the gospel message in some form. This national evangelistic campaign, a union effort of all denominations and extending over a period of four years, has heen a ulliquedemonstration, not only of the unity but of the power of Christianity in Japan. It stirred the churches. It awakened widespread interest among non-Christians. It gave the impulse of new life to thousands of men and women who had been in seart'h of the rea) rC'ligion for mankind.

In recent years, the non-Christian religions in Japan have been awakened to new exertion to save themselves from collapse and ruin, but Christianity has not wavered in its onward march toward final victory.

The Japanese realize their religiouR problem as one of many which they. are working out, and the most thoughtful are keen enough to see that its sOlUti011 rests with Christianity, toward which the drift is markt'd from every sidt' of their life.

"ONLY THROUGH ME"

By JOHN OXF,NHAM "Only through Me can come the great awakening! Wrong cannot right the wrongs that Vrong hath done; Only through Me. all other gods forsaking, Can ye attain the heights that must be won.

Oniy through Me shall Victory be sounded; Only through Me can Right wield righteous sword; Only through Me shall Peace be surely founded; Only through Me! * * * Then hid Me to the Board!"

A German Plea for German

"WHAT WILL HOLD us FAST TO-DAY TO FOREIGN MISSIONS?"

Translated from a letter issned by the German Missionary Society, Berlin T HIS question certainly arises from the souls of many. It sounds as if there were nothing more to impel us to continue after the conclusion of peace to offer gifts, prayers, work, and love to missions among pagans and Mohammedans. And many will even say that there is nothing more. That is chlefly due, however, to the fact that today there are even more incorrect views in currency concerning foreign missions than in the period before the war. One often hears the question today: "Is there still any German missionary work? Have not all missionaries bE'E'n driven out by the Englishf Why do we continue to go to the aid of the heathen now that we no longer have any German colonies 1 Shall we still work in behalf of the blacks after they fought so savagely and so wildly against us in the English and French armies f Have we now, when our enemies are trying to draw the last farthing from our pockets, money left for foreign races? Have we still any right to bring' the Gospel to the heathen when our own people is often enough conducting itself as though it were heathen1"

In such questions many errors lie concealed. Those who do not wish to cling capriciously to preconceived opinions, however, but who wish to see the truth, we can convince, we believe, that there is much to say to hold 'Us still to German missions and that God's will more clearly today, and even really beginning only from, today, demands that we think with 1tndiminished loyalty of the heathen.

1'. It is not true that German mission fields represent only a great waste. Missions in the Dutch colonial empire, or, in other words, a sixth part of the former German Protestant missions, have been practically untouchrd by the war. In wonderful revival movements God has richly blessed in several of these fields of labor, particularly on the island of Nias, the work of German miR- Rions even during the years of war. Furthermore, in the former German colonies of the South Seas the majority of the German missionaries still remain successfully engaged in their activities. The Boer Republic, both in German Southwest Africa and in South Africa, allowed the German missionaries, for the greater part, to continue their work. Neither Japan nor Ohina has expelled German missionaries. In Rpite of the peace trea,ty, in spite of the attempt of the English to deal a death blow to German missionary work in all parts of the world, the Berlin Mission has thus a well 132 founded hope that it will be able to continue its work in South Africa and, of still 1nm'eintportance, among the fmtr hundred millions of the Chinese.

2. To be sure, there is at the present time no longer any German colonial mission. Germany has indeed been robbed of all her colonies, but were we friends ~f missions only on account of the colonies f The first German colonies were won in 1884. The birth of German missions, however, dates back more than a century. Our Berlin .Mission has been sending its emissaries of the Gospel out among the heathen since 1834. Then the will of our Saviour sufficed to make missions a duty and a joy to believing Christians. Is th(~ command of the Lord, "go into all the world," "proclaim Ole Gospel to all creatures," not to continue to have rorce today? If German Christians should ceasp to carryon missions because of the lost colonies, they would have to become subject to the reproach that they had carried on missions, not for the sake of God, but in order to bring their colonies to a flourishing condition, or. in other words, out of a motive of selfishness, refined though it might be. No, even now lpt us show that we have still remained disciples of the Lord who gave His life for all mankind, and children of God who wills that all men be helped. Only so much the purer and more bea7~tiful will our missiotlary work become when the appearance of national selfishness cannot be ascribed to it.

3. But have the rae-es out there deserved it of us ~ Have not many of our dead fallen on the battle-fields, victims of the knives of inhuman blacks 1 'Well, and even if this were true, we should exercise that Christian revenge which has so often given to missions the consecration of a true work of God. The Christian churches of Samoa, in time gone by, avenged the murder of their missionaries on the New Hebrides by sending out constantly new missionaries until the murderers and cannibals had hecome Christians. Should not German Christians be able to exercise such magnanimity in the spirit of Christf BeRides that, however, the war has not seen the blacks on the Ride of our enemies alone. Among the bravest deeds of German troops in this war was the heroic fight of the little band in German East Africa under Lettow-Vorbeck. But for the unparalleled loyalty with which the black sol· diers stuck to their German leaders and to the German Empire they would never have been able to hold out until the armistice against the ten-fold superior forces of their enemies. Do we German CMistians want to be less true than these blacks? Or who was it who protected our missional'ies in China against being driven out of their stations and heing spnt back home ~ It was the Chinese, heathen as well as Christian, who by a storm of indignation compelled their Government to def('at the will of England and to allow the German missionaries, already assembled in the

harbor cities for embarkation, to return again to their fields of work. Can we ever forget thi8 of the Chine8e? They declared that the German missionaries were thpir friends and had given unsplfish aid. Shall this judgmmt latpr be brought to shame through the indifferpnc{' alld the littlp faith of thp Christians in the homeland r 4. Primarily, how{'vpr, WP are held to missious hy the loyally of the Christian boliie8 brought together hy our missionarif's. In German East Africa, in South Africa, ill Kiaochow, and in the Province of Canton, they haVf~ givPll our miRsionarips countless proofs of their loyalty, tllPiJ' confidence, their resppct, and their love. Tpachen; and pn'achers have oftpn carried on thpir work with half their meager salaries, oJ', indeed, without auy remunera- tion, instead of looking ahout for oth('1" better paid positionR. The churches have increased their free-will offf rings in order to make up for the falling off of gifts from Germany. In public service and in the closets the prayers of our black and of our yellow Chris- tians during the war have mounted up to God for us. If only WI'

could thank them all without exception! If we could only re- assemble our far-scattered churches in German }<jast Africa! But if that should be forbidden us, one thing is certain, our missionary work has stood the test of fire. In the homeland we have to weather the storm against the Church and religion, but on th(~ mission fields God shows us that the GOSl)Pl is still a vital force and that our Church has brought forth living issue in the churches on the mission field. Do we want to destroy this same comfort and this means of strengthpning of our faith by replying to thp faith and confidence of our black and of our Yellow brethren with lack of faith and with indifferE'l1cef· .

5. Missions, of course, cost money, and mOllPY will soon be scarce enough ill Gprmany. But as YE't it is not. And is the work which we do in God 's caus(~ tIw first which must feel the pinch of povert~'? So 10llg as the crowds go to tIlE' cinE'ma and the theater, and so long as we have mOlley Pllough left foJ' thousands of hobbiE'S, GE'rman Christians cannot say with a good conscience that it is our poverty which prevpnts. our making any offering to missiolls. What we formerly gave to missions we gave in most cases out of our ahundance. OftenE'r than formerly our missionary gifts will now have to represpnt real sacrifice. 'Will they really have less value in God's eyes for that rpason1 Love is resourceful. If we give up missions, we do it, honestly, not fundamentally from lack of money hut from lack of love.

6. Must love really cross land and sea in ordpr to find sufferings to alleviate! (h: to filld ullhelipw'rs who llPpd the Gospel? We have, to be sure, at the presel1t time l1E'E'd E'nough at home, and the worst need of all arises from the fact that our own people

1')20) A GERMAN PLEA FOl{ GERMAN MISSIONS 13S

know the Gospel so little. That iR all very tnH'. Our nation must again become a Christian nation or we are lost. Our nation needs the Gospel as urgently as it needs daily hread. But who can bring it to thpm but Christians who themselves possess a living faith 1 But there is no 70tlller any livinrJ faith where the clear will of 0111' S(u}iour is not relJardt'd,. where there is denial of his world-embracing love; when] one tUrJIS indifferently aw·ay from the need of the foreign nations with their millions of souls. God has in many places blessed the work of our German missionaries and with it the love of missions of Christians in the homeland, even during the war, beyond our .prayers and beyond our understanding'; and should our gratitude for this be shown in withdrawal of the daily bread from this work? God helped the Christians of the black and of th(, yellow race:'; to perform their miracle of loyalty, and should there revprberate to them from the Christians of the homeland in return for this an echo of disloyalty? God has thwarted in many ways the counsel of our enemies so that the English have not been able to eradicate German missions everywhere in their world dominion; and we should be showing little faith if in allSWfr to this we had only to ask if German missions were not at all nld. No, here is a question of doing one thing and not omitting another: We must with all our forces strive to the end that in our nation the Gospel should again become a power; but at th(~ samp time we must show that for us God's name, God's kingdom, and God's will really extend over all. And therefore we must I'pmain active and self-sacrificing friends of missions.

These are the causes, in a word, that hold us to foreign missions; the lO1)e and loyalty which echo to 11S from Africa and China, the blessing and the protection of God which we are experiencing, the wish to show our own people the vital to/'ce of the Gospel, the need of thl'- heathen, and the holy will of our God which remains ever the same, on whose aid we rely for ourselves, for our missionary work, and for our fatherland.

THE CENTENARY OF MEDICAL MISSIONS In 1820 Rev. John Scudder, M. D., began his work as a medical missionary in Ceylon. Fifty years later Clara Swain, M. D., went to India to begin medical work for women and children. The Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America has appointed a special committee of one hundred to arrange .a suitable celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of Medical Missions. The celebration will be educational. and the printed program will include valuable historical material arranged by Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason; an interview with Dr. C. H. Patton who has iust returned c. trom the Orient; a dramatic presentation entitled "The Doctor Dilemma,"

by Mrs. E. Cronk; and an appeal to young men and women by Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery. (Write to Mr. F. P. Turner, 25 Madison Ave., New York.)

"A Foreign Devil of The Second Degree"

A Picture of Chinese heathenism as it really 18 BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT Author of "China from Within"

A gift from America enabled me not long ago to open a girl's primary school in a certain mountain village. That village had never seen a school, either for boys or girls. One of our Girls' High School graduates was sent there to teach. Being vastly beyond any of the villagers in education, not to speak of the gulf that separ<'tcd her from them as a Christian, her intelligence and attractiveness. along with her modesty, speedily won the hearts of some of the. women, and made the village men take note that a girl could attain such heigh~s.

Among those who came to see her was a young woman, an only child, whose mother died soon afterward. Her father was a headman of the village, a rough, coarse, brutal fellow, who blamed the death of the mother on the ill-luck that resulted from the daugh- ter having any intercourse with a Christian teacher. They call a Chinese Christian disciple of a missionary a "foreign devil of the second degree." The daughter was charmed with such a Christian teacher and found her sympathetic and loving in her sorrow as no one else could be. .

The girl began to learn of Jesus, the Rest Giver, and learned that there was a better way than the time-honored heathen custom of betrothing a baby girl to a baby boy. From babyhood, she had been betrothed to a country boor, whom she had never seen, and who had become an idiot through his ljnbridled excesses. An engagement is as binding among the Chinese as a marriage with Americans, and the time was fast approaching for her to wed. Practically everybody in China marries. An unmarried woman! Vhoever heard of such a strange and disgraced creature! But the girl had been absorbing ideas from her teacher friend. The teacher did not tell her not to wed; but tbe Gospel wbich promotes true liberty began to work in her soul. She realized that tbe living deatb to wbicb she was bound was unnatural, outrageous; and what little of the Gospel she had absorbed caused her nature to rebel and gave her will strength to resist the demand of custom. She told her father that she would not marry the young man. In a rage, he beat her and then in disappointment and anger went off and got drunk. He came back and abused her more, taunted her with unfiliality and laid her new and unexpected stubbornness to the "foreign devil" religion. He blamed her mother's death on her turning away from the good old customs of the ancestors to listen to the foreign religion. There is no law in China to curb such a parent's brutal authority.

Disgraced beyond measure in the eyes of all, the girl awoke in the night from her stupor of. pain; she soaked Japanese match heads in water and drank the poison. The result was another woman's heart broken by heathenism; another life sacrificed to the Moloch of "llonorable custom"; another one of the myriads of inarticulate women sufferers strangled by the heartless system in . which they are enmeshed. A little gleam of the Gospel she had, but too late, and not enough. Whose fault? This is another of the multitudinous cases referred to in Ezekiel 6 :33.

136

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J.

A NEW WAY FOR A NEW DAY up to the tasks there must be a THE EDITOR'S MItSSAGt a" League of Churches as well a THE Interchurch World Move- League of Nations. Cooperation is in the air. The gem' us f th e I n- ~~icmh eint.t is a product of the age in has been born. Although 0 terchurch World Movement is ~Ito IS an mcorporated body, it is not found in the weaving together of much an organization as an f?rces with an emphasis and effi- Ideal, an emphasis, a way and an clency never before realized.

atmosphere in which to carry out It will furnish what Tyler Denthe program of Jesus Christ. It nett calls "a new definition of what h.as come out of the great tribula- the Church can do." In the past tlOn of war. It seeks to capitalize some of the experience of the war there has often been a waste of c£- for the Kingdom of Love. It faces fort, both spiritual and cmooapteerraiatl~ because churches did not an over-organized world, in need in America even as much as on of bold reconstruction, suffering from a starvation that is mental the foreign mission field. All of and. spiritual as well as physical. tthhe~msa were doing many things of Vlewmg the critical situation in me character, such as devel- opmg intercession and miSSIOn every country, many have asked study, furnishing literature and whether the Church had no solu- publicity, making surveys of fields tion for the problems. Christian- at home and abroad, and raising ity h~s the message-who will make It known? Is the voice of money' through special drives; but they had no plan for unified and Protestantism strong enough to be cooperative effort, such as achieved heard above the swirl of the rapids e.x!raordinary .success in the pub- in which humanity is caught? Not hClty and drives of the various unless it be a unanimous, consen- war relief funds.

tient voice. Years ago Dr. John To centralize all this denomina- R. Mott said, "An unconvinced tional activity within the space of world is the price we are paying a year would have seemed frankly for our divided. Protestantism." impossible before the war. But the There are more than a billion people in the world (two-thirds of church world is wiser to-day than it was five years ago. Leaders of the population of the earth) to all communions have endorsed the whom the truths of Christianity have not yet been brought home. Interchurch idea from the first We stand, and with difficulty presentation of its aim and scope.

Scores of organizations have offi- maintain our balance in a flood of cially approved. Training confer- ~r<?blems-industrial, political, rehgIOUS. Men, women, and children ences have been held, and soon a are all affected. No class is ex- great series of campaigns and con- ventions will reach states, counties, empt, no country, no race. and local churches with definite We face tasks immeasurably plans.

greater than the task of the war. Much depends upon the exten- The Church and its agencies may make this day more glorious in sive surveys of home and foreign opportunity than any preceding mission fields. The basis will be epoch. But in order to measure geographical, not toecicnlcelsuiadsetictahl~ and, in endeavoring 137

whole body of facts there will be number of workers on the field, presented an entirely new study of and other details could be easily the present situation. worked out."

The total budget to be raised in Within eleven months Dr. Vance the campaign of April, 1920 will of the Southern Presbyterian be computed after these needs have Board had called to New York been tabulated and presented to the the representatives of home and General Committee in January, foreign mission boards to pray and 1920. All the funds contributed, plan for an Interchurch World except a small percentage (prob- Movement.

ably under 5 per cent) taken for That. was in December, 1918; overhead expense, will be admin· the following month saw rapid istered by the cooperating boards. development. Vanous conferences, The running expense is being met councils, federations, boards and now by extension of credit offered other groups heard of the idea, by some of the missionary boards, learned the name, and endorsed the banks requiring neither casn both. The general committee of nor collateral, for, they say, "The 150 and the executive committee Church is the best credit in the of 21 members, of which Dr. John.

world." R. Matt is chairman, held meet- A Bit of History ings, chose temporary headquar- ters, and began the selection of a The genesis of the Interchurch staff.

ideal cannot be discovered. It Would you like a glimpse of the was enshrined in the prayers of many departments? The task of making until the war made united drives a survey of world needs, with all seem both practical and spiritual. the necessary maps, graphs, pic- The first public utterance was tures, lantern slides, statistics, reprobably the answer to. th~ ques- search, publicity and literature re- tion "How can we mamtam, de- quires a carefully chosen and well velop and direct the new measure organized personnel, and much of beneficence which has come to persistent development of respon- the front in the war?" This was sibility among clergy, laymen and at the Garden City Conference, women for intercession, life serv- January, 1918. ice and stewardship. Stirring all Mr. James M. Speers said, church members into a burning de- "There must be a far larger meas- sire to evangelize the world would ure of cooperation among the de- justify the existence of the Inter- nominations than ever before if we church World Movement even if expect people to give liberally. there were to be no financial cam- We shall get all the money we paign. But to find the needed funds need for foreign missions when a ill April, 1920, will call for tremen- united Church presents its united dous promulgation through campaigns appeal. * * * Why should we not in all parts of the country to be inassign to Montclair, for example, stituted by the field department, where I live, and to every other whose offices are on the twelfth floor town and city in the country its of 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

portion of that budget and hav:C On the sixth floor of the same the Christian men and women of building are the publicity and. liter- each community, without regard to ature departments. Other branches their denominational affiliations, of work are in the Greenhut Build- undertake to raise their quota? ing, New York, while the executive The money thus raised could be force and personnel division are at apportioned to each organization 111 Fifth Avenue. When all the cooperating in accordance with the varied forms of activity can be

WOMANS FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

housed under one roof much time Personal research on home and and effort will be spared, and the foreign fields. Important depremarkable effectiveness of the utations have already gone to steps taken thus far will be bettpr the Orient, women traveling at their own expense, and inappreciated. vestigating the interests of women and children in seven Relating the Wowen commissions on- And what of the part women Primary and secondary euucamay play? Are they factors and tion for girls.. coefficients? Instead of a separate "woman's department" we have Collegiate education. in the Interchurch World Move- Religious education and evangelment a "department of women's activities." This is a distinction ism. and a difference. As a policy, it Social service. recognizes the remarkable achieve- Christian literature. ments of the past fifty years of Medical work for women in Chiwoman's organized work for home and foreign missions, provides for na and India. their conservation and develop- Problems in administration. ment, and hopes to make the advance of all Protestant woman's II. Spiritual Resources. boards more effective than ever. Women already form one-third of At the same time it declares that the list of special in tercessors, the day for the segregation of and are helping give this imporwomen is pa.st and gone, that a tant emphasis to all the activiwoman's ability should be recog- ties of the Movement. Volunnized as that of a church member teers are being sought for state without regard to sex. This pol- and county directors of spiritual icy offers a great field for initia- resources. tive and should result in mobilizing the largest possible number of III. Industrial Relations. those whose sympathies have not yet been roused to meet the needs Women are serving in this deof the womanhood of the world. partment in research and serv- It also calls upon women to co- ice. They are helping to shape operate with men without sacri- a program that shall bring ficing individual opinion upon the Christian principles to bear a altar of superselfconsciousness. significant part in settling so- In this new era we should be able cial unrest, in bringing justice to march together, as we did in to women and children who war activities. are the greatest sufferers in war and its aftermath, and in The Interchurch World Move- educating church members to ment aims not so much to set up adopt the program of Jesus new machinery as to furnish a Christ in national and intergreat belt by which many impor- national justice and good will. tant and well oiled wheels in var- Valuable correspondence coursious places may be geared on for es will be offered about J angreater efficiency and production. uary 1.

To interpret in concrete terms IV. "Life Service and Stewardship. with reference to some of the departments and divisions of the There can be no sex line in these movement it means: departments, for women are 1. Surveys as regards work for being challenged to-day quite .as much as men to give them- women. selves and their property to Kingdom tasks. The success of "Rainbow recruiting" in many cities has proved the

valtie of that bit of womanly teer service near their own homes. Before that date the Budget of needs initiative. to be presented in the financial Cam- paign will be closed, and the Board V. Missionary Education. of Review will hold its first meeting since the World Survey Conference. In this field women have made There are no adjectives strong important contributions both enough to convey adequately the quality of enthusiasm and faith evi- at home and abroad. Such an denced in that Atlantic City gather- ing. It will go down in history as expansion of mission study an epoch-making event. With many it wil! mark the passage from distrust might be assured as would stir to confidence, from narrow views to broad, from separation to cordial all Protestantism to meet ade- cooperation.

quately every need presented The Interchurch World Movement does not intend to commission any in the surveys. It cannot suc- missionaries or to dispense any mis- sionary funds. Such duties will still ceed unless a large volunteer be in the hands of the boards. Organic union or the doing away with de- force of women who have a nominational lines, is not being con- sidered. It is a line-up and a forward genius for teaching and organc march of Prdtestant evangelical churches, in which each communion izing can be mobilized. In the maintains its own banners, traditions and responsibility, but in a spirit of paucity of hospitals, nurses, united prayer and study, cooperative effort and sympathy, take pride in doctors, school faciHties, means the success of all, and .honors with unified devotion and adoration its of self-support and self-expres- one Lord and Master Jesus Christ. sion in the lands of pagan Send to.

faiths can be found a strong Women's Activities Department, Interchurch World Movement, 111 appeal to women of America Fifth Avenue, New York City for free literature on Stewardship. that justice may be granted- 1. February Stewardship Period. a fair chance given-to all 2. A True Story of a Live-Wire Read- ing Contest. women everywhere. 3. A Catechism of Christian Steward- ship by Ralph S. Cushman. Plans are now underway subject to the approval of the Federation and the Council that should result in the organization of many more local Fed- erations for women, an effective education in Stewardship principles through reading contests on the topic in churches of all denominations, and a great series of Conferences for women ill' which the entire program and message of the Interchurch World Movement may be presented by women trained to speak on the subject. .

The County Conferences (3000 in number) will call for 700 women speakers who should devote two weeks after February 16th to volun-

FROM MANY

CHINA made good is worth more than ten good men made better." Princeton Center in Peking Gradually the whole prison atmos- SEVERAL American colleges have phere has changed. Dormitaries planted centers of _Christian in- have taken the place of cells, a lec- fluence which have cultivated a sym- ture hall has been built, and definite pathetic understanding between the work is provided for the men, on countries they bring together. One which they receive a percentage of the of the most active of these is the profits. One man has, since his re· Princeton University Center in Pe- lease, found employment with the king, which is organized under the Yangtse Engineering Company; and Y. M. C. A., with Bible'discussion sent a letter to his prison associates, groups, classes in economics, business urging them to heed what the mis· methods and foreign language; and sionaries teach, since 'it has the power especial stress laid upon evangelism. – to change lives as proved by himself. Much interest has developed in prison work, and prison conditions have been Results from an Industrial Experiment greatly modified. In one of the large prisons is a chapel, in which the pul- THE Jenshow Industrial School of pit is surmounted by pictures of the West China is in the center of five religious leaders who have exerted the la-rgest influence on the an agricultural section compnsmg Chinese,-Confucius, M 0 ham m e d, Buddha, Laotse and Christ. Priests nearly 5000 square miles, and has of all five preached on successive days, but gradually the first four been blazing a new trail in the religions fell into disuse, and an open field was left for the teaching of Christian development of West Christ. .China. When it was found four A summer conference is conducted in North China at an old temple of years ago that twenty-five of the "the sleeping Buddha," now become the temple of the living Christ, and thirty-two boys who had completed many have been won to lives of Christian service there. the lower grade were unable to con- A Prison Transformed tinue in school unless some scheme WORK for Chinese prisoners III could be evolved to supplement their H wangpei Hsien is carried on jointly by the London Missionary funds, and therefore would be lost to Society and the American Church Mission, each being responsible for Christian -influences, it was decided one visit a week. Beginning with individual talks, and tract distribu- to challenge the time-honored prejution, the work has now expanded to include teaching organized classes, dice of the Chinese scholar against and regulaT preaching. The Magishate, although not a Christian, is in manual labor, and to introduce farm hearty accord, and shares the work work as a self-help opportunity for by giving occasional lectures. He is of the opinion that "one bad man the boys. Further opportunity has been offered by the introduction of certain types of industrial work, such as weaving, wood-carving and some manufacturing.

As a result of this experiment, out of twenty-nine graduates fifteen have professed faith in Christ, having en- tered the school non-Christian, and all but five have entered work under Christian auspices. Two only have so far been impervious to Christian :nfluence. Chinese Recorder.

Work of a Chinese Woman Doctor ABOUT twenty years ago a Chi- nese woman doctor went with a 141

foreign missionary to a large interior outline the objects of the series town to attend a patient. While there which were: she was stoned and driven into a 1st-that these Jews might band house for refuge. This incident so themselves together into an organiza- impressed her with the need for tion, so that they might not be ut- Christian work in that heathen center terly absorbed by the Chinese round that a few years later she came, with about them, and lose their identity one nurse and no financial backing, as Jews; 2nd-that they might hear to start work there. the wonderful history of their fore- What are some of the results after fathers, that it might stimulate them a few years of service? She has the to hope in the purposes of God, and finest property and hospital in her that they might determine to con- Mission in Central China, and not stantly bear in mind how God dealt only that but the land was given to with their own people; 3rd-that her almost entirely by the people of they might understand the foundation the city, and she has a yearly grant truths of the Jewish religion which from them as well. When the local for centuries had been witnessed to Red Cross Hospital gets a cut-throat by their fathers here in Kaifeng, and case from the police c:;ourt which' that they might return to the One they dare not tackle, they send it True God of their ancestors, and to over and in a short time the patient His Word; 4th-that they might has recovered. know something of the great move- When a woman in the country ment Zion-ward that is taking place over forty Ii distant cuts her throat today, and that in this return of in most ghastly fashion, the doctor is Israel, some of these "from the sent for, and arrives on the sixth land of Sinim" might have their al- day with her nurses, after braving a lotted place; 5th-that they might winter sleet, in order to succour the know that Jesus Christ was a Jew, sufferer. Not only does the doctor and that He came to save the world.

go farty Ii into the country, but she has been known to go over four hun- The Missionary Touches SDk Industry A dred and fifty li, and patients come NOVEL means of spreading the Gospel was employed in South to her from a radius of over nine hundred ii. China, where an association has been This Christian hospital furnishes formed for the improvement of the an example of what a mere handful silk industry. The first aim of the of Chinese Christian women can do Association is to rid the country of for their community. diseased silk worms-a serious un- Chinese Recorder. dertaking. The Chinese are natur- ally suspicious of being duped, and Attempt to Reorganize Chinese Jews are wary of new methods. This is I N MAY, 1919, the Rev. J. H. where the missionary's chance comes Blackstone, with a band of work- in, for the Chinese know the Church ers, held a series of meetings in con- is there for no other reason than to nection with the Kaifeng Church of help them. Accordingly, the mis- the Canadian Anglican Mission for sionary pastor posts advertisements the Chinese Jews of Kaifeng, with a of the new method, and Rev. E. C.

view to bringing them back to a reali- Howe writes that recently he made a zation of their position as a part of trip, carrying with him 120,000 silk the "chosen people" of God. Most worm eggs which had been micro- of the Jews, it was found, have scopically examined, and found that dropped all Jewish customs, being he could create an interest in follow- practically idolators. ing instructions, where business men The first meeting served to intro- could not get a hearing. Those who duce the Jews to each other, and to bought the healthy eggs were so

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

elated over results that immediate re- and one Bible woman. A one-doc- quests ~ame in to the Association for for hospital means: 1, that the doctor more-what the Society desired, but has to do all the administrative work could not bring about. to the detriment of his- missionary and professional work: -2, that the The Coolie Women Left Behind doctor has no time for personal work along Christian lines: 3, that the W HEN the Chinese coolie trans- patients will not get the scientific portation to France began, some treatment that his medical ideals tell misgivings were felt by missiona:ries him they should have: 4, that hos- as to how their work would be af- pitals are closed when the doctor is fected. Time proved, however, that at annual council, medical confer- instead of being a hindrance the ence, or on furlough: 5, that some movement served to bring Chinese doctors give up vacation and annual women, left behind, nearer to the meeting to keep institutions open in missionaries. In the personal work the summer months, when the popu- following tent services, often the first lation is depending so much on the point of contact was the fact that hospital for help. Dr. Martin hopes a husband or son had joined the that the Forward Movement or the Labor Battalion. Interchurch World Movement will make possible an addition to the "This is the fi'rst time I have heard staff. the Christian doctrine," one would say, "but I have a husband who has JAPAN. CHOSEN gone to your country, so I thought I would like to come and hear your Parable of the Seed Illustrated teaching." MR. YI KAI 0, of the village of The women were told how their Unmooruni, Korea, was, about absent ones were hearing the same five years ago, the reluctant host of Gospel, and that they ought to learn a Bible colporteur, who succeeded in it so that when they returned they leaving a copy of the Gospel. For might be Christians together. four years the book remained un- noticed, then suddenly the desire to MissIon Hospital in Manchuria study it became a passion with Mr. Yi. His son was despatched to the THE St. Andrew's Hospital of the nearest town where a "Jesus Canadian Mission, Manchuria, preacher" lived, with orders to found its In-Patient Depa'rtment bring him home. Here the Bible taxed to its utmost last March as a teacher was received with the utmost result of the Korean independence respect, and remained several days, demonstrations. Dr. S. H. Martin, explaining the Way of Life. the Superintendent, in his report of six months' work, says that of the Mr. Yi was anxious to know how patients who were discharged cured to worship God as he ought, how to all returned home Christians. The pray, how to induct others into the men came in with terror-stricken faces fellowship, and many other sundry and left with smiling countenances, questions had to be answered. He and the light in their eyes revealed had seen sacrifices to spirits of moun- the new hope that had come to them tain and sky; he had seen the wor~ in Christ. More than half the dead ship of SO'rcerer, but how to worship died non-Christian, yet their friends the true and living God was his chief all asked to have the Christian burial concern, for he had never seen a service for them. Christian church. Arrangements were made for regular visits of a The great handicap is the lack of circuit preacher, and today there is a adequate hospital staff. At present church of fifteen members, with a there are two Korean surgical assist- congregation increased to fifty or _ants, one druggist, one preacher and secretary combined, two pupil nurses,

more when the missionary goes to large number of smaller congregathe village~ tions gathered, a few ministers and other Christian workers discovered Industrial Help for K~rean8 and fitted for a life of Christian serv- ice, a still larger number 9f isolated To TEACH industrial methods and scattered Christian brothers won; among the poorer Christians of and a Christian public sentiment has Southern Korea the Australian Pres- been fostered. byterian Mission employs a man who organizes cooperative societies. One Christian Commnnlty at Pompira especially successful experiment has been to purchase machines for rope TWO or three Christian families of making and lend these to Christian Sapporo, an island of Japan, people in various places. Once hav- united with three or four more famiing learned to operate them, they lies from Japan proper and pushed soon earn enough to support them- into the remote, and undeveloped selves and pay for their machines. region of Pompira, where they drove It follows also that the churches are their stakes in the forest and founded enabled to cancel debt. new homes. Among the company of pioneers was a young man who had Country Evangelism been a Bible student in Sapporo. No sooner had the little colony JAPAN delights in expositions, his- formed in Pompira than this young torical or industrial, and such an man .began to organize the children occasion provides an opportunity to into Sunday-school. A year or so carryon an active campaign of evan- later a church was founded and a gelism among the visitors. A tent meeting house built. All this was is pitched in a convenient location. accomplished without a pastor-in Volunteer workers are always pres- fact they have had no minister except ent to welcome, to serve tea, to check a theological student in vacation. parcels for the day, to advise or entertain, to answer inquiries of every Japanese Christian Laymen sort. Room for rest and reading is provided in the cool tent. Each af- ONE of the hopeful indications ternoon hymn singing, crisp preach- that Japan will some day measing, liberal tract distribution and ad- ure up to the idealism of the new vertising are the oTder-hard work era is the fact that Christian busibut far-reaching. ness and professional men are taking the lead in important undertakings. A special literature is produced for Mr. Suzuki, the Gompers of Japan. the country evangelist-up-to-date, is a Christian, and is the head of a for even in the country in Japan, new Society numbering 30,000 working things are sought afteT. A loaning men. He was technical advisor to library reaches the rural districts by the Japanese delegates at the Paris post,-books of Christian biography, Labor Congress. The Japanese chief expositions of the Sermon on the engineer cooperating with the Ameri- Mount and autobiographical sketches can engineer in charge of operating of well known Japanese who have the Siberian Railways is an earnest found the Way of Life. Growing outspoken Christian gentleman. The out of this distribution of literature efforts of such men supplement the is a little monthly of four to eight direct preaching of the Gospel, and pages, "The Northe'rn Brotherhood," have a vital influence in interpreting whose columns answer questions, the spirit of Christianity; and beand record the experiences of the in- cause of the prominence and ability quirers. of these Christian leaders, the news- papers are eager to give filII publicity· By the use of all these methods, to their activities. Thus the 'rural five churches have been planted, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

districts are impressed, and en- In view of the fact of the great movecouraged to attempt reforms in their ments against the use of intoxicants in own communities. various countries of the world, the Gen- eral Assembly of the SOl1th India United Impressions of an American In Japan Church, in meeting assembled, requests the Government of India to place such DR. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, restrictions upon the importation, manu- Home Secretary of the American facture and sale of intoxicants as will Board, who visited Korea, China and lead to the total prohibition of the traffic. Japan in 1919 to gather material for Interchurch World Movement sur- The South India United Church veys, found heathenism a staring reality everywhere in Japan; and this has nea:ly 200,000 members, and repin spite of her modern educational system, with a high degree of literary resentatIVes came to this meeting of and scientific learning among her the Assembly from aU parts of Madras Presidency, Mysore, Travan- core and Ceylon.

Dnyanodaya.

A people. The word heathen is sup- Problems Revealed by Eddy Meetings posed to be taboo in cultivated, beau- HINDU leader said to an Indian tiful Japan, one of the five great Christian not long ago: powers, but the denunciatory Psalms which inveigh against idolatry might "Christianity has conquered China apply there with startling vividness. and Japan, but these are only In Tokyo, Dr. Patton witnessed two primary schools; India is a college temple processions. In one of them and here you must do much mare to the god, of hideous form, was being conquer." carried on a platform by a company Rev. H. A. Popley, in summarizof sake-filled youth, who transported ing the lessons which emerged from the deitv from side to side of the Dr. Sherwood Eddy's tour of India street, aiternately lifting it up and in ~919! says in the first place that down and all the time yelling like IndIa will never be won by giving to demons. At Kobe there is a Shinto evangelism only a little spare time shrine devoted to the rice god, now and then. In many places it was found cthhautrcnheimtheemr bmerissshioadnatriiems~ guarded by two foxes; a very popu- pastors nor lar deity, where worshipers are to be found at all hours, pilgrims, farmers, for definite, personal evangelistic and especially the rice merchants of work. A second impression was the 'he city, who seek the favor of the need for continuous, follow-up god in their transactions of the day, work; a campaign covering several and go through their rigmarole with years, and not merely a few months. Third, the value of evangelism in great assiduity. But Dr. Patton is convinced that promoting union was made clear. this is not the Japan which is to be. The first Conference on Unity of In- Two great movements are sweeping dian pastors was held in connection across the land, and the people of with Dr. Eddy's campaign in Tran- Japan are discovering their close re- quebar. Another need revealed in lationship., They are Democracy and' the campaign was that of outstand- Christianity, and they are taking pos- ing Indian workers, whose word carries authority. Such a one was session of the Japanese mind. Mr. N. V. Tilak, who died since the IXDIA series of meetings. . Resolution on Prohibition A L T a meeting held at Calicut in Oc- Commission on Village Education tober, the South India United c;hurch .passed the following resolu- E~DING missionary organiza- tions of Great Britain and tIOn whIch was communicated to the America have appointed a Commis- Government of India through the sion to look into and report upon the Government of Madras: problem of village education fnr In-

dia, and all branches of work for de- ion in regard to the establishment in pressed and backward classes. The India of a Central "Language School central purpose of the Commission is for Missionaries. It was pointed to advise concerning the best means out that the average efficiency of misby which a truly strong Christian sionaries as regards language is be- Church may be established in India, low what it ought to be, and that and made a power for good in that the general knowledge of the people, country. This will carry the inquiry religions, government, etc., of India, beyond questions of curricula and which a missionary needs to begin school management, and will lead to his life work, is usually acquired only a study of political changes and after many. years of service. Betheir probable bearing upon econom- cause o.f the enormous expense of ic, social, moral and spiritual life. properly equipping a dozen or more Plans will be built, as far as prac- language schools throughout India, ticable, upon work already done, and the advantage of one central School every effort made to cultivate sym- is obvious. pathetic understanding with Indian Christians. A Christian Steward Members of the Commission in- MR. E. W. FRITCHLEY of Bom-' clude among others Rev. Alex. bay was, as a boy, poor, un- Fraser, Principal Trinity College, schooled and handicapped socially, being an Eurasian. But under the Ceylon, Prof. D. J. Fleming, for- influence of Bishop William Taylor he gave his life to Christ; and with merly of Forman College, Lahore; an income amounting to $20 a month the Bishop of Dornakal; K. T. Paul, he set apart a tenth, saying: General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. "Lord, if Thou wilt bless and help for India and Ceylon and Rev. J. H. me, I will give Thee a tenth of all I make; later I will give a fifth; and Maclean of the United Free Church later I'll give Thee everything I earn Mission. to, help build the Kingdom."

Social Work for Factory Employees He is now one of the leading architects of India. Splendid build- I NDIA is falling in line by organiz- ings in that city and in many parts ing social work for factory em- of India bear the marks of his rare ployees. A large shoe manufactur- skill. In all his life and business he ing concern at Cawnpore has agreed recognizes he is first a steward of the to station a missionary and his wife Lord, and has been untiring in planin the factory to ameliorate the con- ning buildings, holding conventions, dition of their 4000 workers. Cawn- distributing tracts, fighting the liquor pore is one of India's largest manu- traffic, encouraging worthy undertakfacturing centers, and practically all ings and even serving the Church the employee class are illiterate. often as lay preacher. The splendid They need to be taught to keep flies building for the Poona Orphanage, off the babies' faces, to find amuse- costing $25,000, and a new church ment in something more exalted than at Kalyan are results of his energy, the nautch and to send their children generosity and Christian consecrato school at least a few hours a day. tion. One advantage is in the fact that 900 of Cawnpore's working class are Iiv- Record of Christian Work. in'g in a model self-governing village adjacent to the city, where it is vastly easier to begin work.

Need for Central Language School Race Lines Disregarded THE American Presbyterian Mis- FOR a world in bondage to race sion in India in May, 1919, sent prejudice, here is an example of a circular letter to other Missions in mutual confidence. The University. India inviting an expression of opin- of Cambridge Mission at Delhi has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

made an Indian Christian the Prin'- about it. One of the wives could cipal of the Mission College, and the not rest until her husband joined her English missionaries, all of whom are in her new found joy, and by prayer graduates of Cambridge University, and persuasion led him to Christ.

serve under him, The Mission Then the Hindu leaders became school with its 800 Hindu and Mo- greatly stirred. They gathered the hammedan boys and large staff of Bibles of the women and burned teachers is now under purely native them, beating the women and forcing supervision, save in matters in which them to sign a letter to the Bishop English and Indian alike a:re bound stating that they were no longer to submit to the Mission Council. Christians, and asking him to take An atmosphere of mutual helpfulness their names from the church roll.

has resulted. But a little later the women man- aged to get a letter to the Bishop, Preaching in the Telugn Area telling him that the former letter THE America:n Baptist Mission in had been signed under compulsion, India supports a group of twelve a:nd no attention was to be paid to native itinerant preachers, who, in it; that they still loved and followed 1918 pitched camp in 31 different the Saviour. The Indian Witness. centers, visited 194 villages, and in addition made four long tours aver- SIAM AND THE LAOS aging ninety miles each. A Siamese Missiona.t'Y Society These twelve- men, in addition to their primary education, have been THE first foreign missionary sotrained four years in the Ramapatam ciety in South Siam was or- Bible School. In preaching, they use ganized at Petchaburi last July with illustrations very close to common ten women present. As they have life, as the following will show: studied about their sisters in Africa, India, Chosen and Japan they have "The house-fly differs wholly from begun to realize what women can do the honey bee. The one frequents in the way ,of teaching others. filthy places, the other loves the fragrance of rose and jasmine; the one A Woman's Training School was takes for its food decayed life, the held in June and continued through other the sap from life's bloom; the July, at which a course was given on the Gospel of John. The women one eats and dies, the other lays up in attendance were especially interstore for others. Those whose na- ested in memorizing Gospel songs. tures are unchanged are like the fly; those that are reborn become in na- The White Elephant.

ture like the honey bee. Salutary Discipline Record of Christian Work. THE official court circular, issued from the palace of the King of INAn Incident of South India Siam, is worthy of emulation by a village of South India the edu- other governments. This circular is . cated high caste women became in- published daily in the English newsterested in Christ, and fearing that papers of Bangkok, and not infretheir husbands might not consent to quently the frank announcement aptheir being baptized, fifty of them pears that a titled official had been decided to be baptized and tell their dismissed fO'r laziness, or that a husbands afterwards. On hearing of royal page was discharged for faulty this, the men met together to decide morals. what they should do. After consultation, in which they stated that they The Gospel by Way of Med1icine W found their wives just as they were ITH eighty per cent of the Malaysian population suffering before, except more loving, kind and gentle, they decided to say nothing from some form of disease, the short-

est route by which to lead them to Assyrians and Chaldeans back to Christianity is by way of the hospital. their own homes. The Peace Con- Ten new hospitals are accordingly ference refused to take this matter provided in the Centenary program up, as all internal affairs were to be fOT this island world, one to be at decided by the individual countries. Singapore, the strategic point where Through the influence of a mission- East meets West, and the other nine ary, the sister of the present religious distributed about the islands which head of the Assyrian people has gone make up Malaysia. to London to try to get help. The . . Wherever the hospitals are lo- Assyrians are looking to England. cated on Dutch territory, the Dutch A British consul has been appointed Government is paying three-fourths to Urumia for the first time. Thouof the cost of building operations, sands of refugees have not yet been prov.iding for equipment, upkeep and able to return to their homes, those the salaTies of one American doctor having done so finding them empty and a nurse. In addition, the native or destroyed. Although $50,000 a tonverts are themselves raising large month is being sent for relief work sums. among these people, many thousands more are needed to take care of the Christian Advocate. Christians who cannot be sent back to their own countries. Village for Lepers The Presbyterian. THE village for lepers at Chieng Mai, Siam, is named for Mary A Missionary in Bonds L. Stoner, a Pennsylvania woman, whose gift made possible the erec- MR. ARCHIBALD FORDER, a tion of ten cottages as a nucleus for missionary to the Arabs in Palthe institution. Soon after this be- estine for many years, and author of ginning had been made a man in "With Arabs in Tent and Town," Chieng Mai provided the money for suffered long captivity under the three more cottages. Then a well- Turks, but has finally been able to known physician in Bangkok gave reach England. Soon after Turkey's another, and a Siamese Christian fol- declaration of war, Mr. Forder, who lowed in the list with a gift of was living in Jerusalem, was imenough money for another cottage. prisoned in a stable, and confined There are fifteen in all. Interest in four months without trial, or even the endeavor has spread widely, and any intimation of the charge against the viceroy has already told Dr. Mc- him. He was then transferred to Kean that he too wishes to erect a Damascus, to be court-martialed. building, and that he will also ask His trial, conducted in Arabic, lasted two friends of his each to put up a two and a half hours, and each time cottage. All the leper people occupy- he answered a question he was ing the houses, about 215, are Chris- bluntly called a liar. At the close of _ tians. the trial he was offered his freedom upon payment of £200. Being un- MOSLEM LANDS able to do this, he was dispatched to the criminal prison and a few days Persia StU! Chaotic later informed that he was to die. For seven months he was in daily WITH the exception of a small expectation of this fate, and no com- area on the eastern front, Per- munication with -the outside world sia is still in chaos. Massacres have was allowed him. At length the begun anew since the armistice was death sentence was revoked and three signed, and there is not a single years in a dungeon substituted, and Christian in Urumia at present. Be- for the next nine months he lived tween six and eight hundred went underground, with 150 others. Mr. from Urumia to Tabriz. So far, no plans have been made to bring the

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Forder's next change was to a cell present eight converts from Islam at with thirty others, where he barely work.

existed until he was able to smuggle Zionist Plans Delayed a note to Jemal Pasha, asking for justice, and in due course a discharge ON THE second anniversary of was obtained. But although he was the day on which the British at liberty, the Turkish police so har- Government declared in favor of the assed him by night and day that he establishment of Palestine as a nafinally begged the officials to take tional home for the Jews, the Zionists him again into prison. At last Da- issued a manifesto stating that the- time has not yet come when they calli mascus· fell into the hands of the begin their work, because of the strain. British, and Mr. Forder's sufferings which the sufferings of war has put ended. His wife had meantime died upon the patience and endurance of from cholera, and little of his heme the Jewish race. Their claims have was left. For some· weeks he as– meanwhile been confirmed by other sisted in relief work and after his governments, and the Zionists hope restoration to health he plans to re- that it will be a matter of <lnly a few turn to Palestine. months before concrete promises can Medical Missions in Egypt be realized.

DR. F. O. LASBREY of the C. M. Scottish Memorial in Jernsaleln S. Medical Mission in Cairo read a paper at the Medical Mission- I N GRATEFUL remembrance of ary Conference held in Cairo some Scotland's sons who gave their months ago, in which he explained lives for the liberation of the Holy the paramount importance of medical Land from the Turk, a memorial in work in Mohammedan lands, par- Jer-usalem is planned. It will be ticularly Egypt, as compared with erected jointly by the Church of other foreign fields. Other regions, Scotland and the United Free Church such as western China, are more in of Scotland and will take the fornl need of medical aid, for the Egyptian of an Institute for Biblical Research government maintains a dispensary and a Presbyterian Church. It will ·in every market town, with one or be called The Scots' Kirk and Col– lege in Jerusalem. more well appointed hospitals in every province. While there exists AFRICA in many parts of Africa a de- Work for Tunisian Jewry I sire for social uplift and an open- N a recent number of the Journal des Missions Evangeliques, pubminded spirit of inquiry; and in China an excessive curiosity to hear lished in Paris, is an account of the the foreign teachers' doctrine, in Society's work for Jews in Tunis.

Egypt the reverse is true. To the This work comprises a Book Depot, Mohammedan, it is unthinkable that a Boys' School and a Girls' School.

anything could be lacking in the re- David Amar, a Hebrew Christian, is ligion of their prophet, or his moral in charge of the Book Depot. Lo- code. Medical help, therefore, opens cated in a busy section of the Jewish doors for evangelistic work which quarter, the book shop arrests at- would otherwise remain closed, and tention with its window display of it is the in-patient and itinerant de- Hebrew and French Bibles. Many partments to which the workers pin Jews frequent the place to ask ques- their faith. – Two or three weeks of tions or start an argument. Mr.

daily contact bring results, and the Omar also journeys to the interior ex-patient are particularly accessible towns, often encountering sharp op- when the itinerating doctor follows position, but not infrequently he is them up. aided in the Scripture distribution Old Cairo Medical Mission has at by the rabbis themselves.

The Boys' School has an attend- the trouble to come from America ance of about one hundred; while the to put it out in Kamerun.

Girls' school numbers one hundred When he commenced to use his in- and twenty. The subjects taught are struments, they wanted to know if he the same as in government schools, was looking at God's town on the but in addition, emphasis is laid upon sun. What did God's town look Bible study. One hundred selected like, what did God look like, whom texts, which have the "three R's" did he see, what good did it do to (Ruin, Repentance, Redemption) for look anyway, could he see the road their theme, are a part of the re- to heaven, was it hot in heaven be- quirements. Meetings for women cause it was hot on the sun?

and a free dispensary are held in connection with the Girls' School. Africans' Need of Organized IndustrT S 'rhus in a variety of ways, the GospelO IMPORTANT in character building does the American Presis 'penetrating the homes of Tunisian Jewry. byterian Mission at Luebo, Belgian Frencb Protestant Mission to Basutos Congo, regard steady and regular work, that a man is refused church "DRING the recent visit to Eng- membership if he does not cultivate land of a group of Basuto chiefs, a garden of his own, following the a meeting was held in London on be- Scripture rule: "If any man provide half of the Societe des Missions not for his own and especially for Evangeliques de Paris in Basutoland. those of his own house, he hath de- The resident Commissioner of Basu- nied the faith and is worse than an toland was present, and gave cordial infidel."

testimony to the influence of the mis- However, the requirements of sion from an administrative point of Christian natives are vastly greater view, and highly commended the edu- than those of the raw heathen, whose cational work. Rev. M. Mabille, one wants do not include houses, clothes, of the missionaries, reported that the books or postage stamps j and the native church has a present member- majority find it a problem to make ship of 40,000, and that the con- ends meet. Since agriculture alone tributions last year amounted to cannot be depended upon to support £7,000. Although the Mission is the rapidly growing population, it French, it has not taught the people seems reasonable that the natives that language, but all the work has should develop along manufacturing been conducted in English; and both lines, and missionary forces are hop- missionaries and natives are thor- ing that some industrial corp0Tation oughly loyal to the British regime. may be formed and operated as a Life o-f Faith. Christian business enterprise, safe- guarding the natives from exploita- Men of Science in Bululand tion by financial pirates.

ON MAY 29, 1919, at Metet, Kamerun District, West Africa, EUROPE there was witnessed a total eclipse of Temperance Edu('ation in England U the sun. It was in the afternoon. NDER the war-time restrictions of the liquor control board the All the boys ran to their houses, locked the doors and went to bed. number of convictions for drunken- Some were sure they would die if out ness fell from 183,828 in 1914 to of doors. An observer for the Car- 29,075 in 1918. As soon as the re- negie Institute came to take notes on strictions were modified the figures the sun's location, and the inclination leaped forward again, e. g., in Eng- of its rays. The natives called him land and Wales there were three "the man who put the sun out," and times as many convictions in Sep- were puzzled to know why he took tember, 1919, a.II in the same month

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of 1918; and in Scotland the in- in London in November and Decemcrease was fivefold. The national ber, under the chairmanship of Mr. drink bill has risen to £400,000,000. J. H. Oldham; one group meeting to The Wesleyan Methodist Church is putting on fresh energy for the task confer on China, another on Africa of preparing Wesleyans to do a large aild a third on India. Attendance share in the work of reform. It is was limited to missionaries on fursending out an appeal "( 1) To teach lough from the respective countries, the principles of total abstinence to and the discussions centered around the children; (2) To work for a the effect of constitutional changes 'total abstinence' Church: enroll upon missionary work, together with every Methodist in the Abstainers' the relation of the Church at home League, and, (3) To help in a great and missions. campaign for a sober Britain." The appeal is being printed as a full page Irish Evangelization Society display advertisement in the Methodist papers. AN OLD and honored society, the Irish Evangelization Society, Christian Advocate. which has worked successfully in Ireland for many years, is about to Christian Power House in Paris take on new life. After prayerful consideration, it has been mutually STRONG support is being given agreed to start a Northern branch of the plan to put the American the Society j while the Dublin com- Church iIi Paris in a position to min- mittee has carried on a part of the ister more effectively to the perma- work of other days in the center and nent and transient population of South of Ireland, the Northern com- Paris in the critical years just ahead. mittee is to concentrate on Ulster. Not only have Americans pledged generous support: French Protestants The Society has taken offices at 61 are so keenly interested in the project Royal Avenue, Belfast. that many are giving out of limited resources. An expenditure of $1,- George Muller Orphanage 000,000 is contemplated for a new church edifice, parish building and THE eightieth report of the George pastor's home, to be strategically lo- Muller Orphan Homes is a tricated only a block from the Champs umphant record. The total receipts Elysees. The plans include also the for the past year are larger than ever erection' of a great social service before. After all needs have been building, costing perhaps $500,000, met, a balance of £6,000 remains. in the Latin Quarter close to the residences of thousands of American There are day-schools, eight enstudents, of whom 4,000 are already tirely supported or assisted by the enrolled at the forbonne, with the Orphanage, in this country as well as probability that several thousand in Italy, Spain and British Guiana; more will soon resort to Paris for thirteen Sunday-schools have been architectural and musical studies. helped; Bibles, Testaments, and This building is to contain living Scripture portions have been sold or quarters which may be occupied by given away, and tracts and books in young women just arriving from various languages have been freely America until they can establish distributed. themselves permanently. During the past year 1,467 little Conferences of lIfissionaries ones have been cared for, educated, and brought under the influence of A SERIES of interesting and help- Gospel teaching. Seventy-one boys ful missionary conferences were and sevel ty-ei~ht girls have been adheld at the Church Missionary House mitted during the year, at ages vary- ing from seven months old and up- wards j and sixty-nine have left, fitted to earn their own living.

An Appeal· for Prayer its educational department and the students of the Commercial School.

THE National Committee of the Its Sunday afternoon meetings are Italian Student Federation issues well attended, where messages of an appeal for sympathy and prayers. vital educational, moral and religious The General Secretary is now trav- worth are presented. It has a Life eling through Italy, with a view to Study Club _of 28 young men, who reestablishing work disturbed by the study from week to week economic war. Intercession is asked especially and sociological problems from the for the instituting of student homes Christian standpoint, and an Inner in Italy; for the success of the bu- Circle group of about 20 men who reau for foreign students in Naples are gradually coming to exert a pow- and Florence, established with a view erft>l influence on the whole spirit of to facilitating for these foreign the Association movement in Mexico students life in a foreign country and City. Membership in this Inner Cir- offering them help, sympathy and cle group in"olves the making of the familiar surroundings; for a greater following public declaration: interest on the part of students in "I accept Jesus Christ as my Lord social activities; for the raising up of and Saviour, according to the Holy a special literature of the movement, Scriptures, and desire to be His almost entirely lacking in Italy; and disciple in my doctrine and in my life for women students, that they may and to unite my efforts with the become associated with the movement other members of the Triangle Club in the right spirit of consecration. for the extension of His Kingdom among young men.

LATIN AMERICA "I hereby pledge that I will abstain· Seminary Opens in Porto Rico from the use of intoxicating liquors THE Evangelical Seminary of of any kind as a beverage. Porto Rico, representing seven "I pledge myself to respect at all denominations, opened its doors at times the innocence and .purity of Rio Piedras last fall, with twentY7 womanhood and to abstain from all four students in attendance. The habits and associations which in any course offered by the new institution way violate these virtues.

includes the essentials of a regular "In order to hold true to the ideals seminary course, with provisions for of the Young Men's Christian Asso- those who can take only a partial ciation I shall seek to understand the course. Friendly relations have been teachings of Christ bv reading and established with the nearby Univer- studying the Bible and by communi- sitv of Porto Rico, and arrangements cating with Him in prayer.

made by which students can secure "Recognizing the fact that Christ the B. A. degree from the university came to minister and not to be min- and the diploma from the Seminary istered unto, I will endeavor to serve in six years. Dr. J. A. McAllister my fellows in His spirit whenever the opportunity presents itself." is head of the institution.

Mexico City AssoCiation Work Mexico Suffers From Volcanic Distur- NOT only has the Y. M. C. A. in Aba11iCC Mexico City assumed a place of SERIES of violent earthquakes leadership in physical education, but and volcanic eruptions began in it has come to be known as the one Mexico on January third and conout-standing organization that is do- tinued for more than a week. The ing constructive work for young men city of Jalapa, half way between along moral and religious lines. It Vera Cruz and Mexico City, reports has a membership at present of over fifty dead and more than 200 in- 1,700, including the young men in jured. At this place, the Presbyter-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ian Church and Mission House were vides that the corps "shall be adentirely destroyed by one of the ministered by a staff of three chapearthquakes. Rev. Charles Petran, lains fairly representing the religious treasurer of the Mission, reports that forces of the country." the contents of both buildings were being saivaged. No resident mis- The bill further provides that chapsionary is at present in J apala. San lains shall be appointed in the pro- Joaquin, a village of 3000 inhabitants portion of one to each 1,200 commisin the Jalapa district, was wiped out sioned officers and enlisted men, deby a fresh earthquake on January 13. fines their rank, pay and allowances from colonel down to first lieutenant, Several towns in the state of and restricts the commissioning of Puebla' were entirely destroyed, but chaplains to those under thirty-five the Methodist Board of Foreign years of age. Missions which has charge of that field has had word that none of their The South Awakening property in Puebla has been damaged. THE campaign which Julius Rosen- Institutional Work in Yucatan wald of the Sears-Roebuck Company, Chicago, is backing has PRESBYTERIAN work was be- already resulted in the erection of gun in Merida, Yucatan, in 1915, 609 new schoolhouses for Negroes in and has grown steadily in spite of the rural South. The Negroes themdisturbed political conditions. A selves raise a portion of the 'amount' definite work for men, students, busi- needed and Mr. Rosenwald donates ness and professional men, was soon the rest. The money is gathered in found to be imperative, but scant community meetings in which nearly funds made only a limited equipment every family of the neighborhood is possible. English classes, enrolling present. Pledges are made in cash, over 100 students helped support labor or material. the work; friends donated furniture and books, and a piano was loaned. Educational authorities of the A physical culture club for boys South manifest, a changed front in was added. One man after another the matter of Negro education, as has expressed his appreCiation of the evidenced in North C:lTolina, where help he has received, spiritually and the Department of Education promorally, and particularly of the poses to provide a good high school higher and more generous outlook in every county for Negro boys and on life he has been taught and the girls; South Carolina has approhigher ideals set before him. Prac- priated $74,000 for a -o!ared agricultically every one remarks: "Unless tural College and Louisiana the funds you have had to live without these for a new state normal school for things, you cannot comprehend what colored youth. These advances promthis place means to. us." Many of ise to have a bearing upon the misthe regular frequenters have formed sionary educational problems of the habit of attending church ser- Africa. ices. Disciples Unite In MIssIon Work NORTH AMERIOA THE rpost significant action taken New ChapJains' Oorps , at the General Convention of the Disciples of Christ, held in Cincin- THE war has brought out the im- nati, Ohio, October 13-20, was the portance of an Army and Navy org:rization of a: United Christian corps of chaplains, with the result Missionary Society which is to abthat a recent bill has been introduced sorb the Home, Foreign, Women's in the Senate and House to provide Benevolent, Church Extension and in the new regular army a permanent Ministerial Relief organizations ;-in corps of chaplains. This bill pro- fact all except the Board of Educa-

tion. It is believed that this unifica- an Ecuadorean girl recently received tion will preclude overlapping of ef- her Master's degree. Many are here fort, and bring more closely together as an indirect result of the war. the 9,000 churches of the denomina- Their fathers have been shut off tion. Dr. Frederick W. Burnham, from business dealings in Europe, president of the Home Missions So- and hence the daughters no longer go ciety, was chosen as head of the to that continent for study. United Society. Because of their ignorance of liv- Buddhism Grows in U. s. ing conditions and legitimate prices, many of these students have formed SINCE the Panama Exposition, false impressions of the United Buddhist aggression in America States; and it is to provide attractive' has been marked. The fact that Christian surroundings for them that there are seventy-four Buddhist the Y. W. C. A. has opened a Fortemples in the United States should eign Women's Students Club on 74th cause more .concern than the indus- Street, under the care of Miss K. B. trial competttton. California has George. twenty-four of these temples, with a membership of 10,240. Every large Council of Organic Union city on the Pacific Coast has its places of heathen worship. But the DELEGATES from Methodist converted Orientals are fervent Episcopal, Protestant Episcopal, Christians, and are not only a chal- Presbyterian, Congregational, Relenge to greater activity on the part formed, Disciples and other Evanof American Christians, but their re- gelical Churches are called to meet in turn to the Orient means a multipli- Witherspoon Hall, Philadelphia, Febcation of Christian influence there. ruary 3-6, to discuss organic union. A year ago, representatives of eight- Mohammedan Challenge in U. s. een denominations met in the same place to consider this question, and MOHAMMEDANS are to be the sentiment for union was so strong found in almost all the big in- that an ad interim committee was dustrial centers of the United States, appointed. This committee has held particularly in Detroit, Mich., Chi- several meetings and will submit a cago, 111., Milwaukee and in Racine, plan of federal union at the council Kenosha and other cities of Wiscon- called for February 3d. sin between Milwaukee and Chicago. No missionary effort of any kind is National Conncll of Women's Societies being made to give them the Gospel. They are in touch with only the THE first meeting of the Episcopal worst side of American life, and National Council of the Church some of them have expressed the Service League was held at the opinion that it was impossible to live Church Missions House, New York a religious life in their environment. City, on Friday, December 12. This Council was called into being by the Club for Foreign Students Woman's Auxiliary at their meeting in Detroit last October. It consists THERE are one hundred and of three members from each of the twenty foreign women students existing natiqnal women's societies of studying in New York City, who are the Church, elected by tehir respecin touch with the Young Women's tive organizations; and of nine mem- Christian Association. South Ameri- bers at large. The aim of the Councim and Mexican women students are cils was outlined as follows: constantly arriving. Eight French students are coming soon. Among "The purpose of the National the sixteen nationalities represented Council of the Church Service are Chileans and Argentinians, while League shall be to federate existing nativnal women's societies of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Church for mutual understanding and in order to bring rain, and practicing coordination of effort and further to give such publicity to work already all kinds of charms to drive the evil undertaken and to develop such new opportunities for work to be done spirits out of sick people. Since his that it will attract the attention and enlist the sympathy and receive the conversion he has memorized great response of every woman in the Church." numbers of texts, in fact, whole Conference for Colored Women chapters of the New Testament; and THE fourth annual conference for the pivotal texts and chapters of the Colored Women was held at Stillman Institute, Tuskaloosa, Ala., Old Testament, so that he underin September. Work for rural communities was a live topic under dis- stands God's plan of the ages as recussion; classes were conducted in practical nursing, sewing, home vealed in Scripture. As the old man making and Bible study. Seventyfour delegates from fifty-five cannot read h_ has learned most of churches were in attendance, representing seven denominations in eleven these passages at the quarterly constates,and the mutual exchange of experience was a matter for much ference for Bible study when he satisfaction. pesters everybody who can read, to ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC He read the lessons to him over and over Philippines Decide for Prohibition again. spends days soul-hunt- THE Council of State of the Phil- ing, usually after one at a time, with ippine Islands has memorialized the Congress of the United States to great success. permit the Filipino people to decide the question of prohibition for them- Record of Christian Work. selves. Acting Governor Yeater has announced that the question of pro- MISCELLANEOUS hibition will be considered in his message to the special session of the The Y. M. C. A. Abroad legislature; and it is reported that, in the event that the national prohibi- "AS THE agent of the Christian tion amendment is held not to apply to the Philippines, the Philippine Churches," says Dr. Sherwood Legislature will itself enact a prohibi- Eddy, Secretary of the Foreign Detion measure for the islands. partment of the International Y. M. C. A., "the Young Men's Christian National Advocate. Association is called upon to render a definite and unique service in the Filipino Pagan Becomes a Soul Winner present periods of world wide unrest.

N OLD Filipino who cannot read "In Japan it is reaching the leaders A was, before his conversion, known and affords a practical demonstration as the king of the dewatahan, or of united Christianity. In China it worshipers of an old system of has an unprecedented access to idolatry in vogue before the Spani- students, officials and commercial ards came to the Philippines. He classes. officiated. as a kind of priest, sacrificing pigs at night on the mountainside "In India its field includes some 60,000 English speaking students in the colleges, the million English- speaking leaders of the great cities, and nearly 300,000,000 scattered in rural India, which it is beginning to reach through its rural department and agricultural banks. Many among the one million returning Indian sol- diers are asking for the Association . in the villages of India.

"In the Near East it furnishes a common platform and rallying cen- ter for the graduates of the Christian colleges, both Christians and non- Christians. It can make a practical demonstration of Christianity which is absolutely essential for the win- ning of prejudiced Moslem leaders.

The Q4een of Roumania has ear- Missionary Society was suddenly connestly asked the Y. M. C. A. to open fronted with the need for a medical permanent work in her capital. The man in ~ashmir, and Dr. Neve ac- Metropolitan of Athens has asked the cepted the call, going to Srinagar in Association to enter Greece, not to 1881. He was joined by his brother, proselytize but to vitalize. In Russia and other countries where Catho- Dr. Ernest Neve, in 1886. As long lic and Oriental.Churches are found, ago as 1912, it was said that more the Y. M. C. A. has a unique oppor- people came to their hospital for help tunity to win for Christian leadership the masses of young men in than there were inhabitants of all the these great national Churches. valley of the Kashmir. It was not uncommon to find patients from more than a hundred villages in the hospital at one time.

Lutheran Council and German Missions Bishop Camphor of Liberia ARTICLE NO. 438 of the Peace BISHOP Alexander Priestly Cam- Treaty provides that "the proper- . phor, the only active Negro ties of former German Mission So- bishQp of the Methodist Episcopal. cieties shall be continued to be used Church, died December 10, in South for religious purposes, and therefore Orange, New Jersey. He was fiftyhanded over to Boards of Trustees four years old. Bishop Camphor of the same faith as the mission was born of slave parents in Loui5whose properties are involved," thus iana, was educated at New Orleans imposing upon the Lutheran Church University and at Gammon Theologioutside of Germany the duty of tak- cal Seminary, and held pastorates in ing over the support of the various Germantown, Pa., and Orange, N. German Lutheran Missions, wher- J. In 1897 he carried out his ever the former workers are not al- father's dying -request by going to lowed to continue. Africa, and until 1907 served as president of the College of West With this understanding of Article Africa in Monrovia, Liberia. He No. 438 of the Peace Treaty, the was for five years Vice-Consul Gen- National Lutheran Council has ex- eral of the United States to Liberia. pressed as its opinion that the Lutheran Church of America should in C. L. Ogilvie of China so far as possibk be ready and willing- to assume the support and con- REV. CHARLES L. OGILVIE, a trol of former German Lutheran missionary of the Presbyterian Missions in territory now under the Board in Peking since 1911, died of control of the Allied Governments. pneumonia early in January, soon Foreign missions conducted by the after his return to China from his Germans include Lutheran, Re- . furlough in America. formed and Catholic.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Hunter Corbett of China Dr. Neve of Kashmir REV. Hunter Corbett, D. D., a former Moderator of the Pres- DR. ARTHUR NEVE, medical byterian Church, and missionary to missionary to Kashmir of the China for fifty-seven years, died at Church Missionary Society, died on Chefoo during the second week of January at the age of 84. Of Dr. September 5, after a brief illness. Corbett's children, four are mission- aries in China, one a missionary in Dr. Neve was born at Brighton, India, while two others represent England, in 1858; Wl!S educated at the Standard Oil Company In China. Edinburgh University, and while a student decided upon missionary service in Africa. But the Church

Aspects of Chinese Life and The author of this

Thought. 12mo. 186 pp. Kwang l~ttle volume has been for twenty Hsueh Pu.blishing House, Shanghai, years a missionary of the Protes- 1919. tant Episcopal Church, and de- scribes life and mission work in the Those going as missionaries to a islands in a delightful way. His work would be improved with foreign land must not only learn chapter titles and an index. the language but must also learn to know the people before they can Light and Shade in Sarawak. By R. B. be effective missionaries. The Pe- Dawson. I'amphlet. Illustrated. 36 pp. 6d. net. S. P. G. London, 1919. king Language School, therefore, Few Americans know much of arranged for a series of lectures during the winter of 1917-18 and a the Dyaks of Borneo. They have number of well known and well been chiefly famous as "head-huntinformed speakers lectured on Chi- ers," but today many in Sarawak are Christians. This little pamphna, the Chinese Religions, Educa- let tells the story of the S. P. G. tion, Conservation, Tibet, the' Ro- mission work which was founded man Catholic Church in China and seventy years ago. The story is other topics. Among the lecturers a conclusive argument for foreign were Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, Dr. missions. Arthur H. Smith, and C. L. Ogilvie. The. information is valuable to any student of things Chinese.

Light in Dark Isles. Compiled by MOWlg Tin. The Story of a Burmese Alexander Don. Pamphlet. 2s 6d. Boy. By Mary C. Purser. 12mo. Presbyterian Church in New Zealand, 112 pp. 2s net. S. P. G. London, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1918. 1919.

The story of Christian work in This story, founded on fact, the New Hebrides is full of won- shows the kind of education rederful evidences of divine power ceived by Burmese village boys, and of human courage. Dr. John at home and in the monastery. G. Paton made the islands famous, The story has atmosphere and the but many others also have con- descriptions of the Christian hertributed ~to their Christian pro- mit, the false prophet and the gress. Mr. Don, the secretary of white missionary are illustrative the New Zealand Society, has giv- of rthe religious forces at work in Burma. en us in this Jubilee Record a yaluable but somewhat scrappy Conscripts of Conscience. By Caroline history of the work, an interesting study of the people and their re- Atwater Mason. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 ligion, and fifty-two brief stories net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1919. to illustrate the ,twelve chapters. The story with a purpose has a -New Life in the Oldest Empire. By distinct place in literature and in Charles F. Sweet. 12mo. 185 pp. religious life. Too often the pur- $1.25. The Macmillan Company, pose is good but the literary quali- New York, 1919. ty is lacking. Mrs. Mason com- bines literary ability with inspira- Japanese believe that their land tional. idealism and her former and the goddess of the Sun were stories have won for her a place in both born from the same parents, literary and in mission circles. The the two self-generating crea'tive present narrative illustrates how deities. Therefore their Empire the spirit of heroic sacrifice develis considered the oldest in exist- oped in the late waF may be ence and the country and the Em- -turned into the channel of medical peror are inseparable. mlSSlOn service.

157

of Medical

Selected by Belle M. Brolin ETERNITY LONGER THAN TIME • In 1896 Dotor Ida Kahn and Doctory Mary Stone, two young Chinese girls were graduated from the University of Michigan and soon after began their work for their sisters in China, pointing them to the Great Physician who is able to make them every whit whole.

"I am glad you are going back as a doctor," said a lawyer in America to Doctor Ida shortly before they left. "Doctors are more needed than missionaries."

" No, sir," she replied, "I do not think so. Eternity is longer than time!'

Though zealous in their profession, these Chinese Christian doctors feel that the soul is even more important than the body, and the great purpose of their faithful ministTation to the sick and weary bodies of their sisters in China is to lead the sin-sick soul to the Great Physician.

THE CROSS IN THE SNOW· • In the report for 1912 of Doctor Martha Sheldon, who spent twenty heroic years at Bhot on the Tibetan border, we find the following: "Again medical work has opened the way for me to spend two weeks in Tibet. I was called to Lake Manasarowar to operate for cataract upon women living near the monastery, and performed the operations in the stone house built for pilgrims and traders outside. Just before reaching the Lakes we saw the symmetrical Kailas Pahor Mountain. The snows had so melted as to cut a huge, black cross upon its white surface. The effect was wonderful.

"It seemed as if the Christ had gone before us, as indeed He has. I am reminded.that fair, wooded Nepal and bleak, wind-swept Tibet lie almost wholly unevangelized. Right here in Rhot, which with Tibet is the tramping place and trading place of nations, there are indeed souls to conquer for Christ's Kingdom.

"As we walked slowly over the mountains up and down, I –,—– unit:t1;;~tdf ~~oMi~5~~~~'s ~~~ ~alJ~o~J, 1d~~. Taylor Headland. The Central Committee on the •• From "A Crusade of Compassion." Com~lied' by 'Belle T. Allen, M. D. Edited by Carolina Atwater Mason. The Central Committee of the Untted Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford. Mass.

158

STORIES OF MEDICAL MISSIONARIES

pondered whether I was living out of touch with the world in thus traveling so slowly in these days of lightning speed. I decided it all depended upon one's life work. Mine is to reach and to win the Bhotiyas, and those allied to them, to Christ. They travel with their great flocks of loaded sheep slowly. I, in traveling thus, come more in touch with them. So I content myself with a very humble work, in a very humble corner, in a very humble way."

WHY DOCTOR SHEPARD OAME· In 1882, when Doctor Fred Douglas Shepard and his wife who was also a physician, arrived at Aintab, Turkey, they found multitudes of sick persons awaiting their help, suffering from all manner of diseases.

At first the Mohammedans said Doctor Shepard had come to Turkey because he could earn more money there than in Ameriaa; that he must be very rich, too, since he owned a fine horse and lived in a large house.

A Mohammedan priest, however, argued that, had the doctor remained in America, he would have earned ten times the amount of his salary as a missionary. He explained the doctor's hard work in Turkey on the theory that he was seeking to save his own soul; that he had made a vow, or had committed some sin for which he sought to make atonement by leaving his native land.

A patient who had just been treated by the doctor then spoke up and told the priest that he and the others were mistaken; that an inmate of the hospital that had been there two months had explained it all in these words: "These Americans and their Armenian helpers have a strange way of talking about Hazret'i Eesa (Jesus of Nazareth). He seems to be their master and they act as if he cared for us."

The patient also said that while his wife was at the hospital, he went there every day and found out something for himself about Hazreti Eesa. He had been given a copy of a Gospel which explained Doctor Shepard's motive. In conclusion he gave his audien~ this advice: "If you want to know the real reason why Doctor Shepard and these other Americans come to Turkey, you must read that book."

In 1907, at a great gathering held in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the coming of Doctor and Mrs. Shepard to Aintab, the doctor himself told why he had come.

"If one who did not know me had listened to what has been said about me during the last two hours, he would think that Doctor Shepard must be some great man; but you and I know that it is not so. A farmer's son, I grew up an orphan. I finished school • Condensed and adapted from "Ministers of Mercy," by Jame. H. Franklin. Missionary :EducauOll Movement, 1919;

with great difficulty. I have not marked intellectual ability. Yet this great gathering on a busy week-day afternoon must have a reason. I know that this reason is not myself. It is one greater than I am-God and His love. For one who knows how God loves men and how Jesus has saved us, not to tell others about His love is impossible. Because I have understood a little about this love, I try to let others know about it. This is the purpose of my life. I did not come to this country to make money or to win a .reputation. I came to bear witness to this, that God is love. And if, by my work or life, I have been able to show this to you, I have had my reward, and for it I thank God."

Medical Missions in China-A Contrast ONE HUNDIU;D YEARS Aco TODAY Less than one hundred years Turn from that picture to see ago, China, with one-fourth of the improvement today. all the people in the, world, was 1. Medical missionaries and 1. Without a physician, for- trained nurses from America and eign or native, who had ever seen a medical co11ege, or had medical Europe, native physicians and training of any description. nurses; educated in America, 2. Without a surgical instru- Europe and China, healing the ment of any description other bodies of men and women, have than needles. gone to every section of China, and show forth the benevolent 3. 'Without an anaesthetic of any description. side of our Christian religion. 2. Surgical instruments and 4. 'Without one dispensary or hospital. apparatus are available. .3. Anaesthetics, serums and S. Without one trained nurse. modern medicine are available. 6. Without a medical school or 4. Modern hospitals and disclass of any grade. pensaries are in many sections. 7. Vithout any knowledge of S. Many Chinese have been scientific or research work. trained as physicians, surgeons 8. Vithout any knowledge of and nurses. quarantine, or how to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. 6. Medical teaching is conduct~ ed in well equipped colleges. 9. 'Without any true knowledge or anatomy, physiology, hygieut.., 7. Scientific and research work surgery or sanitation. is being done in every important 10. Without a Red Cross of center. any nationality. 8. Quarantine is being enforced to prevent the spread of con- tagious diseases.

9. Some of the latest modern text books are available for Chin- ese study.

10. A well organized national Red Cross has been established. A GREAT BOOK ON Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages THIS BOOK CONTAINS 41 SPLENDID PROPHETICAL CHARTS, EACH 9×20 INCHES, AND 22 CHAPTERS OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, AND IS SAID BY LEADING PROPHETICAL SCHOLARS TO BE THE GREATEST BOOK ON "DIS- PENSATIONAL TRUTH" TN THE WORLD."

TIle book is sane, not a "time-setter," contains no speculative matter, is based on the "Futurist School" of interpretation, is timely, will be of permanent value and a standard authority on Dispensational Truth, and is of incalculable value to all who are in any way interested in Prophetic Truth. Its charts are unique, simr:le, clear, uniform in size and style and present every phase of Dispensational Truth, without a knowledge of which no Bible stUdent can "Rightly Divide the Word of Truth."

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The Book of Revelation THIS BOOK IS THE RESULT OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF STUDY OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. THE BOOK IS INTERPRETED FROM THE FUTURIST STANDPOINT. THE WRITER'S PURPOSE IS TO SHOW THAT THE BOOK IS TO BE TAKEN LITERALLY, AND THAT IT IS WRITTEN IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. THE TExT OF .THE OLD VERSION IS USED, AND IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OF EACH SUBJECT. THE TEXT AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER IS EMPHASIZED BY THE USE OF CAPITALS AND BLACK TYPE.

The book is illustrated with over 30 charts, maps and diagrams. There are also numerous cuts of the symbols, beasts, etc., spoken of in the Book of Revelations distributed through the book. These help to elucidate the text and add to the value of the book and save much explanatory matter.

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The Second Coming of Christ THIS IS A "BOOKLET" OF 46 PAGES, SIZE 61 x9", AND IS ILLUSTRATED WITH EIGHT FINE CHARTS, 47!;"x8", AND IS BOUND IN AN ORNAMENTED BROWN PAPER COVER.

Price, Postpaid, Sinl1.1e Copy, 25 Cents. 5 Copies for $1.00 PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY THE AUTHOR CLARENCE LARKIN Pastor Bethany Baptist Church FOX CHASE, PHILA•• PA.

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On the platform were seated as many as attended the first Student Volunteer Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement. "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8000 Student Volunteers have £,one in the past 33 years "Here I Am Again!"

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the large, bold type. $100.00 Then by nJuet turning for Your Church the knob" u'e _~.t; Today's Housewife has helped -t..I….. ". ,.eo.6.~ 10,. ""''' churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- 9""~o.~e co",.eB~O~6.e~c•• nified manner. Far superior ~y Sunday SchooL sot.e.s, to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. "Many Typewriter. In One" Not a cent of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church WOUld you like to know whll tho Aid Department, Multiplex Hammond is so popular with ALL clasBes of people? We ca.n tell you Today's Housewife, in four words: I 100 Main st. Cooperstown, New York Becau8e of its versatilityI YOU CAN STAY AT HOME The Multiplex Hammond does everytWng any other typewriter will and do, and be.ide., If you "Just turn tho knob" you can cha.nge from one style PREACH THE GOSPEL TO of type. or trom ono language, to an- MOHAMMEDANS other. Noto the a.bove speelmen (slightly reduced) all written on the through SAME machine.

The American Christian Literature lNo Other Typewriter Can Do This Society for Moslems No matter who (Incorporated In 1915 you are, what you are. or where you This Society is Interdenominational. are,theMultiplex Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on Hammond is the the Fields. m~u~acA~t The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical. the coupon for The Tracts are Printed Attractively. free folder. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. They can be read in secret and repeatedly. Also a PORTABLE Model Many Moslems have been converted Full capacity. Weight about 11 pounds. through tracts. Ask lor special folder. Ma.iled free. Will you help give Moslems theCo.pel? Inquire about specl.1 terrns Write for information IS to memberl!blp, need8, sam.. to profe.slonals pte 1raOtI. mee1.1D1'B of &USlJlarlet. ee.• ., ____________ .Free Folder____________ _ MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seeretarr THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. Box 888, New York City 577 Eas. 69th St., New York City. Ploase send free Folder to: Name._______________________ Adclrees,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ~upa~on__________________ MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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FOR THESE REASONS WE URGE YOU TO INVESTIGATE OUR LIFEANNUI~rY BONDS George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions'of For the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, Information or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Address ) Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

THERE ARE OVER 200,000,000 MOSLEMS One-eighth of the World's Population.

The Moslel11 World is Disintegrating – The Christian World is Expanding Do You Know the Fa'!ts? You can Read Them in "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

Edited by Rev. Samuel M. Zwerner, LL. D., F. R. G. S.t Cairo, Egypt YOU NEED THIS MAGAZINE BECAUSE CONTENTS FOR JANUARY I. The crisis in Mohammedan lands today I Corinthians, Chapter Thirtten. presents unique problems and opportunities. ~n~:!a~ ~1:Ct~'fed and In th~U~ ~·.p~evi~g~ 2. THE MOSLEM WORLD is the only magazine that deals with the problems from and the Rosary. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D. a Christian standpoint. Moslem Literature in Swahili. A. Werner The Mohammedans in the United States. 3. THE MOSLEM WORLD provides the forum needed for research and for united In Constantinople During the War. M. M. Aljlan action. Elizabetb Dodge Huntlngton 40 This quarterly supplies a Christian review of The Need for Arabic Christian Liter.tore. current events,literature and thought among Arthur T. Upson Moslems. The Growth 01 the Mohammed Legend. Josef Horovitz The Abmadiya Movement. W. R W. Gardner The Raymond Lull Home in Tangier, Morocco.

H. E.. Jonea Village Evangelization in Oman. G. D. VanPeursem Unoccupied Central Asia (The Law of the Strong.) . Reprint from "The Times" ¥h,:;", M~~!','.!:,~a%ty·M.?~':!.ant~d~""h~llgD.t~e Eightlenth Century. Bishop J. Ta.ylor Hamilton Book Reviews Current Topics PE INFO~ED AS TO THESE FACTS.-SEND TODAY FOR THE LATEST NUMBER.

THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York $1,25 a Year 35c a Copy PI……e ·mentlon TH:a MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THill WORLD In wrltlnr to advertise" Let Them Starve and Die!-IF -you care nothing for the teachings of the Christ who was born only a few miles from the land where these 250,000 orphans are facing death from starvation-Armenia.

-you think you can enjoy for yourself the few dollars that may be the price of a baby's life.

-you can speak of tl1e greatness of America and still allow your country to abandon these children whose fathers kept back the Turkish army and saved the Allied cause in the East.

-you can sleep in comfort in your warm bed whlle thousands of children wrap thin tattered rags about their shrivelled bodies when they seek a little rest in the roadside caves.

But You DO Care- You WILL NOT Let Them Starve The offering for the aid of these 250,000 homeless victims of Moham- medan persecution Will be taken in the Schools of your church as early in the new year as possible. See that your church is not silent when America re- sponds to the appeal of the children of Bible Lands.

NEAR EAST RELIEF (Formerly the American Committee:for Armenian and Syrian Relief) CLEVELAND H. DODGE, Treasurer 1 Madison Avenue New York City This advertisement is privately paid for by a friend of the Armenian people. Please mention TBII MI8&lo"…." Rllvl:JIW O. '1'BI WORLD ill writing to adTertl.era

– – ~ • •~ ~ • • ~~ .'" .. .. •4::-1

~ Is the Near East at Ute Zero Bour?

Mustapha Kemal Bey sets up a government in opposition to the Sultan's at Constantinople! Halideh Hanum, beautiful and remarkable woman leader of Turkey, calls on the people to burn Constantinople before it shall become the creature of Europe's old-time diplomacy! Enver Pasha, friend and chief agent of the Germans, suddenly reported out of hiding, as King of the Wild Kurds! The native nationalist parties of Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, threatening unionand appeal to religious fanaticism I And Bolshevism beckoningalluringly!

Asia The American MAG A Z I NEon the Orient sec~~;tfn~~f~:s~ri~t~fheN~r ~v:t:nf=~~Yvi~t:~~faE~r~~~~pfl~ on one hand and of the unspeakable corruption of the Turkish ruling class on the other. The old lands of the origin of man are in the melting pot–a boiling cauldron of suspicion and race jealousy. America can give them the necessary lift. You cah decide. From no other source could you get so well rounded-and absorbingly entertaining-a picture of Con tents of theH:rtt!~IA~:!~ t;i°b~~:SS:rl~:~tth:~~~i~:~~~JS!U:rk. Ings of Turks he has known. Philip Marshall Brown, memo ber of the Peace Commission, tells of the Sultan. Talcott ASIA lor JANUARY, 1920 WnIiams, born in Turkey, one of America's leading journal. ists, and Paul Monroe. educationalist, who knows bow America. acted in the PhilipPines, tells of our fitness as a Men and Thing, .. the Turk See. Them mandate power. This special Near Eastern section is a magazine In itself. H.,~erl A'."" Ciu,,", Itisonfya part of ASIA for January which has in its other The UtO Hour in the Near Eut • • JdC~1On Flcm{nt s*gel a story h,Y an American. engineer of little-known Af· ghinistan now 1D the world's c:-aldum Iigbt at war with Great America The Sultan Looks Weatward – PAilip MOT"'." BT""'" :~'~w1~~wtb~~lJ,!b!~~~=t~[l~~l~!:e:An~~~ A MaMate-Does Qualify~ stimulate the Imaa1nation.

Five a The American [dea–Can [t Work~ T.k«t Willi_ Months for DoOar What We Showed in the Philippines PQu/ Monrae A Fir1e MontM' Tour 01 the Orient the Halideh Hanum" Turkey's Femini!l Leader G~rlrude Emer50n co!:o~ a~::c:;O:in:;h:v: fi~Sue"!t:::do~~ [s the Caliphate in the Melting Pot~ Frederick J. BUll SEND THE COUPON WITH ONE DOLIAll Turks-and Turks .. — TAeron J. Dcunon be~~A~M1t~u:!i~e~~~:::~~Sb~:~:7ul of M.n.

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Mongoli&-The Tes:u of Asia …. .. LulIm AnJetMm Send this coupon Send me the next five BenCllth the Crags of Kuhmiri .. V. C. Seotl O'Connor promptly. as the sub- issues of ASIA. I enclose scription price 'wtU $1.00 (Canadian, $I••S; For- Weaving the Orient into American Indushiea eign, $I.40) soon be advanced M. D. C. Crawl",' and then this offer will be withdrawn.

Asia Publishing Co.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1919

VIII

New Missionary Books You Need On the TheD1.es of Mission Study for 1919-20: Christian Americanization: Christianity and Human Conservation THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS OF THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NEW LIFE CURRENTS IN CHINA …………………………….. Mary Ninde Gamewd! New Ute current.s are vital'zing and regenerating Old China. A "moving picture" of the wonderful work being done by Christian Missions. Physically and spiritually they are helping to develop a m;ghty n~ tioD. 1Uns1 rated. Price, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 centsj pcstpald.

