The Missionary Review of the World — September 1934

1934

The Word of God in Korea William N. Blair Fifty Years Ago and Now H. H. Underwood Pioneering in Nevada Today A. G. Shriver Experiment in a Japanese Village Irene Reiser The Cross and the Crescent in India Murray T. Titus A Missionary Wife in China Mrs. James P. Leynse

"PROPHECY!! :'i Dates to Remember CHINA SECONDARY

SCHOOLS September 4-9 – National Baptist Convention. Okahoma City, Okla. The situation in the secondary mis- September l2-2l-United Church of sion schools in China is especially crit- Canada, General Conference, Kings- Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something ical, notwithstanding the fact that ton, Ont., Canada. they are crowded to capacity. These prophetic students never do without after seeing schools are for the most part depend- ent upon fees received from students one copy. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 and are receiving very small subsidies, if any, from the mission boards. They September 29-Fifth Young Women's BROOKS PUBLISHERS also have fewer missionary teachers than heretofore. The result is a con- Congress for U nit e d Lutheran Z003 Addison Way Lo. Angele., Calif. siderable decrease in the proportion of Church. Dayton, Ohio. Christian students and a noticeable loss in the Christian tone of many in- September 30-0ctober 3 – Ninth Bi- upon non-Christians was the testi- stitutions. This is having its effect ennial Convention of The Women's monial meeting held in Batlagundu. upon the proportion of Christian stu- Missionary Society of the United dents in the colleges and universities. Lutheran Church. Dayton, Ohio. *** It is increasingly recognized that Christian teachers alone cannot keep September 30-0ctober 7-Religious Dr. Henrie A. Junod, well known an institution Christian. The cooper- Education Week. missionary of the Swiss Protestant ation of a considerable proportion of Mission, died April 22, at Geneva, Christian students is essential.

October 4-13 – General Conference Switzerland. Dr. Junod was the au- So critical is the situation that, not- Evangelical Church. Akron, O. thor of "The Life of an African withstanding the fact that the Asso- Tribe." ciation is faced with a decreasing in- October lO-20-General Convention of come, it has been decided to call an the Protestant Episcopal Church. *** additional Chinese secretary. The Atlantic City, N. J. new secretary will concentrate on the Mrs. William Ashmore, an honor- secondary schools. October l7-United Lutheran Church ably retired American Baptist mis- in America. Savannah, Ga. sionary, who lived and labored for JAPAN nearly fifty years in Burma and December 4-7-Federal Council of China, died on June 29, 1934, in Santa In view of the closing of the second the Churches of Christ in America, Ana, California, at the age of eighty- period of the Kingdom of God Move- Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. two. Dr. Ashmore died a number of ment, training conferences for Chris- years ago. tians and enquirers have been planned Obituary Notes for ten areas, of which three were held *** in April and May in Northern Kyushu, John S. Chandler, D.D., veteran the Tokyo-Yokohama district and the worker of the American Board, died Rev. William Nesbit Chambers, Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe dstrict. The con- June 19th, in Madura, India, after a eighty-one-year-old veteran in mis- ferences considered the Christian mesdistinguished career of 55 years. He sionary work under the American sage in relation to problems of eduwas one of the organizers of the South Board of Commissioners for Foreign cation, social and industrial life, and India United Church, bringing the Missions, died in Syria on August 8th. international relations. Christians of five different denomina- He was born in Norwich, Ont., and was tions together. Dr. Chandler served graduated from Princeton College in II If you use as the head of a committee to bring 1876 and from the Union Theological out a new Tamil dictionary; he made Seminary in 1879. Dr. Chambers first PRINTING a Tamil revision of the New Testa- served as a missionary in Erzerum, ment, and put the Old Testament into Turkey, from 1879 to 1900, and was YOU will profit from an acthat language; he published in Eng- connected with the Cetnral Turkey quaintanceship with us. We lish a history of the American Board Mission at Adana Station until his re- do the job complete in our own Madura mission, a history of the tirement in 1922. Dr. Chambers con- plant, whether it be large or Jesuit Mission in Madura and a biog- ducted extensive relief work while in small. raphy of his father. Dr. Chandler Erzerum Province. After moving to supervised the churches of Madura Adana he was appointed president of While our specialty is Books, for many years and also taught at the the International Relief Commission. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Pasumalai Theological Seminary. we have a variety of modern I. M. C. AT SALISBURY equipment to meet all the re- Rt. Rev. Wa*lter* H*. Overs, retired quirements of your particular The International Missionary Coun- job. You will find our service Bishop of Liberia, died at his home in cil held an Ad Interim Committee prompt, careful and courteous. Jamestown, N. Y., June 17th, in his meeting (July 21st to 24th) at Salissixty-fifth year. He went first to West bury, England, by invitation of the Will you allow us to estimate Central Africa as a missionary of the Bishop of Salisbury. Dr. Mott, who on your next printing? We be- Wesleyan Methodist Church, and there had just returned from his African lieve you will be delighted with established 35 churches and schools. tour, gave a very impressive report of our product, price and service. After an interval of ill health, and his visit to South Africa and the then a period of pastorates in New Congo. The EVANGELICAL PRESS York State, he was ordained to the priesthood of the Protestant Episco- The finances of the Council require Printer. of pal Church and was made Bishop of careful consideration, in view of the The Missionary Review of the World Liberia in 1919. general finahcial condition of mission- ary work throughout the world. Re- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE When he entered the territory about ports were made on the progress made Third and Reily Streets Hlrrl.burs. PI. 50,000 of the 250,000 Ijebus were for carrying out the mandates of the slaves. His fight against the traffic meeting held in 1932 at Herrnhut. aroused the slave traders against him and caused several attempts to kill Invitations have been received for him, once by a poison ring, again by the next meeting of the full committee the fanning of poison vapor toward of the Council, from Holland and his eyes. With the aid of the British Great Britain, and India. The sug- Government he eliminated the slave gestion has come that the next meeting traffic almost entirely. of the committee should be held in the East, in view of the rapid develop- ment and change in conditions in the great eastern countries, and the im- Rev. M. S. Ta*ylo*r, *Chairman of the possibility of important action being taken with regard to these fields ex- West Local Council of the American cept by a meeting held in the East at Board Mission at Madura, died March which an adequate representation of 15th, at the age of fifty-five. An evi- the younger Churches would be pos- dence of the influence of a Christian sible.

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor International Missionary Council, reached London on July 19 after a VOL. LVII No.9 Wherever four months' tour through the South Your African Union, Northern and South- SEPTEMBER, 1934 Mission ern Rhodesia, and the Belgian Congo. He presided over an Ad Interim Com- publication and Business Office A SUPERIOR EDUCATION mittee of the Council at Salisbury. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. He has since returned to America in FOR YOUR CHILD good health. Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Missionaries all over the world are turning to *** Entered as second-class matter at the Calvert School in Baltimore for the education Dr. Fred B. Fisher, because he feels Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act his place is out in the world, has reof March 3, 1879. of their children. No matter to what section of signed the pastorate of First Method- the plobo. ~our duties may carry you, your chil· ist Church in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. dren ~ tramIng may go forward uninterruptedly. where he has been for the past four years. He will fill engagments in the Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Thts famous school for twenty-etght years has Philippine Islands during January and February, 1935; China and Japan Published monthly, except August. educated pupils at long distance by means of well· in March and April; Singapore in All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. pl~nned COurses of study, arranged so that parents May; New Zealand in June and part wl~hout teaching experIence may instruct their of July; Australia from mid-July to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- the end of September. After that he LISHING CO., INC. chtldren by the most modern educational methods. will return to Boston as his headquar- ters, to carry out the same type of BOARD OF DIRECTORS There are courses from kindergarten to high work in this country, ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. OHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President school. The usual elementary subjects arC in- *** WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary terestmgly . presented by expltcit daily lessons. Dr. Charles L. Goodell has retired SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT from his administrative responsibili- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The addttlOn of many cultural studies such as ties with the Federal Council of WM. B. LIPPHARD Churches. His friends desire to per- ERIC M. NORTH history of. art, astronomy, nature study, etc., as- petuate his work, and started a MILTON T. STAUFFER "Charles L. Goodell Evangelistic A. L. WARNSKUIS sures a nch. well-rounded education that com- Fund" to guarantee that in the Fed- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER eral Council "there will always be a pares more than favorably with that given in the successor to Dr. Goodell in carrying on the evangelistic emphasiS." best schools in America. Calvert pupils often *** save a year and enter high school with adv:ilnced standing. Dr, George Pitt Beers has resigned the pastorate of the First Baptist The Kindergarten Course, including lessons, Church in Paterson, N. J., to become Executive Secretary of the American Editorial Chat teacher's manual and equipment costs $10.50. Baptist Home Mission Society, to suc- ceed Dr. Charles A. Brooks who died We have received many encourag- From First Grade to aHt ig$h40.S0c0hoeoal~h,couinrscelSu are in 1931. ing comments on our special "Orien- sold in yearly units ding tals in America" number (June issue). *** Have you ordered copies for your mis- lessons, books and supplies. V. M. Hillyer, origsion study classes? If not, order now Rev. and Mrs. Edward B. Haskell, before our supply is exhausted. Spe- Inator of the Calvert home instruction courses American Board missionaries in Bulcial price for orders in quantities. Re- garia, have been honored by King member that this June number tells of wrote the delightful books, "A Child's History Boris III. To Mrs. Haskell he gave Christian work among 250,000 Chi- the "Dames' Cross of the Order of .nese, Japanese, Filipinos, and East of the World," "A Child's Geography." Civic Merit, Second Degree," and to Indians in America. Dr. Haskell the "Commanders' Cross, Calvert School Facts for Parents Order of Civic Service, Third Degree," *** the latter usually being given to no I. Gives complete education at home to chil. officer below the rank of commander The October number of THE REVIEW dren 4-12 years old. of an army unit. will be devoted to "Japan and the Christian Movement." It will have an 2. Provides rich cultural and scientific back- *** unusually strong series of articles by ground. Japanese and by missionaries. Dr. Harold McAfee Robinson, for- 3. Starts with Kindergarten. First Grade to merly Assistant Secretary of the Pres- *** HIgh School covered in six years. byterian Board of Christian Educa- tion, will succeed Dr. W. C. Covert as Are you helping to increase interest 4. Enables children to work at speed best general secretary of the Board. in the work of Christian missions? sutted to their ability. You can do it very effectively by win- *** ning new readers for THE REVIEW. 5. ~~~~~1Z~s.all textbooks, materials, full in- We need your help and so does the General Higgins plans to retire work. Here is what some of our sub- 6. Gives personal, friendly, helpful guidance from the position of Chief of the Salscribers say: by letter and encourages originality. vation Army on November 10, 1934, his seventieth birthday. This will "We thoroughly appreciate the RE- 7. Has thousands of pupils all over the world. bring to a close more than fifty years VIEW and feel that it is getting better 8. Priced surprisingly low. of active association with the Army, and better with every issue." 9. May be started at any time. of which he has been head for the past INABELLE G. COLEMAN, Editorial Sec., 10. Special rates for group. five years.

Foreign Mission Board, Southern Send coupon for full information about the *** Baptist Convention, Richmond, Va. ttschool that comes to you," no matter where you may be. The Rt. Rev. John McKim, D:D., *** Missionary Bishop of Japan, smce CALVERT SCHOOL, 1880, resigned from the office of the "We take this opportunity to ex- 189 E. Tuscany Road, Presiding Bishop July 23. Bishop Mcpress our appreciation of the maga- Baltimore, Md. zine and of the encouraging and in- (Concluded on third cover.) spiring messages which it brings from Please send me full information in. the mission fields, and for the presentation of the needs 'If the work of the c1uding sample lessons. ' Kingdom of our Lord, at home and abroad." Name ……………………..• CATHERINE DENTZER, Directress, Lu- Jddress ………… ,……….. . Child's Age ……………….. . theran Deaconess Motherhood, Mil- waukee, Wis. longer room to keep them. They are valuable for reference and are good *** reading. They are offered to anyone for the cost of transportation. Ap- Several years of unbound copies of ply to the office of the REVIEW. THE REVIEW for some twenty years are offered by a friend who has no *** Our attention ha. been called to a slight error in the June REVIEW. In the article on "How Some Orientals Worship in America," on page 272, the meaning of the word Tenrikyo is given as "the Religion of Ten Reasons." As a matter of fact, the first character for ten means "heaven," and ri, while it may mean "reason," is..here used to mean "truth." Thus Tenrikyo means "Heavenly Truth."

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A KOREAN VILLAGE

A MISSION KINDERGARTEN WITH A KOREAN TEACHER FROM THE OLD TO THE NEW IN KOREA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1934 Topics of the Times UNITING AGAINST EVIL ality, and dishonesty, as well as physical and The forces of evil have always been ready to spiritual death. Degrading and obscene exhibi- 'unite to attain their ends. Is it not time that the tions, against which Dr. Parkhurst, Senator forces that stand for righteousness, regardless of Lexow and others fought heroically, are again perother differences, should unite more generally to mitted-in the name of art! Public taste has been combat evil? The North American continent was so vitiated that moral standards have been persettled, and the American Government was estab- verted. Many moving picture dramas, with their lished, by men and women eager to live in har- gunplay and loose sex relations, are degenerating mony with the laws of God and to give families the youth if not the adults. Dishonesty has so far an opportunity to bring up children in Christian honeycombed politics, big business, banking and surroundings with character-building influences. even the court that men in high positions of trust Today, with the growing mixture of population are corrupted and it is often difficult to detect and and the increase of selfish materialism and athe- punish crime-if the criminal has sufficient money istic rationalism, conditions have developed that and influence. threaten the character, if not the existence of the Is the situation then hopeless? No. But the coming generation, and of the nation. public conscience must be aroused and educated Not only in our cosmopolitan centers, but all and united action by the best citizens must put over the land, lawlessness has increased. Bandit- down the evils at whatever cost-and make them ry, intemperance, gambling, sexual immorality unprofitable. Without such an educated public and dishonesty are found not only among the ig- opinion, properly expressed, the officers of the law norant and degraded but in a slightly different are well nigh powerless-unless they are con- form among the rich, educated and influential. It trolled by a dictator.

is not the first time that the hydraheaded monster In view of the present corrupting influence of of evil has raised his head, and has been put down many theatrical and ,motion picture exhibitions, temporarily; but he is becoming more bold and the Protestants, Jews and Roman Catholics are even popular. uniting in protest. These nominally at least form Pernicious and salacious literature is not con- one half of the population. Moreover the leaders fined to "penny dreadfuls" but vaunts itself in are taking steps to bring pressure to compel a high-priced novels and well illustrated magazines. change-steps more effective than censorship, for Publications are permitted today that Anthony a boycott of unwholesome shows will hit the pro- Comstock gave his life to ban. Racetrack gam- ducers where they feel it most-in the pocketbook.

bling which, after a strenuous fight, was abol- Should not those who stand for righteousness ished by Governor Hughes, has been returned to and wholesome influences unite also to combat and "respectability" by State legislatures-carrying put down pernicious literature, all forms of gamcountless evils in its train. The manufacture and bling, banditry, dishonesty and intemperance? sale of alcoholic drinks-with the resultant "de- High educational standards and fearless cooperamon possession"-after being fought for years tion will accomplish much. Governments and citand banned by national vote, is again legalized izens are responsible for doing their utmost to and, by governmental license, is bringing with it make life, property and honor safe and profitable a host of corrupting evils-poverty, crime, immor- to all.

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But is reform enough, however far reaching? then. He arrived in Capetown on April 9th and No! It has never proved so in the past. Reform left Bloemfontein for Rhodesia on May 17th. The deals with the symptoms not with the root of the days between were filled with conferences and • disease. Jesus Christ found a world full of evil public and private meetings-chiefly at Capetown, but He did not inaugurate reform movements as Lovedale, Durban, Johannesburg and Bloemfon- such. He struck at the root of the tree-selfish- tein. Arrangements had been carefully made by ness, sin, Godlessness. Men and women need to- the General Missionary Conference of South Af- day, as they have always needed it, a new birth rica and every day was filled to overflowing.

which will produce new ideals, new natures, new The purpose of these conferences was chiefly powers, new and vital relation to God. These are fourfold: provided through Christ who came to reveal God, 1. To bring constructive Christian leaders together to to atone for man's sin by His death on the Cross, confer on the most pressing problems that confront South to offer man this new life and power by the Spirit Africa. 2. To seek effective ways of raising up and training of God dwelling in him. Christian leaders. This is the reason why Christians believe that 3. To share knowledge and experiences gained from reform is not enough however much it is needed. Christian workers in many parts of the world. This is the reason why the Gospel of Christ is pro- 4. To study the best ways for promoting cooperation in claimed at home and abroad. Whatever else is advancing the Cause of Christ in South Africa and in the done to unite forces in putting down evil, we can- world.

not afford to lessen our efforts to proclaim Christ, The methods adopted to attain these ends inwho alone can put to rout the forces of the devil. cluded five regional conferences, composed of rep-. He has overcome the world and will lead His fol- resentative groups; interviews, retreats and fellowers to victory. Evangelism, Education, Exam- lowship meetings; evangelistic and other adple-these are the points on which Christians dresses for students, and interdenominational need to unite to stem the tide of evil and to extend gatherings. Some of the largest audiences were the reign of Christ. made up of Africans. The impression made was widspread and profound. In many cases, when A NEW EPOCH FOR SOUTH AFRICA Dr. Mott addressed students at large universities, Christian missions in South Africa have faced all classes were suspended and in one case a schedmany difficult problems-geographical, racial, so- uled football match was cancelled. cial, political, economic, educational and religious. These problems have varied widely in different The chief topics under discussion were evangelareas but they have greatly hindered progress and ism, spiritual and other forces available, Christian call for solution. It was at the urgent invitation education and the development of leaders, coopof Christian leaders that Dr. John R. Mott went eration in Christian work, and race relations. to South Africa to spend six weeks in April and Findings Committees for each regional conference May in a series of conferences in which to discuss gathered up the results of the discussions and a some of these problems and to seek their solution. Continuation Committee (of which Rev. A. F. The meetings were inspiring, educational and em- Louw is Convener and Mr. H. F. G. Kuschke is inently successful. The Rev. Ray Phillips, author Secretary), will work to give effect to these findof "The Bantu Are Coming," writes: "What the ings and to establish a "Christian Council for Edinburgh Conference me~nt to the world of South Africa." Christianity in 1910-in vision, progress and cooperation-Dr. Mott's recent conferences will Some of the views expressed by the F,indings mean to South Africa." Committees were as follows: "I would say without hesitation," said Dr. Mott 1. Evangelism must remain the supreme task on his return to America, "that this was one of the of the Christian Church. A careful survey of the most needed and fruitful missions on which I have whole South African field should be undertaken to ever been sent. I found in South Africa the great- discover the needs of all classes, the religions, the est concentration of unsolved problems with which distribution of forces and the fields most neg- I have ever met in anyone place and at one time. lected. A strong appeal should be made to all Christians to take a more active part in personal evangelization.