FOREIGN MAGIC …………………………………………….. . Jean Carter Cochran ~:;e~Ft~i~' ~d~~Yr~! ~, r~~:rts.an£~!:l~~~n:uij~ltif;uCh~er:ilh ~ ~~~tlet~~~~ Illustrated. P£ice. $1.50, postpaid, CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION ………………………………. Dr. Charles A. Brook., Here is a valuable book ror those who are striving to accomplish the Hafter-the-war" tusks. It outlines the part the church must take in solving new problem~. Illust.rated. Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

MINISTERS OF MERCy……………. . …………………. . Dr. Jam.. II. Franklin The storie~ or ten famou!'!' medical missiona,ries are told in the ten chapt,ors of this book. Wonderful glimpses oi Christian missions in the fj~ar East. Illustrated.

Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid.

THE HONORABLE CRIMSON TREE ………………………………… .Anita B. Fnri, The boys and girls of China, :with their childIsh hopes an? trials and amhitions, are singularly I1ke the hoys and girls here at home. Eight brIght and wholesome .tories.

Illustrated. Price, cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

ORDER FROM YOUR DENOMINATIONAL MISSION BOARD OR FROM THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT, 160 Fifth Ave., New York Let One Magazine Do YOU CAN STAY AT HOME the Work of Many and We have many requests from libraries for PREACH THE GOSPEL TO issues of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW MOHAMMEDANS OF THE WORLD that are entirely out of stock. They need them to complete their through files to use for reference. We have to refuse these requests but you may be able to help The American Christian Literature meet this demand. In case you do not keep Society for Moslems a file of the REVIEW, do not discard your copies. Send them to us and they can still (Incorporated in 1915) send their message through the libraries. We will gladly pay you the amount we This Society is Interdenominational receive for copies of the following issues: Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on the Fields The Literature is Adapted to Moslems The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively They go where no Missionaries are allowed They can be read in secret and repeatedly February, 1917 October, 1918 Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. October, 1917 November, 1918 Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? February, 1918 December, 1918 tn~~:~t':n!~~i~~~o~f:~liari~~ e::t~ship, needs, sample July, 1918 January, 1919 August, 1918 March, 1919 MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Seuelory April, 1919 Box 888, New York City Address correspondence and return copies to OTHER OFlI'JCERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. &mueJ M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pre8id~nt Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vice President The Business Department Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President The Missionary Review Publishing Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Borden COD1.pany, Inc. Mrs. Wm. B. Hiil Dr. Frank Ma<;()n North Miss Anna L. Dawes 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mes. Finley J. Shepard Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GIFTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention TIlE: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers ~FAC,,,T_S., ""W"" O~"R-T"H""Q""U,O,,T,IN,-G,~ Only twclIty thousand of the 1~().UO() Chinese lahorers sent to France to help win the war have as yet returned to their homes. The remaining 120,000 are kept in Eur()re to assist in rehuilding devastated areas. Sixty-nine Chri"itlan workers re- cently met to consider how hest to COIl"erve the results of l11issiona:y effort among these Chinese. (See page 562.) One of the hopeful s'gns of Christian awakening in Spain is that last year the sales of Bibles increased over thirty per CC111. Protestant churches there have united in a Spanish Evangelical Alliance and are enlphasizing Christian educatiotl. Spain may h~' ob1iged to liberalize hel' constitution and to give tTIore_ complete religiol1" liberty in order to qualify for membership in the League of Nations. (See page 563.) Canada is p:-oilloting all Interchurch Forward lviovcment for missions. The aim of the campaign is distinctly spiritual, and the plans include a National Executive C01TlIuittee, COllll11ittees for each province and a national Conference to discuss the whole task. (See page 565.) Chinese Christians are forming home luissionary societies, and one of these in Nanking has sent out an appeal to the native churches, urging the obligation of carrying the Gospel to distant pans of China. (See page 565.) A building is to be erected in Shanghai to house the China Continuation Com- mittee. and to be a headquarters fur the varions union mission agencies there. One hundred and fifty missionaries have cooperated in preparing a "Survey of China." which the committee expect to publish in 1920. The Christian forces are seeking to formulate plans to promote statesmanship. (See page 566.) The British and Foreign Bihle Society distributed hetween nine and teu million Testa- lnents in seventy-six languages among cOlnbatants and labor battalions during the war. The American Bible Society and other organtzations distributed several mil- lions more copies. Vith demobilization. these volumes are being carried to the ends of the earth. Six hundred and fifty versions of the Bible have been printed, representing the spoken languages of seven-tenths of the human race. (See page 571.) Within fifty years the work of the Salvation Army has been established in no less than sixtY-lhree separate countries and colonies, fratn the Arctic Circle to the iar South, in the Orient and in Africa. among Zulus and Kaffirs. Its outposts nnmber 9859, and there are 1231 rescue and industrial institutions. (See page 581.) Rahai missionaries have been in America for more than twenty years, and a few thomand have become enmeshed in Bahai sentimentalities. They have established congregations. promoting what they call "The National Association of the Uni- versal Religion." They even send workers to Pe-sia. the home of Bahaism, to strengthen the canse there. (See page 591.) Far-reaching reforms in the 1(oman Catholic Church of Bohemia are demanded by 17,000 priests of that country. Among these reforms are the use of the mother tongue in religions services, the permission for priests to marry, and change in the educational system for priests. (See page 622.) The Christian message has been giveu pnblicity in four of the daily papers of Tokyo, so that Christianity is becoming a leading topic of conversation on rail- roads, in public places and even in out of the way villages. (See page 627.) There are one bundred and fifty million women in India, nearly half of whom are high class Hindus or Mohammedans, and cannot be reached by any but women physicians. For this vast number there are only one hundred and sixty women physicians. about one-fourth 0 f whom are now on furlough. This shows the im- portance of establishlng medical schools for tbe training of Indian women physi- cians. (See page 617.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Are You Looking Japan Day by Day. Edward S. Morse. for 2 vols. Illus. London: Constable. Missionary Information? • 365 nPl. 1919. Rising Japan. Jabcz T. Sunderland, Secure Bound Volumes of The RevieuJ D. D. XI +220 pp. New York and Through a London: Pntnam. $1.25; 5s net. 1918. Special Clearance Sale Report of the Indian Industrial Com- mission, 1911)-18. 481+XII pp. 1.on- Each volume of The Missionary don: H. M. Stationery Office. 45 6d. Review contains 1000 pages of 1919. valuable material and never out- Through Eastern Windows: Life Stories of-date missionary information. of an Indian City. A. J. Marris. Volumes are profusely illustrated IIlus. 166 pp. London: R. T. S. 35. with photographs and maps. od. net. 1919. Any volume of The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day. M. A. Czap- THE MISSIONARY licka. 242 pp. London: Oxford Uni- versity Press; Oxford: Clarendon ~W~WORLD Press. ISs. net. 1919. The Countries and Tribes of the Persian is a veritable cyclopedia of mis- Gulf. S. B. Miles. 2 vols. London: Harrison. £1. lIs. 6d. net. 1919. sionary lrnowledge—always read- The Rage of Islam. Yonan H. Shah- baz. xi+175+vii pp. Philadelphia: able—inspiring-e-ver a valuable Roger 'Williams Press. $1.50. 1918. Report of the United Conference of Mis- reference book. . sionary Societies in British East" Africa. Kiknyu, July 23-26, 1918. We have a limited number of 22 pp. Nairobi: Stationers Ltd. 30c. bound volumes for the years 1918. 1892-93-95-96-97-98-1909-11 -12- The Pacific: Its P<.tst and Future. Guy 13-14-15, which we will dispose H. Scholefield. JIIus. Maps. 352 pp. of at $1.50 per volume post- London: Murray. ISs. net. 1919. paid. Each volume is hand- The Ships of Pe<.tce. Basil Mathews. somely bound in red cloth with Illus. 136 pp. London: Oxford Uni- gold lettering. It is possible for versity Press. 2s. 6d. 1919. you to complete your files of the History of Zionism, 1600-1918. Nahum Review at small cost. This is an Sokolow. Vol. 1. Illus. Ixiii+313 exceptional opportunity. Send pp. London: Longmans. 215. net. your order now before it is too 1919. late. Palestine, Mesopotamia and the Jews. Sir Andrew Wingate, K. C. I. E. xi+ Missionary Review Publishing 290 pp. London: Holness. 5s. net. Company, Inc. 1919. The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By 156 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK CITY Jules Lemaitre. 8vo. 289 pp. E. P. Du.tton & Company, New York. 1919. Scriptural Authority for Missions. ]. L. Hoffman. 9 pp. Baltimore: Lu- theran Church. $10. 1918. Winning the World. Ixxii+178 pp. Mil- waukee: Young Chnrchman Co. 60c. 1917. The Crisis in Church and College. By G. W. McPherson. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.25. G. W. McPherson, Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. Social Christianity in the New Era. By Chaplain Thomas Tiplady. 8vo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- pany, New York. 1919. The Fundamental Doctrines of the Christian Faith. By R. A. Torrey. 8vo. 328 pp. $1.40. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1918. Greatest Thoughts About Jesus Christ.

By J. Gilchrist Lawson. 8vo. 322 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Com- pany, New York. 1919. Student Witnesses for Christ. By S. Ralph Harlow. 8vo. 83 pp. 60e. Association Press-, New York. 1919.

Please nlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals JOHN ,WILl,IS BA:>:R, LL,J')" moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, has / been elected Vice-Chairman of the New Era Movement, to succeed the late J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D.

'" '" '" '" '" '" · . '" '" '" '" R:>:v. J. STUARt' HOr.D:>:N, D. D., of London, has been compelled on account of ill health to cancel his engagements to speak in America this summer. R:>:v. EDGAR WHITTAKER WORK, D. D., pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, New York City, has been chosen to succeed the late Dr. A. F. Schaufller as chaIrman of the Executive Committee of the New York Evangelistic Committee.

****** BISHOP FRANK W. W ARNI, who has been in America assisting m the Methodist Centenary Campaign, has sailed for India.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

DR. JOHN W. WOOD, Foreign Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, has returned from an extended visit to the Far East.

'" '" .. '" * * R:>:v. ADOI,PH K:>:r.r.JlR, pastor of a Reformed Church in Zurich, Switzerland, is visiting the United States as an official representahve of the Protestant churches of Switzerland for the purpose of promoting cordial relationship with American churches.

* .. .. * * * WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., of Swarthmore, Pa., lecturer and newspaper corres- · '" '" '" '" pondent, was under arrest in Egypt for a time because of his alleged activities in connection with the nationalist movement in that country.

'"

· '" '" '" '" REV. J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., has been selected hy the Baptist General Board of Promotion as its General Secretary.

'"

DR. AUR:>:n T AGI.IALA'J':>:I.A, an Italian preacher and one of seven scholars chosen by the British and Foreign Bible Society to make a new Italian translation of the New Testament and the Psalms, has come to America to conier with Christian leaders · . '" '" '" '" in regard to plans for strengthening Protestantism in Italy. SIR T. F. VICTOR BUXTON, vice-president and honorary treasurer of the Church Missionary Society, died recently in England, as the result of a motor accident. He was also President of the Aborigines' Protective Society and was an authority on aU subjects relating to the African native.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:v. JOHN G. WHEIlN, general secretary of Methodist Missions in New South Wales, has been elected as President of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society.

'" '" '" * '" '" t!, DR. EMM:>:TT J. SCOTT, secretary to Booker T. Washington for eighteen years, and more recently special assistant to the Secretary of War, has been elected Secretary and Treasurer of Howard University, Washington, D. C.

'" '" '" '" '" '"

R:>:V. WM. A. HILI. has recently been appointed Secretary of Missionary Education for the Northern Baptist Convention. Mr. Hill has been for two years secretary for New England Baptist Missionary Societies.

>I< >I< '" '" >I< ..

DR. G. W. STANL:>:V has been asked by the Secretary of State for India to assist in re-establishing missionary work at Bagdad, Mesopotamia.

DO YOU DIE?

According to scientists "death is Dramaticfailure to respond- to environment." Material A man finally expires when he breathes out without being able to tor breathe in. He is then no longer able to receive and appropriate, and Church Use so is cut off from usefulness. His body may be alive while his mind or A Pageant of The Church his spirit is dead. By Eleanor B. Forman and Mabel E. Some men and women expire long Stone before their time of usefulness should be over. They no longer take Sev(>n episodes in tht' historic growth of and so cannot give. Every month the Church. Showing the contribution some subscribers expire and die- of each epoch to our modem life. others by forethought renew their life with the life of their subscrip- Price 30 cents tions. Some live a year at a time. Others provide for long life. To World FelloUJship which class do you belong? Live and help others to live. Take and By Mathilde J. Vossler and Jeannette give. If your subscription life is Perkins running out renew it now. Sttength'

comes with the renewal.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS When you expect to change your The consecration of all the nations to address we believe it will be a help Christianity. Price 35 cents to you and also to us for you to know how our mailing list is pre- Beneath One Roof pared. It is sent to the addresser to By Consbnce C"';ate Wright have wrappers made on the tenth of Ch2.rity teaches thos.. she finds "beneath the month preceeding the issue to be one roof" to seek happiness through mailed in them. Any renewals or service. Price 25 cents changes of address reaching us after that date cannot be recorded until The Drama of Esther the following month. For example, In three acts of three scenes each. Re- the last revisions for our mailing list o_uires little preparation and is very ef- for this issue, September, were made fective. Price 25 cents before August 10th. Renewals and changes of address that were re- The Christmas Story ceived after that date could no longer By Jane T. Miller be made for the September mailing A Series of table'lux illust.,ted by read- but will be effective beginning Oc- ing' from Ben Hur. Price 20 cents tober. If you will keep this in mind and will notify us in advance you The Counsel will be spared the inconvenience of having to – wait for your magazine By Hazel MacKaye because it has gone to the wrong ad- A ceremom' of today in s~eech and song'

dress or has been lost, as the post- Love and Wisdom seek some Spirit which office seldom forwards magazines. shall bring mankind together. Tolerance Above all, when you change your is revealed as the Spirit which shall bring address please send us word your- enduring Peace. The ceremonial is prac- tical and simple. Price 35 cents.

self instead of depending on our re- ceiving the Post Office notice. That Send for complete List of Plays and Pageants published by always means at least one lost issue, The Womans Press delay and often disappointment. 600 Lexington Avenue •• New York City We pass this "inside information"

on to you because we know you are .., anxious as we are to have things run smoothly. – Please mention Tu. MISSIONARY Rtvn:w 0' "'HE WORLD in writing to advertisers

A three-year educational, financial and spiritual campaign has been launched by

Protestant Episcopal Church in America to consolidate its work in present fields. and to undertake new work in other fields. The underlying motive of the movement is a spiritual awakening of the Church as a whole. (See page 641.) The outlook for quieter conditions in India is encouraging. Mob violence has been strongly disapproved by intelligent Indians, and the Commission appointed to con- sider the franchise in India has reported favorably on "communal representation." This will divert the minds of the people from destructive methods and educate them in the principles of self-government. The recent disturbances have made clear that Christian education _has a restraining influence on disorder. (See page 641.) Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an end to the maltreatment of Koreans. Missionaries in Chosen have sent a delegation to Japan to appeal to the Government, and in America Lhe Federal Council of the Churches has made representations to the Japanese ambassador in Washington, and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. (See page 647.) A leading Japanese statesman testifie,s that missionaries have been pioneers in the field of education. Last year the Japanese Parliament voted 40,000,000 yen, and the Emperor gave out of his own purse 10,000,000 yen more for higher educa- tion. Yet this will not adequately meet the intellectnal demand of young Japan. (See page 657.) Of all the causes of anti-Japanese feeling in Chosen, both near and remote, Rev. T. Suzuki, a Japanese Christian, considers selfish imperialism most important. Materialistic patriotism permeates the entire educational policy of Japan, and produces a race unsuited to colonization. Thorough-going reformation in political ideals is called for, and to this end 110 work is so urgent as the evangelization of Japan. (See page 661.) Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire as well as in the rest of the world. Recently two auto loads of Japanese rushed through the streets of Seoul, shouting "Democracy Banzai." (See page 664.) Uke Jewish leaders of Christ's time, Japanese statesmen are trying to bottle llew wine in old 5kins. Tryiug to reconcile antiqnated institutions with modern thonght, democratic idealism with militarism, individualism wi th ancestor worship, and industrialism with feudalistic conceptions of society, have brought a train of problems for which only the Christian solution is adequate. (See page 673.) Forty-eight years ago Japan had only a mere handful of mills. Last year she operated over 25,000 modern mills, and her foreign trade totaled more than two and a half billion yen. This rapid development of economic resources has not been accompanied by a normal adjustment to new conditions, and constitutes a serious handicap in her bid for world power. (See page 676.) Careful estimates give the proportion of women and girls employed in Japanese industry as three-fifths of the total. Thirty-four thousand labor in coal mines, and three-fifths of these are under twenty years of age, while ten per cent are between twelve and fifteen. (See page 680.) A free clinic and dispensary is now being built at Ahualulco, Mexico, where re- ligious instruction will be given to all who apply for treatment, and which is to be named "Sala de Curaciones Stephens," in memory oj the first evangelical Chris- tian martyr in Mexico, Rev. John L. Stephens. (See page 687.) A Japanese peasant sect, Tenrikyo, is said to bave 3,500,000 adherents and 2,000 preaching centers. It is a variation of Shintoism, and in some respects analogous to Christian Science. (See page 70J.) Twenty-one prayer group,S in Korea meet on the last Thursday of every month to pray for Israel. Five hundred Japanese Christians have organized a Prayer Union for Jews, and a similar union in China recently held its eighteenth annual meeting. (See page 704.) A Christian newspaper published at Aintab, Turkey, has a subscription list of four hundred, and is said to be the mo,st important single agency in preventing dis- turbances. Funds for supporting it are supplied by British officers. (See page 797.)

A LIFE SIZED AFRICAN KRAAL AT COLUMBUS

Women at the mill, the drum call, industries and customs were exhibited A PILIPINO HOME AND FILIPINO CHRISTIANS SCENES AT THE METHODIST CENTENARY, COLUMBUS, OHIO LIFE AND WORK IN ALL LANDS WONDERFULLY PRESENTED

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL SEPTEMBER, 1919 NUlIBJlR XLII NINBjI BUDDHISM VS. CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN T HIRTY years ago, when Japan was making such wonderful progress, she unfortuuately took a misstep. Seeing that missionary work, although not in any sense a political organization, had an immense political influence, she feared that the spread of Christianity would lead to the democratization of her government, and possibly to the dominationof the East by America. To avert what she considered a calamity, Japan began to promote Buddhism. The temples which had fallen into decay were rebuilt. Christian methods of propaganda were imitated in the attempt to revive this old and dying religion. The influence of the leaders of Japan was turned against Christianity.

In her ambition to become the dominating force in Asia, Japan is pursuing much the same policy today, in spite of her professed religious liberty. One of her demands on China was to the effect that Japan should be allowed to propagate Buddhism. She has already established in Shanghai the Haloon College for promoting Japanese ideals and Buddhism. The natural sympathy of missionaries with freedom, progress and patriotism in Korea and China, intensifies Japanese suspicion and hostility to Christianity.

What is to be the outcome of this politico-religious crisis? "God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty." Who would have thought that the simple preaching of repentance and salvation would have thrown off as a by-product so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the Orient~ Japan herself was reorganized largely through American and Christian influence. China threw off the Manchu yokp and thp decadf'nt monarchy. KOTf'a is now 6U

calliug 011 God to deliver her from Japanese militarism. Missionaries do not preach politics, but God works through political events as well as through the Church.

If only the broad-minded and more intelligent Christian element in Japan can gain control of Japan's policy, things will be different. ThE' Ohurch can help forward the day of freedom and the acknowledgment of God's love, not by political intrigue hut by preaching the Gospel of peace, goodwill and righteousness.

Japan is today facing a crisis. Never before did the nation face such a critical period, according to the judgment of General Hibiki, a prominent Ohristian and member of the Presbyterian Ohurch who has recently returned from France. General Hibiki believes that the religious and spiritual welfare of his people hangs in the balance, with great opportunity for evangelical awakenings. He asks America to send her strongest Ohristian speakers to reach the intellectual classes of the Empire through lectures on Christian theology and practical experience, to cover periods of one or two months. He also is anxious to mobilize the strongest native leaders and send them about from center to center. The Allied nations have had their great financial drives to enable them to provide the sinews of war. Is it not fitting that the Churc,h unite in a great spiritual drive to mobilize the spiritual forces in .Japan and enable them to meet successfully the temptations that come with military victory and material prosperity~ .Japan's great need is for Christian character and this can only be had through the indwelling of Jesus Christ in the individual Japanese. The non-Christian leaders in Japan realize the need of strength of character and purity of ideals in education, business and politics, but most of them do not know the secret of such character. The nation's successes and the virtues of the people in- . crE'ase the difficulty of leading them to see the supreme importance of spiritual life in Christ. This is the opportunity of the Christian Ohurch.

THE SHANTUNG AWARD AND MISSIONS F ROM a purely missionary point of view it may matter little what nation has political control of a given territory or people. The work of establishing the Ohristian Ohurch was no doubt better carried forward in Apostolic days, under the militaristic and materialistic government of Rome, than it would have been under the more idealistic rule of GreE'ce or the more religious domination of the Hebrews. So, today, it is not primarily a missionary question whether British or French, American, Chinese or Japanese power shall be in temporal control of any corner of the globe. Anyone of these governments may establish order and promotf' eivilization. But it is of great importance

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

whether the political "powers that be" mete out impartial justice and guarantee freedom from oppression, and whether they arc controlled by high ideals that make possible enlightenment, peace and liberty of conscience and worship. These are essential for the progress of Christianity and for the welfare of humanity. Thl' Christian Church recognizes God as the one Supreme Ruler, and while Christians acknowledge that, "the powers that be are ordained of God," they hold that only these governments are right, or have a right to exist, that conform to the laws of God. Men owe allegiance to the State, but the requirements of the State must not conflict with man's duty to God.

While the Japanese occupation of Shantung is not in itself a matter of special concern to the missionaries, the administration of justice, freedom from oppression and vice, the enjoyment of full liberty under Japanese or any other rule, is a matter of deep concern to all interested in the progress of the Kingdom of God. Reports from Americans in Shantung state that there are many instances which seem to indicate that the Japanese are endeavoring to establish their authorHy there, not by enlightened mefuods of good government, education and mercy, but by arbitrary military force. The omnipresent spies are ruthlessly seeking to discover anti-Japanese propaganda, which the anthorities combat with a strong hand. Such things naturally create opposition, and, as onl' result, the school girls of Peking have issued a circular statingthat 200,000,000 women of China are interested in the fate of Shantung and will support the men in their fight for justice. There is also a well organized boycott of Japanese goods and money among Chinese in the province.

Unfortunately, also, the Japanese authorities seem to be manifesting in some ways their antagonism to Christian missions and their lack of sympathy with Christian ideals. A correspondent writes: "Our (mission) work is quite broken up; evangelists ar0 nfrnid to preach, Chinese teachers fear to teach; people have their Bibles seized; the populace is enraged and terrified." The authorities have recently expelled one of the Chinese Christian teachers in the Mission College at Tsinan for distributing patriotic pamphlets.

The Japanese people' have many excellent qualifications for conducting an enlightE'nE'd civil government, which might make any pE'ople welcome their cooperation in efforts to establish freedom find civilization. Three great faults are, however, manifest in their rule in Korea and in China. These cause unrest in thE' territory they control and awaken deep concern in the minds of all who seek to promote Christian civilization. First, Japanese dependence on military power and methods as the basis of peace iR coupled with hE'r large use of spies to diRcovef what she COll-

siders subversive movements. Second, Japan's suspicion and ignorance Qf Christianity leads her officrrs to count as treason the Christian teaching of the "Second Coming of Christ," lest His Kingdom should interfne with Japan's program. Third• . Japan's secret and selfish diplomacy destroys confide nee in her sincerity and nohility of purpose as expressed in the public utter- ances of some of her statesmen. These faults would be as objec- tionable in any other nation, but they are especially injurious to the government that has recently become a "first-class power" and is seeking to establish a reputation for justice and enlightenment.

As a missionary correspondent in China writes : ' 'But for God and prayer the lovers of China would be in despair."

RECENT DISTURBANCES IN INDIA R EPORTS are only just beginning to come from India to show the gravity of some of the disturbances there. Rights and demonstrations have been numerous, especially in Mohammedan seclions like the Punjab. Some lives have been lost and conditions are critical. The spirit of unrest is general and the desire for self-government prevails; but while the British are committed to some rdorm measures, and will grant these as fast as the people show ability to profit by them, the agitations will probably delay for some years the granting of political reforms in India. The action of the mob in attacking Europeans and in destroying Government property has been strongly disapproved by Indians, especially the educated classes. This does not mean that the people are satisfied, but they recognise that the Government is [strong and is determined to maintain law and order, and therefore they advise quiet. The method adopted by the new Amir of Afghanistan to secure his throne by invading India may also have had a quieting influence, for no Indian wishes his country to be invaded by Afghans. The present outlook is brighter, and if the Government will bring forward their proposals for the government of the country in a practical form as soon as possihle it will be a great pacifier. The publication of the Act to confer additional powers on the people of India would give the people something upon which to exercise their minds and educate them in the principles of self-government. They would thus be diverted from anarchist and destructive idealS to consider constructive and practical methods of government. There is great need for a campaign to educate the masses of India politically. During the recent agitation the way in which the Government was misrepresented shows that evil and designing men misled the masses. The educated must help to form a true public opinion.

The Commission appointed to consider the franchise in India has practically reported in fllvor of "communal representation,"

for as long as people think only in terms of their caste or sectarian community, they cannot take broad national views. Communal representation is not however the ideal desired. – The Anglo-Indian press traces the cause of the trouble to Bolshevik activity, and the Indian pres,s traces it to the Oriminal Investigation Department, and what is called the Rowlatt Act. Dr. E. D. Lucas, Principal for Forman Christian College, Lahore, writes that in his opinion the real roots of the trouble are the economic dist'ress; the unjust enforcement of the recruiting laws amongst the peasantry; the extremist politicians who desire almost immediate home-rule; the great mass of inexperienced students in the large cities; an uneasy feeling that India will not get her just reward for having helped the British Government in the great war; the unwise propaganda against the Rowlatt Act and the unsympathetic actions of certain EngliJsh officials.

One Scene of the disturbance last April was Lahore, where the Forman Christian College students were involved with the students of other colleges in the city. Black banners, inscribed with patriotic sentiments, were carried in procassions, and when these students clashed with the police a number were slain. Shops we're closed and martial law was proclaimed. Forman Christian College buildings were occupied by British troops, other colleges were put under martial law, and one medical college was closed fOT five months. Dr. Lucas was requested to conduct an educational campaign to explain to the student class the nature of the Rowlatt Act, about which there wa:s much misunderstanding. A meeting was called of all principals of colleges and head maste'rs of schools in Lahore, and a very successful campaign of education was conducted.

One thing was made clear in Lahore-that the Christian influence of a mission college ha:s a restraining influence on disorder, and prepares the young men of India for responsible self-government. The impressionable and excitable students must be steadied and taught self-control, and must learn the principles of righteous- ness and good government.

A "NATION WIDE" EPISCOPAL CAMPAIGN A THREE-YEAR, spiritual educational and financial campaign is the program of the Protestant Episcopal Church to strengthen and consolidate its work in its present fields and for new tasks in hitherto uncultivated fields.

A large sum, running into the tens of millions of dollars, is to be raised in the three-year period, the larger share of which will be spent at home, but with a considerable amount left to further the work in foreign mission fields. In America, the money is to be used to further the Church's work among the immigrants, to obtain and train reoruits to carry out the increased work, to build up and

strengthen the churches materially, and to find a real substitute for the saloon. The underlying motive of the whole movement is a spiritual awakening through exerting the full spiritual power of the Church upon the whole, world-wide task now confronting it.

The campaign will be conducted on a national scate, and with, it is hoped, the united backing of every diocese and missionary di:s- trict, so that the final result will be a re-awakening of spiritual life in every branch of the Church organization. More than seventy- five of the Bishops have already endorsed the movement, and it is believed that the others will do so.

The purposes of the national campaign have been officially presented as follows: 1. To bring the spiritual power of the Church to bear upon the Church's whole task.

2. To secure and train an increased and adequate number of people for ChTistian leadership-clerical and lay.

3. In consultation with the proper authorities, to care for the financial needs of all the Provinces, Diocelses and Missionary Dis- tricts of a missionary, religious, educational or social service nature.

4. To care, on a yearly bwsis for three years, for the financial needs of all the General Boards, including such general agencies as the mrl's Friendly Society, the Church Periodical Club, etc.

Every general agency of the Church will be included-the Board of Missions,· the General Board of Religious Education and the Joint Commissions on Social Service; the two auxiliaries of the Board of Missions, the Woman'iS Auxilia>ry and the American Church Institute for Negroes; also such organization'S as the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Girls' Friendly Society, etc.

A survey will be made of all the work of the Episcopal Church at home and abroad, covering all departments of the work, to ascertain what work is now under way, how it can be improved and what new undertakings should be entered upon; committees will be formed in each Diocese to cooperate with the Bishop and with the national organization; and a combined budget will be made up, based upon the survey, covering all the needs of the geneTal agencies. and, if the Bishop approve, of each Diocese. Hence the exact amount to be raised through the national campaign cannot be told until the surveys are all in. An every member canvass will take place in the fall and in the meantime a program of education and inspiration will be carried on throughout the whole Church.

The campaign :Us in charge of the Campaign Executive Committee consisting of Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, the Treasurer of the Board of Missions, Miss Grace Lindley, Rev. Dr. Robert W. Patton, National Directo'r, and Rev. R. Bland Mitchell, named as manager of the Central Office.

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TEAOHING MISSIONS TO MULTITUDES WHO would have conceived, a few years ago, of the possibility of inaugurating a mission study class of fifty or sixty thousand a day to cover a period of twenty-four days? Add to this the fact that the preparation for this class took many months, cost over one million dollars, and that the area covered by the demonstration was over one hundred acres. Add still further to the program that for this mission study, men and women were brought from all over the world, that government officials, statesmen and business men, professors, philanthropistf', bishops, missionaries, secretaries and pastors wore the teachers. Yet this gives only a slight conception of what has been actually done by one denomination-or twins-at the Methodist Oentenary celebration, which was held at Oolumbus, Ohio, from June 20th to July 13th, inclusive.

This celebration partook of the character of a Missionary World's Fair, a visit to most of the mission fields of the world (home and foreign), a gigantic mission study class and a demonstration of what Ol1ristian missions have done and are doing for mankind. Over 10,000 people were employed in connection with this missionary exhibition. They included one thousand boys, who acted as Oentenary Oadets, over four thousand demonstrators and lecturers for the exhibits, and a chorus, orchestra and performers in the pageant numbering over 2,000. The attendance was from 20,000 to 75,000 a day, and one who wished to study the whole exhibition and hear all the lectures would require at least fifteen days.

Several remarkable features of the celebration should be noted. First, it was wonderfully well organized under the direction of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Dr. Fred B. Fisher, Mr. H. B. Dickson and the various heads of departments. One whole huilding was devoted to the administrative offices.

Second, the magnitude of the undertaking was remarkable. There were thousands of men and women giving their whole time to the work. There were huge buildings-one seating over 8,000 peopJe-and a grandstand with larger capacity. The huge screen for open air stereopticon pictures measured over one hundred feet in diameter and human figures thrown on it were over twenty feet tall. Great buildings were devoted to exhibits from various countries and the painted scenery reproduced wit h remarkable 647

exactness the setting of mission work in other lands. The daiJy official program noted some two hundred or more events and the Ohio State Journal devoted four pages daily to an illustrated supplement under the editorship of Rev. Charles Stelzle.

Third, there WB:S a wonderful variety in the methods of instruction. The pageant gave an artistic and dramatic demonstration of the purpose and power of Christianity; the history and habits of the peoples of every nation and tongue were shown in curios, models, charts and pictures. Houses, temples, shops, restaurants and streets were reproduced in lifelike character and proportions. There were motion pictures, demonstrations, tableaux and lectures to explain the customs in various lands and the methods of missionary work. In the North Africa section there was a daily debate between a missionary and a Moslem to show the arguments for and against Christianity. There were contrasts-as in Chinashowing the native method of treating disease with iron needles and disgusting potions as compared to the methods of modern science. There were the mission chapels in each country, in which sample misHion services were conducted.

Fourth, each mission field was shown by unique methods and exhibits. China had its mission hospital and its large temples of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. India had its bathing ghats of Benares, its heathen temple, schools, homes of high and low caste, and its marriage scenes and mission work. Japan had its garden with bridge, waterfall and torii j its kindergarten, with real Japanese children, and its houses and shops. Malaysia had its Malay and Borneo houses, its mechanical model of a Filipino mountain village. Latin America was rich in churches, homes of the peon and the aristocrat, and Aztec scenes. Central Africa had its.kraal with stockade and a dozen huts, with women grinding corn, and men beating the drum, while North Africa showed the Moorish village, harem, bazaar, camel and other life touches. Europe showed the areas devastated by war and the plans for reconstruction. Norih America contained Eskimo huts, Indian tepees, homes of southern mountaineers, a miniature Ellis Island, a model community church and countless other attractions. But, aside from the lectures by missionaries, the most impressive feature of the exhibition to those who knew their significall(=" was the number of native Christians drawn together as followers of Christ from almost every nation under Heaven. There were American Indians, once ignorant blanket warriors, now Christian preachers; and black faced Africans, whose hearts have been made white and whose minds have been educated; there were Filipino Christians, men and women, with beautiful faces; there were Chinese, Japanese and Koreans, all living and working together in harmony. Men and women from India and Burma showed the power of God

EDITORIAL COMMENT

to transform worshippers of Vishnu and Buddha, and to bring all castes and people into one family.

This exhibition by one dwomination shows what might be accomplished in a united demonstration. Many features failed to do more than interest or amuse, and some were valueless from a missionary standpoint, but most of the exhibits were highly instructive and could not fail to make a lasting impression. There is danger in over e,mphasizing the novel and the dramatic in missionary work, but eye-gate and ear-gate, are twin entrances to the brains and hearts of men. Duty must not be neglected because it is uninteresting, but neither need a vision or a task be considered less spiritual and diviIH~ because it is made attractive.

THE CHURCHES AND THE INTERCHURCH T HE SUCCESS of the Interchurch World Movement will depend, first, on the nearness of its ideals and plans to the program of God; second, on the spiritual emphasis and power in each department of the work; third; on the sanity, energy, and Christ-likeness of the leaders; and fourth, on the extent and heartiness of the cooperation of various sections of the Christian Church. The first means right aims; the second, real power; the third, satisfactory machinery; and the fourth, the necessary sinews of war-both men and money.

The ideals of the Movement have been clearly defined and effective machinery is being set up and put in operation. It is the other two factors that are not yet fully determined. 'The Movement was inaugurated by Church leaders and has been approved by some seventy official denominational and interchurch boards, including home and foreign missionary and educational agencies; interdenominational organizations, such as the Bible Society, the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Y. P. S. C. E. and the Laymen's and MisHionary Education Movement. These have all expressed approval. though the real relation of the interchurch program to the nOll-denominational organizations is not yet determined. It is not certain, for instance, whether the Y. M. C. A. will be officially related or how close will be the cooperation of such missionary agencies as the China Inland Mission, the Christian and Missionary Alliance and independent Christian workers in city, home and foreign fields. Their work cannot be ignored in any world program, but they are not denominational societies. , The following reports show the official action taken by some of the denominational bodies and indicate their attitude toward the Movement.

The Seventh Day Baptist general conference was to meet August 19-25th and to reach some decision on its relation to the

movement. Concerning this a further announcement will be made later.

The Northern Baptist Convention assembled in Denver last May and adopted the following resolutions in regard to the Movement: "Resolved, That the Northern Baptist Convention, reaffirming the im- perative duty of. Baptists to bear full testimony to the full truth in Jesus Christ as they find it taught in the New Tesament, and recognizing the right of each local church to determine its own duty without dictation or control by any outside human authority, expresses its readiness to cooperate in the Interchurch World Movement of North America on the following condi- tions: "First, that we be represented in the joint survey of the home and for- etgn fields by members of our denomination appointed by the denomination, and while giving careful consideration to the report of such survey, we reserve unimpaired the freedom to follow our own convictions of truth and the leadings of divine Providence.

Second, that a joint campaign of information and inspiration be con- ducted for the promotion of stewardship.

"Third, that a simultaneous financial campaign be promoted in which each denomination shall present its own budget to its own constituency, secure its own pledges, collect the same, and administer its own program of expansion.

"Fourth, that the Baptists who are officers of the Interchurch World Movement, members of its Executive Committee and of its General Com- mittee be selected by the Northern Baptist Convention.

Fifth, that in our cooperation with the Interchurch World Movement we act through the General Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention. It is assumed that the State Conventions will act through their respective State organizations.

Sixth, that evangelical denominational bodies only be represented in the Interchurch World Movement.

"Seventh, that the Interchurch World Movement do not promote organic union of denominations or of local churches, or the establishment of local church federations, or non-denominational churches. .

"Eighth, that the literature and promotion methods of the Interchurch World Movement be not in contravention of these principles, and that we reserve the right to supplement the literature of the Movement by literature prepared by our own denomination."

This action was a compromise between those who would have been ready for unreserved and complete cooperation and a considerable number who prefer no relation to the Movement whatever. Some local experiences with nominal federation efforts had created complications and caused prejudice against the Movement. Many prefer to restrict the financial appeal to organize church activities because of a fear that the simultane,ous appeal to the same persons for several distinct causes would not produce the best results. Since the Baptist churches are congregational in government, the vote of the Convention will have no more authority with the individual churches than each ·wishes to accord to it.

The Congregational Churches have not yet taken official action

through their National Coullcil, but the Commission on Missions and the various home, foreign, educational and Sunday-school boards have voted to cooperatf'. Some changes may be made in view of the action of the Baptists and Presbyterians.

.The National Baptist Convention (colored) is to meet in Newark, N. J., on September tenth and will then take final action on the subject. It is expected that the Convention will vote to cooperate with the Movement.

The Disciples of Christ have had no convention to act upon th(~ question of participation, but the missionary boards have entered pnthusiastically into the program.

The Christian Church in its quadrennial convention at Conneaut, Ohio, in A.pril, "endorsed the purposes and aim of the Movement and pledged its hearty cooperation."

The American Friends, through the executive committee of the Five Years Meetings, expressed sympathy and unity with the Movement and the determination to cooperate fully. The details were left to a Forward Movement Committee. Other ]1~riends boards have also expressed hearty approval.

The Lutheran Church has not yet taken definite action, as their general convention has not convened.

The Methodist Episcopal Church has heartily endorsed the Movement through the action of its various boards and Bishops, and has furnished much of the fundS, the men and the machinery to inaugurate the work. They have, however, recently completed a successful campaign in which they secured pledges for about $100,- 000,000 for the work of the Church, at home and abroad, in the next five years. The General Oonvention will not meet until 1920.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has taken Mtion through the annual meeting of the Board of Missions as follows: "The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has always stood for the most hearty cooperation between all evangelical churches, and we stand ready to cooperate in every practical way with those who have in hand this Movement in the interest of closer relationship between the churches of Ohrist in America; "But in view of the fact that we, as a Church, have just completed our Centenary Drive, we do not see our way clear to participate in another drive for funds such as is contemplated by the Interchurch W orId Movement.

"However, we offer to the leaders of this Movement the benefIt of our experience in organization and methods and the results of all onr various surveys; and we declare our willingness to cooperate in a more extended and minute survey of religious conditions in the United States and in foreign fields, and we recommend that our secretaries be instl'Ucted to prepare for and enter

upon such cooperation in consultation with the executive committee of this Board."

The African lliethodist Episcopal Church expresses sympathy with the Movement, but have not thus far taktn any definite action.

The Methodist Protestant Chrurch has not yet been able to act, as the general conference will not be held until uext year. The officials of the church boards, hav~, however, expressed approval of the Movement and have voted to cooperate. They are in the midst of a quadrennial campaign for missions and education. The officials are opposed to organic union with other denominations.

The United Brethren in Christ have not held any meeting of the general conference, but the executive committees of the various Boards of the church have voted to cooperate in the Movement, but to what extent has not been considered.

The Moravians, through the directors of the Society for Prol1<1sating the Gospel, have heartily endorsed the Movement ami expressed approval of it and willingness to cooperate, provided it does not involve them in preliminary budget and overhead expenses out of proportion to any financial returns which may be reasonably expected from the Moravian constituency; and provided further, that it is clearly understood that it is impossible to determine accurately Moravian responsibilities in the foreign field until it is known whether or not Moravian missions can be administered internationally as before the war.

The PTOtesiani Episcopal Church is not able, through its Board of Missions, to cooperate with the Interchurch Vorld Movement. The Board is, however, keenly interested and has commended the Movement to the consideration of the Bishops. An "Every Name Campaign" is now being promoted in the Church, and the resulting survey, with recommendations, will be submitted to the next general convention.

The PI'esbyterian Ch~trch (North) voted at the general assembly in St. Louis, last May, to commit the whole question of cooperation with the Movement to the executive commission of the assembly, with power to act within the limits of five principles, namely: (1) That the cooperative movement, as above specified, be one of agencies of evangdical churches. (This specification rules out non-evangelical churches and non-ecclesiastical organizations.) (2) That in the proposed cooperation, the Presbyterian Church shall function through its committee on the New Era Mowment.

(3) That the cooperation shall involve the following features: (a) a common survey of the home and foreign fir Ids; (b) a united ~ropaganda to reach the whole Protestant Church of North America in (;lducational and inspirational campaigns; (c) a simul-

1I1l~1 EDITORIAL COMMENT

taneous campaign to realize the budgets; (d) a full presentation to the Interchurch Movemrnt of the Presbyterian budget for all the boards and agencies as approved by the exeC'utive commission.

(4) That the cooperation shall be upon the condition that funds raised by the Presbyterian churches and agencies shall be paid to and distributed through the regular channels of the Presbyterian Church..

(5) That no financial obligations for the administrative expenses of the Interchurch Movement shall be incurred by any of our boards or agencies without the authorization of the general assembly or its executive commission.

"There the matter rests for the present as far as the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. is concerned. The executive commission is thus left free to proceed to cooperation within the ahovespecified principles. It is also left free to do nothing, if that seems to be the wise course. The Presbyterian Church is waiting for fuller information, but desires to cooperate with every organization laboring for the coming Kingdom of Christ."

The Presbyterian Church (South) also took action, at its general assembly in May, expressing gratification and approval of the Movement, endorsed the action of the executive committee, and votrd to cooperate, provided that such action would not interfere with the denominational program on foot to secure $12,000,000 fo~ benevolrnces. Plans for participation in the Movement was re-. ferred to the general assE'mbly's stewardship committee.

The United Presbyterian Church at its General Assembly recommended: "That the Assemhly approve the full cooperation of our Church with the Interchurch World Movement in its proposed campaign, in so far as it may not interfere with the recognized missionary and financial policies and methods of the United Presbyterian Church, and on condition that a lar~e majority of the principal denominations agree to cooperate in this Movement."

The Reformed Church in America, at its general synod in June, adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That we set the seal of our sympathetic endorsement upon the Movement. . . . . . and that we empower the Boards of our Church and the Progress Campaign Committee to cooperate with the Interchurch Movement in so far as they can do so in harmony with their work."

This action was intended to express the sympathy of the denomination with the Movement and to give the boards liberty of action in developing their cooperation with the Movement, which would be essrntial to the plans already adopted by these boards.. A Reformed Church Progress Campaign is now fully under way.

The Rf'formed Chtlren in the 1'nitcd States took definite action when the Board of ForE'ign MissionI', at its annual meeting held

last February, "gave its hearty f'ndorsement to the plan of the Interchurch World Movement," and when the general synod endorsed the Movement last March and "offered cooperation. " These two actions are interpreted to mean that the Reformed Ohurch "regards the Interchurch Vorld Movement as a united effort to lift to a higher plane the entire work of the Ohurch of Ohrist. There seems to be a practical unanimity as to the need @f such a Movement in order to carry to a successful issue the smaller movements in the several denominations." A forward movement has been authorized by the general synod with a goal of $6,000,000 for the boards and institutions of the Ohurch.

JAPAN AND THE KOREAN REVOLUTION W E PUBLISH this month various statements relating to the distressing situation in Korea. Baron Goto's address delivered in New York speaks a word in behalf of the Japanese Government; a Japanese Ohristian viewpoint, is found iu an article published in the Japanese press, and other quotations are given from missionaries and eye witnesses in Ohosen. We have purposely omitted the most extreme and bitter reports and denunciations of Japan issued by Koreans connected with the In- . dependence Movement. The evidence presented is convincing that the Japanese anthorities in Korea have been cruel and inhuman in their treatment of the Korean men and women whose only crime was an earnest desire for freedom. These Koreans were unarmed and for the most part confined their riots to the shouting of "Manzai," the closing of shops, and peaceful demonstrations in the streets. It is reported that a thousand people have been killed and six thousand imprisoned.

While Korean Ohristians have naturally been connected with the demonstrations, as lovers of liberty and leaders in reform mov('- ments, they have counseled moderation and peaceful measures. They have been ready to suffer with courage, but have sought to prevent violence. In spite of this, the Japanese have seemed to be especially bitter against the Ohristians and in one instance at least are reported to have gathered the Ohristian men in a .church, to have slain them and then set fire to the whole village.

The situation is still critical. While the active demonstrations have ceased and the most violent repressive measures of the Japanese government have been discontinued, the spirit of unrest prevails. Schools have been closed since March because teachers and pupils in many places refused to attend. Church services haY<.' been discontinued because of Japanese terrorism, and shops were only kept open under threat of the gendarmes.

The missionaries have kept aloof from the political phases of the disturbance, but as men and women with heart and conscienc('.

1919J EDITORIAL COMMENT

they could not stand idly by and see, without r~IDOnstrtlnoo, unanned old men and children shot, bayonetted and clubbed, young girls and· women stripped and abused by the police and every kind of indignity and abuse jnflicted on the people, to whom the missionaries are devoting their lives. They are in peculiar need of our prayers for, while they do not consider themselves in personal danger, their position is one of extraordinary difficulty.

Energetic measures have been taken by American Christians to put an e·nd to the maltreatment of Koreans. The missionaries in Ohosen have appealed to local Japanese authorities and before the Governor-General, and have sent a delegation to Japan to lay the matter before the government. In America, the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, through its "Committee on Oriental Relationships," has made representations to the Japanese ambassador at Washington and direct to Premier Hara in Tokyo. Some publicity has been given to the affair in the press, but the great mass of evidence has not yet been made public.

The chief cause of the trouble seems to be the failure of Japan to give Korea a civil government, or to put into operation a system which could ,yin the respect and cooperation of the Koreans. The milita,ry party in Japan, which has been in control in Korea, has been characterized by the same system and ideals that have brought German militarism into disrepute. The Japanese have not Christian ideals and have ruled Koreans with an iron hand. Many of the officials in Chosen have feared and hated the Christian Church. Thev have not understood the Korean language, nor their ideals, "and have endeavored to force upon their wards Japanese milita,ry ideals and institutions. If peace and prosperity are coming to Korea there must be a change in the Japanese policy. The Honorable Yukio Ozaki, formerly mayor of Tokyo, Minister of Education and Minister of Justice in Marquis Okuma's cabinet, has disapproved of the militaristic policy in Korea and has expressed the opinion that the time has corne when "Korpans must be given a stronger voice in their government."

Word has just been received (August 21) to the effect that Japan will immediately replace the military by a civil government in Chosen, and will establish other reforms to benefit the Koreans. Among these reforms are the abolition of all distinction between Japanese and Koreans, politically, socially and otherwise. The military governor is to be replaced by a civil g-overnor, Baron Saito, and a Director-General, Mr. Midzuno, both civilians.

The proposed reforms do not satisfy the Independence Party in Korea, who declare that nothing short of self-determination will bring peace in Chosen. The Koreans are skeptical as to the beneficent character of the changes. Friends of Japan and of Korea hope, however, that a right solution of the trouble is in sight.~Editor.

Will of God for the

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, LL. D.

"Then said I, La I am come; in the roll of the book it is written of me I delight to do Thy will 0 my God"-Psalm 40: 7,8. (Cf. Heb. 10:7).

"After this 11Ulnner therefore pray.ye: Our Father ….. . Thy will be done"-Matt. 6:10.

"The good and acceptable and perfect will "of God"-Rom. 12:2 "Making known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him unto a dispensation of the fullness of time to sum up all things in Christ …… who worketh all things after the counsel of His will"-Eph. 1 :9-11. _ T HE NEW TESTAMEN'I' iutcrpretation of Psalm 40 shows that the Incarnation was the glad fulfilment of God's will. Christ came from heaven to do the will of God (.Tohn 6:38). That will for the world, as wen as for the individual, is good in its origin; acceptable in its working to those who love God, and per- fect in its final result. When we know God's will for the world we also know it for ourselves. Study the use of the word world, for example, in the prayer of our Lord in the seventeenth chapter of John's Gospel.

The only thing that really matters for a Christian is the will of God. It is supreme. It is the only clue in the maze of cir- cumstance. Nothing can shake the faith or zeal of the man who knows it. "He that doeth the will of God abideth forever."

We know God's will for the world: 1. By His eternal purpose to save a lost world. John 3:16. 2. By His definite command, repeated in Christ's fourfold com- mission. Matt. 28 :19, 20 j Mark 16 :15 ; John 20 :21; Acts 1 :8. 3. By His gracious promises, which, like the blue-prints of the architect, show the glory of the palace that is to he. Its elevation, its four-square foundation, its many mansions, its golden beauty. God will sum up all things in Christ. Every tongue will confess Him and His glory will flood the earth. Isaiah 60: Psalm 72. 4. By His character. God's truth must overcome all error and burn the falsehood from the souls of men. God's purity can not tolerate moral sepsis in His world. God's compassion shows us how to look upon all human. sin and sorrow and shame. 5. By His Providence. "Thy will be done on earth." If you would know God's will for the world look around at the new day that is dawning. The crisis calls for courage. The· open doors , beckon, the closed doors challenge. God is, unmistakably, working out His purpose for the world. Shall we fail Him T 6. By His disciples and the program before them. Paul said, "Be ye followers of me, as dear children." The glorious company of the apostles.. the noble army of martyrs, the holy church. througbout all thc' world-what is thc'ir program "I Follow after.

656

Statesman on Christian

BY BARON SHIMPEI GOTO, TOKYO, JAPAN From an address delivered by Baron Gala at a dinner given to him by the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in New York last J""e.

I EMBHACE this opportunity to speak of three points re- garding Christian missionary work in Japan. (1) What Chris- tianity has done in Japan. (2) What Japan has done for Chris- tianity, or rather our attitude towards it. (3) What I hope missionaries may do for our people.

The work of Christian mis- sions in Japan has not been properly recognized by our pub- lic men. This is not so much from lack of appreciation on their part as from the fact that ''ork of a religious character is necessarily wrought in silenc€'

and privacy. If full justice is impossible, we can still bear wit- BARON SHIMPEI GOTO ness to such labors as were not hidden under a bushel, but have been as lights shining before men.

In no field of activity, 01' enterprise, have missionaries accom- plished more than in that of education. At ll'ast to a layman this has been most apparent. In the early seventies when our govern- ment and people were engrossed in readjustment, both at home and in foreign relations, and you could pay but scant attention to the all important question of education, missionaries rendered inestimable service, espEcially in the lines then most neglected by us-the education of women and of the poor. Even after our school system was more or less perfected, they continued to make good deficiencies in our general scheme of instruction. We own, with no small sense of shame, that the country cannot satisfy all the demands for education among our own people.

Among the late Emperor's five articles of oath, which were practically the Magna Charta of new Japan, it was stated that the low, as well as the high, should have their desires satisfied, and no desire has been stronger with both than that for education. This, of course, not only means the expansion of the soul, but the less spiritual opening of careers. The government has by no means

neglected its schools, but has llE'V(f been able to keep pace with the growing needs. Only last spring Parliament voted some 40,000,000 yen and the Emperor gave out of his own private purse 10,000,000 yen mon~ for the el'('ction of higher institutions of learning. Even then the intellectual demands of young Japan cannot be adequately met. W emust for some time depend upon private enterprise and upon missionary efforts to remedy the insufficiency. As to the education of women, missionaries have been pioneers in our country.

But missionary activities are in no way confined to strictly religious and educational lines. What they have done and are doing in the :(ield of philanthropy is comparatively little known. As I have myself always been interested in public charities, I have watched with peculiar interest the development of Christian effort in this line. The many institutions connected with church organizations, started with the purpose of assisting the poor, of comforting widows and orphans, are innumerable. Their endeavor to overcome moral and physical degradation-such as prostitution on one hand and tuberculosis on the other-may well serve as an example. The Salvation Army is constantly widening its sphere of work, while the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association are contributing a valuable quota to the uplifting of our youth and the amelioration of social miseries.

I am well aware that with all that Americans may have achieved in education and philanthropy, they are not satisfied unless they have at the same time brought our people to Christ. Some years ago, the Salvation Army inaugurated the slogan-"Japan for Christ," and some charged them with the desire to upset the reigning dynasty. I could but laugh at their unnecessary fear for I know that the Kingdom of God, which you Christians preach, is not to be confused with principalities and powers.

I have always in my official career shown my sympathy for Christian missions. As far as I see, there need be no conflict between Christian teaching and our nationalistic idea, as long as no attempt is made to interfere with the political regime. In fact, I am wondering whether the idea of God, as Lord of lords and King of kings, will not find more congenial acknowledgment among the subjects of monarchies than among the citizens of republics.

However that may be, you will give credit to Japan for the liberal attitude she has taken towards Christianity. If she has not welcomed a strange religion, she has not shut the door in its face. We have put no obstacle in the way of missionary progress. Having no state religion, we have put no disabilities on any form of faith. The Constitution has clearly guaranteed religious freedom. The Jesuits, who are not tolerated in many countries, have lately

A JAPANESE S,!'ATESMAN ON CHRISTIAN MISSIO~S

been coming to Japan, and we have placed no barrier to their efforts as long as tlwy refrain from political intrigues. A country that has ill the past thousand years tolerated every sort of alien philosophy and religion, be it Buddhism, 'raoism, Confucianism, still consistently goes on without meddling with individual conscience and faith. If at one. time there was persecution, it was because of political danger incited by a certain profession of faith, and not on account of theological nonconformity.

About two decades ago, there was great concern expressed among missionary boards in regard to our educational laws, lest they should prove hostile to their enterprise. I believe it did not take long to convince them that there was no obstacle to Christian activity in the said la,v". A similar law in Korea created similar anxiety, but this, too, disappeared in a short time. The letter of the law may sometimes sound severe. Does not the Bible itself speak of the letter and the spirit of the law, as two distinct things-the letter killing and the spirit saving? Laws and statutes are necessarily carnal, they are of the earth, earthy. Spiritual concerns are beyond the pale of their authority and they will not intrude into the sacred precincts of religion. Conversely, it will little profit a religious hody to encroach upon the domain of politics. "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's."

. Ever since my arrival in America, I have heard much of socalled Korean massacres. While T have no official report on the incidents, I am m.ost sincerely grieved to heal' of any thing which may give ground for reflection on our rule of Korea. I have some comfort left in thinking that when the alleged cases of maltreatment are thoroughly ('xamined, we shall find them as much exaggerated as were the stories of "water-cure," which was said to have been practiced in the Philippines, but which we were afterwards relieved to heal' were not so shocking as at first reported. If a degree of harshness was inflicted upon those who participated in the Korean riots, this was not intended as an anti-Christian measure. Insurrection must be punished and it makes no difference whether that insurrection is perpetrated by Christians or Buddhists or whatever religionists. As a matter of fact, a very conspicuous part in the late insurrection was played hy a native quasi-religious body which is opposed to Christianity.

I do not know when the time may come that the parliaments of the nations will frame their laws in consonance with the Golden Rule, when mankind shall be ruled by the precepts of Christ. I would be among the first to hail the coming of such a time, but I regret to say I do not see any signs of its near approach. Nevertheless, I believe it must come. It hides as yet far up among the clouds or lies deep down in our breast. I wish to say that without religion it will never be fully reaJizf'd, though I confess I am often be-

wildered by a list of names which may mean everything or nothing or anything-God, Truth, the Iufinite, the First Cause.

Laotze says, "The Name that can be named is not the Eternal Name. The Way that can be way€d, is not the Eternal Way." Infinite wisdom is beyond the human power to comprehend. I sometimes feel that I catch sight of such a Being; for .only at odd moments does He reveal Himself to the inner sight. And yet-all honest and earnest souls must at times feel the presence of such Power.

The oriental mind is vague and abstract. Christianity has been presented to us in so concrete, definite and exact a form, that it has been unacceptable to us. I have read the New Testament and I have sometimes wondered how Christianity came to assume its present form, and thfn I begin to doubt whether this is its final form. Christianity, like any organic body, will, under varying conditions, take forms fit for the time and place of its work. It may thus become more local in color; but the universal and the infinite can best manifest itself in the finite, definite, in order to be comprehended by beings that are themselves limited in power.

The Great Being has been speaking to us in different languages. He has been manifesting Himsf'lf 10m in rli fff'rrnt forms. Shuffie off the raiment in which He is clothrd by fantasy and custom of belief, will He not reveal Himself as Universal Light, as Father of all good, the Fountain of all mercy rnd justicf'-to accept whom is Life and to rejrct whom is Death ~ I shall not preach-it is not my purpose to do so. I have uttered a little of my heart to show you that I am "almost persuaded," and I know that in this respect I represent many of my compatriots. By a slight change in the interpretation and presentation of the teachings of Christ you will open a wide door for the wandering sheep, and I wish to know if Christianity, like so many other beliefs, will see some adjustments as the result of the impending world reconstruction. May the New Age thus pave a New Way for the nations of the earth to come closer in faith and hope, and, above all, in charity.

Looking towards the future, I feel justified in saying that Cht·istianity in Japan will be in safe hands-that in the hands of Japanese disciples the teachings of Christ will not degenerate or decay, but will remain vital and potent through centuries to come. . . . It would be preposterous for me to say that the Japanese will make any improvement upon the Christianity of the West-the Christianity which you of the West have introduced to us. I am, however, quite confident that Christianity, once introduced into Japan, will never decay or decline, but will always remain a living faith.

Emergency in

BY REV. TAKASHI SUZUKI This is a lapanese Christian viewpoint of the disturbances in Korea, printed in the Fukuin Shimpo, May 15, 1919. Most of the facts have, however, been kept from the lapanese press.

T HE DISTURBANCES will be suppressed. What cannot be suppressed is the spirit of the Chosenese, their anti-Japanese thoughts. What should be done about these thoughts and feelings 1 The sources of the ideas are deep and rrmote.

The distant causes are: (1) the historical feeling of contempt for Japan; (2) the enmity due to the TVako (Japanese invasion during the Ashikaga period); (3) the enmity due to the Hotaiko invasion (under Hideyoshi).

The near causes are: (1) opposition to annexation; (2) opposition to Japan's selfish imperialism; (3) political dissatisfaction; (4) financial unrest; (5) opposition to bad treatment socially; (6) disapproval of .Japanese morals.

Of the above causes I comdder .Japanese selfish imperialism the most important. Of all bad governments, that by a Governor- General or Vicerov is considrred the worst. Is it not a fact that not only in Chosr-it, but in China, in America, in Australia, everywhere, this selfish imperialism of Japan has as its shadow the so-called anti-Japanese sentiment ~ Before we hate the shadow it is necessary to look at ourselves. The ideals and principles under which Japan has gone forward are exprl'ssed in the familiar phrases, "Shed the national glory abroad;" "greatly extend our territory;" "rule the world;" and other such expressions. The result is that our neighbors have become anti-Japanese and today on all sides barriers, invited by ourselves, are being raised against us.

Chosl'nese are human beings. They have their national prine, their love of native land. .Tapanese have no monopoly of patriotism. With our shameless swagger and brandishing of "Japanism" how can we quiet their opposition 7 If we do not get rid of this spirit and take our stand upon conduct growing out of the love which "loves the neighbor as onesf'lf" I do not think we can long hold our position as lord of the East.

For example, in school the:> blood of our youth is made to boil (with patriotic fervor) whpn they hear of the Wako invasion and the later subjugation of Chosen. But when one goes to Chosen, he finds that all this was merely sowing the seeds of hatred against Japan. Thifl was to be exppcted. In the TVako invasion the entire roast WIlS ravagpd. the housps burnt, the people killed and their g'oods plundered. The Ja.panese were feared more than tigers.

MI

And in the later punitive expedition the whole land was swept by fire. ~y this invasion, Chosen was so impoverished that she has never recovered. The Chosenese cannot but hate Japan.

And yet the educational policy of Japan has never changed, but goes on just as it was ten and twenty years ago, never getting away from this selfish imperialism. In ethical training, in history, in school readers, in school songs, the old ideals of culture in patriotism permeate the entire system. The patriotism taught is an indiscriminating, Japan-centered, materialistic patriotism which knows of the existence of Japan, but is blindly ignorant of the existence of other nations. The result is the production of a race of people which is very unsuitable for colonization abroad. In Chosen the Japanese who are there, even the women and children, know how to swagger, but they do not know love. They know how to take away, but not how to give. They put on high-spirited airs as they seem to say, "I am a Japanese. Why don't you bow down before me ~" But they know nothing of the moral principle, "He that would be great among you, let him be your servant." On the contrary they seem to think that Yamato Damashii (Japanese spirit) must act on the principle, "He who is chief shall exercise authority," and that the Chosenese are to be suppressed and trampled upon. Consequently wherever the Chosenese go, to market or to the public offices, they find no place where they are loved by the Japanese. They always feel that they are being trodden upon, teased, made fools of and tyrannized over.

The Chosenese are opposed to the fact of annexation itself. Thev are also dissatisfied because the Government-General is full of iinperfections. Th€y also feel that the Japanese ought to 1w expelled because of the oppression of Japanese capitalists Who seize their lands and keep all the profits from their exploitations. But these causes of discontent affect only part of the people. The thing which affects every Chosenese is the social mistreatment thC'y receive. This is why the present disturbance has spread like a conflagration through the entire land. But the fundamental cause is the poisoq of imperialism. It is the inevitable consequence of the educational policy pursued in our schools and military institutions. Hence, any attempt at good gOVE'rnment through the Government-General will be futile. There m,ttst be a change in the essentia~ character of the Japanese people.

IMMORALITY OF JAPANESE IN CHOSEN Next, consider the moral character of the Japanese residents in Chosen. Of course, there are not wanting among them persons of :splendid cliaracter, but when we speak of the great body of them, we have not a few things to regret. The great majority of them do not fear God nor know ~hame. They have no ideals higher than

THE EMERGENCY IN CHOSEN

making money. Consequently, there are no limits to the wickedness practiced by great numbers of them in dealing with the ignorant, poor Chosenese. Even in the homeland the low standard of commercial morality is a very troublesome question, but it is intolerable that this low class supply the representatives of Japan. It is their dishonestv which has caused Americans to look down on the Japanese. Fa; example, when Americans give orders to Chinese or Chosenese workmen under a guarantee that the goods will last three years, they do last three years. Japanese workmen, on the other hand, will aceept the high price for three year goods and then run off to other parts, having supplied goods which do not last even a year, boasting withal, that they have" got ahead of the keto" (contemptuous term for "foreigners"). Merchants use false weights and measures.. And since the coming of the Japanese the morals of the Chosenese have deteriorated also. Chosenese merchants recently have hegun to use false weights and measures.

Coming to morality between the sexes, we can by no means say that the Chosenese are high in this regard. But certainly they are not like the Japanese, who seem to "glory in their shame." Truly the licentiousness and ahandonment of our countrympn is inexpressibly deplorable. Spnsuality is widespread, even in country places. There are not a few places where prostitutes number a tenth of the population. At banquets and public gatherings the conditions are shocking. They consider this one of the privileges of life in a colony. Once, when I was taking a train at a certain station, a number of people came noisily after me. On looking around, I saw a divisional chief of the local government, and a chief of police, each being carried in the arms of several prostitutes as they swayed from side to side, with their official sword dragging, reeling drunkenly to the train which finally they boarded, or rather were pushed aboard.

Such being the condition of affairs how can we secure the respect of the Chospnese 1 We want the Chosenese to love Japan. But have we any affection for them ~ Love is begotten by love, but as I said before, the Japanese do not know love. How, then, C8Jl love originate in thpm towards us 1 With the present day morality of the Japanese can we demand their respecU With neither love nor respect how can we hope that they will loVE' J apan ~ Therefore, the mOTe we think of the Chosen question the more we realize that it is a spiritual question. In other words, it is pe'rfectly clear that what is called for is a thoroughgoing reformation in Japan's political ideals, educational policy, and in the individual character of the people of Japan. By all 'means Japan must be born again. Therefore, there is today no enterprise which compares in urgency with thr work of evangelization.

on the Korean

T HE NEWS of the situation in Korea (Chosen) is not yet reassuring. Reports of repressive measures by the Japanese remind us too vividly of the Bryce reports on Belgium and Northern France in the early years of the war. The following extracts from a long report by the special committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America give some of thp results of their investigation. The evidence has been carefully sifted and is believed to be reliable. While names are not generally giwn, more than thirty British and American individuals have testified and their names are in the possession of the committep. The documents include reports, personal letters and signed affidavits of eye witnesses. The Korean Independence Movement is, no doubt, a mistake and doomed to fail, but the Japanese military policy in Korea is a still greater blunde.r and can bring only disaster.

The df'sire for self-determination and national ideals has been fostered in Korf'a by the ideals expressed at the Peace Conference. The movement for freedom became country-wide last March at the time of the funeral of the ex-Emperor. Propagandists include Christians. memhers of the reformed native cult, the Chuntokyo, and Buddhists. Students of government schools are equally iY'- volvrd with those of mission schools. The causes underlying the agitation appear in documents presented on May 10th to influential Japanese in Tokyo b~r a committee from Chosen. They are briefly as follow,,: THE CAUSES 1. The desire for independence. 2. The rigors, cruelty and injustice of Japanese military administration- including the spy system, even in religious meetings, and constant show of force. 3. The Korean opposition to the apparent program of denationalization, in- including the exclusion of the Korean language and history from the school curricula. 4. The failure to give Koreans a share in their government either legislative or executive. S. Discrimination against Koreans in salaries, in schools, in employment and in the courts. 6. The lack of liberty of speech, press and assembly. 7. The limited religious liberty-forbidding the teaching of religion or of the Bible in private schools, the imposition of the observance of cere- monies which are against Christian conscience, and the intimidation of Christian. converts. 8. The practical prohibition of Korean travel and study abroad. 9. The appropriation of Korean crown lands by the Japanese.

10. The demoralizing influences introduced by Japanese~inc!uding lic;ellsed prostitution, the sale of morphine and cl,tltiv:).tion of 0l?ium. 664 11. The forced migration of Koreans into Manchuria. 12. The exploitation of Korean forests by Japanese and the licensed monopolies which bring hardship to Koreans.

The Independence Movement was so secretly organized that neither the missionaries nor the secret police of the government knew what was going to happen, though all were conscious of the great tensity of the time. In a very few days it spread to all parts of the land, even to remote mountain valleys. The police, gendarmes and soldiers were everywhere called out to disperse the crowds and to arrest the leaders. The first day or so no very rough methods were used, but from then on, and especially out in the country districts, the most brutal methods have been employed. Men, women and children have been repeatedly kicked, beaten with fists or gun butts, bayoneted, sabred and shot, until mission hospitals and, if report be true, the government and other private hospitals, too, are filled with the wounded; Severance Hospital having cots and beds in every available space, even the hallways. Testimony gathered from these wounded is consistent that until attacked .the crowds of demonstrators used no force but simply shouted for independence, and were fired upon or otherwise attacked. The barbarities have stirred all to deepest indignation and have to a certain extent terrorized the people, who were expecting merely arrest, yet they remain firm in their determination, although they are changing their method of demonstration and protest for the purpose of saving life. It is obvious, however, that if the brutal methods of repression are continued, retaliation on the part of the Koreans will inevitably be the result, even though they have no weapons.

THE FAOTS REPORTED The facts reported by the Governor General deal with an atrocity of the first magnitude, the particulars of which have reached Tokyo.

The missionaries who investigated were in a party of ten who visited several villages which had been burned by the Japanese gendarmes and soldiers, the villagers being driven out of their homes and not permitted to take with them anything whatever of value. All they owned was destroyed, and the villagers, young infants and old men and women, have been hiding in the hills, afraid to return to the site of their former homes, and without shelter, food or covering for their bodies at night.

In the course of their investigation, the searchers for facts reached one village where the little church had been destroyed by fire. The gendarmes and soldiers, marching into this village, had summoned the men of the village to attend a meeting in the church, where they were told certain orders would be read to

them. As soon as the men had been gathered together, the soldiery opened fire upon them through the open windows, after having surrounded the building. Volley after volley was poured into th(~ gathering, until the floor was covered with moaning heaps of dead and wounded men. To complete their work, the surviving women of the village told the missionaries. the soldiery entered the buil(l- .ing and bayoneted all the men whom the bullets had not killed, while two women, who had approached the building to learn the fate of their husbands, were likewise bayoneted and their bodies thrown among those of the men. Then kerosene was poured upon the dead and the bodies and the church building consumed by fire. When the advance guard of the investigating party reached this place, there were two bodies still left in the smoking ruins, the others having been raked out and disposed of out of sight.

March 28th, 1919, a girl, , about 21 years of age told the fol- lowing: "I was arrested on the streets of Pyengyang, the third of March, and taken to the police station. There were many others, both men and women.

They asked if we smoked, if we drank, and if we were Christians. Soon all were let out with little or no punishment, with the exception of twelve Methodist women, two Presbyterians, and one Chundokyo woman. Three of the Methodist women were Bible women. They stripped all the women naked in the presence of many men. They found nothing against me except that I had been on the street and had shouted 'Manzai.' They beat me until the perspiration stood out all over my body. They then said, "Oh, you are hot,' and threw cold water over my naked body. My arms were pulled tight behind my back and tied. Then saying I was cold, they stuck me with the lighted end of their cigarettes. (Some were stuck with hot irons.) Some were beaten until they were unconscious. After four days we were taken to the prison. Here we were packed in a room with men and women. One day an old man was beaten until he died. One of the Bible women was right next to him. She asked to be moved, but they compelled.

her to watch the dead body all night. One of the Bible women not only had her hands bound, but had her feet put in stocks. They took our Bibles.

away and would not allow us to talk or pray. They made vile and indecent remarks to us. All this was done by the Japanese. Though there were: Korean policemen in the room they took no part in the beating or in the vile-· ness. The Japanese blaspheme the name of Christ, and asked us if there'

was not a man by the name of Saul who was put in prison. They asked'

us most of all as to what the foreigners had said, and were most vile and'

cruel to those who had been with the missionaries, or who had taught in the mission schools. Some of the girls were so changed that they did not look like persons."

Hon. T. Hara, Premier of the Japanese Cabinet, sent the following cable message to the Federal Council of Churches in reply to a communication from them on the subject: "I desire to assure you that tl,c report of abuses committed by agents of the Japanese Government in KO'ea has been engaging my most serious attention. I am fully prepared to leok squarely at actual facts. As I have declared on various occasions, the regime: Qf ~dministration inaugurated iR

REPORTS ON THE KOREAN UPRISING

Korea at the time of the annexation, nearly ten years ago, calls for substantial modification to meet the altered conditions of things. Ever since the formation' of the present Cabinet in September last, I have been occupied in working out the scheme of needed administrative reforms in Korea. A comprehensive plan of reorganization with this object in view has already been on the tapis. For obvious reasons it has not been possible to proceed at once to its formal adoption in the presenc~ of the disturbances which have unfortunately broken out in various parts of the peninsula.

"In view, however, of the recent improvement in the situation, the contemplated reform can now be, in my estimation, safely introduced, and will be carried into effect as soon as the legal requirements of procedure to make them definitive shall have been completed. Announcement of the plan in a more complete form shall be withheld for the present, but I trust that the fixed determination with which my colleagues and I have been endeavoring to promote the lasting welfare of our Korean kinsmen, and to insure a distinct betterment of conditions in the country will not be misunderstood or misconstrued. "

The uncertainty as to the outcome of the disturbances is in- creased by the fact that the government of Chosen finds critics of the administration in the ranks of its own civil officials and in the Liberal parties in the Imperial Government. Investigators are not slow to criticize what they characterize as the stupid policy of the military regime, while the leading journals of Japan are to the extent of their meager information joining in a protest. The "Peninsular Magazine," a month1y published in Seoul by a Japanese but for the Koreans and in the Korean language, had its April number confiscated, further publication prohibited, and the editor arrested because it published a long editorial criticizing the Government-GeneraI's handling of the situation.

SIGNS OF HOPE IN JAPAN Except for rumors to the effect that the student class in Japan are beginning to favor Korean liberty, there is of course no one among the Japanese who favors independence for the Koreans, though the more advanced, like Viscount Kato, have come out in favor of autonomy; but many of them feel that the military administration ought to give place to the civil in the future, and that the military administration has made a failure in its colonial policy.

It is possible that government reform may take place. A recent statement of Mr. Yamagata, the Administrator-General, is to the effect that "the agitation is deplorable, coming as it does just on the eve of government l'pforms." But all officials seem to agree that the present uprising must be crushed before any reforms can be instituted, while th~ interpellations in the Diet in regard to the Korean situation seem to be a criticism of the administration for failing to keep order in the peninsula. rather than a suggestion that thE' underlying causE'S of thr <iistnrlml1CP he disCOVE'fPd and removed.

Democratic tendencies are manifest in the Japanese Empire

as well as in the rest of the world, and momentous events may occur at any time. Only recently two automobile loads of Japanese rushed through the streefs of Seoul, shouting" Democracy Banzai." Some sixty arrests have been made in connection with the demon- stration. Many conflicting forces are at work today in Japan as well as in Korea, but unless there is some marked change in gov- ernment policy or in the character of the administration, or both, mission work in Chosen faces a period of great limitation and difficulty. There are grave problems ahead. When the Adminis- trator General returned from a trip to Tokyo in April, he made the official announcement that the "lenient" measures employed in the past would be exchanged for utmost rigor, and a new law was promulgated by the Governor General making "any disturbance of the peace with a view of effecting a change of government" an offense punishable with ten years of penal servitude. This law significantly and specifioolly includes foreigners in the ruling.

The ultimate effect of this movement on the Christian Church in Korea is wholly problematical. The leaders went into it with their eyes open, realizing that failure meant persecution and probably severe repression of church activity, but the Moderator of the Korean General Assembly and others say that they prayed the matter through and felt that it was God's will for them to make this attempt to secure not merely civil but real religious liberty at this particular time in the world's history, when so many small peoples are apparently to secure these blessings. It is reported that officials have stated that the Chun Do Kyo (Heavenly Way Association) is to be suppressed entirely and that the Christian Church is to be reduced to about half its present size. If the military government remains in Korea and the present movement collapses the outlook for the future is dark. If, on the other hand, in view of the obvious failure of the admistration of the last nine years to conciliate the people, a civil administration and go-:ernmental reforms are introduced, while there probably would not be such an aggressive anti-Christian activity we must anticipate some restriction of Christian missions. It is evident that the most rigorous repression of demonstration is directed against Christians in those sections of the country where the Church is prominent.

The effect of the movement on mission work is equally problematiool, for the government, whil-e officially stating that they do not regard the missionaries as having any direct uesponsibility for this uprising, which took government and missionaries alike by surprise, seems to be making every effort in the examination of prisoners to fasten responsibility upon the missionary body. But the Koreans under examination uniformly insist that the missionaries are not connected with the movement.

A MOHAMMEDAN SCHOOL IN NORTH AFRI

Christianity in:';Tunis Past and Present BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS, NORTH AFRICA Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HE Phoenicians, with their offerings to Moloch and Baal- Ammon, passed away from the Mediterranean coasts to be replaced by the Romans and their deities. Among the Romans, however,. there appeared a little flock who worshipped the one true God, in the name of Jesus Christ, His Son.

There is no record as to how Christianity reached Carthage, though it is well known in church history that Perpetua, Felicita and other martyrs sealed their testimony in blood in the amphitheatre, the ruins of which are seen today. The ruins of the churches used by the Carthaginian Christians have also recently been unearthed, and it is well known that Augustine labored at Hippo with some success, for the Kabyles became professing Christians.

In the seventh century the Moslems, led by Okba, invaded North Africa and by the sword converted the people to Islam. Thus Christianity disappeared from North Africa.

In the center of the city of Tunis the minaret of the mosque Zetouna, which towers above the bazaars and houses, is said by some to be the ancient Spanish Cathedral of St. Olive. No longer is Jesus Christ spoken of there as the Son of God, and "the Sav- 669

iour of men; nor is the theology of the Bible taught in the college near by. To this college some 500 or 600 Moslem students come <,ypry year to study the Koran and Moslem tradition.

An Arab boy's education bpgins at the lcoutab or school under the direction of a rnmuldab or master. The school consists of one room situated generally near a marabout or saint's grave. Desks, spats and copy books are things unknown. The scholars, having ll'ft their shoes or slippers at the door, squat on a grass mat spread on the ground. After mastering the Arabic characters, the young pupil traces, with a reed pen on a piece of board smeared with a thin coating of clay, the first chapter of the Koran. He swings his body backward and forward, shouting his lesson at the top of his yoice and thus commits it to memory.

One can und0rstalld what a Babpl such a school is when some 20 or 30 scholars are memorizing ill this way at the same time. The Koran having been committed to memory after some five or six years study, the young man goes to the medressa or college to study the commentaries of the Koran grammar and syntax, logic and Moslem theology. It is all a matter of memory, they are not taught to think. At the end of four or more years the young Arab, having passed his examination successfully, may become a notary, a teacher or a writer in a government office. Further studies are necessary to become a judge, mufti( religious leader) or a professor. Wherever these young men go they carry with them some re- ligious influence. It is therefore of the greatest importance to evangelize them while they are in the city; otherwise they may return to their distant homes and never come in contact with a Ohristian missionary again. For this reason a special work is carried on among the students in Tunis. Some of their questions are foolish and their arguments are illogical and ignorant.

When all are quietly listening to God's plan of Salvation, an Arab may suddenly shout out: "What is written on the door of heaven ~" or, "",Vho is the father of Jesus OhrisH" or again: "Who is the greatest and last of the prophets 1"

In answer to the first question the Arabs say that the Moslem "witness" is written on the door of heayen: "There is no god but God and Mohammed is His prophet." I generally ask, "What is the use of knowing if there is anything written on the door of Paradise if you don't know the way there? The Bible tells us that the Lord Jesus is the way and this is more important than what is written on the door."

The Moslems deny that man is a free agent. Everything is Mektoub decreed. Thev say that God foresaw the fall of Adam and therefore ordained that he should partake of the forbidden fruit. This was necessary, they argue, in order that Adam and Eve

19191 tHRIS1'IANI'I'Y IN TUNIS- PAST AND PRESF:NT

THREE TUNISIANS CONV}:R'fE;D TO CHRISTIANITY might come down to the earth and people it, for the Arabs say that the garden of Eden was in heaven. Thus they make God employ evil in order to carry out His purposes and say that He decrees evil in order that good may come.

Moslems reject the Bible, first because they say that the early Ohristians tampered with it changing its meaning, and because all its teaching is found in the Koran. They deny the Deity of Ohrist, His atonement and redemptive work, and give first place to Mohammed, a man who had eleven wives, and professed to have special revelations commanding him to marry Zeinab, the divorced wife of Zied, his adopted Bon.

Moslems have a very lax idea of sin. Lies are permissible to get one out of a difficulty; a poor mali may steal in order that he may feed his family, and when a man kills his friend or companion in a fit of passion, it is declared mektoub, decreed.

Are there no converts to Christianity from Islam 1 Thank God, there are. Some converts have stood well, some are faulty and others have caused great sorrow. Our Bible depot keeper gives us much joy. One who is persecuted by his friends and is tempted by an inheritance has consequently gone back somewhat, while another has quite dishonored his profession of faith in Christ. The Gospel is being preached to all sorts and conditions of men, the educated Arab, the ignorant Sudanese; the students at the university and the illiterate workingmen, the old women and the young maidens. Who can tell what the harvest will be 1 As yet only the fringe· of the population of Tunis has been reached. Men willing to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ are needed to carry the news of salvation to camps and villages. With the decline of Moslem power, which is evident on every side, there is more freedom for the proclamation of the message of the Cross. A revival is needed in the home· churches to thrust out some as messengers of "good tidings" to this needy land.

THREE KABYLE MOSLEM STUDF<NTS IN A KORANIC SCHOOL The Student in the center is a daily reader of' the Bible

FUJI SPINNING MILLS IN TOYKO

'ren years ago this was an open field. Today this is one of eight mills employing 20,000 people.

The Need for Christ in Japan's Factories BY J. MERLE DAVIS, TOKYO, JAPAN Honorary Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I.

T HAT Ohrist is needed in the factories of Japan may be in- ferred from the need of Him in American and European mills. If our Western factory system with all its brutalities of overwork, under pay, child labor, and inadequate protection has flourished notwithstanding a Christian inheritance and atmosphere, we cannot be surprised at the presence of gross evils and a callous conscience in the Ohristless labor world of Japan.

With no adequate government legislation, with employers of labor accustomed to sacrifice the welfare of their working people to profiteering, with public opinion indifferent or ignorant of the solution of social problems, it would seem that the hope for Japanese labor lies in organizing for its own protection. However, since the heroic efforts of Katayama and his associates, twenty years ago, the combination of labor in any form has been an offense punishable by heavy penalties. Nor has the Japanese working man the protection of the franchise. He is helpless in the hands of capital, unable to utter a protest to the intolerable conditions imposed upon him, except the protest of revolution. An eloquent witness to this is the rioting of last August, when the cup of the people's wrath at the profiteering of rice brokers overflowed. At that time ~,OOO,OOO yen worth of property and many lives were lost in the only protest left to labor at inequalities imposed upon it. The 1,460,000 Japanese property owners are today making the laws and controlling the destinies of an empire of 70,000,000 souls.

A suffrage qualification of 10 yen property tax automatically 673

shuts out the men upon whose shoulders the nation's prosperity is depending,. from any share in self-determination.

On the other hand, along with the denial of opportunity the government is enforcing universal education. The worker may not vote, but he must learn how to read and write. Every child between six and ten is compelled to attend the primary school. The result is a higher percentage of literacy than is found in any other nation. The sources of knowledge concerning the economic, social and political status of Western labor is forced into the hands of the Japanese worker by the same paternal government which denies him any voice in regulating the conditions of his wealth-producing toil. Like the Jewish leaders of Christ's time, modern Japanese statesmen are attempting the impossible task of bottling new wine in old wine skins. Antiquated institutions and modern thought; universal education and a restricted ballot; democratic idealism and militarism; tpe leaven of universal brotherhood and a narrow nationalism; individualism and ancestor and emperor worship; industrialism, with its train of social and economic problems, and feudalistic conceptions of social relationlShips; low economic standards of daily life and wage and increasingly high economic demands of the world's markets; the unblushing immorality of the old order overlapping upon the moral requirements of the new. The pressure toward liberal id€'as, d€'mocracy, suffrage, women's rights, economic righteousness, labor unions and clean social standards is like a rising tide. No strengthening of old walls can hold it back:; every sign of Ht€' times points to the fact that the old bottles are bursting.

The defeat of Germany, with the discrediting of political and economic standards which she had been following, has greatly hastened the birth pangs of this nation. Stubbornly refusing, until the very last, to admit the possibility of Germany's overthrow, the military clique of Japan has, at length, admitted that the nation, for forty years, has been putting its money on the wrong horse. This admission is not an easy experience for a proud and. able people, but once made, will clear the way for sweeping changes in the national life. Christian leaders like Ebina Danjo and Kanamori Tsurin state their conviction that Japan is now to enter a period of openness to Christian truth and leadership of Christian ideals unprecented in her history. There is no question but that the triumph of Christian idealism in diplomacy and statecraft has moved this critical nation to a desire to know the sources of such ideals. One of the most far-reaching results of the world war mav be the demonstration on a nation-wide scale of the practicability and power of the spirit of Christ when applipd to int('rnationaI relationships.

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

For 250 fateful years Japan shut herself out from vitalizing contact with the rest of the world; while the nations of Europe and America were passing through a steady development of material, scientific and moral life, the Island Empire prided herself on a splendid isolation. Thus Japan has herself, alone, to thank for the present heavy handicap she is carrying in her race for the markets of the world. For the last half century she has been straining to overtake the long lead which her western competitors hold. That she has, in such a brief time, so nearly approximated to this apparently impm;sihl(' goal, is eloquent of the intelligence CLEANING UP AN ALLY IN THE SLUMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL QUARTER, TOKYO and ambition of her people. Heavily handicapped by lack of natural resources and low economic standards, she early saw that to hold a place of power among the nations, she must industrialize ll er life.

Today,Japan holds in her hands the material equipment of national power, but along with her factory-lined cities, her whirring mills and fleets of merchant ships have come as guests, unbidden to the feast, a whole hrood of unwelcome social and industrial problems, labor questions, questions of public sanitation, public rights and morals,-problems which she never bargained for in her hid for national power; problems with which she is poorly prepared to cope in any adequate manner.

That the Christian solution, as applied to these manifold proh- 1 ~;lI1s of the nation is the only hope for approximating to the life of hoI' si.ster nations of the West is the conviction of many of Japan's best friends and an increasing' number of her leaders.

Japan has been so long accepted as the land of kalE·idescopic change that the transformation is supposed to be complete. How- ever, evcli many leading Japanese and foreign residentH are un- aware of the amazing speed with which the metamorphosis is even now progressing. It is the high-powered factory, invadhlg every city in the land, which is responsible for this latest sweeping change in the nation's life. Japan, using American and Britil'lh bi~)'c1es, sewing machines, electric dynamos, locomotives, boots, cotton goods, and coal was an object of romatic interest and a valuable customer. But the romanc~ wears off when, today, Japan ll')t only produces her own coal, cotton goods, shoes, bicycleR, e]"c- tric machinery, and rolling stock, munitions, arms, leather, and glassware, but produces these and many other commodities in such volume as to step into the current of world trade as a competi- tor for the markets of all nations. Her vast arsenals, her grf~at shipyards, capable of launching battleships and merchant vessels equal in tonnage and speed to any ships afloat, her whirring looms, the mighty resources of power stored in her mountains, her cheap labor and favorable position for Asiatic and Pacific trade, all means that the Japan of the tea-house girl and samisen, the lacquered screen and lotus pond, is gone, and in place of th" silken-gowned, artistic gentleman there has stepped into the world lists a grimy-handed young giant, clad in grease-stained overalls, eager to measure strength with the champions of the West.

Nor can Japan turn upon the road which she, has chosen. An island empire, with a dfmsity of population of 359 to the square mile, with but one-seventh of her area capable of cultivation,and her people multiplying at the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, the nation has passed the point where agriculture can support the people. With very limited natural resources, flanked on either hand by Russia and America, jealously watching for every sign of military aggression, her exit to the South Seas barred by Australia, and her immigrants turned back from the doors of Canada, Australia and the United States, Japan is increasingly thrown upon her own intensive powers of development. There is only one possible form for this development to take,-the industrial and commercial.

In entering into competition with western labor, this island people find gq-ave conditions to overcome, many of which are common to industry the world over, but others peculiar to Japan alone. These cOIlditions constitute a serious handicap in her bid for world trade and power and need a Christian solution.

First among these conditions peculiar' to the industrialization of Japan is the phenomenal speed of her transformation from the agricultural stage. Forty-eight years ago, Japan had a mere handful of modern mills, while her foreign trade amounted to but

THE NEED FOR CHR1ST IN JAPAN 'S FACTORIES

THE SPINNING ROOM OF THll FUJI SPINNING COMPANY, TOKYO 48,559 yen, Last year she operated over 25,000 mills, and her foreign trade totalled above two and one-half billion yen, After more than ' a generation of experience as a debtor nation to the West, for the last four years Japan has turned the tables upon most of her former creditors and has played the role of creditor to America, England and Russia, 'I.'his bewildering speed in transforming the economic sources of her life has not given a normal period of adjustment to the new conditions of modern industrialism. Knowledge of high grade tools, the manipulation and ca're of intricate machines, the development of skilled mechanical traditions, the adjustment of output to the needs of the market, the assimilation, housing and welfare of the crowding workers in the cities, adequate legislation for factory life, and the adjustment of society to this new class of the population, are among the problems which r equire time for solution. This element of time has been omitted from Japan's industrial formula. It is not strange that the nation is bafHed in seeking a solution, nor that her growing pains have sorely weakened her development.

Second: The nearness of the nation to feudalism may be named as another of the striking factors which constitutes an industrial problem peculiar to Japan. No phase of the life of this people can be correctly appraised without full recognition of the lingering influence of the feudal system. But seventy years ago

the feudal princes of Japan were living on their great fiefs like miniature kings, each surrounded by his court, by his military retainers, and by larger or smaller groups of vassals in the towns and villages, who looked to their lord as the dispenser of justice and order, and the source of their prosperity and protection. In return for these Teal and imaginary favors, the loyal retainer gave military service and labor upon great public works. ,Vhen the central govel'1lment in Yedo, fearing the growing power of Lord Date, Daimyo of Sendai, summonded him to build half a mile of a difficult section of the castle moat, this prince called 7,000 of his retainers and for four years conducted their construction of the , mighty moat, now known as, '0 cha no mizu."

Under such conditions of mutuai interdependence, strikes aud lockouts were as improbable as were slum sanitation or questions of minimum wage and overwork.

The influence of this patemalistic relationship of lord and man still persists in some of the old-fashioned industries, and has been slow to disappear, with the result that strikes in the past have been almost unknown. But not so with the modern factory. Here, the government has not taken the place of feudal lord. Neither has the modern mill owner accepted the responsibility of the old Daimyo employer of labor.

With the breakup of the feudal system and the entrance of Japanese labor into the open market of competitive modern in- dustry, a most serious gap appears which neither government, employer, nor society in general has attempted to bridge. Into this unbridged chasm Japanese labor is falling, and with it the power and health and reputation of the nation is also in danger of falling, unless it is spanned by a new sense of responsibility on the part of Japanese society. Into the timbers of this crucial structure of the future, the spirit of Christ must build' itself in ways to arouse a new social conscience in matters of labor, the sanctity of womanhood and child life, and the rights of the producer to a fair share of the wealth he creates.

Third: Another result of the feudal regime is that a society accustomed to receive from its superiors its orders, its care and its occupation, and having lived for centuries in deeply grooved class lines, is both helpless and indifferent when faced with the social problems of the amlY of modern mill hands that clamor at the city gates. Public institutions for the defective and charity organizations did not flourish in old Japan. The sick, the defective, and the indigent were, to an amazing degree, cared for by the family or relatives. While seeming to eliminate' some of the most serious problems of modern society, this system placed an almost unbearable burden upon the homes of the nation and a heavy handicap upon its health and prosperity, Its practical effect has

THE NEED FOR CHRIS'f IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

been that the Japanese have not been trained to sense or to eolve society's needs. Intolerable conditions are existing among the slums and 'factories of the .cities which are not only unknown to great numbers of the most iutelligent and progressive citizens, including Christian leaders, but even when known arouse little more than a passing comment of regret or of curious interest. In a vast majority of cases, these conditions do not stir men to remedial measures nor to a fundamental study of conditions looking toward adequate legislation or the education of the public conscience. At this point, the education of a tender conscience 'in matters relating to individual and public welfare, the Gospel of Christ will find in the future one of its priceless gifts to Japan.

There is probably no other class of society in Japan more open to the gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and blessings of the gospel than the Japanese laborer. Usually from the country, the factory hand, on moving to the city, enters a class of society which has no recognized traditions or status in the eyes of the citizens. On leaving his mountain village, the influence of the ancestral shrine, and the appeal to the tutelary deity of his trade are left behind, while 'no god of the factory is substituted. The god of the world he now enters are steam and electricity, its faith is materialism and its shrines, shelter, untold power and wealth. The new-comer has also parted company with the social relationships that have hitherto moulded him and which have contributed to his sense of responsibility and self-respect. On entering the industrial quarters of the great city, no club or guild takes the place of the rural organizations to whose activities he has given so much of his spare time.

In this new world, with its overpowering evidences of greed and force and materialism, he easjly loses his sense of accounta~ bility, his identity, his former self-respect, and sinks to the level of his benumbing enviromnent, a mechanical atom, matching his vitality against that of the tireless machine which he tends~ Like water seeking the lower levels, the flood of factory workers from the country districts pour into the low lying slums and tenements which abound in the industrial districts. Here may be found housing conditions which give rise to a whole brood of moral, sanitary and welfare problems, which this article can only barely indicate in passing.

One such typical slum district in the famous East Side of Tokyo has been made the subject of a careful government survey. Of its eleven hundred families, 66.4% are living in one-room tenements, nine feet square and 375 of these families occupy homes which average six feet square. WDen it is considered that the average family in this district numbers five persons and that more than half are keeping single laborers, as "roomers", some

idea of the congestion may be had. Over 3,500 workers without families are boarding in this one small district. No wonder that under such housing conditions, illegitimacy thrives. Not a few of these homes maintain their identity by the efforts of the mother alone, the children each acknowledging a different father, who comes back to lodge as convenience or fancy may impel.

The fact that most of the East Side of rrokyo lies below the level of the highest tides means periodic, wide-spread inundations, which bring added misery to these wretched districts, which are practically never dry, slime standing under the thin floors, in the shallow gutters and over the surface of the alleys most of the year.

The output of crime, disease, deficiency, degeneracy, pauperism and immorality from such conditions is very large. There are nine such districts on the East Side of Tokyo, alone, and as yet, with the exception of the Salvation Army, no adequate Ohristian remedial institutions to bring the joy and cleansing power of the gospel.

Ohrist's keynote of the value of the individual man is of paramount importance for the labor world of Japan. Not the individual, but the family, the clan, the state is the unit of Japanese society. The rights of the person are negligible as compared with the larger group. A vast modern factory system, employing labor by the hundred thousand, breaks down when built upon this conception of society. It is a slow evolution for mill owners to recognize the individual worker and his welfare as the key to the welfare of. his mill and of the nation. Only Ohrist can adequately supply this conception in the teaching that each laborer is a child of God, and, what is fully as important, the impelling motivf' power for applying its implications. Without such a reconstructed vision of the central value of each worker, Japan's industrial future is doomed, for she cannot continue to burn over her fields of human resources, in the prodigal fashion. of the last decade, without irretrievable loss.

Japanese modern industry is unique in the phenomenal proportion of female labor employed. Some careful estimates place the proportion of women and girls as three-fifths of the total. The vast cotton and silk spinning and weaving mills are responsible alone for· half a million girl employees. Thirty-four thousand are laboring in coal mines, while women and girls tend the machines of a dozen different modern industries. Three-fifths of these workers are under twenty years of age, and 10% are children between 12 and 15. These spinning and weaving industries are exacting a heavy toll from the health of the nation. It is estimated that 250,000 girls are drawn annually from country homes to the city mills, attracted by the high wages, steady employment and the lure of city life. The life in these factories is little removed from

THE NEED FOR CHRIST IN JAPAN'S FACTORIES

AN AUTUMN FLOOD IN TOKYO SLUMS AFTER A HEAVY STORM slavery. The remark of one mill managel' to the writer, "We own the bodies, minds and souls of these girls," being only too true. Sold by parents for terms of from two to four years, the girls receive only 20% of their wages, the balance being sent to the parents, who are often paid ~ lump sum in advance for the year's toil of the daughter. Seventy per cent of these women workers live in dormitories within the factory compound, never leaving the premises save two or three afternoons a month and then in charge of a foreman or attendant. This forethought on the part of the management is not for the protection of the girls, but to keep them from running away, as considerable numbers do at their first opportunity.

Work in the large city mills lasts from twelve to fourteen hours, but in many of the more remote provincial factories, fifteen, sixteen and even seventeen hours per day at the looms is not infrequently exacted.

Night work, prohibited by la,v, is still common in not a few factories and makes serious inroads upon health. In mills where night work is the rule, the women on the day and night shifts are often obliged to share the same bed, which is neither aired nor dusted, as the weary night worker takes the place of the girl who rises for the day shift. Such conditions, naturally, greatly accelerate the. national predilection towards tuberculosis.

Few can long stand the strain, the monotony, the ceaseless roar of the looms and the unsanitary surroundings for more than a year. A turn-over of sixty-six percent each year and an estimated

sickroll wastage among those returning home of from 10 to 15 per cent are facts more eloquent than words of, not only the economic loss, but the price in human health and vitality which the nations is paying for its factory output.

Japan's factories differ widely in the attention paid by the management to the moral and social welfare of their employees. The best mills, like the Kanegafuchi and the Fuji companies, each employing over twenty thousand hands, take pride in their care for the health and the moral and recreational life of the girls in their employ. These mills are justly the pride of the country and are frequently shown to foreign visitors. Not so with the mills of the country t0W11S. These remote centers, far removed from the government inspector's eye and run on old-fashioned principles are occasionally centers of frightful physical and moral evils, overseers and wardens holding the girls in virtual moral slavery, even compelling the day hands to act as public prostitutes at night. One expert in factory conditions states that it is not uncommon for one-half of the girls in a mill to lose their virtue within the first year of their employ. It is in the sad lives of these toiling daughters of Christless Japan that the blessings of the Gospel are needed more than among anyone class of the people today.

The future of Japan as a great power is, as never before, depending upon the integrity and the efficiency of her working classes. Why is it that Japanese-made goods so often do not meet the requirements of western markets ~ Why do American firms reject certain Japanese products, and make from Japanese raw material and Japanese patterns their own goods 1 Why has Japan already lost so many of the markets gained during the early years of the wad '1.'he answer is not difficult to one who knows the status of Japanese labor. This nation can no more hope to win in the world race for markets, on the basis of underfed, overworked, immoral and helpless factory hands than she can hold back the tides which wash her shores. A mediaeval conception of exploited humanity, colored with the fatalism of Eastern philosophy can never stand before the highly organized, individualized ranks of Western labor, bulwarked with democracy and the concept of life's values which Christ has given to the Anglo-Saxon nations. The Christ who bears burdens, who brings hope to -colorless lives, who cleans up homes and neighborhoods, who cares for the health and joys of little children, who takes a vital interest in the status of labor and who stands for the rights of sanctity of womanhood will profoundly affect the Japanese labor world. Such an interpretation of Christ will equally move all classes of society, for by such activities, alone, will the Japanese nation adequately begin to understand the meaning of Christianity.

OF THE KONDA HUTS ATTACKED AT

An African Autobiography A Fragment by Daniel Uhlane, a Christian Convert PRESENTED BY REV. DONALD FRASER, NYASALAND Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Livingstonia Mission Chapter II-First Contact with the White Men When the Europeans came to the country I was still a lad. They called me to work in their .house, and I washed the dishes, and made the beds, and stood by them when they ate. Dr. Elmslie was my master.

I began also to learn to read the primer. But in those days it was difficult to learn, for the chiefs would not allow the people to be taught. So men wondered that I should stay with the Europeans. They said, "You are foolish to live with strange people. Those are fish out of the Lake. They are not men like us."

And they asked me at home, "Do the white people sleep as we do? Have they habits like ours ~ Their clothes fill us with wonder."

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So they'plied me with questions. But to me the most awful thing was when the Europeans prayed. I was amazed to see them speak alone as to themselves. Among us it was a forbidden thing to speak to oneself. We said such an one was a sorcerer. So I trembled when they prayed, for I thought, "See there is no other one in this secret place. They are talking to themselves."

At last my fear took so great a hold of me I could stay no longer. I went to Dr. Elmslie and asked to be allowed to return to my own village. The doctor refused, and his wife said: "We love to have you here. I do not wish you to go away." I plead to be allowed to go for a little while, but she answered, "I would love to teach you until you can read a book just as well as I can."

But at these words I was more terrified than ever, for I thought, "She wants me to be like herself, and to talk alone. Then everyone will fear me, for I shall be reckoned a sorcerer."

I agreed to stay, but only with the intention of running away, as soon as an opportunity occurred. I saw now that the doctor and his wife were keen to teach me. They used to ask me in the evening to pray along with them. But when they prayed, I took care not to.

My fear only grew, for I dreaded that my companions in the village should hear that I prayed along with the Europeans, and that I should be labeled a sorcerer. So one day I asked to go home, promising to return quickly. This was agreed to, but they said, "Gome back in the evening." I answered that I would, but I was as sly as the owl when it talked round the bat. The doctor and his wife, however, would not do without me.

When they saw that I did not return, they sent to my uncle, and asked him to send me back. This he did, saying that the white man was anxious for me to work in his house.

At this time the other chiefs separated themselves frum our Moho villages. They said: "The Moho people invited the white men in. Now they are demanding their children. Wait a bit, when the Europeans return to their own country they will carry away these Moho children. Then the fathers will come to us and say, 'See, they have carried away our children.' But we will answer, 'Whose blame is it? You invited them into the country_' "

But the missionaries grew bolder and taught openly. A little class met on·the verandah of their house. There were six of us in it. Our teacher was Mr. MacIntyre. He had only the stump of a first finger. When he began to teach, he said, "What is this~" pointing to a letter of the alphabet. But seeing his little stump of a finger, I burst out laughing. He rose angrily to thrash me,

AN AFRICAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

TUMBUKA SPIRIT 'l'EMPLES INTO WHICH OFFERINGS OF "mAL OR BEER WERE PUT but I jumped aside, ran into a house, and turned the key in the lock. Dr. Elmslie was called, and he rebuked me, saying, "You must not do this again, but try to learn all your teacher tells. Some day you will receive good things, and then you will be glad you listened."

New when I heard this, I said to myself, "What good things are these he talks abouU Is it sugad" He says, "When you understand you will eat good things."

So I went back to my fellows, and said to them: "The European has told me not to laugh when I am being taught, for when I understand, he will give me good things, I think he means sugar, the white man's beer. I know how sweet it is, for I have tasted it when I was washing the dishes." We all agreed to learn diligently. But the doctor was talking of the everlasting good. Alas ! We were so blind that we feared without cause, and wished to grow up in our ignorance. Many days, however, had not passed when the chief closed down our school, saying that he did not wish his people to become cowards, and useless for war. Now William Koyi (Mtusune was his native name) in his public teaching had said:

"~angoni, listen to my words. Give over war, and what you seek, we shall help you to find. Live in peace, and God will be with you, and you will be His people. Once I was such as you, but now I belong to God."

But the Ngoni had answered, "If a man calls the people together, is he to talk to them, and receive no answer? Let us speak." Then up rose the orator Nkwelula, and spoke thus, "Yes, we have heard. Some of the words are good, but you say that God forbids us to war. There you lie. Whom are the people to fear? When were the Ngoni ever defeated? You speak of the things we desire, where are they to come from 1 Listen, lads, Mtusane lies when he says that God does not approve of war. In our wars we worship God. If he allows ~s, we destroy a stockade, and take cattle and goats; if He forbi.ds, we are unable to enter the stockade. But when He approves great is our fame among people. So when Mtusane speaks of war, he lies. But all he has said about adultery, and lying, and theft is true. For we know that if a man is a thief, or adulterer, he will be killed when he goes to fight. There he speaks the truth, but as for war, he lies."

Nevertheless, we went on learning, for we had already been ostracized, and there was no place in the tribe for us. We were derisively called "The Bricks," for we were helping to build the European's house. When we went to join in the dances of the people, they cried, "Clear out. We don't want to see the white man's folk. If we allow them, they will draw us also to be with them."

One of our number was bold enough to join them openly in the dance, and shortly afterwards he was killed on the path. This frightened the children, and none of them would come to be taught. When we attempted to enquire into the murder of our friend, the people jeered at us, and said: "Consult your books, and your white men. They should be able to tell you who killed your friend. We won't." One day shortly after this I was in the white man '8 house set- ting out the table, and the doctor was lying in bed very ill. Suddenly I heard a rush of people outside, and women fleeing to NJuyu hill. They cried out that a war party wason its way to kill the Europeans and the people of Mop.o who had befriended them. I roused the doctor, and though he was very ill, he went out, and climbing an ant-hill, he looked through his glasses. In the distance he saw a regiment on the march. It was not making for the mission house, but for another village of Moho, where it seized the cattle and goats, and tlwn returned to Ekwendeni, whence it had come.

(To be contintle(l)

Forty-Five Years After

BY REV. ALFRED C. WRIGHT, GUADALAJARA, MEXICO I -N 1872, following up the splendid opening made by Miss Melinda Rankin of the American and Foreign Ohristian Union, mission- aries were sent to Guadalaja'ra, Mexico, and in spite of the bitterest opposition of the Roman Oatholics, converts were gained and groups of evangelical believers were established in many different points in the Isurrounding country, which is one of the most thickly inhabited agricultural regions of the Republic.

Early in 1874, one of the missionaries of the American Board, Rev. John L. Stephens, went f'rom Guadalajara to Ahualulco, where a small- group received him cordially. He Tented a house on the central plaza for services and for a night school, and was rapidly gaining the sympathy and the active cooperation of a considerable number of the people.

The parish priest, however, was aroUised by his success, openly denounced him from the pulpit, forbade his own flock to have any dealings with the Protestants, and burned in the plaza such Bibles and evangelical literature as he could lay hands upon. Not satisfied with these measures, he incited the people to mare definite action. Getting together a mob of the most fanatical and ignorant. after furnishing them freely with intoxicating liquo'r, he sent them out at midnight to attack the house of the missionary.

Aroused by the stoning of his door and by the shouts of the mob, with his Bible in· his hand, Mr. Stephens climbed to the roof, together with the Mexicans who we're with him in the house. The door wrus soon broken down and the mob rushed in. Others had gained entrance from the back, and among them were seveTal of the town guards dreiSsed in uniform. Stephens, thinking that these would protect him, climbed down and appealed to them, but was felled by the stroke of a mache~e, and was hO'rribly cut to pieces by the infuriated mob.

Later his Mexican helper, Jesus Islrus, was found and murdered; and a blind boy, who had been the innocent recipient of kind attentions from Stephens, was brutally killed. The p'riest who instigated the crime escaped, but the government arrested three hundred of the mob and retained one hundred of them for formil trial, of whom twenty were convicted. About eight were executed and the rest were sentenced to imprisonment for life.

This was forty-five years ago. Has Mexico changed in these years 1 On March 2, 1919, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Stephens, the missionari('s at Guadalajara were invited by the * From the Missionary Herald.

687

church at Ahualulco to attend a commemorative service such as is held each year on this date. The house in which the crime was perpetrated wa:s secured for mission premises soon after the scene described, the owner contributing about half of its value for that purpose. A congregation was soon formed, first under the American Board, subsequently transferredlo the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South, and has just been turned over again to the American Board, in accordance with the new cooperative plan of mission work now being inaugurated in Mexico.

While the carnival which precedes Lent was at its height, with services crowding the great church to its capacity and with hundreds of adherents, chiefly pure Indians, kneeling in the open court and out to the middle of the street; although many devotees had taken advantage of the open booths on the plaza, devoted to the sale of liquor, to get drunk; and although they promenaded the plaza in front of the evangelical church with bands of music and songs, yet not a word offensive to the Protestants was heard.

The church proper was not used on this occasion, rus it was not a strictly religious service, though held on Sunday night. But the extensive corridor at one side was draped with evergreen. a large picture of the martyred Stephens was surrounded with wreaths, a platform for ispeakers was arranged at one side, and an orchestra of five pieces was employed to provide the music. A vivid description of the events leading up to the assassination and of the event itself was read, and there, followed an address by the director of the public schools, not an evangelical, but a warm sympathizer, recitations, and music by the orchestra.

The influence of evangelical Ohristianity in that place may be judged from the fact that two of the mOist highly esteemed of the public school teachers are graduates of our Instituto Oolon, and the director of schools and his wife were educated under evangelical influences. A former student of the Collegio Internacional is employed in the office of the tax collecto'r; and two other graduates of Instituto Colon and of a training school for nurselS at San Antonio, Texas, are considered the best medical authorities of the place, and are busy constantly with ~patierits rrom all classes of society.

These two trained nUI'lses have offered their services to the mission, free, for two hours daily, to direct a clinic and dispensary in a room now being built as an addition to the mission property. The poor will be treated f'ree of charge and medicines will be provided at cost to those needing such aid, while religious instruction will be given to all who apply there for treatment. It is proposed to name the Toom "Sala de Ou.raciones Stephens," in memory of the first martyr of evangelical Ohrilstianity in Mexico.

Appeal from

A RCHBISHOP PLATON, the senior surviving Bishop of the Russian Church and the Metropolitan of Kherson and Odessa, who spent seven years of his life in America, has now come over from Russia to ask help for his people against the Bolshevism that has brought ruin to Church and State. While Archbishop Platon is asking help for his own Church, and has never been sympathetic to the evangelical Christian work in Russia, it is of real interest to read bis plea; and the plight of the Russian Church should lead to prayer that through this affliction the Church may come to true spiritual life. The Russian Church is today the strongest organized force against Bolshevism, infidelity, anarchy, immorality, and the attendant evils so rife in Russia. The awful sufferings of the Jews at the hands of Russian churchmen in past days are now being visited on the Church, whose buildings are destroyed and whose priests and people are persecuted. f;lynagogues are spared in regions where the Bolsheviki are in power.

ARCHBISHOP PLATON'S APPEAL The wrath of God, justly directed against us, continues to be poured forth on Russia. The exceeding great distress of the Christian Russian nation has reached its climax. The Russian people, numbering over two hundred million souls, is perishing. No human power or words can describe the affliction and horrors of the Russian tragedy of today. The history of the world has nothing on record to compare with it. The faith of a most r~ligious people has been humiliated, derided, profaned. One half of the educated class, small at best, have been massacred. Russian women, of the type described by Pushkin, Turgeneff and other masters of Russian literature, have been violated and dishonored. Children have been mercilessly butchered. The machinery of government has been destroyed. Agriculture and industry have been deranged. The finances of the country have been completely exhausted.

I pray you to support and succor a great nation, even if you cannot save it from destruction. Help it by your prayers to God on behalf of the most unhappy of countries. . . . Prevail upon your fellow-countrymen to help an unfortunate people, who have fallen into the hands of thieves (Luke x, 15). Call upon your charitable societies and organizations speedily to assist the Russian people. Persuade your women to help by their sympathy, to dry the bitter tears of Russian mothers, sisters and daughters, who have been cruelly violated by monsters from hell in the shape of human beings ….

To the calamities of the Russian people already enumerated, still another is now being added-the most awful of all-HUNGER. The most fertile of lands, the erstwhile granary of the world, has been turned into a land of famine under the rule of the Bolsheviki. People are dying from exhaustion. Epidemics are raging. There are no medicines.

It is not possible that Russia's present downfall represents the end of 689

her history. Russia will yet play a great part in the activities of the world. Only let her fulfil her historic part as your friend and ally, let her not desert to the camp of your enemies, for she has only yielded to necessity and. does not accept her present fate as final. . . .

Russia is now an enormous prison, shut off from the whole world by a broad and lofty wall. More than two hundred million people are immured within that prison-people who are, as you know, kind-hearted, simple, politically youthful and inexperienced in the negative qualities of world politics; a nation deceived, a nation wilfully and deliberately poisoned and drugged. In this prison they are being tortured, racked and tormented. Why do your nurses and men workers now not hasten to Russia, the land where torture, torment, suffering and death have been legalized under fine-sounding, socialistic and communistic phrases? The only reply to that question, which I can imagine, is that you are not acquainted with the actual conditions prevailing in Russia. Continue and enlarge at all costs the splendid work accomplished by your Young Men's Christian Association on behalf of our suffering prisoners and also on behalf of our soldiers and other young men.

The Russians are critically ill, but they are not yet beyond the hope of recovery. Russia's sickness is severe, but it is not deep-rooted. Bol- shevism was imported into Russia. The first to be inflicted with Bolshevism were those Russians who had severed their connection with their native land, who were imbued with the most violent anger towards their native land, for various reasons. Bolshevism captivated the youth of Russia, especially those who were at the front during the last stages of Russia's participation in the great war. Bolshevism also won the sympathies of a section of our unorganized industrial workers, and of a certain proportion of our peasantry, who certainly had just cause to complain of their unenviable lot. These, however, represent only a small percentage of Russia's inhabitants, who number more than two hundred million souls. The overwhelming majority of native born Russians are terrorized, or are simply holding their peace for the present. They are disgusted with the reign of terror which has been set up in Russia, and under which the whole land is groaning. . . .

The Russian people are not yet organically infeeted. They are in the throes of a violent fever; they are burning and shivering in its paroxysms, but they will speedily recover, if only their faithful Allies will help them. Help and save the unhappy Russians, who, although humiliated, despised and dishonored, are verily great and fine, even in their ruin. . . .

Sooner or later, Russia will rise again, but she will never forget it if America abandons her in her hour of grievous suffering. In like manner she will never forget it if America helps her.

This stirring plea is wholly for physical help. Russia needs relief for body and soul, and the only power that will save Russia is the spiritual help which thus far the authorities of the Russian Church have refused to receive from the Christian forces of America and England. The Russian Church is being aroused b~cause of their intense physical and political distress. This may, perchance, be the means of awakening in them the sense of their spiritual need.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards GLEANINGS FROM THE SUMMER CONFERENCES N ever did any other year have so many Summer Conferences so large:y attended as has 1919. From one conference alone two hundred registration fees had to be returned because there was 110 more room. The REVIEW is l1!ad to pass on some choice things from some of the conferences, which will be suggestive to leaders of smaller conferences and to the local churches.

FIRST AND LAST, PRAYER auditorium in which the meetings were held and the assembly room ONE strong feature of the seven in which meals were served had conferences conducted by the In- their walls transformed by charts ter church World Movement was the which spoke striking and eloquent spiritual emphasis, directed by Mr. messages. These charts may be W. E. Doughty, Associate General secured for use at other conferences Secretary. Weeks before the con- from Mrs. Horace M. Hill. The ference date each leader received sets of posters issued by the Couna card giving a call to prayer for cil of Women for Home Missions the conferences. As each delegate and the Federation of Women's registered, a call to prayer was Boards of Foreign Missions have mailed with the registration card. been in. convincing evidence at all. There was a daily period of in- the conferences. These may be tercession in each conference which obtained at fifty cents a set from was spent not in talking about denominational boards. prayer but in praying. Little groups kept Morning Watch on the One poster which attracted much heights of the Blue Ridge Mountains attention was home made and called in North Carolina, on hillside and by to the study of the text book the lake at Silver Bay, New York, "A Crusade of Compassion." On down on the beach at Ocean Park, a large sheet of card board was Maine, on the mountain peaks at pasted a picture of an ambulance Estes Park, Colorado, by Lake Gen- and a Red Cross nurse. Underneath eva, in Visconsin, and in the beau- were printed the words, "After ties of the early morning in Asilomar, Red Cross and War Work-What? California and Seabeck, Washington. The Crusade of Compassion," fol- To each delegate at an of these lowed by an announcement of a conferences, at the last session a card study class and an invitation to was handed for "The Homeward join. Way." The card gave a beautiful poem of consecreation together with The Christian Americanization an outline of prayer for the home- Charts made by Miss Brenda Mehlward journey. house utilized in a very clever and effective way the patriotic emblems POSTERS AND CHARTS and border effects obtained from rolls of crepe paper. A roll of Among the most attractive posters crepe paper, a jar of paste, some and charts seen during the summer striking fact from "Christian Amerwere those made by Mrs. Horace icanization" together with a little in- M. Hill and displayed first at the genuity wiII give atmosphere as well Minnesota School of Missions. The as information to any meeting.

691

HUMANIZING THE AUTHOR that tin shop she sped with eager feet. No one being in charge to "Belle J. Allen, M. D., author" wait on her, she lifted the knife looked like a star from another to cut off th€i strip of tin and cut off world to the girls in a summer her finger instead. conference. The "M. D." was enough to command respect. The "author" "It's all over now. Her recovery was rapid, both from the amputaadded a bit of awe, as they gazed tion and from the infatuation for at the text book "A Crusade of Com- curls. If she had been successful passion," and the years of service in who knows what might have hap- Japan and India put her on a pin- pened to her. Failing in her effort nacle that seemed absolutely un- she turned her attention from curls approachable. Then there was a to weightier matters with such emifore finger missing from one hand nent success that 'Belle' became the which added the last touch of mys- lady to whom I now have the tery and reverence. There were var- pleasure of introducing you, Dr. ious rumors afloat about that finger. Belle J. Allen the distinguished au- Some said that it had become in- thor of our text book 'A Crusade fected during an operation that of Compassion.''' saved the life of a Hindu widow. Some suggested one form of sacri- It was a bit disappointing to have ficial service and some another to to give up the rumors of the noble account for it. One even dared to sacrifice of that finger on the altar go so far as to say that it had of missionary service and quite a been bitten off in a thrilling mis- descent from the thrill of the tiger in the jungle to the shudder of the sionary adventure with a tiger in knife in the tin shop, but the. rethe jungle. straint was gone and the girls of the conference, flocked eagerly and un- Meanwhile the distinguished au- derstandingly around its humanized thor walked apart and the girls re- author. garded her with awe-until she was humanized by a daring friend who A MOHAMMEDAN INCIDENT had inside information on her pre- At the Silver Bay Missionary Edmissionary proclivities. ucation Conference the crowds were "Once upon a time" said she gathering for the evening pageant. They were reluctant to leave the "there was a little girl whose name beauty of the outdoors till the signal was Belle. Her hair was as straight should call within. In such a still as is the path the needle doth point moment the figure of a Mohammeto the Pole. With longing eyes she dan mullah appeared in the tower looked at the beautiful curls which of the auditorium and from the clustered about the heads of some wide opening tn the belfry intoned of her companions while her own the monotonous call to prayer, "La locks hung limp and straight. That allaha-illa-'llahu, Mohammed Raswas before the day of electric curl- ulu ?-Alah-with each cadence raisers and magic waves, so Belle sat ing the pitch or lowering it, as the her down and sighed. Then one custom is. Just as this white turby one she saw certain of her school baned mullah appeared aloft, four mates whose hair was wont to be turbaned Mohammedans were seen straight as her own appear with strolling across the lawn below. At glorious ringlets. She was told that the call to prayer these four immethese wonderful curls were achieved diately spread their prayer rugs, and, by winding the hair around strips of one in front, three in a row behind, tin which might be procured at the all facing towards Mecca went thrice tin shop near by. At last Belle through the prayers and genuflections saw her dream about to be realized. Dazzling visions of herself with bewitching curls, rose before her. To

1919J BEST METHODS

appointed for a pious devotee of World Movement, 111 Fifth Ave., Islam. "Picture Department" for informa- The demonstration caught the eye, tion about securing these slides. the ear and the imagination and will On the last night of the confer- scarcely be forgotten by any. The mullah was Prof. John Clarke Ar- ence a beautiful exercise was given cher of Yale, recently returned from by the choir. The girls marchd several months service in Mesopo- in Processional, two by two, then tamia where such scenes, save for separated making an aisle the length the stretch of green grass, might of the auditorium through which have been fairly duplicated. One marched a second group bearing the of the four devotees was evidently flags of the nations, as they ascenda Chinese Mohammedan, from his ed to the choir seats, those bearing dress. As for the others, truth to the flags stood in a row. When the tell, costumes, turbans and prayer notes of the "Star Spangled Banner" rugs were satisfactorily improvised were struck, above them was unfrom the bedrooms. Why should furled a beautiful American flag we not honor the beholders by asking held by two girls. Then the music something of their imaginations? A changed to "The Son of God goes suggestion will do for costume-a forth to war," and above all the towel, a tablecloth, a piece of car- flags was uplifted a beautiful white pet. The result was such an un- cross, as the voices of the girls hurried, careful imitation; and three sang "Who follows in His Train," times repeated, as' permitted of par- The exercise was both impressive ticular observation by the hundreds and inspiring and can easily be adaptof beholders. If part of missionary ed to a program for a local church. education is to give our people to understand how others live, such a Another good suggestion was an scene has real value. impersonation of that familiar little poem, "The Madonna of the Curb," MILES B. FISHER. having one girl to recite the poem while a smaller girl with a little child HOME MISSIONS AT NORTHFIELD in her arms sat on an improvised curb. The poem may be secured By Alma Noble from the denominational literature Christian Americanization was of headquarters. course the keynote. It was stressed and it was visualized in many ways Other material for effective imper- sonation may be had from "Helping * and from many angles. the Helpless in New York," (pub- "The new Democracy," a very effective yet simple pageant was lished by Revell Co.). "The Hapgiven on the lawn of the Northfield piest Plan" is a pretty little play got- Hotel one afternoon and should be ten out by the Baptist Board for given in every church this year. Young Women. Ruth's Donation For detailed information about the Party, published by the Missionary. pageant apply to Miss May Huston, Education Movement is charming Ford Building, Boston, Mass. for children.

Then there were the stereopticon The conference abounded in praclectures. The one prepared by the heal suggestions for the expression of Interchurch World Movement pre- friendliness and neighborliness tosented most convincingly the call for ward the hosts of new Americans. united advance in Christian Amer- with Christianity as the center and icanization. closipg with "0 beautiful source of all activities. Pageants and for spacious skies," superbly illus- programs had a place in making an trated. Apply to the Inter church impression. but the impulses thus * Published by Ihe Council of Women for stirred were not allowed to go into Home Mission$, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. cold storage.

They were foI!owed up by prac-

tical plans for actual work in Chris- There could hardly be conceived a tian Americanization. more opportune year than 1919 to demonstrate the value of all civilizing REACHING THE UNREGISTERED influences in the missionary enter- prise. Soldiers from India to the At the Minnesota School of Mis- number of 1,250,000; coolie laborers sions the influence was widely ex- from China, 200,000 strong, looked tended by two mass meetings for upon new and strange sights in h!Ung women held, one in St. Paul, France. Through their eyes Asia the other in Minneapolis during the must catch a new vision of social summer school dates and addressed life, of industries, of education, of l>y two of their speakers. Hundreds womanhood, of the western religion, of young women who were not in -Christianity. To truthfully por- regular attendance at the school were tray the letters dictated to nurses, reached with the missionary message doctors and chaplains by the men to in this way. their families back home; to give us glimpses of the home circles in Mrs. A. G. Moody very effectively many a village listening with wonextended the influence of the North- derment to the stra{lge tales of refield Conference by sending invita- turned men-this is Kipling's purtions to the presidents of missionary pose in his graphic sketches-using societies of her own and ten adjoin- his suggestive descriptions in two ing counties to come to Northfield scenes, and other information for for an all day picnic on one of the the third, the following presentation conference days. In the morning a was effectively produced. special session was held. In the afternoon there were talks by mission- SCENE I aries and conference speakers. Many leaders can reach a much larger cir- Hospital in England. A Sikh solcle by taking thought on these two dier, wounded in France, convasuggestions in planning meetings. lesCing, is moved to "let off the fumes of my heart" to his farmer CLASS HYMNS brother in Kashmir. A doctor writes One new feature at a half dozen for him, a nurse is in attendance. or more of the Conferences was The themes which fill the man's the singing of the hymns written by mind "as a buffalo is full of water," Laura Scherer Copenhaver, especially range from agriculture to religion. for use in connection with the study He directs that the elders of his of two of the text books. village be told all his thoughts. Each day after the study of the text books the hymns were sung SCENE II more earnestly. These hymns-UA Crusade of Compassion Hymn" and An Afghan village just over the "A Hymn of Christian Americaniza- Indian border. A family receive and tion" may be had from Literature take counsel over a letter from a son Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg, Phil- in "FranceviIle." It is serious for it bears upon the education and maradelphia, Fa. at one cent a copy or riage of his thirteen-year old sister, ten cents a dozen. They may be- Kamala. He begs that her betrothal come a worth while part of classes be delayed and that she be sent large or small. over the border to the mission school, for he has seen that girls too can THE EYES OF ASIA "read and write and cast accounts." The stories of Kipling, gathered in book form under this· title. suggested SCENF, III a timely demonstration to appeal to eye-gate and to illustrate the fruit- A village in China. Ding Wong age of the war as regards missions.

nEST METHODS

returns limping-, "a mere trifle," for Northfield Service Flag was pre- he brings wonderful news to his sented. Standing out from its backgrandmother, mother, wife and neigh- ground of red below the arms, and bors, with gifts also. He has dis- blue above was a large white cross. covered that the secret of greatness On the red ground there were one in western nations is the Book and hundred stars representing former he has learned in the camp school conference delegates who had gone to read it. He is determined to out to the foreign field. On the realize two ideals-that of his wife blue ground were three stars of· reading to him as his nurse read in gold. for those who had died in France, and that of all the village serVIce. knowing the Book and its God. The flag was made of silk and will The demonstration can be obtained in the Fall at the headquarters be displayed at each annual conferof the various Boards under the ence with new stars added each year. title given above. Many delegates made note of this presentation of the service flag and MRS. C. H. DANlJi;LS. will have similar flags for their home chtirches or for conferences, HANGING A SIGN and state and district organizations. Ihe flags may be obtained from Everyone is looking for forceful denominational houses or may be ways of presenting "The Crusade of easily made. Compassion" with its call for Christian doctors and nurses. At a num- AN AMBULANCE FOR VELLORE ber of conferences a simple dramatic given after one rehearsal made an As a gift from the Northfield Conappeal not soon to be forgotten. ference the first ambulance is to go to the Women's Union Medical Col- It is entitled "Hanging A Sign" lege at Vellore, India. To tum from and presents a young American doc- ambulances and supplies for war tor with her diploma and her profes- work to similar necessities for missional sign in hand looking for the sion work seemed so natural that best place' to hang it. Bids are as soon as the need was mentioned entered by the various non-Christian gifts poured in until $2,500 was nations that her sign be hung in given. A cablegram was sent to Dr. their lands. Some of the facts of Ida Scudder, in charge of the Vellore the text book are used to advantage. College, that the ambulance was on It closes with an appeal from the the way. Women of the East to the Women of the West which. at Northfield When, after the meeting, the chairwas given by Mrs. Emrich of Tur- man and treasurer counted the money key in a way never to be forgotten and checks they discovered that a by those who heard it. mistake of $100 had been made in the accounting and report in the The presentation requires only auditorium. about fifteen minutes and it could be given at the beginning or the close Upon reaching home the chairman of a program. It might be given received a letter from a friend who effectively at a meeting of doctors had not been present at the meetor nurses, a student meeting, or at ing and who knew nothing of the any local meeting.* ambulance, but who enclosed a check for one hundred dollars saying she UNFURLING A SERVICE FLAG felt impelled to send that gift for some special need. One of the most impressive moments of the Northfield Foreign HOUSE PARTIES ALSO Missions Conference was when the House parties in the interest of ~es may be had for 10 cents from Lit- everything else, why not house parerature HeadQuartersJ 84~ Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

ties in the interests of missions? unconsciously we have appropriated The Ocean Park, Me., Confer- as an approach for Americans only ence makes a special feature of house to their God.

parties. The "Dover Red Coats" Herein lies a suggestion for an were much in evidence, while "The "International Night" in some of 'Jur Blue Birds" with their emblem of local churches, which have wiiilin happiness on white hats and sleeves reach students and peoples frc)m and the cosy cottage they termed many lands.

"The Nest," combined all the de- lights of a well chaperoned house A NEW PAGEANT ON THEYEAR·S party with all the privileges of the THEME Conference. House parties in con- A pageant entitled "The St1 iking nection with other Conferences offer of America's Hour"* on the ·.heme undreamed of possibilities. Some for the year, "Christian Americanizahosts or hotesses who wants a bound- tion and Human Conservation,' has less opportunity for next year's con- been a most successful dramatk feaferences· should be considering house . ture of a number of Conferen<' 'So party possibilities. The prologue suggests the tl erne INTERNATIONAL SESSIONS of the pageant: "Hark ye, oil ye people! We come to spread before The presence of delegates from many lands at many conferences add- you a pageant of today. In mil:;'":, ed some fine features. It brought and color, and motion. We sh<:ll about a more genuine Christian paint you a canvass which shall tell a story of this world. Heed well brotherhood, it required the temper- the words of the central figure, ing of the flights of missionary elo- World Spirit, who since time began quence with the accuracy of up-todate facts. It relegated to the has dwelt upon this earth supported past the portrayal of foreign na- by Liberty and Justice. tives to provoke laughter in the gal- "Before these three see the natives leries. of the Past summoned for judgment.

Last of all behold America appear Said one delegate, "When I was before the judgment seat. Hear the seated by that splendid Chinese stu- indictment brought against her by dent whose exquisitely sensitive face the three judges, in the name, Labor, showed how quickly she sensed the Illiteracy, Poverty and (';lild Labor. attitude to her land I suddenly felt Hear also the pleas of foreign lands that some of the presentations of to America for Life and Light. China we have made, playing up WeIcome the ~ife bringing forces of ridiculous customs far too strongly, have been common and unworthy." Education, Human Conservation, and Play. Heed ye well the words On "International Nights" special which Liberty ~pea;"6 III America, programs have been prepared in which some one from every land and let Imagination paint for you the moving dram?_ of world history, represented took part. In many while Conscience repeats in your ears of the pageants and dramatics the the great cho~ds, intoned by the mulparts have been taken not by imita- titude of voices in every language tion but by real representatives of spoken on the earth today, soundthe various countries, who pleaded ing forth the striking of America's with an irresistible earnestness for opportunity to give to the world their land. At one of the Conferences Him~ who only is set for the healing a profound silence which meant of the nations." more than any applause followed the singing by Mrs. Cavan of the Philip- .. Published by the Genera! I,.iterature Gu.n· mittu, 844 ])re:rp! Bldg., Philadelphia) fa, pines of one of the hymns which Price 10 cents.

BEST METHODS

STUDENTS OF TWENTY· SIX NATIONALITIES AT A NORTHFIELD CONFGRGNCE; HERE AND THERE METHODS trips would be arranged at each stop- over. The tickets were made after In a number of Conferences dele- the regulation model with coupons gates were asked to tell some of the to be detached at each stop, the plans they have used most success- last one on the strip reading "Good fully. Some of these you may use in for one first class passage on the your work. steamship 'Imagination' from Boston to Alexandria." The trip was, of A Trip Around the World course, laid out so we could study the countries and missions with which An attractive poster was placed we were most concerned. in the vestibule of our church, stating that the steamship "Imagination" At each meeting we had a conwould sail on a certain date for a ductorette in charge who made up trip around the world; that stops the program, in which different 1Nould be made at certain points that speakers told us of the points of inpassengers might have opportunity to terest in the country, of its social study the character and customs of customs, its religions, the mission the country and its people; that spe- work being done there, etc. Anycial refreshments peculiar to the one baving souvenirs or curios country would be served at each s:op and an opportunity be given to of any kind from the country at inspect i.nteresting exhibits of souv- which we were stopping was asked enirs. The poster was decorated with to bring them. These were displayed picture of steamer. vVe gave an and opportunity given for asking assurance that there would be no and answering questions. seasickness, and that interes:ing side After the program, guests were in-

vited to the church parlor where first meeting of the year. When the plates were passed for an offerlight refreshments, suggestive at least ing of money another plate was passed asking for an offering of of the country studied, were served. ·prayer. On this second plate were slips upon each of which was a We were fortunate in having a picture of a missionary with a short sketch of her life, and work. Each friend who had traveled all over member was asked to take one home missionary and one foreign missionthe world and who had lived in ary and to become the praying mate, "working together through prayer." many fot;eign lands. She supplied These 'slips with pictures were fur- nished free by our Board. many interesting articles which she Our most important step of all had collected at various times and however has been our Prayer Band.

places. These with the additional From ten to a dozen of us who have signed the prayer covenant card things secured from other members meet weekly for intercessory prayer. We use Andrew Murray's "With made intensely interesting meetings. Christ in the School of Prayer" for a short time of mediation. Then Our trip was a great success, the the requests for prayer are given. Many and varied have been these attendance large and the interest requests, some even coming from headquarters at Boston. The church keen. I am sure other societies turns to us repeatedly with requests and this little meeting place of prayer would enjoy a similar journey as has become a place of power. Amaz- ing have been the results. Somemuch as we did. times they seem almost miraculous. We have prayed for laborers to be MRS. G. W. CHAFFEE, sent forth into the fields. Three have decided to go out Hom our own Prospect Hill Congregational Church, church.

. Somerville, Mass. Nothing-rain nor shine, summer's heat, nor winter's snow-interfere Three Important Features in our Society with our meeting toge~her weekly for prayer. Park Memorial Baptist Church, Springfield, Mass. We have a com- A book is kept in which requests mittee of three, the president making for prayer are entered. We mark a fourth, among whom we divide the them with a star as they are annames of those who cannot attend swered. our monthly missionary meeting. One woman is very deaf, another, who is We prayed for the conversion of vitally interested, is a music teacher, a young physician. According to the who has a rest period of fifteen "exceeding abundantly" of God's minutes between lessons. To these promise. He answered for not only members who cannot attend we give did the young doctor accept Christ the names of all those who are to himself, but his two sisters came have any part on the program, upon with him. the day of our meeting, asking them to be in prayer at the very time of our meeting and in a prayerful spirit all the day for the meeting. We mention especially those who timidly and with fear are taking part for the first time. We give all the information we can which will enable this absentee band of intercessors to pray intelligently.

Great blessing has come upon our meetings and we feel that at least in part the secret of it is in this praying force back of us.

Another good thing was at the The methods you have tried successfully in your church, or Sunday-school, or missionary society would likely help someone else if you would pass them on through the REVIEW. Address Mrs. E. C. Cronk, 222 Fourth Ave., New York City.

PRAYbR

is the greatest aVenue of S£RVIC£, ~. commumtv'

gz~tJ must PRAY You I The Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions NEW POSTERS in repeated sets around a room, so ·SET of posters has been pre- that which ever way one looks the A pared which each Woman's Mis- same message strikes home, will be sionary Society will wish to display found cumulatively effective.

prominently. The message of a The accompanying illustrations speaker appealing for a more perfect show two of the set of six posters service at a program meeting will be published by the Council. Electro emphasized by the "Call to Service" duplicates of these illustrations may at her side on the platform and by be borrowed from the Council for the poster hung before the pulpit, use in denominational papers. The visualizing the truth of the place of symbolic figure with the flags of prayer in the spiritual economy. country and Church has been adopted Soon will be held the regular fall as emblem by the Council. On the District and Presbyterial gatherings; poster, two groups personify the the force of these is greatly aug- needy ones succored by the Boards mented by poster appeals. A study constituent to the Council: Indian, class session may well climax in the Negro, Spanish-American, Immicontemplation of a succinct sentence grant. One of the other posters on a poster. Speakers frequently graphically presents the need of unity make use of the value of a recurring and cooperation. We are told that impression by the repetition of an there is melody in oriental music, but aptly-phrased verity until its message not harmony, that only Christian sinks deeply in the hearers' sub-con- lands have harmony in their music. sciousnes~. Advertisers long ago The Master has written our symlearned the worth of repetition. phony; may we each be attuned to Posters, serving as decoration, hung prodnce the perfect consonance He 699

has planned. The constituency and and the genius of those who had seemed to be serving only Mammon was devoted affiliations .of the Council are pre- passionately to a principle, and that the blood of those who came in seeming sented on .one of the posters, the greed to America was shed gloriously in the high enterprise which called Amer- study books and supplemental ma- ica to this new world crusade. Moses in the burning bush speaking with God, Saul terial are illustrated on another, on the road to Damascus, never came closer to the force outside ourselves which while still another is the poster used makes for righteousness,-the force that has guided humanity upward through the so effectively in the Victory Liberty ages,-than America has come in this hour of her high resolve. And yet for Loan campaign: "Americans All," fifty years she has come into this holy ground steadily, and unswervingly; indeed, displaying an Honor Roll of fourteen ror a hundred years, for three hundred years from Plymouth Rock to the red names evidencing various nationali- fields of France, America has come a long and perilous way-yet always sure, and ties in parentage. The Government never faltering.

has generously given the Council a "To have lived in the generation now passing, to have seen the glory of the large supply of these posters which coming of the Lord in the hearts of the people, to have watched the steady tri- can be advantageously used, especially umph in our American life of the spirit of justice, of fellowship over the spirit of in connection with the study book of greed, to have seen the Holy Ghost rise in the life of a whole nation, was a the year. blessed privilege."

"The Heart of a Fool," a recent Well is it that this year we are centering our thoughts upon Chrisbook by William Allen White, con- tian Americanization, the achieve- ment of national unity, the fulfilling tains the following passages epitomiz- of the spirit of America, servant to the world because she is servant of ing the spirit of those "Americans her Lord and Master, the Servant, the Son of Man. All" : A STL'DY BOOK GLANCE BACKWARD "Here lay a continent-rich, crass, ma- terial, beckoning humanity to fall down AND FORWARD and worship the god of gross and palpable realities. And, on the other hand, By MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD here stood the American spirit-the eter- Seventeen books in seventeen years nal love of freedom, which had brought speak eloquently of Home Mission men across the sea, had bid them fight study by Christian women in the kings and principalities and powers, had United States. forced them into the wilderness by the hundreds of thousands to make of it 'the The Ecumenical Conference of homestead of the free' ….. . 1900 convinced certain devoted wo- men of the necessity of more careful "This spirit met the god of things as missionary instruction. And so in they are, and for a generation grappled in faith the Home Mission Study a mighty struggle. Course was initiated. One of the first books published was "Under "And men said: The old America is OUf Flag," written by Miss Alice M. dead; America is money mad; America Guernsey, who has been the patron is a charnel house of greed. Millions and saint of the movement. With no millions of men from all over the earth capital except tremendous earnestness .came to her shores. And the world said: these promoters attempted the diffi- They have brought only their greed with cult task of distributing the books them. And still the struggle went on. through the various denominational The continent was taken; men abolished the wilderness. A new civilization rose. boards, and set about persuading And because it was strong, the world said it was not of the old America, but of a new, soft, wicked order which wist not that God had departed from it.

"Then the n'ew epoch dawned; clear and strong came the call to Americans to go forth and fight in the Great War-not for themselves, nor for their own glory, nor for their own safety, but for the soul of the world. And the old spirit of America rose and responded. The long inward .struggle, Been only by the wise, only by those who knew how God's truth conquers in this earth, working beneath the surface, deep in the heart of things, the long inward struggle of the spirit of America for its own was won.

"So it came to pass that the richness of the conlinent was poured out for an ideal,

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 70r

Christian women to their diligent His ardent temperament, his instinc- tive compassion and his training have use. fitted him to interpret to the favored Nor were they mistaken about their citizens of America the deep yearn- ing at the heart of European immiclientele. A quiet but effective grants. His innate sense of justice propaganda has circulated the books, and his own virile manhood have organized study classes, captured in- saved him from the mistake of petdifferent women, opened lecture ting the foreigner, a snare to so courses and summer assemblies until many social workers. Added to all thousands who once felt but the most this, Dr. Brooks firmly believes casual concern for the spread of the in the regener<;Lting power of the Gospel in America, have become posi- sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the re- demption of the world, and does not tive forces for righteousness. hesitate to offer this gospel as the When the Council of Women for one sure solvent for the evils in America's social order. Home Missions was formed twelve years ago, this text-book work was This book, in common with other assumed by it and placed under a great social studies, attracts the committee with Miss Guernsey as its reader to further research; while efficient first chairman. For the past making no pretense at finality, it inseven years Mrs. John S. Allen has duces a hopeful attitude towards the been the head of the committee, lend- most perplexing questions, and iming to the task her calm, clear judg- parts to the sordid trappings of alien ment, a rich experience in Christian life such a glamour of idealism that work, and a literary taste and acu- participation in social betterment bemen which guarantees a successful comes positively inviting.

product. The first chapter is a study of The book for 1918, "The Path of America's experiment in democracy. In contrast with Russia's wild orgy Labor," has had a circulation of in projecting a self-governing state, fifty-five thousand. If publishing the early Americans, through their conditions had warranted, another colonial experience, advanced in oredition could have been sold. The derly progress into intelligent nabook on Mormonism had probably tional life. But the sturdy virtues the largest sale, "Conservation of Na- of pioneer days have been wearing tional Ideals" foHowing closely with thin under the refinements of comsomething over sixty thousand; "In fort. With genuine alarm, earr:est Red Man's Land" had a,pproxiinate1y students cif our times have marked a similar sale. The Presbyterians our indifference toward the perils lead in the use of the books, with threatening national unity. The enor- Methodists close behind and Baptists mous influx of foreign peoples has next in line. aroused in most of our citizens only disgust at their unpleasant habits, or The success of the movement nat- else satisfaction at the possibilities of uraHy attracted the attention of other their commercial exploitation. But mission agencies, and this year the the alarm of war roughly awakened Missionary Education Movement re- America from complacency. Friend quested the privilege of co-operation and foe, alien and citizen were in joint publication of the book, brought face to face. Loyalty and "Christian Americanization, A Task disloyalty stood out in bold contrast. for the Churches." The women will- The years of trifling with the crying ingly assented and an initial edition evils of immigration now uttered of seventy thousand is now on the sharp rebuke, and social workers market. The author, Charles Alvin who had long labored to rouse the Brooks, Secretary for Foreign-speaking Missions of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, in this book made a valuable contribution to the study of America's social problems.

public conscience, scarcely controlled temptible atoms of the dust of autoctheir passionate, "I told you so." racy. And because America is young and strong, with daring and initiative While the war revealed the neces- and the spirit of adventure, with no sity for national unity, the end of traditions of the past to fetter her, the war has by no means achieved with plenty of room to expand,with our unification. True Americanism unlimited supplies of the necessities is not in providing capable men for of life, she is the Land of Opporan obedient army, not in standardiz- tunity, the Land of Liberty, God's ing them like peas in a pod, nor in Country "where the air is full of compelling the use of a common lan- sunshine, and the flag is full of guage, nor in perfecting a liberal stars." government, nor in .breeding an exclusive people with a supreme con- At the end of Dr. Brooks' second tempt for all other lands. The true chapter every reader must echo his American holds in sacred trust a great ideal of liberty not for his own * fervid thanksgiving: "America, my enjoyment, but to pass on to those in bondage, and no man craving free- country, thank God!" dom is too mean to be lawful heir. Nor will Americanization be com- A NOTEWORTHY SERVICE pleted until everyone who shares the bounty and protection of this land of Eighteen and a half years of enthe free, gladly pledges everything, thusiastic, arduous, constructive, sec- retarial service for Home Missions even to life itself, to keep burning has Mrs. Robert W. MacDonell given the sacred fires of liberty. In this to the Southern Methodist Church. task Dr. Brooks sees the salvation of After eight years of loving service in America, for by introducing millions Mexico with her husband, until his of foreign birth to the inheritance of death, she became General Secretary a great national life, she will have of the Woman's Board of Home assured her own continued existence. Missions and was somewhat of a pioneer in promoting Christian work The second chapter admits the ar- among Negroes, Mexicans, and deriving foreigners into partnership pendent girls. During her secretarywith American hopes and endeavors. ship also the office of Deaconess was All that is asked of them is loyalty created and a system of social cenand sincerity. They, too, have come ters and of cooperative homes for to discover America, as did our working girls was developed. The heroic ancestors. And now America last half of her service has been deundertakes a singular and splendid voted particularly to the Home Deadventure: to make a nation out of partment of the Woman's Missionary fragments of the world's peoples; a Council. These years of arduous dissected puzzle, to be assembled fin- labor taxed her strength to the limit, ally a new race of mankind. She and Mrs. McDonnell felt compelled has no precedent to guide her. In to tender her resignation which was other lands and other ages, combina- accepted with regret. tions of races into a nation have been formed by subjugation, by incorpora- A fellow-officer writes: "When the tion or by adjustment; but for inside history of Home Missions in America is reserved the experiment our Church shall be written, her of assimilating most unlike elements name will be in the front rank of into a united whole. This new world those who have thought and wrought has been new life to uncounted mil- to a fine and high purpose in this cause." lions who in Europe were but con- * Succeeding issues of the Bulletin wilI con· tain digests of the remainder of the book.

fROM .MrANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian school had an effect on the hearts of the pupils that worked its Sunday School Convention in Tokyo way to the surface through their countenances. Christian Advocate. JAPANESE interest in the World Sunday School Convention, to be The Continuation Committee held in Tokyo in October, 1920, is evident from a letter written by THE JAPAN Continuation Com- Marquis Okuma, of Tokyo, to the mittee, which is a lineal descend- ant of the Committee formed by the late Henry J. Heinz. The letter, Edin} urgh Conference of 1910, links togetner the two union organizations seven feet long and written in Japan- thilt have long been in operation, the ese, was brought by Mr. H. E. Cole- Federation of Japanese Churches man, educational secretary for Japan ~nd the Conference of Federated for the World's Sunday School As- Missions. The Continuation Commitsociation. The Marquis, after ex- tee is composed of forty-five mempressing his gratification that the bers, fifteen of whom are appointed plans for holding the Convention are from time to time by the Federation to be fulfilled, closes his letter as of Churches, fifteen of them by the follows: Federated Missions, and the remain- der are chosen by the. Committee "I have organized the (Koen Kai) itself. General meetings are held Patrons Association among the in- once a year for the transaction of fluential men of my country for en- business and for the discussion of tertaining the convention. Needless important questions touching cooperto say, true peace depends upon the ation and the policy and progress of understanding of the spiritual ideals the Christian movement. of the different countries. Individually I do not doubt that the great Fertile Soil in Japanese Institutions convention will not only be of great benefit to Japan, but that it will give MANY missionaries find the i r a large stimulus to the sympathy and greatest harvest in the factories brotherhood feeling of the humanity of Japan, which have been springing of the world and that it will lead up in every city and where the young to peace and better international un- women from the country are flocking derstandings." to find work and where, as is well known, the sanitary and moral condi- Chlldren of Light tions are appalling. After only a short period these young girls return AJ APANESE mother came to a to their homes physical and social mission school in Japan bringing bankrupts. In some factories there is her two daughters. She wished them a native helper always on hand to to be entered as pupils. The prin- give counsel and care for the sick. cipal asked the usual questions and A less extensive opportunity is found received the usual replies until she in reform schools for wayward boys. came to the query, "What do you ex- Many of them are open to wholepect us to do for your girls?" To some Christian influence. this the woman answered: "I live in this city and have often watched Japanese Peasant Sect the faces of your pupils. They seem to shine more than my children's do. TENRIKYO, a Japanese sect, is I want you to put some of that same said to have 3,500,000 adherents polish on the faces of my girls." It was her way of saying that she recognized that the teaching in that 703

and 2,000 preaching centers. It ing, literature, entertainment, reprevails among the peasants, and wards, music, etc. The fact that so was originated and spread by wom- many Koreans are fitted to lead in en. It commends itself to the an institute of this kind is eloquent Japanese peasantry on the ground testimony to the thorough work done that it is a variation of Shintoism, by the Missions in days gone by. free from any admixture of foreign ideas. Some of its teaching CHINA is analogous to Christian Science as to the art of healing. Tenrikyo be- Women in Church Government lievers. are reported to have been heavy contributors to Belgian relief AT THE Church of England synod funds and are much sought after as of the diocese of Fukien, held at employees in large factories. Like Foochow in February, the question other non-Christian religions, Ten- of appointing women representatives rikyo takes a very compromising at- on the councils of the Church was titude toward sin. considered. The burden of the speeches was to the effect that there Chosen Christian College was much to be learned from wo- men, and that trying to get on with- THE cornerstone of the Charles M. out their advice in the councils of the Stenison Building, the first per- Church was like trying to get through manent structure of Chosen Christian daily life with one hand only. Final- College, was laid on April 19, by ly the synod decided almost unan- Mrs. H. G. Underwood, whose hus- imously that women should be band was founder and first president eligible as representatives, not only of the College. This is the first of on pastorate committees and church five buildings, and funds for four of councils, but also on the synod itself. them are already assured. Model homes for the families of the faculty Church Missionary Review. and married students will be erected, and will exemplify the most modern Prayer for Israel in Eastern Asia ideas in equipment and sanitation. Because of the disturbed conditions THE FUKIEN branch of the in Korea, no formal invitations to the Prayer Union for Israel held its ceremony were issued, and there was eighteenth annual meeting recently at only a small attendance of students, Kullang. In Tokyo last February a considerable number of whom were five hundred Japanese Christians under arrest. gathered to hear the testimony of a converted English Jew, and after- Snnday School Institnte for Teachers ward organized the Japanese Prayer Union for Jews. The first Thurs- AN Institute for the training of day of each month is to be devoted Sunday-school teachers, the first to Bible study concerning the Jews, to be held in Korea, was in progress and prayer for their salvation. Twenin Seoul when the revolutionary dis- ty-one groups in Korea meet to pray turbances became 'acute. At least 200 for Israel on the last Thursday of were in attendance. The course cov- every month. ered three weeks, and the students were divided into four groups: first, Agriculture as Related to Evangelism primary teachers; second, intermediate grade teachers; teachers of CHINA has no less than six speadult classes; and fourth, officers of cially trained agricultural missionthe Sunday-school. The program aries, and there is a' growing conviccovered all the important matters of tion that agricultural training has an Sunday-school organization and ad- important place in the missionary ministration, grading, teacher-train- program. A paper advocating the introduction of agriculture in China's middle and primary schools, read at the Honan-Shantung Educational As-

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sociation, mentions the following ways trains, in China as elsewhere, but by which agriculture will serve both while the steamer mail lines at the educational and evangelistic work. end of 1917 totalled 68,000 Ii, and the railway lines, 19,500 Ii, the over- 1. It offers a field for students not land courier routes aggregated 432,000 fitted to become professional men. Ii. From the rail terminus of Honan to Tihwafu in Turkestan, the Chinese 2. It will dispose of the criticism post office maintains a day and night that mission schools do not train stu- service of over 2,000 miles. The dents for life ·work. carriers cover an average of 70 miles a day on foot. Carrying 40 pounds 3. It will send forth students to be of mail, they do 60 miles at a more independent, and thus better stretch, with only short stops for able to support the Church. food. Often the carriers have to contend with floods and when boats 4. It will develop character and a are not available, they swim with the sense of responsibility, and teach the mail bags on their heads. Bands of dignity of labor. brigands sometimes make necessary the suspension of mail service, the The writer of this paper in The mail accumulating at some center, Chinese Recorder further maintains until it is considered safe to proceed that agriculture will demonstrate the with it. practical phase of Christianity, and furnish a point of contact with the The Tanners' Deity eighty-five per cent of China's population who are farmers. TANNING is the chief trade of Kiangchow, Shansi pro v inc e, Chinese God's Annnal Tour called "The Purple City." Among I T IS the custom in each Chinese its myriad temples and shrines is one city to have a "Ch'eng Huang dedicated to the Pi-shen, (hide Miao," or temple where the god of deity), who reigns supreme over all the city abides. In Man Ch'eng, a the industry of skin scraping. His city not far from Paotingfu, this city origin is lost in obscurity, and outgod makes an annual visit to the side of the Purple City his fame is neighboring villages. Like other unknown. Month by month festivals idols, he is constructed of mud and are held in his honor. Traveling beautified with gaudy colors. On this actors are invited to occupy the stage annual tour he is carried in a sedan on the street opposite the temple chair in the manner of a bride, al- door, and for three days, from ten though unlike a bride in being visible. in the morning till long after mid- The procession is headed by young night, there is the constant din of men carrying a gun, whose detona- clashing cymbals and strident gongs. tions sometimes shatter windows. A In the summer, processions; in wingroup of fanatics follow, carrying in- ter, fireworks; and in all seasons, cense pots which are suspended by candles, meat offerings and incense hooks caught in the under part of make up the worship of this deity. their forearm. Other paraders wear placards hung about their necks "It is impossible that anyone in the which proclaim some crime they have tanning trade should become a Chriscommitted. The custom seems well tian," a missionary was told when he established in Man Ch'eng. took up his r~sidence there in 1914. A year later, one of the most skilled China's Man System of the craftsmen was baptized and continues to witness for Christ. ROBBERS, beasts and floods are Others have followed, but fear and ,'the per<ils against which the superstition is holding many back. Chinese postal authorities must safeguard their carriers. One is likely to think of post offices as receiving and distributing mail by steamers and

SIAM AND LAOS tians in the diocese who have been won from the lowest state of degra- Leper's Systematic Giving dation and ignorance, and in turn they are supporting a mission to THE ENVELOPE system is an carry the gospel into regions where innovation of the leper church at it is now unknown. Chiengmai, Siam. Where to get the envelopes was the problem that con- The Congregationalist. fronted the members, but with a pile of white paper scraps from the mis- Agricultural Missions sion press at their disposal, the lepers fashioned their own envelopes, al- THE Mission Demonstration Farm, most without hands. The crude, mis- Burma, India, has grown from shapen envelopes piled in the collec- ten to twenty acres. On one half tion basket the first Sunday there- sugar cane has been grown, on the after gave evidence of the difficulty other half rice. It is expected that fifwith which the mutilated stumps of teen tons of brown cake sugar will hands had worked. The weekly be yielded. The poultry business has offering has always been about 60 been a great success. The greatest encents, but the first envelope collec- couragement to the agricultural plans tion reached the high mark of $1.44. is the fact that the Government of Burma is willing to help in de- INDIA veloping an agricultural school at Pyinmana. It has made plans for The National Missionary Society an agricultural college at Mandalay, with 4 number of experiment sta- THIS native Christian soc i e t y , tions located over the province. The which has been at work for college at Mandalay will touch only about thirteen years, conducts mis- those who have passed the high sions at six centers, all except one school, while the Burman agriculhaving ordained Indian missionaries. tural school is designed to reach the There is one medical missionary. sons of farmers who are able to get The Society's income in 1918 was only a common school education. the largest ever received, amounting to 25,450 rupees ($8,000). The Southern Workman. steady increase of income from 3,500 rupees the first year promises Burma Student Camp much for the determination of Indian Christians to assume responsi- THE seventeenth annual camp of bility for evangelizing their own the Burma Student Christian Asland. sociation was held at Cabin Island, Kokine, from March 28 to April 2. Transformation in Dornakal Various games and social activities were enjoyed, and there was a daily REMARKABLE work has been program, beginning with "Morning done in the native state of Dorn- Watch" at six. a. m. and followed aka! by Bishop Azariah, the first by a morning and afternoon session Anglican Indian Bishop. When he of Bible study, and a devotional serventered this state ten years ago, he ice at sunset. The morning and was the only Christian in the place. afternoon conferences were con- He bought a house and nine acres of land for $100 and started to work, ducted by Prof. W. J. Hutchins, of almost single handed. Among the great masses in the country districts Oberlin, Ohio. who di:::cussed "The there were no roads, no schools, no Duty of Christians to Win Men," security, no justice. The bishop "The Business of Citizens of God's started industrial schools where weav- Kingdom," and kindred subjects. The ing, carpentry and agriculture were Bible Study Circle was conducted by taught. Today there are 60,000 Chris- Mr. W. T. M. Clewes, of Rangoon.

On the last day of the camp, each student was asked to write briefly his

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

impressions of the conferences, and The new Armenia, if the Armenian to tell what theme had most appealed national delegation has its way, will to him. All had gained a deeper extend from nearly the Caspian Sea knowledge of Christian truth, and on the east to Caesarea on the west, had come to see that their first duty and from the Black Sea on- the north was to win others to God. to the Mediterranean on the south- west. It will contain about 130,000 MOSLEM LANDS square miles and a population of 4,300,000. Of these, 2,500,000 will Mecca MOOr the War be Armenians, 500,000_ other Chris- tians and 1,300,000 Turks, Arabs, THE AVERAGE annual number Circassians, Persians, Kurds, Tartars, of hiijis or Mecca pilgrims is etc. given in the Encyclopredia of Islam at 70,000. During war time this has The arguments in favor of Amerconsiderably diminished. But this ica's accepting a mandate for this year is likely to witness a large in- region are presented by ex-ambassacrease in the number of pilgrims. dor Gerard, Hon. John Sharp Wil- The new government of Hejaz has liams, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Charles now made great improvements in W. Eliot, and others, on the sanitation, security, and facilities of grounds of humanitarian duty as a travel between Jiddah and Mecca. contribution to world betterment, the A leading Moslem photographer has confidence of Armenians in Amerian establishment at Mecca, not far can friendship, the burdens borne- by from the Kaabah sanctuary, so that other nations and the ability of one can now get without difficulty America to render this service. recent photographs of pilgrimage assemblies. It is difficult to realize Such a solution of the problem how the great festival will shape will not involve any great internaitself when the Medina railway is tional difficulty, impose any military completed to Mecca and the port of burden or incur any great expense, Jiddah, and when taxi-cabs become but it will mean untold blessing to available in and around Mecca. Armenians and freedom and protec- tion to Christian progress. Americans C. M. S. Review. have invested millions of dollars and hundreds of lives in Armenia, not Prince Faisal and the Syrian Protestant for selfish financial gain, but for the enlightenment of Armenia and for College the salvation of her people.

AT THE Peace Conference in Turkey Convicts its War Leaders Paris, Ernest Hamlin Abbott interviewed the Prince of the new ENVER PASHA, Talaat Bey and Arabian kingdom of the Hejaz, tind Djemal Pasha, leaders of the heard the Prince's opinion of the Turkish Government during the war, Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. were condemned to death by a Turk- "Daniel Bliss," said Prince Faisal, ish court-martial on July 11. Djavid "is the grandfather of Syria, and his Bey, former minister of finance, and son, Howard Bliss, is the father of Mussa Kiazim, former Sheik-ul-Islam Syria. Without the education that were sentenced to fifteen years' hard this College has given, the struggle labor. For most of the war period for freedom could never have been Talaat Bey was Minister of the Inwon. The Arabs owe everything to terior, Enver Pasha the Minister of these men." War and Djemal Pasha, the Military Governor of Syria. All three ad- America as Mandatory for Armenia mitted the Armenian massacres as a necessity because these people were ASTRONG effort is being made to troublesome. Djemal was instru- induce America to become mandatory for the new state of Armenia, set up by the Peace Conference.

mental in carrying out the massacres toring their former faith, is one outagainst the Beirut Reform League. growth of the Centenary Exposi- This is the climax of a series of tion. Subscriptions are open for this prosecutions, beginning with that of fund and the Methodist Board of Kemal Bey last April, undertaken by Foreign Missions will have the diofficials of the new regime to clear rection of the enterprise. their skirts from blame for participation in the war. Onitsha Industrial Mission A Christian Paper for Turks TRADE and industries are making rapid advance in Africa, especial- THE Rahnuma (Guide) is a bi- ly in Nigeria where coal and tin min- weekly, Christian newspaper pub- ing, lime burning, tile making, rope lished at Aintab, in the characters making, saw mills, the preparation known to the majority of the Turks, of cotton-seed oil to replace linseed, one page in Osmanli Turkish, one in are giving opportunities for the for- Armenian and another in Armeno- mation or development of local in- Turkish. The people of Aintab, even dustries. The Onitsha Industrial though they had to go without bread, Mission is doing such good work in insisted upon having a newspaper, training boys and young men to beand the subscription list has grown come craftsmen that the British Govfrom fifty to four hundred. The ernment has recognized it by the paper contains news, editorials. and a award of a grant of £100. In Basusermon or some Christian educa- toland a considerable development tional article. It is said to be the of glazed and well-finished pottery most important single agency in pre- manufacture is taking place. venting disturbances and quieting the people. The funds for maintaining C. M. S. Review. the paper are supplied by British officers. Christianity and Cannibalism on the Jewish Assembly in Palestine Congo THE first Constituent ~ssembly !n THE Heart of Africa Mission re- the Holy Land will meet III ports remarkable success. At Jerusalem May 18. Four hundred Nala, where work was begun in delegates are to be chosen at elec- 1915,' there are baptisms almost tions participated in by all the Jew- every week, and at Niangara, after ish residents of Palestine. The Jews eight months' work, twenty-seven decided that only Hebrew-speaking people have been baptized. At Wam- Jews shall be eligible as delegates or ba, a station opened still more reofficers at tHis assembly. cently, there are one hundred con- verts. In August, three men were AFRICA set apart as leaders and five as dea- cons. Confessions of some of the Berbers to be Reclaimed converts throw light on what these people were before accepting Christ. CHRISTIANITY had some of its strongholds in North Africa, un- i "My father" said one "killed a til dissension in the seventh century so weakened the churches as to make man, and helped to' eat him." them fall an easy prey to Moham- Another testified: "When I was medanism. Ruins of ancient Chris- three years old I remember my tian churches are still to be found in father killing a man, and because Carthage and other North Africa he had killed my brother I shared in cities. To aid in "the reconquest of eating the stew." It is said that at North Africa for Christianity," and one place the chief's custom when to establish Christian churches in the about to put a man to death was to Berber villages in the hope of res- call out to the executioner: "Come, Bongo, come, Bongo, and take away your meat;" and the chief would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

actually give salt to be eaten with The Language Need in Africa the victim! The missionaries have now added a translation into Ban- A MISSIONARY in Congo BeIge, gala, the lingua franca of that part Miss Pauline A. Fraser, calls of Africa, of the Epistle of St. attention to the fact that while much James to those of the Gospels of is said and written about the great St. Mark and St. John. unoccupied and unevangelized areas in Africa, very little is noted about C. M, S. Review. the great language need. Tribe af- ter tribe have never had their ver- Wanyamwezi Tribe iacular reduced to writing, so that the people cannot grow spiritually THE Wanyamwezi tribe of East even if they should hear the Gospel Africa is regarded as physically and believe in Jesus Christ. They and intellectually superior to all must have the Bible in their own others in that territory. It was from tongues. It will take years to acthat tribe that the British recruited complish this, but a beginning should their best African troops. Two be made immediately, Christian linyoung men from Aberdeen offered guists are greatly needed. their services to the United Free Church of Scotland, the one as a Christian Work In Madagascar medical and the other as an ordained missionary to this field; but SINCE France took control of the Committee reluctantly decided Madagascar Protestant Christian that this work could not be under- work has been much more difficult taken in view of the fact that this than formerly, being looked upon tribe was situated more than 300 unfavorably by the French Colonial miles from any other work sup- Government. Before permission is ported by that mission and so com- granted to a Protestant Society to pletely out of touch with it, since establish any new out-station, over it must be reached by a different eighty signatures of the villagers repart of the African coast. questing such a station must be pre- sented. Last year Rev. K W. Gale, A Hospital for Mine Workers of the London Missionary Society, received over thirty-six such peti- THE City Deep Native Hospital tions for out-stations, and forwarded is operated to serve the Rand them to the Government. Mr. Gale group of mines in South Africa. reports some most interesting experi- It is fitted with all the care and com- ences in his recent missionary jourpleteness that characterize the best neys into uncivilized heathen disof the local white hospitals and holds tricts. The native pastors put in a high place among the general hos- charge of these new stations are pitals of the British Empire. About ready to endure hardships as good twelve native women nurses are in soldiers of Jesus Christ. These attendance. Near the hospital are college men receive a salarv of only modern, attractively furnished homes twenty-four shillings ($6,00) a for the resident doctor, matron and month; they live in rush huts, have white nurses, with additional quar- only impure water to drink, endure ters for the native nurses. There extreme heat, and are constantly exis great advantage to the mine own- posed to malaria. Their isolation ers in the fact that the native worker from Christian friends is complete. is afforded the best surgical, medical and nursing skill procurable, but The need for Christian teaching in the guiding policy back of this scien- these unreached districts is indetific care is more than economic. It scribable. Morality is unknown. is the practical application of the Parents even build isolated huts for Sermon on the Mount. their unmarried daughters for im- moral purposes for financial gain.

Men are rotting with disease, with proved by the history of Spain and no one to help them. Witch doctors Italy, of Austria and the Latin control the people and bitterly oppose American republics. The papacy is Christianity. When one of these a political machine, with temporal witch doctors is won over, almo~t po:ver a? wel~ ~s a religious organi- zatIOn WIth spmtual claims. the whole village will follow.

EUROPE AND SIBERIA AA Y. W. C. A. Protest NEW organization, to be called Religious Liberty in Ireland the "Evangelical Young Wom- an's Christian Association," has been I T IS said that Ireland is an forI?ed in I:ondon as a protest "imaginary" republic, with an ~gamst the mdefinite, and some- "imaginary" president, Mr. De Va- tlmes rationalistic doctrinal teachlera. But Ireland is not a republic, ing ip. the British Y. W. C. A. Some and is neither independent nor free. 60 branches of the Y. W. C. A. have Independent Ireland may never be decided to cast in their lot with the free, but true freedom is a boon new organization and others in Scoteagerly to be sought. The Irish peo- land and Wales are planning to folple who seek independence from low their example. Similar lines of England are the Roman Catholics work to those in the old Association of the South. The Protestants of will be taken up, such as Travelers' Ulster, the prosperous portion of the Aids, Recreation Centers, Mission- Island, do not wish such liberation. ary Work and Bible Study Classes. According to David O'Connor, late This proposed separation has caused editor of the Sinn Fein Daily, these some leaders in the Y. W. C. A. to promoters of the Irish Republic .qo propose steps to restore the original not wish to establish religious liberty evangelical standards of the Assoin their new state, but to have the ciation. Roman Catholic priests and bishops in authority, and to have "the Catho- War Decreases Sunday School Attendance lic religion openly taught in the public schools as the basis and corner HE official Year Book of the stone of Irish civilization." T Church of England for 1918 re- cords a decline in Sunday-school at- The Roman Catholic Church, tendanc.e of children in England, which the leaders of the Irish Re- amountmg to 60,000 less than in public proclaim as supreme, is di- 1917. Various reasons are assigned rectly opposed to the fundamental for this disquieting fact, among principles of a democratic republic. them the absence of teachers from The authority of the Pope is su- their post. An improvement is expreme, and therefore "government pected with the return of workers of the people, for the people and by from the scenes of war. the people" is impossible. The Catholic Church is also opposed to Advance in Baptist Missions the separation of church and state, and to full liberty of conscience and THE English Baptist Church reopinion. The Church denies the ports that the amount given for right of private judgment and of independent acts which may contra- foreign missions last year was $600,- vene the laws of the Church. In O~O, or $100,000 more than-the presuch a state, marriage and divorce, VIOUS year and the largest amount in education, law making and politics the history of English Baptists. will be under control of church au- Three thousand converts were bapthorities. True independence and tized on the foreign field last year. liberty are incompatible with a government controlled by the Roman Medical Missions ruustrated Catholic Church. This has been A ~EDICAL Miss.ionary Exhibi- tion was held m London in

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June and part of July, and awak- school for recreation, supper and an ened a lively interest, not only hour and a half of study for the by the various tableaus and exhibits next day's lessons. but by addresses, about social and spiritual conditions in other lands. Outside of Paris, other Protestant Demonstrations of medical work, relief has been maintained without with costumes worn and instruments interruption. At Lille, Pastor Bose used, in. Korea, China, India, Is- carried on the regular clubs of his lands and other places, were given. Protestant group, and provided 2,000 There was also a native doctor's meals each week for helpless men, office, a dispensary and an operat- women and children. ing theatre. The Gospel in the VernacnIar Denmark and Missions I N' Rome a welcome innovation THE Lutheran Church of Den- in the church services began from mark which operates mlSSlOns the end of last February. At that in India and Manchuria has come date the Vicar-General issued inthrough the stress of war time vic- structions to the parish priests of toriously. Last year there was a the city that in future at Low Mass, surplus in. the Church's missionary after they have read the Gospel in treasury, and of the fifty-four mis- Latin, they are to turn to the people sionaries which the society expected and read it again in a loud and to have on its staff, sixteen have distinct voice in Italian. On the been sent Qut since the war began. first Sunday in Lent the Society of As many more have been accepted St. Jerome began to issue a weekly and are preparing for service. These Italian leaflet, to be distributed gratis are astonishing facts when one re- among church congregations. Father members how Denmark has been Genocchi, of that Society, has supharassed with high prices and high plied the Bible Society's secretary in exchange. Rome with one of these leaflets. which is well printed, with a picture Moral Leadership in France in front, and contains the Gospel for the Sunday in Italian, followed I T is estimated that even the small- by some comments which form a est of the churches in Paris have sort of sermonette. lost at least from thirty to forty men in the war. The high cost of Bible in the Warld. living and the almost total lack of remunerative work which they can News from Budapest do has left the women and children in helpless panic. Also the moral ONE of the oldest of Jewish Misstamina and energy of spirit is sadly sions is that in Budapest under let down, now that the terrible strain the care of the United Free Church is over. of Scotland. Since the Soviets have taken control there, all religious and The French Protestant Church is educational work has been "nationtaking the lead in supplying moral alized," and representatives· of the leadership and high standards of liv- Communists are placed over the diing, and prominent in this task is rectors. The Soviet Republic has the McAll Mission, which has been decreed that all religious teaching a center throughout the war for the must cease, even prayers in the distribution of relief of all kinds. Girls' Home of the Mission. One In addition to its numerous clubs element of encouragement lies in the and organizations for both men and fact that parents are inquiring what women the Mission has a gymna- will become of their young people sium, where children whose parents if they cannot receive any religious are at work may come direct from training; and another hopeful fea- ture is that the Soviets have not yet

seized the ]i[is5ion funds, although cred books are two: "Kitab al Jil- they have reserved to themselves the wah" (Book of Revelation) and right to seize any property they may "Matzhaf Resh" (Chief Regula~ desire. The Jewish Mission Com- tion5). The first contains only five mittee has made a strong appeal to short chapters, and the second is the British Government on behalf of largely a book of legend. their interests, and it is not believed that these intolerable conditions will Religious Monthly In Siberia continue. A NEW religious monthly called The Bible in ~fodern Greek Blagovest-nik (The Evangelist) is just out. It is published at Omsk, I T is only since the war that the Siberia, by Robert Fetler, a brother Scriptures in modern Greek have of Pastor William Fetler, formerly been permitted in Greece. The of Petrograd, who founded the Rus- Greeks were therefore practically de- sian Missionary and Educational So- prived of the Bible, for few of them ciety in Philadelphia. The paper understood the ancient tongue. One comprises sixteen pages, and the of the workers of the Scripture poor quality of paper and ink used Gift Mission in Salonica reports: testify to the scarcity of those mater- ials in Siberia. One of the items re- "The War has indeed opened up corded in the paper is the closing of large vistas of opportunity in this the Baptist-Stundist Church in Omsk land for those who are engaged in by command of the military authorireligious work. Because of the pres- ties. The church leaders have apence of the Allies it has been possi- pealed to the Siberian Government, ble to get Bibles and portions of the which is headed by Admiral Kol- Scriptures into the country, and thus chak, for the return of their buildto create an appetite for the Word ing, which had been taken over as which would have taken years to a headquarters of the army staff. bring about in time of peace. We are hoping and praying that the new NORTH A~fERICA Liberal Government will let down the bars and allow the Scriptures to Plan to Educate Russian War Prisoners be imported and sold without restrictions." THE Russian Missionary and Edu- cational Society, of Philadel- The Christian. phia, plans to bring over from France from thirty to fifty Russian Devil-Worshippers of the Caucasus converted war prisoners, During their imprisonment in Germany and THE Yezides, call.d by their Austria they came in contact with neighbors "devil-worshippers," fellow prisoners who were Chrislive in a region bordering on the tians, and who by preaching. the Russian Caucasus. Their racial ori- Gospel and giving access to God's gin is in doubt. They are nomadic, Word brought these formerly nonuse the Kurdish tongue in every day converted men to believe in Christ. life and the Arabic in their religion. After the Armistice a number of They number about 200,000, and are them reached France, and the Rusdespised by Christians and Moham- sian Missionary Society is now planmedans alike. Their religion seems ning to bring them to the United to reflect aspects of the teachings 0 f States for education in their schools. Zoroaster, Moses and Mohammed. A campaign to raise a sufficient sum There is nothing in their books or for the purpose is being conducted. practice that would suggest a modeling after the diabolic. Possibly they Missionary Movement in Colleges have acquired their evil pseUdonym because of their secrecy and occult- THE campaign of the Student Ism. So far as known, their sa- Volunteers and the circulation

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of Lovell Murray's "The Call of a made 23,714 VISIts to hospitals, and World Task" among the college stu- had personal conversation with near- dents of America have helped to pro- ly 60,000 persons and distributed mote foreign missions in many col- over 30,000 tracts and Gospels. leges and universities. Special mis- Some 7,600 people professed con- sion budgets have been proposed and version. The meetings are held in several will hold financial campaigns churches, the open air, rescue mis- for missions in the fall. On the sions, institutions, industrial clubs, Pacific coast five foreign students factories and prisons. from the University of California visited all the colleges of the state The net cost of operating the In- in the interest of a missionary cam- stitute was $211,778.96, and the to- paign. The University of Texas is tal deficit on August 31 was $55,- planning to "put Texas in India" 138.53. This work is worthy of with a gift of $5,000 or more, while generous support. the University of Kentucky leaders have decided to raise a missionary FIanner House, Indianapolis budget each year as a memorial to the fourteen students who sacrificed A TROLLEY trip of less than ten their lives in the war. Dartmouth minutes from the heart of In- College has definite plans formed dianapolis brings one to a strip of for work in Turkey. The colored thickly populated Africa, a mile and colleges of the country are partici- a half by a mile in extent. In the pating in the movement, with the center of this district stands Flanspecial aim of supporting their own ner House, the only community cenmissionary in Africa. ter for the 40,000 negroes of In- diana's capital, who live in dingy, The JIoody Bible Institute dilapidated surroundings, with a minimum of light, air and comfort. A REMARKABLY effective and far-reaching work is being con- The ministrations of Flanner ducted by the Moody Bible Institute, House are many-sided. It serves as Chicago. Not only are horne mis- a clearing house for all kinds of sionaries being trained in large num- helpful activities, including Employbers, and Christian workers in many ment Bureau, Day nursery and Kindepartments of work in the home dergarten, free clinic and anti-tuberchurches, but last year 120 went out culosis society, gymnasium, etc. from the Institute to become foreign Flanner house is not a church, but missionaries. There were 117 stu- seeks to supplement the churches' redents enrolled in the day classes, and ligious instruction by a weekly Sun- 667 in the evening classes. The day-school. former included young men and women from 22 denominations, 42 Conference of New JIissionaries states and 29 foreign countries. The evening classes represented 262 THE twenty-second annual Conchurches in Chicago, 39 denomina- ference of the Presbyterian tions and 136 trades and occupa- Board of Foreign Missions, (June tions. The Bible Correspondence 4-11) at 156 Fifth Avenue, New Courses enrolled 5437 students. York, was record breaking in the number of attendants. The Reformed The work of the Institute is re- Church in America united in this markably thorough and far-reaching. conference and had 22 new mission- It includes courses of study in the aries on the list while Presbyterians Bible, missions, Sunday-school work, are sending out 110 recruits. The music and practical evangelism. The topics under discussion included: number of meetings conducted or at- "World Reconstruction and Foreign tended by students was 59,541; they Missions," "Administrative Systems,'" and "The Missionary's. Equipment." The new appointees go to remote

corners of the earth. Those as- ent languages, assembled to make signed to the Punjab and North In- plans for helping the foreign women dia remained with the Board for of their communities. The three three weeks' special study of Urdu. Chinese delegates came to learn about the Young Women's Christian Conference for Methodist Missionaries Association.