There are the baffling race problems, the impact 2. Available Forces. While recognizing the of Western civilization on less highly organized value of dynamic personality, literature and con- peoples, the difficulties arising from the hundreds ferences in enlisting men and women for Chris- of separatist religious sects, and the exacting de- tian service, the great need is for prayerful, per- mands on leadership of all kinds." sonal appeals and the efforts of Christian parents, Dr. Mott had not been in South Africa since teachers and pastors to recruit workers. Money 1906 and great changes have taken place since power must be released by spreading challenging 1934] TOPICS OF THE TIMES 389 information, by enlarging vision and by empha- Austria and Germany, increase the unrest and sizing the greatness of the world-wide Christian make the international situation more dangerous. enterprise. Herr Adolph Hitler has added to his title of Chan- cellor, that of "Leader" in place of the late Presi- 3. Relation Between White and Black. The dent. He becomes virtual dictator and so has adoption of true Christian principles in race rela- power to enlarge his anti-Semitic and his national tions and the general welfare of the people de- Church activities. He will doubtless have greater mand the cooperation of the whole population, freedom in his militaristic program and may furwith opportunity for the development of all classes ther strain international relations. All this afin harmony with Christian ideals. The churches fects trade; a loss in exports will increase must lead public opinion and effort to improve economic distress; this cannot fail to make the the position of depressed and underprivileged whole financial situation more acute so that Evangroups, black and white; to promote justice, lib- gelical Churches and missionary societies will be erty and education. hampered still further. The Protestant and Cath- olic Churches, as well as the Jews, are suffering 4. Cooperation. The work of evangelism and from dictatorship. The church situation is tense education has been greatly hindered by rivalries but evangelical Christian are showing heroic courbetween neighboring racial and religious groups age in their stand against paganizing influences and by overlapping and lack of harmony. The and political domination. crying need of the hour is for closer cooperation and greater unity-in agricultural mission work, In Austria there is a strong Protestant movein compounds and cities, in education, in evangel- ment and it is reported that in ten weeks 15,000 ism, in promoting wider interest in missions, in people joined the Evangelical Church. Commuhealth work, in the production and distribution of nism and socialism are active and are gaining literature, in social and recreational activities, in influence over those who are materialistic or athetraining workers and in work for young people. istic. So many have, however, joined the Evan- There should be more frequent conferences be- gelical Church in some districts that the governtween Europeans and non-Europeans with a view ment has issued a decree requiring three months' to promotion of a deeper understanding and closer notice of any intention to change one's religion. cooperation. Such persons are also required to state their rea- sons for making the change. Life is not a bed of "The end of the conference is but the beginning roses-but there are roses as well as thorns. of the conquest; the end of the planning is the beginning of the doing," said Dr. Mott at Edin- These trials and difficulties, while involving burgh in 1910. Those present at the South Africa great hardships, will turn out to the benefit of Conferences were impressed by the diversity and Evangelical Christianity. They help to separate representative character of the delegates, by the the wheat from the chaff; they strengthen the spirit of harmony that prevailed, by the honesty moral fibre of those who endure to the end; they and earnestness with which vital questions were make their testimony more effective and lead to a faced, but most of all by the consciousness of the higher estimate of spiritual values and greater insufficiency of man and the all-sufficiency of God. dependence on God. Among nominal Christians Dr. Mott frequently emphasized the fact that per- in many parts of Europe there has been a decided fection in organization, abundant supplies of swing away from "liberalism," materialism and money, statesman-like plans, trained human lead- rationalism, toward spiritual things and to faith ers, enthusiastic watchwords, are not the source or in the integrity of the Bible as the revealed Word secret of power. These can be no more than in- of God. Pray for the Christians of Europe. struments in the hands of God. Power lies in our Lord Jesus Christ, whose superhuman person- THE "NEW DEAL" FOR THE INDIANS ality is alive and with us forever. His followers must be dominated by Him in order to carryon In 'spite of some opposition and misgivings on His work with spiritual passion. the part of friends of the American Indians, the Howard-Wheeler Bill has been passed by the A TENSE SITUATION IN EUROPE United States Senate. Its advocates, including the Hon. John Collier, Commissioner of Indian The political turmoil and economic distress in Affairs, claim that this will mean a new day for Europe seriously affects the religious and mission- the 200,000 American Indians. A revolving fund ary work and outlook. Three rulers have died this of $10,000,000 is provided from which to make year-King Albert of Belgium by accident, Engel- loans to Indian tribes and those who wish to do so bert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria by assassina- will be enabled to form separate Indian commution, and President Von Hindenburg of Germany nities. The bill also provides that tribes may orfrom old age and apoplexy. These events seriously ganize as business corporations for the purpose affect the political outlook in Europe, especially 390 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September of buying lands, preventing their sale, and carry- large numbers of people have found in the Chrising on general business. The measure sets aside tian Gospel the comfort and strength and courage $2,000,000 annually to permit the Secretary of the they need. Confessions of Christ in baptism have Interior to acquire land and water rights for In- greatly increased. dians, and a sum of $250,000 annually is provided to pay the tuition of Indians in high schools and In some districts this work is the result of years colleges. The purposes of the bill were set forth of patient teaching in Christian schools and in the committee report: churches. There is an increased interest in Bible study, a deepening of prayer life and more conse- (1) To stop the alienation of such lands belong- crated service; spiritual awakenings have drawn ing to ward Indians, as are needed for the present people into a new and larger experience. War and future support of these Indians. and rumors of war, floods, famine, corruption and persecution have led Christians to look for the (2) To provide for the acquisition; through imminent return of Christ. The chief emphasis purchase, of land forIndians now landless who are in these awakenings have been, however, on the anxious and fitted to make a living on such land. public confession and forsaking of sin, on sur- render to Christ and on the necessity for a regen- (3) To stabilize the tribal organization of In- erated life. Backsliders have returned, genuine dian tribes by vesting such tribal organizations conversions have taken place, Bible classes have with real, though limited, authority, and by pre- been full and prayer meetings crowded. Some scribing conditions which must be met by such churches have been divided into factions, while tribal organizations. others have been revived and new ones started.

(4) To permit Indian tribes to equip them- One missionary writes: selves with the devices of modern business organization, through forming themselves into business Within the church (in Kirin) there is a quickened corporations. interest in the Bible and Christian teaching, services are well attended, Bible classes and prayer meetings are full. (5) To establish a system of financial credit for From among those without the church conversions have Indians. been numerous and sometimes quite striking.

(6) To supply Indians with means for collegi- Though the movement has unfortunate excrescences, ate and technical training in the best schools. basically it is not without soundness. It is in touch with reality in its enthusiasm for conversion. (7) To open the way for qualified Indians to hold positions in the Federal Indian Service. Two things are needed: The first is a general raising of the educational level of the Church. The second is a The greatest need, however, is that of mak- turning of the Church's thoughts, from preoccupation with ing the Indians men and women of Christian char- herself, outward towards the community in which she is acter, intelligence and power. This can only be situated. done as they are led to know and follow the Lord Jesus Christ. The "new deal" should be a vast Speakers on all subjects must be cautious when improvement on the old-and more Christian. speaking in public, even though it is only the The work of evangelical missions among Ameri- Gospel they proclaim-and the authorities are can Indians has been sadly inadequate. There is suspicious of all school and church movements. great need for a forward movement to evangelize One missionary writes: "To account for the rethem without delay. markable spiritual awakening which has taken place, two causes may be mentioned :-First, ENCOURAGEMENTSINMANCHUKUO organized evangelistic work, of which the main features are regular cottage meetings, Bible The new regime in Manchukuo has seriously classes, and training courses for men and women, affected Christian work. Roving bands of soldiers that have had a cumulative effect, both on the and bandits have, at times, made itineration diffi- enthusiasm of the Christians and on the noncult or impossible, except along the railway lines. Christian community. Second, we are watching a Some churches and Christians have suffered seri- religious upheaval intimately connected with the ously and all have found it necessary to 8e ex- political change. Humiliation, despair, misery, tremely cautious, even in preaching the Gospel, fear widespread and crushing, the break-up of the lest they offend the authorities. Many Japanese old foundations-these are some of the results of and their representatives are inclined to be sus- the change of gQvernment, which seems to have picious of mission schools and churches. In gen- opened the eyes of the people to the possibility of €ral, however, the government does not interfere relief in Christianity. There are indications to with Christian work and the people as a whole show that as in pre-Boxer days, men are looking are not interested in politics, they only desire to the Church as a possible stand-by when the peace. days of trouble comes. In short, God is using the political crisis to advance the ends of His ever- In the midst of disturbed conditions, encourag- lasting Kingdom." ing reports have come of remarkable spiritual awakenings in some parts of Manchukuo, where

Word of God in

By the REV. WM. N. BLAIR, D.D., Pyengyang, Chosen Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE first Protestant missionary to bring the that they could not cross the rapids. They were Bible to Korea was a Scotch Bible Society trapped and they would have had to wait a month; colporteur of China, named Thomas, who but no such respite was granted them. The Koredied a martyr's death in front of Pyengyang. It ans went up to an island above the city, called happened shortly after the Civil War. Korea was "Peach Island." Taking many small fishing boats, still a "hermit country" unwilling to have rela- called "masangies," they piled them high with tions with other lands, except China to whose dried pine bows and bound them together with court in Peking representatives from Korea went iron chains till they spanned the river. Then when annually. One day Mr. Thomas met these men the tide was right, they set the boats on fire and from Korea in Peking and learned to his sur- let them float down the river like outstretched prise that they and all educated Koreans could arms of flame. In a moment the General Sherman read Chinese. was on fire. The crew was forced to plunge into "Well then," he said, "I am going to Korea and the water and swim to shore where they were give the Koreans the Gospel in Chinese." He quickly put to death by the Korean mob. The crossed the Yellow Sea on a Chinese junk but not Koreans say that all the foreigners fought to save being allowed to land (on the main-land of Korea) their lives except one who acted very strangely.

he returned to China. Later word reached Mr. Making no effort to save himself, he waded ashore Thomas that an American ship called the General with his arms full of books and tossed them into Sherman was going to Korea on an exploration the arms of the crowd as they clubbed him down.

trip. He sought the captain and asked permission- Later the king sent soldiers to collect and burn to go along. all the books that Mr. Thomas had distributed at "It's a dangerous business," the captain replied, Pyengyang and along the river. Today if you "but you are welcome to join us if you want to." will go to Korea, you will find a beautiful brick Mr. Thomas went aboard the General Sher- church just across the river from Pyengyang. It man with its half dozen reckless Americans and is called the "Thomas Memorial," and was built crew of Chinese, taking with him a large supply by the Christians of Korea in loving gratitude to of Bibles and Gospels in Chinese. God for this first martyred missionary who came The General Sherman entered the mouth of to give Korea the Word of God. All down the Tai the Tai Tong River which flows past the city of Tong River, clear to the sea, you will find Chris- Py,engyang fifty miles from the sea. All along tian churches wherever Thomas landed and left the way, whenever the boat stopped, Mr. Thomas copies of the Bible.

left Bibles on the shore to be carried away later There is another great river, called the Yalu, by crowds of Koreans who feared to come near between Korea and Manchuria. A few years after the vessel. There is a large rapid just below Mr. Thomas died another Scotch Presbyterian Pyengyang. Once a month at high tide it is pos- met Koreans in Manchuria and preached to them.

sible for an ocean-going vessel to cross this rapid With their help he translated the Gospels into and it so happened that the General She1"man ar- Korean and sent a Korean colporteur with a load rived at this time in the month and passing the of Gospels across the Yalu. The man was captured rapid without difficulty came to anchor in front and killed and his load of Bibles was torn to pieces of Pyengyang. Great excitement prevailed in the and thrown into the river. As he died the Korean city. It was reported that the foreigners had come colporteur exclaimed, to rob the royal tombs and to steal Korean chil- "Everywhere the leaves of this Book touch dren to make medicine of their eyes. The river the shore a Christian community will arise."

was lined on both sides with white-clad men with Today many of the finest churches in Korea are clubs and knives and with Korean soldiers armed found along the Yalu River.

with old flint-locked guns. Manifestly God meant to found the Korean "I guess we had better get out of here," said the Church upon the Bible, but when the long shut captain. door was finally opened, and our missionaries en- They tried to go back down the river, but found tered Korea, they came very near missing the [391 ]

way. Instead of going directly to the people with they smiled back in return because they are nathe Gospel they opened an English school in Seoul turallya friendly people. They laughed at him and hoping to gain favor through an educational meth- called him big nose and yangkuk nome, "foreign od such as has been used largely in many other scoundrel," and yangkugie, "foreign deviL" They mission fields. We would have made a great mis- threw rocks at him in the street but he was never take in Korea to have followed the educational seriously injured. For several years all that Sammethod, and God did not intend that we should. uel Moffett did was to preach the Gospel in the A missionary to China, John L. Nevius, who had simplest way, with great faith, and to give out had much experience came on a visit to Korea and Gospel tracts by the tens of thousands. gave the young missionaries this wise advice. In a remarkably short time some of that broad- "Don't give the Korean people anything as an cast seed sprang into life. No man can explain it inducement to accept the Gospel. Don't give them except that God does keep His promises, "My money or rice or you will have rice Christians. word shall not return unto me void"; "The wind Don't offer them secular education as an induce- bloweth where it listeth . . . so is everyone that ment to believe in Christ or you will not have a is born of the spirit." Before long there was a church that will stand. Go directly to the people little company of earnest Christians meeting in with the Gospel of God's Son sent from heaven Pyengyang. They were persecuted. They were and preach it in its fullness. You may have trou- arrested. They were beaten. Their feet were put ble starting but in the end you will have a church in stocks, but they kept the faith. In this same that will live." fashion, in Wonsan and in Taiku, all over Korea, the Gospel was proclaimed as the power of God THE RElV. R. S. THOMAS. THE FIRST PROTESTANT unto salvation and everywhere the same results MISSIONARY TO KOREA followed until nearly three thousand churches were scattered over Korea. He died a martyr. The Thomas Memorial church at pyeng Yang is dedicated to his memory I went to Korea in 1901 and have had a part in the events that have transpired since then. I was Thank God that little company of missionaries in Korea in 1904-5 during the Japanese-Russian in Seoul accepted the advice of Dr. Nevius. They War and I had part in the great revival of 1907 shut up their English school and sent workers which came after the war, the result of Bible throughout Korea, to Wonsan and Taiku and study. Pyengyang; doing nothing for years but personal evangelism. From that day to this the cardinal Almost from the beginning there grew up in principle of mission work in Korea has been wide- the Korean Church a remarkable system of Bible spread preaching of the Gospel. study. Anxious to know more of the Word of God the Korean churches urged missionaries and Dr. Samuel A. Moffett went to Pyengyang alone Korean leaders to come and stay for at least a forty-five years ago. He crossed the river near week giving Bible instruction. Now every Korean where Thomas died and went through the East church has at least one Bible study class for a Gate where the chains and anchor of the General week when the people give their time, as the Jews Sherman were still hanging. He secured a Korean gave their time at the great festivals. Nearly house near the East Gate and sat down Korean always an early prayer meeting is held at five fashion, cross-legged, on the floor. There are o'clock in the morning. I do not know who started many things I will never be able to do as well as this custom. It is a real hardship for a missionary Dr. Moffett; but one thing I can do better than he, to get up at five in the winter, with snow on the I can sit cross-legged on the floor better than he. ground, to attend an early morning prayer meet- ing. Two hours are given in the morning and an At first the Koreans were afraid of him, but hour in the afternoon to Bible study, with an they saw that he had no guns. When he smiled evangelistic service in the evening. Such a Bible study class nearly always results in a revival of the best sort, one founded on the study of God's Word.

A Time of Testing In 1906 and 1907 the Korean Church was in danger. Multitudes had recently become believers, many no doubt with mixed motives, hoping for national as well as personal salvation. Their hopes for their nation were not fulfilled and as bitter- ness and disagreement split the church into fac- tions, we saw that only the power of God could

THE WORD OF GOD IN KOREA

save the Church. All during the fall of 1906 we would make special effort. For the sake of definiteunited in prayer, and in January, 1907, in con- ness, each one was asked to write these names on nection with the great Bible Study Class in Pyeng- a card and hand it to the pastor. yang where two thousand men gathered, suddenly God opened the windows of heaven and poured During November a large poster, giving inforupon us His Spirit in one of the great revivals of mation regarding the Bible, was posted in all modern times. The result was that the whole cities and villages. Church was cleansed and purified and prepared for the severe tests that followed. Many are pray- In December a short "Life of Christ" was dising for a revival in America. How we need it! tributed throughout Korea. It was given in Scrip- Certainly we must pray for it. But our experience ture language largely based on Mark's Gospel. in Korea is that a real revival comes not from Missionaries and Korean Christians were urged prayer alone, but from prayer plus a desperately to buy this "Life of Christ" and present it as a Christmas gift to every non-Christian home in felt need, and always plus the earnest study of God's Word.

In 1909 came the so-called "Independence Move- ment" when tens of thousands of Koreans were arrested and imprisoned, many for more than a year. Among these were many Christians. The authorities allowed us to send Bibles to our breth- ren in prison. The Koreans who can read have the habit of reading aloud, and the Christians read their Bibles out loud in prison. Scattered as they were in many prisons often there was only one Christian in a room with many desperate criminals. At first the jailors objected to the Bible being read aloud, but when they saw that the prisoners were interested and that it helped to keep order they made no further objections.

God gave these Korean Christians grace in the eyes of their jailors. Later they were allowed to explain the Scriptures and for nearly two years the prisons of Korea were turned into Bible study classes. Many hundreds, some desperate criminals, were converted. Many were baptized in prison and came out with letters of dismissal from the "Church of Christ in – – Prison."

After thirty-three years of experience on the mission field, I am convinced that the way to preach the Gospel is to preach the Gospel. Only DR. MOFFAT AT HIS FIRST HOME AND THE GRANDSON OF one instrument has been ordained of God which THE MAN WHO TRIED TO KILL HIM. DR. MOFFAT HAS can pierce the human heart and bring genuine re- SERVED CHR!I,ST ElF'FECTIVELiY IN K;OREA FOR FORTY YEARS pentance and regeneration and that is the Sword Korea. This was not fully accomplished where the of the Spirit which is the Word of God. church was weak but 1,400,000 copies were pur- chased and distributed. They were not given out During the past few years we have been carry- carelessly to individuals, but were taken to noning on a great evangelistic campaign throughout Christian homes by church members with an in- Korea; not a revival, but the kind of evangelistic vitation to believe in Jesus Christ. effort that inevitably brings a revival. In 1932-3, the following program was adopted by all the Behold a sower went forth to sow and as he Presbyterian and Methodist churches in Korea: sowed, alas, some fell by the way side and was trodden under foot or devoured by birds; some October 15 to the end of November a book on fell on rock ground and soon withered away; some personal evangelism, prepared by Dr. Stokes of fell among thorns and the thorns sprang up and the Southern Methodist Mission, was studied in choked it, but some, thank God, fell on good 3,000 churches.