A N intensive training Conference Christian Advocate. for the newly appointed missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal LATIN AMERICA Board was held at Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill., July 8 to In Southern Mexico August 1. Among the lecturers were Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. E. D. EVANGELICAL Christian work Soper of Drew Theological Semi- is scarcely so far advanced in nary and representatives of the Bible Teachers' Training School of New Southern Mexico as in Guatemala. York and the Boston School of The- A missionary from the latter counology. Over one hundred were in attendance, most of whom left for try when journeying through the their appointed fields at the close of the Conference. Port of Mexico while on his way to Challenge to Methodism the United States for his furlough, THE report of the Committee on inquired where he could find an Findings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, meeting in Cleveland, evangelical chapel, and was told that Ohio, in June reads : "We recommend that we have a campaign of very likely they could give it to him evangelism that shall occupy the preeminent place in the conservation at the drug store. Thinking he program of the Church," and "that might not have been understood, he the goal shall be at least one million souls won for Christ by June, asked if there were not any evan- 1920." The raising of $112,000,000 for missions throughout the world gelists in the town, and received the was a testimony to the material possibilities of the Methodist Church, reply that the priest could explain but the meeting of this important challenge will call for awakened all about that. In desperation, he spiritual fervor. inquired whether there were any A Chinese Y. W. C. A. for New York Protestants in the Port of Mexico, THIRTY-NINE signatures, some and nobody had ever heard of such of them in Chinese characters, were signed to a petition asking for people. a Chinese Young Women's Christian Association in New York City. Last' Guatemala News. August a delegation of the Chinese women attended the big international Revolutions in Haiti conference which the Young Women's Christian Association held for A DEMONSTRATION of the exall foreign young women in the tent to which the many revoluvicinity of New York city. At'this tions through which Haiti has passed meeting more than two hundred has interfered with the normal life of delegates, speaking thirty-two differ- the people is to be seen on the trails of the country districts. On them one passes a never-ending stream of women-mile after mile and nothing but the female of the species-most of them with baskets on their heads. "Where are the men?" involuntarily rises to the traveler's lips. And the reply comes quickly that they never leave their huts, or at least never go abroad, since the sorrowful ex- perience of years has taught them that when they are at large they are apt to be impressed into service by roving "revolutionists." Hence one seldom sees anything but women as one wanders through Haiti.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.obeah Pratice Brazil, was the renowned possessor of an image of San Antonio, and -ELIEF in "obeah" (obsession by kept it in her home. After a long B an evil spirit) is deeply ground- period of drought her neighbors peti- tioned the old lady that she should ed in Jamaica, and is one of the lend them her "Saint" for nine days, most powerful opponents to Chris- so that they might pray to it for tianity. The "obeah" doctor is usual- that period and then return it. The 1y some disreputable renegade, liv- request was granted, and borne on a ing in poverty and filth, but his stretcher, the image made a round :services are in frequent demand. of visits in the neighborhood, finally When summoned professionally, he being returned to its glass case and enters the patient's room and calls a tribute of burning candles placed first for a pint of rum. A few drops about. To conclude the ceremony, .1.re sprinkled upon the patient, the the contents of a stone jar were rest he swallows. Then he takes out handed to those present, and their <>f his bag a few chicken feathers demeanor soon afterward gave evi- and some red cloth, which he lays dence of what the jar contained. All on the table. Next a small yellow went on their way homeward, with :snake is brought out of his bag and a feeling of merit at having done this he guides over the body of their duty to the saint, and confident the sick person. Then the crucial that he would send the needed rain. moment is at hand, for this time the obeah man utters the word THE ISLANDS ·"money." About $15 is handed over .1.nd operations begin anew. A small "A Bible Distribution in the PWlippines pan with a cover, more rum, blue COpy of the Scriptures in :and red lights, and then with a wild every home" is the maxim of whoop the obeah doctor dances, at the organized movement for Bible ftrst furiously, then slowing down to distribution in the Philippines. The a gentle swaying motion. With the aim is to have each church assume pan in one hand, the cover in the responsibility for a house-to-house <>ther, he makes a swift leap upon canvass in their respective districts, the patient, claps the cover on, and making a present of at least a penny amid an awed silence, departs with_ Gospel where no sale can be made. the "duppy" (evil spirit) safely in This reacts as an advantage to the bis pan. churches by bringing them to the attention of the public, by multiply- Ten minutes pass. Then a shriek ing the workers and by furnishing a 'is heard. An exploring party finds point of contact with the non-Christhe obeah man in wild distress. He tian community. bad stumbled, the lid fell off the pan, and the duppy had escaped. Leper Work in the PWIippines Could nothing be done to save the -patient, to whom the duppy had re- THERE are more than 5,000 lepturned? Surely, but it would re- ers on the Island of Culion, and ,quire more rum and more money. probably 1,500 more still at large on 'This time it required only a few other islands of the Philippines. The minutes to capture him, and the pan Evangelical Union directs the Chriswas put in the bag for safe keeping. tian work at San Lazaro and Culion Leper Asylums. Victoriano Mauri- BolTowing an Image cio is the leper pastor at San Lazaro, and he has his church organized PATIENCE and perseverance are with deacons and elders, who send essential qualities in the mis- in quarterly reports to their Consionary who strives to overcome the ference. The congregation numbers :ignorant fanaticism that enthralls the over 150. Lepers h:we recently -people of inland South America. An old woman in Dominge-nigo,

made a gift of 310 pesos for the numbers more outside the United erection of a chapel in Culion vil- States than in. The Presbyterians, lage. Reformed and Lutheran churches, all of which are Calvinistic, number Literacy in the Philippines 115,000,000, or three-fifths of all the Protestants in the world. M M. KALOW, secretary of the • Philippine Mission, is author- Christian Observer. ity for the following figures: Sev- enty per cent of the inhabitants of Fonndation Missionary Work the Philippines over ten years old are literate, as shown by the 1918 MR. K. Miyama, a Japanese census. Of the estimated popula- Christian worker, went to Hation of 10,500,000, 10,000,000 are waii some years ago, and, without "civilized Christians," while 500,000 any mission agency back of him, represents the non-Christians, or so- was the means of converting to called wild tribes. The percentage Christianity the Hon. Taro Ando, of literacy in the Philippines is high- the Japanese consul, his wife and er than in any of the new countries his secretaries. Later, Ando· and now clamoring for recognition by Miyama founded the National Temthe Allies. The Philippine legisla- perance Society of Japan and estabture, now composed entirely of Fili- lished the Ginza Methodist Church pinos, supports 4700 schools, with in Tokyo. The Hon. Sho N emoto, a teaching force of 12,303 teachers; another Japanese Christian and now and at their last session voted a member of the Lower House of 30,000,000 pesos to extend the edu- Parliament in Japan, was the author cational system. of a bill forbidding the sale of to- bacco to minors, and other anti- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES alcohol legislation, which passed the Lower House but failed in the Up- The Bible in America and Other Lands per. Both these Japanese Chris- tians are converts of a Methodist I N seven states of the Union it is Mission in California. illegal to have the Bible read in the public schools, yet China has New Translations of the Bible recommended the reading of the Scriptures in her schools. Thirty- 'THE Gospel by Matthew has been five million copies of the Bible are ~ translated and published in Pali, sold every year, home coming chaplains and war workers report the the sacred language of Buddhism, eager demand for Testaments among for the special purpose of introthe fighting men and missionaries ducing the Christian Scriptures to constantly testify to the transform- Burmese monks. The book of Daning effect of Bible reading upon the iel has been in great demand among heathen races of the world. these monks of Burma.

Interesting Statistics In Siam, an American missionary has succeeded in translating the RECENT denominational figures Epistles of Peter into Kamu, al- reveal some interesting facts though she does not know a word of relative to the strength of the var- that language. This seeming impos-· ious religious denominations through- sibility was accomplished with the out the world. For example: three- aid of a Laos teacher who knew fourths of the world's Baptists live no Kamu, and a Kamu colporteur between the Ohio river and the who knew some Laos. This col- Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and porteur reads the translation to· Pacific oceans. Three-fourths of all travelers ,along the road, and one the Methodists live in the United manuscript has been worn out by States, but the Presbyterian Church constant use. The work has been revised and is now off the press.

MISSIONARY

Japan and World Peace. By K. K. lsowo Abe to the effect that "social- Kawakami. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50. istic ideas have been widely diffused The Macmillan Company. 1919. throughout the Empire in the past few years. The socialistic spirit Students of Far Eastern affairs is afloat everywhere, and it would welcome the writings of Mr. K. K. be a great mistake to judge the in- Kawakami as one of the ablest writ- fluence of socialism from the yet ers of modern Japan. His thorough small number of professed socialists knowledge of his own country, his only." (p. 39). He is pronouncedly travels and observations in China, his hostile to the military party in Japan. long residence in San Francisco, where he is the American corres- But while such statements show pondent of some of the influential that he is not a blind advocate of journals of Japan, and his clear and his country, the book as a whole educated mind combine to make shows 'that he is a staunchly loyal his views on the international situation in the Far East command Japanese. The major part of the respect. His former volumes were book is devoted to a vigorous adon "American-Japanese Relations," vocacy of Japan's foreign policy, (1912), "Asia at the Door" (1914), especially in its relations to China, and "Japan in World Politics," Siberia, the Pacific Islands ankl (1917). Mr. Kawakami is a loyal America. He courteously and skil- Japanese of the progressive school, fully flays America for inconsistency and naturally interprets Japan in in demanding a Monroe Doctrine terms of his own liberal thought. He for itself and denying one for China; does not hesitate to characterize the exposes politely but effectively the in- "divine origin" .of the Emperor as consistencies and the injustice of sev- "the sinister doctrine (p. 23), and to eral western nations, including the declare that "unfortunately, the late United States, in their dealings with Price Ito was influenced by the Far Eastern affairs; asserts that German idea of government, and, "China left to her own resources will in drafting a constitution for his ultimately become the Turkey of the country, preferred to follow the Ger- Far East if it has not already become man pattern rather than the Anglo- such"; and that Japan is abundantly Saxon conception of democracy." He justified in the course that she is takvigorously champions the growth of ing toward China. He admits howdemocracy in Japan, demands the ever that the notorious "21 demands" extension of suffrage from the pres- upon China in the spring of 1915 ent percentage of franchise-holders were a blunder, not because they from 28 of each 1,000 of the popu- were wrong in themselves but belation, calls for greater liberty for cause the manner of presentation trade unions and for greater free- were not characterized by "greater dom of speech. References to social- discretion and saner judgment." (p. ism remind us that he was long 166.) distrusted by many of his countrymen, and is still by some of them, Some things in the book will be as himself inclined toward social- challenged by American and British ism. He says: "to throttle the ad- readers, and probably by all Chinese vocacy of socialism is ridiculous" readers who. will feel that the whole (p. 36); and he quotes with ap- discussion is an eX' parte one. It is proval the opinion of Professor delightfully written, and gives an ex- cellent understanding of Japan's point of view.

717

The Crisis in Church and College. By -(1) Roman Catholic (a majority Geo. W. McPherson. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25 net. Published by the author, !n the North) ; (2) Moslems (strong- Yonkers, N. Y. 1919. m Central and Southern Albania); There has been a great deal of (3) Orthodox Greek (strong minori- ties in Southern and Central Aljust complaint of the destructive bania and (4) Protestants-a very criticism that has characterized the few converts of the work conducted teaching of many preachers and in- by the American Board missionaries. stitutions of learning. Even before The three leading religious forces men know what the Bible teaches are antagonistic, but Mr. ChekrezL they are told that it is not true. Many so called scholars and teachers holds that this element of discord adopt the premise that all knowledge can be ignored since "the weakest is attainable by intellectual investiga- point of the Albanian is his religion." gation and that the only scientific method of study is inductive. They With the return of peace there is ignore revelation and spiritual dis- ground for hope that Christian edcernment. Dr. McPherson' applies ucation will be promoted. the inductive scientific method to his study of rationalism in American A. Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By colleges and pulpits. He quotes Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 156 pp. Wesfrom text books and correspondents leyan Methodist Missionary Society, ~o show that the religious teaching London. 1918. m many of these training schools of the coming leaders creates unbelief These are methods for the home rather than faith. Dr. McPherson proves his case and then he points churches and not for the missionary. out the causes and the remedy for this "new theology." They range from the method of Albania-Past and Present. By Con- keeping missionary accounts in the stantine A. Chekrezi. 12mo. 255 pp. Maps. $2.25. The Macmillan Co. 1919. local society to the conduct of a Albania, the bone of contention in week of missionary meetings. There the Balkans, has been better known since William of Weid, the German are countless valuable suggestions Prince, was appointed ruler and then suddenly abdicated. Still Albania is taken from actual experience-misa mysterious country, about which few American's know anything defi- sionary teas, summer schools, games, nite. The Albanians are said to be the oldest race in the Balkans-they lectures, programs, mo~toes, posters, are certainly picturesque and interesting. This book is the most com- mothers' meetings, lending libraries, plete description of the country, the people and their history. advertising, curios, music, programs, Mr. Chekrezi, of Columbia Uni- etc., etc., The methods are adapted versity, is an Albanian who has studied at Korcha, at Athens and at Har- to all sorts of churches and occasions vard. He brings forward the claims of his people for an independent and will be a practical help to future. The book is full of valuable information and sh-ows the strength worried chairmen. . of Albanian character. The Albanians, however, net:d Christian educa- Robert and Mary. A Missionary Rotion. We have four religious groups mance of South Africa. Dramatized by Anita B. Ferris.

With ten characters and five scenes Miss Ferris gives a very simple and attractive missionary play based on "The Moffats"-a true story of love' and adventure. Try it in your Young People's Society or Sunday-school.

Fifty Years in China. By Samuel Isett Woodbridge. 12mo. 231 pp. Ma!) and illustrations. Presbyterian Com- mittee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1919.

The Presbyterian Church (South) has been half a century at work in China-having begun work there in 1867. This story of adventures and a history with a polemical purpose.

achievements is a history in the form The author's aim is frankly revoluof a text book for mission studv classes. Dr. Woodbridge as a former tionary. His point of attack is premissionary in China is well fitted dictive prophecy. There is no such for his task and has given us a thing and cannot be, so this history clear, condensed, accurate and in- of Old Testament interpretation forming volume. While it relates tries to prove. chiefly to the fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church, it has a wealth Mr. Fullerton does not minimize of interesting facts for all. Ithe radical character of this thesis. It works, he assures us, first of all a fundamental change in current The History of Religions. By E. Wash- ideas of inspiration. It makes im- burn Hopkins, Ph. D. 8vo. 624 pp. possible the conception of the infalli- $3.00. Macmillan, 1919. bility of Scripture. "Prophets pre- One's view of non-Christian reli- dicted many things which never gions depends on one's view of reli- have been and never will be ful- gion. Dr. Hopkins, the professor of filled." It is no less revolutionary Sanskrit and comparative philology in in the way it affects Messianic Yale University, defines religion as Prophecy. Christ fulfills no predic- "Squaring human life with superhu- tions, only prophetic ideals.· When man Life." . He believes in the evo- Jesus told his disciples that all lution of religious consciousness and things must be fulfilled "which are convictions, but his treatise consists written in the law of Moses and the for the most part of a brief descrip- Prophets and the Psalms concern- tion of the origin, character, belie'fs ing me," He was mistaken. Our au- and practices of each religion. He thor's position, as he himself tells does not doubt the historicity of us, excludes also the miraculous, Jesus, but his view point is seen but not,. as he thinks, the supernat- in the statement that "Buddhistic uraL And finally much to his own teachings affected the story of satisfaction it cuts the tap root of Jesus." He casts doubt on the vir- the millenial hope, which he calls gin birth, the miracles and the an anachronism in our age. If there resurrection as recounted in the Gos- was no prediction of the first Ad- pels. Dr. Washburn believes in vent, there can be none of the Christianity as the ideal religion, but Second Advent. Some of us may not as a direct revelation from God. go further and wonder what is left to our Christian faith.

Prophecy and Authority. By Kemper In the preface Mr. Fullerton ad- Fullerton, Professor of 01d Testa- mits with some reservation that ment Language and Literature, Ober- the conservatism of the Church is lin Graduate School of Theology. 214 a good thing. We agree with him pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. 1919. there; and we trust that there is enough of this saving conservatism In this volume Mr. Fullerton has even in our theological seminaries, given us an exceedingly interesting to repudiate the red radicalism and well written "history of· the which this book would teach. doctrine and interpretation of Scripture" more especially of the Old Testament and of Messianic Pro- Madame France. By R. Louise Fitch. phecy in particular. He is thor- .8vo. 189 pp. $1.50 net. The Wo- oughly familiar with his subject, man's Press, New York, 1919.

and simply as a history of exegeti- The story of what the French cal methods and principles from the women did to help win the war. Full Patristic Fathers down t6 the mod- appreciation is shown, and some things ern school of criticism, it excites "French" are entirely overlooked. The our admiration. Unfortunately it is beautiful and the good are pictured while the evil is almost overlooked. ment." Among the most helpful are Miss Fitch's view point is shown in those by Dr. A. C. Gaebelein on her statements that "Protestantism is "The Preeminence of the Lord a tiny bark in the sea of Catholicism" Jesus Christ" and "The Influence and that "the Catholic Church has of the Study of Prophecy on Life done all in its power to give spiritual and Service" by Dr. W. H. Griffith aid to its believers." Thomas. There are also addresses by Dr. James M. Gray, Rev. R. A. The Conscience and Concessions. By Torrey, Dr. Joseph W. C. Kemp, A. W. Anthony, D D. 12mo. 270 pp. Rev. W. B. Riley, the late Dr. ]. $1.50. Revell, 1919. Wilbur Chapman and others.

Dr. Anthony, the Executive Secre- John W. Stevenson. By Marshall tary of the Home Missions Council, Broomhall. 12mo. 95 pp. 2s. 6d. discusses the principles of federation Morgan and Scott, Ltd., 1919. and cooperation between various denominations. He endeavors to show A brief sketch of "one of Christ's how men may join in Christian work stalwarts" for over fifty years a miswithout surrendering conscientious sionary of the China Inland Mission. convictions. After tracing the steps He was a man of courage and faith, toward unity and noting the unifying methodical, simple in his tastes, loyal tendencies of the war, Dr. Anthony a~d a bulwark of strength to the mistakes up the protests of individualism sIon. and the broad basis of brotherhood. His "Practical Program of Valid Con- Those Who Have Come Back. By cession" includes a recognition of the Peter Clark Macfarlane. Illustrated. right to differ and the validity of 8vo. 269 pp. $1.50. Little, Brown & varied experiencies, the adoption of Co. Boston, 1914. an adequate program for world bet- Eight remarkable stories of men terment, knowledge joined through fellowship, the exercise of patience, and women rescued from evil livesopen mindedness and Christian char- including a morphia fiend, a bank burity. glar, a White-chapel woman, "Lucky Baldwin," and "Mel Trotter"-all Handbook of French and Belgian Prot- changed but apparently not all con- estantism. Prepared by Louis Sey- verted to Christ. Between the lines mou,r Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 7S we seem to read that these men and cents. Federal Council of Churches. women owe their new life to Christ, New York, 1919. but the author does not give Him fulI credit. Protestants are a live and important factor in France and Belgium. Amer- John P. Williamson. By Winifred E. ican Christians should know more Barton. 8vo. 269 pp. $1.75. Flemabout them and must help them to ing H. Revel! Co., 1919. rehabilitate themselves. This handbook gives the facts-historical and The life of' a well known missionpresent day. It is valuable for refer- ary to the Sioux Indians in South ence. Dakota. His life story is full of in- cident and shows the inspiring results Christ and Glory. Edited by A. C. of faithful work. Gaebelein. 8vo. 243 pp. $1.50. Our Hope. New York, 1919. Charles Chapin Tracy. By George E. White. 12mo. 80 pp. $1.00 net. These addresses delivered at the The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1919. New York Prophetic Bible Conference in Carnegie Hall last Novem- A brief sketch of the first President ber are of varying merit. They are of Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turall Bible expositions and include ad- key. Dr. Tracy was a missionary in dresses on "the Second Coming," Turkey for half a century and his "The Last Times" and the "Judg- work as an educationalist and lover of men abides. Your Money Will Make More For You!

A N incorporated organization of Christian workers desires a loan. Want to open up new work for which funds are pledged but not immediately collectible. Adequate security given. Interest at rate of 10%, paid quarterly or semi-annually, at option of lender. This is the legal rate in the state under whose "Blue Sky Law" we hold charter. You are offered THREE ADVAN- TAGES: a, safety of loan as good as with any Bank; b, an interest rate above average in the East; c, a chance to help the work of some folks who stand for the Gospel as preached by all evangelical churches.

Write Pastor, Lock Box 918, Indianapolis, Indiana.

~nr~nu THE BEST MISSIONARY STORIES AND PICTURES FOR BOYS AND GIRLS raiblt Picture Sheds to make into scrap-books Fascinating Stories to tell to children I} CIt 0 liege A Stamp Book for a new kind of collection THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Everyland Picture Sheets: Religious-Educational College course of 4 years. Graduate School Chinese Snapshots; Chinese Boys and Girls; . of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Armenians and Syrians; Mexicans in the legiate and advanced degre~s. Two United States; The Orientals in America; year collegiate training course. In- Children of the City. and others.

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Prece, SO cents eacb, postpaid Order from any dencminational headquarters or from the MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT NATHAN R. WOOD, President .f th. UNITED STATES and CANADA Boston, Ma..~ Cordon.Bible College '160 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.

Please mention TH$ MISSIONARY Rtvlltw OF TH~ WORl,D in writing to advertisers A Special Offer Life and Works of Arthur T. Pierson By special arrangement we are able to make the following offer to subscribers of the REVIEW. Those who know Dr. Pierson and his books need not be told of the unique value of his works-the stimulus. interest, information and practical value contained in them. The books are mines of information and rich treasure houses-the result ot fifty years of study and experience.

The Life of Arthur T. Pierson written by his son Delavan L. Pierson Dr. J. H. Jowett says of this life story:- "The story of • noble ministry. filled with fervent devotion and strenuous endea.vor from el'd to end. Dr. Pierson had the gift of a. consecra.ted ingenuity. He was a. llkililul fisherman in the waters of life. His record is 301.0 the story of a great Bible student. The passion for Biblical .tudy eEl·me to him "ery early. and the lervor of it never grew cool. Mr. Pierson gives us the privilege 01 looking into his father's workshop, and we see the Bible student at his hest. The biography is well done. It gives us a U,il1g ma.n-Do man whose work will long abide, and whose memory remains fragrant among all bis flie:nds."

The book gives the ,eeret of Dr. Pier,on', success as a Bible student-a preacher-a pastor-an editor and a missionary crusader. Dr. Pierson filled some of the largest and most important pulpit, in America and in England. He had remarkable experiences in spiritual growth and power, in answered prayer. He travelled widely and came into close personal contact with the outstanding leaders of his day. This life-story is one of absorbing interest and unusual value. If you have not read it, do so without delay. Regular price $1.65 (postpaid.). Special price to REVIEW Subscribers (postpaid) $1.20 – Have You Read These Books By Dr. Pierson?

THE LIFE OF GEO. MULLER. Thepatriarch of Ohrist. These messages will stimulate preachof Bristol. Few lives have had a greater influence ers of today to new Vitality. They are BihlicaJ. n the past 100 years than that of George Muller spiritual, practical, powerful. Regular price $1.37 "Vhose work of faith is known all over the world. – (postpaid). Our price $1.10 (p"stpald). "'us authorized biogra.phy re"eals the secret of his power as SBen in his letters and diary. Regular THE ACTS OF THE HOL Y SPIRIT. An price $1.65 (postp~..id). Our special price $1.25 unusua I exposition of the Book of the Acts. This (postpaid). will be especia.lly valuable to teachers and preach- ers who plan to tollow the Sunday School lessons THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. A book that has in The Acts. These studies throw new light on made many missionarieE'. It tells the wonderful the Book. Regular price 85e (postpaid). Our story of the call of God through the events of his- Special price 63c (postpaid). tory. Paper edition rfgular price 45c (postpaid). Our special price 35c (pcstpaid). MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. This is one of the most widely used and successful of any of the SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. The story many volume~ giving the arguments for the truth of.the wonderful work of God through the minis- of the Christian Religion. It shows the facts try of W. A. B. Johnson quite as remarkable as about prophecy, miracles, personal experience and the story of John G. Paton. Regular price $1.12 the character and work of Jesus Ohrist. Those (postpaid). Special price S2c (postpaid). dealing with doubt9rB or young people with un- formed faith will find this book of great value. THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL. Burning mess- Published originally at $1.10 (postpaid). Our ages that re'eal the secret of power in the Gospel Special Price SSe (pcstpaid). -..

If you have not read th£se books ftccept this special offer and seDd for them Dew. T~s also an oppcr1unity for church libraries, tnissionary socleties and Sunday Schools.

R. H. Howland 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention TH. MrSSIONAllY R.l(vliw OIt 'tHIt WOR["P in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS fuv. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMER, D. D., of Cairo, sailed for England August 16. After spending two weeks in England in the interests of the Nile Mission Pre.ss he will proceed to Cairo to resume his work in the Cairo Mission and Theological Seminary. Dr. Zwemer has spent fifteen months in the United States in response to a call from "the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

DR. PAUl, HAIUUSON of Arabia writes For my sermons, I use that he has recently taken a second jour- the large, bold type. ney to Riadh, Central Arabia, and found Then by "Just turning a friendly spirit among the people. The Bedouins are in the throes of a tremen- the knob" the &~ dous revival of orthodox Mohammedan- t"l1>e' 11 ,.e.a.~~ ~o,. …… ism. They come to the mis.sionary for medicine, but afterwards would not recog- ~,.~a.~e. co,.,.e,~o~~e~clI. nize the "infidel" doctor on the street. 6, SundAY School not'ces.

REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., Secretary of the American Board, and his party have arrived safely in Japan.

DR. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, veteran medi- "Many Typewriters In One" cal missionary of Van, Turkey, is at present living in California, and has recently made a short speaking tour through the southern part of that state.

MISS MARY J. CAMPBEl,l" author of Would you. like to know wh'll the Multiplex Hamrnnud is so popular with "The Power House at Pathankot" is the ALL claues of people' ".,.e ca.n tell national temperance organizer for all In- you in /011.7 words: dia. Miss Campbell has been a missionary of the United .Presbyterian Church Becaullft of its lreraatiHty! for thirty-three years, and the Indian Government, recognizing the imporlance The 11 ulttplbX H ammon.oJ does everyof her temperance work, has awarded her thing any other typewriter will do, the Kaisar-i-Hind medal. and buide,<" if you "Just tum the BISHOP JOHN M. MOORE, of the Metho- knob" you can chan~tI (rom one style dist Episcopal Church, South, has gone to or type, or from one Jangua.g'fi, to an- Rio de Janeiro, where he will be OCC't- other. Note the abo,"e specimon pied with Episcopal duties until the end (s1Jghtly rool1(,oo) all wTiU8n on U~. of the year. He will return to the United States to take part in the Commis- SAME machine. sion on the Unification of Methodism. No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. MISS VAN SOMMER, founder of the Egypt General Mission and of the Nile No matter who Mission Press, has opened a book shop in you Ire. what you Jerusalem which will eventually be are, or where you stocked with Hebrew and other books for ….e, the Multiplex the increasing Jewish population, in 'l. Mi- Hammond Is the tion to a full supply of books in Arabic wrltln~ m&chlne for Moslem readers. for YOU. M&U the coupon ! 0 r MR. CHARLES V. VICKREY, Executive Cree tolder Secretary of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, has gone to Also a PORTABLE Model Armenia and Syria with four other mem- Full capacity. Weight about 11 pound•. Continued on page xii Ask tor lIP,,,;,,, (old.,… Mailed free.

lnquire about apecial terros to prof~lI.ional.

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THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69d~ St., New York City. Please send free Fold…- to: Name Add~ ________________________ Occupatioo _______________________ Please JDtntion THJ; MISSIONARY R.(vu:w 01' ~HJt WORLD in writing to advertisers OldBi hi es Continued from page xi Re-Bound bers of the organization to make a special Haven't you often wanted that old survey of both relief and reconstruction Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all work. its associations and sentiment ? You have wondered where you could have Tm: RT. REv. BISHOP WESTCOTT of the work done, and perhaps you have Chota Nagpur has been appointed to sucthought the price would be high. ceed the late Bishop Lefroy as Metropoli- tan of the Anglican Church in India. You can have your Bibles and Hymn Bishop Vestcott is President of the Na- Books re-bound inexpensively and tional Missionary Council of India, and well-Ieatner or doth, as you prefer. is therefore familiar with the problems of the Christian Church in India. Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-} will send you an estimate of MR. S. H. Gr.ADSTONE:, treasurer of the the cost subject to your approval be- Conference of Missionary Societies of Great Britain, vice-president of the fore the work ;s done. If this estimate Church Missionary Society and member of the Central Board of Missions, has is not satisfactory, I will return your been elected President of' the London Bible without charge. Jews' Society.

R. H.HOWLAND BISHOP WII,LIAM F. ANDE:RSON of the 156 Fifth Ave., New York Methodist Episcopal Church has been in attendance at the Denmark Conference. the first time since the outbreak of the war when an American Bishop has visited any of the Scandinavian Conferences.

Rev. Wn,LIAM RE:~n'RY HUNT, F. R. G. S.. missionary to China for thirty years. has been decorated by the Chinese Gov- ernment and by the Chinese Red Cross Society for his services in relieving fa- mine suffering.

American Motherhood DR. TASUKU HARADA of Kyoto, Japan, former president of the Doshisha, the For Every Home in the Land leading Christian institution of his coun- try, is taking a year of rest and travel, and has made a brief visit to the United States.

Recognized Authority on REV. BRENTON T. BADLE:Y, who has for two years been representing India in the The MOTHER Methodist Centenary, has returned to In- The CHILD and dia as executive secretary of the Centen- The HOME ary Movement for India and Burnr!, with headquarters at Lucknow. $1.25 per Year BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE:, who has With Mi••ionary Review, $3.15 been in America for the past fifteen months, has left to hold Conferences of THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Nortl, India, Bengal and the Philippine Islands. Cooper.town, N. Y. MR. N. W. TILAK, Indian Christian patriot and poet, died at Bombay on May 9th,. 1919. Mr. Tilak spent several years of his early life wandering from one part of India to another studying religions, and in 1895 publicly declared his ac- ceptance of Christianity. From that time he has continued to teach Christianity by pen and speech.

Please mention TH:t MISS10NARY Ravntw OJ' 'tHJt W~RI.D in writing to ~dvertisers NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Do You Believe in the Heroes of Faith in Japan. Edward L. Supernatural Pell, D. D. Edited by E. B. Chap- pell, D. D. Map. 101 pp. 25c. Pub- IF you offer your Sunday-school lishing House of the M. E. Church, South Nashville, Tenn. 1918.

About Little Folks in Japan. Edited class anything less than the by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 40 pp. supernatural, your Sunday-school Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. work will be a failure. For this Boys and Girls of an Island Empire. Prepared by Lucy Foreman. Edited reason The Sunday School Times by E. B. Chappell, D. D. 48 pp. offers you every week, Smith and Lamar, Nashville. 1918. -a supernatural Bible: a book which in The Opportunity for Religion. By every syllable is God's very Word: God- Harry F. Ward. 12'0. 66 pp. 60c. breathed, unique, authoritative, infallible. New York: The Woman's Press. 1919. -a supernatural Christ: a Saviour who Social and Religious Life of Italians in is God, supernaturally born of a virgin, America. By Enrico C. Sartorio. 147 working miracles of love and omnipotence, pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing dying as our Substitute, His body mir- House, Boston. 1919. aculously raised from the dead, able to save to the uttermost, and coming back Christianizing Christendom. By S. L. to reign OVer His earth. Morris. 206 pp. 12mo. Richmond: Presbyterian Committee of Publica- -a supernatural Life for every believer, tion. 1919. Christ· Hhnself liYing iu victory in you: winning others to Himself through you Standing By: War-time reflections in 2nd making your service for Him a thrill- France and Flanders. Robert Keable. ing adventure of testimony and results. 12mo. 271 pp. $2.00 net. E. P. Dut- ton & Co., New York. With all this, the Sunday School Times also offers you fte most success- The Napoleon of the Pacific: Kame. ful methods of natural efficiency in hameha the Great. By Herbert H. Sunday-~chooI and church work; a corps of a dozen trained ~pecialists Gowen, F. R. G. S. 8vo. IlIus. 326 writing for you every week on the pp. $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell International Improved Uniform Les- sons, and so many other remarkable Co., New York. 1919. features that it will take a whole series of advertisements to tell about them. Helps for Students of History: The Study of Colonial History. By A. P. Watch-but don't wait-for these Newton, M. A. Pamphlet. 46 pp. 20e. coming adverti,ements: there is no need of going another week without London: Society for Promoting all that this Bible-study-and-teaching- Christian Knowledge. 1919. and – Christian – service journal will bring into your life. You can get Ministers of Mercy. By James H. acquainted for a quarter with Franklin. Illus. 239 pp. 12mo. Cloth, 75c; paper, SOc. Missionary Education Movement. 1919.

The Spread of Christianity in the Mod. ern World. By Edward Caldwell Moore. 12mo. 352 pp. $2.00 net. University of Chicago Press. 1919.

The Adventurous Arab; Four Mission· ary Lessons for the Sunday School. 8 pp. 4d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C.

Mission Study Council. 1919. .

The Jew Throughout the Ages; Tableaux Thousands of persons are saying, and Dialogue. By Amy Steedman. 16 pp. 6d. net. Edinburgh: U. F. C. with real joy, "Why didn't I learn ". c~.. Mission Study Council. 1919. about· this paper before?" Village Evangelization. No.3. Edited by H. D. Griswold, D. D. 44 pp. My- Will you give yourself- ",,< "," THE sore: Wesleyan Mission Press. 1918. and your friends- SUNDAY Palestine of the Jews. Past, Present this experience o'f>- and Future. By Norman Bentwich. as quickly sa ~'" -ll0 SCHOOL TIMES 288 pp. 6s. net. London: Paul Ke- possible? gan. '1918. o~.</ COMPANY The Consuming Fire. By Harris E. or; 1031 Walnut St., Phila. Kirk. 183 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Company, New York. .;,,<:>1(; For the 25 cents encIo~ o.~ Why We Fail as Christians. By Rob- please send the Snnday School ert Hunter. 180 pp. $1.60. The Mae- millan Company, New York. 1918. …..",,(I Times for 10 weeks to ••c,. N'etre O~ Addre~~s~_________________________ Please mention THJt MISS]ONAllY ~VIlCW OJ' i'Hlt WORLD in lPri.ting to advertisers A Campaign to Educate One Hundred Russian Converted Students at the Russian Bible and Educational Institute during the 1919-1920 School Year Come that they had decided to support one of the students during the next School Year. over Needless to say, this offer has given us and much JOY and encouragement, being the first towards the support of a student for next help W: ~ea~an~~dh:~di~inllij~h'sOfex~:ri;~t:~~. dal:~ us hope and pray that the unselfish and sacrificial spirit of these three Scotch sisters will be We desire to bring over from Franc~ from just a forerunner of a great cloud and mighty 30 to 50 Russian converted war pnsoners. showers of blessing. Through the reading of God's Word an.d the preaching of the Gospel to them by therr A few days after the visit of the Scotch fellow prisoners, who were believers bef~re. sisters, a Russian Chr.istian lady came to see many Russian war prisoners were saved dUrI!lg us in Philadelphia. Since her conversion all their imprisonment in Germany and AustrIa. her life has been one of sacrifice and service. A number of them have made their· way to As she heard of our plan to support the France and now there is a possibility of Russian students, she earnestly said: "May I bringing them over and placing them in our take one?" So thus far two of the hundred are already provided for-Ebenezer! And a SC~h~~e are also a number of Russians con- member of our Board of Directors. has alsO' signified his intention of provid.in~ for a verted in our M:ss:on Stations in the United States who should be trained for the .Lord's ~~~~~~:sh7~ ~~~niir!, dth~esn ~~el~o a~di~:s ~~~ an all to our Hfriendly interest" list.. waf:' costs $250 b? support a student for..the By the second week in September of whole year. includmg board, room and tuttton. the squares should be filled up. We earnestly Can we count on you for the support of one, ho-pe that we shall not be compelled to close two, three or four students? Perhaps some friend will take five, another ten. Last year the door of our School to anyone who loves. two dear Christian friends of our work. a the Lord and wants to be equipped for a husband and wife, took 20 students to sup- more useful ministry. port. A liberally inclined and mIssion-zealous Not only individuals, but Churches, Sunday prominent minister, to meet the pledge of the Schools and Young People~s Societies can also husband, took Ul)on' hi.mself the support of te.n more. Are there any this year who will go be interested in this plan. A noble example and do likewise? If your heart is stirred to of this was given last year by the Galilee do so kindly sign your' name and adrlress on Baptist Church, of Denver, Colo., which, under the opposite page of the "Missionary Review." Each square represents one student. The the able leadership of Rev. Joshua Gravett. pledges can be paId any time during the the Pastor, supported several students during Schoo! Year. last year.

The squares marked "taken" represent sup.. There will be a number of readers who will port already promised. The beginning has find it impossible to support one student. already been made. It happened in this way: They should not lose interest on that account.. as the gifts of la, 20, 50 or even 100 people th~~er~o~f: gh~i;tl~~ ~~:te~:ty Thfp.vP1!~1telr~: could be grouped together into the support of a student. There may be others who .can dear old Scotland. Wbile in Glasgow, con.. organize in groups of 2, 3, 5 and more, tonected· with Pastor Findlay's Miss.on, one take upon themselves the support of a evening they heard Pastor Feder speak on student. We should like e"l"ery one of the Russia. Ever since that time th.eir hearts readers of "The Missionary Review of the have been drawn out towards that needy land. WorldH to do someth~ng towards the training Reading in the May issue of "The Fdend of of missionaries for Russla during our next Russia9' the appeal to help the poor Russian year. people with warm garments or otherwise, two of the sisters walked into our office and All those who cannot subscribe the full handed us a donaf.on of $15. and expressed amount of $250 are requested to strike out their desire to send a trunk of clothing to that amount in the square on the sheet and the poor people in Russia. put down the amount that they are able and· inclined to give. As we sat down in the office and talked about the things of the Lord, one of the The pledges and payments for students' ~l:sten said that they had been present at the support should be sent to Mr. G. Percy Fox, Bethany Presbyterian Church at the close of the School Year. where they heard the Rus- Treasurer. Russian Bible Institute. 1820 Spring. sian students sing and play, and where an Garden Street, Philadelphia, Pa, appeal was made for friends to take upon themselves the support of some students during REMARKS BY THE DONOR. the next year. The ihree sisters thought and prayed about the matter, and now told us Please mention THE: MISSIONARY REVI~W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1918

AERO VIEW OF JERUSALEM AND THE MOUNT OF

Ten Million:Lepers Need Your Help The estimate given by Dr. Victor G. Heiser-of the Rockefeller Foundation and formerly Health Director of the Philippine Islands-indicating an approximate minimum of two million Lepers in the w9rld, has re-emphasized the importance of the work for which The Mission to Lepers is responsible.

This International and Interdenomina- some two hundred cases have been free from tional Society was founded in 1874 by traces of the Leprosy for more than two Mr. Wellesley C. Bailey, representing years. Research is being continued, new one of the Americ.an Foreign Mission remedies and new applications of old ones sought-with the encouraging result that Boards. Yearly the work has grown many patients have been released on parole.

and the Society has expanded. Its four c. To Supply Their Simple Wants present objectives are: Lepers-homeless and hungry-surprised to a. To Preach the Gospel to the Lepers find sympathy-rejoice to receive food, cloth- The Lepers respond gladly to Christian teaching. Their sincere joy in service offers ing and shelter. When physically able, they fine examples for emulation. There are now over 6,000 Baptized Christians in the Leper gladly undertake gardening, raising frUIt Homes connected with this Mission and we need your help to mainfain the work. and caring for their cooking and clothes. In b. To Relieve Their Dreadful Sufferings the Mission Stations, ample care can be given Suffering always appeals. Note the way in with an approximate annual expense of only which relief is rushed to our War sufferers, but what War sufferer today would ex- $25.00 for each patient. Such a great service change places with the Leper? The Mission to Lepers, through direct contributions, by for such a small amount ought to touch the visitation in many lands, and by establishing and sustaining the work in no less than hearts of every lover of suffering men. ninety-two Hospitals and Homes for Lepers, has relieved and saved many thousands. women and cl1ildren everywhere. Doctors and nurses have multiplied their ministries by teaching Lepers themselves the d In TI' me t RI'd the Woird' f Leprosy art of bandaging and dressing. In connection with the American Asylum under Govern- • 0 0 ment control in the Philippine Leper Colony, clinical records show that under treatment In the middle ages, France and Great Britain had many Lepers. In more recent years, there were thousands in Norway. Now Great Britain and France have practically none and there are few in Norway. In the Philip- pine Islands ten years ago, there were said to be 9,OOO-now but 5,000. In the Hawaiian Islands twelve years ago, over 1,300-now half that many. What has wrought this change? The ans'wer is, segregation. AI- most 4,000 years ago, this plan was insti- tuted by Jehovah. It brings results. And you can help., The Mission to Lepers is leading in a world movement for segregation of Lepers in all lands. Governments and Mission Boards are co-operating in the United States, Japan, Korea, China, India, and Siam. Your support is needed-urgently.

If, as estimated, one person out of every seven hundred and fifty living today, is suffering from this preventable disease, who is responsible ? We are. We can at least help stay the plague.

Are you ready to do your part to help this Society realize its four objectives, which we repeat:- (a) To preach the Gospel to the Lepers; (b) To relieve their dreadful sufferings; (c) To. supply their simple wants; (d) In time to rid the world of Leprosy.

Then, send your gift, which is so much needed today, to Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer, 158 Fifth Ave., New York. Gifts are needed for general funds, for building purposes, as well as for "Christmas" for the Lepers.

Wm. laySchieffelin, Chairman; Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer,' W. M. Danner, Secretary.

Reference:-The officers of the Mission Boards of any Church or Society in America or in Great Britain.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORJ,.D in writing to advertisers The Scene of Great Events in the Redemptive Work of Christ, and Recently in the Reclamation by the Allied Forces The tower of the Russian Church of the Ascenscion is seen on horizon at the left and in front of it the "Dome of the Rock" or Mosque of Gmar in the Temple Area

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOl,. December, 1918 NUMBER XLI. TWELVE SIGNS Of THE TIMES "M THE OUTLOOK FOR PEAOE AKE a joyful noise unto God, all the Earth; sing forth the glory of His name; make His praise glorious," (Psalm 66: 1, 2). When on the n;'orning of November eleventh, the news spread abroad that Germany had accepted the terms of armistice, a wave of. rejoicing spread over the war-wearied earth-even in the enemy's camps and cities-and hostilities ceased as if under the spell of the .Master's "Peace be still." The bells of victory sounded the death knell of militarisp and the creed of the iron fist that "might is right." "The Lord hath broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers that smot.e the people in wrath with a continual stroke." (Isaiah 14 :5, 6). With the onward march of the Allies, kingdoms founded on arbitrary power and hereditary rights have crumbled and kings and princes have b€come weak as Samson shorn of his locks. In Europe and Asia today the ancient established order is changing, the fountains of the political deep are breaking up and a new day is dawning.

The question is~what next? It will be many months before any true estimate can be prepared showing what has been gained and lost in this world war. England alone has lost nearly a million men, and in all, probably at least eight million fighting men have died in addition to those who have succumbed to disea.se, starvation and war conditions in Europe, Asia and Africa. The price paid in men, in money and in devastation and suffering has been incalculable. Is the result worth the cost? That depends on the next steps.

Europe is still in turmoil. National militarism has been dethroned, but the individual appeal to the power of the sword still stands. In Russia the power of the Bolsheviki, with the red flag of the

working men and soldiers, has replaced the power of autocratic aris· tocracy.. The Bolsheviki are seeking to establish themselves in Europe and America and in fact throughout the world. This means that instead of a perpendicular division between peoples, on the line of national and racial ambitions and antagonism, the Bolsheviki are seeking to establish a horizontal division internationally between classes of men. They aim at the subjugation of the propertied class to the laboring class.

There is reason to rejoice over the victory that has been won and to remember with honor the men and women who have laid down their lives for the cause of freedom from the military yoke, but there is no reason for. self-gratulation or self-confidence; no reason to think that by our own might we have achieved victory or can maintain it. Democracy is not a solution of the world's problems. At this hour it behooves us to stop and to remember God. In Him alone can we put our trust, and only in the principles and saving poWer of Jesus Christ is there any hope for the world. He not only made of one all nations to dwell on the face of the earth, but He broke down the barriers between high and low, rich and poor, Jew and Gentile, to make all ONE in Him. Only on this principle and basis can there be lasting peace.

AFTER THE WAR-WHAT?

A LREADY the maps of Europe, of Asia and of Africa have cha.nged. With Palestine and Syria, Constantinople, Damascus and Bag- dad in the hands of the Allies, the power of the Turk is broken and a new day is dawning in Moslem lands. The darh:est spot iu Asia today is Persia: caught between the millstones of Turkish cruelty arid Russian collapse, the land has been made desolate-especially iIi the Northwest. A good Samaritan, of self-sacrificing spirit, is needed to save Persia from utter desolation. Already Christians interested in Moslem lands are beginning to plan the reconstruction work in Asia Minor and Syria. The doors will doubtless be opened wide for missionary work and au adequate program should be devised. There is need of the same devotion, sacrifice and energy in pushing this campaign for God as was evidenced by the forces of General Allenby in winning the Holy Land from the domination of the Turk.

Another dark area of vast extent is Russia, with her 180,000,000 people including Protestants, Roman and Greek' Catholics, Buddhists, Moslems and Atheists. Here is a land in a state of anarchy, with a helpless mass of humanity, unequal to self-government. Order will doubtless be brought out of chaos with the help of the Allies. In the meantime, Christians in America' and England should prepare to evangelize this great mass of humanity so long kept in oppression, ignorance and superstition, until millions of them have come to deny the very

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

existence of God. What was Russia contains half as many people as India, more than all Africa and three times as many as in all Latin America. They have been almost whoHy untouched by evangelical teaching. Here is an opportunity for Christian statesmanship in the formation of a program for Russia's evangelization by a union of Christian effort, unmarred 1)y denominational rivalry.

Africa is another land that must have attention. The German colonies have been conquered and German missions transferred. A new era for Africa calls for Christian generalship like that which united the Allied forces under General Foch and determined where and how each station should be occupied, so that victory to the cause might come most speedily. Is not the Cause of Christ as worthy as the cause of democracy?

THE OUTLOOK AT HOME T HE war has ended so suddenly that men have scarcely had time to catch their breath or take their bearings under the new con- ditions. Four million Americans and as many British and I<"'rench soldiers and naval reserves must be demobilized and return to paths of peace; nearly as many munition workers must readjust themselves to new conditions; a million men will return home wounded or partially incapacitated through disease and must be cared for; ten thousand war workers will in the next twelve months leave their work in "Y" huts and other halls to return to churches, associations, professions or business at home. Surely the problems of the months to come are almost as great as those through which we have just passed. The nation was not ready for war, but bent to the task and soon made ready with wondrous success. Is the Church ready for the victories of peace? If not, will she bend to the task as earnestly and devotedly and as successfully? There is as great need for prayer now for Divine guidance and help as there has ever been in the darkest days of the war.

,When the men come home will they find the Church and the nation ready to receive them? There is the temperance question to be settled; what is harmful to men's efficiency and morals in times of war is equally inexcusable in times of peace. There are the questions of profanity, of Sabbath observance ,and of amusements that have been made more difficult by the abnormal conditions under which men have lived in war time. 'There are the questions of Church worship, of sectarianism, and of popular but unfounded religious ideas; there are the problems of the enlistment of the new leadership and the employment for the energies of men and women who have learned the joy of service. What will the Y. M. C. A. and other organizations do when their present gigantic task is finished? Was there ever a period in the history of the world more fraught with danger or more bristling with opportunities? It behooves the leaders of the Church

to study these spiritual problems as diligently as statesmen, educators and industrial and commercial leaders are studying the problems that affect mainly things material and temporal. God is surely as ready to lead the way in peace as in war. Are Ohristians as ready to follow and to obey the commands of Ohrist as Americans have been to observe the orders for food and paper conservation, and for gasless Sundays? Will we respond as heartily to calls for united effort and sacrificial giving as we have to appeals for war workers and for the Liberty Loans?

THE EFFEOT OF THE WAR IN INDIA M ANY indications on the mission field in India show that t.he war is directly responsible for the way things are pointing. All mission workers are ready to admit that the ultimate goal of mission effort is strong Ohristian character, with self-support and self-government amongst. the people evangelized. Up to the present, the attainments to this end are far from satisfactory because the aver- age Indian Ohristian has been content to be ruled and supported, as far as his Ohurch is concerned, by the missionary. Oonsequently he has not developed any marked executive ability or responsibility. Some t.ime ago an Indian preacher of over twenty years' experience was appointed to a position of authority, but begged to he excused and was content to remain as a pastor of a small station rather than shoulder the responsibility of the new appointment. The younger men are, on the contrary, looking forward to the time when the affairs of t.lieir Ohurch shall be in t.heir own hands.

Oorrespondents in India write that the war has been used by the "home rulers" of India to further their cause. The policy of the British Government, as announced in Par!iament last August., is "the increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administ.ration, and t.he gradual development of self-governing inst.itutions, with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of t.he British Empire."

Self-government. is t.hus to be gained by successive stages, and all who have studied the history of the Indian people feel that this is the only way to successfully attain this desired end. There are upwards of three hundred millions of people in India and their whole manner of life must be changed, for they have never had any authority in their country, but always accepted their laws from the hand of their rulers. An Anglo-Indian writer,. Sir Francis Younghusband, says, "Indians have been accustomed throughout their history to autocratic forms of government; their social institutions, their teaching, their philosophy of life are all based upon the principle of authority and tradition. They have been bred to accept commands and authoritative decisions, and to lean upon precedent. They have not been

accustomed to think for themselves. If they are to be fitted for selfgovernment, all this has to be changed-to be exactly reversed. Selfgovernment in the political sphere will be of no avail unless social institutions also are permeated with the idea of freedom and responsibility, and social institutions will not be thus imbued unless the native disposition of the people has been changed. The great political change from the principle of autocracy to the principle of democracy cannot be made unless the people make social changes also. Institutions, social and religious, which are based on authority will have to be remodeled on a b:;lsis of justice and liberty. People instead of expecting their activities to be directed and imposed on them from above will have to depend upon the wellspring of activity which cometh from within." This will be no easy task, but though it will take years to accomplish, the Indian people are satisfied that the Government will continue to follow this policy until the desired end is reached.

All this has a direct bearing upon the Church in India, for it is inconceivable that the people are going to have home rule in their government and not in their Church, and it is the Church's duty to prepare the Ohristian community for it, just as the government is preparing the country at large. There is a feeling amongst the Indian Christians that this has not been aimed at as zealously as it might have been and that self-support rather than self-government is the goal which is continually kept before them. An Indian gentleman, Sir N. Chandavakar, in appealing to the European community a few months ago on this question, said, "sound finance means finding ways and means by taxation for the increasing demands of the Administration and the growing political, social and economic interests and responsibilities of the country. Are you going to raise them, as you have done till now, without the responsible voice of the people, and thereby raise discontent as before and now, or will you give them that voice so that they may be able to realize their responsibility and help the Administration in securing the interests of sound finance?"

.This question can be applied to the Indian Church and must not be set aside without due consideration. The Indian members of conferences and councils of the churches have an equal vote with the missionaries and in the majority of cases far outnumber the latter, but anyone who has attended any number of the conferences and councilI'! knows that the will of the missionary is supreme. But a new day is dawning; "home rule" is in the air and the coming minister of the Indian Church is going to exert more authority than his brethren of the past.

The Indian people must be allowed to develop their Church after their own individuality and not according to the pattern of an American or English church. Their peculiar characteristics may be developed and given scope in order that the Indian Church will not only be

self-supporting but self-governed. We believe the Church should, like the government, declare its policy and work toward the goal as steadfastly as toward the goal of self-support.

The method by which the British government seeks to attain this end is.a method of co-operation. For mall'Y years they have been associating Indians with Europeans in many of their public works, with the resuIt that the Indian non-official has not only learned from a competent person the things of the western world, but the official also has gained the Indian viewpoint. The resurt is a happy understanding and better co-operation. We believe that this should be the policy of the Church. The younger men should be initiated into the ways of mission finance and mission government, and in co-operation with the missionaries themselves work and plan that each may learn from the other what will be for the benefit of all. Unless this is done there is a danger of losing much that has been gained and the home rule spirit may break out in a way which it will be hard to control.

To this end missionaries should begin to cultivate that attitude of heart and mind which will enable them to accept an Indian fellowlaborer as director in the things which pertain to the government of the Church and schools for his people. If these -things can be accomplished, there will arise out of the reconstruction which is sure to follow the war an Indian Church which will be the glory arid pride of the Church in the home land.

A STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY IN FRANCE W HEN China threw in her lot with the cause of the Allies she . sent an expedition to northern Manchuria, and there quelled the Boisheviki who were threatening the 'life and property and supplies of the Allies. But, perhaps, the act of China, most important, was the sending of a host of coolies to work behind the battle lines of France, thereby releasing multitudes of men in the allied countries fO,r the stern and terrible work of the trenches.

A great problem emerges from this aggregation of Chinese in France. What is to be done for the soul-welfare of this great company of picked workmen? Shall only warm clothing, wash-basins, smoking tobacco, soap, cooking utensils, blankets, graphophones and books-all these that minister to the present life-be provided and soul nourishment be denied the souls of these men which the church is issuing to the pris' oners of all nationalities in their prison camps? Should the Gospel be denied these war-workers while evangelistic effort without stint is put forth for almost every other class of men engaged in the world war? They have good mental powers, along with many solid and admirable characteristics, the opportunity open to them for broadening of mind and general development that comes from seeing other lands and other men is p0S8ibly more marked than in any other class.

COMMENT

A CALL TO PRAISE AND PRAYER M ANY calls to prayer were issued during the war and many cities and towns observed a trysting time with God. Since the cessation of hostilities there have been many celebrations of victory, some hilarious, some disgraceful and others uplifting and worshipful. Calls to meetings for praise and thanksgiving have been sent out to the churches and to all who believe in God-thanksgiving for victory many months in advance of the date when military experts said that it could be expected; thanksgiving for the maintenance of a high morale in the Allied armies and navies, for the sympathy and co-operation of manlY different races and nations, for the spirit of service and of sacrifice that has been developed and for the loyal co-operation of laborers at home.

Some day there may be written a history of God's providence in the war, not only in such crises as in the "Vision of Mons," when captured Germans declared that they saw a vision of hosts of reinforcements-which were not there in the flesh-but in such events as the presence of the Czecho-Slovaks in Russia and in the unplanned availability of the miles of pipe in Alexandria, which were used to carry water to the British army across the desert to Palestine.

There are reasons for praise and thanksgiving to God more than ever before, but there are also new reasons for prayer: (1) That those who gather at the peace table may be guided in wisdom to adopt plans that will make for righteousness, brotherly love and the advancement of God's program for mankind.

(2) For those bereaved by the war and for sufferers in many lands, that they may be led Godward and may find peace and joy in lives of service.

(3) For defeated Germany, Austria and Turkey, that they may truly see God's fatherly hand in their discipline and may opep their hearts to Him.

(4) For stricken Russia, Serbia, Belgium and Persia, that thEly may be re-established in peace and order and that the new governments set up in Europe may base their laws and ideals upon the laws of God.

(5) For the lands that have been more remotely affected by the war~China, India, Siam, Africa and Latin America-that they may be brought through the period of reconstruction speedUy and successfully.

(6) For the war workers and those in war industries, that they may complete the period of readjustment without unnecessary disturbance and may come through it strengthened for larger service to mankind.

(7) For the Church, the Y. M. C. A. and other organizations, that their standards of service, of sacrifice, of faith and of life may be pu-rified, uplifted and brought more into harmony with the teachings of God's Word and the Spirit of Jesus Christ.

(8) Above all that men. may not depend upon human wisdom, material resources or wordly aims, but may seek the wisdom and power of God's Spirit and may be led to prepare for and to expect the coming of Jesus Christ to reign and to subdue all things unto Himself.

, THE NEED FOR CHRIST.IAN COLLEGES A SMALL Christian college in New England, which recently celebrated the centennial of its birth, has never had, in the one hundred years of its existence, an attendance that ex- ceeded one hundred students, yet its record of graduates shows 542 clergymen, 70 foreign missionaries, 102 college professors, 32' COllege presidents, 9 governors of States, and 15 members of Congress.

De Pauw University, a Methodist institution, also numbers among its graduates 448 ministers and missionaries, 107 editors and journalists, 146 college professors, 57 college presidents, 5 governors, 15 members of Congress, 2 Cabinet officers, and a host of other public servants and useful citizens. These two illustrations, cited by the Methodist Episcopal Board of Education, are typical of what Christian colleges have been doing for civilization in the United States and foreign lands.

Careful tabulation shows that one Christian university sent more men and women into the foreign field than all the state universities of the country put together. The Student Volunteer Movement reports for a period of five years: foreign missionaries from Christian schools and collegeS–:—82 per cent; from state and city universities and schools-13 per cent; miscellaneous-5 per cent. From the "hay-stack prayer·meeting" even until now the Christian college has been the dynamic of the missionary enterprise.

Dr. J. A. Geissinger has made investigations covering a three year period, which show among other facts: 92 per cent of all the ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church who had college training received it in Methodist schools. State institutions contributed only 4 per cent of the ministers. The influence of the distinctly Christian colleges in producing loyal and devoted laymen is about as great as in producing ministers.

Much the same evidence comes from other denominations. In 1915, Presbyterian colleges in America reported 28,445 graduates, of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

whom 5,830 were in the Christian ministry, 714 were foreign missiona ries and 1,385 were in other Christian work. There were on the list 727 college professors and 4,762 teachers. The law claimed 4,064, medicine, 3,796, and other professions, 1,733. Forty per cent of the graduates were in altruistic work. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions reports that 70 per cent of their missionaries prepared in Christian institutions.

The trend of graduates of the larger colleges is unfortunately away from the ministry. In the first 80 years of her history Harvard sent over 50 per cent of her sons iIito the ministry while in the last 20 years only 5.8 per cent entered that calling. From Yale 73 per cent of the graduates became preachers in the first ten years, while in the last 15 years the proportion was only 3.2 per cent. In Princeton the decline is about the same-from 51 per cent in the early years to 4 per cent; and in Dartmouth the decline has been almost as great. With the militarization of American colleges the Christian ministry has been entirely disregarded. In Oberlin, for example, made famous by the evangelist, Charles G_ Finney, all Bible study and practically all humanitarian studies have been omitted from the course. It is hoped and expected that "after the war" the curriculum in educational centers and thought and activity in all walks of life will return once more to the normal plane. In any event the Christian church in America has a great task yet before it in the training of Christian leaders for work both at home and abroad. State schools and universities will not do this i it must be undertaken by the institutions founded and maintained by Christians who believe that their first obligation is to extend the knowledge and sovereignty of God among all mankind.

NEW CHURCH UNION MOVEMENTS I N SCOTLAND, Australia and New Zealand the Presbyterian As- semblies have had but two themes: the war and church union, and the latter is the outgrowth of the former. In their meetings very little is reported to have been said regarding after-the-war conditions except as it had a bearing upon the spirit of unity which is emerging. The Established Church of Scotland made proposals of union with the United Free Church and was in turn approached by the Scottish Episcopal Church with a view to possible union.

In England also a sentiment favoring a realignment of Christian forces is gaining large influence, and committees of the Wesleyan, United Methodist and Primitive Methodist Churches hope to bring about a union. It is the general feeling that the churches must find ways of working together with the same effectiveness that marks the military work of the war. There is need for keeping the mind clear for essentials while maintaining a recognition of divergent opinions upo'n

minor points, and it is possible that those nations which have carried the burden of war longest can most effectively work out a plan of union.

A broader movement on a little different basis but with a similar aim was the recent conference of fifty-three Protestant theological seminaries, held at Harvard University. In all the discussions, few references were made to the name of any denomination, attention being centered upon after-the-war problems. Religious valuations are being re-estimated by the men at the front and must be reconsidered when they return home after the great struggle. There will be still greater need of a thoroughly trained ministry. At the Cambridge conference these questions were discussed in frank and friendly spirit and the one hundred and thirty delegates revealed their unity of spirit in the culminating service of the celebration of the Lord's Supper. The conference appointed a Continuation Committee to take such steps as may seem necessary to promote its ends, and to call another conferenc€ when further co-operation seems desirable.

A STAND AGAINST CASTE IN INDIA T HE problem in India has been created not only by the existence of caste in Hinduism but by the difficulty of eradicating the spirit of caste in the Christian Church. Recently the Standing Committee on Mass Movements of the Representative Council of Missions in the United Provinces reported the following resolution: "That whereas we must keep before our Christian workers in the Chamar Mass Movement area the great danger of the perpetuation of the caste spirit in the Church, and that we should steadily teach our Mass Movement Christians that caste is an evil to be ultimately abolished, we nevertheless feel that the breaking of caste should not be made an indispensable condition of baptism."

. The editor of The Harvest Field is among those who feel that this position involves a principle full of danger for the future of the Indian Church, and says: "Those who are familiar with the history of the Roman, Lutheran and other churches in South India know the long and stern fight those churches have fought to eradicate caste, and the end is not yet. Those missions that demanded the open and complete renunciation of caste at baptism have not been so successful as regards numbers, but they have had less trouble within the church and the different classes mingle more freely. We trust those eager missionaries will study carefully the history of Christianity in South India before they act upon the resolution they have passed."

A large church can be secured by compromise with evil, but a strong and pure Christian Church must stand on the basis of equality and unity in Christ.

Coming Day in

THE REESTABLISHMENT OF THE JEWS IN THE HOLY LAND IN RELATION TO THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD BY REV. DAVID BARON, LONDON, ENGLAND U1~usual interest is being manifested in the 'Wresting of Palestine from the Turks and the proposal to reestablish the Jews in their ancient heritage-gi'llen to them nearly 4,000 years ago by God Himself. Rev. David Baron, the wellknown Hebrew Christian, and founder of the "Hebrew Christian Testimony" mission in London, an authority on Prophecy and on the history of Israel, gives us an illuminating article on the subject.-EDITOR.

W HATEVER m.ay be the final outcome of the unparalleled and . variegated tragedy of this world-war to the nations of the West, the changes and transformations which are sure to result in the Near East will most vitally and permanently affect the whole human race_ "One thing is already clear and definite," writes one of the most prominent Jewish leaders in The Zionist Review: "The future of the Jewish land will forever remain intimately and. in- separably bound up with the future of the Jewish people. The unity which was violently rent asunder over 1800 years ago will be restored. Palestine Will again become Jewish . . . and the wandering Jew will at last lay down his staff and his sack, rest upon his own soil, absorb its sap, and be invigorated by the rays of its sun. He will stretch his stiffened limbs; shake off the sorrows born of bondage, give free play to his latent powers and slumbering gifts, and rouse himself to new, free, generous and natural life." .

That a revived Jewish nationality in Palestine is bound to have a mighty moral effect on the whole world is the general consciousness not only of the Jews themselves, but of all inteHigent people in general.

Lord Robert Cecil, British Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, speak- ing as the representative of the Government at a great Zionist demon- stration in London, said that the now famous declaration of the British Government "was much more than the recognition of a nationality; it was the re-birth of a nation." He went on to say that he did not like to prophesy what ultimate result that great event might have, but that he believed it would have a far-reaching in1luence on the history of the world; Another prominent British statesman, Col. Sir Mark Sykes, M. P., remarked at the same meeting that he saw something in Zionism even greater than a league of nations. He believed that they were going to set up a dominion of great intellectual force, and that "Pales- tine will be the center of ideals radiating out to every country."

"The last lines of the chapter in the history of Jewish homeless- nesS and of Turkish misrule in Palestine are now being written,"

writes a prominent Jew. "Then the page will quickly be turned over, and a new chapter of history, of life, will begin. What will this new chapter contain?}} This is the qu,estion which those who are particu- larly concerned for Israel's spiritual welfare, and for the spread of the knowledge of Christ among the nations, must ask themselves.

What u;ill be the nature of the great intellectual and moral force which will center in Palestine with the regathering of the Jews, and which is bound to "radiate out to every country"? Will it be for good or for evil? Will it help to establish God's Kingdom on earth, or will it rather retard and hinder it?

The watchman in Isaiah xxi was asked, «What of the night"?- "How far gone is the night" of darkness and distress? He answered, «The morning cometh (W;d also the night; if ye will inquire, inquire ye; return, come." i. e., "the outlook is chequered; dawn struggles with darkness; but come and inquire again." If, as a representative of all true laborers among Israel, I am asked the same question as a "watchman on the walls of Zion" as to the present outlook in reference to the Jews and Palestine from the point of view of Ghrist's cause and Kingdom, my answer must be to the same eifect, only I would reverse the order of the words and say, "The night cometh" (or rather the last and darkest hour of the night) {{and also the morning." The immediate outlook is not very bright, for we must not mistake the spirit of this reviving Jewish nationality. It is with sorrow that we have to say that it is in its essence anti-Christian. The more the national con-· sciousness is awaken.ed in the Jews, the more hostile does official J udaism become to Christ and His Gospel, and until the day when the spirit of grace and of supplication is poured out upon them and the veil is taken from their he3J'ts, and the scales fall from their eyes, and they recognize Jesus as their mighty Redeemer and King, the revived Jewiliili nationality will be the greatest and most hostile force directed against Christ, and the greatest obstacle to the -spread of His Kingdom on earth.

THE NEW JEWISH UNIVERSITY Characteristically expressive of the spirit of the new Jewish nationalism is the Jewish University in Jerusalem, the foundations of which were laid on a commanding site under imposing circumstances and in the presence of representatives of the British, French and Italian governments and a great concourse of people on July 24. It is officially described as "the first constructive effort of the new Zion and a characteristic expression of the spirit and the mission of the new Palestine." Dr. Weitzmann, President of the Palestine Commission appointed by the British Government, laid the first of the foundation stones. In the course of an eloquent oration he spoke of this T('mple of Learning, whe['e a1l the modern sciences and philosophies will be taught, as "our Sanctuary" and "a House of Prayer for all nations," because although "Jewish" it is intended also to open its doors "to students of other creeds and races." "Here," he said, "the Jewish soul" will find its true haven and come to rest and remain at peace within itself and w:ith the world. . . . In the darkest ages of our existence we found protection and shelter within the walls of our

THE COMING DAY IN PALESTINE

schools and colleges, and in devoted study of Jewish science the tormented Jew found relief and consolation. Amid an the sordid squalor of the Ghetto there stood schools of learning where numbers of young Jews sat at the feet of our Rabbis and teachers. Those schools and colleges served as large reservoirs where were stored up during the long ages of persecution an intellectual and spiritual energy which on the one hand helped to maintain our national existence, and on the other hand blossomed forth for the benefit of mankind when once the walls of the Ghetto fell. The sages of Babylon and Jerusalem, Maimonides and the Gaon of Wilna, the lens polisher of Amsterdam, and Karl :Uarx, Heinrich Hertz and Paul Ehrlich are some of the links in the long, unbroken chain of intellectual development."

"The scattered millions of Jewry," to quote from the official organ of the Zionist organization, "embrace a very great number, a number far out of proportion, of highly trained intellects, with special gifts in almost every department of science, art and philosophy. The Hebrew University at Jerusalem will gather to it the choicest brains of Jewry. •ferl1salem will become not only the spiritual and intellectual power station of the whole Jewish people, but a great spiritual and intellectual power center of the world." One wealthy English Zionist in sending a thousand guineas toward the endowment of this Jewish University writes enthusiastically that "it will greatly contribute to the thought, art, and culture of the world in general" and that "thus will be realized the ideal, 'the law shall go forth from· Zion, and the word of Jehovah from Jerusalem!'"

THE SOUL OF MODERN JERUSALEM But let us not be deceived, "the Jewish soul" which will find a home and express itself in this counterfeit "Sanctuary" in Jerusalem will not be the soul of the true Israel of M'oses and the prophets, or of Christ and His apostles, but rather "the soul" of modernism and rationalism; and the hundreds of talented young Jews with the choicest brains of Jewry and their professors who will gather there to study or teach are much more imbued with the principles of "the lens polisher of Amsterdam" (Spinoza, the father of modern Pantheism) and Karl Marx (the father of atheistic social democracy) than with the teaching of the Bible or even of the Talmudic "sages of Babylon and Jerusalem." It will not be '~the law and the word of Jehovah" which will be disseminated from that temple of Jewish learning, but rather the spirit of unbelief which will tend more and more to undermine faith in revealed religion among the Jews themselves, and among the other nations. Thus it will hasten the consummation of the apostasy of tha hist days which is foretold in the prophetic scriptures of the Old and New Testament.

Even the so-called religious Zionists confidently look forward to the time when Judaism will supersede Christianity as the world religion,

and regard the re-establishment of the Jews in Palestine as a preparation for the fulfilment of their mission to spread pure monotheism on the earth. "It will mean," says their leading organ, "the releasing of the Jewish soul as a great spiritual force for the whole of mankind," and Itthe time can at last be descried when the Jew will be able without let or hindrance to perform for the world his mission of Judaism."

,One of the leading English Rabbis preaching in the West London Synagogue on the 7th day of the Jewish Passover (April 3rd) this year, from the text, "This people have I formed for myself; they shall show forth my praise," boastfully repeated the assertion that the Jews are and will yet be the religious teachers of mankind. "The Jew," he said, has given the world his book of faith, the Bible, with its vast conception of an ethical God who is supreme above the material deities that men fashion for themselves. But the treasures of the Jewish spirit are not restricted to the Bible. For more than' two thousand years, since Malachi wrote the last page of the Old Testament, Israel has been poring over his prophetic writings, and evolving from them fresh inspiJ·ation for the enlightenment of humanity. He has adapted the wisdom of the ages to ever new needs. With unwearied diligence he has studied the ordinances of his ancient law-givers, and reared thereon a structure of religious piety and new law, of social justice, of charity, and Of household sanctities, which is the admiration of the educated world. In Talmud and iMidrash, in Halacha and Hagada, the Jewish mind expressed itself with a force that showed its creative genius to be inexhaustible. 'And by the side of this remarkable literature stands a no less remarkable history, which Herder called the greatest poem of all time-the story of 2,000 years of heroic endurance, the like of which no other nation has been called upon to suffer. With such a literature and such a history we may well claim to be the world's teachers in all concerning the things of the spirit. We have justified the prophet's, declaration: 'This people have I formed for Myself: they shall shew forth My praise.' "

We should lay all this toheart; and seek a fresh baptism of missionary zeal and love that we may be able, at least in a measure, to stem the tide of Jewish and Gentil~ apostasy and unbelief which is spreading on the earth. Above all, let a loving and faithful testimony be borne to the Jews in these critical days that it is nothing but self deception on their part to think that they had or ever can have a mission of blessing to the world apart from Christ. Neither the negations of rationalistic "Reform" Judaism on the one hand, nor the "Talmud and Midrash, Halacha and Hagada" of the so-called Orthodox Jews on the other, have anything in them which can bring true light to the mind, or com- – fort to the heart of man. It is the Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Ohrist alone which is the power of God unto salvation to Jew and Gentile, whether in Palestine or out of it.

THE COMING MORNING But if as watchmen on the walls of Zion we must first of all honestly answer the question "How far gone is the night?" with the words "The night cometh," i. e. the yet darkest (though, thank God, short) hour of Israel's long night of apostasy and unbelief, which will have also an adverse effect upon the other nations, we can also with certain hope and confidence based on the sure word of God, and on the unmistakable signs of the times say, ({and also the rnorning/) Yes, the glorious morning "without clouds" when not only to Israel alone shall the glorious tidings be proclaimed "Arise~ shine ; for thy light is come, and the glory of Jehovah is risen upon thee," but when nations shall be drawn and come to that light, and kings to the brightness of that rising. That morning, the commencement of the longed for millenial day when the knowledge of Jehovah shall cover the earth as the waters cover the sea, will be ushered in by the rising of the Sun of Righteousness ~ith healing in His wings, or in plain New Testament language by the "Appearing of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ." Simultaneously with this blessed and glorious event the Spirit of grace and of supplications shall be poured upon the· Jewish nation and they shall, with a broken.heart, look upon Him whom they have pierced, and whom like Paul they have Ignorantly in their blind zeal "persecuted." …

With that day of Israel's national conversion is bound up the hope of the world. During the present dispensation, through Israel's temporary "fall," salvation has come to the Gentiles, and the "diminishing of them" has been over-ruled of God W "the riches of the Gentiles." But this "salvation" and riches extend only to individuals. God hath visited the "Gentiles" to "take out of them a people for His Name." It is only ignorance of God's plan, which can l;>oast of the gradual and complete conversion of the world in this present age.

Through individual Jews whose hearts were set on fire with love and de'fotion to Jesus of Nazareth whom their nation despised and rejected, who went forth into the world, taking their lives in their hands, to preach Him among the Gentiles; and through the inspired writings of Jewish apostles and evangelists-individuals from all nations-a multitude which no man can number, have been brought and are still being brought into the knowledge and fellowship ·of the Messiah. What might have been if the Jewish nation had accepted Christ instead of rejecting Him we can only guess.

"Judging fr<;>m the work accomplished by one Jew, Paul," says another Hebrew Christian brother, "we can imagine what might have bCfm achieved if the intellectual acumen and great learnin'g of· the I'wribes and Pharisees, together with the enthusiasm of the young patriotic zealots, had been enlisted in the cause of spreading the Messiah's Kingdom in the world; if, instead of one, there were thousands 9f

apostle Pauls; if the great learning, industry and spiritual zeal which for centuries has been employed in rearing that great monument of wa8ted human industry, the immense literature of the Talmud, were llsed rather in the living work of propagating the gospel of Christ; if Jerusalem, instead of Rome, had remained the capital of Christendom, and the Jew, instead of the Greek and Roman, the guiding spirit in the councils of the Church!"

But our human "if" does not reach deep enough to fathom God's inscrutable purposes, nor is it high and broad enough to unravel all the thoughts and hidden counsels of the Infinite and Eternal One. 1'ltis, however, we do know, that while Israel is held responsible for its rejection and present attitude to Christ and the gospel, that unto God all things were known from the beginning of the world, and that it was clearly forecast on the prophetic page that so it will 'be; and that it is only "after these things," when Messiah returns to build again the tabernacle of David which is fallen, that the residue of men shall seek after the Lord. (Acts xv, 13-18.) Then, when "all Israel shall be saved"; when the miracle of a whole nation being born in a day'shall first be witnessed on the earth in the case of the Jews; when the full significance of the precious name of "Immanuel" shall be realized in Jesus "dwelling in the midst" of fTis own people, so that the name of Jerusalem from that day shall be ",Jehoyah Shammah" (Ezek. xlviii, 35) ; when there shall at last be not only "thousands of Pauls," but a 'Whole nation who shall burn with the !'lame Jove and zeal for the glorious person of their Uessiah, and for the extension of His Kingdom, as that which characterized the Llessed apostle to the Gentiles, then nations, as nations, "shall join themselves unto Jehovah," and the day of which prophets and psalmists sang will at last break on this earth, the' day for which they yearned, t!tp day of universal peace and righteousness, when God's way shall be known in all the world, and His saving health among all nations.

The Burnt Offering A PRAYER OF CONSECRATION, BY SUSAN C. MENDENHALL Make Thou an altar of my heart, N ow is the offering prepared, Lay on the fuel-pile it high; My pride, my passion, foolish greed, Now is the dedication made; Self-righteousness-that too must die. Heap Thou my whole life's dry dead Come Thou and touch with love my wood heart Upon this altar to my God. This altar where myself is laid. Bind Thou the sacrifice upon The altar with the cords of truth; See how the flames leap higher and 'My wealth, my time, my talent, too, My intellect, myself forsooth,- o higher. quehch not the flame, Then shall my prayerful thought arise Father, God, As fragrant incense to the skies. Consume the dross-compel the fire To purify my life and mind And feed and strengthen my desire To lift. to serve, to do my task,- All this for Christ's dear sake I ask.

The flames of love-Thy holy fire.

OUT TO FISH IN

Nyasaland Contrasts-Terror and Peace BY REV. DONALD FRASER, LOUDON, NYASALAND,B .. C. AFRICA T HE sense of our distance from lake, hidden among heavy-foliaged the goal to which we travel may trees. He watched them at their sometimes give us despair. But when work, and listened to the disturbing we sit down awhile and reckon the news that broke their quiet so reguway we have covered, we are re- larly. He saw the severe strain that freshed by a comfortable sense of climate, fever, anxieties and isolation things accomplished and braced to put on the spirits of men, and one face the road that still lies ahead. Sunday evening spoke to them on When we compare things as they are I Corinth. XIII, "The greatest thing with things as they should be, defi- in the world." It was worth his while ciency is written over an. But when coming so far to leave so refreshing we contrast things as they are with and memorable a word with this workthings as they were, progress is our worn company. verdict, and the air becomes full of hope. One day a messenger arrived to say that a chief, who lived twenty miles . Now let us have some attempt at to the north, had died; and the usual vivid contrasts that will throw into ceremonies had been observed. What sharp relief the changes which have were these? Sympathetic mournings? been taking place in Nyasaland. Yes, certainly, for the tragedy and loss of death are as sharp to the poor First, for the dark past, take the heathen as to the best of us. They events of one week which Professor were deeper in the companionship of Henry Drummond spent at Ban- their fellow villagers than ordinary dawe on the shores of Lake N yasa. men are. And his presence will be He had come out on a little scientific missed more, for it touched them at expedition, and his book, "Tropical every point of their daily life.· Npw Africa," contains a picturesque ac- he has passed out into the dark, no count of his short journey and obser- one knows whither, and no one hopes vations. The Livingstonia mission to see him again. The cry of the bewas then ten years old, and was still reaved villagers could be heard a mile at the very beginning of work. Yet away at sunrise and at sunset every his mind saw great changes and great day. There was sorrow in the bitter promises for the future. wail, but there was a sharper turn.

He was the guest of the mission- That chief could not go to the spirit aries and lived with them in their lit- world alone. Wives must accompany tle grass-thatched brick cottages, him to love him, and slaves to serve which stood on the ridge above the

him. When he died, three or four mand .that the missionaries should people had to be slain and laid on the lead them out against their raiding roof of his hut to keep him company., enemies, but they would not.

On the day of his burial a bed of "Weare not here to fight," said massacred wives and slaves had been Dr. Laws, "and we hope soon to go made for him at the bottom of the to the Ngoni also with the Gospel." great pit, and more were slain when the grave was closed. Forty souls The chiefs threatened to fight the had perished that that chief might missionaries unless they helped. Ar- rows were.. on the string, and wild, SOME GIRLS AT LOUDON BOARDING SCHOOL have society and service in the spirit- angry looks were directed at the world to which he had passed. Europeans. But they refused to lead The Coming of Marauders them, or to lend them guns. For the next day or two the air was full of Another day, terrified men came alarms. The raiders were all over running to the station. An army of the neighborhood. The plain was full Ngoni had suddenly appeared in their. of the smoke of burning villages.

fields, "and we only are escaped alone On Sunday the church was full of to tell thee." The evidences of the men; the women stood outside by the marauders were plain enough. Al- open windows, wondering and listen- ready tall columns of smoke. from ing. When Dr. Laws began to pray, burning villages were rising at the men within bent their heads and Matete, ten miles away. The shrill closed their eyes. The ignorant wo- alarm cry of the women was every- men, seeing this new movement and where, and the people were rushing not understanding it, turned and ran.

to the station for protection. Hun- The sound of the stampede made the dreds had already arrived. They men look up, and seeing the women could not be allowed to remain in this fleeing they immediately concluded confined space; for if the Ngoni that the Ngoni had appeared, and the came suddenly upon them there congregation rose to its feet and fled would be dreadful massacre. So they by doors and windows in indescrib- were driven off to the neighboring able confusion.

hill. The local chiefs gathered to de- But the raiders did not come near

NyA.SALAND CONTRASrS~':tERRORANDPEACE

A CLASS OF GRANDMOTHERS AT 'SCHOOL IN NYASALAND the mission. Surfeited with plunder, ripening maize. Comfort, security, they withdrew again to the hills. and assured peace are marked on this landscape. In the evening when the A Contrast-Three Years Ago fierce heat has died down and the sun is dipping towards the Ngoni Three years ago the steamer stood plateau, the villages are filled with the off Bandawe with another group of sound of ,-children at their play. There passengers. Among them was a mis- is a pastoral lowing of cattle returnsionary returning after twenty-five ing home. The untiring, rhythmical years of .service. There were two sounds of the native piano float out of grandchildren of Dr. Livingstone, the distance, and as the shades of come to follow .in his footsteps. evening fall there is a sound of horns There was a young minister who had and drums, calling the people to evenresigned his charge in Scotland that ing prayer. he might be a missionary ; and there was a traveler, who like Drummond, . The next day is Sabbath. It is to had come to see with his own eyes be a great day. From the earliest this land and its people. morning the people have been stream- ing in by all the paths, from the There is no atmposphere of tragedy north, and the south, and the west. on the beach today. Hundreds of By nine o'clock thousands are presvoluble natives are standing on the ent. There is no hope of accommorocks, or swimming out into the surf dating them in the church, though it to meet the passengers. The sun is holds two thousand, so the congreshining overhead and the clear wa- gation must adjourn to the shade of ters of the lake are quiet. For miles the trees. Seven thousand folks are· along the shore are continuous vil- there. How different from that mullages. Fishermen in scores of canoes titude that thronged this station are casting their nets into the sea. thirty years ago! Every man and The plain is green with the rich woman now is brightly dressed; most: casava fields, or yellowed with the

of them can read; all of them art' the Tonga, intensely emotional, by no Christians-tl not baptized, at least means easily guided, but burning professing Christ. There are hun- with a great zeal for preaching, well dreds of Ngoni there; not now with acquainted with the Greek Testament.

wild war dresses and bent on plunder Then there is H ezekiah Tweya, a ~they are worshippers with their Ngoni with strangely Semitic face; great Zulu Bibles in their hands. quiet, reserved, solid, reliable, profi- See that line of elders and evangel- cient to teach. And last is Jonathan ists sitting, in the shade of the great Chirwa, a Timbuka slave, poet and trees, and Close up by the platform, saint of the church, fervid and deep mark the red-skinned man with the in his preaching, somewhat pessimistic bright laugh and bubbling energy. in his judgments, but absolutely given He was down with the Ngoni army over to God and His service. To or- that week thirty years ago-one of dain these three as ministers of the the boldest, murdering, burning. To- Gospel the Presbytery has met. Dr.

day he is a tireless evangelist, for L~ws is presiding. His head is white whom the steep hills, and sweltering now, for forty years of tropical serv- valleys have no terror. Mark that lit- ice have gone over him. His eyes are tle man, who reads with spectacles full of tears as he sits under these poised on the end of his nO,se, and same hoary trees, beneath which the who speaks 'like an orator. He was huddled crowds were cowering thirty honored as the bravest man in the years ago. Today, along with his fel- army after one of those raids. To- low presbyters, he lays his hands on day he is a theological student, and these three who have been called to one day will be ordained a minister be Christ's ministers.

of the Gospel. There today is manifested the great- And that old woman who sat so est thing in Central Africa. It is quietly at the early morning com- wonderful to see the river down munion service, who is she? There which the corpses of the slain floated are lines of old sorrow on her face on in Livingstone's day, now busy with which a quiet peace has now settled. the signs of prosperous commerce. It She was a slave who had been put is wonderful to sit in a railway train into the grave with her dead chief, and travel so swiftly and easily to the to be buried alive and serve him in highlands, which once one climbed so the other world. She had sneezed painfully, up whose sides the porters when she was led to the grave, and carried their load's so laboriously. It the witch-doctors said the spirits is wonderful to see those fair high- would not have her. So she was lift- lands, once the hiding place of starv- ed out, as one brought back from the ing fugitives, now covered with dead. Years afterwards she was promising plantations, and vigorous found of Christ, and now twice re- townships. It is wonderful to see this deemed she sits at the Table with life once lawless land now administered everlasting. by British officials, and the tribes who What has brought this mighty as- forty years ago had not two coppers sembly together? All the tribes are to rub against one another, now pay- here, not one of them armed. There ing £60,000 ($300,000) a year in hut are scores of elders, hundreds and taxation. – hundreds of Christians. These things are great, but there It is the first ordination day in Liv- are greater. The promise of the fll: ingstonia. Three of these Nyasaland ture is not in steamers and trains, men are to be ordained to the- minis- stores and plantations, not in gov- try. There they are, apart from all ernors and magistrates and police.

the others, each one of them with Here in this Sunday gathering at twenty years of Christian service be- Bandawe lies the hope and guarantee hind him. There is Yesaya M evasi, of the future. For here is met a liv-

NYASALAND CONTRASTS-TERROR AND PEACE

A PROODn UCCTT OF CHRRIISS'T'l'IIAN MIISSSSIIOONNSS–TTWWOO TEAACCHHEERRo,Ss AND THEIR WIVES ing, working Church of Christ, whose was harried is now at rest. The peo- ple whom lust and passion deformed members have come to know Jesus are now transformed into children of Christ, the Crucified, a church with the Kingdom. The terror of magic, its 'elders and ministers, and the Word the fetters of ignorance are broken by of God in its own vveerrnnaaccular. It is the new knowledge.. , And the ,Power the Gospel out of which this 'church is that has accomplished all this is in the born that has ' produced the change land, to increase and flow, until Christ shall be crowned King. in Nyasaland. Alll around are the miracles of its power. The land that

Women-Two Pictures from

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES At a series of evangelistic meetings for educated non-Christians in South India, the large town hall was packed with an eager audience. The interest was tense. At question time a tall, fine-looking Mohammedan gentleman, in- stead of sending up his question, walked boldly up and handed' me the following: "How is it that women in Christianity are in the lowest degradation? They have no rights of any kind. They are considered an object of scorn. In Mohammedanism it is different. When Mohammed said 'To her is due what is due from her' he raised her at one bound to an equal status with men. Is this not an improvement upon Christianity?"