November 30th was "Decision Day" when every ground and grew and brought forth a hundred member of the church was asked to decide on at fold. (The seed is the Word.) "He that hath ears least three non-Christian friends for whom he to hear let him hear."

Years Ago and Now in

By DR. H. H. UNDERWOOD, Seoul, Korea }5t– _o+);>{ President of Chosen Christian College A Remarkable Story of Presbyterian Mission Work, 1884-1934 W E HAD followed the elusive wild pig of of Korea. Missionaries and Koreans wrote hymns Korea for a week without getting a shot. in it and sang them until the hills echoed. Mil- At long last we got one pig and picked up lions of pages, carried by Korean Christians, the trail of another. As the lean old Korean guide taught to old women in Bible classes and to little and I hot-footed it down the mountain past a lone children in tiny school rooms, fluttered into farm house, the farmer appeared in the doorway thatched farmhouses and tiled stores. Neither and hailed us. "What luck?" he asked. "How you nor I have any measuring stick to tell the many have you shot?" Without even a break in length and breadth and depth and height of his long swinging stride the guide shouted back God's love and the wonder of that message to as over his shoulder, "When we get nine more we'll many as received Him. But we can see the mahave ten." terial side. We do know that for 20,000,000 peo- pIe the Eunmun alphabet has been rehabilitated; "Fifty years in Korea! And what are your re- that several schools of scholars now wrangle about sults?" people ask. A beginning well made; and the fine points of its spelling and grammar; that a trail found and marked, a trail to be followed every newspaper today publishes several pages in into the future with the promise of greater things. this writing and that on a monument recently There is hardly time to stop and count "trophies" ; nor can the personal pronoun "your" be used in erected to one of Korean's heroes the inscription putting such a question to any mission organiza- is entirely in Eunmun. tion. Guides, beaters and villagers with an intimate knowledge of every valley and trail of the Fifty years ago women were still shackled hand and foot in the bonds forged for them by Con- hills were more responsible for the results than fucius. No respectable woman was ever seen by was the man whose rifle brought down the game any men except those of her immediate family. though it was true that the idea of hunting and Not one woman in 500 could read or write; nor the modern equipment was ours. did anyone dream of teaching her. Came women from the West in the name of one Jesus. Mrs. Fifty years! Man has no time sense and knows the passage of time only by noting changes. And M. F. Scranton, opening a school for girls in 1885; what changes! More than in all the 500 years of Miss Ellers (Mrs. Bunker), and Miss Horton the dynasty just ended! Probably more than in (Mrs. Underwood), with healing and words of the the 4000 years since Tangun built his great altar Great Physician. Women traveled and preached to and founded his kingdom! The altar still stands women and won and kept the respect of all as and looks down on railway train and steamboat women; women who had forgone the joys of and up at the airplane and, mayhap, listens in on motherhood and women who glorified motherhood radio broadcasts. But these are mere material and the position of "helpmeet." Not long before (changes and no whit startling to stones that have I left Seoul in 1933 I heard a tiny Korean woman Seen the kaleidoscope of Korean history for so hold a great audience of men and women spelllong. bound for almost an hour. Her mother and her ancestors for hundreds of years were high born Changes wrought through the rays of light Korean women whose only glimpse of the world from the Cross are deeper and stranger than was through the lattices of the women's quarters. .these ! Less than fifty years ago a high Korean official was proud to state publicly that he was The streets of the towns are full of young women ignorant of the beautiful but plebian Korean with unveiled faces going capably about their alphabet. He scorned anything less erudite than business which they conceive in deeper and wider the ideographs sanctified by Confucius. Mission- terms than their mothers dreamed. Mrs. Scranaries-Underwood, Appenzeller, Gale, Jones, Rey- ton's school is a college for women, largely staffed nolds and others-translated the Bible and print- by women and with hundreds of graduates carryed it in the Korean script. The Bible Society ing to their sisters the message Mrs. Scranton distributed it up and down the length and breadth brought. Under Christian vows the concept of [394 ] marriage has changed and the concept of "home" Fifty years ago there were no hospitals in Korea, no orphan asylums, no organized charity, has been born. Many a child-wife still commits no forms of public philanthropy. Today even nonsuicide; many a woman still treads a path Christian society has caught the idea and part of the spirit, so that in Korea as in America we are through life only slightly wider and smoother than on the way to forget that such "love for man" came only through the love of God. There as her mother's; many who hurry along the half here, however, analysis will show that the prac- tical support and direction of such philanthropy is finished new roads slip on unfamiliar footing, but largely from those who acknowledge their own debt to the Saviour-Lord. the vision is there, the road is being improved The process still goes on. A few years ago the day by day, and men and women are learning to Daily Vacation Bible School came to Korea and today a thousand such schools are held each year. walk it together. Two or three years ago one of the newspapers caught the idea and started Daily Vacation Fifty years ago-forty years ago-or even less Schools to teach reading, writing and handwork. I could wish that these too were "Bible" schools the country was scourged by cholera epidemics but the fact remains that the objective of a liter- ate Korea in which all shall be able to read the such as that of 1895 when in Seoul alone they Bible when we place it in their hands is also brought nearer by these vacation schools. died a thousand a day-the only preventives, pa- PUB-LIe N'OTICE FORBIDDING K'OREANS T'O GIVE F'O'OD 'OR per cats to drive away the rats of this the rat d.is- DRINK TO FOREIGNERS, UNDER PENALTY OF DEATH. ERECTED FIFTY IYEARS AGO WHEN CHRISTIANS ENTERED ease! Forty years ago-thirty years ago-women KOREA TO BEGIN MISSION WORK did not even count their children till after they There are few in the Occident today who realize had had smallpox; and the whole country shook what the word "service" owes to Christian ideals and who know that just as Christ glorified the together with malaria. Drs. Allen, Heron, Scran- Cross so He took the word for "slave" and ton, Horton, Hall, Avison, and a long line of others came with words and example in hygiene and sanitation, with smallpox vaccine and with qui- nine sold along with Bibles (this last to the scan- dal of some good folk). Following them came the first of a line of Korean doctors, a medical school and more doctors, still later government endorsed sanitation and laws. Today as you look out on the boys and girls of a school audience or the men and women in the church you will find few young faces marked by the smallpox god. Unsanitary conditions and ignorance of hygiene are still too common, but Korea is a healthier place in which to live and God's children offer for His service healthier and more perfect bodies.

These early doctors and their successors not only brought comfort to hurt bodies but to one and all they spoke of the Healing Lord and of the power of His blood. This is a practice now considered unethical by some critics of missions, but what- ever may be the result of this acade'mic debate, there are in Korea literally thousands ready to bear witness that through these words there came to them the peace that passeth understanding and which for this reason appears in no reports and figures in no statistics.

Fifty years ago Korea and Korean society ex- isted as "despotism tempered by revolt and assas- sination." Of organized forms of public gatherings and of methods of procedure offering opportunity for the expression of the individual's ideas or of self-government there was no knowledge. Today some 400,000 people are organized into two great churches, self-governing, up from local groups and congregations, through District Conferences or Presbyteries to General Conference and Gener- al Assembly. Every school has its student organi- zation (sometimes turbulent and disorderly) in which the mechanics and workings of such things are learned. '

wrought out of it "service." It is a wonderful mountains" that is Korea. When you have seen thing to see this word born into a language for and known and loved these then you will begin the first time and to have even a small part in the to understand what the "numbers" mean. The high privilege of holding up before a people its million and a half yen given in one year by the Author. No one who finds in Christ a personal Korean Church is changed to sacrificial gifts of Saviour can be satisfied with the acceptance of food from all too scanty tables and of silver rings such a social ideal but all must agree that the ac- and gold hairpins from women who have no other ceptance of the ideal is a step toward the accept- ornaments. A fifty-mile journey to the Bible ance of its Exemplar and toward the permeation class is a three day trip over mountain paths. of the world by the Spirit of Christ. In 1886 the first Christian schools were opened. Such changes as these bring new meaning to For the last twenty years Christian elementary the otherwise meaningless numerical expression schools have had an average attendance of over of arbitrary time units when we say "Fifty 25,000. The mission secondary schools for the Years." They bring a meaning not to be found in same period have enrolled each year approximatethe whir of factory wheels, the blare of auto ly 4,500 boys and girls. The graduates of these horns or in the mysterious voice of the radio. elementary schools during this time probably Such changes hum with the sound of hymns of numbered about 30,000 and of the high schools praise and the whisper of prayer as a vital force 5,000. The whole cost of the elementary schools in the world. and almost three quarters of the cost of the sec- ondary schools is borne by the Koreans. This ap- Some Concrete Facts pears astonishing and indeed it is, but how aston- ishing you cannot guess till you know that old For those who demand concrete facts and fig- teacher and the tremendous inertia to be overcome ures we can marshal these in impressive array. by any school going against the influence he and In 1884 a few brave souls among the remnants his predecessors have wielded for 2000 years. In from the persecution of Roman Catholics, met in 1886 a "Royal Korean College" was opened under secret, with the martyrdom of their brethren be- the scornful eye of the old Confucian college. Tofore them. In 1887 the first Protestant baptism day, in addition to other secular and government was held behind closed and guarded doors. In colleges, there are Christian colleges for men of- 1890 there were less than 100 Christians. In fering courses in arts, agriculture, commerce, 1934 there are two great Protestant churches with medicine and applied science, as well as a college between 300,000 and 400,000 members meeting in for women offering arts, music, household eco- 3,579 church buildings which they have erected nomics, and kindergarten normal training, and and which they maintain at their own expense. these colleges enroll approximately 1200 Christian These churches are served by almost 600 ordained young men' and women. pastors. Yet how little is told by these and other impressive figures, showing almost the whole In 1884 there were practically no Koreans in church, Sunday school classes and well over 100,- 'Manchuria ,while today there are probably 2,000,- 000 each year in special Bible classes! They evade 000 with an active Korean church. Today the "evaluation" by survey and are difficult of in- proportion of Christians to population among the terpretation by the most sincere of "experts." Japanese in Korea is far greater than in Japan proper and the Japanese church in Korea in many You must sleep on the Korean floor, your head ways acknowledges the influence of the Korean on a wooden "pillow"; you must share the farmer- church. deacon's kimchi and rice, and walk with him along the dikes of tiny patchwork rice fields; you must If it be no idle boast that "when we have nine visit him and his family in both drought and more we'll have ten" it will be because those 1200 flood; you must know something of the "spirits" young men and women now in the Christian coland "gods" he has cast off but whose shadow still leges, and the thousands who have graduated from falls athwart his path. You should meet and elementary and secondary schools, are leading the question the shy little daughter as she comes up Church of Korea along the' trail on which they for examination for admission to the church; you have started. The Lord's measurement and evalucertainly must know the farmer's boy, rather ation of tim~ are different from ours-a 1000 awkward in his tight-fitting uniform, eager to years are as a watch in the night. Tangun's altar serve God and his people, but confused and dis- saw 4000 years slip by before an altar to God was turbed in the turmoil of the modern world. You built in Korea. To estimate the years from 1884 should know something about the be-spectacled to 1934, is to attempt to measure infinite values old teacher, in the old fashioned vilfage "letter- with warped and unmeaning standards. We can room" or school, and why he loves the queer ideo- only say, "This is the Lord's doing and it is margraphs he teaches. You must know and love whal; velous in our eyes." the Korean calls the "thousand miles of rivers and

EUREKA~ONCE A RICH LEAD, SILVER AND GOLD CAMP. TODAY-A SMALL TOWN WITH NO PROMISING

Pioneering in Nevada Today By the REV. A. G. SHRIVER, Carson City, Nevada Missionary of the Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

NEVADA, the "sagebrush" state, is a land of lower valleys the snow seldom lies more than a sunshine, beautiful mountains, and attrac- day or two in the winter when, as a rule, the tive deserts. It has a general elevation of weather is dry, bright and pleasant. In the sum- 4,000 to 6,000 feet, with mountain ranges rising mer the nights are cool, except the southern part from a 1,000 to 8,000 feet above the general level of the state. Where streams flow into the valleys of the plateau. The general surface of the coun- the land is irrigated and good crops of hay, grain try is barren, rocky, and mountainous. The state and garden vegetables may be grown. Dry farmhas very little timber; a few cotton-wood trees ers find their lot hard and discouraging as they are found around the ranch homes and along attempt to wrest a living from the arid valleys. streams, and the lower slopes of the mountainsides The two main industries of the state are mining have scanty growth of pinon pine, cedar and and live-stock raising. mountain mahogany. These are of little value Nevada has an area of 110,000 square miles save for fuel, but from the pinon pine the Indians and its population is 90,000-a density of .8 per gather pine nuts, which is one of the sources of square mile. The very nature of the country has their winter supply of food. The rivers are small forced the people to live an isolated life and only and only a few streams find their way to the 15% of the land has been homesteaded. Ranchers ocean; one flows into the Snake River in Idaho are scattered up and down our 115 valleys, wherand the other into the Colorado. The hot springs ever water can be found for domestic and irrigafound throughout Nevada have medicinal values. tion purposes. Miners' cabins are tucked away The climate of Nevada is extremely arid since in the mountains wherever ores of various kinds the rainfall during the year varies from five inches are found. A new mining camp was opened fifty in thE;! &Quth to 15 inche& in the north. In the miles from a railroad and a half dozen families f 397 J

moved in with many men, who left their families highways cross the immense state in the four hunbehind until the future of the camp could be deter- dred miles from east to west. No railroad, and mined. When I visited this camp and called upon only two improved roads traverse the state from the miners and their families in the evening, we north to south. The country roads call for much gathered in a restaurant for a service. It is often improvement. For missionary touring I divide difficult to establish a permanent work, because the state into four districts. When planning a of the shifting population. visit to the southern area, I write ahead to the teachers in our mission schools, giving each one the date of my arrival at their station. The teach- er notifies the people and an evening service is held. I call upon the families, then I am able to assist them in illness, comfort them in sorrow and stimulate their interest in the Sunday school work. In my car I carry a thousand bundles of Sunday school papers, tracts and other Christian litera- ture, which I give to people. Sometimes they give me orders for religious magazines, Bibles and Sunday school papers. Journeying from com- munity to community, I call at the homes along the road, enrolling babies in our Cradle Roll and older people or shut-ins in the Home Department. Car or tire trouble sometimes delays me but I usually reach the place of meeting on time. The southern trip takes me through Death Valley, where we have a Sunday school 178 feet below sea level. Swinging east to Colorado River, I travel north through Rainbow Canyon and on to Utah, covering some 2,400 miles before returning to Carson City, my home.

Nevada has three hundred and forty public school districts and our school system ranks as high as in any of the neighboring states. The communities are so sparsely settled that a school district may have five children and after being formed it may be retained if only three children permanently reside in the district. In order to provide a school for their children parents or a teacher will sometimes bring in several children from outside to meet the requirements of the law.

Many Nevada families are reared in these iso- Christians at Work lated communities without having any of the privileges of church and Sunday school. It is our These people in the city, town and country, are pleasure to go to these families with the Gospel ministered to more or less regularly and effecof our Lord and Master. In this religious "no tively by the Roman Catholic church, American man's land" Christian work is handicapped by the Sunday School Union, Episcopal, Baptist, Lulow moral conditions. Saloons and gambling theran, Methodist and Presbyterian workers. flourish and a ninety-day divorce is encouraged by the legal and business interests of the state. Ne- The Presbyterian Board of National Missions vada was the last state to adopt the Woman's has commissioned me to visit, establish and main- Suffrage and Prohibition amendments and the tain Sunday schools and preaching points throughlatter was considered only a scrap of paper until out all the unoccupied areas of Nevada, five counit was repealed. The moral conditions are low- ties in eastern California and two counties in ered by the migratory character of her population, western Utan. This makes a total area of 123,000 plus the influence of many unscrupulous politi- square miles or nearly equal to fourteen states the size of New Jersey. In this territory live cians. about 100,000 people. Last year I traveled 31,000 Travel for the missionary in Nevada is made miles, by automobile and on the train, visiting 1,600 homes and distributing over 19,000 pages of expensive and more difficult because of the fact literature, tracts, Bibles, New Testaments and that only two transcontinental railroads and two

PIONEERING IN NEVADA TODAY

Gospels. Tracts and Gospels are required in ten peoples. They include Italians, French and Spanforeign languages. To save expense, and embar- ish Basque and Mexicans. In two of our schools rassment to the homesteader and miners whose the Roman Catholics joined in our opening and sleeping quarters are limited to the size of the closing services but with separate teachers during family, I carry my own bed roll, food and water, the lesson period. The Mormons number about. and wherever night may overtake me I sleep in five thousand in Nevada and in some cases send my car. their children to our Bible schools. In other com- munities they oppose the Gospel in every way and In visiting a home for the first time, I inquire sometimes succeed in breaking up the work. This if the family is Christian. If not I tell them of religion, the Islam of America, is hopeless and without any true way of salvation. According to .. their teaching, salvation depends on the ordi- nances of the church and on their own works, MONTELLO, NEVADA, COMMUNITI¥ CHURCH BUILT OF not upon the work of Christ on Calvary. In one RAILROAD TIES Mormon community, I baptized nine people on confession of their faith in Christ. A number of Christ and present His plan of salvation, leaving them wish to unite with the church but the nearest with them tracts, Christian literature and a Gospel one is two hundred miles away. Here is another in their own language. A mother's magazine, pioneer field problem. We hope soon to organize which is a Christian journal, is usually welcomed a church here. and may be the only Christian literature entering the home. In addition to the newspaper, which We also work with the members of the Piute, may be several days or a week old, they sometimes Shoshone and Goshute Indian tribes. While they have one or two magazines on mining, livestock may be slow to express their appreciation of efraising, the Literary Digest, Saturday Evening forts in their behalf, yet their love for music, and Post, Wild West Stories and other story maga- the eagerness with which they accept Christian zines. Wherever there is a rural school I attempt literature indicates a heart-hunger which only the to organize a community Bible school. No special Gospel can satisfy. sectarian creed or doctrine is taught but the Bible is taught and Christ is offered as the Divine Many of my preaching places are restaurants, Friend and Saviour from sin. In most cases the hotel lobbies, gambling halls, dance halls, and prischool teacher acts as the Sunday school teacher vate homes, in addition to schoolhouses and also. Parents are assisting as teachers in some churches. Sunday schools are also held in the of our seventy stations. Many Bible classes are same variety of places. The opening service is held on a week day following the closing of their held in the room where the musical instrument is regular school session in place of on Sunday for experience has taught us that few children will DEATH VALLEY, CALIF.• COMMUNITY SUNDAY SCHOOL travel those long distances again on Sunday but ON THE FURNACE CREEK RANCH. they will remain after school for Bible instruction. We supply song books and the best lesson One hundred and seventy-eight feet below sea-level. materials available for teacher and pupils. Bibles and New Testaments are offered as a reward for -if they have one. Then we separate for class memory work. The offerings do not fully pay for instruction, if there is another room. In the this literature; the balance must be provided closing service, we repeat memory texts and the through friends of this pioneer work. The mem- superintendent may give a brief review of the lesbership in our mission schools varies from three son and ask Bible questions. to thirty-five children and adults. It seems incredible that in "Christian Amer- Many problems are involved in the organization ica," so many communities have no regular church of the Sunday schools. An interpreter is often needed to present our plan to the foreign-speaking

or Sunday school services. Last autumn I con- pen and printed page, and God has promised that ducted the first church service ever held in one His word shall not return unto Him void. "The farming community which is twenty-eight years Sunday school has changed the atmosphere of this old. In another no services had been held for community," said a resident of Fish Lake Valley. over thirty years. Now both have Bible schools. "The deportment of our day school has improved . since we organized our Sunday school," said a We reinforce the work with Vacation Bible schoolteacher. Many testimonies show the value schools during the summer. Some of our leaders of this work as these isolated families and teachare trained at our Lake Tahoe Summer Confer- ers come into vital relationship with our Lord ence for Young People. One young man from a and Saviour. Out of our mission schools come desert Sunday school caught a vision of his respon- lives dedicated to the service of our Master, and sibility to God and man and now wishes to enter a number of churches are the outgrowth of Sunthe Christian ministry. These Vacation Bible day schools founded in the early days. schools offer a challenge to Christian high school and college students to teach the Gospel for sev- Nevada's two great assets-mining and liveeral months among our isolated communities. stock raising-have been hard hit by a constant changing market and the development of im- The clarion call rings out over the mountains mense salt deposits is at a standstill. The buildand deserts, "Come over and help us." In one ing of Hoover Dam will probably not increase our community fifty miles from a church, a mother popularity, since we have no industries to use the of two boys said: "I am glad to see you; now I electric current produced. This will be a mission know that God has not forgotten us." Another field for years to come and it offers a challenge mother asked that her boys might be taught to to the missionary organizations of our churches say grace at the table. Teachers and parents say to explore, to plough and sow and cultivate in the that they have wanted a Sunday school but did Name of Christ. There is need for lives and for not know how to organize it or where to buy money dedicated to our Lord to help give the material. My coming was in answer to their Gospel to this great territory, to send Christian prayers. literature, and to carryon until He comes.

We sow the Gospel seed day and night by voice, Take Away the Stumblingblock –..at I By PROF. MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. ~– BOTH Christianity and Judaism claim to have Woman, born under the Law," but only a remnant come out of the Old Testament. But when of that congregation knew the time of their vis- we examine these claims we are compelled itation. The majority rejected Him, being blind to say that Christianity is really older than J uda- to the glory of the divine self-revelation in the ism-that is to say, older than the kind of Juda- person of Christ. The result is that their house ism with which we are acquainted today. Both was left unto them desolate. By Judaism I under- Christianity and modern Judaism hark back to stand that system which succeeded the congregathe first century of our era. But Christianity tion of Israel, after the glory had departed from it. arose as faith in the Person of Christ confessing Him to be the fulfilment of the hopes of ancient There were elements divinely implanted in the Israel. The Judaism of which we are now speak- heart of Israel which blossomed into fruitage in ing arose as the system which denied this faith. the Christian Church. Modern Judaism, ortho- It is based on the rej ection of Christ and of the dox or reformed, must not be identified with the Christian movement which arose in the heart of religion of pre-Christian Israel; it is rather a the Synagogue. malformation from that root.

Thus Christianity is the fruit of faith, while After the Christian movement had arisen in the modern Judaism is the product of unbelief. The environment of the Jewish people, the two lived ancient congregation of Israel had been divinely side by side for a considerable time. They critiprepared and educated for "the fulness of the cised each other, but did not at once part comtime" when "God sent forth His Son, born of a pany. This made it difficult for outsiders, who were not initiated into the fundamental differ-

TAKE AWAY THE STUMBLINGBLOCK

ences between them, to distinguish them. The national uprising against Rome. Hebrew Chris- Christian movement was regarded as a Jewish tians would not take up carnal weapons. They fled sect "everywhere spoken against." As Christ had to Pella in Trans-Jordania till the war was over.

stood before the leaders of Israel, and was even- A second uprising took place under Bar Cochba, tually condemned by them on His own confession, the false Messiah. Those who did not join the so Christianity stood before them until it ulti- national cause were mercilessly slain. Hebrew mately shared the fate of the same condemnation Christians were branded as traitors. The rupture that had befallen her Lord. between them and their people became complete.

But as the rejection of the Messiah was brought The epistle to the Hebrews had been written on about chiefly by the false guides of the Jewish the eve of these calamities, forewarning them of people, while the common people heard Him the dissolution of the Holy City and the temple.

gladly, so the final casting out of the Christian They were told to leave the camp of Judaism, re- movement was the outcome of similar causes. joicing that if here they had no continuing city, For a while such disciples of the Lord who ex- they might look for the city of God to come. The hibited Christ-like traits, enjoyed the goodwill of heavenly had taken place of the earthly. God their Jewish brethren. We know from Josephus "taketh away the first that He might establish the that James, the Lord's brother, was held in high second."

esteem for his piety. The young Christian com- And so Christianity sought and found a new munity, in spite of occasional outbursts of opposi- home in the Gentile world. But in thus departing tion, lived on terms of amity with the rest of from the Jewish fold she took with her the spir- Jewry. But the further removed both came from itual treasures of Israel wherewith to enrich the their start, the less cordial their relations became. nations. Among these are the fundamental The leaders and not the people were mainly re- truth of the Divine Unity, Personality and Holi- sponsible for this. They had persecuted Jesus, ness; the Messianic Hope as revealed in the ever- regarding Him as a menace to the safety of the lasting covenants with Abraham and David-cov- Jewish nation, and impeached Him before Pilate enants which look to the blessing of all nations; as a danger to the Roman empire. Pilate was not the Scriptures given by Divine inspiration, com- particularly impressed with this charge, but he mitted once to the custody of the Jew; the spir- yielded to the chief priests, fearing the probable itual interpretation of history and the ethical consequences of their animosity. That the rank ideals of the Prophets; the Person of Christ, who and file of the Jewish people did not share the according to the flesh came of Israel; His teach- feelings of their leaders is evident. There is a ing, example; and above all, His redeeming work curious passage in the Talmud, in which it is re- as a suffering Lamb; the Light to lighten the Gen- corded that the spirit of Jesus is supposed to have tiles and the Glory of Israel.

bidden a nephew of Titus, the conqueror of Jeru- But the Gentiles must bear in mind that they salem, to tell his uncle to be lenient with the un- are holding these treasures in trust for Israel for happy Jews. It says: "Seek their good and do that time when God shall graft them in again into not seek their harm; for everyone that hurteth their own "olive tree." The spiritual possessions Israel is as if he hurt the apple of God's eye…. of the Gentiles are meant to provoke Israel to This shows that in early days Jesus was still re- jealousy, till she is made willing to receive mercy garded by many Jews as a friend of His people. through the mercy shewn to the Gentiles. For so When it came to His followers the case was dif- the apostle to the Gentiles reasoned by the in- ferent. Their temple offerings were refused by spiration of God in Romans 9-11; and so the the priests. Their writings were regarded as the apostle to the circumcision also confessed at the product of sorcery. Intermarriages were forbid- Council at Jerusalem: "We (i. e., Jews) believe den. The Gospels were ordered destroyed. The that through the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ food they ate was looked upon as "trifa." we shall be saved even as they (i. e., Gentiles):'

Even James, so highly regarded, was murdered. The last word in the settlement of this great But the chief blame rests upon the shoulders of problem will rest with God's Grace. But should the priests. Annas, the same who figured so in- not the people, who are now the subjects of this famously in the trial of Jesus, was the instigator Grace, the Gentiles whom God has visited to take of the murder of the saintly James. And it them out of Gentiledom as "a people for His aroused a storm of public indignation. Josephus Name," cooperate with His Grace to take the tells about the popular resentment. The upshot stumblingblocks out of the way of the Jewish was that in A. D. 62 this Sadducee priest was de- people, that their way home (to God and His posed from his office. Christ) may be opened? "Cast ye up, cast ye up, The final break between the Jewish Christian prepare the way, take up the stumblingblock out community and the nation was hastened by the of the way of my people!" (Isaiah 57: 14.)

Experiment in a Japanese

A Lesson from Japan on Prohibition By IRENE REISER, Kanazawa, Japan Missionary Teacher in the Hokuriku 10 Gakko K AWAIDANI MURA is a village of about 300 could get a drink in any house between the bridge houses hidden among the mountains of marking one boundary of Kawaidani Mura and western Japan. The houses are scattered the line marking the other. in clumps of thirty or so along the road with rice The village was bonded for the sum of 45,000 fields and hills between. Seven years ago it was yen ($22,500) and a large school building was a poor village, little different from thousands of soon rising from a broad sunny slope overlooking other villages in Japan. Now it is known through- the village offices.

out Japan as the pioneer in the prohibition move- It was a new idea. Some received it with ment which has caught up enthusiasm. Others objected.

sixty-seven other villages in its "Some sick people use sake train. as medicine. If they can't have For a long time the villagers it, what will happen to them?"

had realized that they must "Yes, and others are so used have a new school building as to drinking sake that they'll die the old one was too small. But if they can't have it."

an adequate building would re- "I, for instance," said one quire a large sum of money and delegate, "get very tired and to how could a poor village of 300 overcome this I drink two or householders ever hope to raise three glasses of sake every eve- such an amount? The prefec- ning. If I can't do this I can't tural authorities could grant no work hard, and so will make subsidy to a country school, so less money."

that this was the topic of many Then Mr. Yamamoto, the a conversation in homes, the head man, spoke: "Great times village offices or wherever peo- call for great deeds. If we vote pIe met. to prohibit the sale and drink- Finally a delegated meeting THE NEW OORNERSTONE OF THE VILLAGE ing of sake it will mean the of five BuddhI·St pri.eSt s, the danTiheMcuhraar"a;cteorns tohne Irtisghlet ft"Pfraocheibrietiaodn.""Kawal- SaCri·fice f h b· ts an d twenty officials of the village our a 1 0 pleasure, but the gain will be assembly, and five lay villagers was held to decide great for our children. What shall we do?"

what could be done. There was a shout: "Prohibit sake! Prohibit How could the money be raised? Would more sake !" The meeting broke up in great excitement.

efficient labor bring better crops and thus more A committee of investigation found that in one money? Could they raise pigs? Everyone looked year the villagers spent 9,000 yen for alcoholic at his neighbor inquiringly. Then the momentous liquors and canned goods, which were considered suggestion came: "What about the prohibition of luxuries. If this amount could be saved for five sake ?" years there would be enough money to build the Some inspired soul said simply, "If we'd pro- schoolhouse and so meet the needs of the village hibit the selling and drinking of sake, we'd save for many years. Bonds maturing in five years enough money in a few years to carry out our could be sold to repay a loan from the Prefecture.

ntoject." A survey of the drinking habits of the village "Naruhodo" (that's right, brother), ejaculated brought many facts to light. It was found that, a number, and almost before the village knew it, on an average, one family drank about thirty-one the eight sake shops were closed or had taken up gallons of sake and other liquors a year. At wed- other business and no one, no matter how thirsty, dings, funerals and other feasts the village spent [402 ] 1,360 yen each year and private drinking brought One dearly loved custom was frowned upon. the expenditure to 9,000 yen. The people had When young men are called for their term of milinever given the matter serious thought before and tary service, all his friends and neighbors see him it assumed serious import. off at the station with a display of banners and shouts of "banzai, banzai." The custom was Finally a set of five was worked out to govern stopped as it involved needless expense. prohibition. Women were warned to be economical in dress. First: "Putting aside all evil, we promise to A bride was allowed to have long sleeves for her save our money to build a new school." wedding, but at other times they must be short.

Second: The time of enforcement of prohibi- The final law was good advice for all: "Do tion was put from April 1, 1927, to April 1, 1932. things according to your own station in life." (Don't try to keep up with the Jones'.) The third rule hit every household with force for it had to do with taxes. "Every householder, THE PREMIER'S MOTTO except the sick and the indigent, must pay more "Prohibition will revive our nation." In the handwriting of than five sen (21;2 cents) a day toward the bonds. After the individual tax has been paid, the man His Elxcellenoy Viscount Saito, Premier of Ja.pan. may keep the amount saved, but must continue to set aside the daily five sen." As soon as the prohibition law went into effect newspaper reporters began writing for particu- The next rule demanded obedience to the pro- lars. Letters of congratulation poured in, some hibition law. There must be no selling or buying bringing gifts of money from sympathizers. The of liquor in the village. Every householder must villagers had expected criticism rather than paste on the lintel of his house a red sticker de- praise. This appreciation was a challenge to the claring his allegiance to this new law. villagers. Some had thought that they might have a quiet little drink while visiting in a neighboring The last rule decreed punishment for anyone village, but they soon found that outsiders exwho did not observe prohibtion. pected them to keep their law even when away from home. Some Worth While ResuLts The years passed' by and the fine school building The next winter of "big snow" shrouded the en- with its fine children was a constant admonition tire district for months. The narrow streets and and comfort. The fruit of their sacrifice was ever lanes of cities were filled with snow to the second before them. story and for days the postman handed letters through the upper windows. Mountain villages As the five-year period drew to a close, the were almost buried. Notwithstanding this, the leaders went quietly about investigating the result. committee at Kawaidani Mura managed to visit They found that while the taxes had been higher all the homes to talk over prohibition with the than in the years before prohibition there had been no default of payment. hou~eholders. In addition to increased investments in the vil- After the preliminary work was finished, the lage cooperative society, the people had over 2,500 committee made their reports to a general village deposits in the local postoffice, so that every housemeeting. The head man listened to all the pros hold must have had several accounts. and cons and when everyone who wanted to talk had had his say the vote was almost unanimous There were other signs of prosperity in the vilin favor of prohibition. The objectors agreed to lage as thirty-two new houses had been built at a make it unanimous and then all shouted "Banzai" cost of 15,320 yen and eighteen old houses had for the Emperor and for the village till the hills been repaired at a cost of 7,045. echoed. Health conditions were better. No one had died On April 1, less than three months after the from the deprivation of sake, and some declared subject had first been considered, the prohibition that if they had taken sake they surely would have law went into effect. The eight sake shops went died. Cases of illness had fallen from 206 to 113 out of the liquor business, the contract for the and the death rate per thousand had decreased school was let and the villagers began the task of from 19.6 to 16.7. The all-Japan death rate for raising yen 45,000. infants under one year of age for the five-year The committee that had made the first set of rules made a further list of eighteen to guide the people in their economies. Some of the items were not obligatory. Since the traditional Japanese wedding ceremony consists of the drinking of sake by the bride and groom, sake could be used at weddings. It could also be used as shrine offerings and by very old people who were allowed a small portion daily.

THE SCHOOL BUILT WITH MONEY SAVED BY PROHIBITION period was 156 per thousand while for Kawaidani the village as a recognition of their good citi- . Mura it was 65 although in the neighboring dis- zenship. tricts the death rate for new-born infants is the highest in Japan. Premier Saito sent a motto which he had him- self written in large Chinese characters and his Social results are hard to tabulate but one of representative, the Colonial Minister, presented them was that family quarrels decreased. One it to the village in the presence of many visitors. teacher said: "In nine cases out of ten sake was The motto read: "Prohibition will revive our the cause of family unhappiness. The children Nation." were affected by this and the result was bad on their character and work in school. Under pro- The school children's opinion of prohibition may hibition we teach happy and peaceful children." be summed up in the words of a seventh-grade girl: The moral tenor of the village has risen. One man, a prodigal for years, returned home and "The years of prohibition have passed like a since there were no idlers around with whom he dream. Is not the future work of the children of could play and drink, of very boredom he began this village to keep it up to the standard set by to help around the house and gradually became in- our parents? We must make the renown of our terested in his home and did his share toward its village echo to foreign lands. How fortunate that upkeep. He was completely restored to family we were born in such a village I" and village esteem. A POWERFUL REMOVER Housewives, teachers and policemen were enthusiastic in their approval of prohibition. A Alcohol will remove grass stains from summer former sake dealer told of heavy losses but added, clothes. It will also remove summer clothes, spring "We've all made a living and have come along all clothes and winter clothes, not only from the man right." who drinks it, but also from his wife and children.

Prohibition had been a success, so that when the It will also remove household furniture from the five-year period was up, the natural thing was to house and eatables from the pantry; it will remove vote for another five years of prohibition. The the smile from the face of his wife, and the happieight sake dealers were awarded small gifts of ness from his home. money and elaborately written testimonials from As a remover, alcohol has few equals.

~or copies of leaj!et containing the above, write to Mrs. A. Hames Lippincott, 406 Cooper St., Camden, N. J. By MRS. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Pieping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE daily life of a missionary-wife in China years of confinement; fathers and mothers open makes blond hair prematurely gray but it to the new tide of change; sons and daughters does keep hearts young. It makes interests who have thrown overboard all that savors of widespread, the sense of sympathy and under- antiquity and long accepted customs; young peo- standing keen, and one's outlook international. It pIe who definitely have done away with the multi- is a constant joy to be called to bring Christ Jesus plicityof Chinese idols, but who as yet have found as a personal Saviour and regenerator of the con- nothing spiritual instead. How to reach these peo- ditions of living, to the Chinese women of my pIe and bring them to Jesus Christ is my problem.

neighborhood. I often realize I am aiming at making our the authority of the spiritual Chinese churches face this realm above the sphere of need with me. My motto is, materialism, superstition and "The Homes of China for sin. Christ." Many earnest Our home is the center of church members have joined my activities. We almost live me in organizing "calling in public for our doors are groups." In calling regularly never shut. There is a con- and systematically i nth e tinuous coming and going of homes I have come close to volunteer helpers, evangelists, the men, women, and children Bible women, friends, neigh- alike. We invite the fathers bors, members of classes, and and sons to Bible classes in enquirers. Our volunteer Chinese or English, and the helpers feel that our home is women and girls to our wom- their own. Many new born en's meetings, and mothers'

Christians bring to us their and girls' clubs. For the illit- joys and triumphs as well as erate we have mass educa- their problems and disap- tional classes, and for the pointments. Many souls seek- children there are our Sun- ing a way to free themselves day schools. One of the items from idolatry, find a genuine stressed on our program is welcome there. At special re- the establishing of the family port meetings I have heard people indicate our altar in Christian homes. Christians who are study, dining room, living room, and guest room having regular home prayer meetings are urged as the places where they first met Jesus Christ. to invite their friends and neighbors to attend.