There was a picture of the degradation of Christian women drawn from theory by a Mohammedan. The lot of Christian women was compared un- favorably with their Mohammedan sisters. But note in contrast the picture from real life.

The railway train stopped at a fairly large station in India. I noticed that a Mohammedan gentleman was having difficulty in getting his wives-I knew not how many-into the compartment. The trouble was adjusted and the train started. Evidently the gentleman called the roll, or noted that one wife was missing; for he waved his hand and yelled frantically to the guard, "Roko, rako! Ek bibi rah gai!" (Stop,. stop! One wife has been left behind!) Theguard waved the red flag and the train came to a halt. From the other end of the platform two men came carrying a doli (a seat suspended from a bamboo pole) draped so that no man can see the woman's face. It was opened, and a woman got out and hurried into the compartment. The train started· off again. The husband-of-many-wives must have called the roll again, for again he waved his hand even more frantically than before: "Roko, rolm!

Ek aur rah gai! Ek aur rah gai!!" (Stop, stop! One more has been lett behind!) One more has been left behind!! The guard signalled the train to stop once more as the carriers rushed up with another :doli, opened it up, and to my surprise (and perhaps to the husband's) two women got out!!

The train pulled out and was not flagged again. None of the bystanders on the platform smiled. Why should they? But I did, for I was brought up in a Christian land.

Embezzlement-Who is Guilty?

BY REV. EDWIN M. POTEAT, D.D., GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA President of Furman University and Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

E l1:BEZZLEMENT is a very ugly crime. In English law, the definition of it arDse out of the necessity for distinguishing it from ordinary theft. Larceny was the taking of prDperty Qut Df the pDssessiDn Df the owner, and did nDt CDver the apprDpriatiDn to. Dne's own use Df prDperty cDmmitted as a trust. Servants and Dthers were thus able to steal with impunity gDods entrusted to them by their mas- H,rs. Accordingly a statute Qf Henry VIII enacted that it ShDUld be a felony in servants to. CDnvert to. their Dwn use caskets, jewels, mDney.

gODds Dr chattels delivered to' the1n in trust by their masters.

It is pay day; and a clerk with the pay rDll and the cash in the envelopes sets out to the mine to. pay Qff the miners. On the way a sudden QPPQrtunity Df sure escape cQnfrQnts him, and he disappears- a clean get-away with a big pile of mDney. The money is in his pDS- sessiQn as a servant. He cDnverts it to his own use as a thief and becDmes an embezzler.

The cashier begins by secret borrowings Df small sums; he goes on to make false entries in the ledger, and finally absconds to. Canada with the portable assets Df the bank. He is not an ordinary thief, anci his crime is far mDre gross than that of an ambiguDus stranger who.

filches your purse or your automobile. He was a trustee. The prDperty 'ras in his charge precisely for the reason that the President and· the directors had judged him an honest man, had confided in him as in- capable of converting to. his own use trust funds. Their confidence and the sacredness Df the trust and the integrity and cDrrectness of his previDus dealings-all these combine to. enhance the baseness of his present conduct. He is an embezzler.

It is in some such cDntext as the abDve that Paul's word to Timothy prDperly falls. He wrote: "I render thanks to Christ Jesus our Lord, who has made me able for this; he considered me trustworthy and appointed me to the ministry, though I had formerly been a blasphemer and a persecutor and a wanton aggressor"

(I Tim. 1 :12, Moffat's Translation). – His ministry was a trust cDmmitted to him by his Lord who be- lieved him trustworthy, believed that he would nDt make merchandise of the truth, that he wDuld not adulterate it to suit the ears of his hearers (2 Oor.2 :17) i-in a word, that he would not be a grafter but would rightly divide the Word of Truth.

To the same effect is his word to. the Oorinthian~ (1 Oor. 9 :16)8) that his boast was, not that he was a preacher-he had to be that since a.gainst his will he had been appointed a steward and must discharge

his trust-but that, being a preacher, he could offer the gospel without charge. And again (I Cor. 4:1-2) : .

"This is how you are to look upon us as servants of Christ and stewards of God's secret trut~s. Now ,in steward~s your first requirement is that they must be trustworthy (Moffat s TranslatlOn). .

And still again he says: "Hence as I hold this ministry by God's mercy to me, I never lose heart in it; I disown those practices which very shame conceals from view; I do not go about it craftily; I _do not falsify the word of God. I state the truth openly and so commend myself to every man's conscience before God" (2 Cor. 4 :1-2, Moffat's Translation).

From this account of the matter it is Clear that the apostle Paul would have considered himself an embezzler if he had sold his knowledge of Christ at so much per hearer, if he had lined his own purse by making gain of the Gospel. And his brother Peter was like him in t.his, for when Simon offered t.o pay him for the power to confer the Holy Spirit., Peter repudiated the base suggestion with sudden revulsion-"Thy money perish with thee" (Acts 8 :20).

This is not. to say that Paul did not expect the preacher to get his living by preaching-on the contrary, he wrote: "They that preach the Gospel must live of t.he Gospel" (1 Cor. 9:14:). It is rather to say that the servant trusts his master to supply his needs while he is discharging his duty as a servant, and that the master trusts his servant not to take advantage of his trusteeship t.o make secret gains by manipulating in his own interest that with which he has been entrusted.

Similarly, our Lord in the parable of Luke 19, makes the nohleman put the capital in the hands of his servants, saying: "Go into business." Evidently the master expected his servants to live while they were using the capital committed to them. But when he returned, one said, "Thy pound hath gained ten pounds," and turned over the original ca.pital and the increase to him. But what about the expenses of the business, and the living of the servants while thus engaged? Undoubtedly these were reckoned in in making up the report of the total profits. As we would say, after deducting all legitimate costs, the business has yielded so much. And Jesus puts a fine word in the mouth of the capita.list: "Well done. You have shown yourself capable and trustworthy. I will name you the President of the Company" (Luke 19 :17).

Now, the possibility of embezzlement lies under the phrase "legitimate costs." Suppose the servant had said, "This is a big opportunity, the profits are going to be far heavier than my master will expect. I will set aside a fair return for him and then exploit the business for all it will bear and appropriate the excess profits to myself. He need never know! I will be a rich man when this is all over." Will he? Is he likely to be bett~r off in the place of the unrighteous steward (Luke 16 :1), trying to feather his nest by a last dishonesty at the expense of his master, or in the place of the faithful men who trust the generosity

EMBEZZLEMENT-WHO IS GUILTY? 90S

of their master to provide legitimate opportunity for further and more important service?

But embezzlement might lurk under "legitimate costs" in another sense. Suppose the servant had said-"I cannot open a separate ac· count for· the p~cess profits for myself, but there can be no objection, in law or in conscience, if I build myself a fine house and conserve my own strength by employing a retinue of servants. A man with an opportunity like this has no right to make a slave of himself. I must live in a style befitting the dignity of my position and the wealth of my master." It is the old question of luxury again. What is luxurious living? Where does parsimony end and luxury begin? Perhaps we must give up trying to answer; but we can at least be sure that Selfish· ness is very subtle and can make plausible arguments to prove that it is unselfishness. We can also be sure that our own safety is in being as far away from the dividing line as possible. And in this our Lord is our example. Do not be anxious, he said, about food and drink and clothing; the Gentile mind is bent upon these things, but you must not be like that. He who clothes the lily and feeds the birds will see that you do l).ot lack.

Enough .has been said to make clear two things. The first is that in the New Testament teaching, stewardship is a very big worn and covers the whole of life, capacities, whether of truth or of property, opportunity,-everything we are and have must be held under this conception. And the second is that there is a constant and often a near possibility of embezzlement· in the administration of our trust.

Our Lord in the thrilling consciousness of His Sonship to God was driven from the Jordan into the wilderness to_ be tempted of the devil. He had been entrusted with a supreme and unique power and appointed to a supreme and unique career. The subtlety of the temptation appears when we note that the suggestions, one by one, are addressed to the exact state of our Lord's consciousness. "If thou art the Son of God (as thou art), command that these stones become bread." The temptation was to convert to His own use powers which had been entrusted to Him for the benefit of all men. We need not raise the question whether He could have retained His power after a prostitution of it to selfish uses, for He instantly repelled the infamous proposition to feed Himself. And we see in the Oross the final demonstration of the principle He adopted in the beginning to commit Himself to God his Father in the confidence of fatherly protection and complete vindication at the last. That is to say, He was a faithful steward of His own nature and mission and of the manifold grace of God.

In the parable of the talents (Matt. 25 :14) our Lord sets forth the principle, USE OR LOSE. The man who tried to keep his money by hiding it in a napkin, lost it. And in t,he parable of the pounds (Luke 19 :11), He carries the implication of what the use of the nobleman's

capital must be according to his mind: "Trade ye herewith, till I come" (v. 13); his return kept in mind would hold them to his mind in the administration of the trust. Here the direct crime of embezzlement shades off into the forfeiture of one's stewardship by a timid handling of the responsibility, or by a misconception of the purposes of the principal in the business. To sum up: 1. Stewardship, in the New Testament conception of it, throws its constraint over all we are and have-life, capacities, truth, property, opportunity.

2. The opposite of stewardship is embezzlement.

3. Embezzlement may take several forms: (1) Direct appropriation of a trust to one's own use; (2) Withholding a part of the returns in making settlement; (3) A life of self-indulgence out of the proceeds of the trust; (4) And it shades off into the vices of timidity and slothful misunderstanding of our principa:l's intention in conferring the stewardship, followed by forfeiture and reje.ction.

4. The reward of faithfulness is not more pay. Since life is secure in the goodness and wisdom and resource of God why should we want more pay? No; the reward is enlargement of capacity, and a larger responsibility and opportunity.

The reader will have no difficulty in tracing out the practical applications of these principles. Two examples must suffice here in the way of suggestions. Here is a man who has large capacity for knowledge, for truth, and for the ministry of truth to his fellows. His knowledge of facts, of truth, brings him into fellowship with the omniscient God and constitutes a stewardship of these on behalf of God on the one hand and of his fellowmen on the other. The embezzler would say, "This knowledge, this truth, is mine for my own use, aggrandisement, fame.

r will exploit them to spread abroad a sounding name." The faithful steward would say: "0, God, r think Thy thoughts after Thee! Help me to share them, in Thy name and according to Thy will, with all men."

Here is another man whose capacities take the practical turn. He is executive in his makeup, a genius in business affairs; whatever he touches turns to gold. The embezzler would say: "I C"an go to the top; I can dominate the business world in my line; I will make millions and millions, found a family and endow it with untold wealth to remote generations; and millions of men shall know me as their master, and envy me as a king of finance."

The faithful steward would say, "I am a pensioner on the bounty of my Father in Heaven; r am a trustee of that bounty on behalf of my fellows_ Their needs are my opportunity to help, my abundance shall be their supply."

Impressive Sights in Tinnevelly, South

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.eL., LONDON, ENGLAND Formerly Secretary of the Church Missionary Society.

T HE southernmost province in India, Tinnevelly, is the home of two millions of people, Tamils by race, from among whom about five per cent-an unusually high percentage–have been won for the Christian Ohurch.

1. INSIDE A GREAT TEMPLE Tinnevelly is the name of a small town as well as of the province. I can never forget one day in that small town: It has one dominating feature, the great temple of Siva-not that this is one huge building, like the cathedrals of Canterbury and Durham and Salisbury, which, as they tower over those small cities, give the passing traveler the impression that there is nothing else there. Yet one gets the same impression when, after visiting the vast temple enclosure in which stand not one but many buildings, one comes out again into the narrow streets. Now this temple is a sort of "mother church" to some fifty other chief temples in neighboring towns and villages-not counting innumerable local shrines of all sorts. It has large property in land, and, together with its daughter-temples, is managed by a committee of seven Hindu gentlemen, who receive and dispense an enormous income.

This wonderful place is not open to everybody. But those seven Hindu gentlemen had all been educated in British schools, and hold the British raj (rule) and the British sovereign in high honor. One of them (at least) was educated at the mission college; and on hearing of my being connected with the Missionary Society to )Vhich it belonged, he invited me to inspect the temple. I and my party were met in the long street leading to it, a street with a teeming population, by a band of "musicians," trumpets, flutes, triangles, tom-toms, such a din I-and they marched before us, not only to the entrance, but all the time we walked about the large enclosed space. Moreover, at the great gate, as we passed under the high archway, we were met by the sacred elephant, which gave us a snorting salute, and then turned and also walked in front of us. What did we see as we went round? I cannot remember the half of it; but we visited the "hall of a thousand columns," the hall built for the "marriage" of the god Siva and the goddess Parvati, the covered platform surrounded by water where they sat in hot weather, the tank in which they were bathed-for they were washed and dressed every morning and put to bed every night. And what were the god and goddess themselves like? Ah, we did not see them! No Ohristian may see them, except when, on great festivals, they ride in procession round the town, hoisted on huge cars like the "juggernaut" car so familiar in pictures. Of course they were merely colossal images.

But we did see things that are rarely shown. Great cupboards were opened in which were a dozen life-size figures of animals, horse, bull, parrot, etc., all overlaid with silver, and made (it is supposed) thousands of years ago. I say "life size": well, the horse and the bull and some others were, but the parrot and (I think) other birds, being equally large, looked quite colossal. These were not kept merely as relics of the past; they were still used; for upon them were seated the god and goddess, and other images, when they went in procession. And then the jewels-which decorated them on these state occasions! They were kept in a great case with twenty-five locks, which could only be opened with twenty-five keys kept by twenty-five different men, all of whom had to be present at the same time if the case was to be unlocked. But some of these twenty-five men lived miles away, in the villages; and my Hindu friend had sent round to them all summoning them to the temple at a certain hour, that the case might be opened for me. Well, it was opened; but words quite fail that would give the least idea of the splendor of those treasures; and they have been there many centuries, no one knows how many!

2. INSIDE A HUMBLE COLLEGE I came away from that temple almost stupefied. Plainly it was supreme in that town. It dominated everything. Its army of Brahman priests were practically the rulers of the people. How could a feeble band of foreign missionaries challenge their supremacy? Perhaps my Hindu friend meant me to be stupefied, meant me to learn the strength of the impregnable fortress of Hinduism! But I am not at all sure that he believed in it himself. Gould he really believe in that terrible system, he who had received an English education, yes, a Christian education- he who knew Shakespeare and Milton and the Gospels as well as I did? Yet, supposing he didn't-how could he get free from it?

Another place in that town worthy of a visit is the Missionary Col- lege, the very place where that Hindu gentleman had been educated. It was in a by-street; it was a remarkable set of buildings (superseded since then) ; there was nothing to express outwardly a challenge to that temple. But there I found about a hundred older boys and youths. (There are nearly a thousand now, including the younger classes.) It – was vacation time, but an invitation had been sent round to them to come and meet me, and they had come! There they sat, row upon row of them, almost everyone a devotee of that temple, with red and white marks on their foreheads in honor of the god.' They presented an address to me ("Venerable Sir!"), got up by themselves, thanking the Mission for teaching them many good things, including "religion and morality" ! I addressed them, in English-no need for an interpreter, such as I had used elsewhere; and as I told them of my Saviour, Who was ready to be their Saviour too, they listened with an intensity of eagerness which none could believe without seeing it. Never can I forget those dark

IMPRESSIVE SIGHTS IN TINNEVELLY, SOUTH INDIA

piercing eyes fixed on me, and the breathless silence iri~which I spoke.

But'my feeling was, How'canthey ev:eresctj;pe the dominating in- fluence of that temple? Think of caste restrictions. There are streets in thattown inhabited only by Brahmans, and no lower castes "dare ·to enter them, much less a Ohristian! And in the college, at first separate benches had to be provided for Brahman boys. A few years after the time Of my visit, the principal wrote that he had just seen "a pariah Ohristian student, a first-class matriculate, walking down the chief Brahman street, with a Brahman student on each side, one with his arm locked in the Ohristian's, the other holding an umbrella over the trio, both intent on a note book on the lesson of the day which the Ohristian was carrying." That is wonderful enough; but is that all? It is not.

Boys from that college have come out and embraced Ohrist. Not often does ,this happen in a missionary college in India. Generally the seed sown lies dormant for some year, and then bursts forth and bears fruit, providing the Indian Ohurch with educated leaders. Almost all the leaders have been won in that way. But divine grace has giv~n speedier fruit in TinnevellyTown. '

, The indirect influence of the college was shown in another way.

~hat Hin:du gentleman asked me to give a lecture to the educated men of the town; some of whom had been scholars, and others were the fathers of scholars. I knew that Indian non-Ohristians were quite willi~g to listen to a direct address on religion, and I took as, my subject; ','One Bace, One Revelation, One Redeemer." '" .

3. A CROWDED VILLAGE CHURCH " The' other mission agencies are not in Tinnevelly Town, but at Palmcotta, a place about the same size only three miles away. It is headquarters of the Mission' for the greater part of the province. But I will only now add what I saw on Sunday. At 7.30 that morning the large Ohristian church was crowded. It is the custom there to count heads, and there were present that morning 1,217 Tamil Ohristians_ About 800 of these were adults; the men, mostly in white, on one side of the centre aisle, and the women, mostly in red, but the widows in white, on the other. In the side aisles were the boys and girls from the boarding schools, sitting on the floor. The adults, in this central mother church, had benches; but in the village churches all over the province, all sit on the floor_ There are over 100,000 Indian Ohristians in the Province of Tinnevelly, with about 80 ordained ministers and 1,500 teachers and evangelists. The pastoral work is entirely under the Indian church councils, and much also of the evangelistic and educational work_ 'The church supports its own ministers ahd pays its church expenses, and carries many of the "schools, raising about $20,000 a year for these purpQses. It als'O sends money to England for the Bible Soc~ety and, other Christian agencies. Truly God has not withheld His gracious bles~ing! _: :'

"Birds of Passage" in

BY LEE McCRAE, LOS ANGELES I N the little college town of Olaremont, Oalifornia, there are about forty Hindus and as many Koreans, but the contrast between them, even as they walk the streets, is startling. They have come to America for widely different purposes. The Hindus come merely for the sake of two dollars a day ranch wages; the Koreans come for education, secular and religious. The Hindus, intensely suspicious of Americans, fear proselyting, cling to their distinctive clothes and to all the insignia of their strange cult-the turban of white or pink or yellow or black, the long black hair done up with comb and iron disc. They want to learn only enough English to make a living and do business. They harbor terrible grudges and are frequently in the local courts for stoning each other. They are shrouded in superstition,dead to Ameri- can thought, dead to everything 'save the glitter and clink of two-dollars-a-day.

The Koreans, too, are sojourners, everyone of them expecting to return to his country when he has attained the object of his coming. Most of them are Ohristians now, but they all aim to be leaders in Korea; and have come for western book-knowledge and Ohristian training. They are not chance migrants to Olaremont, but are carefully placed by the National Korean Association, which takes charge of each newcomer through the Golden Gate, assigning him to the San Francisco colony or the Los Angeles colony, of which Olaremont is a part. They have a settlement house down by the railroad tracks, and they have been shown much kindness by the citizens of the town, all of whom are in sympathy with them and their ambitions.

Several Koreans have brought their wives and young children with them, but most of them are very young men who are eagerly taking to American customs, dress and culture. As the majority used the Hawaiian Islands as a sort of stepping-stone, they are able to speak English quite well and have a start educationally. They have their own Sunday·school class under an American teacher in the Oongregational Sunday·school and are considered a part of the main school.

They have their own minister, a Korean Ohristian, who holds services twice a Sunday; and their Ohristmas celebration was as beautiful and impressive as any we Americans could originate. In the address of the Rev. Mr. Kim, eloquent throughout, was this tribute to America as well as the expression of their purpose in living here: "America wants peace on earth because her will is goodwill to men, because she has 'the Ohristmas spirit in her heart that would give kindness, not bullets. We Koreans want that spirit for ours. That's why we came. We want to give goodness all we can, and then ask God to give what we can not."

-CHILDREN OF THE LEPERS, RESCUED FROM

Visits to the Untainted Children of Lepers BY LOIS ELIZABETH DA~ER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

The author of this interesting article is the da1tttgghter of Mr. William M. Danner, the Secretary of the Amerriiccaa.n Committee of the Mission to Lepers. She recently went with her parents to visit the Missions to Lepers in Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China and the Philippines. She was the young photographer of the party and returned with many valuable anndd. intensely interesting impressions on her sensitive films and on her still more sensitive mind. Here she gives some of these impressions most graphicalllyy..–EEDDIITTOoR.

T HE train boy shook me and announced, "We are,'get!" I openp, ed my eyes and looked at my watch. It was 3 :50 a. m. and in ten minutes we were due to aITive at Siao Kan Sen, so I scrambled sleepily out of the upper' berth from between a pair of red blankets and hurriedly finisshheedd. dressing just as the train pulled into the station.

We had been tediously following in the wake of a Ohinese flood during the past three days. The trains from Peking to Hankow wwere being run in "spots" and between these patches of railroad, everybody

SOME CHINESE UN.TAINTED CHILDREN IN SIAO KAN SEN aDnAd everything had to be removed from the train on sampans, donkeys, chairs, or coolie-backs, and transferred over broken bridges and devastated rice fields.

The Chinese assistant in the Leper Asylum met us, and with the aid of a flickering lantern we found our way to the five sedan chairs that were to take us to Dr. Fowler's hlQJmm~~..llii''rroomm'';;lJUr £hairs we had a splendid opportunity to watch China waking up and making her toilet. Even at this early hour of four in the morning people were beginning their day's work. When does China sleep? No matter how late or how early yo~ willalways find_her at work. We met processions of men taking bales of cotton to market on "musical wheelbarrows" which make a shrill, squealing noise,very sweet to the operator no doubt, but far from musical to foreign ears.

On we rode through the darkness, and then through the dawn, until at last as a sharp corner was turned, the bearers, with a grunt, set the chairs on the ground in front of a gateway.

. We stepped inside. What a contrast to the narrow streets thronged with people marked by heathenism, poverty, superstition and filth! In the mission compound we found a group of clean, attractive houses surrounded by a well-kept lawn and garden. The Superintendents of the LeperIHIoome, Dr. and Mrs. }1'owler, awaited us with a warm welcome and a pot of English breakfast tea.

Besides the hospital, the church and the leper work, Mrs. Fowler cares for the unta~nted boys whose fathers are in the Leper Asylum. Since leprosy is not hereditary, the children, who can be gathered in the thirty different homes erected by the Mission ·of Lepers, are being saved

' : VISITS 'TO' THE UNTAINTED CHILDREN OF LEJ'ERS

SOME UNTAINTEID CHILDREN OF .THE FILIPINO LEPERS from the dreadful disease,. Here are the teo (in the picture) just as we saw them. Are they not worth saving? Mrs. Li is the real mother of three and the loving foster mother of the others. They have such queer names. Yu Sing means "born during the rain;" Hoseng means "quick as fire" and Ching Shan "ancestral hill." The child in the center in front is called "Danner" and is supported with money given through the American Committee by friends in Oakmont, Pennsylvania. These boys are receiving a good Chinese education and some day will be numbered among China's Christian citizens.

At noon we returned to the station over the narrow, rough road between the rice fields and continued our way down the Yangtsze River from Hankow to Shanghai. A few days later we sailed on the "Empress of Russia," for Manila, Philippine Islands. On Thursday morning at eight o'clock. A calesas-or two-wheeled carriage drawn by a sturdy little Filipino horse-took us from the St. Anthony Apartments to a doek from which the Government cutter "Polillo" was to ccaarrry us to the Culion Leper Colony with a party of public health officials, doctors, nurses and Manila ministers.

Over three thousand of the lepers on the island lined the roadside next morning to welcome us while two brass bands furnished lively music. On the day we were there 4,444 patients were living in that model, sanitary city on CuIlion island. One member of the colony has started an ice plant, manufacturing and selling artificial ice, and another is planning to furnish electricity for the island. A special currency is used at Culion to prevent danger of contagion. from money handled by the lepers. Cottages, hospital, public market, out-door

amusement hall-everything is provided by the United States Govern- ment to relieve the monotony of their isolation and make their sUur- roundings as home-like as possible._ The patients here have a splendid moving-picture machine, but very few good films are obtainable.

On the second floor of a cement building on the side of the island where the well doctors and nurses live, forty brown Filipino babies were taking their mid-·day siesta. 1'l'hey were awakened and taken to the lawn for a picture amid loud remonstrances. Then twenty pairs of whirte rompers scampered away. The other babies were carried in to the nursery to finish their several naps. – SOME JAPANESE CHILDREN-SAVED FROM LEPROSY In the afternoon an interesting service was held in the litt le chapel built entirely by the lepers. It was decorated with paper festoons in honor of the visiting party and long before the service began all the seats were :ffiilllleed and the windows packed with eager listeners who stood outside.

We visited two other Leper Asylums in South OChina and returned to Japan for the OChristmas holidays. On OChristmas Sunday, a cold, cold day, we left the Meiji Gakuin early'in the morning and first rode on the trolley, next on the train, and then on the circumurban to Higa~hi Murayama. At the station we were comfortably tucked into the rickshaws and our swift, two-legged sWteeds trotted off with us. The road wound through orchards of mulberry trees, past tea :ffiieelldds, quaint villages and villagers, Fujiyama showing itself at unexpected turns in the road, until we reached the gate of Zensei Byoin, meaning "The Perfect Life Hospital." With many salaams we were received by the ., officers of one of the :ffiivve Japanese Government Leper Homes.

VISITS TO THE UNTAINTED CHILDREN OF LEPERS

A Ohristmas program had been planned-songs and Scripture recitations. All five verses of "Oh, Oome All Ye Faithful" were played on the harmonica by a young leper boy. On the platform were the shrines for Buddhist and Shinto worship as well as the ·pulpit and organ for the Ohristian services. The hall was decorated with tiny silk flags strung acposs the ceiling and in one end of the room a large Ohristmas tree stood, on which hung Ohristmas gifts for the patients.

On the way back to the station little Japanese untainted children came running out to the roadside to' watch us pass by. The party halted and I climbed out of my rickshaw to take their picture in their gay kimonos. Each was given a present and promised a doll. We hope soon to have money enough to build them a comfortable house. As we started on again they called "Sayonara!" (Goodbye).

UNTAINTED LEPER CHILDREN AT PLAY IN H4WAII In Honolulu we found two homes for untainted children. The boys of the Kalihi Home learn to garden, make their beds and mend their clothes, as well as to study Latin and algebra in the schoolroom. In the garden they showed us pineapple, sugar cane, poi; and in the kitchen fresh vegetables were being prepared for dinner-corn, lettuce and tomatoes. They enter into both work and pla:y with a will. This is a happy home for children whose own homes have been denied them. Several older boys have already gone away to higher schools and will become self·supporting men.

The Kapiolani Girls' Home, named for Hawaii's famous queen who defied the goddess Pele, is on a high hill overlooking the beautiful harbor. Fifty-five girls go to chapel every morning at six and then march off to lessons and household duties. School-room::;, bedrooms,

lockers" bathroom, nursery, chapel-all are as orderly as can be. The older girls 'ggaave a drill wvith lavender flower hoops and the younger ones ssaang""RRoocckk::aa–~byee baby" ,and "Jesus, Teach Me How to Pray" and all then jOoiined in the familiar "Aloha' Oe." The gay shouts of the children in the yard playing imnarbles, the babieessww:aiving from the win- dow, and the parrot" by the doorway calling "Good-bye" are beautiful memories to us. . .'

Tnere are healthy children HYviing with their leper parents because of llac;ckk~~of fun:dsttoo'- build separate homes where they can be saved from ecioonnttrraaccting the disease. The records show that 95 per cent,. of .the boys and girls taken away from their parents while young grow up to be perfectly healthy men and women. Are they worth saviung?

THilE UN'jl'AINTED CHILDREN OF LEPERS AT WORK IN, HAWAII America's Prosperity BYTHE REV,. HENRY VAN DYKKE, D,.D.

They tell me thou art rich, my country: gold In glittering flood has poured into thy chest; -Thy flocks anndd- herds increase, thy barns are pressed With harvest, and thy stores can hardly hold Their merchandise; unending trains are rolled Along thy network rails of East and West; Thy factories and forges never rest; Thou art enriched in all things bought and sold!

o But dost thou prosper? Better news I crave,. dearest country, is it well with thee .- '-Indeed, and is thy soul in health? A nobler people, hearts more wisely brave, :And thoughts that lift men Godward, make them free- These are prosperity and vital wealth! ,. .

of Men in Colombia-II

BY MRS. C. S. WILLIAMS, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA Author of "The Least of These in Colombia"

One evening, as I sat sewing by the windDw, a yDung girl, hO.lding a child to' her breast, stopped Dn the sidewalk and inquired: "Is there a WO.man called Incarnacion in YO.ur service?"

"No., there is nO.t," I replied as gently as possible, the girl WDre so travel-weary an aspect.

"Is there Dne in the vicinity?" "I do. nDt knDw the names Df many Df the servants in this neighbor- hDDd, but I will call my CDDk; she may be able to' help YO.u."

SDCDrrO. knew no. such a woman. Neighboring servants were CO.nsuIted, but the Incarnacions O.f their acquaintance were yDung women and did nDt answer to' the stranger girl's descriptiO.n.

"I live in the city O.f The-Ji'DDt-of-the-Quest. In many years I do. nO.t see my mO.ther and I believe her dead; yet the week past CDmes a . man who. says that he knDws her and he tells me Df a certainty she lives in this city in the family O.f fO.reigners. YDU are the fDreigners, is it not true? And nO.w, where is that mO.ther Df mine?"

Again and again did we assure the girl, so. keenly disappO.inted, that we knew nO.thing Df the mO.ther. She persisted in demanding Incarnacion O.f us, suspiciO.usly, as thO.ugh fDr SO.me sinister reason we had cO.ncealed her and cDuld produce her if we cared to' do. so.. Convinced at last, the yO.ung WDman sank dDwnin despDndent apathy, with no. heart, either to continue the search Dr to' return, some three leagues, to' the city O.f The-FO.ot-of-the-Quest.

The Spanish cO.nstruction O.f hO.use which prevails in South America is a gift frO.m the MO.O.rs. It is well suited to' the warm climate when the house and enclosed court are large; not O.therwise. The only dooryard is in the center O.f the hO.use and has a flDO.r of brick or stone. In the better homes, where the costly water, brought to' the city on the backs Df WO.men and dO.nkeys, is freely used, the court is massed with shrubs and plants-a flame of riotDus cDIDr.

The frDnt of the better houses bDasts a window-occasiDnally t~O. or three windO.ws-entirely withO.ut glass. Strong irO.n bars there are, three inches apart, with massive inner blinds of wood, serving as prDtectiDn against the flDDds which at times, the canopy Df heaven suddenly cleft, descend upDn us. So hDneycDmbed by white ants are these blinds that their utility is Dften questionable.

For a moment I pause at O.ne of these windows. The irO.n bars, curved O.utward, allow a view O.f the street fO.r several blocks. The air is heavy with the stenches arising from the littered pavement. The same mDnO.tDnO.us scenes present themselves, day after day, year after year; water-donkeys, urged O.n by their yelling drivers; women bent

double under loads of coke, of yucca, of wood, wending their way among the donkeys; half-naked, unwashed children scudding nimbly about.

1 see approaching me a poor servant girl, ragged, dirty, bearing in her arms an emaciated babe, upon whose face is the stamp of death. Discerning my compassionate gaze, she stops and commences mumbling: "Oh, senora, for the love of the Virgin, give me money." "1 cannot give you money," I reply, "but if you are hungry we will feed you. Tell me your story." "When my child came, of course, they did not let me remain at that house where 1 was working. There was even one, a poor old woman, who let me lie on the floor in a corner of her hut. When my little boy had five days, I carried him to the priest that he should be baptised. 1 had no money; from where could 1 have it? 1 had one dollar in every month at that house when they paid me. Not always did they pay me. Forever did my senora say to me: 'You are very dirty. Buy for yourself a dress and change.' How was that possible? The cloth, it costs so much, none is there for less than twenty cents the yard,and 1 have no money. "The priest, he said to me, but angrily: 'You have no money, and you expect of me that 1 baptize that baby? But no. For that I must have money. Go away yourself and bring to me the ten cents.' "How is it possible that 1 earn 'that ten cents? No one lets me enter a house to work. 'No, no,' says each senora. 'I cannot have in my house a servant with a baby. I cannot suffer his crying; you do not earn the dollar I give you each month and at same time, care for your child. There are many servants; it is not that it'is necessary that I should have one with a baby. There are now sufficient children in this house.' I have the desire to give the baby guapo to keep him asleep ali the day; but the guapo does not come except with the money. "What was that which I could do? There was certainly nothing, but to carry the loads to and from the plaza. All those girls with babies do it. We desire-oh, how we desire-the work, yet there is not so much of the work and we are many who ask it. Eight cents, sometimes six cents, is all that 1 am getting each day. A plate of soup costs me five cents-of what shall I eat? How is it possible to get those ten cents for the priest? "At the last, one senor gives it to me. I run to the priest. My little son has now a month, perhaps even more. That priest-so fat is he-says more angrily yet: 'This is a big baby now. He should have been baptised long ago. I cannot baptise him now for ten cents. It really is twenty cents.' "Another time I go back to hunt that work. The little son is sick. He does not have so much food. That sun is very hot as 1 carry him all the day, and that ground is very damp where we sleep at night. I have no clothes for him-but nothing. Oh, Holy Mother, if he should die without baptism!"

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLUMBIA

The woman's terror of such a death overcomes her, and it is some little time before she continues.

These poor creatures believe that the souls o~ their little ones are eternally lost-that no prayers or money can ever redeem them-if death comes before baptism. They are willing to sacrifice their lives, even their own souls, to save the souls of their offspring from such a fate.

"Nine are the number of times that I go to that priest. This day I carry to him the sixty-five cents, but he says that he needs the seventyfive cents."

Another pause. In vivid imagination I picture the sacrifice, the self-denial, the starvation that this woman has endured to save sixtyfive cents. Possibly had she invested that money in food for herself and her child, had she striven and worried less, the babe might have had a chance.

"This day the priest had much anger with me. He said, 'Cannot you see that your child is dying? Have a hurry with that money or he will be dead without that I baptise him.' Oh, Most Sacred Mary, what shall I do?"

The child died that night. Teresa was employed in a family of our acquaintance. Full, stiffiy-starched skirts, smooth hair, and a bright ribbon made of her a pleasing picture. When her first child was born, she refused to give it food. "No, no, it js better to let it die. Never in my life have I had a home. All that which I remember of my childhood is hard work and blows; never then did I have enough to eat. There is nothing but suffering for me the whole life; that little girl of mine shall not have it so. I have her baptised, she goes to Heaven, I am able soon to get a situation again and it is better so for the both of us." She was allowed to have her way-whose concern was it?-and the child died of starvation. No one gave the matter a moment's thought. Maria of the Benedicion was a girl of fifteen who would have attracted attention anywhere. She was a study in black and white; a striking contrast of jet hair and olive-white complexion, curved eyebrows over great confiding eyes of soft black. Still and sad was the expression of the sweet face, so much older in appearance than it had any right to be. She possessed an inna,te refinement lacking in most servants. It should be remembered that the mestizo class of Latin America, although called "Indian," often possesses less Indian than Spanish blood. We number the negroes of the States by the millions; how many among them are full-blood? So in Latin America; she who possesses one drop of Indian blood is "mestizo," "peon," "Indian," although the

other ninety-nine drops be from the highest Spanish families. With all the longings and aspirations of their generations of white fathers surging in their hearts, these girls are condemned to the life of a slave, to work like beasts, to live like animals, with no outlook, no hope of better things.

No Indian whatever showed in Marla de la Benedici6n; she was of a high Spanish type and apparently nothing had come down to her from the far away Indian grandmother. She was quiet and attentive,· a lady in manner. Each day that passed she found it more and more difficult to do her work, and the white piteousness of her delicate face smote my heart. A mere child, endowed by her Maker with beauty, grace and a sensitive soul, yet facing woman's greatest ordeal with no one in the whole world to care what became of her, or her offspring, no one to raise a hand to help her, no home, no money, not even a State Institution to which to turn.

At last she came to me in despair, tragedy written on her lovely face, as she said, "Senora, there is not to me the strength to work here more. I must go."

"Where do you go, Maria?" and my voice was gentle for a great sympathy for her stirred my heart.

"It is in the country that I have a sister. To her I go; perhaps she lets me stay and work on that ranch."

"But what can you do?" "It is certain that I work in the coffee field, but it is better that I go."

"I suppose it is," I admit reluctantly. I thought of the life of a woman on a ranch; work of the heaviest kind, commen.cing long before daylight and enduring until long after dark, with one meal in twenty-four hours, with guapo, guapo at all hours of the day. At night the privilege of lying on the chill earth floor of a vermin-infested hut, without bedding of any sort. Whose was the fault that this frail young girl was condemned to such a life as that at such a time? .And the child to come; to what was it coming? Something is radically wrong with a land where half the inhabitants are born to such lives.

There is no sentiment against maternity without marriage among this class. It is easy to see that without these babies the population of the country would soon dwindle away. Yet let no man think that these girls do not sin in breaking the seventh commandment. The whip and lash of suffering that falls so quickly on their young shoulders can be but the punishment that follows the blister of sin. God knows they sin, they know it. Denied all that life should hold for them-what God intended woman to have-home and children, who is to blame if they sin? Whose is the fault that these millions of souls are lost to misery and despair, almost before they are fully born?

Debt of Education to Home

BY MRS. T. C. ATCHISON, LAWRENCE, MASS.

W HETHER we define the scope of Home Missions to be the Church of Christ at its task of winning our land for the King- dom, or in its narrower sense–the mission work uuder the care of evangelical churches in needy and neglected fields throughout America, the debt of education to home missions is immeasurably great. Christian influence, true culture, high ideals, do not come under the sphere of mathematics, and defy computation by the finite mind_ We touch the hem of the garment to show our faith in an institution that has been so mighty a power in the uplift temporally, mentally and spiritually of the innumerable host who have come under its gracious influence. Big dividends come from life investments in highest things_ All mission work is educational work in the broadest sense of the term. Our commission from the Master, "Go teach all nations," car- ries with it authority to meet the intellectual needs of those to whom the message is to be given. God has established many necessary rela- tionships in this world. He has joined together in inseparable union religion and education, and man puts them apart at the expense of the greatest needs of civilization_ Home missions seek to redeem the environment and help to supply the mental as well as the spiritual dynamic for social upbuilding. When shall we be able to figure the actual worth of this home mission "policy?" Not until from the east and west and north and south are gathered those who have been lifted from the depths of ignorance and superstition u.lrbugh the instrumentality of this important agency of the Church; not until the farthest wave of influence shall have struck on the shores of eternity will we be able to give an accurate answer as to the amount of the debt of education to home missions. Yet while the scope of this work can not be measured by a finite hand, this we know: to all that is noblest, highest and best in American national life this agency of the Church has contributed in large measure, and the future gives promise of a much wider domain, and the accomplishment of mOTe Herculean tasks for the uplift of the people who are born in – America or who come to these shores.

Let any who think little of tbe worth of home missions to the edu- cational world blot out in imagination all the schools, academies, col- leges, seminaries and universities that owe their origin directly or indi- rectly to this source, and then behold the barrenness and desolation of the scene. Take from the field of Christian culture those human jewels that have been dug out, polished and made ready to enter a wide field of usefulness by the humble, consecrated worker in home mission fields, and note how many stars of the first magnitude will disappear.

Ohristianity has ever been the patron and promoter of learnblg. The earliest endeavors to educate all the people originated in the Ohristian Ohurch. In the writings of the apostle Paul, teachers are found in the list of those who had special gifts of the Spirit. The Gospel aims to educate, and the pioneers in education have generally been fervent Ohristians and often ministers of the Gospel. The first pictorial school book ever published was written by a Ohristian minister-John Amos Oomeius. The first higher institution of learning in the United States, Harvard College, was founded by a clergyman, John Harvard, who gave $3,500 toward it and thus, though he had no such thought, secured for himself what is today one of the most conspicuous monuments in the United States.

Princeton owes its origin to the same profound conviction that an able, wise and orthodox ministry could be provided for the churches only through the Ohristian college. With few exceptions the president of this institution has always been a clergyman.

At the founding of Yale in the year 1700, with Abraham Pierson as its first president, ten ministers sat around a table, each depositing a few books from their small and precious store, that their successors might be "trained in mind and godliness" for the sacred office of the ministry.

About a century later Williams Oollege, of "Haystack" fame in the missionary world, was given by the churches that there might be an increased number of candidates for the Ohristian ministry.

Amherst, in her founding, was set aside by the churches especially for the training of young men for the ministry who were too poor to provide the education needed to enter this profession.

The mantle of the fathers fell upon the sons, and as;~~ie tide of emigration swept westward, the home missionary soon followed, establishing schools and churches in the midst of the new colonies. As a result, there are today hundreds of educational institutions in the West whose origin can be traced to the humble planting of a school or college in a mission field by some consecrated worker, who knew the value of education to the Ohurch and community. Union Oollege, beautifully situated at Schenectady, N. Y, was founded in 1795. The name "Union" was adopted to indicate its interdenominational character and its purpose was to supply higher Ohristian education for what was then the outskirts of the newly settled portions of New York State. It was the first interdenominational college in America, and the first college founded west of the Hudson River. The wide-spread religious influence was due largely to the gifted, consecrated leader, Dr. Eliphalet Nott, who served as president from 1804 to 1866.

The churches gave to Ohio its Oberlin, to Illinois its Illinois, to Wisconsin its Beloit, to Iowa its Iowa, to Michigan its Olivet, to Missouri its Doury, to South Dakota its Yankton, to Indhma its Wabash

THE DEBT OF EDUCATION TO HOME MISSIONS

and Hanover, to Kansas its State University, to Georgia its Spelman, to Tennessee its Knoxville, and to all these and other states, hundreds of well-known institutions of learning that have had an immense influ- ence on the Church, the stat~ and the business world at home and abroad.

The debt of education to home missions is accruing rapidly in these days. The mission colleges among the mountaineers of the South- land are transforming those hardy but ignorant people. The schools that have been faithfully training the youth of the colored races ever since the call of God came to Ohristians to emancipate these people are giving them the mental and Ohristian training needed to lift them from their degradation, poverty and ignorance. When we behold the fruit of some of the higher institutions of learning and the bright, in- telligent Ohristian men and women coming forth well equipped for leadership among their own people, an honor to their race and a wit- ness to the worth and power of Ohristian education, an increased edu- cational value is placed on the mission school.

The home mission work being conducted today by the various Protestant denominations in the great Southwest is entitled to recogni- tion by the educational world. When missionaries of evangelical churches went to this needy field they realized that the greatest need next to the Gospel was education, and they did everything in their power to relieve that need. The first Protestant missionary to begin work among the liexicans of the Southwest was the Rev. Samuel Gorman, sent out by the Baptist church to labor among the Pueblo Indians_ He established a school, using the Spanish Bible as the chief textbook. In vivid contrast with the policy of the Roman Catholic Ohurch, the Protestant Ohurch uses higher education as one of its most powerful levers to lift the people to a higher plane of living. .Every mission station helps to dispel the darkness. Superstition and witchcraft are driven out by the teaching of the Bible and modern science. The mission schools have done and are doing foundation work among these neglected people in fitting them for American citizenship. The plaza schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, academies, and even the higher institutions of learning, which have been the outgrowth of the mission schools, are. supplying'an urgent need for Ohristian education in this great territory.

A few years ago the United States Commissioner of Education stated'that less than ten per cent of the educational institutions were of secular origin. Only the limitation of means and Christian workers prevents the laying hold by the Ohurch of Ohrist of the wonderful op~ portunities to leave its impress on hundreds of thousands of Mexicans and many of the refugees who have recently come to this Southwest section.

Education is indebted to home missions for clearing the way for

the entrance of the public schools in many localities where the state had not made sufficient provision, or where, on account of lack of school funds, the state could not extend her educ~tional work. As late as 1872 there was but one school in New Mexico. At that time the territory was very poor and unable to provide its own schools. Even the largest places were dependent upon those of the mission schools for some years. Home mission schools not only cleared the way for the coming of the public school, but were also a most fruitful source of supply for public school teachers.

The value of the home missions as an educational asset must be acknowledged among the Mexicans, the freedmen, the Cubans, the Southern mountaineers and the foreign-speaking peoples, as well as among pioneers in the great West. We need simply to look up the investments and see the returns if we wish to know the real value of the work.

THE STORY OF A HOME MISSION SCHOOL The story of some of the work accomplished by one of the mission schools among the mountaineers of the South may give some idea of their worth as an educative force. At I?renchburg, Ky., is located in the centre of a large community an institution broad enough and big enough to save the whole man, mentally, materially and spiritually. It is back in the mountains in a small village of about three hundred inhabitants, five miles from the railroad. Frenchburg is the county seat of Menefee County, one of the smallest and poorest in the state. This school was established by the Woman's Board of Home Missions of the United Presbyterian Church about nine years ago, at the solicitation of citizens. A state law compelled each county"'w erect and maintain a high school at the county seat. This the county felt too poor to do. The twenty-five hundred dollars raised for school purposes were expended for meager salaries of superintendents and in building and repairing. It was a hardship for many to meet even this small taxation. Dr. A. G. Weidler, until recently superintendent of the mission and pastor of the small congregation he had gathered around him, tells us he has known little cabins to be advertised for sale to pay a levy of ten cents school tax, not ten cents on the hundred, but the total amount to be paid was ten cents, so poor were the people. Handicapped by conditions of climate and soil, and lacking in information as to how to better their condition, they grew in numbers and increased in poverty, until reduced to dependence on an alien people. These free folk, who are in many ways the truest Americans of America, have been brought under the yoke of caste division for the lack of the right to do and an opportunity to train the mind and develop the better part of their nature. Many of these people have inherited the skill of their forefathers who fashioned their own locks, musical instruments and

guns; and whose women folk were adepts in designing and weaving beautiful counterpanes and in making articles of worth and beauty.

The field of the work of Frenchburg College extends over Menefee and the three adjoining counties. Eight years ago only 35 per cent of the children were in school, now there are 52 per cent. The increase of the percentage would have been much larger but for the condition of the roads, the poverty of the people, and insufficient room to house the pupils at the mission. Now there is just one log school house in the county. There have been twenty modern school houses built in less than eight years. Then but two school houses had desks of any kind. They had split log benches. Now every school house is equipped with patent desks, graded schools are better, roads are being improved, thus removing one great barrier; free textbooks are furnished in the Frenchburg district. The school term has been increased from six to sevenmonths. The mission school has set the standard in all these things.

With few exceptions, all the teachers of the county have been educated in the mission school. Very few of the old-fashioned mountain school teachers, the man with his pipe and rod, exist today in Menefee Oounty. Frenchburg faculty has made an educational survey and through co-operative efforts there has been marked improvement in the condition of the schools. Eight years ago there was not a high school graduate in the county; now over one hundred have had some highschool training. The normal department ha"s trained with but two exceptions all the teachers who have had normal training. The teachers of the Frenchburg mission have conducted annual institutes for the teachers of the county, and education rallies in the different school districts. Parents with all their families have gone into the fields at night to harvestuy moonlight the corn and beans so the children might attend the mission school in daylight. The pupils trained there go out to imitate the methods of the mission school teach~rs; hence the ever widening infhience of this institution as an educative force. The crying need is for educated leaders, and only through Christian training in Frenchburg or in an institution of a similar sort can these young men and women be fitted to serve their home communities. Another commendable feature in the work of the mission school among the mountaineers is the industrial work. Training in the industrial arts along with the "learning of books" meets a two-fold need: the need of means to secure an education through the sale of the products of such industry, and the fitting of the student for some practical work in life when the school days are ended. The solution of the whole problem of uplift in the mountains and elsewhere is in the giving of Christian education to as many leaders as possible.

"Lest we forget," let us ponder well the story of past attainments and present activities of home missions, that we may become more cheerful workers in the present, and braver prophet& of the future.

A Recent Visit to Three Battle

BY SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D.

Associate Secretary of the International Y. M. C. A.

W EARE just back from the battle front in France. We sailed on Bastile Day, July 14th, with a large convoy, surrounded by a wall of steel in the form of destroyers, submarine chasers, etc., with sea planes, dirigible and captive balloons going before us out to sea. We spent one memorable night in the old Fortress at Verdun, sleeping in the citadel or great underground city fifty feet beneath the solid rock. There in the inner room, which is the hoIy of holies of the fort, we found the twenty allied flags, including our own, and above them the motto of Verdun, firmly held at such awful cost during the terrible siege of that long year "They Shall Not Pass." The Commander took us over the fortress and the city. Not a single house was left intact. The ruined cathedral and the piles of debris oithe destroyed city were a sad sight, but more sad it was to see the surrounding hills blasted, with their ruined villages and covered with some 300,000 graves. Verdun is indeed the Calvary of France, for here France was crucified for all civilization.

Visiting the British front as guests of the British Army we nad a wonderful time at Ypres, where for four years the British have held back the enemy and kept them from the channel ports. The best blood of England has been shed here in this mud of Belgium, in these sodden trenches, and more than 300,000 graves are round about. Ypres has been the place of crucifixion of England.

After the great battle fields of the French and Englis4· we visited the American field of Chateau Thierry. We stood at the grave that marks the spot where the first American soldier fell, where the first American lines stood and held and broke the German offensive; where the Marines went forward in the great drive that captured Belleau ,Vood and drove the Germans back for more than twenty miles to their present lines. As we went forward across this plain of death we passed great heaps of ammunition and shells, German helmets, guns, bayonets, gas masks, uniforms, trucks, wrecked aeroplanes, trampled wheat fields, ground tossed and torn by shell holes, great trees or forests cut down by shells, and signs of the tide of battle that had swept on day after a (fay in the splendid advance of the American troops. If anyone is doubtful concerning the response of the men to vital religious message, they should have seen the splendid sight of 5,0{)0 men singing their regimental hymn, "Faith of our fathers living still in spite of dungeon, fire, and sword."

More than ever during the long and critical time of demobilization we shall need to do all in our power to sustain our men to the very end, to a peace based upon eternal righteousness.

Mansur-A Converted Moslem*

BY REV. JAMES G. HUNT, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT M AKHAIL MANSUR, who re- "Here is one. Take it," said the cently died in Egypt, was the preacher.

most prominent convert from Islam Being of an open mind, even at this and the most able worker among stage, the would-be controversialist Moslems in Egypt. agreed to do this. Riding the Book It is a quarter Qf a century since under his gelabiveh (native dress), he Mohammed Mansur finished his went home, and shut himself in his course of twelve years in the world- room. He began to read and never famed Mohammedan university in stopped all that night. The words of Cairo, EI-Azhar, and returned to his the Book burned like a fire in his native town in upper Egypt, a learned heart, he said, an effect which the sheikh, honored by all. He had been Koran had never had although he a brilliant student, in many things sur- knew it by heart. He soon became a passing his teachers. The Koran he genuine seeker after the truth and knew by heart as a matter of course, often went to the Protestant preacher and he had made himself master of for help. And in course of time the the Ara;bic language and literature, revolution took place which changed but he had never yet seen a Bible. He the proud Moslem sheikh into a hum- had come upon a single verse of Scrip- ble follower of the Nazarene.

ture quoted in a scurrilous attack on Then Makhail Mansur sought bap- Christianity: "And this is life eternal, tism. He was very timid in those days that they should know Thee, the only and feared to be baptized in his own true God, and Him whom Thou did'st town. There being some delay or mis- send, even Jesus Christ." These words understanding in arranging the mat- had gripped him. He saw by a foot- ter, he went eventually to the Roman note that they were quoted from the Catholic Mission in another town and Gospel by John and became anxious to was there baptized, taking the name find the whole Gospel. of Makhail, which was the name of Aboull t'¥t same time he conceived the young preacher who had helped a desire to argue religion with the him into the light. For some two Christians, confident that he could out- years he remained with the Catholics rival them by his logic and learning. as a teacher in their schools, during He first met a Christian tailor in his which time they took him to Rome town, but the tailor having little learn- and introduced him to the Pope as a ing, took him to the Coptic priest. trophy ,from Islam. But this journey The priest proved' almost equally ig- proved the means of opening his eyes norant. Then they both said, "You to the hollowness and falsity of Rome, had better talk with the Protestants." and, when soon after his return his So he sought out the little meeting room was entered and his Bible and place of the United Presbyterian Mis- some other books taken away, he left sion, attended a service and then told and came to the United Presbyterian the preacher that he would like to ap- mission in Cairo. A little later he point a time and place to discuss re- was received into the church there.

ligion with him. The preacher ex- For a time he was employed in pressed his willingness, but added that teaching new missionaries the Arabic if he really wanted light on these mat- language. For the writer's first four ters he had' better read the Bible and years in that land he was his teacher.

pray.. He answered, Day by day we sat together and in "I have never seen a Bible." course of time were able to converse (for he knew no English) and a • From the United Presbyterian. friendship grew up which deepened

MAKHAIL MANSUR emergency successfully. While he spoke with the utmost plainness, he as the years went by. One day the was so unfailingly fair and frank and lesson took us through the sixth chap- friendly that even though he did not ter of Isaiah and as we read, "Whom succeed in convincing his opponents, shall I send, and who will go for us ?" he always won their good will. How and the reply, "Here am I; send me," many were definitely won to the truth he looked up and said with great it is not easy to say, but the minds of earnestness, "I believe that is God's very many were opened and the widmessage for me. He wants me to est hearing gained. for the Gospel preach to my brother Moslems." The message. For eighteen years these rest of the hour was spent discussing meetings continued, fluctuating in atthis matter. tendance from a few score to many hundreds, while the preacher was Soon after thIISs the way opened for often called to other parts of the counhim to begin to speak at night in a try to give his message. small schoolroom. Only a dozen or two attended at first and most of them On one occasion he was riding Christians. After some time he began on the train when a Moslem la'borer to give opportunity for questions beside him was heard to say: "What which rapidly increased the size of the a wonderful thing this locomotive is, audience and the time came when no yet it came from the infidels!" J oin~ building was sufficient to hold the ing in the conversation Mai<:hail was crowds almost wholly composed of soon preaching Jesus to his fellow Moslems, many of them students from travelers. Not only on themes in the Azhar. They always heard first a which he was an acknowledged masclear, strong, Gospel message, for he ter, but on general topics he had a had come to know the Bible as well keenness of perception and sympathy, as he did the Koran. Then oppor- an appreciation of others' viewpoints tunity was given for questions or dis- and a grasp of the philosophy of a cussion of some theme related to situation by no means common. Islam. He proved a master contro- He was not without his weaknesses to versialist, seldom failing meet any and faults, but who, indeed, is? No one was more ready to af' .~owledge this than himself, as he often did with streaming tears while we talked and prayed together. But his heart was true to his Lord and his life devoted to the Master's service. Many will be found in the Kingdom through his life arnrd testimony. One of these is his own brother, brought to Christ some years ago through Makhail's influence. On his deathbed he charged his brother on his return to Alexandria to preach on a text which he had wanted to use next, "That ye may be filled with all the fullness of God." When some spoke during t:ihe last days of the work he had done, he said, ".AAll was of grace." When others said they werree praying for his recovery, he said, "Pray that Goodd! will do his will in Makhail."

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards The Ounce of Concrete Example " A N ounce of concrete missionary absolute consecration challenges courexample is worth a l;ound of age and heroism in other lives. While abstract preeept," said a leader who a few stories and illustrations have was famed for securing results. Jesus, been told over and over again there is greatest of all leaders and teachers, set a great wealth of stories less familiar.

the stamp of approval on the use of il- A number of outstaflding missionary lustrations as a best method of tClch- leaders have given some of these as a ing. The testimony of Gospel workers Christmas present to readers of the the world over, among rich and poor REVIEW.

alike, is that His story of the prodigal son has brought more prodigals back A SOLVENT OF DIFFICULTIES to the Father's house than all the There is no place where the reality arguments of the most eloquent of prayer is tested more severely than speakers. on the foreign mission field and no N ever was a more compelling call other place where the triumphs to prayer issued to the Christian· wrought through prayer are greater.

world than the story of that worn In a mission station in India a dis- and wasted figure found dead in the agreement among the native workers attitude of prayer over in the heart of threatened to ruin the work and bring Africa, ~:'I,with his last remnant of reproach to the cause of Christ. Con- strength,I5avid Livingstone had gone ditions finally became so serious that down on his knees by his bedside at the American missionary was called Ilala to spend his dying breath in sup- in to settle the dispute. His method plication for the healing of that "open was very different from what was ex- sore of the world." . pected. He came into the village un- The year that Ion Keith Falconer, announced and quietly put up his tent.

noble young scholar, laid down his After his work was done he withdrew, life in missionary service in Arabia, closed the flaps of his tent and began was a year that witnessed a great out- to pray. The natives who had been pouring of life from our American on one side of the controversy gath- colleges: as the story of young Fal- ered and proceeded to the tent to state coner's splendid consecration and their side of the case. They looked fearless death was told, stirring the into the tent and seeing that the mis- hearts of students the world over to sionary was praying they went away follow in his train. for a little time. When they returned If you would that men and women he was still in prayer. They walked should give, the story of great gifts quietly away to wait for him to come and great givers should have place in out but he did not appear.

your methods:" The recounting of the In the meantime a group of those answers God has given to the prayers who were on the other side of the of others makes us long to prevail in controversy approached the tent prayer. The courage and heroism of expecting that the missionary leader

would come out and hear their griev- a Sunday-school tour in America in ances and enter into a discussion of 1910. He was trying to illustrate the them. They were startled like the fact that no Christian worker' could others when they opened the flap of ever succeed with the least trace of the tent and saw the missionary in jealousy in his heart, and he was frank prayer. They, too, went away and to own that that same evil genius had after waiting for a time returned to found a place in his heart in connec- find the missionary still praying. This tion with the return to London of Dr.

went on until at last both parties drew Morgan.

near to the tent door at the same time. He said, "With Dr. Morgan on one The missionary was prostrate on the side of me and Rev. Thomas Spurgeon floor in most earnest prayer. The in- on the other, both of them drawing fluence of the missionary's prayer was bigger audiences than I had at so great that a great conviction of Christ Church, I found myself with wrong-doing came to all the parties in' a battle royal on my hands. I was not the quarrel. They began to speak to long in discovering, however, that the each other, their hearts were deeply qnly safety for me was to overcome stirred, forgiveness was. sought and the spirit within me and pray for given, and the troubles vanished. The these two men and their work. This reconciled Christians went away to I did day after day, asking God's wait for their missionary friend, but blessing upon them. Then I told the without a word he took down his tent officers of my church that we must and quietly went away. There was make a reception for Dr. Morgan, no more trouble in that station. which we did, inviting him and all his "Our Only Safety " official staff to be the guests of Christ Church. On that occasion I told George Adam Smith, the noted them what a wonderful preacher Dr. Biblical scholar, and a guide were Morgan was and how glad I should be climbing a pinnacle of the Alps. They to hear him every Sunday and how came at last out on to the crest. It we were anxious for his greatest sucwas a dangerous place, the wind blew a 'gale, and all unconscious of the peril, cess. Dr. Smith stood up straight to get a "I kept on praying for these two better view of the magnificent expanse in every direction. Instantly the guide men and their chu~ches. ,until I disdrew him down to a kneeling position covered that many times 11:1 iny prayer and said, "In a place like this our only safety is on our knees." I had forgotten to pray for Christ Church at all. The truth is, I soon Of all the safeguards of. life there is none so powerful as prayer. In hours came to learn that the more I prayed of peril or strain it gives an element for these two men the less I had to of $afety and strength to be found pray for Christ Church. I was happy nowhere else. W. E. DOUGHTY. in their success and rejoiced in their growing congregations.· God had given me the victory and he proved it, too, because he filled their churches so DR. F. B. MEYER AND HIS RIVALS full of people that their overflow filled "I found it very much easier, when mine until I had a larger audience I was pastor of Christ Church in Lon- than I had ever had before." don, to pray for the success of Dr. Dr. Meyer's eyes would snap with G. Campbell Morgan when he was in joy as he told this story repeatedly in .America than I could after he came my presence. I have given the words back and took the pastorate of West- practically as I recall them; though. minster Chapel, not very far from my they may not be exactly as he gave them, the substance stmds unchanged. church." I have heard Dr. Meyer say these On one occasion he went so far as to words a number of times in public say in his address, «I discovered that when we were traveling together on there was jealousy in my heart and I

BEST METHODS

put my foot upon myself and forced Within a week or two evidence came myself to. plead with God that it might that He had spoken to a third, for the be taken away." exact amount needed for two tickets Those who know Dr. Meyer and to Singapore came into the missionary have read any of his matchless books treasury, with nothing left over for recan testify how thoroughly any trace of such a thing as jealousy has been turn tickets. With no questionings as removed by the grace of God. He has to how he would get back, Bishop been one of the greatest preachers of Thoburn bought two tickets and went the world. MARION LAWRANCE. wwiitth~ youn~g Oldham to Singapore. On their arrnival as they walked out upon the dock they saw a man looking curi- A MESSAGE GIVEN TO FOUR ously at them. He stepped forward Dr. Camden M. Cobern, the well and said: known archeologist of Allegheny Col- "Are you the missionaries?" "Yes,"

lege, and now serving as Director of' said Thoburn in surprise, "we are ~eligious Activities at Camp Hancock, missionaries but we did not know that IS more than a great scientist and anyone knew we were coming."

Egyptologist. He is a man of faith "Several nights ago I had a dream, and prayer. Dr. Cobern gives us this or a vision," the man answered. "I story of two great bishops which he had been a Christian at home but lost says has strengthened his own faith: my religion until recen'tly, when I be- "Bishop James M. Thoburn is a came deeply impressed with the need neighbor of mine in Meadville, Pa. of missionary work at this wicked For fifty years he was one of the great port. I dreamed-that I saw a mission- powers, for good in India as a success- ary ship coming into the harbor. The ful mdiasysiovn~arryy. nnaaHttuuerraat1lo~1lyyd,, me this story next morning I went to my business one no t as if it and thought no more about it. The were anythimng wonderful, but as if it next night, however, I had the same represented the everyday experience of dream which impressed me even more missionary life. Bishop Oldham has intensely. I considered the matter also been a lifelong friend and was when I awakened, for the vision was f?rmerly a member of my cangrega- so dear that I could not dismiss it tron. Y o.. 1ag Oldham was called to from my mind. I felt it would be ab- missionary service and sent to India. surdly superstitious fat me to follow StrangelJ: enough, all during the ocean my inclination to go down to the dock voyage h~s thou~hts persisted in flying to see if any such ship were there.

from India to Slllgapore. In his hours Last night, however, the. dream came of pr.ayer he found himself praying again and made such an impression for Simngapore. As he tried resolutely that I could not shake it off, nor could to face the opportunity of India he I resist the impulse to walk down to felt constantly a longing that he might the wharf. There I saw the very'ship face what he believed to be a greater which I had seen the preceding nights opportunity in Singapore. When he and the very men whom I had seen l~nded in India, Bishop Thoburn met standing together on shipboard. That hIm and almos~ hesitated to dampen is why I recognized you immediately the young ~an.s ardor by suggesting and stepped forward to ask if you any c~h?arndgse Imn hIS plans, but almost his were the missional"ies." His me~­ first were, "Oldham, would you God had evidently spoken be Wwlillming to go to Singapore? For a sage to this fourth man, who took Tho- week I?ast I have felt that you ought burn and Oldham home with him.

to go If"we can get money for your • He was a successful business man and passsaa~~ee.." largely through his influence a self- . EViIdently the Lord had been speak- supporting mission was soon estab- mg the same message to two hearts. lished.

AS THY NEED IS ing a small hospital. He met insuper- Comp~ratively few people knowable difficulties and was brought face any of the wonderful stories of the to face with the necessity for either faith and prayer which characterized purchasing property or abandoning the life of Dr. W. A. Passavant, the the enterprise. So assured was he of man who opened the first Protestant the will of God that this work of hospital and mother-house for dea- mercy be done that 'he refused abso- coness·es in America and who estab- lutely to consider the suggestion that lished a chain of institutions of mercy the work be abandoned, so he started all over our land, beginning some of on a search for a suita:ble property to them without a penny in hand. His be bought. His empty pockets did not simple faith ,and absolute trust in God daunt him. He knew that Theodore measured out as wonderful answers to Fliedner had gone out to buy the first prayer as we find in the life of George home for deaconesses in the Protes- Mueller of Bristol, England. He tant church without a dollar in his shrank from notoriety, so that these' pocket, that George Mueller had taken stories have come to light largely as in thousands of orphans with no "cash told by personal friends. In a letter in hand" and he was sure he had in- to his son on his seventieth birthday exhaustible supplies within his reach, he said, "My soul is sick of notoriety as did they.

seekers! Oh, it makes me long for For many weary days he searched the spirit of Him who after His mir- the. city for suitable property that acles 'went and hid himself.''' In the might be bought. One day when he published account of the establishment felt that he had done his utmost and of one of his institutions there occurs failed utterly, he realized anew that this simple statement: "A friend man's extremity is God's opportunity, kindly loaned us a thousand dollars to so again he asked God to show him close the sale." At a vesper service the site He would have. As if he at one of the summer conferences, were a special messenger sent in an- Mrs. Harriet Earhardt Monroe, in swer, a man drove up in a carriage to charge of the Gospel Mission in take him to see a property which had Washington, told the story of faith just been offered for sale. As he sur- behind that simple statement: veyed the large mansion on a beauti- "I remember quite well the night ful eminence which oveL)oked the Dr. Passavant came to my father's city and lake beyond, Dr. Passavant house to talk over the necessity for felt that God had led him to the site establishing a Christian hospital in He had chosen for this institution of Milwaukee under Protestant influ- mercy, and, although his purchase ences. For some time this need had funds in hand amounted to only two been in his heart and many letters had dollars, he never faltered. He sur- come urging him to take up the work, veyed the property on Saturday and but only a few dollars in cash had ac- made the Lord's Day following a day companied the appeals. . of prayer, committing the whole mat- "Brother Earhardt," said he, "the ter to the Master who bade him do Lord has called me to go to Mil- the work.

waukee to start a hospital for Him. No doubt was in his mind that the The money in hand is not enough to Lord had need of that beautiful site pay the expenses of. the trip, but with its large mansion on the hill, so wouldn't you say that if the Lord on Monday he unhesitatingly met the wants that hospital established He can administrators. The whole property supply all the money that is needed? was offered to him for the low price I would, and so I have decided to go." , of $12,000—$1,000 in cash being re- When Passavant reached Mil- quired to dose the deal. With the waukee he tried to begin the work confidence of a man who has certified simply by renting a house and open- checks in his pockets he sat down in

BEST METHODS

the office with the administrators. ed in Korea has not been without its While the lawyer read the description testing times by fire and sword. Sev- of the property and the terms of the eral years ago a huge conspiracy of sale his prospective purchaser sat the native Christian against the Gov- silent and with closed eyes, apparently ernment was discovered, so it was so uncomprehensive that, to make said. Missionaries were implicated and sure that he understood, the lawyer accused. Koreans were hurried off to said, emphasizing especially the prison, and when they would not con- cash down payment of $1,000: fess, were tortured to extort a confes- "Do you have any objections to the sion. We saw a man who was tortured terms of the sale?" "None," answered for seventy days to make him con- his client, simply. The lawyer looked fess and who, in all of that racking curiously at the man before him. He pain, refused to deny his Lord. In was sure that this man had no $1,000 our comfortable Christianity with its with him. Evidently here was a inclination to murmur and complain at dreamer who had no knowledge of the every semblance of hardship or our hard, cold realities of cash payments. martyr resignation to tribulation we "Do you understand that the terms of should .get a new note of actual re- this sale require that you pay $1,000 joicing in affliction from a Korean immediately-before you leave this student of whom I heard. He was a room, before the deed can be deliver- member of one of the churches that ed to you?" Again Dr. Passavant was in the center of the police accusa~ bowed his head in assent. There was tion-just home from Waseda Uni- about him a composure and a dignity versity, Tokyo, a month when he was compelling admiration whether or not put in jail as a suspect. He was his pockets held $1,000. Evidently placed in a cell by himself and he here was a man absolutely sure of his grieved because he was restrained ability t{) meet the terms of the sale. from speaking of Christ to the other The lawyer wrote on. He reached prisoners, as his fellow-Christians, the final words of the deed. The mo- who were not in solitary confinement, ment had come when the payment of were doing. Soon he was banished $1,000 was all that was needed to close to one of the neighboring islands.

the sale. The door opened and a serv- When he was released after the break- ant amiOtttr_ed that Dr. Passavant down of the accusation, he said with was wanted in the adjoining room. shining face. "Just think, I had been With the same absolute confidence longing for a chance to speak of with which he had prayed, Dr. Passa- Christ and mourning because I could vant went out to meet the messenger not speak in jail. Then God sent me whom he was sure his Father had off to an unevangelized island where sent. A man who had been treatep in there was plenty of work to do for another hospital which Dr. Passavant Him, and the government paid my had established handed him a check fare."

for $1,000. With a shining face he f returned to the office and laid down the A Thank-Offering That Shames Ours check on the lawyer's desk as the deed When we speak, at our thank-offer- was sealed. ing- meetings, of "the generous thank- offerings of our members" who occa- Rejoicing in Affliction sionally drop spare nickels and dimes Who can estimate the influence of into their gratitude boxes, the story the stories told by Mrs. Helen Barrett told at one of the Student Volunteer Montgomery of her visit to the mis- Conventions of the gratitude of an sion fields of the far East. This one African girl would throw new light on from Korea is worthy of many re- our thank-offering boxes. A mission': tellings: . ary on furlough said: "The Church so wonderfully found- "Over on the West Coast of Africa,

somebody carried the Gospel to a ing her health after treatment in a young savage girl sixteen years of Baltimore hospital.

age, and she came into the house of As she spoke from the platform of a God on Christmas day, to bring her great convention I noticed that she offering, for they have a very beauti- 'constantly rubbed her left arm and ful custom of giving their best gifts wrist. As we went out some one said to Christ on Chri~tmas day. They are to me, "Don't you know she has poor, with a poverty that you and I just made a thank-offering of five know .nothing about. Most of them hundred dollars!" Afterwards I met could not bring anything save a hand- her and as we sat talking together ful of vegetables, but this girl, just I found the connection between that saved out of heathenism, brought a left arm and the five hundred dol- silver coin worth eighty-five cents, and lar thank-offering. With a prompt- handed that to the missionary as her ing deeper than idle curiosity I said, gift to Christ. He was so astonished "Doctor, is it really true that you at the magnitude of it, that he thought have made a thank-offering of five that surely the girl must have stolen hundred dollars?" She looked at me the money, and for a moment he was with a smile of wonderment as to how about to refuse to accept it, but her secret had leaked out. "Yes," she thought he had better take it to save said in a matter of fact tone. "I have confusion. not paid it all into the thank-offering "At the conclusion of the service, he treasury yet." (I happened to know called her aside and asked her where that her furlough salary was $700 a she got that money, for it was really a year) "but I have promised it.

fortune for one in her condition. She "You see," she went on, "my arm explained to him very simply, that in became infected in India and the pros- order to give to Christ an offering that pects seemed rather gloomy. It is still satisfied her own heart, she h:j-d gone stiff, but the treatment has partially to a neighboring planter and bound restored it, and then it is my left arm.

herself out to him for the rest of her If it had been my right arm I could life for this eighty-five cents, and had never have operated again to save the brought the whole financial equivalent women and children of India. I made of her life of pledged service, and laid the thank-offering becausE; it was my it down in a single gift at the feet of left arm." .. ~ her Lord." A Life for a Life Another Light on Thank-Offerings From Mrs. W. F. McDowell comes She was an unassuming little mis- this story of consecration of a girl in sionary with nothing suggesting Bombay: "Over in India some years heroics about her. She had gone ago, a woman was telling the story of through college on less than some of Jesus. In the audience there was a the girls had spent for pin money. Her little girl to whom the story had never medical course had been finished with come before. She listened with eager honors, notwithstanding the privations attention, her whole being going out that were part of her daily life. Then in longing for this man who was also came fine hospital appointments, and God, whose name was Jesus, and who offers from prominent physicians that could save people from their sins. She would .tempt any young doctor. But had no opportunity to get further in- her face was set towards India and to formation. The missionary passed on India she sailed. There she did valiant and the child went back home with the service, under difficulties that would desire filling her soul that she might stag'ger some of our greatest Amer- know more of this man named Jesus.

ican surgeons. I met her while she Two years later she was brought to a was in America on furlough. She had Christian hospital. Her first question been desperately ill and was regain- was the one which had been inner

BEST METHODS

heart those two years. "Can you tell books, a Chinese lantern, a single Chime where to find the man named Jesus who can save people from their sins?" nese dress, and the blue flag of the Having found]esus herself she decided she would consecrate her life to 'Gospel Boat.''' "Surely," whispered ieliling other longing hearts of His love Today she goes from house to house one little one amid the awestruck in Bombay, telling all whom she meets of that Jesus who can save people from silence, "surely he must have been their sins. With unconditional consecration she gave her life to that man very poor!" There was One who for Jesus who had given His life for her. She has never seen her friends since his sake and ours had been poorer that memorable day on which she came to the hospital, and her life might be still. ROBERT E. SPEER. lonely were it not for the joy of the presence of Him who goes with her." SETTLING THE QUESTION From the Life of Wm. C. Burns The Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., who has just returned to America "Aside from the example and teach- from Egypt, stopped in Iowa on his ing of Jesus, there is no richer field way across the continent to present to than missionary biography for the some of the Dutch congregations study of one who believes in prayer, there the increased opportunities for and would help others to realize its work among the Moslems, and espepower and use it. The life of William C. Burns, of China, is an illustration. cially the need for Christian literature. One Sunday he spoke in three little "Know him sir?" exclaimed one, ,country churches, and the next two with almost indignant surprise, when days went around among the farmers asked if he knew Burns. "All China personally .giving them an opporknows him. He is the holiest man tunity to contribute to the work. In alive." one home the farmer and his wife had It is easy to understand why men evidently been discussing the amount felt this~w7.y. While residing in Edin- which they should give and could not burgh, beidle going to China, he had agree. They sat down at the dininga private key to the church of St. room table debating how much they Luke's, and there an entry in his jour- would give, while Dr. Zwemer awaitnal indicates that at least on one occa- ed the decision. The wife urged that sion he was "detained" a whole night in solitary prayer "before the Lord." they should give $75, and the man In beginning his ministry in Dun- thought that $50 was enough. Finaldee, he was known to spend the whole night on his face on the floor, praying ly, with a smile, Dr. Zwemer interthat he might meet the responsibilities rupted with the question: "Who is laid upon him. All the week long "he the head of this house, you or your filled the fountains of his spirit with wife ?" Each indicated ,the other as prayer," and on Sabb3Jth the full fountain gave forth its abundant treasury. the "boss," but Dr. Zwemer looking Such prayer makes influence immor- up saw the motto on the wall, "Jesus tal. Christ is the Head of this House." "Oh," said he, "I see that that motto When the trunk containing the settles the question. I t is neither you property he had left behind was opened in England, there were found nor your wife, but Jesus Christ who "a few sheets of Chinese printed mat- is the Head of this house." The ter, a Chinese and an English Bible, an old writing-case, one or two small farmer saw the point and without a moment's hesitation said, "Wife, give me the check book." He reached for it and writing out his check for $100, handed it to Dr. Zwemer. R. E. S.

FAITH AND WORKS IN INDIA It is an inspiration to faith and an incentive to further effort to hear a response from those for whom the labors of Christian missionaries have been spent. In 1844 Pastor Gossner

sent four missionaries to India with rosy for the children of lepers is posthe instructions: sible and inexpensive.

"Believe, hope, love, pray, burn, From one of the afflicted inmates of waken the dead! Hold fast by prayer! this colony of mercy comes a grateful Wrestle like Jacob! Up, ttp my and pathetic response, not so much for brethren! The Lord is coming and IJ bodily comfort, though he is grateful everyone he will say, 'Where hast thou for that, but for the good tidings which have been brought to him. He left the souls of these heathen?')) says to a benefactress dictating his For five years these four missionaries worked without gaining a single letter to one of the deaconesses in convert. Utterly discouraged, they asked for permission to seek another charge: field. To this request Pastor Gassner answered as follows: "Lady, Peace! your love-heart is so great that it reached this leper village- reached this very place. I have received from you a bed's wadded quilt. In cold- "Whether the Kols will be conver-t- est weather, covered at night, my body ed or not is the same to you. If they will have warmth, will have gladness. Alas, the wideness of the world prevents will not accept the Word they must our seeing each other face to face, but hear it to their condemnation. Your wait until the last day, when with the Lord we meet together in heaven's duty is to pray, and preach to them." clouds-then what else can I utter but Presently four natives were bap- a whole-h'earted mouthful of thanks?

tized, others came to inquire, and a You will want to know what my body church was built. When it was begun is like-there is no wellness in it. No there were sixty members of the con- feet, no hands, rio sight, no feeling; out- gregation, when it was finished there side body greatly distressed, but iruside heart is greatest peace, for the inside were three hundred. So thoroughly heart has hopes. What hopes? Hopes was the work of e'angelization done, of . everlasting blessedness, because of so well-grounded were these degraded God's love and because of the Saviour's people in the faith, that in .1857, at the grace." time of the mutiny, the nine hundred adherents of the Gossner mission re- Where could one find a more thrillfused to give up that faith to which ing example of peace and faith. In they had been baptized 1 Here is a:1 this man's body there is "no wellness"; extraordinary episode in missionary feet and hands and sight and feeling history. In 1845 the deepest degrada- are gone; but in his heart is hope of tion, misery and superstition, which in- everlasting blessedness, because heroic cluded the worship of idols and souls were enabled to believe and hope demons and .even the recollection of and pray and love and burn and waken the sacrifice of living beings-in 1857 the dead." exalted Christian faith and courage. ELSIE SINGMASTER LEWARS. *** CHRISTMAS SUGGESTIONS In 1888 a number of poor lepers were driven from their miserable huts. Among the great numbers of One of the missionaries offered them books and cards offered for the holia refuge in his compound and from day season none are more attractive this small beginning has grown the than those issued by the WorId Allargest and finest institution o~ its kind liance for Promoting International in India. There is a model vlllage on Friendship through the churches. a tract of fifty acres of evergreen woods, with sixty spacious houses, *** offices, dispensaries, a hospital, prayer rooms and a lofty Lutheran church. Dr. Speer has prepared an illumi- nating statement of a Christian's solu- tion of the surging moral and relig- ious issues raised by the war.

** The medical treatment is that pre- The cards by Mrs. Peabody and scribed by the latest inv~stigation of Dr. Fosdick enjoyed such a wide scientific men who have dlscovered the popUlarity last year that they have blessed fact that the prevention of lep- been reprinted.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards MOBILIZING FOR PRAYER solute justice we may not cherish a F RIDAY, January 10th, is appointed spirit of hatred or revenge. For our by the Federation of Women's Allies, with thanksgiving to God that Foreign Missionary Societies as the He has given victory to those whom Annual Day of Prayer. What does this He called to work for the 'freedom of statement mean to you? God has called enslaved peoples; that .our neighbors Christian women to the task of evan- in the Orient-China, India, Japan, gelizing the heathen world through Africa, the Philippine Islands, were women and children. It is an impos- united with us on the side of righteous- sible task except that He has promised. ness and liberty. Thanksgiving that to give wisdom and power. He, the the Holy Land has been released from King of kings, invites us to meet and the unholy hands of the Turks and that confer with Him. This is the ap- new liberty is promised to the Arme- pointed day. He will be present at the nians and to those in Moslem lands.

meeting places. Who will come? In Second Hour. For women workers many places the women will not ob- in the Orient. The outline of our study serve the day at all. They are too book by Miss Margaret Burton will busy. Where the day is observed in furnish wonderful suggestions. For great cities, with hundreds of churches our union colleges and medical schools: of all denominations, one hundred to Vellore Medical School which opened three hundred women will constitute August 20th; Madras College; Ginling a "good attendance." Those who College; Peking College and Medical come in the Spirit will receive great School, and the greatly needed medical blessing and strength. Unfortunately school for Shanghai. (See Chapter the meeting will not always be for VI Women Workers of the Orient).

prayer, but will merely furnish an op- Third Hour. For South America portunity for addresses. We wonder and Mexico, our nearest neighbors, what wUJ.~·:.happen if women should who must not be forgotten in the come in gT'eat numbers to meet their "passing of the Bread of Life."

Lord and Saviour and should spend the Fourth Hour. For Africa and the entire day with Him, asking of Him Near East: Egypt, Persia, Arabia, and listening for His answer? Is it Turkey and Syria, with special thought not possible so to present the call for for Moslems who are to be so deeply this day of united prayer by women of affected by changes wrought by the all denominations that we may have war. Thanksgiving that instead of re- overflowing churches, glowing hearts sponding to the cry to join the holy and a wav·e of prayer reaching to the war against Christians, they chose in very center of Divine power? great numbers to join with the Chris- We have been ·asked to suggest some tian Allies in the fight for freedom.

of the great, outstanding needs for Fifth Hour. For world reconstruc- which we should unite in prayer. We tion, beginning with the training of our can only sugg'est, leaving freedom for children for the Christian internation- t?e Holy Spirit to direct the interces- alism of foreign missions. For a new SlOns. world alliance based on friendship and First Hour. For our defeated brotherhood rather than on political enemies, that they may be brought to foundations. For a program for our see and abhor their sin in making and churches great and heroic enough to conducting this war. For ourselves, . compel the attention and devotion of that while we think and act with ab- all Christian women. For a new read-

ing and comprehension of the Divine One dollar will place a copy of one plan. For. a universal proclamation of of these or a similar book in the hands the GQSpe1 of our Lord and Saviour of some girl who has never even Jesus Christ. dreamed of your wealth of Christian *** rea~ing!* It is suggested that the General Will you not share in this DOLLAR Boards of Foreign Missions be invited DRIVE for your allies in the Far East?

to unite with us in this Day of Prayer Will you give the price of a good book and that the evening of the day be de- to extend the work of the Christian voted to prayer for the great work of Literature Committee in translating these Boards, in which men and women and publishing in the Orient suitable unite. reading matter for the women and Abundant information may be found children?

in the missionary magazines of the Do It Now various denominations and· the MIS- "Gifts for Christian Literature SIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD, as . Work will count tremendously for the well as in the many leaflets and books Kingdom." Do you remember Lila- published by missionary societies and vati Singh, the wonderful young by the World Alliance for Interna- woman from India, whose charming tional Friendship. (This outline with personality and Christian consecra- some further suggestions may be ob- tion attracted such wide attention a tained from your Woman's Board, 10 few years ago when she visited this cents per dozen, $1 per hundred.) country? She said that after reading CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR THE Henry Drummond's "Greatest Thing in the World," she went to her room T ORIENT and, falling on her knees, thanked HE world war has brought new God with tears that Christian people and undreamed of opportunities had made it possible for her to read for the circulation of books and leaf- a book like that. lets setting forth the ideals of Chris- tian democracy. The women of little QINLING COLLEGE IN ROSE TIME villages in India and China, knowing THIS charming photograph of the that their husbands and sons have . garden of Ginling College in gone to fi'ght for France, are begging rose time has been sent kom China the mblewomen to' teach them some- by Miss Lydia B. Brown of Ames, thing about that land, to them so re- Iowa, who sailed in August, 1917, to mote and unknown. Already two mis- be on the faculty as head of the music sionaries are putting into simple lan- department. guage little life stories of Joan d'Arc, to be printed in Chinese and Hindu- Miss Brown has had excellent prepstani. Friends of the Christian Lit- aration for her missionary service, not erature Committee of the Woman's only in musical studies, but also in Boards have made special contribu- y. W. C A. work and in vacation tions to finance the publication of schools with seven teachers under her these pamphlets-$50 each. supervision.

"The Meaning of Prayer" is reach- Two months after her arrival at ing hundreds of Japanese womenthose eager, initiative sister-allies of Ginling she wrote: "Oh, it is such ours. a privilege to be here. The best that one has to give in every phase of life Can we realize what books like is called for in this work. These girls "PoUyanna," "Golden Windows," are so fine, but they need so much "The Sky Pilot" mean to girls whose help and they are so needed in China only idea of fiction comes through the today. For years it has grown on me fetid atmosphere of European novels "Remittances may be sent to Miss Alice M. Kyle, Cbalrman, 503 Congregational House, of the lowest class? Boston, Mass,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

GINLING COLLEGE GARDEN IN ROSE TIME-NANKING, CHINA that music has power to develop cer- This morning I came across two futain moral, spiritual and evenphysi- nerals. The people are dying eleven cal qualities in a way that other things and twelve a day. The doc~or thinks cannot, and here I find girls who need the numbers may reach twenty and just the kind of development that thirty a day. It is sad to see so many music can $ive, and the opportunity houses deserted. I dropped in at Daw is mine.'~ ~iuioottiinng from a later let- Paw Kin's this morning to see how ter : "How can I make you all see she and Ma Saw Tin, the blind girl, and feel the joy in living that is mine were. I found them both well and these days? .. I've never had a very anxious to go with me around doubt since I first came to Ginling, among the houses. It was all I could College but that this is the place where do to dissuade them. 'But we are not I ought too be, and being here is a afraid of the plague,' they insisted. privilege not easily over-estimated." However, I had my way and went alone, Daw Paw Kin calling out to COURAGE IN BURMA me, sadly, 'I'm afraid for you, Mama; please let me go along.' All the THOSE who appreciated the hero- houses around their $33 house are ism of Ma Kaw in her long and closed, and the inhabitants have fled because there have been deaths dangerous journey described in the in nearly every house but theirs. Of October Bulletin will recognize the course, finding no food in the other same spirit in a letter recently received houses, the rats will naturally come from a Mandalay (Burma) mission- to their place. I gave them a bottle ary. Perhaps our experience with Spanish influenza fits us to sympathize of disinfectant yesterday and told more intelligently with such Oriental them to keep all food under cover, and conditions. to wash their house clean with the phennoo1l. I begged them to come and "Weare busy at work nowadays. Plague is rampant in Mandalay again.

live in our compound, but they prefer HOUSEKEEPING TRIALS IN to remain there." INDIA Note-Have you read about Daw Paw Kin? Do you know the story of the $33 [Conclusion of letter from Miss Coon of house? Send to Publication Department, the Woman's Christian College, Madras, 450 East 30th St., Chicago, for a copy of South India. October REVIEW, page 775.] the leaflet, "Story of Daw Paw Kin, a Burman Princess." 5c. My last household duty is an inter- HOW TO USE view with the cook. From my win- "Women, Workers of the Orient" dow I shout a lusty "Co-o-k I" to which there is usually no response. T HIS handbook of suggestions by I try again, pitching my voice on a . Mrs: Montgomery should be owned by every reader of the textbook. !'or higher key, and may be rewarded by the tiny cost of ten cents one receIves page reproductions of six charts, and the sound of "Yes, madam," or "Comsix pages of directions by Miss T.homson for chart making and planning; a ing, madam." Then I sit down belist of leaflets published by different boards to use with each chapter; valu- fore my desk and open a huge account able general hints, and varied titles for six to eighteen meetings. But book while cook enters, buttoning up most important of all .are the twentysix pages of fascinating schemes for the top button of the coat he has presenting the thought of the textbook in missionary meetings and hastily donned on his way from the study classes. kitchen to the house. The following Has the Board of Health interfered with your meetings? Then you need conversation gives you an idea of "How to Use" to enable you to condense your study without losing the what takes place: proper emphasis. Is the chairman of your program committee obliged to "Good evening, cook." resign? "How to Use" will train an "Good evening, ma'am." efficient successor. "Today's account, cook." "Yes, ma'am. Soup meat one annas, CHRISTMAS MESSAGES FOR ma'am." WAR TIME* HYes." "Beef twelve annas, ma'am." The Glory of Christmas "Yes." By Lucy W. Peabody "Bumbayunyun two annas, ma'am." "What is that, cook?" A Prayer for W orId Friendship "Bumbay unyun, ma'am." By Harry Emerson Fosdick "Oh, Bombay onion?" uYes, ma,'am." 5 cents each; 50 cents per doz.; "Very well." $3.50 per hundred "Potato two annas six pie, ma'am." "Yes." Editions limited-Enrvelopes included "Plantain three annas, m-'",m." GI~ BOOKS FOR GROWN-UPS- The Christian Man, the Church and "Yes." the War "Ghee two annas, ma'am." By Robert E. Speer "Yes." "Eggs eleven annas six pie, ma'am." The New Horizon of State and Church "Why spending so much for eggs, By William H. P. Faunce· cook?" "Pudding, ma'am, and breakfast side Price 60 cents each, postpaid dish, ma'am." "Very well, but get good fresh eggs, 'Order Cards and B(){)ks frOID World Alli- cook. Miss Fisher's chota egg very bad ance for International Friendship, 105 East last three mornings. Must be good 22nd Street. New York City. eggs." "Very good, ma'am. Firewood three annas six pie, ma'am." "Yes."

"Salt and onion' six pie, ma'am." "Yes." "Lime one annas, ma'am," uYes."

"Nuts six pie, nla'am." "Yes." "Charcoal six pie, ma'am." "Yes." "That's all, ma'am." (Intermission while I add the ac- count.) "Two rupees, four annas, cook?"

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETJN

"No, ma'am, two rupees, eight an- they can do a hundred times the good one of us could do. When you stop nas." to think tha.t only one per cent. of the "Yes, cook, .,-ou are right, two eight. women of India can read or write, N ow tomorrow there will be eight ladies for breakfast and six ladies for dinner.

. (Miss Paul looks after all the students' you will realize the wonderful oppor- tunity we have of working with the food, which is a much greater task, and first women to have higher education. for that we have two cook women from Our responsibility is great. Then we Calicut.) For breakfast we will have– any meat left, cook?"

"No, ma'am, meat done finished," or do have a few Hindus and we a.re "Yes, ma'am, four pieces, two wings, one very eager that they shall see the leg and one liver." beauty of the Christian life and be won to Christ while they are students. I will spare you an account of my Where two or three single women efforts to vary the menu when I won- missionaries live together they often take turns doing the housekeeping, der why there are no more kinds of but that would hardly work here. It fell to me to do because I have less meat and why the pudding we had the teaching than anyone else. Some- times I think that it is a big waste of night before is the only one that seems my time, but then. again I see a vision of what I may make of the task and to appeal to me. . how perhaps I can be a "house moth- er" rather than a housekeeper. I was On Saturdays there are other things much touched one night when a num- ber of students who had been out for to be seen to, such as cleaning and the afternoon returned, and seeing me on the veranda, one said, "There is the dhobi. The dhobi is the laundry mother waiting for us."

man. He takes away your dirty As most of our servants are Hindus, and those that are Christians are like clothes, pounds them on the rocks in children, there is much to be done for the river and brings them back all them if I have the wisdom to see what it is. Then we love to have the girls snowy clean and perhaps full of holes. come to see us and quite often they come in the evenings. At first they We pay the big price of five rupees a were too shy to call on me, but now I have three faithful callers, one of month-one dollar and sixty-seven whom refuses to be seated, but stands close beside me and pats my hand in cents-for the washing of the house a funny little affectionate way.

things.

At the end of the month I have a strenuous time with the residence ac- counts. After being brought up on a decimal system it is no joke learn- ing to divide the sum of the pies by twelve al}o .t~e sum of the annas by sixteen. . PiTv accounts have to be audited and -I am beginning to think that a business training would have been a good thing for me to have had.

I wonder if you have been saying to yourselves, "Where does the mis- sionary work come in ?" I tried at the T outset to warn you that my day was THE FEDERATION HE Executive Committee of the very unlike that of the village missionary with his preaching in the bazaars or her visiting of Hindu homes. Federation held an important Of course their work is partly indirect meeting in New York City on Friday, and they spend a large amount of October 11. Delightful plans for an time training Indian pastors, cate- inspiring and practical annual meet- chists and Biblewomen. Our work ing following the Garden City confer- resembles this side of theirs. Our ence are being made. All delegates aim is to train our girls so well, to should reserve both Thursday and make them so strong and resourceful, Friday (January 17 and 18). A sug- and to fill them with such a longing to gested form for the constitution and serve India that as they go out year by-laws of local missionary unions IS by year to the towns and villages soon to be printed.

·Work for Soldiers and

THE END IN SIGHT-YET NOT dishes, nurse the sick, play banker, THE END superintend athletics, and do it all in THERE is reason to believe that the the name and for the sake of One who end of work for forces actually taught the great lesson of human under arms is in sight, although it will service.

be months before the forces now in Europe and in training camps can be AMERICAN Y. W. C. A. WORK demobilized, brought home and re- AT A GLANCE turned to their civilian pursuits. In Compiled Aug. 1, 1918 the meantime the educational and re- UNITED STATES: Regular work-l,02S ligious activities for the men must go Associations in cities, counties, on with redoubled energy and in- schools and colleges. Membercreased wisdom. The men will prob-' ably have more leisure than when in ship, 366,887. training or in active service and must War work-61 Hostess Houses operating in cantonments; 37 au- thorized or under construction; therefore be kept busy with studies, 18 more requested. Club and recreation work in 127 games, entertainments and various forms of service. Otherwise their centers. leisure time would put added tempta- 714 Patriotic League units, with tions in their way. Now will come the over 420,000 members. Emergency housing for girls em- time to show what can be done with ployed in 7 war work centers. and for a civilian army, navy and air Work for girls in war industries in force on a non-fighting basis. 12 centers; for colored girls in 18 centers; for foreign-born women.

THE PRACTICAL "Y" in 21 centers. 2,500 social morality lectures in 142 O NE of the most difficult features communities. of Y. M. C. A. work overseas is One Land Army unit. FRANCE: For American women in 5 that of obtaining necessary supplies. centers; for Red Cross nurses in for every available ship is carrying 14 base hospitals; for French troops and military stores. But these wdmen in war work in ~ -centers. RUSSIA: For girls in 3 cenL••~ "Y" men are resourceful persons; not SoUTH AMERICA: Buenos Aires, Mon- one in a hundred is doing the kind of tevideo, Rio de Janeiro. work for which he was trained; none INDIA AND EAST INDIES: Bombay, of the men seem to have any idea that there is anything that cannot be Lahore, Calcutta, Simla, Ceylon, Rangoon. CHINA: Peking, Tientsin, Nanking, done if one has the will to do it. Be- Shanghai, Foochow, Canton, ing unable to obtain baseball ba11!iS, Mukden, Chengtu, Tsinanfu, they had the lumber cut and kilndried it in a bread bakery, then they Hangchow. JAPAN: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto. turned it and polished it; short of HAWAII: Honolulu. TURKEY: Work suspended "for the mitts, they set the local harness-mak- duration of the war." ers to sewing them; finding an unap- -The Association Monthly. peasable hunger for American choco- late candy, they started a factory to manufacture it; they made contracts FFOORR WWOOMMEENN OOUUTTSSIIDDEE TTHHEE with near-by pastry-cooks and bakers A CCHHUURRCCHH to make American cookies and maca- N English woman in charge of a roons and crackers on a big scale. military hospital wrote to an The. secretaries are equally ready American: . aanndd wwiilllliinngg ttoo ggiivvee lleeccttuurreess oonn aarrtt aanndd hhiissttoorryy,, ttoo tteeaacchh tthhee BBiibbllee,, wwaasshh ""TThhee wwoommeenn ooff EEnnggllaanndd hhaavvee bbeeeenn pprraayy– iinngg,, bbuutt wwee hhaavvee eevveenn iinn tthheessee ssaadd ttiimmeess

LATEST NEWS OF WAR WORK

stayed by ourselves and prayed with our undaunted, and continue to accomplish small group of friends in our own churches marvelous things under more whole- -nothing has been done for the thousands some labor regulations now in force. of sorrowing women outside the church. I hope the Christian women of the United MARSHAL FOCH BELIEVES IN States will not make the same mistake." . PRAYER The National Women's Prayer l 'HE request of General Robertson Battalion has been organized to help that Christian people should make the church meet this need. It has men the war a subj ect for special prayer of nation-wide reputation on its ad- has been followed by a statement ina visory council: among them Dr. similar strain by Marshal Foch. The Bishop of Birmingham describes him Frank Mason North, Bishop J. W. as a man of vivacity, determination, scientific knowledge, quick decision, Bashford, Dr. John Timothy Stone and untiring energy. That such a man, to whom work is of the very and Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman. In a essence of life, should bid us lift up our hearts and voices to God, makes quiet, simple way the battalion gives one very certain that he believes in the pastor a point of contact and an the power of prayer. entrance into every home which has a service flag in the window. There are MISSIONARY EXHIBIT IN members of the battalion in thirty-six states and two foreign countries. FRANCE ENGLISH WOMEN IN WAR TIME THE Y. M. C. A. has started mis- sionary propaganda in the base OVER 2,000,000 women and chil- dren are now directly replacing camps in France. There are indica- tions of deep interest, proving the men in England. These are recruited worth of this effort as a recruiting from industries made unnecessary by agency for the mission field. In one the war; from women who had ceased large camp in northern France an am- to work; from other groups who had bitious experiment registered a large never entered industry and from the degree of success. This was a mis- home makers. With enemy guns with- sionary exhibition held each evening in hearing and air raids terrifyingly for a week in a Y. M. C. A. hut. There I frequent, it is not to be wondered at were curios, informal talks and a lan- that labor regulations were disregard- tern lecture each evening. ed. The same has been true in France. But ba ") countries have learned that THE Y. W. C. A. IN JERUSALEM they must have more rigidly regulated conditions to secure the best results. THE British military authorities have given to the Relief Committee The Government called upon the Women's Cooperative Guild and the in Jerusalem the use of a good build- Young Women's Christian Associa- ing with a large garden as a Y. W. C. A. Hostel for working girls, and tion for aid, local committees were the secretary, Miss Dora MacInnes, formed and house to house canvasses arrived May 15th. The work is sup- were made, with the aim of plac- ported at the London headquarters of ing every woman in the position best the Y. W. C. A.; is part of the relief suited to her. The Y. W. C. A. work of the committee and an ex- . has cooperated with the Government tremely useful part, as the industries in housing problems, in providing for women and girls are being rapidly amusement and in caring for the small developed. There have been training children of working women. One rest classes in dressmaking and lace make day a week is now assured by having ing; the latter industry has been some- women known as week-enders come in what hampered by the difficulty of to relieve those on regular duty. obtaining a sufficient supply of thread. Through all the period of adjustment when overwork, underpay and little recreation drained her strength, the English women have kept their spirit

~ ~~N"~ EW~-S~f='R~ ~~OL·~ _MfiitAMj_·f_A'_N'_Y"_t1A_AAJ_N"_Jt_ kDk_)i•S_•_,~r_…i.I

NORTH AMERICA conference quite apart from the Gen- Baltimore and the Foreign Problem eral Convention.-The Living Ch1trch.

T HREE hundred and fifty thou- Five Years' Progress Campaign sand Poles are within the limits of the Broadway Methodist ~piscopal T HE following are the ten g~als Church in Baltimore, speakmg only toward which every congregatIon of the Reformed Church in America is Polish and transacting practically all asked to bend their efforts: their business affairs with members of I-To endeavor to double its com- their own race. The social ties among municant membership.

them are very strong. The vas.t ma- 2-To secure at least one candidate o jority of them are Roman C.atholtc and for the ministry. their children go to parochIal schools, where they have littl~ or nC! intercourse 3-To provide efficient training for with any except Poltsh chIldren. The Bible-school teachers. oldest members of the colony have 4-To organize Young People's So- been in America about forty years; cieties into Training Classes for most of them have had little or no Christian Service.

education and the second generati.on S-To see that every member is a subscriber or regular reader of is only beginning. to .sho:-" some famt some Reformed Church periodevidence of AmencamzatlOn. In ord~r ical. to meet this urgent !1e~d .for. Amen- 6–To organize a live Men's Miscanization and ChnshamzatlOn !he Baltimore church planned and earned sionary Committee.

on a summer school the past season. 7-To enlist every woman of the Church in Woman's Missionary, One hundred and twenty-five children Organizations. were enrolled the first week, more than twenty of the number being Polish. 8-To adopt Systematic and Propor- tionate Giving. i_ Seven nationalities in all were represented. With this achievement as a 9-To contribute pro rata t" all debeginning, the pastor and ~is assista.nts feel that they are justified m launchmg nominational Boards. a more extensive program for next 10-To render efficient Community, National and World Service.

season. "Norsk" Dropped from American COWlcil of Bishops Lutheran Church A NEW movement was launched in A LONG and spirited discussion the Protestant Episcopal Church took place at a recent session of when the first Council of Missionary Bishops met in Cheyenne, 'Wyoming, the Lutheran Assembly over the ques- October 9-13. The first subject considered was church institutions, such tion of eliminating the word "Noorn'Yyeas schools, hospitals and. homes for children. The second tOoPPtIC taken up gian" from the name "The ~or~egtan was that of Indian work; the third day was devoted to the matter of a com- Lutheran Church of Amenca ; 533 votes were in favor of the change and 61 against it. The matter will come up for a final vote at the next general meeting. .0 mon budget, while the fourth w~s con- The Great Commission Prayer League T cerning clerical education. Thl.s was HIS League, conducted by Mr. Thomas E. Stephens at 808 .La the first time that a group of blshops with common problems have met for Salle St., Chicago, Ill., was founded some years ago to link together in a ual training, during the present year.

bond of prayer Christians who are It was planned to give the children as burdened with the sense of responsi- much Bible study in five weeks as chil- bility for carrying out the great com- dren usually get in one year of Sun- mission of Christ for the evangeliza- day-school.

tion of the world and who pray defi- The school was thoroughly up7tonitely, earnestly and regularly for the date and quite inexpensive-salaries speedy evangelization of the world. and material cost no more than $95.

Th"e work of the League is conducted There was an enrollment of 275 chil- through correspondence. One day's dren, as large a number as the aver- mail included 13 letters from foreign age progl'essive Sunday-school.

lands, 11 from Canada, and 84 from MA Western Town the United States. These letters re- ONDAK is a word made up of ported 53 conversions and 44 answered the first three letters of Monprayers. They contained 27 requests tana and the first three of Dakota; and for prayer. A bulletin is issued to it is the name of a little town of 200 members and a large service is ren- inhabitants, just over the boundary dered in the distribution of tracts and line of prohibition North Dakota. leaflets. The ministry of prayer and Nine saloons flourish within its limits, the printed page is practically unlim- plus the usual accompanying evils. ited in its scope. There is one church building, but no. minister. But two miles away North of Home Mission Council Colored Women Dakota Congregationalism has a mis- I N the news from China will be sionary enterprise which is endeavor- found a report of the first annual ing to meet the need.

meeting of the Chinese Woman's Mis– sionary Society. Here follows an ac- LATIN AMERICA "I count of the first annual meeting of Overcoming Prejudice the Woman's Home Mission Council WOULD not have one of the of the Colored Methodist Church. new sect in my house, and if This meeting was held in Nashville, one of _them should come in he'd go Tenn., September 3-8, attended by out again in a hurry." So said an old thirtY-;.""r- representatives from twenty- Brazilian woman named Joanna, and four socl(~ties in nine states. The or- so much was she in earnest that when ganization is modeled upon the Wom- one of her sons discarded his evanan's Missionary Council. A deaconess gelical faith and returned to a life of board was appointed looking toward sin she actually rejoiced. She seemed the training of young women as settle- quite unyielding to every appeal. If ment workers and pastors' assistants. a caller introduced the subject of re- The success of this significant work ligion the conversation was closed at will be assured if it has the help and once, and the visit at an end. Prayer encouragement of the white societies. was the only means left. Then the time came when Joanna felt ill and as -Missionary Voice. she continued to grow worse, one of California Vacation Bible Schools the church deacons who was a ser- DAILY Vacation Bible Schools geant in the Brazilian Medical Corps, have been organized in every decided to seize the opportunity. He community on the Pacific Coast to off- found her illness within the range of set some of the evils of California, his skill and set about treating it at where it is not allowable to mention once, with encouraging result. After the Bible in public schools. The Mel- a few visits the old woman's curiosity rose Baptist Church of Oakland, Cal., outran her reserve and she inquired had a five weeks' summer session of why he, a stranger, had come to help Bible study, together with some man- her. Here was tne opportunity

sought and she was told it was for can. A missionary from VilIa Rica the sake of One who had gone much stopped there recently for two days farther to help him. What did he and the people implored him to send mean, she wondered. Quietly listen- some one to teach them. ing to the story of divine love and sacrifice old Joanna found herself con- An elderly woman was calling in vinced that there was at least one good air raid shelters underground. When person in the "new sect." Her inter- the missionary approached the house est aroused, she learned new truths at to visit the family. When she saw each visit of the doctor until she an- him coming she said, "Here comes. the nounced herself ready to accept Christ devil." It is a common occurrence for and His GospeL-The Neglected Con- a priest to be called in to baptize a tinent. house after a Protestant has entered it in order to clear the place of evil In South Brazil spirits. Their sllperstitious ignorance is of the densest sort.-The Neglected ON the Minas side of the Carin- hanha River in South Brazil lives Continent. a man who was sent across the state line for misconduct. A man came to EUROPE his home, asking for shelter, and before retiring read to his host out of Buying up the Opportunity a book words he had never heard before. He became interested and had D R. A. C. DIXON of the Metrothe man stay with him many months. politan Tabernacle, London, took During the day they gathered the advantage of the air raids on !h~t city rubber, and at night the visitor read from the New Testament. The lis- to utilize them as an evangehstlc optener himself could not read, but he got a copy of the New Testament, car- portunity. Soon after the air raids ried it with him, and when he met began upon Lo~don, a. "Zeppelin anyone, he would converse on spiritual things, asking his hearers to look for choir" was orgamzed to sl11g 111 the a certain chapter and verse, and then repeat it to him word for word. He air raid shelters underground. When was baptized and afterward moved away, but the work goes on, and the first raid warning was sounded, the others have come to know the Gospel. choir began to sing and continued un- Striving to Attain in Paraguay til one or two o'clock in the morning. Y EGROS, a small town about three hours' journey on the railway The results have been incalculable, for from Villa Rica, South Paraguay, was at one time a German colony and there of the 650 conversions in the Taberare still many Germans living there, although at present most of the in- nade during the past year, many are habitants are Paraguayans. There are about seventeen Christian converts directly traceable to. the <?ccasions in 'this town, who are eagerly waiting for admission to the church. They when the converts, takmg rej! Fe from hilVe no one to instruct them in Christian living, but every Wednesday and the Zeppelins, have listened to the Gos- Sunday evening they have a meeting pel in the shelter room. . at which they sing hymns, pray, read the· Bible Cl;nd preach as well as they England and the Jews A PROMINENT Jewish merchaflt, recently returning to London from Russia, reports conditions as he found them, particularly in Lithuania. "The Germans at first suppressed both national and religious movements. Teaching of Hebrew was, forbidden and every Zionist tendency obstructed. When the news of the capture of Jeru- salem reached Lithuania the joy of the Jews was in'describable. The Jews are heart and soul w.ith the Allies, es- pecially with England, and their grati- tude to England knows no bounds. When the Bolshevik government falls, as it will, England will see how affec-'

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tionately she is regarded by Russian does by citing the significant ommis- Jews."–'-The Christian. sian from the copies of their book of Aggressive Work of London Jews' highest authority, "Doctrine and Covenants"-issued in different Euro- I Society I') ~ll pean languages since the outbreak of the war-of the Manifesto hitherto T is apparent that, in spite of war printed in the appendix of the same and which pretendedly professed the conditions, much successful work is being carried on by the London Jews' Society. Agents of this society abandonment of both the teaching and are engaged in relief work in Jerusa- practice of this crime. Is it not high lem and Jaffa, in full cooperation with time for the United States to wipe the Syria and Palestine relief work. out Mormon polygamous teaching and In Tunis, work in connection with the practice at its fountain-head? This Girls' School is continuing and is pro- can be done only by securing an antiductive of much spiritual help. Itin- polygamy amendment to the Federal erating tours are being carried out in Constitution. Morocco, resulting in larges sales of o Old and New Testaments. All this Indian Christians in France is being carried on in addition to work NE Indian labor company behind in the home field, in such centers as the Unes in France- contains forty London, Manchester and Birmingham, Marathi Christians. While acting as.

wherever war conditions permit. stretcher bearers during. a retreat, Then, too, missionaries are preaching every man lost his copy of the New to the thousands of Jewish refugees Testament in his own tongue, and the at The Hague and an industrial work British Bible SOciety has just replaced is conducted at Rotterdam. From all these books with new copies. While these centers the workers report hope- the men were without Bibles, they fully that the Jew was never so open quoted passages from memory at their to theGospel.-Life of Faith. regular evening meetings. It was im- Monnonism in England pressive to hear these Marathi Chris- tians, among the rest of the company ENG LAN D has been greatly who were Mohammedans, singing aroused for several years over Iltstily, "I'm not ashamed to own my Mor,y'')1 activity and in a recent issue Lord." of Jon'/'> Bull, one of England's most outspoken periodicals, appears an Bible School in Switzerland article specially warning the girls of IN 1906, Dr. Ruben Saillens was that country against the machinations invited to hold a series of evan- of .Mormon emissaries who are now gelistic meetings in Lausanne, Swit- more active than ever in their diabol- zerland, and at the close of these serv- ical efforts to lead women to the ac- ices a number of his friends asked him ceptanc'e of Mormonism and' ulti- to organize a Bible Institute, so as to mately to the practice of polygamy. give permanence to the work begun.

The writer calls attention to the fact This Dr. Saillens did not find it pos- that hundreds of English girls were sible to do, but he agreed to start a by the elders of this system shipped Summer Bible School of a few weeks'

to Mormon colQnies in the United duration. The school thus founded at States as late as the year 1916 and Morges, near Lausanne, has been in that other hundreds have since been operation continuously from 1907, baptized into the Mormon faith; and with the exception of the year 1914, points out the depth of Mormon in- and was attended before the war began trigue and the determined purpose of by about 300 people, who came from Mormon officials to. keep up the teach- all parts of the French-speaking world ing of polygamy and promote the. and remained for four weeks.

world-wide practice of it. This she The Bible School usually ends with

a convention, lasting one week, at actively hostile. However, there are which the best evangelical preachers many women in Arabia who have keen of France and Switzerland may be intellects, are not indifferent t~ spirheard. The motto of the school is. Le itual things and are friendly to the Christ tout entier dans [a Bible tout missionaries. If they were men they entiere (The whole Christ in the whole would take an open stand for Christ, Bible) .-Missions. but being women they have no right or opportunity.to manage their own In Darkest Russia lives. Yet in spite of all these ob- stacles, women converts there are in E VERYTHING is chaotic in Russia Arabia, even though such a deoision and not many lucid accounts of means persecution and constant danconditions there have come across the ger of death. Employment must be seas, but the brightest spot in the pic- found for them, ignorant, unskilled ture is the work which the American and helpless as they are, and with no Y. M. C. A. is doing there. Driven one to befriend them except the misfrom one place they go to another, and sionaries. There is need for unwhereyer they are a hut is opened and bounded optimism on the part of the the men come flocking in., "When are women missionaries to Arabia.- the Americans coming?" is the ques- Christian Intelligencer. tion continually asked by the Russians. Many refugees owe their lives to the Ceremony of the Holy Fire secretaries. At Mourmansk, the Y. M. C. A. provided ship fares for a family F OR the first time in generations of Armenians who had been seven the ceremony of the Holy Fire in months fleeing from their native land. Jerusalem has been observed without At Kiev, the Association was paying the presence of a single soldier. The for the care of a woman who had gone Turkish Government had always stainsane from mistreatment by German tioned large numbers of troops in the soldiers. At Archangel the Y. M. court of the Church of the Holy C. A. hut is all that stands between the Sepulchre and within the chul"'Ch itself ; soldiers and complete stagnation. and their brutal roughness, together When the news from Russia reaches with the fanaticism of the different us it will be seen what really construc- sects, had always led to riot and bloodtive work is being done there by the shed. But the British military -gov- Y. M. C. A. ernor of Jerusalem determineu that this year the ceremony should be ob- MOSLEM LANDS served without the presence of sol- diery. It was a bold decision to make, Kismet or Christ? but he himself was present with his staff and had asked two members of W HAT makes the task of winning the American Relief Committee to Arab women for Christ appear stand in front of the mass of Armenalmost hopeless? One element of the ians to keep any turbulent spirits in difficulty is the fatalism of the Arab order. who, in spite of every proof to the contrary, maintains the earth is flat; The church was packed to the doors that ink washed from a verse of the and the excitement was intense; Koran is preferable to any remedy that Greeks, Armenians and Copts were can be obtained, and who accepts any there, intensely jealous of 'each other, fate because it is fate. Satan uses as the Greeks being the most troubleanother weapon the natural indiffer- some. But on the whole, the historic ence of Arab women to things spirit- ceremony passed off quite peacefully. uaL Her sins do not trouble her so' long as she is in favor with her hus- Additional Help for Persia band, has good food and pretty clothes. She is frankly bored when O WING to the terrific need for exone begins to talk of religion, if not perienced workers in the gigantic

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

task of relief in Persia, the Foreign may again take her place among the Board is planning to send out a party nations of the world !"-C. M. S. of missionaries to that country imme- Gleaner. diately. All of them have had experience in the foreign field fighting INDIA famine and epidemics, and the group will be attached to the commission sent The Week of Prayer in India out in May by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. NOWHERE throughout the Chris- This commission expected to reach tian world was greater interest Persia the latter part of September, where it would be joined by Dr. Wil- manifested in the week of prayer than fred M. Post, who sailed from Seattle in India. The manner in which Bomthe first of the month with a large bay observed the week is typical of the quantity of extra supplies-six motor way many other places entered into trucks, a Ford car, fifty sewing ma- the plans. chines, 100,000 sewing needles, 25,000 thimbles, 1,000 pairs of scissors, con- In Bombay all congregations were densed milk, typhus serum, vaccine urged to meet every day for silent and green soap.-The Continent. prayer Cl.nd meditation, and in order that Christians of every communion INew Bibles for Old might have places to which they could N Persia, .last year, .our colporteur go for prayer, the Church of the was offenng the Scnptures to some United Free Church of Scotland and' Russian soldiers near the railway sta- the Hume Memorial Church of the tion at Tabriz. .one of them was go- American Marathi Mission were ing to buy a copy, when another came opened an hour each day: At the reup and said: "Don't be in a hurry to quest of the National Missionary buy now, for in the near future there Council, the Bishop of Madras prewill be a new Bible. Our government is changed, .and everything else, in- pared "Outlines for Meditation and cluding this book, will he changed Prayer" for use during the week, and t9g)~Bible Society Record. these were widely distributed and used in the province. The day following An Open Door in Persia the week of prayer a meeting was held at the Anglican Cathedral for which pEOPLE are no longer afraid to be a special form of service was drawn heard tallking- about Christ, or to up by the Bishop of Bombay. It was printed in English, Marathi, Gujurati be seen reading their Bibles in Persia, and Urdu, the four languages most and there is a growing friendliness to commonly used in Bombay. The the Gospel in both town and country. hymns sung in the service were those. A general review of the Church Mis- which had translations in all four lansionary Society's work in Persia for the year 1917 concludes with this para- guages. Between seven and eight graph; hundred people attended the service and shared the inspiration of the meet- "Whatever the trend of events in ing. Through the efforts of the Na- Persia leads to, it is certain that west- tional Missionary Council, arrange- ern influence is now in the ascendent. ments for the observance of the week Persia will not be left to her own de- of prayer in India were made accord- .vices; alone she can do very little, but ing to conditions prevailing in the dif- she may be of great value, with her ferent communities. The Commission unexplored resources, to other nations. of the American Episcopal Church has May she fall into the hands of those requested that similar services be held who will not exploit her for their own during the week of January 18-25, advantage, but will help her to ways 1919, and plans are under way for of rectitude and prosperity; that she enlisting the cooperation of every communion and race in order that the movement may be widespread.

Building Up Christianity in India could be no bright future for a boy with such a background! But first A SURVEY of Northwest India this boy was sent to a village schbOI shows there are 90,000 converts and then was selected for further ready for baptism. Outside of this training in a boarding school, where number are 200,000 more knocking at he lived under the care of the mission- the door of the church, while 3,000,000 ary. Afterwards, a two years' college more of the same caste are definitely course, and last of all, the theological in line for evangelism. Last year 15,- seminary. Thus in every step he was 361 were baptized, and all this in the the product of the mission. A few very heart of a heathen land which intervening years, and the boy be- was absolutely barren of results a few comes a trained and dependable pastor years ago. and leader of all the native forces in a great mission station, which included Seed Sowing Unseen five churches, twenty congregations and eighteen village schools-all this NoT all the evidence of the pene- in the hands of thirty-five native work- tration of Christian teaching in ers-and around these churches a heathen popUlation of 200,000 waiting India is revealed by missionary sta- to be reached. The American mission- tistics. In the seclusion of many ary was called home and Pastor San- Hindu high caste homes the founda- tiagu is the one man capable of guid- tions for a new India are being quietly ing all these forces. Soon he is recog- laid. In Triplicane nineteen ladies in nized as the natural leader of the prac- the house of a Brahman allowed Chris- tical affairs of the district and is tilm missionaries to hold prayer meet- elected mayor of the town, although ings. One of the ladies postponed a the town is largely Brahman. trip to the mountains in order to at- tend. In Egmore thirty ladies came One man has not been mentioned from different homes to hear the Bible thus far in the story. He is an ear- and sing Christian hymns. At Purse- nest Christian in a western American walkum more than thirty ladies in church who sent twelve dollars an- gorgeous robes and flashing jewels met in a high caste home for prayer. nually to pay for the support at a boy One sang the "Glory Song," another a Tamil hymn about the birth of in a mission school. This had itn~de Christ, yet not one of these women of possible the training which brL>t1ght high degree would be allowed to pub- this Indian Christian leader to his licly confess her faith or leave her se- prese,nt usefulness. cluded life..:….-Missions. National Missionary Society of India ISomewhere in India N Missions a story is told by the THE National Missionary Society of Rev. Brewer Eddy of the Ameri- India has just issued its twelfth can Board which visualizes the attain- ments that may be reached by mission- annual report. The primary object of aryeffort. Fifty years ago a poverty- this society is the evangelization of stricken small boy, the son of Chris- those districts of India where no mis- . tian parents, might have been noticed sionary work of any sort is being car- in a pariah village of India. Not a ried on. It is now working- in the man or woman of the village could Montgomery District of the Punjab; read or write. It was thought as im- in the Nukkar Tahsil of the United possible to teach them as to train a Provinces; the Rewa State of Central cow to read. Their poverty was so India; the North Kanara District of hopeless that the entire income of an Bombay and in the Omalur Taluq of average family would not equal one dollar a month, and this not per capita, Madras. These fields are maintained but for the whole family. Surely there respectively by the Church of England, the Presbyterian Church, the Mar Thoma Syrian Church, the United Church of South India and the Luth-

11991188]] NNEEWWSS FFRROOMM MMAANNYY LLAANNDDSS 995511

eerraann CChhuurrcchh.. FFoouurrtteeeenn IInnddiiaann mmiiss– wwaass rraaiisseedd tthhaatt ssuucchh aa ccoouurrssee ooff ssttuuddyy sionaries· are ennggaaggeedd ddiirreeccttlly in tthhiis would only give time to unsettle the work, three being doctors, and all well men without time to build them up in educated. Five additional missionaries strong Christian character. The matare in training.-C. M. SS.. Gleaner. ter was left to be decided at the next GGeerrmmaann MMiissssiioonn iinn CChhhhoottaa NNaaggppuurr annual meeting, and in the meantime the secretaries were asked to make a T HE latest report on the working thorough investigation. of what was formerly the German Mission in Chhota Nagpur, presented Educational Problems in India T by the Bishop of Chhota Nagpur, to HE Girls' School at Katra, Allaha- bad, can accommodate but few the executive of the National Mission- ary Council, indicates that the large Hindu girls in the boarding depart- educational work is being well main- ment because of the difficulty of caste. tained under the management of the One Brahman girl who was very anx- Anglican missionaries. The high ious to enter the school had to be reschool in Ranchi, for example, has not only increased in numbers, but its stu- fused because she could not do her dents have done excellently in the pub- own cooking and take the full course, lic examinations. The other schools and she could not because of caste seem also to be prospering to such an regulations eat at the clubs with the extent, in the case of some of the girls' Christian girls. A woman was found schools, that it is difficult to find ac- who would cook for her, but this wom~ commodations for the pupils. The lib- an refused to wash the dishes, beeral grant from the government goes cause to do so would make her cerefar to meet the cost of the educational monially unclean. A second woman work.-Indian Standard. said she would wash the dishes, but she couldn't cook for the Brahman girl Student Camps in India because she was of such a low caste T HE Student Christian Association that the girl would not eat her cook- in India is doing a great work for Indian students-a work especially ing. As it was impossible to take in vital and important during this time two extra women besides the girl, she of,.g•. ~~"th a~nd change.. One phase of had to be refused.-The Continent. the work i1sS the holdimng of Student Camps in the various sections of India, "". iI Burma and Ceylon, and there are at present three of theess~e,, b,u:t the nn~ulIml~bber SIAM AND LAOS of traveling secretarnies IiSs too lIimIited to enable them to give as much time "WUN An Image Procession and attention to these camps as should LAG PRA"-day for be given. There is also the difficulty dragging the image-is a fesof speakers making themselves under- tival observed in Siam. On a pedestal stood as they travel from one camp to another, because of the diversity of is placed the gold leaf image of languages.' At the eighteenth annual meeting of the S. C. A. it was proposed Buddha, with candles, joss sticks and to hold Bible Schools in connection flowers, and accompanied by four with these camps, to which selected students from the various colleges priests, to be taken on a trip to some might be invited and given a course nearby temple. Two ropes attached to of lectures, introducing them to the historical setting of the Bible and help- the car enable those who pull it to attain unmeasured merit. During the rainy season the same festival is held on the water, when every available boat is pressed into service, and the silver image is taken for a boat ride to some temple beyond the barracks.

This festival is an occasion for great mirth and hilarity, and a variety of ing them to a devoted and ~seerriio?uuss fancy costumes add color and gaiety study of its books, but the oobb)jeeccttliOon to the scene.-The White Elephant.

New Life in Siam CHINA MRS. W. G. McCLURE of Siam The New President of China tells of encouraging signs of BStj SHIH-CH'ANG, former Vice- awakening in that little kingdom, President of the Privy Council, Muang Tai, as it is sometimes called. and candidate of the generals of the The railroads are pushing out north Chinese Northern Army, has been and south; a system of schools on the elected President of the Republic of plan of the one hundred and six gov- China. Hsu has been one of the most ernment schools at Bangkok are spread prominent figures in China for several over the entire kingdom; now that years. He helped to conduct negotia- they are in the war they are sending tions in the settlement of the Russo- rice and foodstuffs to feed Allied sol- Japanese war. On the abdication of diers, and their medical men are Hsuan Tung, he became guardian of equipped for army service; Bangkok the boy-emperor and was Grand Coun- Christian College is rapidly outgrow- cillor to Yuan Shih-kai. Hsu Shih- ing its equipment and all its available ch'ang now becomes· China's second space is filled. At the request of the duly elected President, Li Yuan-hung students two new Bible classes have and Feng Kuo-chang having served been organized. out the term of Yuan Shih-kai.

The Church of Christ in Siam has eleven mission stations, more than one A Missionary Movement for China A hundred missionaries, eight ordained NEW and significant movement has been started recently in Ku- Siamese pastors, three hundred and forty-one assistants and teachers, with ling by a group of Christian Chinese.

about eight thousand communicants in A self-appointed committee assumes forty-one churches. Twenty young the responsibility for sending native men and two young women have been missionaries into the province of Yun- sent by the Siamese government to the nan to carry on Christian work and United States to be educated, making the undertaking is to be initiated this in all forty Siamese students here year. It will be known as "The Mis~· learning our customs and the religion sionary Movement of the Chinese of Jesus Christ. Church" and is promoted entirely by Chinese. Probably the movement was Standards for Siamese Teachers prompted at this time by the fad_ that aoo THE King of Siam is much inter- those not directly engaged in the war ested in the education of his peo- saw that they too should serve ple, and one of his latest edicts is sacrifice. It will undoubtedly be an reg-arding private schools. The new important factor in breaking up pro- rule requires that the site of the vincial prejUdices, and in uniting the school shall be sanitary; that the teach- various churches of China.

ers must be of a moral character that will make them suitable as leaders of A Comprehensive Evangelistic children; that their age and their Enterprise scholarship must be suitable, and that SEVENTEEN HUNDRED walled their teaching shall be such as to make cities of China, as well as thou- the pupils loyal citizens, with an ade- sands of other smaller centers and quate knowledg-e of their native land market towns, are now for the first and their own language. The king is time really open to the missionaries.

also deeply interested in the literature Rev. Charles E. Scott of Tsing Tau of his country, and encourages the au- says that this is due to a series of in- thorship and pUblication of high grade ternational events which have made original works and the perfect trans- Chinese leaders realize the impotence lations of such classics as Shake- of their false religions. Missionaries speare's "Merchant of Venice."-The on the field re'cognize this as a strategic Continent. situation, offering an opportunity to

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

reach the influential gentry, and lead- vantage of their womanly sympathies, ers of the commercial, political and and they gave money in the hope of social life of China. In view of this "making merit." situation the Shantung· Mission, the China Council and the Presbyterian The daily needs, woes and ambitions Board of Foreign Missions have or- of the women wef1e reflected in ,the ganized the Chiha Cities Evangeliza- idols most worshipped. These were tion Project. Some of the Christian the mud dog, curer of tuberculosis, leaders of China have felt that too and a crippled dwarf, defender from much emphasis has been put upon edu- accident. One could discern on many cational work in the past, and this ,a face the longing for spiritual peace, project seeks to preserve a balance be- unattainable by such methods. tween that and evangelism, and looks toward cooperation of Chinese and ANew General Hospital in Wuchang foreign leaders. NEW general hospital has been erected in Wuchang, China, by First Chinese Bishop Appointed gifts of members of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, and is THE appointment of the first Chi- now open to patients. In addition to nese bishop of the English Church the usual clinics, operating rooms, waiting rooms and offices, it contains is an important event. Tsae-seng, a an attractive chapel built in memory son of Rev. Sing Eng-teh, was edu- of Mrs. Leonard, wife of the Bishop cated at the Ningpo Mission School of Ohio. There are wide corridors, and ordained in 1889. He was head airy, well lighted private rooms, but master of Trinity College for many the crowning feature is a large triyears and carried on parish work in angular porch on each floor,with Ningpo. In 1911 he became Arch- French windows opening upon it, makdeacon and four years later chairman ing it possible to roll beds in and out. of the Taichow Church Council. Thus Here and there throughout the hoshis devoted labor has led up to the pital are brass plates to remind one appointment as Bishop and it is hoped that this or that part of the building that he may have many years mote of has been provided by some friend in useful service.-The Christian. America.

R c. TCt"_ ~, Festival at Tsingtao Throngs of Chinese gather in the Iiv. E. SCOTT has been waiting rooms hours before the time for the clinic to open, and as they wait preaching recently at a series of they gaze curiously at the Bible pic- tures on the walls, and hear often for semi-annual tl'mple festivals, attended the first time the Gospel message which we call the "old, old story," yet so new by thousands of benighted worship- to them.-Outlook of Missions.

pers. The opening day of the series WA New Campaign in Hunan RILE in America many camwas Women's Day. In order to at- paigns are on for helping 'to re- lieve misery and suffering, the Chinese tend the festival many of the women Christians are cafrying on in Heng- chow a campaign to stimulate "Family tramped from ten to one hundred Ii Worship." A convention was held which laid strong emphasis on the re- (a Ii is a third of a mile) on their tiny, vival or erection of the family altar. The heads of seventy-eight households broken feet. No accommodations were signed a promise to hold daily prayer services. An attractive pledge in the provided for them at the temple; the form of a scroll was prepared, and, village was small and they were weary and confused. Many of them dragged themselves in late at night. No lights were there on the streets; every door was barred and they were obliged to sleep in the temple court. Each woman carried a broom to sweep. the six months' accumulation of dust off the idols and also to sweep the temple. In- describably repulsive beggars took ad-

after six months, when the pastor had seven churches, thirty-three of which investigated to see if the pledge had sent delegates to the meeting. The been kept, the scrolls were given out. society is affiliated with the other so- New names are being added and the cieties of the church and is the forty- spirit of its seriousness seems to have first and youngest organization.

been caught. One man said he would A little incense burner had an inter- like to sign, but his business called esting place in the meeting. It was him away from home, and on those a once sacred heirloom and had seen days his pledge would be broken. He many y'ears of service in ancestor wor- was assured that God would excuse ship. Its owner, wishing to make a such inability. gift to her society but having no money, brought this as a relic of Hunan Bible In.stitute heathen days. It was at once offered COLPORTAGE work in China re- for sale and on the spot was filled veals the fact that marty men, con- many. times to overflowing with con- verted in middle life, have a real gift tributions. It was then decided to send for preaching and an earnest desire to the burner to the Woman's Missionary extend a knowledge of the Gospel. Council in America.

Most of them, however, cannot meas- In connection with this meeting the ure up to the scholarship requirements annual Bible Women's Conference was of admission to theological seminaries, held. Mrs. E. V. Jones of Soochow and some are past the age limit. In was the only foreigner who was an spite of this they could render very accredited delegate to these meetings. efficient service if they were able to Wil!W"1<: '

have a good course of Bible study and Korean Mission to China training in methods of Christian work. THE Presbyterian Church of Korea It is a very common thing for new con- supports two ordained missionaries verts to follow the colporteurs miles in Laiyang, Shantung Province, China.

from their homes, taking their food When this Korean mission to China with them, in order to gain as much was opened in 1912, and again last as possible from the morning and eve- year, when two new missionaries took ning Bible classes. the place of· the ones originally sent, In order to meet this need for Bible there was keen competition amollg the training the Hunan Bible Institute has candidates for the honor of J.,eihg been opened in Changshit. . The 8iste chosen to go to the foreign field in selected for the Institute is a splendid China. This year an additional or- one, on the military road half way be- dained missionary has been sent to join 'tween Siao-wu and Liu':yang gates. It the forces, and the choice has fallen is sufficiently large to afford room for upon a graduate of the Presbyterian future growth. The buildings have not Theological Seminary of Chosen, who yet been erected, but a beginning of is also a college graduate.

regular work is. made possible by se- curing temporary quarters near the Christianity Taught in a Factory 'site .of the permanent location.- THE Japanese owner of a spool silk China's Millions. , ~ 11'1'1111] factory, though not a Christian, in- vited two missionaries to give regular AChinese Woman's Missionary Society talks to his employes. He told the NY member of an American missionaries very frankly that he had Woman's Missionary Soc i e t y no faith in the power of Buddhism, would have felt quite at home if she saying he had had Buddhist priests could have attended the first annual come regularly once a week to speak meeting of the Chinese Woman's Mis- to his workers, but the personal life of sionary Society held in Changchow last these priests, even more than the flabby May. This society was organized last character of their preaching, had con- year and has auxiliaries in thirty- vinced him that no help could be ex-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

peeted from such a source. He said bowed for silent prayer. Another hand clap and the school is seated with that from the little he knew of Chris- a crash and the lesson begins. Then tianity he believed it was the source of come the review questions something real spiritual strength. In order that on this ~ise: "Children, is there any the whole force of workers, about SSO God beSIde Jehovah?" "No," with a women and 50 men, might hear the mighty shout. "What about people Gospel message, this mill owner arranged .to close work for the day at who worship idols?" "They are igfive p. m. instead of six; and as a norant and crazy," answers an older further proof of his desire to help his boy. "Who are the most deluded peo- ple in Korea?" "Those who throw employees, he asked to have a Bihle stones at tree spirits," says a girl. woman live in the dormitory of the Surely, heathenism is being dealt with factory to teach the women Christian here, and hopeful it is for Korea that truth and practice.-Missio11S.

these lively, growing children are be- TA Sunday-school in Korea ing turned from the darkness of· idol- HE Korea Mission Field gives a atry to the Light of the world.

graphic picture of a Sunday-school in Haiju City. As a prelude and a AFRICA G means of swelling attendance, two Progress Among the Berbers young men go through the streets REA T E R changes and more blowing their cornets and attracting a marked improvement are in pros- motley assemblage of ragged, wrig- pect because of the war, and French gling, noisy youngsters. Stopping at influence and control in North Africa.

a corner they send out the peals of Religious conditions are much more "What a Friend We Have in Jesus," hopeful because of the war, which is and from several directions come more making people, both French and na- children. Proceeding to a bridge, they tives, more susceptible to Christian play "Stand Up for Jesus," until great thought and ideals.

crowds of adults, as well as children, The Berbers are an indigenous peo- quite fill the bridge and even block ple who have occupied this territory traffic-not a· serious offense in that for more than 3,000 years.. About a leisl '~~ land. At last the procession million Berbers live in the Kabylia moves' on with "Bringing in the mountainous country and about 14,- Sheaves" until it finally reaches the ooo,CXlO more are in other parts of modest little church at the edge of the North Africa. The early Christian town, where the "sheaves" are gath- Church under Augustine had a strong- ered in with "rejoicing." The two hold there, but Mohammedanism es- young men make the most of the op- tablished itself by the sword in the portunity and seize hold of any urchin seventh century. But notwithstanding whose courage fails and may be slink- the power of Mohammedanism there ing away into a side street. The Ko- today, the Berbers are more accessible rean woman teacher is already at her· to Christian teaching than other Mos- post, teaching some little girls the lem people. When properly trained Lord's Prayer-"Hanari, kaysin, uri, they make the finest missionaries who Abaji." Then the boys come tumbling could be found for teaching their own in, one landing in a wild heap on the people.

head of another who is about to pull the ear of the boy next to him. One Liberians Raise Money for Memorial is eating away at an ear of corn on THE native blacks of Liberia, al- the cob; another is the happy pos- though suffering economic hard- sessor of a huge cucumber. Riot and ships on account of the war, are doing pandemonium prevail. Then one of their part in raising. $10,000 for the the young men takes matters in hand, Cox Memorial Fund in honor of the claps his hands twice and heads are first Methodist missionary to Africa.

The object of the Memorial is to put and the Presbyterians recorded the the educational institutions of Liberia same sentiment. But up to the preson a firmer basis; $25,000 is the ent time there has been no union. Now, amount required, and before the war however, a movement looking toward Liberia planned to raise it all, but they the fusion of the Presbyterian, Conhave been obliged to lower their goal gregational and Methodist churches of to $10,000. The most up-to-date mod- Australia is going forward hopefully. ern methods of raising money are in If this united church becomes a reality, operation, and the ever present and the Presbyterian group will contribute ever ready Ladies' Aid is not lacking. 558,000 members, the Methodist 547,- In the First Church of Monrovia com- 580 members and the Congregational petitive teams were formed, each un- 74,000. The total population of Ausder a leader, and at the dose of the tralia is about 4,500,000. It is hoped drive over $5,000 of the amount needed that such a union may be formed as to had been subscribtd. insure solidity, a union of spirit and service. The movement will be A Mission to GoM Diggers watched with interest in other lands.

I N THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Filipino Farmers . WORLD for June, 1912, an article "ECONOMIC awakening" is the was published entitled "Among the term applied by the Philippine Gold Diggers of South Africa," telling the story of the founding of a mission Free Press to the period through by Mr. A. W. Baker. For the past which the Islands are passing. This twenty-one years Mr. Baker has con- condition is full of promise for the futinued to be Honorary Director of the ture, for no matter which way one mission he founded, and there are now turns in the Philippines there is seen three European superintendents and a new spirit and a dominating interest, more than twenty native evangelists something new and vital which has working in the compounds belonging taken hold of the average Filipino. In to the mines around Johannesburg, CIS this new day that is dawning, the Filiwell as in the outposts of the mission pino farmer will have an important in British East Africa, Natal and place, for the country is chieflr agri- Gazaland. cultural. There are many ageHut!S at work for the uplift of the Filipino Mr. Wm. M. Douglas writes that farmer and he is becoming alert, able since the beginning of the mission over to discuss intelligently his problems of 5,000 natives, chiefly men, have been irrigation, of labor supply and of marbaptized. It has been strongly im- kets,-an encouraging indication of pressed upon the converts that the) national development. are saved to become sa;iours of others and thus a spirit of truc evangeiism ~ OBITUARY NOTES has been developed. The Council of the mission is composed of ten men, Rev. O. P. Allen of Turkey selected from the various evangelical churches of Johannesburg. REV. ORSON P. ALLEN, whose death occurred at Constantinople AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS on June 21, was the last of a group Church Union in Australia of pioneer missionaries whose names are associated with the Harpoot Mis- IN 1903 a joint committee represent- sion of the American Board. Mr. ing the Presbyterian and Methodist Allen was born in Smyrna, New York, on November 6, 1827. He graduated churches in Australia drew up a plan from Amherst College and Andover for union. The Methodist· General Seminary, and sailed from Boston for Council expressed its conviction that the mission field in 1853. After being "the union of the churches would be stationed at Trebizot1d for a year, he in accordance with the will of God for returned to Harpoot. the advancement of His Kingdom,"

Labrador Eskimo. By E. W. of transportation, hunting and

Hawkes. Illus. x. 12mo, 225 pp. Ot- household utensils and tools; their art, tawa: Government Printing Bureau, social organizations and customs, 1916. games, music; their religion and its ceremonies; their mythology, illus- THIS is Memoir 91 of the Canadian trated by generous samples of their Geological Survey, No. 14, in the folklore :-these are the main themes of the volume. Thirty-five plates of Anthropological Series. As such it well executed half-tones wdd clearness is scientific and technical, yet it casts to the scientific descriptions. In a greatly needed light upon that small word, the reader here finds material group of Hyperboreans who have that will enable him to construct the wandered south from the Arotic Cir- life and beliefs of these northern peocle into bleak Labrador. There they ple which will prove far more illumihave been since 1771, the loving and nating than the meager references to hazardous care of the Moravian mis- them in Dr. Grenfell's writings, and sionaries. Little rs said here of nearly the pathetic' stories of little Pomiuk. a century and a half of missionary ef- Few scientific writings are so readable fort, though a fine tribute is found on as this Memoir. pages 10':13, summarized in the opening paragraphs concerning their "re- A Tour of the Missions; Observations markable work," to which those Eski- and Conclusionls. By Augustus Hopmo "owe not only their salvation but kins Strong, D. D. 8vo, ZZ3 pp. $1.50.. their present existence."… The The Griffith & Rowland Press. Phila- Moravian Missions have been severely delphia; 1918. criticised :for the traJdling establishments which they run side by side with FOLLOWING his delightful actheir missions. But for this they can count of his recent visit to plead extenuating circumstances, and the administration of spiritual and mission staJtions in the Far East, seclJ1~f matters is kept entirely sep- Japan, China, Burma and India, arate. . The principal thing in their Dr. Strong, President Emeritus of work which appeals to an ethnologist Rochester Theological Seminary, deis the fact that, as a missionary body, votes four chapters to questions they have encouraged the Eskimo to connected with the Bible and miscontinue to live as natives-that is, to sions. These are of particular eat native food and wear native cloth- value to serious students of mising–:-which wise position has been instrumental in keeping the na.tive alive sions. The author's keenness and e:x:- in this district, while they have utterly perished in the south. The general perience are. seen at almost every attitude that the Moravians have taken point, and the chapters giving an actowards the Eskimo, of a not too fa- count of the tour are full of attractive miliar kindness, and of founding their pictures of missionary work. When authority on it instead of on force, is he takes up the very important sub-' also interesting to a worker among na- ject of missions in relation to the tive tribes, particularly as regards the Bible Dr. Strong severely criticises success with which it has been at- the effeot of rationalistic views upon tended." missionary work He found a grow- ing tendency "to depend upon educa- The physical characteristics of Lab- tion rather. than upon evangelism" rador; the food, clothing and houses (p. 193). In his chapter on "The of the people; interesting: descriptions Theology of Missions" there are some very impressive words about the true

relation of heathenism to· the Bible the right spirit and the substance of and Christianity. If our students and his conclusions as to the solution of ministers could see the futility and, the problem are here given. He holds far worse, of critical teaching in the strongly that the only way of meet- mission field they would perhaps real- . ing the difficulty is by the adoption ize its deadliness in the home churohes of a new Oriental policy and program upon which the character of mission- by the United States Government.

ary work so largely depends. This should embody two fundamental principles: First, real protection for The Unshaken Kingdom. By Henry C. ~he States on the· Pacific coast from Mabie, D. D. 12mo, 180 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Company. New the dangers of excessive Asiatic im- York. migration; and, second, Asiatics should hav~ the same rights and THE substance of this volume of courtesy of' trecttment that America lectures was delivered by the late accords to people of other lands. author to the students and faculty of To carry out this programme, Dr.

the Southwestern Baptist Theological Gulick holds that all immigration Seminary. Eight chapters deal with should be' regulated .by the principle the fundamentals of Christianity in that only so many immigrants from the face of strain and stress. After any particular race shall be admitted a discussion of the "Things which as may be genuinely Americanized, cannot be shaken," Dr. Matbie treats and that privileges of citizenship of other subjects, like "Providence should be gUven to every individual Ground~d in Redemption, "The Cure who qualifies, regardless of his race. for Agnosticism," "The Clue to Certainty in Religion," and simJilar In the discussion of these points the evidential topics of Christian truth. author forcibly calls attention to the lit need hardly be said that a deep strong resentment felt in Japan by the missionary spirit is found everywhere humiliating race discrimination which and is especially expressed in the last art present obtains against this people. chapter, "The Ultimacy of the Missionary Enterprise." The account of Various :facts and factors in the a conversabion with Haeckel, the well- new situation are presented in this known German agnostic and mate- ,book, and every effort is made to think through the implications of the rialist, is of intense interest and would proposals. The first part is con~-'led be of immense advantage if reprinted and circulated everywhere in tract with the political aspect, and tksecform. This is a book to be pondered -and with important statistics on which the al'lgument is based. In the light and utilized. of the present war, and the fact that the United States and Japan are now American Democracy and Asiatic Citizen- allies, gives the work an addled inter- ship. By Sidney L. Gulick. ·8vo, 269 est and importance–especially to stupp. $1.75 net. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. dents of the Eastern situation.

WHEN strained relations developed Studies in Christianity. By A. Clutton . between America and Japan over Brock. 12mo, 169 pp. $1.25. E. P. the California Anti-Alien Land Dutton & Co. New York.

Law, Dr. Gulick and another THE author, who is well known American clergyman were sent to through his delightful essays in Japan by the Federal Council of The London Times, here turns hi~ at- Churches . of Christ in America tention to Christianity~but ~t must be to study the question in its re- confessed not the Christianity of the lation to Christianity. Twenty-six New Testament. The Gospels are yearS of missionary service in Japan criticized with uncommon freedom; gave Dr. Gulick exceptional opportu- the Cross is held up, not a sacl1ifice, nity for approaching the Japanese in but only as a martrydom, and there is no reference to redemption and the Out There. By Charles W. Whitehair. Holy Spirit, and practically no treatment of ·sin. Indeed, Christ is to Mr. Illustrated. 12mo. 249 pp. $1.50 net. Brock only a man. D. Appleton & Co., 1918.

The author of these studies writes AS a Y. M. C: A. secretary, Mr. delightfully on art, politics and litera- Whitehair had peculiar opporture, but it must be frankly said that he knows almost nothing of essential tunities to study men and morals Christian religion. among the British troops. He takes his readers to the French front, and The Call of a World Task. By J. Lovell to London, Paris and Cairo, and shows in turn the physical and moral Murray. Two parts. 12mo. 201pp. dangers which confront the men. It 50 cents. The Student Volunteer is a stirring picture of heroism and Movement, New York, 1918. sacrifice, mixed with saddening and inexcusable evidence of the lack of THIS is one of the fi:ne, sane book.s preventive measures on the part of the that have grown out of the war. British Government to guard against immorality among the British troops It deals with the demands that are on leave. The picture of Cairo, made in these war times for a new ex- "where there aint no ten Commandpression of international Christianity ments," is enough to cause wonder and the response which the church that God can refrain from another must make. The studies grew out of judgment, such as those that overthe missionary program adopted by whelmed Sodom and Pompeii. the Student Conference at Northfield last January. The call, as voiced by Metlwds in Prayer. By W. Graham Mr. Murray, demands reality in re- Scroggie. 12mo. $1.00 net. George ligious life, Christian internationalism and an occupation of neglected fields. I H. Doran Co., New York, 1918. A world program for the church is de- N these days when the thoughts of manded and a full mobilization of individuals and of nations are turn- Christian forces. If Christians have ing to prayer as never before, it is of n~t learned from this war lessons of generalship, aggressiveness and sacri- great practical value to have read a fice for missions, then the Church has treatise on the subject, sane, concise, failed to see the "handwriting on the yet comprehensive. W. Graham Scrog- gie writes not only as student but from ,,~. _:1." personal experience of the supernatur- al power and joy of prayer. The Christian Man, The Church and The War. By Robert E. Speer. 16mo. He considers the five aspects of 105 pp. 60 cents. The Macmillan prayer: adoration, confession, petition,' Co., 1918. intercession, thanksgiving, and' lays stress on the fact that Christians are THOSE who wish a clear statement not to SAY prayers, but to BECOME of the Christian attitude toward prayers. The prayerless life is the the world war and its problems will powerless life, but the truly prayerful be delighted with this brief study of life is the powerful life as is shown the principles involved. Dr. Speer from the history of the Church. shows how one may take the counsel of the Apostle Paul in seeking, as a We have the assurance that God can loyal citizen, to live in a manner and will answer prayer, but as Mr. worthy of Christ and His teachings. Scroggie points out, there are reasons He discusses the Christian man and for unanswered prayer revealed in the War, the Church and the War, and the Bible. The author's suggesthe World Problem and Christianity. tions for the study of prayer from It is a good book for misguided pacif- a Biblical standpoint are of especi<l;l ists on the one hand and for vindic- value to Bible teaohers, missionaries tive church members on the other. and pastors. The book is a challenge to all Christians. It confirms faith,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

stimUlates desire for further study, and sympathy and service at home she calls to ~ deeper experience of the "for- leads naturally to the "enlarging of gotten secret" in individual and chun;h the house of friendship to include as life. brothers all the members of the Heav- enly Father's family. A valuable list The Goal of India. By W. E. S. Holland! of "Reading Books on World Friend- lZmo. 256 pp. Paper. 25 shillings ship for Junior Boys and Girls," is net. The London Missionary So- added with a Bibliography and Prof. E. P. St. John's Chart of the "De- I ciety, 1918. velopment of a Junior," all so neces- NDIA is a land of many races and sary for the teacher that desires to grow and to help the children to de- tongues and religions, but the peo- velop in Christian character and in service to mankind. ple are gradually awakening from ignorance, superstition, caste and leth- argy to seek education, spiritual en- lightenment and self-government. Mr.

Holland, the principal of St. Paul's Jack-of-All-Trades. By Margaret Apple- garth. Illustrated. 12mo. 86 pp. Cathedral Mission College in Calcutta, Paper, 29 cents; cloth, 45 cents. Coun- cil of Women for Horne Missions, sees India through friendly but un- New York, 1918.

prejudiced eyes. He clearly pictures THIS author knows how to write for juniors. She begins with a "Secret" the attractions and the degradation, the medley of religions, the poverty, and uses the nursery folk for chapter topics. caste and unwholesome customs and the coming into the light through the The story of the "Good Samaritan" teachings of Christ and the enlight- as retold by a Pole is delightfully picened government of the British.' The turesque and forceful. The subject book relates particularly to Hindu matter is also good, and makes an un- . India and forms an excellent text usually attractive text book for the book on the subject. It is not made up home mission study this year. Wit!lOut of generalizations but of concrete realizing it, chi~dren will learn about facts, quotations from Hindu litera- working people and their problems; ture and incidents connec~ed with mis- about manufacturers, clothing makers, sionary experience. farmers, miners and others. A leader's manual and pictures accompanyJ ~~1C , book.

Missionary Education of Juniors. By J.

Gertrude Hutton. 12mo. 140 pages. 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1917.

SUNDAY-SCHOOL teachers whose Jack and Janet in the Philippines. By . aim is the development of Christian Norma Waterbury Thomas. Illus- trated. 12mo: 127 pp. Paper, 35 cents. character in the individual boyar girl will find Miss Hutton's concise and Boards, 50 cents. Postage, 7 cents. practical book a very real help and in- Central Committee on the United spiration. She has made .a human, Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1918.

Christ-like study of "Juniors," their MRS. THOMAS wrote her first needs, their instinctive desire for "Jack and Janet" book after her growth and the consequent necessity trip around the world. Now we wel- for various activities. She suggests come her sequel which appears after points of contact, such as: "He (the her first year of missionary life in the Junior) must be helped to see his de- Philippines. In story form we learn pendence upon the street cleaner and from Jack and Janet the main things of the laundress, the teacher and the interest about the Philippines-their preacher, the policeman and the day history, people, country, customs, re- laborer, the inventor and the postman. ligions and phases of the missionary He must realize that each is serving work. The photographic illustrations the good of all." From these practi- are unusually good and the story will cal suggestions for the. beginnings of intel'est any bright child.

of Education to A MAP OF THE CONTENTS FOR

::Ir'h~e EEffff~ecctt of the War In India • (IoHAWA.11 Makhail Mansur-A Converted Moslem Impressive The Need for .

Mothers of Men in ColombIa 975 AMAP OF "tHE CONTI!NIS OlR "1.1!W OF THE WUJU.,l) IN '1HlS N1MUBR u:A'DIHG AlmClZS .A)ilD EDttORJAlS ARE 1l'DlC.A.T.ED Dr Tl~S THE nMBEJt. OF NEWS ITEMS OX 'l!,",H COUJlTIft" JS IWMCAT.ED »'rAJVII.mc~u

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!5 Missionary Personals ~= :====_=_ in thReEVNeFwREHDebJ~idPeAsT,OsN~nrtheetimsoenagoof John G.' Paton and his successor in missionary work went to join the Australian forces as chaplain on the western front. ='

REV. J. Ross STEVENSON, D.D., President of Princeton Seminary, has gone to England, France and Italy, as a representative of the Religious Work Bureau of the Y. M. C. A., to study the problems of recruiting and training me~ for the work of the church at home and abroad in line with the Government's educatIOnal program.

DR. AND MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER of the Methodist Episcopal Mission of the Congo 5==- expect to arrive in the United States December 1st to take part in the Methodist Cen- tennary Cam,paign.

DR. G. SHERWOOD EDDY expects to visit India in 1919. His itinerary. it;cludes s~ve,?-l important missionary centers and it is his plan to fit in with the evangehstlc campatgn m ( which he will work, rather than to inaugurate a campaign of his own.

as BISHOP LUTHER B. WILSON of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who has been in j France for six months a religious work director of the Y. M. C. A., has returned to America.

REV. O. W. E. CooK of the Methodist Mission in Mexico City has been appointed temporary pastor of the Union Church, which is primarily intended to care for American residents in that city.

DR. JOHN W. WOOD, secretary of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, is visiting the mission stations in the Far East.

ROBERT C. MCQUILKIN, formerly managing editor of the Sunday School Times, has sailed with his wife and three children for Africa. They will be located at Kijabe, British East Africa, working under the Africa Inland Mission.

GENERAL EDMUND H. H. ALLENBy'sfather, Mr. Hynman· Al1enby, was an earnest student of prophecy, and the son makes no secret of his gratitude to God for using him in setting Iree the land of Christ's birth. Before he began his Palestine campaign he attended a special prayer meeting of Christians in Cairo.

REV. F. W. HECKELMAN, ·,Methodist Episcopal missionary in the Hokkaido; REV. CHARI.ES W. IGLEHART, stationed at Sendai, and PROF. H. A. WHEELER, teacher of English in the Aoyama Gakuin, Tokyo, have been called to service in Siberia.

-~ ~SHOP W. F. OLDHAM, after spending several months in the United States in the interests of the Methodist Centenary Campaign, has returned to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

DR. JOHN F. GoUCHER and DR. GEORGE HEBER JONES of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions have been appointed as representatives on the Cooperating Board for Christian Education in Chosen until 1920.

REV. FRANK HARMON of the Baptist Missionary Society has completed thirty-six years of service in and for China. He has witnessed many phases of evolution in that country along educational and political lines. '

MR. ISAAC NEWTON CAMP, who had spent several years in training to go itS an educational missionary to Turkey, but was prevented by the breaking out of the war, served as temporary military governor of Bethlehem, the first Christian ruler of Bethlehem since the Crusades.

T.HE MOST REVEREND, THE METROPOLITAN OF ATHENS, is in America to perfect the ==__ orgamzation of the Greek Church in this country, with the object of bringing the Greek and American Churches into closer relation.

MR. H. W. HICKS has accepted the position of secretary of the New York City Sunday-School Association, taking the place of Mr. Herbert L. Hill, who is becoming business manager of the Missionary Education Movement.

MR. PHILIP E. HOWARD, president of the Sunday School Times Company, has gone overseas as the guest of the British Government in order to see something of Great Britain's war work. .

MR. NOLAN R. BEST, ,editor of The Continent, has returned from France.

. ~..B. CARTER MILLIKIN, who has been serving with the American Red Cross Com- miSSion 1n Palestine, is in America, but expects to return to Palestine very soon with a new Red Cross unit.

WILLIAM DUNCAN: founder of the Metlakahtla Indian Mission in Alaska, died re- cently at the age of etghty-eight. He was born in Beverly, England.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1917

WALPI-THE OLDEST OF THE HOPI INDIAN

The top of this Mesa is about five hundred feet above the valley and is accessable only by a narrow trail. 'The village was built in 1680

MISSIONARY

EVIEWt£ ~ ~~- = = = ~-~-~——– VOL. JULY, 1917 NUMBER SEVEN XL WOMEN'S WORK IN WAR T HE brunt of the burdens and sorrows of war does not by any means fall entirely on men. Women are bearing a very large share in the bereavements, the manufacture of munitions, the work in hospitals and camps, the financial sacrifice, and in many other forms of service. The moral and physical dangers also threaten women almost as seriously as they threaten men in training camps and in the trenches. Here are some saddening "facts not yet cold," published in the Y. W. C. A. Bulletin for June 3rd. They show the urgent need for preventive and saving moral and spiritual work among women: "In a Texas town where United States troops have been quartered are to-day two hundred 'war brides' (led astray by the soldiers)."

"Forty girls from one New Jersey factory have been dismissed from their jobs because of their condition due to war times.

"From a single High School in N ew York State forty-eight girl students have had to be dropped from the rolls. Soldiers were quartered near."

To meet the need of combating this and other evils which spread rapidly in time of war the Young Women's Christian Association has formed a "War Work Council." The President is Mrs. James S. Cushman, of N ew York; First Vice-President, Mrs. John R. Matt; Second Vice-President, Mrs. John Meigs; Treasurer, Mrs. Henry P. Davison, and Secretary, Miss Martha McCook. The Council has adopted a budget of $r,ooo,ooo, most of which will be spent in America.

The work will be directly for women and only indirectly for soldiers. About one-third of the money will be used in the communities near big army camps to erect buildings for soldiers' wives and families. An endeavor will be made to conserve the normal life of girls in sections where the thirty-two training camps of the Army are to be established. Most of these are to be found south of the Mason and Dixon line, since climatic conditions favor year round training. The War Council will also care for girls through organized clubs and recreation in mobilization centers, near munition factories, in towns where men will be brought together for long or short periods before being sent to training camps.

A third proposition has been made to the Committee from the European nations affected by the war, asking that American trained secretaries be sent to England, Russia, France and other countries for a limited time to pass on to European women who stand almost helpless before the responsibility for their young women, American methoas of work. This will require the sending of a number of secretaries. Already in response to this call two secretaries sent to Russia have arrived in Petrograd and are organizing Russian women to care for their own countrywomen.

This is the first time that work for women in war has ever been taken up so seriously and systematically by Christian women. It should be heartily supported by all who desire to combat the tide of evil forces that threaten men and women and children when war disturbs normal conditions and lets loose thet passions of mankind.

In church work the women have long been an almost dominating force; in world-wide missions they have taken an increasingly large share; among students and employed women they are doing a remarkable work; now they are organized for stemming the tide of immorality in war time.

THE FIGHT AGAINST INTOXICANTS T HERE is strong hope that the war will bring national prohibition in America. This is urged on economic grounds for the conser- vation of grain and alcohol, for the sake of efficiency in the army and navy, and on general principles by those who believe in no compromise with evil. The liquor dealers who, three years ago, were warning the farmers that prohibition would mean a trade loss of 3,000,000 bushels of grain used in the manufacture of strong drink, are now opposing legislation against such waste by arguing that last year only onethird of a million bushels was so used. It is easy to juggle figures to uphold an argument, but it is also easy to see the steady trend toward nation-wide prohibition. Last year made marked progress in this direction.

The Anti-Saloon League expects the year "nineteen-seventeen to be ever memorable in prohibition annals. The Supreme Court decision, sustaining the Webb-Kenyon act, was a challenge to the nation to destroy the liquor traffic as a menace to the public welfare. Congress immediately responded by enacting prohibition laws for Porto Rico, Alaska, the District of Columbia, the anti-liquor advertising and so-called bone dry acts, additional prohibition legislation for the Indians, provided

OF THE

$ I 0,000 extra for the Anti-Alcohol Congress, and added other important legislation. The Churches gave united support to the prohibition leaders in Congress, and are now asked to secure the passage of a resolution to submit national prohibition and other prohibition legislation. There is great need also to protect native races in Africa and other mission fields, and to pass the bills for prohibition in Guam, Hawaii and the Philippines."

The passage of the Hill-Wheeler bill in N ew York State gives to the people of the cities, by petition of one-fourth of the voters in any city except New York, the right to vote on the licensing of the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Suppression of the liquor traffic among Indians has been one of the most noteworthy accomplishments of the Department of the Interior during the regime of the present Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Cato Sells. The Indian is an especially easy prey to the demoralizing effects of liquor, so that a campaign has been waged against everything producing an effect of intoxication, not only whiskey and beer but extracts, peyote, mescal and tulapai. The fines for violation of liquor laws have met the cost of enforcing these laws; among employees in the Indian service the drink habit is now considered cause for dismissal.

The whole Dominion of Canada has just been in the throes of a campaign for Dominion Prohibition. Almost all of the Dominion is now dry. The only exception is the province of Quebec, which is more than 80 per cent. dry, having 976 dry municipalities and 182 wet ones. The leading temperance body in Canada, Dominion Alliance, has a branch in every province. All over the Dominion meetings are being held and parliament is being stirred to action. The Government is being asked to make prohibition effective at least during the' war, with provision for a plebiscite after the close of hostilities. From each of the dry provinces reports come that the law is enforced with the usual benefits resulting.

South America has never been considered very fruitful soil for moral reforms but now Uruguay is joining in the fight against strong drink. Women are working hard to make the country dry. Realizing that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete success at once and that the movement requires a starting point, they are asking for a law closing saloons and wine shops on Sundays and holidays. An organization, called the Anti-Liquor Women's League, addressed the Uruguayan Congress, urging the adoption of such a measure. The document is unusually strong and shows how closely the Uruguayan women have followed the prohibition movement all over the world.

May it not be that from the crucible of war will come a larger realization of democracy, a new international spirit of brotherhood, a new consciousness of the sin of compromise with drink and immorality and a new standard for giving of men and money and service in worldwide missions?

MORALS AND RELIGION IN PANAMA T HE importance of Panama to the commercial world only empha- sizes its importance as a strategic religious center. Its small popu- lation is more than balanced by the fact that people from all parts of the world there are influenced in their religious and moral life. The West coast of South America and all Central America is being brought more and more into contact with the Isthmus. Practically all the soldiers of the United States Army sooner or later see service in Panama. Civilian employees of the Canal Zone come and go frequently. This makes the religious work difficult, but multiplies its importance. It impels the attention of the Christian world to the awful vice conditions existing on the Isthmus, and challenges the help of all.

The Rev. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America, has recently visited the Isthmus and has investigated the conditions existing among the Panamanians, North Americans, West Indians, United States soldiers, and club houses, in the cities of Panama and Colon. The Zone towns of Ancon and Cristobal are only across the street, and so many Americans visit them that their moral problems cannot be separated. The West Indian negroes live and work in both sections. The problem of the Spanish-speaking population of the RepuDlic can be seen from conditions in its capitol city. The Canal Zone itself is protected morally by strict laws, with military enforcement. The terrible dens of vice in Panama and Colon are, however, more largely patronized by Americans than by any others. Thus the whole moral problem is one, though with as many different approaches as there are people. Mr. Inman quotes the following letter as illustrating the way Ameri- can young men go down on the Zone: "You will be more pained than surprised to learn that I am at present in Sta. Tomas Hospital recovering from the effects of another awful debauch. It seems as though I cannot control myself and I have come to the conclusion that I am rapidly developing into one of the many derelicts that frequent the tropics. I am a hopeless failure, an undesirable, and have exhausted all my possibilities. I earnestly.beg of you to intercede in my behalf with Gov. Harding and secure transportation for me to N ew York. It will make little difference to me whether I have to work my way or not. The main point is that I want to get away from here before it's too late-be only too glad to get away on Wednesday, the 25th, steamer. I'm thoroughly sick of it all. I need different surroundings, a different atmosphere, and what is most important, the restraining influence of a loving mother. I know deep down in my heart that three months at home will see in me a changed and better man."

In spite of these conditions there is only one ordained missionary doing work in the language of the people in the whole Republic of

Panama-this is Mr. Portz of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Panama owes its very existence to the United States. And when one sees what has been done in the way of physical sanitation for that republic, he is delighted, but when he finds that practically nothing has been done for the spiritual welfare of the people, then he realizes the great neglect by American Christians.

Panama may become a moral menace to the world. The people need Christian education. A Union Christian College would help .to educate the people, not only in that republic, but would also reach the five republics of Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. In all of these eight republics there are only two mission schools that go beyond the 6th grade. Panama City also needs a Y. M. C. A. which could do for it many things that are furnished by various philanthropic and governmental agencies in North American cities, such as-libraries, playgrounds, popular lectures, night classes, etc., but which are entirely lacking in Panama.

We should help elevate Panama, morally and spiritually. The 8,000 soldiers who are now there will soon be augmented to 25,000. These soldiers are the largest patrons of the immoral district of Pan- ama. The United States Army even keeps a soldier guard in the dis- trict in order that drunken soldiers and the Panamanian police may not have trouble. The conditions are about the worst in any part of Latin America, but a strong, constructive Christian work would greatly change the moral atmosphere of the community and make better coilditions possible.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS IN CHINA T HE shadow of coming events in China is sometimes dark and ominous and again, gives promise of victory for Christian ideals. The political turmoil is due to the absence of a strong central government and the lack of experience in democratic methods. Eleven out of eighteen provinces are reported to have revolted against the Peking government. Some wish for war against Germany; others demand peace. The great need is for strong, wise leaders who can command public confidence. The greatness of China, however, makes unity very difficult. The report on June 15th was that General Chang Hsun is practical dictator of China, President Li Yuan-Hung being little more than a figurehead. There is a rumor that general Chang Hsun will attempt to restore the Manchu dynasty but there is little possibility of success in such a move as the Chinese have had a taste of power and independence.

The present need is for strong Christian leaders like C. T. Wang, formerly the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in China, and then president of the Senate and chairman of the Constitutional Committee. Mr. Arthur Rugh writes of a recent visit to Mr. Wang in Peking:

"Yesterday he was presiding over the joint session of the two houses of Parliament drafting the national Constitution, and today 'we sat wrestling with the problem of China's students. I asked his judgment on a certain man for the secretaryship. He said, 'He will be a hard man to get but we will pray for him.' I was glad that the drafting of China's Constitution is led by a man whose natural instinct when facing difficulties is to ask God what to do next."

Some of the future leaders of China are being trained in Tsing Hua, the American Indemnity College. The 550 students are a splendid body of men, selected by rigid examination without fear or favor, from all China. About fifty of them are Christians. Most of the other 500 are far from the Kingdom, but easily led.

The conflict as to the place that Confucianism shall have in the state is still unsettled. Rev. Paul Hutchinson, of Shanghai, commenting on the motion in the Chinese Senate to make Confucianism the state religion, which failed of passage, says: "With the exception of a few members of the literary dass, Confucianism has slight hold upon China. And the Senate, when it failed to adopt the proposed state Church, showed that the ancient philosophy is not to be degraded into a political instrument for the embarrassment of Christianity, which, in its many indirect influences, has done so much to produce the republic of China."

A CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES O NE has but to visit the Philippines to realize the progress made since they were released from the rule of the friars. The out- look for Protestant missions has become much more encouraging of late because of the attitude taken towards them by many of the most prominent men in the Islands. At the recent annual meeting of the Evangelical Union of the Philippines, Manuel Quezon, president of the senate, formerly resident commissioner in the United States, said: "We welcome your missionary enterprise most sincerely. We desire for it the largest possible development and expansion, believing it makes for a more virile race and for an advanced type among Filipinos, both intellectually and progressively."

Mr. Quezon's successor as commissioner to the United States, Teodoro Yangco, is known as the outstanding philanthropist among Filipinos, a man deeply interested in the Young Men's Christian Association and other activities for young men. "Mr. Quezon urged me to study the Bible," Mr. Yangco told the Union, "because Bible study is the underlying secret of American philanthropy. He declared that business men of America have been launched into all kinds of philanthropic effort in behalf of their fellow men because America is a land where the Bible is honored and read." This is the land where twenty years ago the Bible was an unknown book to the people and where there was no religious liberty.

COMMENT

QUESTIONS RAISED BY THE WAR T HE first impulse as one views the present world conditions, after nineteen centuries of Christian teaching, is one of exasperation. Why should men use all their God-given skill in concocting schemes to destroy their enemies? Why should the flower of the young manhood of Europe and America be sacrified by wholesale slaughter while women work and mourn and little children weep and starve? Why should a few leaders in a nation determine on a program that involves the multitudes in financial burdens and untold suffering? It seems that a more wise and unselfish program would mean peace and prosperity. Why appeal to brute force when this appeal can never by itself determine or establish righteousness? Have men learned nothing in· four thousand years as to a satisfactory way to settle disputes? One is almost tempted to wish for a modern Elijah to call on God's fire-bolts to destroy evil, as with the sons of Zebedee we ask: "Shall we call down fire from heaven and destroy those who follow not with us?"

But a second thought comes as one looks over the struggling world today. It is that of humiliation and shame. Have Christians so imperfectly shown the power of their Master's love and ideals that men have not recognized the "better way?" Those who bear the name of Christ now live in every land and include one-third of the human race. Have we been so weak and imperfect that we have not commended the love and secret of peace that the Son of God came to reveal and make possible? Has the Church really been a failure? Have Christians been unable to represent Christ? Have the missions and revivals which have been boasted features of the past century been less powerful than socialism and finance in affecting the world? Why have Christians been unable to exert a more constructive influence on national life ? Is it because we have not taken seriously enough our allegiance to Christ and His standards? There is reason for humiliation.

Following on this comes almost a feeling of hopelessness. Who or what is sufficient for the reformation of the world? The heathen nations laugh as they see the "Christian" continents filled with contending armies. The European nations have put an end to piracy and tribal wars in the South Sea Islands but are now engaged in tribal wars on a vastly larger scale. Germany has linked arms with the retrogressive Turks. Russia is a seething caldron. Britain and America are still cursed with strong drink that is destroying more men than shrapnel and bullets. Men wilfully oppose that which makes for their peace. When and what will be the end? Is a cataclysm to mark the twentieth century? Is this pessimism or is it facing the facts? Nowell-informed man can doubt the

truth contained in the charges against Christendom that give rise to the feelings of exasperation, of humiliation and of hopelessness. From a human standpoint the outlook is dark and the best of men can only set faces like a flint and contend for the right, hoping for final victory. But Christians have a brighter outlook, a better ground of hope. This world war is a test of faith and of character. God rules and is 'working out His purposes. These world conditions were foreseen and pro- vided for in His program. Men must learn their lessons from hard experience and be brought by suffering into harmony with the divine ideals and program.

So the growing feeling of Christians in view of the world war is a stimulated hope and renewed zeal. This is the storm before the clearing, the darkness before the dawn, the forerunner of the coming Kingdom. Nations must learn the hopelessness of Godless programs; men must recognize God and His laws. There is no hope in militarism or in pacifism, in autocracy or in democracy, in centralized power or in Socialism, in a league of nations or in individualism. Our hope is in God-in a theocracy. "Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord." It is worth while to live in a time when God's program is being worked out-but it is important to be for and not against Him.

There are signs that God's program is being worked out. Note the breaking down of those human forces and plans in which men have placed the most confidence-money and diplomacy, science and commerce, secular education and philosophies. In place of being servants these ha~e become masters; instead of being used as highways they have been sought as goals. But there are signs of better things in the new spheres of service and reform brought forward by the war; in the demand for the abolition of strong drink and other social evils. Selfishness is being revealed in its hideousness and sacrifice in its nobility.

Another stimulating thought suggested by the war is the reasonableness of God's requirements. The devotion that men have said was impracticable toward Christ and His Church are unquestionably expected from citizens in serving their country. To-day men forsake wife and family, surrender business and fortunes, devote talents and life itself to advance their country's cause. Men are expected to show their colors, to give prompt and unquestioning obedience, to go to the ends of the earth regardless of the hardships, privations and dangers due to disease or lurking foes. Where a thousand men and a million dollars were deemed exorbitant taxes on the resources of the Church in the cause of Christ, a million men and a billion dollars are voted without hesitation at the call of country. One result of this war must be that Christian men will never again be content with small things and half-hearted service in the cause of Christ. If a college can send nine-tenths of its students into training for the army and navy, is one-tenth too many to send into the ministry? If men will leave positions paying twenty-five hundred a

year for the salary of a soldier at one-tenth that amount, will they consider a man foolish or noble to make a similar sacrifice in the service of God and humanity? If Congress can raise two billions for war in one budget, will men be impoverished by giving a tenth of their incomes to Christian work? If parents will unhesitatingly give sons and daugh- ters at the call of patriotism, will they hesitate to do the same at the call of God?

It is a time to pray that in the stress and strain of war we may learn the lessons to be translated into life in times of peace. "He must reign until He hath put all enemies under His feet."

A TIME OF TESTING P ROSPERITY and adversity are both times in which the qualities of men and women are tested. The war is sifting out the weak from the strong, the selfish from the generous, the foolish from the wise, the traitors from the patriots, the devilish from the Christlike.

Men are still living in ease while their brothers and sisters in France, Belgium and Poland are homeless and starving. Thousands are spending time and money in thoughtless gaity while their fellow men in Syria, Armenia and Persia are hounded and harried like sheep at the mercy of savage wolves. Even generous-hearted Christian men and women are becoming absorbed in the question of autocracy 'Vs. democracy, of a battle of nations and the physical sufferings resulting from the war, while they forget, or do not see, that the only solution for political problems is submission to the authority of God and that greater and even more awful than physical sufferings are the results of spiritual famine and moral degradation.