Some, like Mrs. Chia and her daughter, absorb a In visiting the homes the gem of the many con- great deal of time and energy. For months they versions this year was that of old Mr. and Mrs.

had been regularly visited. An idol of the devil Wei. Though living in the same home as her hU9stood in their tiny living room. Slowly the daugh- band, Mrs. Wei had not spoken a word to him for ter had become devil-possessed. But prayer and 38 years. She belonged to a wealthy family and careful guidance enabled them to find victory. was married young. A year aftel' her wedding, Both of them entel"ed one of our Bible classes and three days after her baby son was born, her hus- are now candidates for baptism. band brought a concubine home. Mrs. Wei almost Naturally a mother centers her interests around broke down with grief, prostrated herself before homes. I have many that I call my trusts. Nearly "Niang Niang," the idol of the mothers, and made all are exceedingly well populated. They have a vow never to speak to her husband. any more.

grandfathers endowed with all authority of rules She led a life of misery and became a gambler.

to be and things to come; grandmothers dulled by Through her extravagant ways the prosperity of [ 405]

the home disappeared. Through much personal between the sisters-in-law of the family. A basic work by some of our volunteer workers the hus- equality of husband and wife sets new standards, band came to our evangelistic meetings, and be- and polygamy seems naturally to become out of came a changed man, truly converted. Then one tune. The children share in the new fellowship day, when I again visited the bitterly sarcastic old and through them comradeship is stretched to woman, now reduced to living in economical ways, other Christian families. The education of girls the barriers broke down. Sin, misery, and years as well as boys, gets attention, and cleanliness of carefully cultivated hate were poured out, and chases away the dust formerly usually so prevaa gloriously free woman took her first steps on lent. the road toward life abundant. It was a triumphant moment when, one day, we saw the husband My missionary activities consist of: Bible with his wife coming together through our gate classes for women, some of whom belong to leadto attend a two weeks' class in lay leadership. The ing and well-educated families but who have to be change in this home is a marvel of revelation to taught even the most elementary facts of Christithe neighborhood and a powerful witness for anity; hours with volunteer leaders, leading them Christ. It is an inspiration to hear Mr. and Mrs. to the so-called clinical experience in the faith; Wei relate their experiences at daily morning de- organizing the work and strengthening their devotions. They sing with such a fervor that one sire to do personal evangelism; systematic home day a neighbor called to ask whether their only visitation with our various calling groups all over son, who has a position in another city, had sent the northern part of the city; Christian endeavor them money for their support. They are now in- meetings; prayer meetings in homes and churches; viting their neighbors to share in their Morning women's meetings in churches, street halls and Watch. homes; mothers' club for the non-Christian women of my neighborhood, who are as yet hesitating to I find my way to homes scarcely as big as an come openly to any Christian gathering, but who elevator, containing from six to ten people, as well are keen to come to our meetings for child welfare, as those of wealth behind red laquered gates, home betterment and talks on popular subjects; where I wander from courtyard to courtyard. Sunday schools for adults, and for children; re- Some are awe-inspiringly luxurious, with a hoard vival meetings from one to three weeks' duration of servants bowing me to the reception hall of the with special speakers and teams; interviews in First Lady of the house, where I often, at "a little our home for spiritual guidance; committee meetdinner party" am offered as many as forty dishes. ings representing a variety of service almost Others have hardly any comforts, no chairs with astounding; membership of the Executive Combacks, no rugs on the brick floors, no magazines, mittee of one Old Ladies' Home and chairman of no books, no social gatherings for women, no up- another; advisor to a foundling home and induslifting religion, no outlook, aspiration or hope; trial center for poor women. nothing but a place for a group of confined overworked women with whom I want to find contact. My program touches weekly many hundreds What wonderful changes I have seen after I of women and my normal working hours are all have succeeded, with my faithful groups of volun- day long. I have had this year various meetings, teer workers, to bring Christ Jesus to such homes. gatherings for the deepening of spiritual life, as Changed lives have sparkled sun rays of joy on my well as meetings for non-Christian women. I have paths in missionary work. Nearly every Sunday testified for my Saviour at funerals, weddings, morning one or two timid women are led to the birthday parties, and in little meetings in courtchurch, who never have been there before. Moth- yards going from gate to gate. I have brought the ers, formerly totally indifferent, were brought to Gospel while sitting cross-legged on the family our meetings by children of the Sunday schools, beds of Chinese homes, in little rooms of new older sisters by younger ones. Neighbors, steeped brides, and in the ceremonial halls of many a in superstition, were won by Chinese Christians, "Grand Old Lady," on corners of streets, in Gospel triumphant in a vision of leadership through Halls and churches, and wherever the opportunity Christ Jesus. There was this year carpenter Li, has offered. Opposition I have seldom met. Liva man dulled by sin and made stupid by years of ing faith in the multiplicity of the Chinese idols superstition, gathered within the fold as a sheep I have rarely found. Interest in my message I lost and wandering, by the prayers and personal have encountered everywhere. The spiritual work of an old lady one of our faithful volunteer hunger I have daily met was both appalling and workers. inspiring. If there ever was a glorious opportu- nity in China for spiritualizing mission work it is I often find that, as soon as the Saviour of man- now. This is the time for open, frank, direct kind has entered the hearts, peace prevails where evangelism. The Chinese themselves are asking formerly strife reigned. A new love is born be- for it. It is the one and great need of present-day tween elders and children, and a new sympathy mission work.

A Chinese Town on the

By ESTHER A. THOMAS, Alameda, California K AGAWA found his workshop for the refin- Every known kind of gambling goes on in this ing of human nature and the testing of his small town, practically all of it being illegal. own consecration in the slums of Japan. Raids are made periodically but a code of warn- Muriel Lester and Hugh Redwood had their souls ing signals exists between friends of the gam- tried among the destitute of England. Albert blers and the people in Locke, so that when the Schweitzer buried himself with God in the moral officers arrive the dens are closed and the men blackness of an African town. are innocently pitching "horse-shoes" in the al- One sings the praises of these devoted follow- leys. Even the Chinese women maintain gam- ers of Jesus Christ and bling clubs and spend recognizes the humble their money in lottery spots which they glori- games and Mah Jung.

fied, yet there are self- Well dressed white men sacrificing indi vi duals and women from adjoin- working in 0 b s cure ing towns are occasionslums the world over, ally seen in the gambling about whom one seldom houses of Locke. hears. They go on patiently bringing into un- The tiny village, of not wholesome localities a m 0 ret han sixty-five permeating influence houses, harbors e i g h t that creeps like a sun- brothels in which are beam into dark crevices found only white women. These girls are victims and corners some of of white slave masters which are not on maps. and as soon as one of the women dies or goes One such community, away, it is an easy matwhere vice and degrada- ter to put another in her tion are disgustingly ap- parent, is a town called place. Chinese, Japanese Locke, situated in the A DAUGHTEIR OF THE MOTHERS CLUB AT LOCKE, CALIF. and Filipino men patrondelta region of the Sac- ize these brothels. At ramento River, twenty-five miles south of the capi- present there is only one respectable white woman tal of California. Locke is a Chinese village, half in Locke and she is the missionary at the Chris- a mile square, with a population of about six tian Center. It is not safe for her to be out on the hundred. There are only thirty-one Christians roads alone at night.

in the town. One of the best arguments in favor of the The village was established in 1915, when a fire whole-hearted continuance of foreign missions destroyed the Chinatown of Walnut Grove, an- has been proved at Locke. Into this unattractive other town on the river bank. Fleeing Chinese environment, made ugly by the viciousness of men and women stopped at an uninhabited loca- human degradation, came Jesus Christ, through tion and there built their homes. A general store the personality of Mrs. Ong Yip, a graduate of a was erected on the levee, and a number of dwell- Christian Mission School in Hongkong. This con- ing houses, poor in construction and material, secrated Chinese woman came from the Orient to soon followed. The unpaved streets are nothing bring to America what she had learned there more than alleys ten to fourteen feet in width. from American missionaries. With no equip- Immediately after the homes were ready for oc- ment, Mrs. Yip began the only Christian work in cupancy, there came gambling houses and the area, consisting of Sunday school classes for brothels. children and religious services for adults. Her [407 ]

"auditorium" was the corner of a laundry build- was scarcely less inviting. In another ranch ing. house, in a room the temperature of which reg- istered ninety-eight degrees, a baby was found In 1919, Dr. Charles R. Shepherd, Director of wrapped in four layers of men's woolen suiting. Chinese Missions for the American Baptist Home The child was covered with sores and it took Mission Society, being greatly impressed by the months of care to bring it to normalcy. As soon work, made arrangements to rent more suitable as the missionaries had won the confidence of the quarters and the school grew so rapidly that it women mothers' classes were formed and little by was soon necessary to secure another location. little they have come to realize the healing value In 1922 a building, known as the Locke Christian of nursing and American medicines. Today the Center, was erected and later a missionary was Public Health nurse reports the Chinese children appointed by the Woman's American Baptist under the care of the Christian Center at Locke Home Mission Society to superintend the work. the healthiest along the river.

Girls were gathered into Sunday school classes The men of this town have caused much annoyand clubs where they were taught music, sewing ance to the Christian workers, not only because and principles of cleanliness. In the beginning of their indifference to the influence of the Center. it was difficult to interest the boys in the activities but because of their sometimes sudden, and often of the Christian Center. Up to three years ago strenuous, antagonism. The missionaries, howonly four boys regularly attended the Mission. In ever, with gentle strategy, have captured their in- 1929 the Chinese leaders developed a sudden an- terest by offering an opportunity to learn Engtagonism to the Center and its workers and pro- lish. The younger men have not hesitated to avail tested against the Christian influence by opening themselves of the chance to study at the Center, a joss house. The attendants brought out a cere- and, with a growing sense of devotion, now carry monial lion of wood, paper and silk and paraded on their own worship service. with it through the alleys of the village. Chinese brothel women from another town, dressed in red There is no other town in the world quite like satin with gold braid trimmings, walked in the Locke with its wide-open gambling, white women rear of the procession. This demonstration made prostitutes, heathen joss houses, women hitched a profound impression upon the boys and the to plows, open polygamy, animal and human filth work of winning them had to be started over in abundance and over it all the calm, persistent again. Today, however, there are thirty-five boys influence of a Christian Center dedicated to the in regular attendance at the Mission. lifting of humanity Godward. Little by little the sunbeam of Christianity is purifying and making Nearly all of the Chinese mothers in Locke work beautiful the sordid spots. in the canneries while their children play in the dirty alleys. On the adjoining ranches women A slum is a low or squalid neighborhood condo the plowing, often with tiny babies strapped sisting of a slovenly or vicious population, or it is to their backs. On one ranch the missionary the laboratory where human degradation can be found a man with two wives, each with a large transformed through an "Inasmuch" challenge family, and all of them living in poverty and and where human souls can be refined through a filth, in close proximity to sixty hogs whose abode "Whosoever" invitation.

AMERICAN-BORN JAPANESE Over seventy-five thousand American-born Japanese, most of them on the Pacific Coast, are seeking to make the ad- justment between Oriental and American life and culture. They differ in customs, in ideas, and somewhat in physique from their parents. Their ideals, customs, thoughts are American, not Japanese; and theirs is the privilege and responsibility of citizenship in the land of their birth.

These young people are intelligent, quick to learn and, in proportion to their numbers, furnish more honor students in the high schools than any other racial group.

Christian churches are reaching not more than twenty-five percent of this group. Many of the young people live in rural sections not accessible to churches. The Young People's Program of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Seattle, seeks to develop leaders among them.

Twenty-one of the thirty-three members of the faculty of the Church School are Japanese, nearly all being young col- lege students, graduates, business or professional people. The Church School has an enrollment of 400 and for further training a Junior Church provides a Worship Service for some 150 to 200 of Junior and Intermediate ages. Three Epworth Leagues minister to the various age groups and a combined Worship Service, 'with preaching, follows the League meetings. All young people's work is carried on in English. A Japanese pastor ministers in Japanese to the Japanese born group. _ The Japanese young people of the northwest hold a Christian Conference each year during the Thanksgiving va- cation and some 250 delegates attended from Oregon and Washington last year. These conferences bring together the young people of the various denominations and provide a fine bond of fellowship. Other activities provided for Seattle Japanese include a good, live Boy Scout troop, Ghls' Service Guild for older girls, and various clubs for younger children. One of the young men, who was a teacher, Scout leader and local preacher, was graduated from the College of Puget Sound, and after spending two years in Japan, returned to minister to his people at Spokane, Washington. T. W. BUNDY, Director Young Peovle's Work, Seattle Javanese Methodist Church.

Cross and the Crescent in

By MURRAY T. TITUS, Moradabad, U. P., India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church C HRISTIANITY and Islam have both had a was a burning and a shining light, and during the long history in India. five brief years of his service in India he, more Few people of our American churches than any other, earned the right to be called the realize, perhaps, that the large Syrian church in "first missionary to Moslems in modern times." South India, according to well authenticated tra- With commendable zeal and foresight he comdition, was founded by the Apostle Thomas. India, pleted the translation of the New Testament into therefore, is probably the home of one of the old- Urdu-the chief Islamic language of India-and est indigenous Christian churches in the world. also diligently gave himself to the preparation of tracts for Moslems in the same language. He also Islam likewise, traces its connection with India spent much time in personal evangelistic work, back to the days of its infancy. Early attempts at and preaching among them. Little wonder that he invasion were made within a few years after wore himself out, and finally died of tuberculosis the death of Mohammed; but it was nearly eighty in a Persian caravanserai while on the homeward years after his death before the first Moslem set- journey. But his prayer was answered-he had tlement was made in Sindh; and it was not until "burned out for God" in the service of Moslems. nearly four hundred years after the Prophet, in the eleventh century A. D., that the famous icon- Following Henry Martyn there has been a goodoclast, Mahmud of Ghazni, succeeded in paving ly number of well-known names both of missionthe way for an India-wide Islamic movement. aries and Moslem converts who have carried on Since that time Islam has spread in all directions the work which he so nobly began. Carl Pfander, from the Panjab where it first gained entrance. Safdar Ali, Imadud-Din, E. M. Wheery, St. Clair Tisdall, Canon Sell, and W. Goldslack are the Mass movements to Islam, especially in eastern names of only a few who, during the last century, Bengal, have not been at all uncommon; but con- have carried forward the flaming torch of evanquest and political influence of Moslem rulers have gelism which was lit by the great Martyn. The also attracted or compelled many to enter the fold. work of these men was characterized largely by Today Moslems in India number more than 77,- great spiritual fervor and personal initiative. 000,000 so that every fifth person in India is a There was little consultation or cooperation in follower of the Prophet of Arabia. In fact there their work which went forward largely by its own are more Mohammedans in India than in Egypt, Turkey, Arabia, and Persia put together! momentum. Christian mission work among Moslems in In- Today we have entered a new era in work for dia has had an interesting history. Strange as it Moslems in India. Through the agency of the may seem, the ancient Syrian Church has never National Christian Council, which brings together engaged in any evangelistic effort among them. representatives of all the evangelical missions and In fact Islam had been established in India for churches in India for consultation and cooperation, nearly six hundred years before the first Chris- the workers among Moslems have been banded totian mission was started. During the time of the gether and organized with a common purpose as Great Mogur, at the end of the sixteenth century, never before. the Portuguese Jesuits sent three different but There is the League of Missionaries to Moslems, unsuccessful missions from Goa to Agra. From which is a voluntary organization with nearly six then on, right down to the dawn of the nineteenth hundred members who are banded together in a century, the Moslems of India remained a neg- fellowship of prayer for Moslems. These widely lected people, so far as the Church of Christ was scattered members are kept in touch with each concerned. other through a monthly bulletin. The value of the League may also be measured by the fact that The beginning of the nineteenth century saw it has been in existence for twenty-three years. a marked change in the situation. The era of modern missions had been started by Marshman The Christian Literature Committee for Mosand Carey. Following them came Henry Martyn, lems is the body which functions for the National a young Anglican chaplain, in the year 1806. He Christian Council in assisting missions and mis- [409 ]

sionaries throughout India. The early writers verts from Islam. But the numbers have never who worked without assistance or cooperation had been large as compared with the adherents to the to finance their own publications and arrange for Christian faith who have come from among the their distribution. The last biennial report of this Hindus. Still the results have always been such Committee showed that it had helped to publish as to give genuine encouragement. The chief rea- 63 books and tracts for Moslems in ten different son for our encouragement has been in the testi- languages, totalling 588,500 copies and 4,298,000 mony and character of the Moslem converts them- pages. Most of this was of course produced in selves. With clear ringing notes of deep convic- Urdu. The Committee was of assistance partic- tion, and abiding joy, we hear a member of the ularly in helping the language area committees to royal family from Afghanistan, now banished plan their literature program, and in helping the from his native land, and working as a professor publishers by securing grants from the American of Arabic in a Christian college, give his testimony Christian Literature Society for Moslems. to what Christ has done for him; and one of the One of the direct results of this work of or- best Methodist preachers in the whole of India to- ganization of the scattered forces through the day is a Moslem convert from Calcutta.

agency of the National Christian Council, was the Moslem Snapshots founding in 1930 of the Henry Martyn School of Islamics in Lahore. All will agree that the school One or two more snapshott of recent experiences has been most fittingly named; and in conformity will give an idea of what is going on underneath with the life work of its "patron saint" it was the surface of this vast Moslem population. A founded with the "object of providing a center of year ago a young woman of M–, came to a research, for the training of Christian workers, woman missionary and asked for baptism. She and for the preparation of Christian literature, had been a student in a mission school for girls with special reference to Islam in India." Five in D–, and had learned to love Jesus Christ.

missions are regularly cooperating in this enter- For this interest in Christianity her husband and prise. The school has enrolled 26 students since her whole family had persecuted her, but she had its inception; and in addition, through the exten- stood all their taunts and threats for five years.

sion courses, has reached several hundreds more. Finally she decided to take the final step. It meant Besides these three special organizations which no end of trouble, but she said she was prepared are of an all-India character, there is an encour- for the worst, even death. She faced the issue aging number of local groups which are making fearlessly, and was baptized. Her husband dis- their impact felt for Christ among the Moslem owned her, but she is still living with her father's masses of India. There is the Brotherhood of family, and her life is a beautiful witness to the Andrew in Lahore composed mostly of laymen transforming power of Christ.

and Indian ministers from the different churches Another striking example comes from G–.

of that large city. It carries on effective evangel- A young man and his wife had been living in a istic work, and also runs a converts' home. There mosque where he was in daily attendance on the is the Abbottabad Conference which once a year services. He secured a Bible and read it carefully.

brings the Christian workers of the Afghanistan As a result both he and his wife were led to Christ, frontier and Central Asia together for discussion and received baptism. Although they have bem of their common problems. It is a thrilling sight put out of their former society they are radiant to see missionaries to Moslems and their converts Christians, and are eager to win others of their gathered together from Kohat to Kashgar. Then former faith.

there is the Hindustani Mission of Bangalore, The spirit of Henry Martyn is not dead. There South India, and special committees for work are more missionaries than ever before in India among Moslems in the most of the eleven provin- who are linked together for effective work among cial Christian councils throughout the country. Moslems. The same may be said of'Indian work- If we also think of the thousands of missionaries ers. There is more literature for Moslems being and Indian Christian workers who are daily com- produced in more languages, and there are better ing into contact with Moslems up and down the facilities for distribution than ever before. From land in schools, colleges, hospitals, Zenanas, and all over the land come reports which indicate that bazaar preaching services one can only wonder at there are more inquirers, and more conversions the amazing opportunity that the Lord has given among Moslems than ever before. The schools, us in these latter days to witness for Him among colleges, and universities are bringing an enlight- the followers of Mohammed. enment to the Moslem mind that offers a challenge And what is the outcome of it all? It is a case of increasing importance to the church. It is a of the leaven gradually leavening the whole lump. time of great encouragement. A time for the From the very beginning there have been con- coming of which Henry Martyn lived-and died.

the Mother of

By the REV. ERNEST J. SALISBURY, Elizabethville, Belgian Congo FROM the Tangangika country came an espe- crude efforts of the witch doctors had failed so cially clever native named Kalasa with his Mr. Arnot was invited to try his medical skill on wife, Manena, attracted by the rich copper Inamishi. When the white man succeeded, and fields of Congo, and settled in this district which the mother's life was saved, the chief and all his was afterwards known as Garenganze, now as people were loud in his praises and they called Katanga. His son, Mwenda Mushidi, soon proved the baby girl who was born "Munani"-Mr. himself to be a warrior and a very. successful Arnot's native name (meaning meat). She is trader and he became eventually the cruel, iron alive today and has never been known by any ruler of a large territory. As his power and fame other name, than the one Mr. Arnot had been increased, he married many daughters of chief- given because of his success in shooting game.

tains, and to them he gave au- Chief Mwenda says that Mr.

thority to rule villages under Arnot often visited Inamishi him. and he was warmly received.

One of these wives was He gave her presents of meat named Inamishi who lived at and cloth and when his old ox Kimpata, across the Bunkeya upon which he rode into the River. She was called Inamishi country had to be killed, he because she was born on the gave some of the meat to Ina- day of trouble and warfare, mishi and her sturdy young and she was delicate. She had son who was fond of playing three daughters. About the in the yard of the kind white time of Mushidi's greatest man. power, when the whole of the During the many trouble- Upper Congo knew and feared some days following the tragic him as a wicked and cruel ty- death of Mushidi, the whole rant who killed all who dis- country was so unsettled that pleased him, a little boy was many of the people, including born to him and was named Kitanika and his mother, went Kitanika. From birth he was to the Lufira river and built seen to have the same large, at Lwitapisha which is about peculiar shaped head as King forty miles from the present Mushidi. He is today the popu- Bunkeya. The missionaries fol- Iar paramount Chief, Mwenda lowed and worked among the Kitanika. people and later built a sun- dried brick building for preach- On February 14, 1886, Fred Arnot dared to trust God and Photographe(l by Dr. P. K. Dixon ing the Gospel. Here Inamishi went to work among Mushidi's heard the Glad Tidings many people, in spite of the fact that times. INAMFUMU, MOTHER OF MWENDA it was said that Mushidi had an extra large spike Sleeping sickness broke out and many people reserved for the head of the first white man who died. The situation became so serious that the ventured into his capital. In answer to prayer Belgian Government ordered the chief Mutanda the old warrior king welcomed God's messenger Vantu and all his people to return to Bunkeya.

and allowed him to build a house on the hill near- About that time Inamishi was very ill with small- by. From that first mission house, the remains of pox and almost died but she made a wonderful re- which can be seen to this day, the chief and his covery, much to her son's delight, and she re- people were regularly visited. turned to Bunkeya.

One morning when Mr. Arnot called on Mushidi, When Mukanda Vantu died, Kitanika was he immediately saw that there was trouble on chosen chief in his place. The custom of the the king's face. His wife was very ill and all the Va-Yeke tribe is that a big chieftain is not al- [411 ]

lowed to live near, or to see his mother, so from tians around the Lord's table! The influence of the time that her son became chief, Inamishi has her taking this bold step has been very marked been called Inamfumu (the mother-of-the-chief), on the whole district and a number have followed and has lived a few miles away by a stream called her example Chungwe. The Chief Mwenda and his elders tell many Many different missionaries have visited this interesting stories which lead us to believe that remarkable old woman, but it was not until June, Inamishi must have been about ninety years of 1931, when Miss Myers and Miss Missen (now age at her baptism. Her health which had not Mrs. Salisbury) visited and slept in her village, been the best for a long time, was failing, and on that Inamfumu accepted Christ as her Saviour. August 25, 1933, the Lord called her Home. For The good seed sown by the pioneer mission- her it is far better to be freed from all the weari- aries now sprang into life as the Old, Old Story ness and pain of the flesh, but for us who loved was once more sung and preached around a big her there was sorrow. The news of her death roaring campfire in the center of her village. spread as if by wireless, and hundreds of natives From that night, Inamfumu took a definite stand gathered at her vilage to weep. Seldom have for her new Master and ceased from her heathen more people heard the Gospel than those who ways. In this she was greatly helped by the life gathered at the funeral in the royal cemetery.

and testimony of Samani Ntalashya and his wife God has been speaking to many through Inam- who was the old lady's granddaughter, both fine .fumu's death.

Christians. As the months went by all who knew Those who knew and loved this old African her felt sure that hers was a changed life. Queen contributed toward a tombstone, and a nice It was a red letter day of rejoicing when the concrete slab was erected at the historic spot mother of Mwenda obeyed the Lord in baptism. where Mushidi was killed and buried. As more To show his approval, the Chief sent two sheep Europeans visit that spot each year we pray that for the feast following the baptism. What would they also may be impressed when they read in old Mushidi have said to have seen one of his French that Mushidi's wife, and Mwenda's mother favorite wives gather with the despised Chris- lived and died an out and out Christian.

"Wee Cans"-An Ohio Adventure OUR last winter's adventure in Ohio with quarters in Cleveland, for twelve hundred cans. the penny-a-meal banks, or "wee cans" as In the synodical office we also saw a great light we called them, brought so remarkable a and ordered twenty-five thousand cans from. the success that other churches may be glad to learn manufacturers in New York. This was last De- cember. about it. For three years we had been hard hit in Ohio. By the middle of January the cans had arrived. Meanwhile we had sent a sample can to every Then came black March of 1933 and the gray, pastor in Ohio with a letter explaining that the disastrous months that followed. Banks closed; idea was to start a game going in the homes of our money tied up; remittances from the churches people-a penny-a-meal game for the benevolence next to nil. For six months it was tragic. The causes, to gather an extra gift over and above the slump was awful. We seemed to be sliding into an regular benevolence contributions, every church abyss. to get due credit on its quota. We told the pastors that we had ordered twenty-five thousand cans on Last November things turned and money began faith, that we would send them out only on orders to flow again, each month showed a pick-up. In sent to our office, that the cans cost a cent and a December, New York sent word, "Hold the next half each and that we expected the money that quarter's receipts up to the level of a year ago and came in to carry the cost, the extra being treated we think we can break even." like ordinary undesignated gifts and divided among the causes according to our scale of per- Then our synodical office began to hear abo~t the centages. The cans were offered free, the cost to "wee cans." The Congregationalists were using be taken out of the proceeds. them. Dr. Lichliter, of Washington Gladden's old church in Columbus, told Dr. Cotton of the Broad The response was great. A surprising interest Street Church that he was putting them into his developed all over the synod. Orders poured in homes. This came to Dr. Cotton as a heavenly from 201 churches which took 22,903 of the cans, vision of the possibilities for the Kingdom and at his request we sent to the Congregational head-

A MISSIONARY HAS HIS SAY

and the remainder were asked for by other parties What is the moral in this Ohio experiment? so that our whole supply was exhausted. Through They turned the trick, those blessed "wee cans." the Buckeye Bugle, our little synodical paper, we Let no man despise them henceforth. Out of the kept in touch with the churches, playing up the mouths of these little cans God has ordained "wee cans" and the slogan "Help Stop the Drop I" strength, because of His enemies. Their help made the difference between success and failure for us. Easter came, and the money began to pour in. We did what the mission board asked us to do. Up to Saturday, May 12, 170 churches had been Our clearing house receipts for the last quarter heard from and their "wee can" money amounted were $1,500 better than a year ago, and for March to $7,596.96. Many cans are still to be heard from $5,600 better. and no doubt the money will continue to drift in Ohio has 602 churches. Only 201 used the "wee for weeks to come. cans" and we received $7,596.96. If they had all seen the vision we could easily have collected We asked for a report from each church as to $20,000. the number of cans actually collected. Many failed to respond, but most did and their reports These represented an extra gift, which intershowed an average of $1.02 per can. fered in no way with our regular benevolences, and was so much clear gain for our hard pressed Steubenville Westminster Church heads the list ::!auses. Indeed churches which, we happen to for both the largest and the smallest individual know, would not have given a dollar otherwise can offering: one can with $11.00 and one with sent in considerable amounts of "wee can" money. three cents-some widow's mite, perhaps, which The cans caught the pennies of many who do not meant "more than they all." This church reports ordinarily give to the church causes at all. that it counted 9,262 pennies and it took two men to carry the load to the bank 1 There was no pressure, no forced distribution, the whole thing was a voluntary adventure, a The largest total was turned in by Broad Street joyous game, and the people enjoyed it. Church-$549.59. The "wee cans" have proved their value in Columbus Presbytery led the other presbyteries Ohio. This year, from New Year to Easter, we with its total of $1,833.21, and showed twenty- ought to enlist the whole Presbyterian Church in three churches using the cans. the game and make it unanimous. The possibilities are tremendous. Urbana Church turned in the highest average per can, $2.03, but Cincinnati's colored church, CHARLES L. ZORBAUGH. Carmel, was right at its heels with an average of $2.00 per can.

A Missionary Has His Say By BENJAMIN H. HUNNICUTT, Lavras, Brazil I AM a foreign missionary; for that I make no I have thought over my activities and interests apology. I suppose I would be classed as a of the past six weeks and venture to set them forth Fundamentalist by some of my friends, and as a sidelight. No doubt many of my colleagues for that I make no apology. I read with interest P. had as interesting and pleasant experiences these H. Mok's article "The Case for the Heathen" in past weeks. a recent magazine and I asked my mission boys what we would do if mission work came to an end, I had an invitation to judge corn at the show and we missionaries were dismissed. staged by the State Agricultural College, so off I went a journey of a day and a night and spent 36 "Oh I" they said, "you could easily get a posi- hours at the State Agricultural College-and, in tion in agricultural work." Many unsought offers company with an alumnus of our school and a have been refused in the past and no doubt others wide-awake farmer, judged nearly a thousand exhibits of corn. The Federal Minister of Agrimight be forthcoming. culture was there at the same time, so there was But that is not what impresses me at present. quite a lot of formalism.

The small missionary salary received, is not an Returning to Rio de Janeiro, several days were absorbing issue-missions are under fire and chal- spent reading the proofs of my book on corn, the lenge. Mr. Mok states that missionaries and their third edition of which will soon be out in Portumethods in China are wrong in their approach and are unchangeable. Is he right or wrong?

guese, making a total of 7,700 copies of this semi- cational ventures ever launched in South Amertechnical work. ica. Dr. P. H. Rolfs, former dean of the Florida Agricultural College has been for twelve years Rushing back to Lavras the inter-collegiate organizing and directing the State College of Agriathletic games were on us for a week. Our school culture of Minas Gerais. As he leaves, the work won by a handsome margin, but that was of far is entirely under the direction of Brazilians who less importance than the fact that the three schools promise well to carryon. From Rio we went to were learning that sports played in the right spirit our summer mountain resort, where at an elevacould promote goodwill and fellowship and not tion of 6,000 feet we are establishing a Brazilian necessarily serve as medium for unhealthy rivalry. Northfield. "It is a cooperative enterprise and a Overlapping the week of inter-collegiate sports 600 acre property is being developed as a recreawas the Laymen's Training Course. Forty men tion and conference center for the use of five deand women came in from the surrounding terri- nominations-missions and national churches. The tory for a few days' intense training in Christian annual meeting of the directorate was held in the service. modern city of S. Paulo and after a I6-hour train trip once again I am at home. A hurried trip to the state capital for an interview with the Governor of the State was made. Only last week I was present at the taking of Friends predicted I would have to wait days to see office of the new mayor of the city and the banquet him. I was in the capital a bare 24 hours and re- celebrating the event. The out-going mayor and turned home, having obtained what I went to seek incoming incumbent are both alumni of our for through the interview. The following week schools. The same day the inauguration of long the bronze bust of the founder of our school, Dr. distance telephone service put us in touch with S. R. Gammon, was unveiled in the public square. the telephone world. Apparently this is the first time one of our missionaries has been so honored in Brazil. One of Three meetings of the past weeks showed varithe secretaries of the State was the principal ous phases of my interests-a call meeting of the orator of the occasion and the President of the mission to grant an emergency furlough for health State and three Federal Cabinet ministers sent reasons, a meeting of the school board of trustees representatives. Erected and paid for by popular to vote on a plan for turning the whole college subscription it stands as a mute testimony that plant over to the National Church as soon as it can sometimes the missionary understands the people wisely administer and finance its maintenance, a with whom he works and for whom he pours out meeting of the session of the local nationalized a life of service. church for receiving a number of candidates on profession of faith and six crowded weeks come to Three days later the political factions that have an end. been at bitter odds for the past twelve years in our city agreed to unite in a common program for a Is it worth while? Are we delivering the goods? forward advance in the city. The Brazilian pastor Do we understand the people we wish to serve? of our local church was the principal orator at the Do we love them, which is even more important? public demonstration and is generally acceded to Have we a Gospel that can be interpreted and have had the most active part in making this get- transfused into the lives of those among whom together possible. It is hard for North Americans we work? Or are we guilty of all the accusations to understand to what extent these political fac- of "The Case of the Heathen"? Only Christ Himtions divide a town-not only politically but so- self can judge us fully. cially and even in commercial interests. I attended the banquet as a guest of the political OAN I? group, although as a foreigner I exert no political influence whatsoever. Can I meet my Lord with greedy hands Full of the gains of houses and lands, The following week we held evangelistic serv- When "Give" and "Reap" were His commands? ices in our schools for our five hundred pupils. While we bring to bear no religious coercion upon Can I meet my Lord with weary hands our students, as most of them come from Roman While Defeat ~oods in on the battle sands, Catholic homes, we proceed upon a normal basis And "Pray" and "Reap" were His commands? of religious instruction and Gospel preaching, and for this procedure we offer no apology. A goodly Can I meet my Lord with empty hands number manifested their desire to follow Christ. While the rich, ripe harvest whitening stands, And "Go" and "Reap" were His commands? Off to the national capital again I say goodbye to a number of friends who are leaving the coun- -FRANCES PAUL, The Alliance Weekly. try, missionaries and otherwise. One of them has just completed one of the most successful edu- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO Consecrating the New Officers the consecration prayer. The commanded will also empower for the audience and officials joined in endeavor. (This officer is chairman A good autumnal opening for singing, "Crown Him with Many of the program committee.) Crowns." The new president the year's work is an installa- gave the closing address outlin- *** tion service so meaningful as to ing the objectives for the new To the President: We bring to impress both the new leaders and year. The (abbreviated) ritual the membership with the im- was as follows: Christ a crown of pure white lilies. portance and the spiritual nature As the colors of the rainbow unite to form a ray of white light, so the of the task before them. A con- To the Treasurer: We bring to officers of this society–crowned in the secration service adapted from Christ this crown of roses. Red stands rainbow tints-will unite to support material previously given in THE for sacrifice, a token of that divine and sustain our president in the re- REVIEW was used in the Gran- quality without which the great task sponsibility which is hers. White ville, Ohio, Baptist church and given us will never be accomplished. typifies not only purity but singleness proved deeply impressive. The May our opening year's work be of purpose. floral symbols – either fro m worthy the "Well Done" of the Masfresh or artificial flowers-may ter. Response: In my own strength I be varied to suit the season. feel inadequate to accept such respon- Response: I assume this duty in sibility; but remembering the words A regally draped armchair ele- the name of the Master who said: of Paul who said, "I can do all things "He that is faithful in that which is through Christ who strengtheneth least is faithful also in much." me," I pledge you my utmost endeavor to cooperate with the membership of vated on the platform was the *** this society to advance the cause to which we are all committed. center of a semi-circle in which To the Recording Secretary: We bring to Christ this crown of calen- *** the outgoing officers were seated. dulas. Orange stands for loyalty and President's commission to the Chair- Rising, the retiring president faithfulness, without which we cannot me'l1; of Committees: These flowers, gave the keynote address on the serve acceptably our Leader, Jesus gathered from many sources and paramount need for consecrated . Christ. bound together as a bouquet from the Response: I accept this task in the Garden of the King, bring to you our missionary endeavor, both at desire that you, with your varied duhome and abroad, in meeting the words of the apostle who said. "Be ties and tasks, shall all unite in one ye steadfast, immovable, a I way s blessed bond of service called Brothercrucial needs of the hour. The abounding in the work of the Lord." hood. Each one of you is necessary to complete a perfect Garland of Sacinvesting officer then led forward *** rificial Love.