This war is a testing time. It tests men's powers of 'Vision. Can we see only the suffering near at hand in the cities where we dwell, or have we a horizon as large as the abode of man and glasses that bring into view the famine-stricken hordes of Asia and Africa? Is our vision limited to physical need, or do we look with the discerning eyes of Christ? Can we see the famished and sin-scarred souls as well as the el11aciated and battered bodies?

The war is testing men's powers of hearing. Some are moved by the drumbeat and bugle call, but not by the cry of the children of France and Belgium_ Some hear the call for volunteers for military service on the battlefields of Europe, but have never heard the call for volunteers to serve the multitudes on the frontiers of civilization. Some have ears for the President's message but none for the Lord's commission.

The war is testing men's power to love. The love of self strives for mastery with the love of humanity; the love of personal security is set over against the love of country; the love of a popular cause is set

over against the love of Christ. This is a time to discover whether love is an empty boast or if it is a reality leading to the giving of self and of substance to the Cause. In the Christian life the call is not to "enlist or invest," but "enlist and invest." Love is proved by giving.

The war is a test of strength-physical and spiritual. How many brave young hearts have been rejected because of physical weakness; and how many fine young soldiers have fallen into vice that has de- stroyed their ability to serve their country and their God and has de- stroyed body and soul. Happy the JIlen who have found their strength in God and in obedience to His laws.

The war is a test of ideals. Not only are political ideals and mili- tary ideals being weighed in the balance in Russia and Germany, Greece and Turkey, China and America, but many are reshaping their ideals of church organization and interdenominational service. Is Christ really to be men's perfect pattern and are His principles to be accepted as best for mankind, or is either socialism or militarism to be the basis of human institutions? Where do you get your ideals, from the Creator or from the creature?

The war is testing remedies. Some look to internationalism for the cure for world-ills, and others to philosophy or materialism. Christians know that Christ offers the only cure for the disease that is destroyingthe world; He is the only power that can overcome the forces of evil; He is the only center that can unite all factions; He is the only commander who can lead on to permanent and blessed victory; He alone can inspire and empower men to live spotless and sacrificial lives.

If these things are true, what are His followers going to do in this time of crisis? Can we allow His work to suffer? Thousands of His ambassadors are at the frontiers of His Kingdom-shall they be deserted? Millions of dollars have been invested-shall the investment be lost because funds are not forthcoming to make use of the equipment? Doors are open, and men in China, India, Persia, Africa, and South America are eager to hear and to see what Christ can do for men in times of crisis. Shall His followers fail while patriots are giving their all ?

This is a testing time. The British are standing the test and are giving largely to maintain their missions. Shall American Christians fail? We believe that they will not, but will accept the great opportunity of today and meet great responsibility by great sacrifices. What was said of Christ is true of his followers: "He saved others-himself he cannot save."

The strength of the horne base of supplies has determined the succ~ss or failure of practically every great war in h<istory. In the conquest of this world for Jesus Christ the determining factor from the human side is the strength or weakness of the home base-the churches of Jesus Christ.

and Death in the Trenches*

BY THE REV. JOHN KELMAN, D.D., EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND Chaplain in the British Army and Pastor of St. George's United Free Church, Edinburgh I T has been my privilege to spend many of my days during the last months just behind the trenches in France either in the hospitals among the men who have been wounded on the firing line, or in the huts, dugouts, or trenches with the officers and men. Thus I have been able to share, as much as a man can who is not a combatant, the life of those who stand between us and destruction.

This has been the most wonderful experience of my life. Every vestige of artificiality is stripped off from men as they are drawn close to the tremendous realities which are the bed-rock of human life. I thank God for the experience, especially for the revelation of human nature, and how magnificently it can rise to desperate occasions.

The British front is now about one hundred and twenty miles long. When the war broke out we were utterly unprepared. We had neither men nor guns nor ammunition that could stand against the forces sent against us. In many places where guns were set we answered twentyfour hours of bombardment with only three shells, and we held the enemy's forces back from Calais to the sea with a single trench, without a reserve. We were hopelessly, most appallingly unprepared, but we did the best we could. It was that old fighting army, with the old bulldog grip, that held through those ghastly months till they' went down and under, that saved the situation.

Today all is different. Along the hundred and twenty mile front, the depth of this army is at least ten miles (and often more) back from the trench. Every field has a British camp on the right and another British camp on the left. As for guns, they are innumerable. It is said that artillery could stand along the hundred and twenty miles, wheel touching wheel along the whole stretch of it, and still leave plenty for the beginnings of a second line.

And yet all my time at the front I have only seen two guns, and they were visible only because I knew the gunners and was allowed to see them. They are concealed, in the most amazing manner by scene painters from theatres, and artists who paint canvases to .represent the grass and mud and trees. The guns of the enemy are trained along the whole line of Armentiere on certain gaps in the walls, so that workmen going to work, or soldiers passing, come into the direct line of fire. So these gaps are filled with canvases, painted so that there seems to be no breach at all, and men can pass without being seen.

* From an address delivered in New York City at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, May 11, 1917. .

The bombardment is continual. My ground was the salient of Ypres, now known universally to the British soldier as "Wipers." Not a single roof or /loor but is penetrated by shell down to twelve miles south of Armentieres, to Arras and Bethune. One day in Ypres, for some unknown reason, 1,300 shells were fired into the square. One knocked out seven or eight of the horses of the transport; after that the square was cleared and since then no British troops have been allowed to pass through. In the city behind the square, the Y. M. C. Alive, underground.

THE AIR-CRAFT SERVICE In the aircraft service there remains the last vestige of the ancient chivalry of war. Though the risks are perhaps less than in any other arm, yet they are horrible when you think of the height at which the battles are fought.

One day a plane of ours was up, when there swooped down from nowhere a Fokker of larger size, and poured a volley of shot into the petrol tank, setting it on fire. The flames reached up the hand and arm of the pilot and his observer took the fire extinguisher, crawled along one of the canvas wings, and, balancing himself two thousand feet above ground, played upon the flame and checked it. The pilot, in spite of his burned arm and hand, tilted and volplaned till he righted her, came down on the field, and the two men walked home together.

These things are happening every day. The ancient chivalry survives in the air service. If one of our famous air plane men is knocked out, the fleet of the German air planes comes over and drops a wreath upon his grave, and the next day our /leet goes back to the German lines with a letter of thanks.

The boys who go up in the air planes are splendid fellows, young, fresh, steady of nerve and absolutely fearless.

There are five and a half million of our boys now in the fight or preparing for it. We promised the French 120,000 and we have given them forty-seven times the number. All "the best and noblest lads t~at we have managed to rear this generation are there in the great melting pot of the war, and in the great crucible of the future many things are being transformed. Men meet as brothers, bound together not unly by a common service of the highest and noblest kind, knit together by a common sacrifice and suffering in which man is heart to heart with man. The manhood of Britain mingling there is learning loyalty. The exconvict is sharing the same bell-tent with the student of divinity; and it is a very good thing for the student of divinity, whatever it may be for the ex-convict.

A NEW HUMANITY The new circumstances in which we have placed ordinary men have induced an entirely new humanity. We all know what it feels like to

AND DEATH IN THE TRENClIES

be twenty-two. The boy has done with schooldays, and has suddenly assumed a man's responsibilities. Then all of a sudden this lad, with the burden of the world on his shoulders, finds himself transformed into No. 595,214. Yesterday he was the idol of his mother, his best girl thought he was everybody and his little brothers and sisters worshipped him. Today he is nobody at all, a unit in the machine of war. The government feeds him, clothes him, wakes him up in the morning and puts him to bed at night; tells him what he must eat and what he must not drink, what he must do and where he must be, and if it lets him loose for an hour or two the government watches carefully that he comes back on time. He counts for nothing at all but the sheer weight of his human worth, and he knows it. So the heart of your soldier is transformed by his enlistment into the heart of a little child. His sins are crude and primitive, and his virtues crude and primitive also, sins of passion, virtues of splendid impulse, with a great child for the man- agement of both.

N ever was anything more cruel in appearance, more amazing in result-the heart of a little child set down among the dreariness of the trenches. That is something to make your heart bleed. The musketry and the shrapnel, the wet mud in your eyes so that you can hardly see, mud in your mouth till you can't tell the difference between beef and mutton, mud in the soul of you till everything looks drab, and the whole world the color of khaki, mud in the heart of you till you grow stupid with it all, and all the brilliance of life fades away and leaves you benumbed-the dreariness of the trenches!

Then, added to this is the horror. I am not going to describe it, but I give you my word that the horror of a great war is beyond all imaginable things, and the worst thing you have heard of does not come within miles of the experience.

From the point of view of psychology, there is much that is of great interest at the front. When you have enlisted your soldier you have changed the psychology of the important lad into that of a little child, starved him with dreariness, and made an old man of him with loneliness till you dread to look into his eyes. Men long just to touch each other's sleeves, so that we have difficulty to make them march in open order.

Add to that the strange psychology of death. For most of us, death strides into common life spectral and full of the old evil mist of the macabre, with hideous suggestions of the mere physical side, with the tremors of the spectral associated with death, and with a great authority and power. Overawed by his terrific might, irresistible by poor mortals, we took death for a magnificent thing and thought him great. At the front we are never out of whistle of him. I have never spoken to a congregation of men who would be all alive in a fortnight, seldom to any group who would be all alive in three days. The graveyard was waiting for them. I have looked over the periscope of my

trench across a "no man's land" where 500 corpses in khaki had lain for five months. When death stares into your eyes then you know death and find out his sham. I have met many atheists back at the base, where the fellows relax and have a safe time. But it is curious how their boasted atheism recedes as you approach the firing line, and on the fire-step 1 have never yet seen it. There men understand that death is not a final thing, that it is merely an incidental thing, and behind that parapet of death there lies a "no man's land" in which they will find new service. Tommy, even when he i~ not religious, looking at the fact of death, finds faith in God and eternal life.

A friend of mine was killed. His sister in Edinburgh, a beautiful girl in body and mind, dreamed three days afterwards that she went to her brother, and found him in a big mess room with his companions. She said, "I thought you were dead 1" at that he flung back his head and replied, "Dead, no, we are only waiting for new uniforms, we are going to parade before the King." That, rightly understood, is the gospel of Christ in a sentence concerning immortality: "new uniforms to go before the King." Death has overshot itself, and familiarity has ended men's fear of it. Beyond their fatalism is a splendid character growing in the trenches. The courage of the men is beyond all speech. I think everybody that goes up there is afraid, but not of the thing he is expecting to fear. "When I first went up 1 was afraid 1 would funk it," some of them have said. It is the fear of fear. L have never found a man who was really afraid when it came to the point. Remember, they are not trained military men, brought up to work with gun and bayonet, but they are bankers, clerks, men of sedentary occupations, barbers, hair-dressers, masons, carpenters, salesmen in drapers' shops, suddenly placed in these new extraordinary conditions.

One night the men were told that they were to go over the parapet at three next morning. That is a terribly chilly hour to look forward to and few men slept that night. One poor boy when the hour came had collapsed. The rounding up officer after the charge was given, found the lad lying in the bottom of the trench, with his back pressed into the clay. There was no escape for the boy if found there j to be reported meant execution. So, being a great-hearted man, he picked the lad up, lifted him over the parapet and set him down in "no man's land." Three days later they heard bombs, and looking through the periscope saw that child, out with his pockets bulging with hand bombs, in a shell hole, bombing the front trench on his own account.

AN EXTRAORDINARY SITUATION I spent the last hours of the last year in an extraordinary situation. The general had given permission to hold a watchnight service with his troops in a little hut in the midst of dug-outs (small houses of iron, covered with concrete and then with sandbags), well within gun-

AND DEATH IN THE TRENCHES

shot of the enemy. It was a tragic place to cross because it was ,;the place where the Canadians met the first gas and left 7,000 on the field. The enemy have great microphones that hear great distances, so we went very gingerly, but about 120 fellows gathered there. With their rubber coats and steel helmets, and gas masks hanging in front, they wer,e packed like sardines, as I spoke to them of the love stronger than death. Before I finished the German guns were searching the wood and at last they came so near that it was unsafe to go on. After the bursting of one shell had knocked a bit out of the sentry box, we stopped the service. I stood at the door and shook hands and wished each one a Happy New Year. Never an eye quivered and never a hand shook of the whole of them as they went out into that death-searched wood.

I invited one magnificent-looking man, a boy of twenty-three, great broad shoulders, clear blue eye and rosy cheek to come to my dugout and talk with me. He sat on one bed and I on another, shells coming both ways, and through the night we talked. He had three bars across his chest, but nothing would induce him to tell about them. "I got them for running away," or "I got them because another fellow did something and they thoughtj it was me"-and that was all I could get for a time. At last he told me. The curtain of fire means that every gun within range concentrates on a section of trench, say half a mile long, fifty yards deep, and pours in every ounce of shell it can. On many days it sends five hundred thousand in these barrages. When the whole thing goes to pieces they lift the barrage, and put it forward fifty yards beyond where the barrage was last. In one of these attacks there was a German gun sidewise enfilading and doing havoc, and my man made up his mind that it must be silenced. He fixed his bayonet, went forward to the barrage, sprang into it, forced himself across the fifty yards of fire, fell his length twice and picked himself up, got to the other side and saw the gun emplacement, sprang into the gunpit, fought the gunner and killed him, spiked the gun, sprang out of the gun emplacement, ran back through the barrage under fire of the German machine guns, and came back to his own men, having rescued the lives of all that that gun endangered.

These things are being done, not by professional soldiers, but by everybody, and they are bringing out that magnificent courage which one did not believe existed in any land today. These are some of the fine things that war has done, amid its frightful record of evil things, and for these we are reverently grateful to our God.

THE VICES OF THE SOLDIERS These men have their vices. They are very profane. The tension of war, the strain of three years of it, needs a vent and finds a foolish one.

Then, drink tempts them, but drink is banished for miles back from

the front; other temptations assail them as they assail all masses of single men, and we hear foolish things said that are grossly untrue.

Venereal disease records are that in the home camps the average is less than in peace time, and at the front where I have seen something of these hospitals there were only 4,000 cases. When one remembers that the soldiers in France are well on to three million in number, these things are worthy of note. .

The thing that every mother feels most when her son goes into the war is that her child whose pure eyes have looked into hers unafraid, is going out into horrible experiences which will harden and brutalize him. But the effect of the horrible experiences of war on manhood depends entirely on the motive. If life is taken for a selfish end; if for evil designs these men had lost their consciences and incurred a stain of that sort then the stain would have been lifelong and their lives marred to the very end of time. But they have heard the' call of their country, the call of their homes, the call of their God in a righteous cause, and they obey this call. There is a great moral resilience when the motive is pure, and when men are doing these things for high ends they spring back from the evil things of the war and it all falls from them like a blood-stained cloak.

RELIGION AT THE FRONT The curious thing about the religion of the front is that it is mystical and visionary. A "revival" of religion at the front does riot mean what it meant when Mr. Moody went through the cities. It is not an increase of the knowledge of details of the Christian faith which will bring accession to the churches and Sunday-schools. These are mostly non-churchgoing men, not interested in the things of religion that interested us. But many a man at the front has learned for the first time what we mean when we preach. In the tense strain on his nerves he begins to see strange visions. I have met twenty or thirty cases such as the strange White Christ that goes through the ranks. One boy told me that when he was ordered over the parapet, Christ appeared to him and told him to keep smiling, and said, "As long as you keep smiling you are safe," and he went into three hours' bayonetting with a smile that must have been a more terrific thing than even his bayonet. He was never touched, and he believes to this day with absolute simplicity of faith that Christ kept His word.

Strange things are happening continuously. Make what you will of them. Many of these fellows have come, not by theology but by experience, into the vivid consciousness of Christ. They have seen the great tender hands of the Good Shepherd searching the wilderness for His sheep lost and far off, and I am sure he is finding them there.

What was Jesus Christ to them before-to most of them? A mighty ecclesiastic quite out of their line. To others, a figure two thou-

sand years, more or less, away and belonging to a special class. Now they are going through, so far as we can, suffering such as Christ did for the sins of men. In their experience of sacrifice today comes the great Christ of the Cross, and these men who once lived in self-indulgence realize suddenly that Christ is their brother.

What they will do with this experience, with this realization afterwards, depends on our wisdom in the Church. God knows whether we shall be able sufficiently to understand, to follow, and to rise to the tremendous occasion.

The patriotism that is going into this war has become more than a political thing. We have discovered that the heart of the Union Jack is a blood-red cross of sacrifice. All high ideals are founded on sacrifice; all gladness that is to be real joy knows the feeling of pain and of relief from pain. In love and in patriotism, if they are worthy and noble, there is the blood-red cross of sacrifice.

The nations have sacrificed much and have given of their dearest, and on that blood-red field the foundations of the new world of freedom are being laid.

2.000.000 DIED H,oOO,OOO DIED LAST YEAR IN HEATHEN LANDS LAST YEAR WITHOUT CHRIST IN BATTLE WE ARE RIGHTLY CONCERNED WHAT ABOUT THIS?

OVER THIS Fr()m t he Foreign Christian 11 issionary Socifty.

LIFE OR DEATH FOR TIME OR FOR ETERNITY JESUS SAID: I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE; HE THAT BELIEVETH IN ME, THOUGH HE WERE DEAD YET SHALL HE LIVE; AND WHOSOEVER LIVE AND BELIEVETH IN ME SHALL NEVER DIE. John 11 :25, 26.

OF THE NATIONAL WAR WORK

NEW Y. M. C. A . "HUT " AT PLATTSBURGH, N. Y

A Four Million Dollar Task Christian Work for the American Fighting Forces The greatest task that has e~)er been seriously undertaken by the A meriwn people is not the raising of an army or supplying them with lIlunitions and equipment, but it is the effort to overcome th e moral evils that accompany war. This article gives some idea of the task and how it will be undertaken.-EDITOR.

M EN enlisted in the fighting forces of the American army are away from home. They are exposed to new and subtle tempta- tions, and are without that moral steadying which comes through the atmosphere of home and church and through the accepted moral standards of social groups to which they have belonged. Forces of evil have long regarded men in uniform as fair prey, and deliberately lie in wait to entrap them. As a result, all too often "ruined manhood is the highest cost of war." It is to this problem in the large-the conservation of the moral forces of the hundreds of thousands of young men who are about to leave our homes and schools and churches, our shops, factories and offices to enter the camps and thence to go perchance to war-torn Europe-that the Young Men's Christian Associations are addressing themselves.

A million and more men are shortly to be under arms and in the training camps of the United States. The whole membership of the Association brotherhood in America has approximated only three-quarters of a million, and now almost over night the organization is called upon to minister to the multifarious needs of a far greater number of men and to render this ministry in centers where the Association equipment has for the most part hitherto been non-existent.

The task, while enormously great, is not a new one. The Associa~ tions co-operated in the work of the Christian Commission during the Civil War. During the years between 1865 and 1898 methods of Association work for regular army men and for militia men were weli tried

out in the United States and in Canada. During the Spanish-American War another large chapter was written in Association experience of this particular kind in the great camps in the South, in Cuba, Porto Rico and even in the Philippines. Thereafter Association work in the army and navy was put on a permanent basis and has been carried on ever since.

During the Russian-Japanese War and the South African War further significant endeavors were put forth far afield-through foreign secre- taries in Manchuria and through secretaries who went with the Canadian Contingent to South Africa.

With the outbreak of the European War, large plans were made by the Canadian Associations for work among their over-seas forces; the foreign secretaries in India made provision for following the Indian troops to Europe; new life came to the Associations in England through the challenge to a vast new service, while the misunderstandings with Mexico and the sending of large numbers of American troops to the Border brought the Associations of the United States into action for an effective enterprise. .

International and even world-wide in its outreach though the Asso- ciation movement has been, never before has it been called to such heroic and daring service as is now being rendered in Europe. In the 1,600 "huts" in the military camps of England, France, Egypt and else- where and in dugouts in the forward trenches along the fighting line, the Association is serving, while it is meliorating conditions in prison camps in every land where prisoners of war are now massed. No wonder the Rt. Honorable Mr. Asquith declares the Association to be "the finest thing in Europe."

THE WAR WORK COUNCIL In order to meet the vast new demands growing out of the entry of the United States into the war and the calling of great numbers of youth to arms, the International Committee, the State Committees and the local Associations have mobilized their forces, are co-operating and have unified their approach to the problem by the appointment of a National War Work Council under the chairmanship of Mr. William Sloane and with Dr. John R. Mott as General Secretary. During Dr. Matt's absence in Russia, as a member of President Wilson's special commission to that new Republic, Mr.- Fletcher S. Brockman, formerly national secretary of China and now Associate General Secretary of the International Committee, is acting for him. The National War Council consists of laymen, but it has a co-operating committee on religious work which is composed of leading evangelical clergymen. The Council has organized by arranging for Bureaus of Personnel, Materiel, Finance, Publicity, Physical Work, Educational Work, and Religious Work, and with departments corresponding to the six areas into which continental United States is divided in the administration of the United States War

A FOUR-MILLION DOLLAR TASK

Department, and also departments for the navy, for transport forces and for expeditionary forces.

The Co-operating Committee on religious work, of which Bishop Luther B. Wilson is chairman, * is to advise with the National War Work Council on the promotion of all its religious activities in the camps, on the selection, production and circulation of Christian literature, on the relation between the chaplains and the Association secretaries, on the choice of religious work secretaries, on the enlistment of clergymen and other religious speakers to visit training camps for addresses and personal religious interviews, and in general on all matters involving the correlation of its work with that of the churches.

The Religious Work Bureau of the Council is under the directorship of Rev. Robert P. Wilder, son of the founder of this REVIEW, while the Council's Committee on Religious Work Bureau consists of Mr. Ralph W. Harbison of Pittsburgh; Mr. James H. Post of Brooklyn and Mr. James M. Speers of Montclair, N. J. Dr. Robert E.

Speer is chairman of the Bureau's Committee on Christian Literature, Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of Rochester Theological Seminary, is Chairman of the Committee on Selection of Religious Work Secre- taries for the Camps, and Dr. J. Ross Stevenson of Princeton Theo- logical Seminary is chairman of the Committee on Selection of Speakers. The raising of the $3,000,000 first thought necessary for the pres- ent year was apportioned to the various states according to their probable ability, and this distributive load was largely accepted by the groups of Associations of the various states, certain states raising even more than their assigned sums. Already the three million dollars have been subscribed, while enlarging expenditures due to increased cost of materials and unexpectedly early calls for starting work in England and France for American troops has made necessary the raising of an additional million dollars for 19 I 7.

The secretaries for service in the training camps are being chosen from among the present employed officers of the North American Associations, ministers, professional and business men, upper class students of colleges, theological and other professional schools, who qualify on high physical, educational and social standards, who show leadership for work of this kind and have the sacrificial purpose. Men like the Rev. Dr. Charles W. Gilkey of Chicago, Professor Henry Wright, of Yale, and Professor O. E. Brown, of Vanderbilt University, are appointed as Religious Work Directors for the buildings at the various officers' training camps.

* Members are: Dr. Peter Ainslee, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, Rochester, N. Y.; Dean C. R. Brown, New Haven, Conn.; Bishop Charles S. Burch, New York City; Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Bishop Earl Cranston, Washington, D. C.; Bishop Eugene R. Hendrix, Kansas City; Bishop William Lawrence, Boston, Mass.; Pres. W. D.

Mackenzie, Hartford, Conn.; Dr. William H. Roberts, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. Robert E.

Speer, New York City; Pres. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.; Dr. J. Timothy Stone, Chicago, III.; Dr. George W. Truett, Dallas, Tex.; Dr. James I. Vance, Nashville, Tenn.

MASSED MILITARY BANDS PRACTISING IN A ARMY Y. M. C. A. "HUT"

This work for men under arms has been fully authorized in an Executive Order signed by President Wilson, April 27th, in which he says: "The Young Men's Christian Association has, in the present emergency, as under similar circumstances in the past, tendered its services for the benefit of enlisted men in both arms of the service. This organization is prepared by experience, approved methods and assured resources, to serve especially the troops in camp and field. It seems best for the interest of the Service that it shall continue as a voluntary civilian organization; however, the results obtained are so beneficial and bear such a direct relation to efficiency, inasmuch as the Association provision contributes to the happiness, content, and morale of the personnel, that in order to unify the civilian betterment activities in the Army, and further the work of the organization that has demonstrated its ability to render a service desired by both officers and men, official recognition is hereby given the Young Men's Christian Association as a valuable adjunct and asset to the Service. Officers are enjoined to render the fullest practicable assistance and co-operation in the maintenance and extension of the Association, both at permanent posts and stations and in camp and field."

At least two hundred buildings will be required, each to serve a brigade and to have a staff of five secretaries. These buildings will provide large meeting rooms for religious services and for entertainments and concerts, correspondence facilities, rooms for Bible anG other educational classes, also games, pianos and phonographs.

As an evidence of what will be involved simply in supplying correspondence paper, it may be said that in a single Association building in England, soldiers have written 3,000 letters in a single twenty-four hours. It is costing the Canadian Association this year $60,000 to supply correspondence paper for their "huts" with their forces overseas. Yet, as one Canadian secretary says: "I challenge anyone to set a money value on what these millions of letters home have meant and will yet mean to the life of Canada."

A FOUR-MTLLTON DOLLAR

DR. F:XNER ADDRESSING UNITED STATE S TROOPS IN A Y. M. C. A. "HUT"

A hymn book is now in preparation for American men under arms, and will include not only the hymns long tested and widely accepted as Christian classics, but also certain of the newer songs of the type used by Mr. Alexander and Mr. Rodeheaver in great evangelistic campaigns. The books will also contain patriotic and fireside songs, and an effort will be made at every camp to have someone responsible for leading in a good night song before the men leave the Association building for their quarters.

Dr. Mott said shortly before leaving for ,R,ussia: "We assume that it is not necessary to emphasize that this whole undertaking should be a pronouncedly Christian and spiritual undertaking, because were it otherwise it would be without interest and appeal to all true Association leaders. Let us humbly, yet earnestly, desire and resolve to render a finer and more unselfish service to Christ and the Churches than ever before through bringing all our energies and means to bear in a prompt, efficient and truly worthy way upon the lives of the one million and more men who are gathering under the colors."

SOME RESULTS The experiences on the :Mexican Border and in Europe have proved the need and the efficiency of this work for the soldiers. The following letters speak more effectually than hours of theoretical argument. The following comes from a secreta ry on the Mexican Border: You ask what men want when living under conditions such as are encountered here. First, of course, they need the creature comforts. When our NO.4-Stewart Building was burning one of the men who had

made large use of the building was heard to remark: "There goes the only place of comfort in the whole camp." Another said: "It was the nearest thing to home we had." Tears were to be seen in the eyes of many when they realized that" the best substitute for home they had was a thing of the past.

The millions of letters written from our buildings indicate how much the men feel the need of the privilege of correspondence tables and supplies. When the day's work is over and time hangs heavily, our moving picture and amateur vaudeville entertainments have filled the need for as many men each night as could possibly crowd into our 4ox80 buildings. The yearnings to be seen on the faces of the hun- dreds of young fellows who crowd to our counters each day to just talk .things over with the secretaries show the great need for fellowship and friendship. Perhaps the greatest need of all has been shown to be the strictly religious one as the men have seemed to realize that here was the one thing that would furnish them help to withstand the evil in- fluences felt on every hand. The first man of Pershing's expedition who came into Building NO.3, Camp Stewart, said: "My name is Quigsbey. I have just returned with the Punitive. Do you have any Bible classes or any other religious services here? I'm very anxious to get into something of that sort again after so many months across the Border. It seems mighty good to be back where we can have these opportunities again."

Any man in Christian work knows how difficult it is to reach the average man religiously in his home environment. Even with the best of speakers and the most complete organizations, but very small percentages usually make definite Christian decisions. Order these same men in large groups to the Border for Army service and we find an entirely changed set of conditions to meet. All the blocks and anchors that hold men at home are gone. The down-pull of vice and temptation is greater than ever and so much more difficult to cope with because of the absence of the usual restraining influences. Under such conditions all kinds of vice show their faces in more gaudy colors and in ways intended to be more attractive to the average man.

You know how keenly we have always felt that a definite organization is necessary for a religious meeting under ordinary conditions. Personal workers are scattered through the audience and every mechanical means we have been -able to devis!;! has been put in practice. Here on the Border the possibilities and requirements have been entirely different. We have not had the personal workers to use in the first place, and had they been here they could not have found their way among the men because of the crowds at our meetings. Many times the speaker has had hard work to find foot space on the platform for his own ust:. But notice the difference. Back home if we secure a few decisions with all our machinery we feel that a great thing has been accomplished. Here after the singing of two or three hymns, or perhaps the playing of

A FOUR-MILLION DOLLAR TASK 50S

some selections by one of the bands, the speaker delivers his message and gives the invitation. The signature cards are passed to the men in the front rows, who in turn pass them to the men further back. There is a time of much confusion and crowding while the signatures are being made. Pencils are furnished to some, while others are able to reach the pens on the writing tables along the sides of the building. Instead of getting back of something or hiding around the corner as though the act was something to be ashamed of, the remark has been frequently heard: "Turn around Bill and let me use your back," and men are seen AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE Y. M. C. A. AT AN ARMY BASE HOSPITAL all through the audience signing their cards on the backs of their seat mates. After the cards are signed they are handed back by the men themselves to the speaker. A prayer is offered and the meeting dismissed, and then for the next ten or fifteen minutes the speaker is thronged with men anxious to shake his hand and to thank him for the helpful message he has just given them.

We have attempted an elaborate follow-up work in connection with the men who have signed cards at these meetings. Our secretaries have found almost invariably that as they go to a squad tent to find one of the men whose name they have, the fellow immediately comes to the question at hand and is open and ready for a frank discussion of his own personal problems.

Thousands of Testaments have been distributed, and whoever

heard of men lining up as they have here in front of the Association counter and asking for copies of the Word of God!

We have tried to analyze this great difference in attitude and believe the fact that men are living in the mass rather than as individuals has something to do with it. The Association helped large numbers of fine young fellows to lead clean lives while on the Border, even though they have not been definitely reached religiously. This preventative work constitutes perhaps the Association's greatest service, although much less spectacular than certain definite features.

Here is one out of many incidents: Private D–, of E. Boston, was on the Border in October, 1916, with the 9th Massachusetts Infantry. He frequently called at our Army Y. M. C. A. shack in camp as there was no other place to go. We held a brief religious meeting in the building every night at 6.30. It was on October 26, 19 I 6, in one of these meetings that a great flood of self condemnation came over him for long ignoring the love of a devoted mother. He told me that for four years he had lived within ten minutes of his mother, but during that time had never let her once see his face. After the meeting this night he was invited to my office in the end of the building and there he told me his story, which was one of neglected opportunities, gambling, drinking and loose living. I soon saw that an awful burden was crushing him because he had so terribly wronged his pure mother by the manner of his living. In a brief time I was able to show him that One higher than his mother was the one he had abused and sinned against. He was easily brought to see that it was not his earthly mother, but his Heavenly Father against whom he had really transgressed. We at last went to our knees by the old rough table in the room and he tried to pray. The effect of his anguish and distress was shown in the tears that fell and he was trembling from head to foot. When we arose I looked squarely into his splendid face and plainly saw that which delighted my heart. He went to his tent but again had a struggle with himself when he thought of the opposition before him with his associates in camp. The next day was all hustle and excitement as the troops were leaving for home that night, but he came around to the building the second time before he found me at three in the afternoon and with delight said: "It's absolutely all right with me! The boys have our car all tanked up with booze but I told them frankly 'nothing doing' with me. I also told them of my resolutions of last night. Have written Mother telling her that we reach Boston on Sunday and I want her to be ready to go to church with me. It will be the best day of her life!" He wanted introductions to Association men which I took to his train later, together with reading matter and some games. As his train pulled past Camp, I said: "My investment in Army Y. M. C. A. work sure pays big dividends."

P hoto by Curl1ey

LOLA KANTI- A HARV EST WOMEN'S DANCE Th is "Daske t Dance" is a kind of th anksgiving fes t ival at whi ch t rays of f ood a re given a way. T he hai r do n e up in " squash blossoms" sliow~ th e central gi rls· to be of marriagea ble age The Hopi Indians and their Religion BY THE REV. LEE I. THAYER, KEAMS CANON, ARIZO NA Missionary of the Am er ic an Baptist Home Mission Society C ORONADO was the first of the Conquistadores to visit the Hopi villages. Some 2,500 Indi ans occupying ten villages now live much as they did when Coronado first saw them in 1540. They are officially known as the "Moqui," i. e., "Dead," because they do not love to fight, but they call themselves the "Hopi," i. e., the "Good," or "Peaceful." Th ey are the "passive r esisters" among the Indians. This year the government put into operation at Hotaville the last of the day schools, providing school opportunities for every Hopi child, but the pupils had to be brought in by force . Even the U. S. Census of 1910 did not include this village. They oppose every effort tending to undermine their religion, as they believe their rain-making ceremonies alone stand between themselves and starvation.

These Indians are sometimes called "Natural Christians" from the fact that they are kind and hospitable and "not soon angry." One who knew them but superficially would think them truly "without guile." Anger is considered a sin and murder is unknown. They would rather tell a lie than to hurt one's feelings by telling the truth.

They are quite industrious and frugal. When not engaged in some

Photo b)' Curney THE INTERIOR HOPI INDIAN HOUSE The corn is piled up like wood. These Indians try to keep on hand a two-years' supply to provide against drouth religious ceremony, the men are busy with flocks or fields or some productive work at home. In spare hours the women are busy with basket-making or pottery, while the men occupy themselves with carding and spinning wool, weaving blankets, making moccasins, or sewing, for the men keep up the family wardrobe. Maize furnishes 80 per cent. of their diet and is served in at least 20 different styles. They live in an arid region at an altitude of 6,000 ft. so that they have little water for irrigating, but by dry farming they make a crop of corn, beans, melons, squashes and peaches. When sugar is scarce, or for ceremonial purposes, the meal may be sweetened by chewing in the mouth, thus converting the starch into sugar. They are entirely self-supporting and receive little from the government beside protection, education, medicine and advice-the latter sometimes at the point of the bayonet.

The Hopi Indians are very religious. In the eight months, July to March, they have not less than six ceremonies of sixteen days duration each, accompanied by expensive feasts. They spend over half their time in the ceremonies. Not less than 200 spirits called "Kachinas" have been identified in addition to a long list of major deities. In connection with almost everything they do, whether work or play, there is something of religious significance.

They have great physical endurance as shown in the foot races. The runners frequently follow a course in which they wish the water

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR

SALAKO-MOTHER OF THE SNAKE CLAN She was formerly high priestess of the Women's ceremony, but when she was baptized as a Christian at eighty years of age, she said: "I am through with the old way, I have found peace at last and will keep it."

to run, and thus make the race a prayer for water. Saul Halyve is a Christian Marathon runner. His record for IO miles is 59 minutes; for 263i miles, 3 hours, I minute and 10 seconds.

Among the interesting customs, those of house building are noteworthy. When a kiva, or underground room which serves as temple, council-room, loafing place, and workshop, is to be built, the excavation is made and materials gathered. The chief of that particular kiva, with ptayer meal, outlines the foundation on the ground, chanting the House Song, or prayer to the sun, "Si-ai, a-hai, a-hai, si-ai, a-hai." At leach corner he places a stone, and on the stone a pahu, or prayer stick the

size of a pencil with feathers attached, an embodied prayer for secure walls, addressed to the spirits of the four world-quarters. The stone and pahu are then sprinkled with sacred meal. The stone wall erected and the roof of heavy beams covered with brush and mud in place, additional pahus are placed in the rafters, a prayer that the roof may never fall nor sickness enter.

The Hopi marriage is unique. In order to insure her entrance into the future world at death a girl must have the white wedding robe which is also used as a burial robe. Being buried with this robe, at death, she goes to the end of the trail on a high cliff, spreads the robe under her feet like a cloud and on it descends into the abode of departed spirits. She therefore marries early, and herself proposes to the groom by taking a dish of meal to his home. If his mother or other person receives the meal she is accepted and begins preparation for the wedding feast by grinding large quantities of meal, while the groom weaves the wedding robe. The marriage is completed at the feast by the bride and groom eating from a common dish and having the head washed ceremonially. The husband comes to live at the wife's house, which belongs to her. Perhaps she built it, or at least plastered and whitewashed it. She owns the children and descent is in her line. When displeased she can put his saddle outside the door and he knows he is divorced.

THE HOPI RELIGION – Among Hopi beliefs there are traditions of Creation, Dispersion and Deluge. The original home of mankind was in the center of the earth, a place dark and damp. The people had disfigured bodies and suffered great pain. The gods of germs and water gave them a magic seed which they planted. From it grew a cane up through a cleft in the rock overhead. Up this they climbed into a second world where there was more light and vegetation appeared. They planted the seed again and on the growing cane they ascended to a third world where they found vegetable and animal life. Thence they climbed by the sal)1e means or on a high pine tree through a hole in the Grand Canon to this present world.

Arrived in this world, all the families of mankind were together and learned how to hunt, farm, and build houses. They receive1 gifts from the germ god and water snake and were sent out in different directions.

The Water clan claim to have lived in the distant South originally. There was an old man among them who was very bad. He would spit in the faces of those he met and heap other indignities on them. The Water Snake god was so angry that he turned the world upside down and the water covered everything except a narrow neck of land. He told all to cross on this. When the bad tried to do so they slipped into the water, and only the good reached dry land.

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR RELIGION 5lt

The Hopi religion is a mixture of the worship of ancestors and of the powers of nature. The objects of worship include the sun, which they call "our father, sun," to which they dedicate their children, offer verbal prayers, and make offerings of prayer meal. One sun ceremony consists in turning the sun back at the summer and winter solstice.

They pray to the earth, represented by the spider, as the mother of all. By means of the ancient fire drill they make "new fire" as a symbolic prayer for the renewal of nature.

Having descended from an ancestor that gave birth to snakes, they have the snakes for brothers. In the Snake Dance the priests carry live rattlesnakes in their mouths. The snakes are released and bear to A SACRED SKAKE DANCE OF THE HOPI INDIANS A sixteen-day rain making ceremony occurs ahout August 20th. The ceremony in which Rattle Snakes are carried in the mouth and lasts about half an hour the common mother, the underworld goddess of germination, and to the great water snake, the prayer of the Hopis for corn and rain.

Lesser deities are objects of worship as "Kachinas," or beast gods, which are impersonated in the Kachina dances. By means of a mask representing some animal in many cases, the dancer is transformed into a supernatural being and receives prayer and offerings as such. By means of a death mask, certain persons are changed into Kachinas, who intercede for rain. Thus the Hopis pray to their dead ancestors, both human and beast.

Another deity is Masau, a terrible monster with power of life and death, best represented by our idea of Satan. The deities of the four world quarters are also invoked for aid. In addition, idols, fetishes, prayer-sticks, and sand paintings are employed.

A GOVERNMENT BOARDING SCHOOL AT KEAMS CANON, ARIZONA This school is for Hopi youths. In addition there are five government day schools that bring secular education within the reach of all Hopi children They believe that on the third day after death, the soul comes out of the grave on the planting stick which is stuck in the grave, and eat3 the food which it finds ready for it, then goes to the interior of the earth. Walking along a narrow trail, it meets the Judge. If it has been the soul of a bad man it is sent into the fire. If of a good man, it is sent on to the place of happiness. By a good man they mean one who has faithfully kept the ceremonies. By a bad one they mean one who has been unfaithful to the ceremonies. Conduct and character are not considered.

MISSIONS AMONG THE HOPIS Present mission work among the Hopis dates back 25 years, and is now carried on in six stations by six Baptist and seven Mennonite missionaries, with 82 converts enrolled. Though the Franciscan Fathers introduced horses, burros, sheep, melons, and peaches, on account of enforced labor in building the missions and the gross immorality of the priests the Hopis have a bitter memory of that mission period, which ended in 1680 with the killing of all the priests. They were suspicious of the modern missionaries till they learned that they were not "Castiles. "

The Hopis had a tradition that there would come from the sunrising white people with a book religion. When the teachers came their message was to be accepted as the true teaching. On this account the Hopis soon showed much interest in the Gospel, crowded into the services, took part in the meetings, and were apparently about to accept Christianity en masse. Their own religion is made up of successive

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR

additions and they were ready to welcome God and Jesus to a place beside their own deities. When the missionaries preached that God is a jealous God and that they must leave their old ceremonies, they decided that these were not what the people foretold in their prophecy and many went back, leaving a mere handful of those who were ready to suffer for the new faith. Through continued and bitter persecution they have been coming singly and by families, leaving the old life and the old homes in the villages and building up Christian' villages around the missions. Persecution is in the form of ostracism, personal abuse, disinheritance, bodily injury, destruction of property, petty annoyances, and threats, sufficient to test everyone and deter all who are not sincere. By Sunday services, street meetings, house to house visitation and personal work, the Gospel has been brought to every Hopi Indian. Many do not understand the message simply because they refuse to listen.

The language has been reduced to writing, and scripture portions have been translated and published. A goodly collection of hymns have been composed by the Hopis or translated by the missionaries. There is an adequate physical equipment in buildings, and an efficient corps of missionaries and native helpers, so that the only remaining need is that for increased spiritual power. With grim determination the Hopis have said, "No more shall be baptized." Let the praying friends of the Hopis match this with greater determination and release the showers of blessing for this thirsty land!

THE CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF THE HOPI INDIANS Some members of the Hopi Baptist Church at the Second Mesa

THOUSAND MEN AT THE BALTIMORE CAMPAIGN

-From The Spirit of Mi.uiolls

A Remarkable Baltimore

An Account of the Missionary Campaign Conducted Simul- taneously in 37 Protestant Episcopal Churches BY GEORGE C. THOMAS, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Chairman of the Local Committee in the Campaign for Missions and Parish Support BALTIMORE has 'demonstrated that a missionary campaign can be successfully conducted during a national crisis. Within one month after war was declared 37 churches and chapels numbering over 16,000 communicants engaged in the greatest city-wide Campaign for Missions and Parish Support ever undertaken by this Church. The Campaign was in charge of Rev. Robert W. Patton, D.D., Secretary of the Province of Sewanee, who has conducted similar campaigns in Chicago, Cleveland, Richmond and many southern cities.

The success of this great Church enterprise is accentuated, because, in addition to the criticisms and prophecies of failure usually urged against missionary campaigns, a large number of loyal Church men and women were honestly convinced that the time was inappropriate. We had been deluged by appeals for many worthy benevolent and philanthropic objects-for hospitals, for local charities, for Belgian Relief, for the Red Cross. Then, just as our preparation started, this nation entered the War, and a call was made on the citizens of Baltimore to raise $ I ,500,000 for the splendid three-fold purpose of caring for the dependents of our men volunteering in the service of the nation, for extending the work of the Red Cross and for the Alliance of Charitable Organizations in the city.

These and other objections were seriously and frankly considered, but the conclusion was reached that a patriotic was well as a religious duty demanded that the Church be equipped to render greater service to the nation and to the world in this and the darker hours to come.

Too much importance cannot be attached to proper preparation in such a campaign. A preliminary meeting of Clergy and laity was held early in March and the Campaign outlined. A Committee of nine Clergymen and eight laymen was appointed by Rt. Rev. John Gardner Murray, Bishop of Maryland. Three weeks in advance of the Campaign an office was opened in charge of the Rev. Louis G. Wood, Field Secretary of the Board of Missions, and Mr. David H. Brown, Secretary of the Virginia Joint Missionary Committees. These men efficiently handled the tremendous mass of detail, in addition to addressing numerous meetings. The local committees. and others also assisted in this work.

On Easter Monday night an enthusiastic meeting of clergymen and Parish Committees was addressed by Dr. John W. Wood of the Board

of Missions, Mr. H. F. Laflamme of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Rev. Louis G. Wood and Bishop Murray.

The largest organization in the Diocese of Maryland is the Cathedral League composed of over 2,000 representative Church women of all the parishes. At a luncheon attended by over 500 members their interest was enlisted and addresses were made by Bishop Murray and others. Chaplain H. Percy Silver of West Point also spoke on the subject before a largely attended dinner of the Churchmen's Club of Maryland.

THE CAMPAIGN The Campaign actually began on Sunday, April 29th, with special services and addresses in all the Protestant Episcopal Churches in Baltimore and suburbs. Bishop Lloyd, officers of the Board of Missions and others-in all twenty-eight visiting speakers-participated. All emphasized the fact that this Campaign was not intended primarily to raise money, although that result would surely follow, but to stimulate every department of parish life. They were able to testify personally that it had been tried with remarkable results in their own parishes. They also emphasized the need of attending Dr. Patton's Educational Conferences during the week.

The most important meetings of the Campaign-the educational conferences-were held Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, in the afternoon for women, and the evening for men and women. The Rev. Dr. Patton, in a wonderfully attractive and convincing way, developed the theme of The World Wide Mission of the Church. The interest and attendance steadily increased, until, on the last evening an enthusiastic audience filled both the main floor and galleries of Emmanuel Church.

Bishop Murray not only attended every evening conference, but every important meeting, during the campaign. His presence, interest, advice and enthusiastic support was a most important contributing cause to the wonderful results obtained.

The clergy generally entered into the Campaign with loyalty and enthusiasm. As the conferences progressed many laymen who were frankly skeptical caught the vision, realized the bigness of the undertaking and enlisted for service. We learned that laymen will serve their Church whenever their interest is stimulated by intelligent instructions.

On Thursday night at the largest available auditorium in Baltimore, a great inspirational supper was held, limited to 1,000 men for want of space. The galleries and boxes were thrown open to the ladies. Dr. John W. Wood spoke of Maryland's contribution of men and women to the Mission fields of the Church. Bishop Chas. H. Brent, of the Philippines, who arrived in New York that morning from England and the trenches of France, gave a most thrilling and inspiring address on "World Service of the Nation," while Rev. Dr. Patton spoke of the "World Service of the Church." The following day a~

four points instructions were given to canvassers who had volunteered for the great City Wide Every Member Canvass.

EVERY MEMBER CANVASS On Sunday afternoon, May 6th, about 1,600 canvassers, two by two, visited the homes of over 16,000 communicants in the interest of regular systematic contributions for missions and parish support through the duplex envelopes. This was a fitting climax to the weeks which had preceded, with preparation, instruction and prayer. Among the canvassers were men in every walk of life. A former governor of Maryland, judges, lawyers, doctors, presidents of banks and trust companies, leading financiers and business men, as well as bookkeepers and clerks, mechanics and laboring men.

The effect upon the canvassers was noticeable and deeply stimulated their interest in the parishes. All who took part in the canvass greatly enjoyed their experience and many have offered their services not only for future canvasses but for future church work.

The results in Baltimore are but a repetition of those in every parish in which the every member canvass for Missions and for parish support has been earnestly tried. Some of these results already reported are: A greater interest in the church and its work; Increased attendance at church services; Valuable information for church records; Increased number of church workers; New members of parish organizations; A closer fellowship between members. A fuller co-operation between clergy and people.

Many who thought the Church meant their own parish or diocese have learned that their Church is a much bigger and finer thing-that its field of influence must be the whole world.

Another point-parochialism or provincialism, has been hit hard, if not killed. Parishes have united in this Missionary Campaign which have never before united in anything else; and all, rich and poor, large and small, have received great blessings.

Finally, and incidentally, the financial returns to date show a gratifying increase in the number of contributors and amount contributed. Although in many parishes the canvass is not complete and additions are being received daily, the report at present is something like this: N umber of new weekly subscribers to local parish expenses…. 3,000 Number of new weekly subscribers to missions. . …. . .. . . . . . .. 3,100 Increase of pledges to local parish expenses ……………… $30,000 Increase of pledges to missions ……….•……………. " 20,000

A MOSLEM PERFORMING HIS ABLUTIONS BEFORE

Moslem's Preparation for

BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HROUGHOUT the Moslem world no "believer" under any cir- cumstance is allowed to perform his prayers before having cleansed himself by prescribed ablutions when he can obtain clean water. If traveling in a waterless desert the "believer" is allowed to use sand in his ablutions. If it is impossible to procure sand he passes his hand over a stone before each act.

The ablutions are absolutely necessary as a preparation to prayer. The "believer" tucks up his sleeves above the elbows and from a "breek" or brass jug of water before him he pours water into his hands and washes them three times.

N ext, taking a little water into the hollow of his right hand he allows the water to run up his arm as far as the elbow, and having washed the right arm, he does the same with the left. This is done three times.

Water is next taken in the right hand and sniffed up the nostrils and blown out by the finger being placed on the side of the nose.

The nose and mouth having been thoroughly cleansed he wets the tips of his two forefingers, places them in his ears and twists them around. Sometimes before his last act the Moslem will scrape out his ears with a tiny spoon of bone in order that no dirt may remain.

He next takes off his fez cap and lays it down in a clean place. He passes his wet hands over his head down to the nape of his neck_ In order that no water may fall on his linen and thus render him impure, he passes his hands around his neck, shaking off any water that may have been gathered on the forefingers.

If the "believer" has shoes and socks they are taken off before beginning the ablutions. The last act is to wash his feet and legs up: as far as the knees, the fingers being carefully passed through the spaces between the toes, thus the ablution is completed.

Between each act of washing the Moslem repeats some pious saying. When washing the nostrils he says "0 my God, if I am pleasing in Thy sight, perfume me with the odours of Paradise," and so on.

lf the worshipper is sure of having avoided all kinds of impurity it is not necessary for him to perform these ablutions five times daily before the prescribed prayers. He trusts, however, in the cleansing of water and does not believe that the blood of Jesus Christ, God's Son, cleanseth us from all sin. It is a ceremonial cleansing rather than a heart cleansing that the Moslem is seeking.

of the Night in

BY THE REV. GEORGE E. WHITE, MARSOVAN, TURKEY Missionary of the American Board, President of Anatolia College T HE night is dark in Turkey. It may be the darkness which pre- cedes and presages the dawn. Asia Minor is a great land, larger than France or Germany, and constitutes the heart of the Turkish Empire.. It is like a friendly hand reaching out from the continent of Asia toward Europe, an ap- pealing hand, a· pathetic hand. Marsovan is located just under the knuckle of the thumb and not far from the .Black Sea, a place admirably situated for the purposes of a college in the Ottoman Empire. Constantinople is at the tip of the index finger. It enjoys a matchless situation among the capitals of the earth, located as it is at the junction of two continents and two seas. It is here, almost more than at any other one point geographically, that the Teutons and Slavs meet in a dead set. The German comes from the northwest at Berlin, stretching toward Bagdad and the southeast. The Russian comes from the northeast, following the great rivers that drain his country, to the Black Sea, and seeking an unhampered approach to the salt water commerce of the world through the Dardanelles. They meet at Constantinople with its marvelous waterway. One or the other apparently must be defeated here, and whichever wins Constantinople will have one of the most important of the prizes now at stake.

There is a gleam of light in the fact that the Moslems are now weighing their own institutions and creeds. Orthodox standards have already been challenged by the Shias or Alevis in a manner that is not always fully realized. The Turks number perhaps eight million souls. Probably they are not so numerous as a race as are either the Greeks or the Serbians, but the Turks have had an advantage in maintaining the leadership among other Moslems such as the Kurds, the Circassians, and the Arabs. 'Within their own ranks the Shia or Alevi sectaries have never yielded willing assent to the control of the orthodox or Sunnite party. Shias have said to me, "Less than the thickness of an onion skin separates you Christians from us." Those people are ignorant, timid, and superstitious, but such a remark is material for a Gettogether Club right there. It is the habitual claim of Shias, when they speak with confidential frankness, that they feel nearer to Christians than they do to the orthodox Mohammedans for whom their common name is "Devil Worshippers."

There is a story among them that when their great founder, Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet, the fourth Caliph, suffered death at the hands of his enemies, his head, by some chance, fell into the keeping SOME OF THE W ORK THE TURKS HAVE STOPPED Women's Ward of th e A l1utolia Hospital, American Missio n of a Christian priest. It was demanded by the persecutors for abuse. With the consent of his wife the priest cut off her head and offered that in place of the head of Ali. When this was not received he repeated the process with the heads of his third son, his second, and finally the first born. It was only when all these offers were refused that the persecutors succeeded in getting and maltreating the head of the Moses of all" the AJevi Mohammedans. Wherever this legend is whispered from father to son or among a group of Alevis, it signifies their feeling that in the hour of their hero's death, in their hour of agony as a people, they were befriended by Christians as against their nominal Moslem co-religionists, and it has a powerful effect.

The orthodox Moslems themselves are also challenging their system and its results. One of my friends, a strong Turk of the merchant class, more than once has said to me: "Do vou still believe in that outworn idea of a God? If there were a go~d and just God seated upon the throne of the universe and ruling over all ev~nts do you suppose that we should see what we ser now as a result of this great war- bloodshed, pillage, unbridled lust? We knew that we Turks Wt:re a backward lot, but we supposed that the civilization of Europe stood for something that was real, and now we understand that it, ·too, is worthless. If I had my way I wouldfir.st sweep away every church and then sweep away every mosque, and after that it might be that common humanity would have a decent chance."

It seems to be a psychological necessity of human nature to break away from established institutions first by denying the value of all such before another offer can be considered in place of the broken ideal.

Another acquaintance, a strong Turkish governor, is well known among his friends as feeling that life is not worth living, and makes a virtual confession that in the hour of need his faith does not· satisfy him. Moslems are beginning to realize that their religion fails them, to challenge its teaching, and to compare it with the claims and the results of Christianity.

I have often heard Mohammedan prayer offered in the name of Christ. In the great mosques where a thousand men stand and wor- ship, prostrate themselves to the earth as one, rise and fall again, as the clear voice of their leader rings out the prayer in the name of Jesus; or when a regiment is drawn up in front of the barracks and is about to march away to take its place in the ranks my friend the Mufti, or another of the Mohammedan clergy, steps forward and again offers a beautiful and earnest prayer, again using the name which is above every name.

This must not be misunderstood. Mohammedan prayers could not be offered exclusively in the name of the Christian Saviour, but at the close of the earnest petitions offered is the plea that they may be heard for the sake of Abraham, the Friend of God; Moses, the Oracle of God; Jesus, the Spirit of God; and Mohammed, the Prophet of God. This is an earnest of the time when it will be realized that other names are superfluous.

A clear ray of light shines across the darkness in the Christian witness during the recent events. There arises now before my eyes a vision of one scene. A little group of College boys were led out by the sheriff's force, who had them in charge: and who did what was done, and who were profoundly affected by it. These lads requested permission to sing "Nearer My God to Thee." Their request was granted. They stood and sang. Then came the end.

Again I see the form and hear the voice of one with whom I stood as fellow laborer for twenty-five years. He knew the Turks as one of themselves. He received the best course of instruction offered in their capital. He was a man of ability, education, and consecration. He was the author of books, a compelling preacher. He delivered many lectures, and wrote many articles. He was a member of political organizations, engaged in long conversations, and all with the faithful endeavor of the Christian man to bring the principles of his faith to bear among public men and in regard to public measures, in a country where changes have been in progress with astonishing rapidity. Being dead he yet speaketh, and all his work was done as a vicarious representative on behalf of Christians in our offer of that which we hold highest and best. Indeed the Armenians in their national suffering, occupy a vicarious position in regard to all Christians. They are within the reach of Mohammedans whose fanaticism has been roused by the proclamation of a Holy War, and who treat Armenians within their reach as they would treat any Christians in the same position.

SO M E OF THE ME N – A 1HI EN f ANS A N D AMERICAN S- SCA TTEIlED B Y T URKISH TERRORISM 'fhe F a"cu lt y of A na tolia Colle ge, ]farsova n The clear shining of the Sun of Righteousness was better realized by some of us last year than ever before in a fresh view of the eternal redemptive work of God in Christ. Under the conditions of war and virtually in a state of siege, there were many things to be borne that were difficult. Sugar was sold only at prohibitive prices; there was oil for only one lamp for evening study in the College; coffee once a week was a luxury; though these things were as nothing compared with the loss of life, the clash of war, the race destruction, the separation from friends and members of the same family. At first it was inconceivably difficult to preach, conduct chapel exercises, or give the Christian message in any way. How could one do so in the midst of such scenes? Later, however, the grace of God seemed to come home. It was a rewarding year in college life though there were but five regular members of the faculty able to continue until the tenth of Mayas against twenty-five two years before, and sixty-five students as against four hundred and twenty-five at the earlier date. As the months went on, it became easier to give the gospel message, and the response was more general and more ready than at almost any other time in my missionary experience. The students were earnest, discipline was easy, attendance at church services was wholly voluntary and habitually all came. Our large chorus choir had been scattered. Instead, our music was led by a good quartet in which the soprano was an Armenian, the alto an

American, the tenor a Russian and the bass a Greek. We did not sing "I Want to Be An Angel," but we sang "The Son of God Goes Forth to War," and we strove to be worthy to follow in His train. We did not sing "Day Is Dying in the West" much; instead we had a hymn written by one of our own number beginning, "Day Is Dawning in the East." The communion service was participated in by Russians, Orthodox Greeks, Roman Catholics, Armenian Gregorians, by persons of any Christian name, as well as by those of evangelical conviction, whether members of the church or not. At each celebration of the Lord's Supper there were more applicants for admission to church membership than we could accept, and sometimes on such an occasion a number of those who partook were just about to depart for soldier servIce.

Under such conditions the great redeeming work of Christ came home to us with a vividness that surpassed our former realization of its significance. This is the central fact of Christianity. It is the distinctive feature that separates our faith from other religious systems. Mohammedanism has no redeemer. But the need for such work from above must inevitably be felt by anyone who faces the situation, who considers his own condition and the results of his unaided efforts. The supreme offer of Christianity meets the supreme need of men in the work and provision of God who was in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself.

We who belong in Turkey anticipate with eagerness the time for our return. The only unkind remark made regarding myself since 1 reached the homeland was by a newspaper reporter, who referred to me as the "Former" President of Anatolia College. There is a group of our associates back in Marsovan to hold the ground, stand by our friends, and maintain the Christian witness.

Watchman, what of the night? The answer was given with prophetic foresight by our predecessors and associates, thirty years ago, when they founded Anatolia College, now wrecked by war, and adopted the seal and motto. The seal shows the morning sun just rising over one of our Anatolia mountains, and the motto is the words, "Morning Cometh."

PRAYER More things are wrought by prayer Than this world dreams of. For what are men better than sheep or goats That nourish a blind life within the brain, If, knowing God, they lift not holy hands in prayer, Both for themselves and those they call their friends? For so the whole round earth is, every way Bound by gold chains around the feet of God.

TENNYSON.

" Billy" Sunday on

T HE devil is just as great a menace in Africa and Asia as in America. People are not born heathen or Christian. They become heathen under conditions that could be remedied if the people of Christian lands would do their duty by their less fortunate neighbors. The world is so small now, and we have become so dependent upon the people of these other lands for labor and special materials that enter into our manu- factures, that we cannot repudiate our moral responsibility for their welfare. A man would be a fool to suppose that God intended to save Americans or Englishmen only.

The devil is not dead until he is dead all around the world. Much of the devilment we see in America comes from other lands, and every year we ship enough rum to Africa to send the whole continent to Hell. Think of it-rum from Boston and brass gods from Philadelphia. If we can send them brass idols we surely ought to be able to send some live men.

I believe in the whole missionary business from top to bottom. If I didn't, what the Turks have done to the Armenians and Syrians would fix me. Was there ever such a record in all history? Such atrocities are a blot upon civilization. So long as such things are possible anywhere, missionaries are needed. One mad dog is a menace to a community. So long as one saloon exists our boys are not safe. Freedom for the Turk or anybody else to butcher his neighbor creates a situation calling for attention. Shall we apply the Turk's medicine to himself? No, that is not the Christian way. But it is Christian to make hiin behave. Encourage our missionaries among the Armenians and Syrians and throw such a cordon of good around those Turks that they will have to be good or die in the attempt.

"President Wilson says that the whole country-every man, woman and child-must be mobilized for the war. So every Christian of every Christian Church must be mobilized for the Christian conquest of the world. Don't wait to be drafted. Do your dl1ty. Give your money. Pray for the men and women on the firing line in Armenia, China, Africa, India, and the Islands of the Sea.

"Take hold and help to clean up the whole world. If you leave a bad spot anywhere its filth will run over on the good places. To make anyone part of the world really safe, we must make all parts safe. In order to be sure that one man is safe, Christ must save all. This is what the missionaries have always said. The great war has proved that they are right."

A War Experience in East

A Story Told by Kala, an L. M. S. Mission Teacher GRANDFATHERS and Grand- and 'Kisola,' comforted them, saying, mothers, above everything else, 1 'Don't cry, we are in God's hands,' but want to tell you of the power of God. they replied, 'Twice they have said they "On August 15, 1914, we were all will kill us, and they will do so,' but in our houses and the doors were shut, Katai said again, 'Crying will not save for it was night, when we suddenly you; only prayer can do that,' so the heard an angry voice outside which said, younger ones took heart, and we all 'Open the door,' and 1 replied, 'Why prayed to God.

should I open the door? 1 do not "Soon we were removed to another want to go out in the night.' The voice fort, and they compelled us to work very said again 'Open.' So I quickly took hard, so hard that sometimes blood oozed up my Bible, which was near my bed, from the palms of our hands, but what- and hid it in my clothes; then 1 opened ever they put us to we did it with all the door and some German soldiers came our might, and always prayed to God in and took hold of me and my wife. and sang praises.

"I asked, ~Why do you come to my "For five months we were working on house and take hold of me in this way?' the roads; for one month we were carry- and they replied, 'There is a great war, ing heavy loads to Katanga, and for and we are taking you because you are many months we were tilling, reaping, servants of the English. and grinding grain, felling trees, digging "In the morning the Great White trenches, and doing all sorts of hard German Officer came and asked why we work, and always had faith in our hearts were in their country, and 1 replied that that God would save us.

we came to teach the story of Jesus "After two years we heard that there Christ, and he asked: was a battle at Kasanga, and that the " 'Who sent you?' and 1 replied, 'God English were there. So we all agreed sent us.' He said, 'Very good, you are to try and escape, and when we got near our prisoners now, and when 1 return to Kasanga we met some English and re- from the battle I shall kill you all." joiced, and the Germans never looked "I replied that we feared nothing, God for us, for they all left Kasanga that was of great strength. He went away night, and the English took the fort.

and we remained in prison ten days with We visited the English officer and told very little food. him all about ourselves, and he said, 'Go "We all prayed to God and sang home to Kafakula and tell your friends hymns with all our strength, and felt no that you are free,' and we very soon fear in our hearts. We heard that the went, and great was the joy of our officer who had threatened us had been friends to see us safe again.

killed in battle. Then another officer "Everybody at Kasanga marvelled at came to us and asked, 'Are you the men our safety, and if you go and ask them from over the border ?' We said, 'We which God they pray to now, they will are men of God,' and he said, 'Our all answer, 'The God of the Teachers, chief has been killed but I remain to for He is mighty to have saved them do his work and I will surely kill you from the hands of the Germans,' and I when I return,' and he went away and tell you all here that only prayer saved some of the children and young girls us. We had friends praying for us, and began to weep. we prayed ourselves, and God in His "Two of the elder women, 'Katai' great Love heard and answered.

@ @ ~…=."B'bbEbS'TbUOM~'bB"T""H"~O''D''S'=''O

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.

WORKING FOR MISSIONS IN WAR TIME T HERE are two lines of missionary the Sabbath, is not a holy day but a effort that should be emphasized in holiday.

wartime. One of these is the upkeep of If America would keep Christ, she the regular work on the mission field, must repent of her sins and make her which is apt to be neglected in the strenu- peace with God. It is true that since the ous days of preparation and conflict. break with Germany we have been pray- The other is practical work for soldiers, ing as seldom before. Trinity Church in sailors and airmen assembled in training N ew York City holds a daily prayer serv- camps or on guard duty especially in lo- ice at noon with special reference to the calities near to us. To neglect either is war and invites passersby to come in at to fail in our duty to God. any time for prayer and intercession. At The greatest need of the hour, no mat- the call of Ohio's governor the people of ter what work we engage in, is prayer. that great state were brought to their N at prayer such as the nations have been knees on a given date to intercede for the offering for the success of their own arms nation. An Associated Press despatch and the defeat of their enemies, but in- tells of workmen on the country estates tensely earnest prayer in which humilia- of wealthy N ew Yorkers kneeling in the tion and confession of sin play the greater rye fields and vegetable gardens to pray part. Great Britain is at last learning for the success of their crops.

to pray in this way, and we all need the This is good as far as it goes. It shows lesson. that we have not lost our sense of de- Notwithstanding the great activity in pendence on God. But this praying is missionary work and the thousands all largely begging for temporal blessings.

over the land who "have not bowed the In the old days when calamities threat- knee to Baal," the Church has been get- ened, the Church appointed days of fast- ting farther and farther from God, and ing and prayer, and confession of sin pre- many have believed that sooner or later ceded petition. This is still the way in drastic punishment must follow. Can which God would have us approach Him.

this be the meaning of the war?

In our April number we printed an Prayer, the Present Need of the World* article with a startling title, "Can Amer- BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO ica Keep Christ?" Alas, that from many an American home Christ has already de- What a revolting catastrophe has beparted. When Moffat won Liv;ng~tone fallen the world! The earth drenched for Africa he clinched his appeal bv tell- with blood, and nations seeking the deing him that in the vast plain to the north struction of each other. Mankind busily of Kuruman he had sometimes' seen, in engaged in cheering the victors and lookthe light of the morning sun, the smoke ing complacently at the vanquished. Hunof a thousand villages where no m;ssion- dreds of thousands eagerly straining arv had ever yet gone to preach Christ. every nerve to invent and supply the Whoever will take his stand on the top deadly sinews of destruction! of a high building in any large American This deadly conflict has been with us city mav see for himself the smoke of a '" Condensed from The JewiJh Era. The th~usand homes where Christ is not author, Rev. S. B. Rohold, is Associate Ediknown, where God is not worshipped, tor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in charge of where the Bible is a lost book, and where Foreign Exchanges.

nearly three years and the operations of England's Call to Prayer war have interfered with, and in many places broken, all missionary propaganda. In this, the most serious crisis that the Practically all the best organized Euro- British Empire and the nations of Europe pean Jewish missions are at a stand- have ever passed through, we feel deeply still. the need of unitedly seeking the Face of our Holy God and Father, and hum- The fierce light of the war is searching bling ourselves before Him. the vitals of our Christian profession. What are the signs? Is there genuine He has, after many years of patience expression of sorrow, grief, regret or and forbearance, permitted His judgshame? It seems as if we have lost ments to come upon the nations, and we tenderness of heart and that compassion have not turned to Him. Surely it is has gone. When we hear that a thou- time for His children seriously to lay to sand men have perished at sea, are our heart the state of things which compels hearts affected as they once were ? We the continuance of His discipline, and read of such occurrences almost daily in to set apart time for humiliation, repent" the press and not a tear is shed. ance, fasting and prayer, believing that in answer to their cry He will, in His If ever there was a time, it is now, wrath, remember mercy. for the Church of God to bow in prayer, fasting and humiliation before God. Do For centuries God has manifested His we fully realize the dreadful effects of grace and love to us. As a nation we His displeasure? Oh! if we could only have been in a special way recipients of hear the call of God as given us by His His favor and we have largely turned grace through His prophet, Isaiah: our backs upon the supreme revelation "Come my people, enter thou into thy of His love, the Lord Jesus Christ. At chambers, and shut the doors about thee; unspeakable cost our heavenly Father sachide thyself as it were for a little mo- rificed His only Son to redeem this lost ment, until the indignation is overpast." world and make His will known to men and nations. Yet, as a people, we have This is the call to every believer; there despised and neglected His gift, and in is no other way out of this calamity that thought and deed have determined that has befallen the world, and we must do we will not have this .Man to reign over it ourselves. Ve cannot do it by us. Of this, the greatest sin of all, we proxy, and we must seek grace to be able need most humbly to repent, as well as to yield ourselves wholly to His divine of all the sins of personal, family, church Will, and make Him the sole Master of and national life, of which we are alour lives….. readv aware, and which will be made vet mor~ manifest to us as we wait upon For almost three years we have waited God. longingly for the Church of God to make a move and call for unconditional surren- That God has not left Himself withder to repentance, prayer, fasting and out witness in the midst of the prevahumiliation. At last we see some awak- lent unbelief and apostasy is evident. ening and our heart is stirred with emo- EI·erywhere groups of praving people tion. We trust that the movement now have been entering into the Secret Place started in England will flood the whole during these dark and terrible days, witi of this great American continent with a broken and contrite hearts, seeking after reflex spiritual awakening amongst God's Him, and many definite answers to children that will ultimatelv extend prayer have been recorded to His praise. throughout the whole world. We refer We feel that it would mean much to the to a call which reached us a few davs Church of Christ, and to His cause ago and which we append. The remark- among the nations, if many such groups able thing about it is that it represents in all parts of the Foreign Field, in practically all Missionary and Evange- Europe and in British colonies could be listic Societies and is signed by dignitaries linked together for a Day of Repentance of all the Churches in Great Britain.

METHODS

and Prayer, and we earnestly invite you life among them. Not one of them to co-operate with us so that this may should be allowed to go to the front be brought about in the most effective without a Bible, so far as possible with way. a strong spiritual message written in the fly-leaf. In Schenectady, New York, the God willing, we propose to set apart Federation of Women's Missionary So- Good Friday, April 6th, 1917,* for this cieties gave a Testament to every man purpose. who went to the Mexican border last year, and now the Young Men's Chris- We ask a definite interest in vour tian Associations and other organizations prayers for this effort that it may be all over the country are undertaking a kept in the line of God's will, and that similar servin'_ His deepest purposes in it may be fulfilled. May the Holy Spirit constrain There is great need, too, for practical those whom He would draw apart with Christian work among the soldiers, sail- Himself for this Day of Prayer, an:.! ors and airmen in camps and on guard may He teach us true repentance, and dllty. Few persons realize that the men so inspire our prayers that greater vic- have almost no place to go except satory may be won in the spiritual realm, loons and other resorts of disreputable and that an outpouring of the Spirir character. A sad instance of the dangers may quicken His Church into new life that beset them was recently brought to and power, for her work and witness for our notice. Four men were sent to guard God unto the ends of the earth. a bridge over the Connecticut River nest Northfield, Mass., and two of them were The Church has a stupendous burden killed by a railroad train while under placed upon her by the war. She the influence of liquor. It seems that carries the missionary obligation of the they had been out in the cold and wet whole world, home and foreign. There ronstantly and besides their tent~ had will be a tendency to cut down con- had practically no place to go save sa- tributions for regular religious activi- loons. ties, but retrenchment must not be al- lowed. At our request the Rev. Paul D. Moody, who has given up his church at Hold fast to first things in these try- St. Johnsbury, Vermont, to work lmong ing times. Remember that the program the soldiers of New England, ha3 s"nt of the Kingdom is not changed by war, the following suggestions of how we can and that our country is not worth dying help along this line. for if she loses her souJ.-The ContI- nent. Practical Work for the Soldiers Our New Home Mission Field BY THE REV. PAUL D. MOODY, CHAPLAIN The great hosts of men that the FIRST VERMONT INFANTRY. United States is calling to the colors constitute a new field for missionary ef- The first thought of some men on enfort in which the need is urgent and the tering the army is that there is nothing promise great. The fact that these men in the world so Godless as a camp and must soon stand face to face with death so remote from the best things as milimakes them peculiarly susceptible to spir- tary life. Before many days they revise itual effort. this opinion. It is all too true that there is swearing and language that offends, Everything possible should be done to but along with it is a spirit of service and lead them to Christ and foster the higher self-sacrifice that goes a long way towards offsetting first impressions. U nfortu- * It was on Good Friday, April 6, 1917, nately there are temptations which come upon men with greater force when cut that the United States finally decided to en- off from the refining influences of home, ter the war. Can it be that there was some and the government is coming to recogconnection between this ami England's prayers ?-B.M.B.

nize more and more that these are dan- instance it met with prompt response. gerous, not merely because they affect the Christian Endeavor Societies, Epworth morals of the men but also because they Leagues and Bible Classes could vie with reduce their efficiency. one another in rendering such service if they wished. It would be good for the If in any way the Church can help soldiers and better still for them. to stem the force of the appeals to the lower nature, it will be doing a service NOW is the accepted time to not alone for God but for country. work for the soldiers and sailors in a practical way. What can the Church do? It can invite men to corne to its serv- Almost any day they may be orices, though beyond a certain point this dered elsewhere and your opporis a waste ot time. tunities of personal service to them I t can throw open its buildings and be at an end. furnish quiet places for the men to read, not tracts or religious papers exclusively, MESSAGES FROM CANADA but newspapers from horne and current magaZines. The way in which Great Britain and It can make it possible for men in uni- her colonies, especially Canada and Ausform to speak now and again to decent tralia, have kept up their regular missionwomen who could go and sing for them ary work notwithstanding the enormous and perhaps sell light refreshments to drafts made on time and money by Red them. A recent visitor to our shores tells Cross and other relief work, will form us that in the Young Men's Christian one of the heroic chapters in the history Association camps in Europe most of the of missions. The French Protestants, work is done by splendid Christian too, though small in numbers and rewomen who serve their God and their wurces, have kept up their work to the country in this way as acceptably as other full extent of their ability and even bewomen do as nurses. No one who has yond it. not been through it knows quite what it means to a man under such circum- Now that we have entered the war, stances to have the opportunity of meet- what shall we do? Shall we go forward? ing and speaking with a woman of re- Or shall we neglect the work and allow finement. it to suffer? Honored commissions of The Young Men's Christian Associa- French and English experts have recenttion is blazing a path. It might have ly advised America how best to conduct been possible for the Church so to or- the military campaign. May not the ganize as to do the work directly, but on noble Canadian missionary experts who a large scale the Young Men's Christian have solved the problem for themselves, Association must do it now. Yet every- teach us how best to keep up our warwhere there are needs, particularly where fare for the King of Kings? In remen are on guard duty, that the Young sponse to a request sent to the l1ission Men's Christian Association cannot meet. Boards of Canada for brief messages of Recently I made a tour visiting some advice or encouragement, we have reof the men of my regiment who are ceived the following replies. They should scattered in lonely places. Wherever I be widely used in missionary meetings went, so far as possible, I suggested to and trust that the brave and devoted the churches that they look after the spirit that breathes through them all may comfort and happiness of the little groups give us courage to "follow in their guarding their bridges and railroad ap- train." proaches in much the same way as the Young Men's Christian Associations are Our Best Half-Year doing in the larger camps. In almost every instance it was confessed that this The Canadian Baptist Board has used had not been thought of, and in every no unusual means for meeting the pe-

METHODS 53

culiar conditions created by the war. Nor taking men's places in business and in have we found any serious difficul ty in agriculture. In the Church we must de- financing our work, though care has been pend upon our women to do even more taken to avoid undertakings involving than they have been doing. We find that new and heavy expenditures. they are not only able but willing; al- At first the sensation created by the though they are attending patriotic meet- – declaration of war was so great that for ings, helping with Red Cross work and a time the people seemed to forget every- doing many things toward winning this thing else and we were threatened with a war for world freedom, yet they are do- decline of income. But the war soon pro- ing still more for missions. We must duced a sobering effect. The religious also enlist the younger boys, many of life of the nation was deepened and, as whom are much more efficient than we the moral issues for which we were fight- had estimated. ing loomed larger and larger, there stole into the hearts of the people a new ap- Our younger men and women need an preciation of those great moral and spir- increased amount of missionary informa- itual values for which missions stand. tion. To fight ignorance and indifter- cnce at home, there is nothing better than The response to the appeals of the Bel- the good news of success on the mission gian, Armenian, Servian, Red Cross, Pa- fields.-REv. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D., triotic and other Funds has been phe- Young Peoples' Secretary, Missionary So- nomenal and all these, by awakening the ciety of the Canadian Methodist Church. spirit of generosity, have given a multi- tude of people the "giving habit." "Funds Are All in Advance'"

Many, too, see that the only guaran- The :Methodist missionary women of tee against a repetition of the present war Canada equal in valor their gloriously lies in a vigorous, world-wide and in- brave, gallant sons at the front. So, stant missionary propaganda. after nearly three years of war during which they have suffered anxiety, agony Last year our Board met all its esti- and loss irreparable, they have only words mates and reduced its deficits. The first of cheer to send to their comrades south half of the present financial year which of the border. closes September 30, has been the best in our history-REv. ]. C. BROWN, Sec- Personal suffering and sorrow have retary Canadian Baptist Foreign Mis- not weakened their hold on the eternal sion Board. verities; they have come to realize that they are one in their work for God with "World-Wide War and World-Wide their dear men who are living, fighting and dying in France that liberty and Missions" truth may be established; so they calmly "carryon" work day by day in the There is much in common between the sure and certain hope of the final victory present great world-wide war and world- of the Cross in all the world. wide missions. They both call for prayer, study and sacrifice. They both call for Officers write, as the year is now clos- a well-organized home base and for ing, "We are singing the doxology softly trained men and equipment. as funds are all in advance."-MRs. W. E. Ross, President of the Woman's For- If we are to keep up missionary work eign Missionary Society, Canadian Meth- in war time we must look well to our odist Church. organization at home, and keep in close touch with our representatives on our New Viewpoints mission fields. Since the war began missionary appeal We must remember that the first vol- has automatically changed. Uncon- unteers to go to the front are the loyal sciously a new viewpoint has emerged. young men-leaders in our Sunday- Such questions as these have arisen: schools and Young People's work. In Canada and Great Britain women are

1. What would happen should China A Canadian Church at Work and Japan, having adopted Western sciences, adopt the ideals of the Germans? In addition to these messages from Canada, we have received through the 2. If humanity is a unit, must we not courtesy of a friend, the annual report Christianize others that we may be Chris- of a prominent Presbyterian Church in tianized ourselves? Toronto.

3. Is not selfishness the "root of bit- In a printed pamphlet of about 60 terness" that has corrupted the world? [s not Germany's ~mbition for worId- pages a complete resume of the work for power a legitimate development of that the year 1916 is given in detail. Though principle? the war has made a heavy draft on the church, and there are frequent references 4. WeaIth is stewardship and it has to it, it is evident that it has not been al- lowed to interfere with the regular work been selfishly used. May not the pres- of any department. ent destruction of wealth be interpreted as a Divine judgment? The various missionary organizations have kept up their regular meetings; mis- The tendency of the Church in all sion study was conducted; the annual ages has been to rely upon organization Thank Offering was taken in N ovemand allow the inner life to evaporate. ber; and liberal contributions were made Reformation, "back to Christ," means a as usual both to home and foreign misreturn to primitive Christianity, the in- sions. Notwithstanding the large gifts dwelling- Spirit. And nothing but Pente- in money and service reported for Red costal Christianitv will overcome.-REv. Cross and other relief work, the custom- R. P. MACKAY,"D D .. Secretary of the ary missionary boxes were sent out and Board of Missions, Canadian Presby- the poor of Toronto were not forgotten. terian Church. It seems incredible that in the midst "A New Spirit of Service" of so much sorrow and anxiety, time and money could be found for so many lines Even amid the sorrow and loss that of Christian effort. But when sacrifice have come with the war our reports show and self-denial are the watchwords, there a hopeful and progressive spirit, and give seems no limit to the powers of achievemany instances of an unflagging devotion ment. to the work. Indeed it would seem that the new spirit of service called into be- "When we closed last year," says the ing by the struggle of the Empire for pastor, "we called it the 'year of challiberty and righteousness has awakened lenge.' For so it was.' And we held it manv to a more vivid realization of the to the praise of our God that we met worid's need of a Saviour. the test that 1915 brought us. That was the vear in which we first felt the With courage and hope we look to the strain of the. war. 'Somewhere in future, a courage and hope based on the France' our dead were sleeping. When power of prayer and on the leading of our we faced the new year-wondering Heavenly Father who wiII in His own what 1916 would bring us-we could good time bring peace to the world. think of nothing better than the words When this blessed day comes, may we be of a favorite hvmn, 'In Jesus' keeping found worthy of the noble lives that we are safe-and they.' In this faith we have been laid down for us in the con- have passed the 'year of the greater chalflict. May we labor to make a better lenge.' Again and yet again we have world because they have died, and may been tested, but as the year left us, it we never rest satisfied until we have done was in the fullness of the experience of our full share in helping to give the the apostle, 'He giveth more grace.' God blessed hope of everlasting life to the dis- never failed us. He made Himself our tant peoples who now know nothing of rock." Christ.-BESSIE MACMuRCHY, Secretary of the Woman's Missionary Society, These messages come with especial Canadian Presbyterian Church. force in vieW of our entry into the war.

METHODS

REMEMBER THE MISSIONARIES in miSSIOns (think of it!) recently stood up in Wednesday evening meeting and One thing we need to remember just offered a fervent prayer for "the misno," is that (to use Carey's simile), the sionaries who must be so lonely at this missionaries are down in the dark mines time." of heathenism digging out souls while we at home are holding the ropes. We Where Suffering Is Chronic have pledged them our support and theee pledges must be kept at all hazards. We do not minimize the suffering Vhatever else we undertake we must be caused by the Great War and feel that true to the men and women at the front it would be impossible to do too much -our substitutes in the outposts of the in the way of Red Cross and other re- Lord's army. lief work. Nevertheless we believe that such facts as the following, presented in The position of the missionaries the right way, would not only help to throughout the war has been a trying keep us loyal to our missionary obligaone. None of them, so far as we know, tions, but awaken a sympathetic interest has met a tragic end while at the post in the work on the part of those who are of duty. But a number have suffered now indifferent to it. death frum over-strain, especially in Persia and Turkey, where conditions 1. We are appalled at the awful sufhave been so terrible and relief work so fering and loss of life in Europe, yet it heavy. is a mere drop in the bucket compared with the sacrifice of life and the end- In other lands, too, their lot has been less agony endured year after year as a far from enviable. Many have seen their normal condition in many parts of the work suffer, and far away from home mission field. Last year 2,000,000 died and loved ones, the uncertainty of the on the battlefield; during the same perfuture, which hangs like a pall over the iod 33,000,000 died without Christ on whole world, is doubly hard to bear. the mission field. We are rightl}' con- One has but to read the chapter, "When cerned over the two million; what about the Great War Came," in Mary Sles- the thirty-three? sor's biography, to get a glimpse of what the war has meant to those on the field. 2. We cannot bear the thought of lit- To Mary Slessor herself, ill and over- tle children starving in Europe and send worked, it proved a death blow. Though shiploads of provisions to relieve their she went on bravely with the routine distress. Yet, according to Robert E. duties of the station- she did not rally Speer, 30,000,000 half-fed Chinese chillong after the news came of the invasion dren cry themselves to sleep every night of Belgium and the reverses of the Allies. and this condition has been going on for The hardest thing to bear, in her far ages. But only a few seem to care. away African home, was the lack of news from the front. "Oh, for a telegram," 3. We feel the keenest sympathy for she would cry, "or even a boy bawling in the war-sufferers of Europe who are the street I" homeless and lack sufficient food. Yet, according to Bishop Thoburn, more than For the sake of the missionaries we 100,000,000 people in India, China and must guard our treasuries well. In Africa (more than the population of the these days of many appeals there will be United States) sleep without shelter danger of funds given for their support every night and more than 200,000,000 being diverted to other more popular lie down to rest with hunger unsatisfied. channels. How little we care about this!

And we must redouble our prayers 4. OUf indignation is intense at the and seek to enlist the sympathies of the treatment women have received during indifferent. Perhaps this may not be so the war at the hands of their captors. hard as we think. We have been much Yet it is more than matched by what has touched to learn that an elder in a Pres- gone on unchecked for centuries in many byterian Church who has never believed mission lands. Let W. P. Livingstone

in "Mary Slessor of Calabar," Dan missions along two lines: (1) The large Crawford in "Thinking Black," or number of Bibles carried into the coun- Donald Fraser in "Winning a Primitive try in the knapsacks of the soldiers and People," tell you something of the indig- the work of an agent of the A;nerican nities women have endured for ages in Bible Society who traveled with the Africa with scant sympathy or help from army much of the time, paved the way for their white brothers and sisters. Protestant missions later on. (2) At the close of the war all the territory now Do you know about the immense occupied by the states of California, Ne- amount of relief work done by Cyrus vada, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah Hamlin for the British forces during passed into the hands of the United the Crimean War? States, and became accessible to Gospel effort. (See "The Centennial Historv He tells about it in his biography, of the American Bible Society," by "My Life and Times." It is a fascinat- Henry Otis Dwight.) ing story that cannot fail to be of in- terest just now. 3. The Civil War (1861-5) : This war threatened disaster to missions. But, Former Wars and Foreign Missions there was no cessation of effort, though great progress was hardly possil:le. One way of keeping up interest in Sorely as both North and South needed missions in war time is by means of men and money, new missionaries were timely papers and addresses. We be- sent out by both sides and there was lieve the topic, "Our Former Wars anti' money enough for the work. The rec- Foreign Missions" would prove of in- ords 0.£ the Northern Presbyterian terest just now and suggest the follow- Church show that 58 new men and ing outline for its development. women were sent out during the years 1861-5, and we understand that the con- 1. The War of 1812 (1812-14): This tributions increased during the period. war apparently had no effect on missions. (See "The War and the Missionary Though attacks upon American shipping Call," pp. 409-411 in the June, 1917, iswere of frequent occurrence and war sue of THE REVIEW.) seemed inevitable, the infant Arn"erican Board sent forth its first missionaries in 4. The Spanish-American War February, 1812, on what proved to be (1898) : This event proved a great thing the last vessels that sailed for Asia be- for missions. Undertaken to assist a fore the break came. They reached their single island in the Atlantic in its strugdestination in safety and the Board was gle for freedom, in the providence of able to finance the projects. (See "The God it opened a whole archipelago in Story of the American Board," by the Pacific to the Gospel of the Lord Strong.) Jesus Christ. The Philippines had been rigidly closed to Protestant effort and in In 1813, notwithstanding the war, Cuba and Porto Rico the work had met great interest was aroused in missions with bitter opposition. When the Uniamong the Baptists owing to the J udsons' ted States took possession of these islands change in faith. In May, 1814, while the l1ission Boards at once entered in, the war was still in progress, the Ameri- and the gains have been rapid. In 1900 can Baptist Foreign Missionary Society there were no Protestant Christians in the Philippines; by 1910 there were was organized, the Judsons were adopt- 76,000. (See "The Centennial History of the American Bible Society" and the ed as its missionaries and funds were following articles in THE MISSIONARY quickly raised for their support. (See REVIEW OF THE WORLD: "The Friars "Life of Adoniram Judson," by Edward in the Philippines," July, 1898; and "Ex- Judson.) pelled From the Philippines," December, 1898, both by F. DeP. Castells. 2. The Mexican War (1846-7): The war with Mexico, a land tight closed to the Gospel, proved an advantage to

WOlnan's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS E. B. VERMILYE, NEW YORK THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Woman's American Baptist Home Missions Society. MISSIONS Christian Woman's Board of Missions. THE Council of Women for Home Woman's Home Missionary Federation Missions was organized in 1907 in (Congregational) . response to the growing sense among Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Protestant denominations of the need of Society, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Gen- closer union for more effective service. eral Synod. Its formation was contiguous with that Woman's Missionary Society, Lutheran of the Home Missiorts Council, and General Council. shortly following the first meeting of Woman's Home Missionary Society, Metho- the Federal Council of Churches. It dist Episcopal Church. crystalized the realization of the Wo- Woman's Missionary Council, Home De- men's Home Mission Boards of the need partment, Methodist Episcopal Church South. of closer co-operation in spirit, planning, Voman's Auxiliary, Presbyterian Church, and action for the coming of the kingdom U. S. A. of Christ in our own land. Its purpose- Woman's Board of Home Missions, Presas expressed in its Constitution-is "to byterian Church, U. S. A. establish a medium through which N a- Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Retional Women's Boards and Societies may formed Church, U. S. A. co-operate in wider plans and more ef- 'Nomen's General Missionary Society, fective work for the Homeland." While United Presbyterian Church of North Amer- the Council occupies only an advisory ica. and co-ordinating position among the Corresponding Boards. Boards which constitute it, it can do for Woman's Board of Home Missions, Chrisall in interdenominational lines what no tian Church. one can do for itself. Voman's Home Missionary Council of Friends in America. The Council is made up of eleven N a- Woman's Missionary S(;ciety, Evangelical tional Women's Boards for Home Mis- Association. ~ions-called consti tuen t members; six Woman's Missionary Society of the Genboards-national in scope but doing more eral Synod, Reformed Church in the United restricted Home Mission work, termed States. corresponding members; the Young Wo- Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary men's Christian Association, and the Society, United Evangelical Church. National Woman's Christian Temper- Woman's Missionary Association, United ance Union, as consulting members. Brethren in Christ. Ten Summer Schools for Missions are affiliated with the Council which main- A /filiated Summer Schools: tains with them co-operative and advisory relations, while in no way interfering in Boulder, Colorado-June 13-20. their management. The individual mem- East Northfield-July 18-24. bership of the Council is made up of Los Angeles, California-(?) nine representatives from each Constitu- Minnesota-June 13-19. ent Board; two from each Correspond- Mount Hermon, California-July 16-21. ing Board; and the Chairman of each af- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 3-9. filiated Summer School. Representatives Omaha, Nebraska-Winter session. No from the Consulting Boards are invited Summer school. to sit with the Council at its meetings Winona Lake, Indiana-June 22-29. and serve on its committees. De Land, Florida-Winter session. Denton, Texas-June 10-15. The Constituent Boards and Societies of the Council are: The Council also conducts and entirely finances a Home Mission Institute at Chautauqua, N. Y., early in August. As no Summer School can be conducted at Chautauqua independently of the man- agement, or with separate revenue; and as this presents a great opportunity for presenting Home Missions, tl-.e Council gladly takes advantage of the invitation to hold its Institute.