the new treasurer, who knelt on To the Corresponding Secretary: Orientals in American Life a cushion at the front of the plat- We bring to Christ a crown of yel- low pansies. Yellow suggests sun- Mrs. B. P. Heubner, instructor form to receive her charge and a shine and pansies are for thoughts. in The Standard Leadership beautiful floral crown. Rising, Course in the Interdenomina- May the messages which go to the sick tional Summer School of Misshe faced the audience and voiced and the shut-ins carry cheer and the sions at Lake Geneva, Wisconher vows of consecration, after understanding sympathy manifested sin, used as a basis for her by Him who comforteth us in all our teaching an outline which not which she took the seat vacated afflictions. only furnished a structural plan in the semi-circle. Similarly each for presenting the text but gave Response: I receive this trust in aims, objectives, thought quesretiring officer was received and the spirit of the apostle who said, tions, practical suggestions for gearing in the subject matter replaced by the corresponding "God comforteth us in all our tribula- with current life and thinking, as tion, that we may be able to comfort well as an excellent list of renew one. The last to be invested them which are in any trouble, by the search projects and service acwas the president who, when tivities, these last being the comfort wherewith we ourselves are prime values of all mission study. crowned, assumed the elevated comforted of God." The outline was prepared with the double objective of being chair for a moment, then made *** used as a guide for mission study her vow and called forward the To the First Vice-President: We chairmen of all standing commit- bring to Christ a crown of violets. tees, pinning on each a spray of Violet stands for faith; and without flowers as an investment token. faith in our Leader, we dare not at- All the officers and committee tempt the tasks that will be ours in chairmen stood with bowed the opening year. heads while the pianist played softly, "Take My Life and Let It Response: I assume these new du- Be," the pastor's wife offering ties in the spirit and strength of the Master, who said: "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature," realizing that He Who [415 ] and also as a basis for programs take toward securing modifica- Katherine S. Cronk; thought throughout the year. Space lim- tion of the naturalization laws?" question, "What is my responsiitations prevent our giving more bility as a Christian American" ? than a few high lights of Mrs. CHAPTER 3: "America's New- Heubner's outline. She may be The research projects and reached at 56 East Fremont St., est Oriental, the Filipino," and service activities are of prime Galesburg, Illinois, for copies of Chapter 4, "Light from Hawai- value, but only a few can be inthe full text at ten cents each. ian Experiences," aim to give dicated: Two preliminary suggestions better understanding of the Fili- Charts recording a survey of Oriare made: (1) Do not spend too pino's status and problems in the entals in your community, occupamuch time on the past, nor on tional, recreational and religious affil- U. S. and to contrast the Orien- iations indicated. statistics which are easily for- tal's situation on the mainland gotten. Use both to emphasize and in the islands. Among the as- A bibliography of material in your facts or trends affecting the fu- denominational publications, classified ture. (2) Apply to personal ex- signments are: A debate on Phil- as articles, stories, plays, leaflets, ilperiences within the group the ippine independence; a discus- lustrations, etc. principles established by scientific and scholarly studies of hu- sion on the way it would affect A classified and descriptive tabulaman relationships and by Chris- Filipinos in the U. S., in their in- tion of Christian projects among our ternational relations – with Ja- Orientals. A study of the New Testatian teaching. pan in particular, and missionary ment, especially of Luke, in regard to race relations-how Jesus met peo- In CHAPTER 1, on "The Trans- work on the Islands; discussion ple, principles upon which He based formation of Chinatown," the .:……Is the Filipino a menace or an relationships with people, discrepanaim is to secure a background of asset to American life?; an orig- cies between our understanding and information about Chinese in inal dramatization from pp. 85- our practice, etc. America-historical, racial and 94 of the text presenting the environmental. The optional as- Scrapbooks of newspaper and magsignments and devices are: Map problems indicated. azine clippings on the study theme. study, locating nationalities with colored pins; an opinion or true- CHAPTER 5: "The Riddle of Showing of pertinent motion and false test, this to be repeated at stereopticon pictures. the end of the course to discover the Future," seeks to face the changes of opinion; the starting situation confronting Orientals Preparing of supplies for aScerof "Friendship Tours" among tained needs at Christian Centers Orientals; getting impressions in the U. S. and to find the Chris- dealing with Orientals, having an exof any who have visited a China- tian solution of the problems in- hibition and public explanation of town; readings from "China- volved. The assignments include: these before sending. An analysis of your prejudices town Quest," "The Color Line" Individual correspondence with Ori- (a play,) and a review of "Lim against Orientals – based on entals in such Homes or Centers. Yik Choy" to awaken desire to hearsay, economic fear, personal acquaintance with undesirables, Presentation of a public program read it. dislike of physical appearance, gained from study course, or embrac- etc.; dialogue presenting pro's ing all your denominational agencies CHAPTER 2: "What About the and con's of interscholastic con- engaged in the work considered. Japanese?" aims to secure fun- tests within race lines; a review damental information about the of "Gold Mountain"; a sympo- A public meeting with a qualified Japanese and the factors deter- sium with six or more imperson- Oriental speaker. mining their status in the U. S. ating Oriental young people- Among the assignments are: A guest occasion with Oriental Writing a letter to a Japanese Chinese boy and girl, Japanese friends present. friend in Japan explaining the boy and girl, etc., presenting difexclusion policy of the U. S.; ficulties confronting them in Arrange "A Century of Progress" Asking the class for substitu- America; list answers to, "What with Orientals in America. tions for the Exclusion Act; Dis~ can we (or J) do about it?" Present the play, "The Color Line." cussion on "How do alien land CHAPTER 6: "How Can the Friendship Tours, carefully prelaws affect the Japanese as to Church Help?" endeavors to for- pared and followed up. housing, living standards, place mulate our responsibility for An International Forum, with repof residence, acquisition of Orientals in our midst, and to resentatives of all Orientals and some American ideas, ways of spend- discover and accept "my individ- Americans to discuss: "What are the ing money, desirability as U. S. ual responsibility." The outline next steps in international cooperaresidents, etc.? Impersonation or suggests: A review of your de- tion?" dialogue presenting impressions nomination's work among Amer- Joint meetings with groups of Oriof America made upon recently ican Orientals; listing advan- ental young people–college students, arrived Japanese (using Mrs. tages of separate church units business young people, etc. Sugimoto's "A Daughter of the for Oriental youth; a study of Show and report on a practical Samurai"); Suggestion of the our university and college proj~ friendship with an Oriental for a pequestion, "What steps can we riod of at least six months. ects to aid Oriental students; a review of Huie Kin's "Reminis- "Sharing-Materials" censes"; a "Pop-Corn Period" for sentence statements of facts As usual, your Department abo u t deIKlminational w 0 r k Editor spent her summer within among Orientals; use of the hail of a series of denominational study, "God in Your Home," by m iss ion a r y conferences for young and old, collecting grist for her methods mill. In addi- tion to greatly enlarged enroll- ments at these conferences, the most encouraging feature has been the evidence of increased missionary reading and study, particularly among young peo- ple. There is no surer way to im-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

plement the Great Commission of men, women, young people music and a brief address based on a than through setting our church and children. cha.pter from one of the mission study folk to reading the missionary books. books and magazines provided in ADULT AND GENERAL such abundance and such attrac- The Reformed Church in the United tive form, although dramatic and Under the auspices of the Congrega- States writes that some of their other visual presentations may tional Educational Society, small trav- Church Schools are conducting misbe necessary at the start to cre- eling libraries consisting of 10 books sion study instead of their currently ate appetite. "Sharing" is easily each are packed in substantial fibre provided lessons in their classes Sunthe key word Qf religious think- cases and sent by mail or express to day mornings. Six weeks in the spring ing nowadays. Choice tid-bits churches or church schools for a and six in the fall were thus used by from the aforementioned confer- month's use at a time, with the under- all classes. The men-at first relucences will be furnished through standing that the books shall then be tant to attempt it-became so interestthis department from month to passed on to another locality or group. ed that they did not want to stop, but month. Meanwhile one of the In some instances the books are all for have continued writing in for more infinest repositories of source ma- children, in others all for young peo- formation on the various topics. A terial your editor has discovered ple or adults; but as a rule each case striking result of this study has been is in a bulletin which terms itself contains two books for the primary the fact that this church paid the high- "Sharing-Materia!." age, two for juniors, two for interme- est amount of its denominational ap- diates, two for young people and two portionment of any church in the At the meeting of the Inter- for adults. In addition to securing the Classis for the year; and for the first reading of these books, the travel li- quarter of the current year they paid national Council of Religious brary service results in introducing 100% ! reading .matter of this type to the Education several months ago, various age groups and suggesting that YOUNG PEOPLE the Professional Advisory Sec- there is really interesting material on the subject of missions (often consid- From the Presbyterians comes a tion on Missionary Education ered an arid area). For the amount report on a plan providing for the of money invested, the Congregational- young people staking ten-dollar claims decided to send out two bulletins ists have decided that this travel li- in the places at home and abroad a year incorporating the best in- brary service secures greater results which have been set aside especially formation, methods of working, in the field of missionary education for their interest and support. A plans, etc., sent in by the several than any other single item in their check list is provided containing about denominations involved. Bulle- budget. During 1933 sixty-five of 50 items and describing briefly these tin No. One was prepared by these libraries resulted in the reading various activities in which the groups Corliss P. Hargraves and con- of between 12,000 and 15,000 books, are invited to participate. The young sists of 18 large pages of choice one group reporting 59 books read in people's publications then furnish mamaterial in mimeographed form three weeks. terial to keep the groups informed and carefully classified accord- after "claims" have been staked. ing to age groupings. A second In somewhat similar connection, the bulletin is due to appear this fall, Baptist Board of Education secures The Department of Epworth League with Dr. John L. Lobinger as its an amazing amount of missionary and Young People's Work of the compiler. Bulletin No. One con- reading through a carefully planned Methodist Episcopal Church has what National Missionary Reading Contest. is known as the Twenty-Four-Hourtains the following suggestions: * Extensive lists of missionary reading Day Plan, contributed dollars carry- for all ages are furnished the churches, ing on work jointly here and on the Certain common procedures who then purchase their own volumes other side of the world thus continuamong all denominations are and libraries. ously, by daylight. Every dollar contaken for granted, such as (1) tributed is divided to carry out this The use of the Church School as The Protestant Episcopal Church, conception. Study work is carried on the channel offering major op- through its Woman's Auxiliary, seeks centering around this project, bulleportunity for missionary educa- to develop the reading habit, particu- tins, letters, round-robins, etc., bring tion. (2) The use of Church larly among those who do not attend the latest news and maintain interest. Schools of Missions or Training classes. A series of reading courses Nights, with classes graded for is set up somewhat along the line of Ask the Baptist Board of Educathe different age groups. (3) the "Reading with a Purpose" of the tion whether boys can be interested in The use of special days or anni- American Library Association. An- missions! They have a World Outlook versary occasions as opportuni- other briefer line of booklets called organization for boys with the allu~: ties to emphasize some phases of "The Today Series" is used, each book- ing name, "The Royal Ambassadors, missionary education. (4) Gen- let packed just full of concise, reada- its purpose being to cultivate in these erous use of promotional and ble matter on its subject. boys an attitude of friendliness toeducational materia!. (5) Re- ward the boys in other lands, and an liance upon the Missionary Edu- The Foreign Missionary Society of appreciative understanding of world cation Movement for the basic the United Brethren Church publishes missionary enterprises. The organimission study material. (6) In- a 40-page booklet entitled, "Our Fa- zation numbers over 650 chapters, creasing use of pictures, stereop- ther's Family" which contains 35 daily reaching about 15,000 boys. Summer ticons, motion pictures, drama, Scripture readings and coordinated encampments are held in attractive etc. (7) Age-group organizations material to acquaint the reader with places. the Nationals of the younger churches * Bulletin No.2, and remaining copies of on the mission fields, the story of each FOR CHILDREN National (man or woman) being con- Bulletin No.1, may be obtained at 25 cents densed into three-quarters of a page Many are already familiar with the each from Miss Ruth Helnmiller, 2929 West but so clearly and interestingly writ- Methodist plan for "Mystery Moth- 25th St.. Cleveland, Ohio. ten that one does not feel the narra- ers" and "Mystery Sisters." Each tive to be cramped. woman in the older society chooses a young person as heir "Mystery Daugh- From a North Dakota Presbyterian ter," keeping her own name secret. church comes word that the women's Throughout the year the mother sends church and missionary federation is to her protegee happy, personal letters sponsoring a monthly broadcast deal- inclusive at times of interesting mis- ing with leading books for missionary sion field anecdotes, a birthday and a education. Response to this plan has Christmas present of modest value, been so favorable that it has been en- etc. Then in the spring there is a larged to include a weekly afternoon banquet at which the mysteries are program inclusive of a hymn, special solved. The same plan is carried out between younger and older girls. It is of great value in quickening interest and opening channels.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,~,~~~==~===============~ "In Beans" The Test of Leadership service of prayer beginning in Children of Migrant laboring families engaged in agricultural "The general public is at the New Zealand and the Fiji Iswork are unprotected by present bar of judgment. The measures lands, and ending about forty child labor legislation. Henry A. now being tried and any others hours later in Honolulu, after Wallace, Secretary of Agricul- which give any promise of a Christians in more than fifty ture, writes about the situation cure of our social sickness, de- countries have un i ted their in the July issue of The Country mand an integrity, a spirit of prayers and pledged themselves Home. to the bearing of one another's Twenty states have ratified fair play, a capacity for long burdens. To bear another's burthe proposed Chi I d Lab 0 r views, a willingness to surren- dens or endeavor to do so means Amendment to the federal con- der personal privilege and to life and the presence of the more stitution. Sixteen more would Abundant Life. make it the law of the land. The share, such as have seldom been amendment reads: sought at the hands of any popu- The theme "Bear Ye One An- lation in peace time. The inaugu- other's Burdens" was chosen in "MIGRANT CHILDREN IN CRANBERRY ration of a New Era largely 1932 in Herrnhut, Germany, CAMP" awaits the appearance of enough during the meeting of the Inter- new people with new social out- national Missionary Council by "Section 1. The Congress looks and attitudes. Codes alone the Baroness van Eoetzelaer van shall have power to limit, regu- cannot give us a better society. Dubbeldam, Holland. She was late, and prohibit the labor of There must be consecrations, asked to develop the theme into persons under eighteen years of the program for 1935. It is beage. too. ing translated into many lan- guages and will be used in many "Section 2. The power of the "The church also is on trial. several states is unimpaired by How can it urge cooperation in lands. this article except that the op- economic life and at the same eration of state laws shall be sus- time be unwilling to move for- In preparation for the Day all pended to the extent necessary to ward in effective cooperation of us are asked to pray for, give effect to legislation enacted by Congress." among denominations? Can it Many people object to this call forth devotion to the public The missionary enterprise and mislaw, arguing that, if it were welfare and create social lead- sionaries throughout the world; a passed, children could no longer ership of extraordinary courage, quickened conscience tow a r d the do their chores or help a neigh- unless its ministers show equal world's burden bearers; justice for bor in a busy season. devotion and courage in social all without respect to race, class, or creed; understanding between indi- Secretary Wallace denies this. The article is called "The Bug- interpretation and action? Can viduals, classes, races, and nations; aboos of Child Labor." the church foster social idealism willingness to accept today the sac- and inspire resolute action to rifices involved for us all in the build- break the power of entrenched ing of a better world. selfishness, if large sections of it deny or are indifferent to the It may be of profound interest to you to review the themes for social implications of the Gos- the World Day of Prayer as Del ?"-From Labor Sun day practiced around the world in the Message, 1934, issued by the Ex- last fifteen years. Begin with- ecutive Committee of the Fed- 1934 Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem eral Council of the Churches of 1933 Follow Thou Me 1932 Hold Fast in Prayer Christ in America. _ 1931 Ye Shall Be My Witnesses A Call to Prayer 1930 That Jesus May Be Lifted Up 1929 That They All May Be One You, your church, and your 1928 Breaking Down Barriers community are invited to take 1927 Pray Ye Therefore part in the World Day of Prayer 1926 In Everything by Prayer observances on the first Friday 1925 Even as Thou Wilt in Lent, March 8, 1935. On that 1924 The Spirit of Power Day there will be a continuing 1923 The Light of the World 1922 A Service of Prayer and Praise opening with Tennyson's "More [418 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

things are wrought by prayer Help us in the spirit of our than this world dreams of" 1921 The World to Christ We Bring Lord's Prayer to build the kind In 1917 a Call to prayer was of world which will tend to make sent out closing with the appeal, men good. Lead us not into Oh, pray to God for us, Poor world, so filled with war and temptation. Deliver us from the crime evils of war and of an economic Oh pray for "Peace on Earth!" system which places profit above For us for whom Christ died. Oh, friends of God and man, personality. Lead us into that Pray, Oh Pray! Amen. cooperative commonwealth of In November of the same year a Day of Prayer was set aside God in which all the families of with the theme, "America for Humanity – A Challenge for the earth shall be blessed. Service." To the editor there was something fearfully solemn As we press toward Thy Kingin the next line "Woman's Day November 22,1917." Three one- dom, grant us the boldness of hour programs were prepared. the early Christians of whom it To the possible questions-Did the women pray? And to what was said that they turned the result? the answer might be another question, What if the wom- world upside down. Keep us en and men of the years since 1915 had not prayed? Such ques- from hurt surprise at enmity tions are rightly asked. They bear a resemblance to the ques- and opposition in church and tion "Shall these have died in vain?" which the world asks state. For a disciple is not above now at least once a year during Armistice Week. his Lord, and so persecuted they In conclusion we return to the the prophets. Call of Prayer as stated above and ask, Are we strong enough BARON AND BARONESS VAN BOETZE- Increase our faith in Thee, 0 spiritually today to accept the invitation to "Bear Ye One An- LAER VAN DUBBELDAM God, and in a moral universe that other's Burdens"? is Vice President of the World's we may have grace to seek these Meet the Baroness International Missionary Coun- . ends by moral means. In Thy cil. At the Jerusalem Meeting, Some years ago many of us in she presided over the meetings fatherly goodness, wilt Tho u New York City were delighted help the disinherited workers of to be invited "To Meet the of the women delegates. She is the world in their struggle for Prince." Some went because of a member of the Board of the freedom and equality, but save the author of the play. Many Missionary Society in Utrecht, them f110m the soul-destroying went because of the happy title, Holland. The Baroness arranged bitterness and hatreds of class and occasion. the schedule for Dr. Stanley war. J ones' speaking tour in Holland The Baron and Baroness W. last year. Grant to us the blessing of E. van Boetzelaer van Dubbel- orderly processes in soc i a I dam, Holland, are here pre- In using the program for the change. Restrain from the methsented. World Day of Prayer, March 8, 1935, one will surely meet the od of violence, both those who Both the Baron and Baroness spirit of the author. The pro- would appropriate for society, have been active in working for grams to be used in the U. S. A. and those who would protect for closer cooperation among the va- will be ready for distribution by themselves the vested interests rious organizations in the Neth- November or earlier. of accumulated wealth. Voucherlands. The family includes safe to our owning class that three children, two boys and a mind which was in Christ Jesus girl, and lives on a lovely old estate near Utrecht. The Baron Prayer for a Christian Social who counted not privilege and is a member of the Netherlands power to be grasped, but emptied Parliament. He was formerly Order Missions Consul of the Nether- himself for the service of man. lands Indies. Almighty God, ceaseless Crea- Through the spiritual compul- tor of the ever-changing worlds, sions of sacrificial love, by the The Baroness van Boetzelaer Energy divine, Spirit of life, power of the cross, may Thy clothed in mystery, yet manifest Kingdom come, Thy will be done in the cosmic urge moving in all nature toward m 0 r e perfect on earth. forms; we thank Thee for Thy Gladden now our eyes, we be- continued presence in the mind and heart of man, making him seech Thee, 0 God, with a nearer ever discontent with things as vision of that perfect day when they are, urging him forever on- ward and upward on his way. none shall hurt nor destroy in all Thy holy mountain, for the We thank Thee, 0 God, for earth shall be full of the knowl- exalted visions of the eternal edge of the Lord as the waters destiny of man, and for all the cover the sea. dreams of a divine society on In the name of Jesus Christ, our Lord, Amen.

earth, foretold by seers through- From Prayers for Self and Society, by Rev. James Myers. Industrial Secretary, Fed- out the centuries, and proclaimed eral Council of the Churches of Christ in by Jesus in the glad tidings of America, 105 East 22d Street, New York the Kingdom of God. City, 15c. each; discounts ou orders in quantity.