The Council largely conducts its ac-

tivities through the following standing interest in and knowledge of Home Miscommittees .. sions among young women students. As the chairman notes: "It is evident to Home Mission Study Courses and Litera- those who have come into close touch ture. Mrs. J. S. Allen, Chairmnn. with the recent trend of thought prev- alent in the universities and colleges of Home Mission Summer Schools. Mrs. Mary this country which are not under Chris- Fisk Park, Chairman. tian administration, that there is a strong tendency-especially in courses on psy- Home Mission Interests in Schoob, Col- chology and philosophy to disparage the leges and Young People's Conferences. Mrs. influence and power of the Christian faith D. E. Waid, Chairman. as a life force. Christian students to- day demand a practical expression of the Home Mission Interests Among Children. soul's higher impulses that shall be al- Miss Edith Scammon, Chairman. truistic in character. If they study the Bible the subject is quite likely to be the Home Mission Comity and Co-operation. social teachings of Jesus with a view to Mrs. O. R. Judd, Chairman. practical application to service." In view of this undoubted tendency the work of Home Mission Interests Among Immi- this committee is far-reaching and valugrants. Mrs. J. A. Lewis, Chairman. able.

Home Mission Day of Prayer. Mrs. The Committee on Home Mission In- Luke G. Johnson, Chairman. terests among Children is striving to reach the children through suitable litera- The Committee on Study Courses and ture and by approved modern methods, Literature has charge of preparing the and to present missions in an attractive text books for Seniors and Juniors, issued garb in order to stimulate their interest by the Council; and of all other litera- and increase their knowledge. ture published or revised. The purpose of this Committee-and of the Council The Committee on Comity and Co- -is embodied in a statement from the operation seeks to strengthen interdenomlast Annual report of the Chairman: inational fellowship and co-operation, and "These more apparent objects being the in agreement with the Home Missions spread of information on some objective Council to assist Women's Home :Misphase of Home Missions from year to sion Boards and societies to avoid overyear, through the publication of text lapping on Home Mission fields. books and promoting their use so as to increasingly add to the number of those For the Committee on Home Mission interested in and sustaining the cause of Interests among immigrants there has Home Missions. The farthest horizon been wide scope in the teaching of Engof this perspective is found in the fact lish; in furthering Christian education that the Council has come into being and and Bible study; and, in co-operation is here to apprehend the significant tend- with the Home Mission Council, in work at Ports of Entry. The practical cessaencies and trends of thought affecting tion of immigration since the war has the development of Missions and to seek checked these opportunities and activities, to interpret these intelligibly and con- but the end of the war will bring enstructively to those responsible for lead- larged service for the strangers within ership of Protestant Church women in our gates. relation to Christianizing their own land. The Committee on Day of Prayer ar- The text books for the current year ranges the program for the Home Misare: Senior book "Missionary Mile- sion Day of Prayer in February, and stones," by Mrs. Margaret Seebach and tries to stimulate its observance. "Bearers of the Torch" Junior Book, by Miss Katharine Crowell. Both these Since the formation of the Council books have helpful supplements. Mrs. George W. Coleman has been its beloved and efficient President. Owing The Committee on Summer Schools adds to its general supervision and helpfulness to the existing affiliated schools, recommendations for new centres for such new schools as may seem expedient. The Committee on Home Mission In- terests among Schools, Colleges and Young Peoples' Conferences finds a wide field in effort to present and promote

rgr7] WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to personal reasons Mrs. Coleman de- tion, the efforts for the Christianization clined re-election at the last Annual of our land must not be checked or set meeting. The Council accepted her aside. This land, and its attitude toward withdrawal with great and sincere regret, Christ will be of more importance than but the acceptance of Mrs. F. S. Bennett ever before at the conclusion of this of the election to the responsible office world agony; therefore, while adding all gave re-assurance for the future. The possible service, the chief work of the officers for the current year are: Council must still be for the coming of the Kingdom in our land, and the hasten- President-Mrs. F. S. Bennett. ing of the hour when He shall reign, and Vice-President-at-Large-Miss E. B. Ver- His spirit and councils prevail from shore milye. to shore. Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Recording Secretary-Mrs. P. M. Rossman. MISSIONS AND PRESENT DAY NEEDS Treasurer-Mrs. P. F. Jerome.

Other vice-presidents representing the The Council of Women for Home constituent Boards: Missions, though not itself an instru- ment of executive work in definite com- Mrs. G. W. Coleman, Mrs. Charles L. munities, yet represents a vast influence Fry, Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Mrs. R. touching tens of thousands of children of W. MacDonnell, Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, neglect giving them power to overcome Mrs. Wm. S. Cook. the blighting circumstances of their lives and environment through Christian edu- The Council feels that the present cation and nurture, helping them to live world conditions call for more effort on physically, mentally and spiritually so as the part of every Christian organization to be useful citizens of the nation and and Christian woman. Because America members of the Household of Faith. It must now take her place actively among also interprets Christ and the ideals of the world powers, and because only as Christian patriotism to hundreds of thoushe is herself Christian can she give a sands of aliens in the land, while it Christian message or exert a Christian brings the impulses of new life to back- influence on other lands or peoples, so ward communities and nourishes the must effort for her Christianization be sources of new life and growth for the redoubled. At the recent meeting in Christian church. Washington called by the Federal Coun- cil of Churches to formulate a message To this service of Christian education, from the churches in this hour of uni- of healing, of interpreting Christ and versal catastrophe and crisis, members of Christian standards and ideals to foreign the Federal Council's Commissions and tongued peoples, the constituent groups delegates from Women's organizations of the Council have dedicated themselves -such as the Council of Women for and created effective agencies and ma- Home Missions; the Young Women's chinery for administration. Christian) Association; the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Miss:ons, If this ministry fails irreparable loss and representatives of other bodies not must inevitably follow, so the Council included in the membership of the Fed- believes that the greatest contribution to eral Council were invited to participate the needs of the day is to maintain at a in the sessions. Short reports of planned, high level the work already committed or intended work under present condi- to the Boards. tions were presented bv the invited bodies. The conviction of th~ Council as to its To this end the Council recommends: part and duty was embodied in the following message from the chairman of its First-In view of the fact that large delegates. While the delegates expressed numbers of young men are at present in the earnest desire to co-operate in any army camps, or have been ordered to deservice for war preparations or participa- tached service, such as bridge guarding, protection of factories, and so forth, the

Council urges upon the women of the a full part in promoting Red Cross acmissionary societies that they feel keen tivities in their localities not to divert responsibility for the welfare of those gifts and work of their missionary sociyoung men who are in their immediate eties to other purposes. vicinity, and that they use every endeavor to stimulate their own church and the Sixth-That Home Mission women churches in their community to active co- use their influence in maintaining the operation in providing such social life standards of hours and conditions of and such religious training as will protect labor for women and children that are the soldiers from evil influences. in line with the best social economics, that the gains already made in legislation Second-That to meet this need they along these lines may not be lost. strive that the church parlors may at all times be open to these young men for . Seventh-That the Council would rereading, writing, or for entertainment emphasize the necessity already brought and that these be in the care of such ma- before the public for the careful use and ture and trained people, as shall be able conservation of food and the mppression to help those who come to the rooms. of personal extravagance.

Third-That, as our foreign tongued CURRENT TOPICS IN HOME MISSIONS people are now unusually sympathetic and susceptible to American ideals and Chris- Metal Miners in Coeur d'Alenes tian effort, the work of the Boards among them shall be given eager and full The district called Upper Coem support, that this wonderful opportunity d'Alenes has an enormous output of lead of bringing them the appeal of Christian- and zinc. The population is large and ity and patriotism roay not be lost. The shifting. The work of the churches has women of our sor.ieties and the young been somewhat uncertain, and thus far women of the colleges are urged to ex- no adequate solution for any of the numpress to foreign tongued women the sym- erous social problems has been found. pathy and under.~tanding of Christian people in this time of anxiety and per- Wallace is an attractive town of four plexity and to assist them practically thousand inhabitants. It is the centre of through the teaching of English, home a rich mining district of four canyons, economics and sanitation. each canyon of considerable importance. Including all in the district there are Fourth-That, as the demand for cer- about ten thousand people and perhaps tain classes of labor has brought hun- not one-tenth of them attend any kind dreds of thousands of Negroes into new of religious service. All classes of ·society localities unaccustomed to minister to the can be found here-those who have enpeculiar needs of these people, and as joyed education, culture and travel; the their migration (stimulated by others) middle class, comprising the largest part imposes many hardships and dangers of those who attend church, and the lower upon them, the Council urges the Boards class of whom only a small element comto take whatever steps are possible to paratively are poor, ignorant and shiftmeet this emergency and suggests also less. the need of strengthening all their Negro work at this time, when they are faced Seven miles from here in the Mullen by so much that is difficult and bewild- Canyon lies the little town of Mullen beering in their civic relations. tween the hills. The difference between Mullen and Vallace is very great. Wal- Fifth-That, as the work of Home lace is a city-Mullen a mining town. Missions is one of the greatest patriotic The boys there do not respond to the assets of the country and in view of the same appeals. There are more foreigners irreparable loss that would ensue if the in Mullen–Finns, Swedes, and Nor- Boards turn aside from the work to wegians, and whether people be Finnish which they are committed, the Council or Swedish, Norwegian or Greek, Gerurges missionary societies, while taking man, English or Italian, all understand and respond to kindness and good wilL

THOUGHTS

MR§ SllONARY ADDRJESSJB§ Prepared by THE REV. J. RITCHIE SMITH, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Thoughts on Giving SACRIFICES OF THE NEW TESTAMENT soul and body. The soul, the inner life, is nourished by faith and prayer; the 1. Self. Rom. 12:1. II. Cor. 8 :5. body, the outer life and activity, is sus- 2. Praise. Heb.13:15. Compare the tained by the gifts and labors of its striking words of Hosea, "So will we members. ,render as bullocks the offering of our lips," (14:2). We shall be judged not only by what 3. Doing good and giving. Heb. 13 :16. we have given and done, but by what Phil. 4:18. we have failed to give and do. Dives These are the "spiritual sacrifices, ac- did not abuse Lazarus, he simply negceptable to God through Jesus Christ," lected him. To those upon the left that believers are to offer as a holy priest- hand of the Judge it is said, "Ye did hood. 1. Pet. 2 :5. it not."

*** It was the unfaithful servant who said, "I knew thee that thou art a hard Great stress is laid on the use of man." The less we do the more we commoney throughout the Scripture. Many plain. of our Lord's parables are concerned with it; much of His teaching turns upon it. *** All true giving begins with the GIFT "HONOR THE LORD WITH THY SUB- OF SELF. Every other gift is easy when STANCE" (Prov. 3 :9). This text is we have first given ourselves. There usually made the basis of an appeal for was a man who spoke of my goods, my money, but it may be used in a broader many years; but God called him a fool. way. Honor God in all your dealing with money, in earning, spending, saving, Many a man who sings, "Here, Lord, giving. I give myself away," and drops a penny in the plate does give himself away in a We may so use the riches of this world sense very different from that of the as to lay up treasure in heaven, and make hymn. to ourselves friends who shall receive us into the eternal tabernacles. He who does not put his Lord's money to use is unfaithful as well as he who *** squanders it. The servants in the parable are not commanded to keep the The old inscription is forever true: pound that is entrusted to them, but to trade with it. What I spent I had; What I kept I lost; It is not enough that a man be a good What I gave I have. husband and father, he must be a good citizen, too, devoting some part of his * '* * time and service to the state. The Christian is a member of an organiza- There were many whom Jesus healed tion which stretches round the world, and blessed. Only one of them brought and has his share of responsibility for its him a thank offering, Mary of Bethany. work. He must pray, and serve and give. Others brought spices to anoint his dead body, Mary alone of his disciples The Church, like man, is composed of anointed the living Christ in token of the gratitude that fined her heart. The woman that was a sinner poured the ointment upon his feet in penitence and faith, Mary in thankfulness and love.

GIFTS AND STEWARDSHIP come to God in the true spirit of wor- ship, unless we acknowledge that all we "lfs each hath received a gift, mmls- have belongs to Him. We may give as tering it among yourseh'es, as good a substitute for self-surrender-that is stewards of the manifold grace of God." condemned: or we may give as an ex- (1. Pet. 4:10.) pression of self-surrender-that is ac- cepted. Christ did not die to purchase 1. The gift-not some peculiar or ex- to himself one-seventh of our time or onetraordinary endowment. The strength tenth of our income; he died to redeem of mind and body with which we carry the whole man, body, soul, and spirit, on our daily work is a gift. "What with all that belongs to Him. "Ye are hast thou that thou didst not receive?" not your own; for ye were bought with (1. Cor. 4: 7.) Gifts are many and a price." (I. Cor. 6:19, 20.) varied, for the grace of God is manifold. (Rom. 12:6.) *** 2. The ministry. "Through love be In the world we grow rich by saving, servants one to another." (Gal. 5 :13.) "All of you gird yourselves with humil- in the Kingdom we grow rich by giving. ity, to serve one another." (1. Pet. 5 :5.) OUR REASONS FOR NOT GIVING 3. The stewardship. We are servants of men, stewards of God. "It is Why is it that we who have little to required in stewards, that a man be give are often so slow to give it? Sevfound faithful." (I. Cor. 4:2.) All eral reasons may be suggested: that we have is the gift of God. We hold it in trust for Him. We shall give 1. Pride. We are ashamed to put our account of it to Him. penny beside another man's dollar.

GOD'S NEED AND OURS 2. A real but mistaken humility. 3. We do not appreciate the value of God has no need of our gifts. little things. They make up life, shape "Neither is he served by men's hands, character, form the bulk of our lifework. as though he needed anything" (Acts The poor widow gave more than they 17:25. See also Ps. 50:9-12). We all, because they gave only money, while serve Him by serving His childeen. she gave faith and prayer and love, and these are more precious than gold. Her One of the most persistent and pesti- example has drawn wealth without measlent of heresies is the belief that God ure into the treasury of the kingdom. claims only a part of our time and money, "God weigheth more with how much and that the rest is ours to do with as love a man worketh than how much he we please. It creeps into our religious doeth. He doeth much that loveth literature, invades the pulpit, is taught much" (Thomas A' Kempis). in our Sunday-schools, poisons the lives of multitudes. *** *** "What hast thou in the house?" was the question of Elisha when a poor Whenever a division is made between woman asked him for help. She said God and self, self gets the lion's share. nothing, and if she had stopped there Gold for business, silver for pleasure, the prophet would have wrought no mircopper for the kingdom of God. acle. From nothing nothing comes. But she went on: Nothing but a pot of oil. We cannot give one day to God and It was little, but it was enough. A pot keep six ourselves. The week is a chain of oil with God's blessing will supply of seven links. How can we leave six every need. The miracle taught again of them upon the ground, and lift th" the old law, that increase in every seventh to the skies? We do not give sphere comes by the use of what we God the Sabbath day unless we give Him have. God transforms, multiplies; He every day. The week belongs to God does not create. What we have is the or mammon, not to both. condition, the starting point, of blessing.

We cannot give one-tenth of our in-

fROM MANY 1lNJI))S

ISLANDS OF THE SEA at government expense, receiving during A Church for Filipino Students this time a salary of one-half the regular A remuneration of the positions they take. NEW building, which is a combination church and library, has been For Advance in Mindanao erected on the mission property adjoining EXCEPT for the Episcopal station at the College of Agriculture at Los Banos, Zamboanga, the Island of Mindanao Laguna, in the Philippine Islands. has been assigned, by mutual agreement Elaborate exercises were held on the among the missions working in the Phil- Sunday when it was dedicated. In the morning 125 students met in a Bible ippines, to the American Board. The class, and the evening of the day was varied population of the island, which is appropriately observed by an evangelistic the largest in the Philippine group, in- service. Twenty-nine young men came -ludes the majority of the Mohammedan forward, indicating their desire to be- Moros; a large number of the so-called come Christians, and they have been 1231-Review of World-Eighteen formed into an inquirers' class. There wild tribes, reaching the coast on the are 500 students in the College of Agri- south and stretching away into the un- culture and the School of Forestry at Los explored interior of the island; and many Banos, and the opportunity for religious of the more educated and partly Chris- work among them is large. The mission tianized Filipinos. A commendable be- church has seized the opportunity of ginning has been made with a single drawing the students into its life by station at Davao and another projected building a library and reading room in at the north; but, at the annual meeting connection with the church, which is free of the Board, held in October, it was to all the young men. voted that a special fund should be raised of not less than $25,000, to start a de- Education for Poor Filipinos cided advance in the Philippine work:.

U NDER the provisions of a bill re- Over $5,000 was offered on the spot. cently introduced in the Philippine Such an amount will provide for two legislature, all Filipinos who have four or more children will be entitled to gov- new missionary families for the wild ernment assistance in their education. tribes, the head of one of which should be a physician. It would also make a Parents who desire to avail themselves trained nurse possible. The Board IS of this will present to the municipal making an especial appeal for such a board an application giving the following fund.

A facts: name and residence; occupation; The Marshall and Gilbert Islands number of children; a statement that the applicant is too poor to furnish the chil- FTER two and a half years the dren with an education, with names of American Board has heard from persons who will act as references. Mr. and Mrs. Maas in the MarshalI Under this bill the bureau of education Islands, where he had been practicalIy in- will co-operate to the extent of furnish- terned by the Japanese Government since ing poor children with the necessary they took over the islands from Germany.

school outfit, including textbooks, note- He has been allowed to work under re- books, pencils, penholders, etc. stnctlOns. They have received letter!'

I t is further provided in the bilI that from the Board but were not allowed to Filipino students receiving government write. Mrs. Maas barely escaped death aid will serve the government for one- through a severe burning.

half as long a time as they have studied The American Board has transferred

its work in the Gilbert Islands to the vention appointed a Commission to VISit London Missionary Society which is in a Liberia and that this Commission was better position to meet the needs. This authorized, in consultation with the Prereleases Rev. and Mrs. Frank J. Wood- siding Bishop and the Executive Commitward for work in the Philippines, where tee of the Board of Missions. to add to they will find a much larger field. Rev. its number for the purpose of making a and Mrs. Julius S. Augur have arrived survey of the French Central African in Mindanao and are at work. Plateau with reference to the establish- ment of a mission of this Church there- AFRICA in. Under present conditions, it is im- possible to decide upon the date of de- A Revival Among the Kroos parture. The world war and the inter- nal conditions in Africa combine to REV. WALTER WI L L I AM S render ineffectual an investigation such (Nanah Kroo via Sinoe, Liberia, as the Commission should undertake. West Africa) has for several years been The most that can be done now is to praying for the salvation of a certain complete all necessary arrangements so tribe. Recently he visited one of their as to be ready to start without delay towns and this is what he learned: whenever the way shall be opened."

"One night while the missionary, miles Growth Among African Christians away, was on his knees, a young woman in this bush town dreamed that God T HE Southern Baptist mission in spoke to her and told her she must call Africa reports progress along sevto her people to put away ju-jus and eral lines. In many sections of the every dirty thing and hold God. She African field the chiefs and elders, awoke and with the unquestioning sim- aroused by the fact that so many young plicity of a child began to give her mes- people are deserting old religious cussage. At first disregarded, the Word toms for the service of Christ, persecuted began to catch her hearers and God's relentlessly these young converts. These Spirit took mighty hold. Ju-jus were persecutions, however, have not retarded cast aside, country medicine dug up from the work, but have rather fallen out for all the devil rocks around, and a rude the furtherance of the Gospel. The concross reared before the chief's house." gregations all over the field increased greatly during the year. The spiritual fire has already spread to an adjacent town. In the first settle- The most encouraging progress was ment a church is going up and a Kroo made in the development of self-support. preacher has been put over it, who for Two of the Ogbomoso churches assumed years has preached Christ and lived the entire self-support and a number of the gospel of a clean life in his native town churches, in the Ogbomoso and Oyo without any pay. Four times the fields especially, made a decided advance heathen have broken down his house. in their contributions to the work. One stolen his property, ruined his farm, and of the churches in the Ogbomoso field beaten him. Now he comes to shepherd erected, without any outside aid, the this little flock out in the forest. largest church building in the entire mis- sion and also built a house for the pastor. The Sudan Commission Other church buildings are in progress. The First Baptist Church in Lagos, an "I T has no doubt been a disappoint- entirely self-supporting organization, al- ment to the many people who know though greatly embarrassed by war conof the critical situation in the French Su- ditions, has a credit balance in the bank dan created by the threatened Moslem for the first time in its history. invasion," says a writer in the Southern Churchman, "that no definite plans have The new class which entered the theobeen announced for the carrying out of logical training school last fall practically the instructions of the General Conven- doubled the students in that instItution. tion. It will be recalled that the Con-

FROM MANY LANDS

Work at Port Said to be taken against the depredations of white ants. If the demand for the W HEN 700 Russian sailors landed Bibles keeps up at the present level, the at Port Said, each of them was 3,100 copies will be sold within a year." presented with a copy of the Russian New Testament by the agent of the Nigerian Gifts to Belgium American Bible Society, who has re- ceived a special letter of thanks from T HE effects of the war are world- the Russian Consul. wide, and sometimes they are very curious. Who would have thought some Christian Life in the Congo years ago that people in Belgium would at this time be receiving relief from L UEBO, in Central Africa, is the freed slave children in Nigeria? Yet so principal station of the Southern it has happened. The children in the Presbyterians, who have the largest Home of Freed Slaves carried on by the Protestant mission in the Congo country. Sudan United Mission at Rumasha, To say that there is a congregation of Nigeria, on being told of the suffering two thousand on Sunday, that there is a in Belgium, asked that £1 should be school here of seven or eight hundred, donated from their contributions at Sun- and that there are two services a day day services to the Belgium Relief Fund. attended by nearly a thousand; this is These children are given the opportunity just beginning to tell the story. The of earning money in various ways, and influence of the Mission is felt far and the Sunday collections are a freewill wide. Evangelists are constantly in offering on their part from the money training, but they cannot supply the de- so earned by them. Such an incident mand that is coming in from all around possesses a peculiar interest in view of for more workers. the attitude formerly displayed by some Belgian subjects towards African natives At the saw-mill the men work until in the Congo. twelve, handling logs and lumber and then they have prayer-meetings and The "Sasswood Test" school until they start to work again at 1 o'clock. One of the workmen leads THE depths of heathenism with which the meeting and teaches school. On missionaries in Africa have to con- Wednesday and Sunday nights there are prayer-meetings all over the village. tend are illustrated in the following These meetings are all the more re- story from Angola, West Africa. markable because the natives started them without any suggestion from the At Condo, our farthest outstation to missionaries. the south, about thirty miles away, the workers have had much to try their A Load of Bibles in the Bush faith. The people are of the Songo tribe, considered almost inaccessible to A RCHDEACON DENNIS of Ebu, the Gospel, glorying in their wicked- Owerri, describes the arrival of a ness. One of our Christians moved to consignment of Bibles: "News is brought this spot. He was weak and frail to the mission station that cases have ar- physically, but a real work of grace had rived at the nearest point to the river. begun in his heart. He found the sur- Imagine a line of 124 African carriers, rounding country being depopulated each with the regulation load of sixty from what is known as the "sasswood pounds on his head, walking in single file test." Some one is accused of witchalong the narrow track through the bush. craft, and in order to establish his guilt Twenty-five Bibles in a tin-lined case or innocence he is required to drink a made a load, so that the porters carry poisonous concoction. If he vomits it up 3,100 copies. One hundred and twenty he usually lives, and is considered innocases take some stowing away when stor- cent j otherwise he is speedily subjected age room is limited and precautions have to torture until he is dead.

The drink is prepared from poison- communication with the outside world is roots with the addition of a powder almost cut off. made from parts of the body of victims who have already died. As soon as the But from time to time news filters breath leaves the body it is mutilated, through that reveals the worst possible the flesh dried and pounded to a powder conditions. It is authoritatively stated in a mortar. that from 100,000 to 250,000 have died from disease, starvation and exile in the MOSLEM LANDS province of the Lebanon alone. In Syria proper as many more may be added to The Log of the Caesar the death roll. An eye witness tells of passing through village after village I NTEREST in the U. S. S. Caesar sent where the only sound he heard was that with a Christmas cargo to the starving of his own footfalls, and where the only people of Syria is revived by the receipt live things remaining were the sparrows at the Navy Department, of the log of building their nests in the depopulated that historic cruise. It contains a thrill- houses. ing story of adventure and anxiety in a delay at Alexandria, Egypt, which partly A special correspondent in Switzerland destroyed the romance of the enterprise, of an Arabic paper in N ew York writes: but has not diminished the prospect of . ultimate success. Beginning its voyage "The land is without medicines and with a slight collision in New York Har- doctors. If one is ailing ever so little, bor, the Caesar encountered a near hurri- the only relief is that which death af- cane in the middle Atlantic. So severe fords. And if there were medicinal re- was the northwester that, upon arriving lief there is no food to nourish the at the Azores, it was necessary to restow emaciated bodies. I do not exaggerate the cargo and to give the men some rest when I say that almost everyone alive and liberty. The remainder of the jour- in Syria today is at least partially de- ney was uneventful until Alexandria was mented because of the awfulness seen on reached on January 19, where it was every side." found to be impossible, on account of the German submarine menace, to proceed Jewish Massacres in Palestine to Beirut and discharge the cargo. An examination of the cargo by Lloyd's T HE Turks have turned their eyes agent revealed that little damage had from the Armenians to the Jews, the been done, all being covered by insurance. race reported to have been the greatest While the American Committee is con- friend of the Moslem government since sidering the sale of the stores in the the deposing of the Sultan. It is said the Caesar's hold, which can be effected at Turks, enraged by the plans fathered by any time at a greatly increased valuation, Jews throughout the world to make of it is possible that these stores may be held Palestine a republic of Zion, have begun ready for delivery the moment the way killing large numbers of Jews in Jaffa. A is open. Need for food will become so cablegram to the provisional executive great that promptness of action will be an committee for general Zionist affairs in important consideration when the time New York city states that 8,000 men, comes. In case of sale the proceeds will, women and children of many nationalities of course, be cabled for use locally in the were forced from their homes in Jaffa on affected regions. April 1. The roads leading from the city were thronged with starving people, some Only the Sparrows Left dying by the roadside. Mutilated bodies of rich Jews were found on the sand I T is extremely difficult to get news dunes, the message said. Two Jews were from Syria. The censorship of the mails hanged "as an indication of the fate in is rigid, the missionaries and even the store for any Jews who might be so consuls cannot say what they might, and foolhardy" as to oppose looters. Bedouin Turks and women sacked the Jewish homes as the dwellers departed and all

FROM MANY LANDS

valuables were stolen. Mohammedans Crimea and Southern Russia have sent and Christians were permitted to remain representatives, as well as the Caucasus in Jaffa if they had individual permits, provinces. As soon as they leave school, but all Jews, even those who were Aus- the students find business openings invittrian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Ger- ing them. The populations of these magman, were ordered out. No free trans- nificent mountain districts and broad portation was afforded, but every fleeing prairies are remarkably heterogeneous, person who paid from $20 to $30 in gold but remarkably similar to the national was provided with carriage space for elements in Asia Minor. There are nine miles to another town.-The Con- Greeks in both, so also Turks or Tartars, tinent. Georgians, Armenians, Circassians; some are Moslems, some Christians. All of Americans Appreciated in Turkey the national elements of the college con- stituency in Asia ]t1inor have their rela- T HE impression which the personali· tives under the Russian flag, and this ties of some of the American mis- makes it easier for students from the sionaries in the Turkish Empire have north to come over and feel at home. made upon the officials is evident from the reports which are now coming to Before the outbreak of the War there the American Board of individual kind- were about fortv Russian citizens in the nesses shown. college, and, with the keen sense of young men for future values, there were over The German consul at Sivas has been fifty members of the Russian club and most kind to Miss Graffam, who now re- students of the Russian language. The mains alone at that point, and the Turk- college is seeking an increased endowish governor recently sent her a present ment, in order to make ready for the of flour, sugar, coffee, tea and oil-a great opportunity which will come :with boon indeed. When Dr. Cyril Haas, of the close of the War. our International Hospital at Adana, was ill of typhus, the imam (Mohammedan Robert College-Past and Future priest) and several Turkish notables went to the doctor's house and offered THE cabled news of the closing of prayers for the recovery of "the Doctor Robert College has been the occaeffendi, who cannot be spared from the country." He is reported out of danger. sion of a tribute to the institution by Dr. Miss Davies being also ill, an official James R. Barton in the Congregationalcaused ice to be brought by night from ist: Tarsus for fighting the fever, and this apparently saved her life. Liberty of As in the case of Marsovan College withdrawal was given by way of Con- whose buildings were requisitioned last stantinople, Bulgaria, Austria and Swit- May, the Turkish government will use zerland, and quite a large party, mostly the buildings for temporary military purwomen and children from Talas, Smyrna poses only. It repudiates any intention and Constantinople, have taken advan- of permanent confiscation. tage of the offer. Mr. Peet, the Board's treasurer at Constantinople, prepared the For fifty-four years Robert College missionaries throughout Turkey for the has been giving to the young men of break two weeks in advance, the Turk- Turkey and the Balkans an education ish censor co-operating. of the broadest type. The college from the beginning attracted the attention Russian Students in Turkey not only of the Western world but ot A NATOLIA COLLEGE, in Marso- van, Turkey, like all missionary Asiatics who visited that great capital educational institutions in the Near East, of the Near East. It has stood conspichas a very cosmopolitan body of students. uously as a monument to American phil- But its special opportunity seems now to anthropy and has unquestionably inbe a guide for the new Russia. The spired gifts to other educational insti- tutions in Turkey and In the Farther East.

Robert College may be regarded as the mother of other colleges in Turkey

that have had as many students as A Sad Baptismal Service Robert College and have, in their own REV. E. T. ALLEN, of Urumia, in a circle and sphere, exerted an influence no three weeks' itinerating tour in westless wholesome and potent. Among these are the International College at ern Persia, found many opportunities to Smyrna, Euphrates College at Harpoot, minister to people who had endured Central Turkey College at Aintab and countless hardships for Christ's sake. Anatolia College at Marsovan. The harassed Christians eagerly wel- The work of Robert College has not comed the missionary and the evangelisterminated, but faces a new era when, tic services he held drew all. At the less hampered than heretofore by local communion service, in one village, the conditions and in still closer relations largest room was used, and it was with the great number of nationalities crowded to overflowing. that have centered during the centuries in Constantinople, it will accomplish still But the most touching service was the greater things. This College and the baptism of twelve children. Woman's College have closed for the summer. One was dressed in what was left of a lace curtain-doubtless found among the loot. "Another," says Mr. Allen, "was dressed in a gunny sack, and a Relief Work in West Persia third in the flounce of a castoff .Cossack cloak, with one brass button showing the SOON after his arrival in Urumia. imperial eagle of Russia. Others had , Dr. Edward M. Dodd wrote: "Dr. garbs of unmentionable character, and McDowell took me out from Dilman on some-judging from the extent of their a circuit of three or four villages at raiment-were doubtless presented for one of which he preached to an open immersion." Nearly all the mothers were air congregation of the mountain fold. refugees who had been robbed of every- It was Sunday. That colony is fairly thing, including their clothes, and many typical of the conditions on the Salmas' who had brought their children did not plain. As you know, the refugees are have even enough to cover their own scattered around in the various villages bare skin, though the weather was cold and housed in all sorts of ways. At and raw. One poor woman had become this particular place they were using so deadened and heartbroken that when a pretty good sized mud-walled build- the missionary asked what name he ing. Adults, children, bedding, fuel, should give the child, she answered in- fodder and cattle were impartiallv differently: "Anything you like, sahib.

huddled into the available space. In His father is dead. It makes no rliffer- these rooms scores of people eat, sleep, ence."-The Continent.

harbor their few remnants of possessions and generally manage to exist. To be The Red Triangle in Mesopotamia sure the people are in rags and their lot is forlorn enough. but most of them look THE Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is now conducting its work healthier than I would expect. They would simply starve, however, if it were for the troops at forty-seven different not for the relief from other countries. centers in Mesopotamia. Lectures on Their condition is a tribute to what has the country, its past and its future, are been done. It is touchin~ to see the wav keenly appreciated, and the winter pro- these poor people so far from home-and gram covers a series of such lectures, bv they have a real love for their wild moun- members of the Political Service and tain regions that make this exile much others. "Outposts of Mesopotamia"; more than a matter of physical want- "The Economic Future of the Land"; hang around Dr. McDowell and call "The Bagdad Railwav"; "The Land: down all manner of Oriental blessings Its History and Geography"; "My on his head. There is no doubt of their Wanderings Amongst the Arabs" ; "How appreciativeness. " to Recognise the Different Classes of

FROM MANY LANDS

Arabs"-such are some of the subjects So runs a letter signed by Rev. J. C. which have been arranged, and already a great deal of lecturing has been done R. Ewing, D.D., as Moderator of the upon Islam and upon Biblical aspects of General Assembly of India, which, after the country. describing the strong feeling aroused in India by the Canadian attitude, goes on In a score of places where the lec- to say: turer gave a simple illustrated talk: on the "Life of Christ," often with a very "Non-Christian India, as represented poor lantern to show the pictures, there by her educated classes, sees in this total was a crowd of from 500 to 1,000 men prohibition an insult to her self-respect listening breathlessly to the old story that and a denial of the rights of a common is ever new. The same experience is humanity. It has served as fuel to the repeated Sunday after Sunday. strong racial feeling which threatens to mar the happy relationship necessary for A Rajput's Ver~ict the well-being of the two races so mys- teriously brought together by Providence, A YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN and no less necessary for the sympathetic ASSOCIATION secretary at reception of the Gospel by India-its work among the troops in Mesopotamia, principal presentation being largely by writes: "I am working chiefly in the foreign missionaries, and its principal base general hospital. In our morning professors being western nations. The rounds we take papers, magazines, books, situation is thus a serious one for miswar gifts, and distribute them among the sionary work." patients. The men will be anxiously waiting for us, to request us to send a The Presbyterian Church of India money order or a parcel, or write an application, or change the book they were THE Presbyterian Church in India is reading for a new book. They trust us the body resulting from the union in implicity, and they think that the Association secretary has the correct infor- 1904 of five churches, United Free mation about everything in the world, Church, the Established Church of even about the war. The respect we get Scotland, the Presbyterian Church in is overwhelming-salaams all along the the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church of way. One day a Rajput, who had been Canada and the Presbyterian Church of sent to the hospital from the firing line, Ireland. These five churches, constitutcalled me, and in the true Indian fash- ing thirteen presbyteries, and divided now ion started with my salary, family, etc., into four synods, met in an annual Genand then he told me that the Young eral Assembly for the first four years Men's Christian Association people are after the union. Since 1907 the meetthe only ones the soldiers love in this ings have been biennial. great war, and if he is well again he is going to corne back to Mesopotamia to At the present time the Presbyterian do voluntary service with the Associa- Church in India represents a total Christion." tian community of 92,678. This is an increase of 12,739 over the previous year, INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON or of nearly 14 per cent. The total num- ber of ministers in the thirteen presby- Canada and Indian Immigration teries is 262.

" 0 N behalf of the Presbyterian The statistical reports presented at the Church in India we venture to ac- last General Assembly indicate a steady quaint our sister Church in Canada with growth during the last decade, during the difficulty that has arisen in our mis- which the number of candidates for the sionary work as a result of the recent pro- ministry has doubled, the number of eldhibition of Indian immigration in the Do- ers also doubled, the communicants inminion." creased nearly 50 per cent., the baptized community more than 400 per cent. and the contributions of the congregations more than 100 per cent.-The Continent.

India's National Missions never brought to us for "treatment be- cause of the results of the habit (for the THE report of the National Mission- parents are honestly unaware of the con- ary Society of India gives an inter- nection between cause and effect) but on account of some special ailment, inesting account of the first ten years' work. directly due to the drug. In most cases The inauguration of the National Mis- it is quite obvious what is wrong with sionary Society was welcomed by all those the child. who had been waiting anxiously for a deeper sense of responsibility toward the "It is gratifying to find in how many non-Christians by the Christian Church cases the mothers are willing to carry out in India. The Society was constituted treatment when the condition is exa common platform for uniting Indian plained to them, and to see how quickly Christians of all denominations and prov- the little patients respond, unless the inces in the cause of the evangelization of case is hopelessly advanced." India. The pages of the report contain many interesting incidents in the work An Indian Adopts a School that has been carried on in the five fields in which their workers are principally REV. ALDEN H. CLARK, of engaged, and there is very much to be Ahmednagar, tells an interesting grateful for. story of a devoted Indian Christian: The results of the period may be Rambhau is a sturdy, middle-aged briefly summarized. Missionary work is carried on in five unoccupied parts of Christian, of the village of Khandala, India; thirty workers are serving in eight miles from Ahmednagar. He and various capacities in the mission; there his wife had a great sorrow-their childare 1,200 church members; educational lessness. For years the Christian comwork is carried on in seven schools; two munity in Khandala had been in a morisuccessful dispensaries are conducted by bund state, but some time ago Rambhau trained doctors; one English and several decided that he would give the village vernacular journals are published under mission school and church the place in its auspices. In each field there is evi- his life which a child would have taken. dence of a deep earnestness among the And so he set about "adopting" the workers, an earnestness which has re- church. A mission night school was sulted in gratifying response from the started and oil was needed for the lamp. people. Rambhau supplied it, saying nothing to anybody. The attendance at school was Opium for Indian Babies poor and irregular until Rambhau de- cided to see to it that the parents sent A WOMAN missionary doctor in their children. Since then there has Jaipur, India, contributes to M edi- been no trouble. The teacher was a bit lazy and neglectful of his duties, but cal Missions in India an interesting with the kindly, vigilant eye of this unarticle on a custom which does untold lettered villager constantly upon him, harm to the children of India. She says: there is now no chance of his shirking his work. Scarcely a week goes by that "The habit which prevails in Jaipur he does not walk the eight miles to the State of drugging infants with opium is missionary's bungalow and back again, widely prevalent, I fear, throughout In- bringing some suggestion for the school dia. I shall only speak, however, of and church-his "adopted child." what comes under my immediate notice. Probably forty per cent. of children be- A Co-operative Bank in India tween the ages, approximately, of three months and two years, are given regular- A NEW cooperative bank, called ly, morning and evening, a small dose "The Christian Central Cooperaof opium. The drug is given in the tive Bank, Ltd.," with offices in Madras, form of dried extract, procurable in the has recently been started. The object bazar at a trifling cost. Children are

FROM MANY LANDS

of this bank is to lend money to Chris- SIAM and LAOS tian cooperative credit societies, and thus to help in the uplift of the Christian Prince Visits Mission Schools community. N EXT to the king the most Im- The Young Men of India comments portant personage in Siam is the very warmly on the pian, and says: field marshal of the Royal Siamese army, Prince Bhanurangsi, and when he makes "Every Christian worker in the Presi- a visit to any city it is an occasion of note. dency should join in this enterprise by So when he sent word in the winter that becoming a share-holding member of the he would visit Nan, the inhabitants spent bank, and thus get personally interested days decorating the streets with 'arches, in it, so that through this medium the palm leaves and flags. The prince arbenefits of the undertaking may be made rived in royal pomp, and was received by available to every Christian village and the officials of Nan, the princes and their community throughout the Presidency. wives, the leading citizens and the mis- The conditions of membership are so sionaries. While in the city he made easy that it is within the reach of all to trips to various temples and places of affiliate by taking at least the minimum public interest, and finally visited the of one 'B' share." missionary schools. He had expressed a wish to see the boys of the Kenneth "A" shares are valued at 250 rupees Mackenzie Memorial school at work, so (about $83), while "B" shares are only classes were in session when the royal one-fifth of this amount. Very liberal visitor arrived. He was greatly pleased terms of payment are allowed. with what he saw, and on leaving made a gift to the school of $100 in gold. He Do Missionaries Die Young? also made an offering to the medical work of the mission hospital, as well as T HE Christian Patr'iot of Madras to the girls' school.-The Continent. quotes a discussion of this subject by Rev. D. D. Downie, of the American The People of Malaysia Baptist Mission, N ellore. Confining himself to his own station, he gave a nega- ONE of the interesting mission fields tive answer. N ellore has the reputation of the Methodist Episcopal Church of being one of the hottest stations in South India. The temperature is known is the Netherland-Indies district, emto have been 118 degrees in the shade. bracing Java, Sumatra, West Borneo, That is exceptional, but a temperature Bali and Banka. The Dutch, of course, well over 100 degrees is quite common form the official class in this district, during six months of the year. Three the natives are Malays of various tribes missionaries, including Dr. Downie, have and there is a large Chinese population. been in charge. The Rev. S. S. Day died The Chinese are perhaps a million in at 63, the Rev. Lyman Jewett at 84, and all, of whom about five hundred thoushis widow has just passed away at the and are in Java. They are an interestage of 91. Dr. Downie is 76 and still ing, intelligent people, many of them hale and hearty. These three lives, the rich, and all touched by the spirit of third not yet completed, cover a period progress. of 223 years; and if wives are added the total is 465 years, or an average of 77~ One of the lowest tribes of the nayears. Dr. Downie himself has been 42 tives is the Battaks. They were canniyears at N ellore and may reach a more bals only seventy-five years ago, but half mature age than his predecessor. He of them have been converted to Chrissays, "Young missionaries who come to tianity by the Rhenish and Rotterdam India with sound constitutions and who missions, and cannibalism has wholly exercise moderate care should look for- ceased. Probably before many years ward to living to a good old age." have passed all of them will be Chris- tianized except those that are Moham- Thus is dispelled another traditional fear about the ill health in mission lands.

medan. They are a fine people physic- has been translated and printed in the ally, black, but tall and well-formed, Lao character, together with eleven while many of the women are beautiful. books of the Old Testament.

The great body of the natives of these "Lao scriptures and tracts from our islands are Mohammedan, and are less mission press have found their way into approachable by Christian missionaries every part of Northern Siam. During than are the heathen. :Most of them are the past twelve years many thousands illiterate. of copies have gone Into Kengtung State, Burma, British territory. In the last "I Have Been to Hell" two years thousands of portions have gone beyond British territory into Yun- A STRANGE story comes from Siam man, the southwest province of China." of a woman, out in the jungle who, -Assembly Herald. after lying for three days in an open coffin, while her friends gathered around CHINA to mourn her, suddenly regained con- sciousness and told her story. Strangers in Shanghai "I have been to hell," she said. "I REV. E. G. FITCH, of Shanghai, was in a dream. I saw two angels guard- . finds a great opportunity for serving paths in the jungle. I tried to get ice among the Koreans who pass through past one of them, but could not. An irresistible force drew me toward the China on their way. The United States other side and the other angel let me admits Koreans without a passport-the only people from that side of the ocean through. I walked a long way and came so honored. Just now there are about to a place of torment. I saw Buddhist 200 Koreans living in and passing priests burning to a crisp. I will never through Shanghai, and at least half of go near a Buddhist priest again." Soon afterward she said to some mis- them are members of Korean churches. sionaries, "I have been to hell. I have They have been holding services in the seen who are there. Now I wish to be- Chinese Young Men's Christian Assocome a Christian, as I believe that Chris- ciation, with one of the number as leader, and there is an average attendance of tianity is the way to heaven." After forty. Mr. Fitch has been called upon learning the meaning of the Christian faith, she received it and has since been several times to preach for this group, instrumental in winning many souls to speaking through an interpreter, and oc- casionally he administers the Lord's Sup- Christ.-Assembly Herald. per. He has performed one marriage oA Useful Mission Press ceremony, and makes himself useful for all pastoral service possible.

NE of the greatest factors in the Shanghai has among its permanent successful work of the North Siam population more than 100,000 Canto- Presbyterian Mission is the mission press, nese who speak a dialect that cannot be of which D. G. Collins, of Chieng Mai, understood in Central China. They are writes: "Four times in the past twenty- like strangers in their own country, liv- five years it has been necessary to en- ing in a city noted for its worldliness large our buildings. and temptations. Among them are a "In 1892 our total force consisted of number of Christians.

the manager and three native boys, all On the initiative of Dr. Mary H.

without previous experience. For several Fulton, an independent and interdenom- years past we have employed thirty men inational church known as the Canton- and women. Our equipment at the time ese Union Church of Shanghai, was or- of opening was anything but complete. ganized in November, 1915. Nine de- Today in every sense of the word it is an nominations are represented in the mem- up-to-date plant. bership. The Church is in a flourishing "The whole of the New Testament condition and does a much needed work.

FROM MANY LANDS

What China Fears From America from which the students are drawn, such as: "I cannot read" ; "We also worship T HE Peking Daily News solemnly Heaven and Earth"; "I'm afraid of per- warns the capitalists of the United secution"; "If one does good, that is all States of the danger they run in "enter- that is required"; "I have no time"; "I ing an economic alliance with Japan at am too poor" ; "We have our own sages, the expense of China." why should we believe in Christ?" and many others. These excuses are posted It says: up beforehand so that the men may pre- "We find an insuperable objection to pare for their seriatim discussion in the American money and Japanese class. Each student has a note-book with brains' form of co-operation. It will not one objection heading a page, under pay American interests to link themselves which he writes down those Scripture up with interests that reck nothing of references, arguments, proverbs, and il- Chinese feeling or rights. American en- lustrations, which during the discussion terprise in this country stands remark- impress him as being effective. The ably free from the taint of inconsiderate teacher criticises, sums up, and supplecommercialism, perhaps freer than that ments the results at the close of the of any other nationality. The highest study period. It is refreshing to see the American interests can only be conserved interest that is aroused and to note how by the maintenance of the American varied and helpful most of the suggested tradition. 'Evil communications corrupt good manners' internationally as well as in private and personal life, and it is to methods of dealing with the difficulties be hoped that American capitalists will are.

realize this. The history of the past few Simplified Reading for China months shows that it is not necessary for American interests to be entrusted to "THE complete revolution of the Japanese manipulation. Several loans, a written language and printed page big railway building contract, and other by no means negligible pieces of business of China is a stupendous task now stand to the credit of American enter- facing the missionary," writes Mrs. prise unassisted by Japanese cerebral con- Elizabeth F. Brewster, Superintendent volutions. There is no necessary conflict of the Rebecca McCabe Orphanage, of interest between gray matter and clean Hinghwa Methodist Mission. "The old hands."-Literary Digest. system is so difficult that not more than five out of a hundred Chinese can read Training for Soul Winners a book or newspaper with ease and pleas- ure. The Chinese Board of Education THE China Inland Mission has been is realizing this and is corning out on conducting a Bible Institute in the side of a phonetic system such as is Hungtung, Shansi Province, North now used in Hinghwa. This year our China, at which over forty men who mission schools have used the Romanized have shown fitness for Christian work and Prepared Bible Lessons, which apare being prepared for further useful- peal to the children. Our next step is ness. The principles governing open- to be science readers. A literary Chinese air work, street chapel preaching, shop- man said that it would take twenty years visitation, station class and Sunday- to learn sufficient characters to read the school teaching, are explained. Instruc- sixty-six books of the Bible. After one tion is given in the art of personal soul- year's study of the phonetic system a winning and its importance is empha- Chinese could read the Bible with ease."

sized. The objects in view, the condi- Working Together in Hangchow T tions for success, and points of contact, ANGCHOW is one of the most having been pointed out, the teacher progressive cities of the "new proceeds to deal with the cornman objec- tions and difficulties met with in the area China," and there are at work there the

Northern and Southern Presbyterians, high officials in the various government the Northern Baptists, the Church Mis- boards. In view of the present agitation sionary Society, the China Inland Mis- among the military generals, who are sion and the Young Men's Christian advocating the official and government Association. Most interesting develop- recognition of Confucianism as the state ments in the line of union work are religion, Mr. Wang's attitude is fine.

taking place. For example, Hangchow He believes that Christianity will win, Christian College, conducted for forty if this suicidal war does not check it years by the Northern Presbyterians, is too seriously.

now a union institution under the two Heathenism As It Works Out Presbyterian missions. It is controlled by a board of directors consisting of E VERY day in the country tingles three missionaries from each mission, and with interesting new experiences, three Chinese chosen by the Synod. things entirely unknown before, unex- The most important union work, pected church problems of discipline and however, is the Hangchow Union interpretation, new fields of study, new Evangelistic Committee, which is com- cases to tax one's faith-experiences to posed of one male missionary from each keep one from drying up." So writes mission, one Chinese man and one Rev. C. E. Scott, of Tsing-Tau, Chini!.

woman (either Chinese or foreign) from He continues: each church organization or mission, and "For example, on one day I was in a one representative from the Y. M. C. A. temple where the coffin makers and fur- All members serve for three years. skin sellers were worshipping the same deity. Determiner of the winter winds, This committee has been responsible and each class praying for a different refor various valuable pieces of work, and suIt; the former that the winds would is now planning for a special evangelis- blow from the southeast (which would tic campaign. A British missionary, son mean unnatural warmth with subsequent of the late Bishop Moule, and a Chinese wide-spread sickness booming their busi- Baptist minister, both especially gifted ness) ; the latter, that the winds would along these lines, will speak in each blow steadily from the northwest, 'cold church by way of preparation for the enough to freeze the hair off a brass campaign. The aim is to revive Chris- monkey,' What a peep into certain tians and enlist as many as possible in phases of heathen religion this gives! In personal work, and thus reach outsiders another temple the priests were directthrough both the regular and special ing the manufacture of intoxicating liqmeetings. uor from sweet potatoes. What that A Bible Class of Officials suggests can be imagined from trying to think what it would be like if a Protes- REV. W. REMFRY HUNT, a mis- tant minister in America should direct sionary of the Christian denomi- the manufacture of intoxicating wine, nation in Chuchow, China, recently and that in his own church auditorium.

had a conversation with Mr. C. T. Wang, the vice-president of the Senate Pioneering in Yunnan T in Peking, whose work as a Yale gradu- HE Presbyterian Board has recently authorized its mission in North Siam ate, and as a secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, has already to open a new station at Chieng Rung, been described in the REVIEW. Mr. Yunnan Province, China, a field for Wang represents the new element of which some of the missionaries have been progressive religious and political reform praying for about twenty years.

in China. He teaches a select Bible Probably a million Tai, with a knowl- study class every Lord's Day morning edge of the same character used in North in the capitol. The members of the Siam, live in southern and western Y un· class are members of parliament and nan, several hundred thousand of them

FROM MANY LANDS

in easy reach from Chieng Rung where Shorthand for the Chinese in some villages 70 to 90 per cent. of the THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign men read that character. These people Missions has received the following are wholly without the Gospel, and for them as well as for the Tai in Siam the interesting news item: North Siam Mission feels a peculiar re- "A system of Chinese shorthand has sponsibility. beent invented by Mr. K. V. Dzung, a Evangelist Nan Kruang, of the Nan native of Shanghai. The whole system City Church, offered to go to Chieng contains but 39 signs of which 15 are Rung, saying: "With a heart full of vowels and 24 consonants, and yet the ingladness I would beg to be the substitute ventor 'claims that every Chinese charfor the Nan Church to go with Drs. acter is indicated, while a speed equal to Dodd and Mason to teach the religion that of most English systems, that is 150 of Jesus Christ in Chieng Rung. If the words a minute, can be attained. He ministers and doctors and the Christians says that the course can be mastered as think it fitting I would be ready to un- readily as any and can be used in condertake this work, even if my wife and junction with the newly invented Chinfamily cannot go along. I would be will- ese typewriter. The value of such a ing to substitute for the Church for a system of writing in Chinese cannot be year. If it does not seem fitting, let it overestimated because of the great numbe according to the mercy of the Lord." ber of characters in the Chinese alphabet, -Assembly Herald. and not only that but they cannot be written rapidly owing to their compli- Idol Processions Begin Again cated construction. Mr. Dzung acquired his English shorthand through an Amer- A REVIVAL of idolatry is noted by ican correspondence course, and is plan- Rev. O. C. Crawford of Soochow, ning to open a Chinese correspondence China. He writes: school of shorthand with headquarters in "This is seen in the revival of the Shanghai."

great idol processions which had practi- cally stopped at the time of the first revo- JAPAN-CHOSEN T dlurteidosn,gOa.lnlldginthe J apanese to the sapcilrgerdimmaoguenstaol. lflshau• nnd- A Great E vangeI1· st famous temples, of which there are sev- HE story of Rev. Paul Kanamori, eral in our country field. The very at- once a member of the Kumamoto mosphere in which we have worked has Band, then for many years an unbeliever, been different. The people were just as and now a devoted Christian again, has polite and even as friendly as before, but been told in the REVIEW, and reference one could not help but feel that he was has been made to his powerful book on working against a force which he had not Christianity. Recently he has had re- felt for some years. Everything indicates markable success in his evangelistic work, that now is the time of crisis in China. and an account of his methods may be "This is not a subject for discourage- of interest.

ment but a signal for renewed effort. His first service in a place IS only for Unless some radical change occurs in the Christians. At that time he talks to political situation I believe we have be- them for about two hours, enlisting their fore us the greatest opportunity we have support for the future meetings. Circu- ever had. A republic is far from being lar letters outlining the work he wishes a panacea for all ills, much less will it them to do have already been sent ahead furnish a plan of redemption, but it will to all the Christians some time before he remove fear and give a freedom of be- reaches the place. The remaining nights lief and practice which a monarchy could he preaches to non-Christians, taking not. And this will be quickly noted in from two to two and a half hours for the country places where superstition and his message. He tries to give the main fear are most easily and fully felt." teachings of Christianity, emphasizing

the teaching about God, sin and salva- English school four years ago he used to tion through the atonement of Christ. come to me on Sunday evening and we He then makes his appeal that they ac·- read the Gospel of Mark together. His cept Christ as Saviour and Lord. Few, elder brother with whom he lived opif any, preachers in japan preach so posed his Christian interest and forbade simply and expect immediate results. He him to read the Bible in his house. One works only where there are churches to winter morning, therefore, this earnest follow up his work and train those who lad got up at five-thirty and studied have made the decision. his Bible for an hour out in the cold by the light of an electnc lamp under a The Danger of a Compromise bridge. Later, becoming impatient with his brother's persecution, he ran away to A CCORDING to Rev. Albertus Kobe, found work in a store, and was Pieters, of Oita, japan, one of the later sent to the branch office in Seoul. greatest problems in Japan today is a In November I sent him a picture postcomparatively new one. He says: card of my Inner Circle Bible class which prompted him to take the final "With the increasing number of men step and join the Church." in public life who become Christians on the one hand, and a strong reaction in Moderator of Korean Assembly favor of maintaining the ancient institutions on the other, there has arisen a de- T HE Presbyterian Church of Korea sire on the part of the authorities and of is the name under which is united many Christians to find some workable the work of the Australian Presbyterians, compromise. The constitution of the country guarantees religious liberty, but U. S. Presbyterians, U. S. A. Presbythe government wishes the ancient rites to be kept up, and of recent years has terians and Canadian Presbyterians. The insisted that school teachers take their present moderator of the General Aspupils to the temples to do reverence. To sembly of the combined church is Rev. gloss over the inconsistency of this posi- C. P. Yang. Mr. Yang twenty years tion, the government declares that the ago was the only evangelist in his provshrines are not religious institutions, but ince, where there were only 200 or 300 are intended to keep alive the memory of Christians. In the same district there the illustrious dead and that to worship are now 30,000 Christians. The church at them is not a religious act. of which Mr. Yang is moderator has a total membership of 150,000. There are "Already in more than one influential over 3,000 organized and unorganized Christian quarter one hears voices in churches, 120 ordained pastors, 650 eldfavor of compromise on this issue. ers and 300 evangelists. During the year just closed these native churches raised "A missionary naturally hesitates to be for their own expenses $100,000. During confident when japanese Christians dif- the vear 9,000 were baptized. fer among themselves as to the character and significance of certain ceremonies, for Mr. Yang is described by those who I know now from experience that a cer- know him best as a "Scotch" Presbytain line of uncompromising argument terian. He is now pastor of the largest will appeal to a japanese of intelligence church in the northern province of Korea. who desires to do what is right." The attendance at Mr. Yang's church is about 1,500, and when he does not face The Final Step Taken 1,000 members at the prayer meeting Wednesday night he is greatly disap- GEO RGE GLEASON, Young pointed.-The Continent. Men's Christian A~sociation secretary at Osaka, Japan, writes in Foreign Korean Bible Conferences Mail: "A letter has come from Seoul T HE missionaries in Korea are agreed that the cornerstone of their work saying that another friend had joined the lies in the system of Bible Training Church. This young man had a remarkable experience. While a student in our

FROM MANY LANDS

Classes, which is in vogue throughout the and enjoyment. It is to be a great afcountry. The plan was originated almost firmative system, instead of a merely at the commencement of mission work in sterile negative one. Korea, and the land is today honeycombed with these unique gatherings. Raymond B. Fosdick, the chairman, They are annual Bible Conferences lasting for a week or ten days, modelled discussing the work of the Commission, somewhat along the lines of the Keswick has this to say: and Northfield Conferences, but devoted more exclusively to the study of God's "The Commission has two distinct Word than either the English or Amer- functions: First, we are charged with ican gatherings. Instead of there being the responsibility of keeping the Secreone such Conference for the Christians tary of War informed as to conditions in of Korea, there are no less than a thou- training camps and the zones surrounding sand throughout the country. First there them. Secretary Baker is determined is the local conference held in a single that the training camps shall be as free church for the Christians of that com- from vice and drunkenness as it is humunity. Then there are scores of district manly possible to make them. In the secclasses, where the members of many ond place, our task is to co-ordinate the groups will gather together for a week different agencies that are seeking an of Bible study. Finally, there are more opportunity for service among the soldthan a score of general classes, where iers. Weare operating as a clearing sometimes 1,000 or 1,200 Christians house to eliminate the waste and comgather from long distances to listen to petition of overlapping organizations, at God's Word expounded by the mission- the same time stimulating rational rearies and leading Korean teachers. The creational facilities." Koreans frequently walk a hundred miles or more to attend these gatherings. They A Million for Red Cross pay all their own expenses, and then for ten days revel in the study of God's T HE multiplication of war councils Word. and war funds in the United States is one sign that Americans are taking the NORTH AMERICA war seriously and are planning for a seri- ous and prolonged struggle. The Red To Protect Training Camps Cross War council has raised $100,- 000,000 to help the wounded, sick and I N the United States the problem of suffering. This is a small amount in camp evils is to be attacked in a way comparison with the actual needs. Tuand on a scale never undertaken in the berculosis in France, and lack of supplies world before. Greatest emphasis is to in Russia make the situation more seribe placed on prevention, on effective ous. Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge promaction before the fact, instead of after ised to be one of twenty-five to give it. To achieve this, to evolve a new $1,000,000 each. While millions are kind of soldiers' training camp, is the fighting for the cause of liberty and task of the newly appointed Federal righteousness and others are doing con- Commission on Training Camp Activi- structive, moral and spiritual work ties. among men and women, it is fitting that those unable to help in other ways should Immediately around the camps will be give largely to relieve suffering and to zones, according to the plans of the Com- save life. mission, to bar out infections and alcoholic excess, but the aim will be, in fol- What would have been the result if lowing out the later principles of psychol- Christian men and women had been as ogy, to withdraw, so far as possible, the thoroughly aroused in the cause of Christ attention of the soldier from the rigid as they are in the cause of their country? restrictions of the zones by the organized Millions of men and money withheld presentation of better means of recreation from service are now being poured out like water. The resources of America have scarcely been touched.

100 Years of Home Missions Dr. Worth M. Tippy, who has just taken charge of the Washington office of IN 1817 John M. Peck, the first Bap- the Federal Council, made a detailed re- tist home missionary, was sent to the port on measures which the council is taking to secure proper chaplains for the West. At Cleveland in May the de- increased military and naval forces. nomination accordingly celebrated the completion of one hWldred years of Bap- The convention also considered meastist home missions on a national scale. ures to hold standards high while war is Field Secretary L. C. Eames reviews on. It sent to Congress a delegation some of the outstanding features of the headed by Governor Milliken of Maine work of the centennial rear. to insist on suppression of liquor making and liquor selling as a measure of na- The work for negroes made marked tional defense. And in several utteradvance in the right direction, a number ances the council voiced the protest of of schools having completed building the churches against legislation which funds, or paying off indebtedness. In would let down labor standards now. the work among foreign-speaking peoples there was a marked development in the Educating the Eskimo missions for Rumanians, the beginnings of a church among Serbians in Detroit, ONE of the latest magazines to apand the opening of the Russian Bible In- pear is The Eskimo, a new monthly stitute in New York. Special efforts have been made to reach foreigners in various magazine published in the interests of the industrial centers. Eskimo and of northwestern Alaska, from which we quote the following: On specific fields in Latin-America the conspicuous items of the year were, in "The Eskimo by reason of his inherent Porto Rico, the consolidating of all evan- qualities and because of his geographical gelical periodicals under the editorship of position is fit and able to survive, and by Juan Cepero; in Cuba, the overcrowding our system of education for him we are of the school at Cristo; in Central Amer- making him not only more fit to survive, ica, the purchase of a good lot within but he will be a vital factor in the detwo squares of the capitol in San Salvador velopment of northern Alaska. and the sending of two new men and their wives into El Salvador; in Mexico, "The key-note of our school system the greatest revival in the history of the for the Eskimo is its direct relation to Republic, with some 700 conversions, and the village life. Thus the school republic the practical completion of a splendid becomes the village council, the school hospital at Puebla. garden soon becomes the village garden, the cooking-class becomes the bread-bak- A War Council of Christians ing class for the village, the clean-up of the school ground becomes the· village T HE special war meeting of the Fed- clean-up, the bench-work for the boys' eral Council of Churches, held in class becomes the boat- and sled-building Washington in May, "was virtually a center for the village. And, most striktypical cross section of American Pro- ing of all, the schoolboy who is sent to testantism on its highest intellectual and the reindeer herd as an apprentice, in moral levels." The American Bible So- four years becomes the trained herder, ciety outlined its plans for the distribu- the supporter of his family, and a future tion of the Scriptures to soldiers and leader of his people." sailors. The plans of the Young Men's Christian Association were stated much LATIN AMERICA as they have been already outlined in THE REVIEW. The Young Women's Evangelistic Campaign in Porto Rico Christian Association promises to start work for women close to all mobilization A RECENT evangelistic campaign camps hoping to purify conditions. carried on by the united efforts of several of the denominations at work in Porto Rico resulted in over six hundred

IgI7] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

public profession~ of faith in Christ as a EUROPE personal Saviour. In one small town it After the War-What? was prophesied there would be fifteen conversions, but the number reached one REV. JAMES BLACK, of Edin- hundred and four. In another town all burgh, who has served as chaplain stores were dosed during the men's. for two Scottish battalions, thinks that meeting that all might attend. In all the real period of thoughtfulness will places many preparatory prayer meetings come after the war is over, when men were held, and results were seen in the have time to look back, weigh things up, awakened interest in spiritual things. and see everything in its true proportion.

That much is being done in the de- That will be the day of the Church's velopment of Christian character in opportunity.

Porto Rico is evident from the work car- In The Missionary Record he raises ried on week by week at each station. some very serious questions as to the ef- One missionary writes in the Home Mis- fect which army customs will have on sion Monthly: "At our regular month- the after life of the men. He says: ly temperance meeting an interested "What effect on conduct after the war audience of sixty young men and women will the rum ration (a fairly potent were present. Nine different persons spirit) have on the thousands of young presented pictures of the destructive lads, many of whom have never tasted power of the rum traffic and the neces- intoxicating liquor before? I am certain sity that this island be freed from this that, even militarily, it has had a ruinous great evil. They did so in an intelligent effect on the men when given in the usual way that proved they had given thought doses before a big action. The vitality of to the subject, and spoke with a forceful- a wounded man, with little in him except ness that promises well for the success rum, is seriously lowered, and the effects of any attack made against wrong cus- of exposure are greatly increased. But toms or habits." afterwards? What about the new habit Plans for Union in Brazil and acquired liking? Then again- T HE irresistible trend toward union "Sunday doesn't exist in the Army. A and co-operation in mission fields chaplain holds his services any time and was strikingly exemplified a few weeks anywhere he can get them, and, speaking ago in Brazil, when representatives of personally, I have had more services on the five evangelical denominations at week-days than on Sundays. What efwork there met and drafted plans for a fect will three years of such life have on Christians and the Church?"

Union Christian University and a Union What Spain Needs Most Seminary. The conference was called by Dr. W. A. Waddell, President of Mc- pROFESSOR UNAMUNO, of the Kenzie College, and was participated in University of Salamanca; has writ- by twenty-six missionaries-Methodists, ten a letter on the religious needs of Baptists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Spain, quoted in the Record of Christian and Disciples. They were a unit in Work, in which he says: agreeing upon plans for the co-ordination "Spain needs Christianizing. The of educational missions in Brazil, head- lowest forms of paganism persist, sanc- ing up in two great union institutions. tioned ordinarily by the Church. I went The plans have been laid before the sev- through towns and cities preaching eral denominational Boards interested against lying, which is the thing that and their approval requested. It is sig- kills us. The people heard me respect- nificant that the movement originated on fully. Two years ago they considered the field and was worked out entirely by me mad. They begin now to take me the missionaries. This is the kind of more seriously and I hope with the help statesmanship that is greatly needed in of God to make them hear certain things all the mission fields at home and abroad. calmly. Barbarous intolerance corrodes

us and especially the fear of the truth, the Gospel Ship, which was built for the fear of confronting mysteries, the special work among the people inhabit- fear of thinking for one's self. People ing the islands of the Inland Sea.

here are accustomed to accept everything. Captain Bickel held a high place in They seek only dogmas, formulas, re- the affection of missionaries of every de- o ceipts. Spiritual laziness exposes us to nomination, and in the confidence of all kinds of excesses. The scandal must Japanese of every class. All these will cease that in a so-called Christian land mourn him, and government officials will 9,999 out of 10,000 have not read the consider that an influential factor in the Gospel. Rather is it used-the Latin promotion of international good will has text-for cutting into pieces, locking in been removed.

embroidered m 0 n ey- purses, stringing around the necks of children as amulets Henry Otis Dwight or taken internally by women who feel ON Tuesday, June 19th, the Rev. Henry Otis Dwight, LL.D., died the coming pangs of childbirth."

OBITUARY NOTICES suddenly at his home in Roselle, N. J.

Rev. H. L. Morehouse of New York Dr. Dwight was born in Constanti- nople, Turkey, in 1843; prepared for col- REV. HENRY LYMAN MORE- lege there, entered Ohio Wesleyan Uni- HOUSE, D.D., LL.D., who died versity, but left it in 1861 and was a sol- May 5th in Brooklyn, N. Y., in the dier in the United States Army during eighty-third year of his age, had been for the Civil War up to 1865. Later he was thirty-eight years connected with the ordained to the ministry of the Congrega- American Baptist Home Mission So- tional Church and returned to Constan- ciety, first as Field Secretary, and then tinople as a missionary of the American as Corresponding Secretary. Board his work being to a considerable Four achievements of his denomination extent editing publications of the Turk- which bear the mark of his personality ish language in that Mission. In 1901 are an organized, enlarged, and vitalized he returned to America, and in 1907 be- Home Mission Society; the organization came Recording Secretary of the Amer- of the first National Baptist Education ican Bible Society. His chief life labor Society, out of which grew the Uni- was literary work in the Turkish lan- versity of Chicago; the General Conven- guage. He was the author of several tion of the Baptists of North America; books, including "Turkish Life in War and the Ministers' and Missionaries' Time" (1881), "Constantinople and Its Benefit Board which, though started but Problems," and the "Centennial History six years ago, has funds amounting to of the American Bible Society," published nearly $900,000. in 1916.

Captain Bickel of Japan Mrs. Henry H. Riggs of Turkey T HE Christian movement in Japan, T HE American Board reports the and especially the Baptist Missions, death in Harput, Turkey, on April have sustained a great loss in the sudden 27th, of Emma Barnum wife of Rev. death of one of its best known and most Henry H. Riggs, at the age of fifty beloved missionaries, Captain Luke W. years. Mrs. Riggs was the daughter of Bickel, who for nearly twenty years gave Rev. and Mrs. H. N. Barnum, former himself with rare devotion to the work missionaries of the Board, and was born on the islands of the Inland Sea. in Turkey, though educated in Amer- ica. With her husband she has re- He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in mained bravely in Harput for the last 1866, and in early life went to sea, three years, enduring the strain for the in time becoming an officer on one of the sake of the service to be rendered. Her trans-Atlantic steamers. After his con- death means a sad loss to her family and version he engaged in Christian work in to the Armenians. England, until he was called in 1898 to take command of the "Fukuin Maru," Brazil Today and Tomorrow. By L E. based upon beginnings already made. Elliott, F. R. G. S. Illustrated, maps, Altogether the volume makes good its 5%x874 in., xi, 338 pp. $2.25. The claim to being an extensive survey of Brazil today and a striking forecast of TMacmillan Co., New York, 1917. the country's future. HE author, who has spent years in South America, is now literary edi- tor of the Pan-American Magazine. We In the Land of Ararat. A Sketch of the in the North forget what his volume so Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Freeman Barclearly shows that Brazil is another rows Ussher, Missionary to Turkey and United States with an area almost as a Martyr of the Great War. By John extensive as our own, including Alaska; that it has 4,000 miles of seacoast, 9 tis Barrows. Illustrated. 5~x774 an incomparable system of waterways, In., 184 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1916.

thousands of square miles of primeval BIRTH in Turkey and life in a New forests, vast deposits of untouched min- England parsonage were good start- erals and millions of acres of grassy up- ing pOlints for the brave and gifted wom- land waiting for the farmer and stock- an whose story is told here by her raiser. He is mainly interested in dis- father, who has perhaps for the reason cussing the material side of this vast re- that she was so near to him failed to see public, and missions are conspicuous by the largeness of her life as related to the absence of practically all mention of world propaganda.

them. Even religion calls forth only a At the threshold of her missionary few paragraphs, about as illuminating as life she met with adventures which al- St. Patrick's chapter on snakes in Ire- most cost a vice-consul his life and which land. The author practically says that brought into the foreground a young mis- Brazil has no masculine religion. He sionary doctor, resourceful and daring, tells us that women and negroes are the who six months later became Elizabeth church-goers, while the educated men are Barrows' husband. Two-thirds of the sufficiently French to be satisfied with volume chronicle the events of her mis- agnosticism and in the far South with sionary life. It was a simple one like Comtism. Religious toleration naturally that of her Master "who went about follows such indifference. doing good," though Mrs. Ussher per- For its main objective, the volume is formed most of her tasks in her home to be commended. After the introductory and in Van. Here the bloody attacks chapter, mainly geographical, and those upon the Armenians brought 5,000 ref- on Brazilian history and colonization, ugees to her door and later a thousand the body of the book takes up social con- Turkish women and children. Aiding ditions which are reminiscent of those in her, after the Russian occupation of Van, Paris and the Iberian peninsula, with the was a daughter of the novelist Tolstoi.

negro and primitive element superadded. The sending home of her fourteen-year- The Indian is but little removed from old son, from whom she never heard his old stone age and cannibalistic life, again, was a prelude to the parting from and promises little in the development her husband through an attack of typhus of the republic. Early water communi- which seized them both, and from which cation and execrable roads are yielding she did not recover.

to automobile highways demanded by It is regrettable that the author's fa- cheap machines from the United States, miliarity with Turkey has kept out of and railways and shipping are making the story so much of the interesting Lev- rapid advances. While we know Brazil antine background and the intimate chiefly from its coffee and rubber, Mr. views of Mrs. Ussher's ministrations Elliott's chapter on its industries is al- which would have relieved the volume of most startling in its array of possibilities its prevailing commonplace and made his daughter's history more attractive to the Tahan, Out of Savagery Into Civiliza- reader. tion. An autobiography, by Joseph K. Griffis. 8vo, 263 pp. with illustra- In the Heart of India. The Work of tions. $1.25 net. George H. Doran the Canadian Presbyterian Mission. ACo., New York. By J. T. Taylor, B. A. Illustrated, N amazing story that reads like maps, 5Yzx7Yz in., x, 225 pp. 50 cents. romance, and yet is true. Arthur Board of Foreign Missions, Presby- C. Parker, State Archaeologist of New Tterian Church in Canada, Toronto, 1916. York, writes the introduction and HE "Heart of India" is the Native vouches for the trustworthiness of the State of Central India, its western narrative. Mr. Parker followed Tahan's section, where the Canadian Presby- trail through the West and had from terians for almost forty years have won the lips of the Indians with whom Ta- their way against many obstacles and han lived and from captives with whom have made the jungle blossom as the rose Tahan bunked in tepee and barracks, -in certain garden beds which they have confirmation of the story. Tahan is the cultivated. How they did it-the story Indian name of the Rev. Joseph K.

of the Campbells in Rutlam among the Griffis, a Presbyterian clergyman, former rolling plains punctuated with lIat hills, pastor of the South Church of Buffalo.

and of Dr. Buchanan who won the heart His father was a hunter, trapper and of the aboriginal Bheels by the lure of scout, famous many years ago on the kindness and medicine, and the later an- frontier under the soubriquet of Cali- nals which tell of the triumphs of educa- fornia Joe, companion of such men as tion, culminating in the first grade col- Kit Carson and Buffalo Bill. Tahan's lege at Indore which even admitted girls mother was an Indian woman of the -are told in detail, though with little Osage tribe, and was killed by a Kiowa color because of the brevity of the book war party. The boy was brought up and for the reason that apparently it is among the Kiowa Indians, and the story primarily intended as a study-class text- of his boyhood is vastly interesting. He book. took part in Indian sports, was initiated The methods used include all those into Indian mysteries, and in time him- common to Indian missions, with leper self became an Indian warrior. He work in addition. The account of the served as scout and interpreter for Canadian Presbyterian policy of not pay- United States troops, deserted, was cap- ing native pastors with Board money and tured, sentenced to death, and escaped.

Mr. Taylor's summary of reasons for Years after this episode, a Christian and church unity in India are among the a minister, Mr. Griffis was able to ob- comments very helpful to students of tain an official pardon for his military missions. The Indian replies to the ques- offense. In his development out of sav- tion asked, "Why am I a Christian?" agery, Mr. Griffis first found friends in and the testimonies from eminent men the Salvation Army in Canada. Ar- as to the value of missions in India rested with other Salvationists, he was are both interesting and profitable. One sent to prison, where he learned to read wonders after reading what the book has and write. He became an officer in the to say of Mass Movements, some of Salvation Army in Toronto. His phe- them not far removed from their own nomenally alert mind and habits of in- field, why this Mission has not attempted dustry in self-education presently quali- to do the same thing by methods akin to fied him for the ministry. After serving those employed by the Methodists. While as assistant pastor and engaging in rescue a total Christian community of 3,126, of mission work, he was admitted to the whom 1,048 are communicants, is not a Presbyterian ministry in which he has small reward for four decades of service, had commendable success. His style is it compares very unfavorably with the vivid and colorful. His observations on returns of the Methodists for the same racial differences and life in general are number of stations. shrewd and thought-provoking. Through the Jews to God. A Challenge. o~uhso., Lelo is introduced as a mere child at a palaver, is given as a slave giri B~ ~. C. Kirkpatrick. 8vo, 157 pp. with Illustra~lOns. 2s. 6d, net. Society In ~eturn. for a jug taken from a neigh- AfLoorndPorno,m1o9t1i~ng Christian Knowledge , bormg chief. Marriage to a man whose lo~e was negligible, his death leaving two BRIEF popular study of the Jewish chtldren to solace her, flight to her childpeople by one who knows them and hood's home only to find that her mother who hopes and believes that in time Jew ha~ perished in a fire following the and Christian shall see eye to eye and pOlson ordeal, a second marriage to a work together as equal partners in the polygamous husband-a subordinate govspiritual conquest of the world. The ernment official, a miserable experience chapters on The Promised Land, Origin ending in her own silencing of enemies and Dispersion of the Hebrews Sources by successfully drinking the poison cup, of Judaism, and Divisions within J uda- the coming of increased misery when a ism, effectively present the Jewish back- child wife was added to her husband's ground of Christianity. The chapter on harem, his anger when she resented his Doctrine, Custom and Ritual fills in the gift of part of her garden plot to the atmosphere of the national portrait. The bride and the resultant suit at Barna author confronts the problem of the before the Belgian official, her liberation disintegration of Judaism, a condition from slavery and from submission to a clearly perceptible in every land where husband whose many wives gave her re- Jews have liberty of commerce, education lease by the new law, the reversal of that and intermarriage. He believes that decision through the bribes of her purthe European War is drawing Jew suing master, her return home and sepand Gentile together. We are all fa- aration from him, her real love for a miliar with the tragedy of the persecu- Christian and her subsequent marriage; tion of the Jews, but we are not so -these are the main events of the story. familiar with the fact to which Mr. Midway in the tale the Christian messag~ Kirkpatrick adverts, that in the East End comes to her, and from that time onward of London-and probably elsewhere- the Gospel and the ever watchful, help- the Jew in his inner thinking looks ful missionaries form the bright lining of down upon the Gentile. In answer to ever lowering clouds. The story is as.

those who oppose Christian efforts at full of ordeals and the woes of polygamy Jewish evangelism, or who are indifferent as Mary Slessor's biography is of CaIa- to the subject, the author is not only bar twin tales. While the book lacks ~nti~ely evangelical but equally logical the naive charm of Jean Mackenzie's in- m his argument. He reminds us of the terpretation of Bulu life, it has the same Christian program, that "repentance and intimate touch with African experience.

remission of sins should be preached in It suffers from the free use of native His name, unto all nations, beginning at words which are often untranslated.

Jerusalem." He does not allow us to forget that Christianity owes much to The World, the Church and the Devil. By John A. Morgan. 12mo. 198 pp. Judaism and that we who are true $1.25. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916.

Israelites spiritually, hold our treasure I rows Ussher, Missionary to Turkey and N the form of an interesting story, a not alone for ourselves but also in trust Presbyterian pastor of New Bruns- wick describes the social and theological for the Jew. The book contains the full conflicts of the church. The author dis- credits the religion which demands an list of authorities quoted and an ade- orthodoxy of faith rather than orthodoxy of life. Sometimes he obscures the disquate index. tinction between true and false grounds for belief and the relation between faith A Congo Chattel: The Story of an Afri- and life. The emphasis is on righteous- can Slave Girl. By Rev. Henry D. Campbell. Illustrated. SYzx7y,( in., 213 ness. PP. $1.25. Christian Alliance Publish- Ting Company, New York, 1917. ~IS t~le of wom~n's lot and suffer- mgs m the Belgian Congo is sub- stantially true, though names are fictiti- New Books on Missions Mormonism, the Islam of America. By Our Work in the Orient. Edited by Bruce Kinney. 12mo. 210 pp. $1.00. N. G. Prescott. Pamphlet. 256 pp. Fleming H. Revell. New enlarged Women's American Baptist Foreign edition. Missionary Society, 1917.

From Romance to Reality. By Henry Literatura Escogida. Pamphlet. 78 pp. C. Mabie. 8vo. 396 pp. $2.00. 1917. $ .20. Committee on Co-operation in Latin America. Franklin Spencer Spalding. By John Howard Melish. Bvo. 297 pp. $2.25. Library of Christian Co-operation. Re- The Macmillan Company, 1917. ports of Third Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council of Churches. Six The New Archeological Discoveries. volumes. $5.00. Single volumes, $1.00 By C. M. Cobern. Bvo. 698 pp. each. Missionary Education Move- $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls, 1917. ment, 1917.

The Devil in Modern Society. By J. W. The Immigrant and the Community. By Grace Abbott. 303 pp. 8vo. $1.50. The Lowber. 20B pp. $ .50. Standard Century Company, 1917. Press, 1917. Alaska, the Great Country. By Ella Hig- The Revolt in Arabia. By C. S. Hur- ginson. 8vo. $2.50. The Macmillan gronje. 16mo. 50 pp. $ .75. G. P. Company, 1917. Putnam's Sons, 1917.

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New York, 354-3&0 Fourth Ave. – Londoa, 134 Salisb…" Sq. 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals t DR. FRED B. FISHER plans to sail August 2nd on a tour of investigation of India's edu- i cational system and its relation to the Mass Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Fisher will also visit Japan, Korea and China. f MRS. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD, widow of the pioneer missionary to Korea, herself the I first medical missionary to that land, and physician to the empress, has returned to Korea with her son and his wife, where they will all be engaged in educational work in Seoul. J REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, recently a missionary of the Presbyterian Board in Persia, ;I has received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Marietta College, Ohio. Dr. Labaree is a graduate of this college and of Princeton Theological Seminary. He has recently found i it necessary to leave the mission field in Persia to take up work' in Ameriea. I DR. J. A. McDONALD, distinguished editor of the "Toronto Globe" and "world citizen," delivered the Cole lectures at Vanderbilt University. The series included such themes as I "The Law of the World's Good Will," "The Conflict of Ideas" and "The American Idea," and many who heard him have been given a new conception of the righteousness of Amer- ~ ica's cause. I BISHOP WILLIAM F. OLDHAM, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, arrived in New York from South America on June 26th. t ARTHUR RUGH, B. A., after seven years of administrative work in America with the i Foreign Department of the International Association, has returned to China as National Student Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. Previous to his first term in I China he was Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. I EDGAR M. MEDLAR, M. D., has been commissioned by the Yale Foreign Missionary Society for service at Changsha, China, in connection with the "Yali" Medical School and t Hospital. The Yale-in-China movement has been described by a Chinese wit as "New Heaven in China." In twelve years a plant, faculty and student body have been developed i equal in size to what it has taken Yale in America one hundred years to produce. .

MISS TSAI, a Bible woman of the Nanking Station, China, has been remarkably successful in carrying the Gospel message to her less fortunate sisters.

DR. TIMOTHY RICHARD, called by the scholars of China "Li-ti-mo-tai," has very largely helped by his personal efforts to forward the Reform Movement in that country. The books he prepared in the Chinese language gained for the Christian message an entrance into the official circles of China when other methods of approach had failed.

SIR JOHN KENNAWAY, BART., C. B., for thirty years president of the Church Missionary Society, has felt constrained to resign this office in view of the new and difficult problems opening out before the Society.

MR. WELLESLEY C. BAILEY, founder and superintendent of the Mission to Lepers, after forty years' work, has resigned his position because of advancing years. He is to be succeeded by MR. W. H. P. ANDERSON, formerly the Secretary for India.

XIII

THE MISSIONARY MARK ON THE MAP Chap! MENTAL In &re~l'I of memorizing PHY~ICAL In dailY abnegatIons Loeate also MORAL In unwonted. 8elf-coflQu~t .,your own Board Trdil of IItatIOTlS. Wrought in the" R,wel' with God"

o SUGGESTIONS FOR MISSION STUDY CLASSES For use with the Text books on Africa-Drawn by Miss F. p. Bennett SOLDIERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN A REFRESHMENT "HUT" NEAR THE FIRING LINE WAITING IN LINE AT A FRENCH Y. M. C. A. CANTEE N I N FRANC E ONE OF THE SOCIAL CENTERS NEAR THE TRENCHES IN FRANCE England's finest women are hostesses to soldiers A Y. M. C. A. BIBLE CLASS FOR GERMAN PRISONERS OF W AR- SOMEWHERE IN ENGLAND MEXICO'S NEED NOT CROSSES BUT THE LIVING CHRIST Our The only Lord god many of the Mexicans Poison know WAYSIDE CROSSES IN NEW MEXICO .. Crosses there are in abundance, but when shall the doctrine of the Cross be held up? ..

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