ASIA A few days later a girl student sion to transfer all its mission-

answered that the medical stu- aries and work from Rezaieh to Communion in Five Languages dent was talking nonsense, and other points in Persia; the Gov- that the only reason for men not ernment desiring that no for- A joint communion service in wanting to marry was their eigners remain in the Rezaieh the American Mission Church, wish for freedom from responsi- area, or in the zone immediately Beirut, was an evidence of the bility and their desire for liber- lying along the western frontier internationalizing influence of ty. "If wives should know of Persia. The Government has Christianity. A congregation of housekeeping, why should not agreed to take over the mission 600 joined the communion serv- husbands know what their duties properties at a reasonable comice in the Armenian, English, are towards their wives? If the pensation and approves of the lo- French, German and Turkish moving pictures are not good for cation of the missionary force at languages, and ministers of as girls, they are not good for other stations of the Mission. many Protestant churches made boys." The Rev. Hugo A. Muller says: the announcements, each in his own language. The congrega- Herein is the sign of a chang- After our departure, the Protestant tional singing and responses, al- ing Persia. Church in Rezaieh and in the fifteen though in unison, were in the or twenty village centers, with their different languages. A similar -C. M. S. Outlook. several hundreds of members and hunservice was held in Antoura, dreds more of adherents, will struggle Syria, more than 100 years ago. Mosque Neglected on under very discouraging circum- stances. They need your sympathetic Smyrna College As evidence that Christianity prayers. Persecution is nothing new is alive in Persia, the Presbyter- to them, and whether it is God's will The well known International ian Advance cites this instance: that they should bear up under it in College of Smyrna has termi- their ancestral home, or be like leaven nated its work by decision of its A nominal Moslem writer in a Per- distributed through the realm and trustees. The aollege is char- sian daily paper recently entitled an bear their witness in a score of centered under Massachusetts law, article "Desolate Nests." He described ters instead of one, in either case they and its degrees in arts and sci- a recent visit to a city in which is are desperately in need of your prayences have high standing both found one of the most beautiful of ers and ours, that the Holy Spirit may abroad and in the Near East. Persian mosques, once a great reli- preserve them and the Christ shep- Formerly patronized by the va- gious center. and. in the same city, an herd them. rious nationalities, for the past Armenian Christian Church. In the twelve years its patronage has mosque he found ruin and desolation; INDIA been almost exclusively Turkish. in the Christian cathedral, order and No announcement has been made beauty. "Through all the years," he New Questions Asked as to plans for the use of the val- says, "the one has had good care; the uable property or the disposition other has been neglected. There is no Evangelists report that India of the large staff. wonder at this, because nations or peo- is beginning to ask the mission- ple who believe in their God and are aries a new set of questions. It A Persian Woman Speaks attached to their holy places really used to be that the Gospel mes- take care of them. In one corner of sage was met with strong oppo- In a Persian newspaper there the mosque, charcoal is stored and sition and unbelief, or with the appeared a recent article by a sold, in another corner bricks are statement that India's religions medical student who gave as the piled, with all sorts of dirt. Can we fill her needs. Now, it is often reason why young men do not who have our places of worship filled frankly admitted that "Idol wormarry, that present-day girls do with dirt hope for salvation from ship is meaningless. Caste must not make good wives. He says God?" Islam is going-what is to re- be abolished. God has created that girls are superstitious; place it in the hearts and lives of all men on an equal basis." Then they have an education at school Persians? come the questions: "Where has which teaches them everything this Christian faith been kept but house-wifery; they go to the Urumia Closed hidden all these years? Why cinema where they see undesir- have twenty centuries gone by able films; they are extravagant In October one hundred years and we are only hearing now? and do not consider the comfort ago, the Rev. Justin Perkins, What authority is back of the of their husbands. first missionary to establish resi- religion of Jesus? Can we accept dence in Urumia, now Rezaieh, Jesus Christ without being bap- entered Persia. Two years ago tized ?" the Presbyterian Mission had a plan for commemorating the centenary, but the Persian Gov- ernment has directed the Mis- [420]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Uphill Work ment is to be made regarding thIS lage who had studied in England matter, but it is hoped that pastors of but failed in all his courses, re- Speaking of the difficulties congregations will bring this to the turned with one idea, e. g., that that beset the missionary, the attention of their people, and invite all there is no God and the Bible Rev. Stephen Neill says in his who believe in prayer to unite in this only a line of fables. If they recent book: ministry of intercession. would follow him he would or- ganize a big company, they The greater part of missionary Memorial to Sundar Singh would soon be rich and have no work in India today is the care of the need for God. Thinking that he Christian Church. In many places the The executors of Sadhu Sun- had come from England, the initial impulse of conversion has died dar Singh's will are anxious to source of all wisdom, they blindaway. The Church often consists of carry out the wishes of the Sad- ly followed, except for a few the grandchildren and great-grand- hu, in regard to the evangeliza- faithful ones who stood by the children of the original Christians, tion of Hill States and Tibet. young pastor. But he was so who are very much like the grand- They have decided to establish overwhelmed by the wholesale children and great-grandchildren of an ashram in Subathu, Simla disaffection of his flock, and Christians in England. In any Eng- Hills, in the house of the late threats of leaders that they lish parish will be found three classes Sadhu. There is a v a i I a b Ie would shoot him if he went into of people; a small group of converted enough endowment to support the chapel to lead services, that Christians, with a living experience of four sadhus. It is felt that such he went into the hills to meditate the power of Christ; a large number an ashram will react on the spir- and pray, and wait till the storm of good church-goers, whose religion is ituallife of the Church of North blew over. Just at that time a external and conventional; a still India. When the ashram wins young roustabout who had had greater number who are wholly in- the confidence of the Church, it a bad record, and had never paid different and rarely darken the church is hoped that the receipts of the any attention to religion, began door. All these groups are to be ashram may be augmented by to get interested in the situation. found among Indian Christians, donations from the public. His native nobility began to asthough the second tends to be larger, sert itself. He said: "We surethe third much smaller than at home. -Indian Witness. ly need God if we are going to do right. I will lead the wor- But there is another factor in the More Doctors Wanted ship in this town." So ringing Indian situation. The church is a the bell and taking his Bible and small island in a vast ocean of Hindu- The Statesman, Allahabad, re- hymnbook, and a good big club, ism. The village Christian is at all ports the need for more Chris- he went into the chapel and held times breathing in through every pore tian doctors for rural India. Al- service with only three in the non – Christian superstitions, non – though in the big cities the num- hall that would hold 500. At noon Christian ideals, non-Christian stand- ber of doctors is adequate, the he repeated the effort and about ards, which corrupt and destroy the villages of India are in great 20 were brave enough to aclife that is within him. -Parish work need of medical relief. In the company him. Now the numbers in England is like pushing a heavy 750,000 villages live 90 per cent have come up to 40 and they are stone along level ground. Getting the of the total population. There still growing. The day I was stone moving is hard work, but once are in India only about 25,000 there about 90 were in the it is moving, it will roll some distance licensed doctors to a population chapel. The headman told me by its own momentum. Parish work of 351,000,000-or one doctor to that lawlessness appreciably inin India is like pushing a heavy stone 14,000 people. In the British creased when the Bible had been up a steep hill. The moment pressure Isles there is one doctor to every thrown away. The young man is slackened, the stone begins to run 920 people and in the United who revived the worship seems down hill. Harm done by one year of States one to every 780 people. to have been really converted, neglect can hardly be repaired by ten In the Central provinces of India and is one of the few who are years of labor. there is only one doctor to every making up the church choir." 35,714 people. India has 250 -C. M. S. Gleaner. mission hospitals, nearly all hav- Independent Church for Siam ing dispensaries attached, and League of Intercession 90 other dispensaries. These Christianity has progressed to hospitals treat about 180,000 in- such an extent that last year the Many earnest Christians of all patients and 2,560,000 out-pa- Siamese prepared to organize an denominations in India have sig- tients annually. independent church. China, the nified their willingness to join a Philippines, Chosen, Northern League of Intercession and to Outlaw Become.s Leader India, Japan, Brazil and Mexico sign the Prayer Covenant. There already have national churches, seems to be renewed hope that Rev. H. I.. Marshall, Baptist entirely independent of any forsome solution of communal dif- missionary at Insein, Burma, eign group. The General Assemficulties may be found. The In- writes of a remarkable change bly of the Presbyterian Church dian Witness commends the fol- that came over a Karen town, in the U. S. A. has adopted the lowing statement for careful where a church was under the following overture: reading: leadership of a young graduate of the Karen Theological Semi- A group of Indian and missionary nary. "A young man of the vilworkers have felt constrained by God's Spirit to enter upon a new effort to make intercessory prayer effective in the Church in behalf of a true spiritual revival. This endeavor seeks to unite the prayer forces of Christ's followers in this land. Accordingly, an Appeal for Prayer, and also a Covenant to be signed by those who wish to join the League, have been prepared. No further published state-

The General Assembly of the Pres- hygiene, agriculture, church and months, and now at Camphor byterian Church in the U. S. A., has national affairs, devotional helps Tree Hill is a group of 20 or 30 received the request of the Presbytery for Bible teaching, songs and inquirers, mostly men, as a reof North Siam and the Presbytery of spiritual messages. The Rev. sult of their work. "Here I am, South Siam to be released from their Hugh Hubbard and Mr. T. H. an old man of 67; I've been connection with this General Assembly Sun, a farmer's son, are to live gambling all my life, and now in order to become part of a National in country villages, directing for four months, I haven't gam- Christian Church in Siam. The Board rural work while developing the bled once, and I love my new of Foreign Missions recognizes this value and circulation of this faith," says one of the leaders action in organizing a National Chris- Christian paper am o.n g the of Camphor Hill Group. tian Church as in accordance with farming population. This will the pohcy followed throughout its his- accentuate the more effective Sinkiang Declares Indetory and many times approved by evangelistic approach to the vilearlier General Assemblies. The Gen- lagers. pendence eral Assembly therefore releases the Presbytery of North Siam and the Leprosarium for Shanghai Sinkiang, or Chinese Turke- Presbytery of South Siam from their stan, the Chinese dependency to connection with the General Assembly The Chinese Mission to Lepers the nO!'th of Tibet, has declared and approves the participation of the is sponsoring a drive to erect a its independence of China. The churches and the ministers involved in $60,000 leprosarium at Woo- part immediately involved is the the organization of the National sung, the port of Shanghai. It western section, which includes Church of Siam. It hereby dismisses is to be known as the National about three-fifths of the entire all the Siamese members of these Leprosarium of China. Shang- area. Sinkiang has had contacts Presbyteries to the newly organized hai alone has at least 2,000 lep- with China for nearly 4,000 Church of Siam, and instructs all mis- ers, and it is estimated that years, and has been under the sionary members of the two Presbyter- about a million in China suffer rule of that nation intermittently ies to establish membership at once in from leprosy. The proport[on of since the first century A. D. The Presbyteries in America connected these receiving treatment is not total population is slightly over with this General Assembly, authoriz- large. Shanghai is thus attack- two million, of which Chinese ing them meanwhile to accept such ing its leper problem in a new form a very small fraction. The relation to· the newly organized and effective way. Mission hos- prevailing religion is Moham- Church in Siam as that Church and pitals all have their leper clinics medanism, but there are many they themselves may desire. The Gen- and are touching the fringes of Buddhists, a number of whom eral Assembly prays the blessing of the problem, but a widespread are connected with the lamaism God upon the Presbyteries and the public health program is neces- of Tibet. There are some Rus- Church to be formed and trusts this sary. sian Baptists, a few groups of step will advance the cause of Christ Mennonites, and some Nestorin Siam. Virgin Field Transformed ians. The son of an English manufacturer from London, a CHINA Ten miles north of Changsha, convert to Mohammedanism, by along the river bank, lies a pros- name Khalid Sheldrake, has as- Opposition Waning perous section of hilly land near sumed the title of "King of Is- the foot of a green-ridged moun- lamestan," and claims the over- Two incidents show how the tain called Ku Shan. There is lordship of Sinkiang. opposition to Christianity is no "street," pure country, with passing. A group of Nanking mud-walled, t hat c h-r 0 0 fed C. E. in Manchuria Theological Seminary students houses quite substantial in size, who toured the city in a truck on set in picturesque tangerine Christian Endeavor was in- Christmas Eve, singing Christ- groves, for most of these farm- augurated in East Manchuria mas carols, visited government ers are citrus growers. There is four years ago. Gradually, fifbuildings and the government also much bamboo, woo d e d teen groups organized, but aduniversity. They did not meet paths, and occasional ponds and verse conditions, bandit attacks with opposition, but were wel- rice paddies. The people have and Communist activity proved comed in some places. A few been relatively untouched by a severe setback, and it is not years ago no one would have Communist troubles, since they surprising that ten groups were dared such an adventure. live west of the river, and hence disbanded. It was then decided they are less poverty-stricken to publish a Christian Endeavor The other incident occurred at than most of Huuan's farmers. Union Bulletin to encourage the a dinner, given by the Nanking Six months ago this was virgin folk in lonely districts during Bankers' Association; one of the field to the Gospel, quite un- these trying times. The aim has Christian men present began touched, not one Christian, not been to place a copy in the home playing Christmas carols on the one inquirer. But a band of six of every church member in East piano. This brought up the sub- Hunan Bible Institute evangel- Manchuria. The Union has ject of Christmas, whereupon ists have been working the field g a i ned such confidence that one of the non-Christian bankers intensively during the last few financial assistance to make this asked what Christmas was all possible has been secured, about anyway. The Christian banker then gave a Christian message to these influential men., Rural Family Paper A new Christian rural paper will be established in China to r~ach the family with articles on

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Other services rendered are anniversary of the birth of Ma- 20,000 yen. A gift of 3,000 yen night classes for women five dam Yajima, its founder. Dele- was received from the Board of nights a week, training in sys- gates who assembled in Tokyo Church Extension in Tokyo, but tematic giving and efforts to- from various parts of the empire most of the money was given by ward more whole-hearted conse- numbered 220. Among the va- local Christians. Mrs. Inouye, cration.-Korean Echoes. rious accomplishments of the the wife of a carpenter who was past year was the placing of ma- not a Christian, had no means of JAPAN-CHOSEN terial on temperance education her ow:o, but took in sewing to in the 27,000 primary schools of make her church money, and Gospel Puppet Shows Japan. Plans for the coming pledged three hundred yen for year include the presentation the building fund. Nobody The popularity of puppet again before the diet of a bill thought she could pay it, but two shows suggested to the Rev. Aoy- proposing prohibition of drink- months before it was due, she ama Shiro of Nagoya, the idea ing under the age of 25, coopera- brought the whole three hundred of teaching Bible stories by this tion with W. C. T. U. circles in to her pastor, and a few days latmethod. It is reported by the Manchuria which are seeking to er she came to say that she had Japan Lutheran Bulletin that he keep the Japanese licensed house learned that another poor womhas presented the following evil from invading that region, an, a friend of hers, was not able stories in a most vividly drama- and efforts legally to prevent the to pay the fifty yen she had tic way: Jonah, the Prodigal rebuilding of licensed quarters in promised, and she asked if she Son and the Wise Men. Other fire-razed Hakodate. The mem- might not be allowed to pay this novel methods for betterment of bers of the Japanese W. C. T. U. also, without letting the other conditions are seen in "One Min- now numbering 8,239, and it is woman know who had paid it. ute Glimpses" of the Japan field, hoped soon to reach the 10,000 During the next two months she illustrated with pictures of the mark. brought the extra fifty yen. Her missionaries in postage-stamp husband was so touched by his size, which give the pages of the Women and Peace wife's earnestness that he has Japan Bulletin a uniquely inter- become a probationer. esting character. In order to The Woman's Peace Society, lower the 33% mortality rate, a now ten years old, circulated an -World Outlook. "Goat Club" has been established international Universal Disarmby the Ji Ai En at Kumamoto. ament petition, and in spite of ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC The plan is that goats are given popular interest in mil ita r y to the farmers with the provi- power, secured the signatures of Growth in Philippines sion that one goat from the first 150,000 people. The Peace litter should be loaned to a Movement in Japan is still in its The work of the Presbyterian neighboring farmer, thus in- infancy, and represents some- Church in the Philippines has creasing the number of goats, thing which is foreign to the been marked by a steady progwhose milk is so beneficial to spirit of old Japan. There has ress, not measured by numbers, babes. A similarly constituted been a great growth during re- but indicated by three definite "Pig Club" has had encouraging eent years in the fnternational signs: a stronger and more purprogress. outlook of the nation, and in this poseful organization; new and respect Christianity can claim a repaired buildings and a deepen- Kingdom of God Movement full share. A pioneer in the ing of the spiritual and moral Women's Movement of Japan life of the members. There have The year 1934 marks the clos- said at the Jerusalem meeting, been widespread evangelistic efing of the Kingdom of God "In Japan no religion, native or forts by the people. The "New Movement. Conferences for imported, except Christianity Converts' campaign" of one conmass training of Christians and has ever given woman the place ference, pledges every congregainquirers have been held in the of a person in its full and real tion to bring new members every ten largest cities of Japan, in sense in Japanese life. The seed three months at each quarterly which the study centered around which Christianity has already meeting. In the Manila Conferthe theme, "Matters Which Call sown has begun to bear fruit in ence there is an Evangelistic for Emphasis in Christian Evan- a fuller recognition of the worth League organized to carryon gelism for the Present Day." of woman, but the larger fruit- the work of pioneering which Matters that need to be empha- age is yet to be realized."-The the missionaries began. sized in rural, industrial, and Presbyterian. student centers were considered. The Philippine Mission has no The Christian message, as re- "The Second Mile" system of schools, as Governlated to present-day problems in ment schools are proving effithe fields of education, society, Rev. S. A. Stewart, who works cient, but in several places the loindustry and international life among the Japanese in Korea, cal churches are establishing elewere also discussed. tells of a new church building mentary grade schools for the in Fusan, finished just before children of the community. Centenary Commemoration Christmas. Eighty-fivemem- These are generally for the chil- bers there built a church costing dren in places where govern- The Japan W. C. T. U. has re- ment school privilages are not cently commemorated the 100th

adequate, usually in remote hill been taken off, and business was sary. It is a great gain that the towns and villages. They meet being done from Samoa. Battling Government has agreed to this.

a real educational need. It is against trade winds for 600 The future of the work among the Arnhem Land blacks, the encouraging to find students of a miles was too expensive. few years ago now filling places During these six years of iso- problem of staffing Groote Isof responsibility for the Master. lation the Church had gone land, and the future of the Roper Work is in progress for better steadily on, and members con- Station, are matters which are land production, and ma.ny who tinued their offerings with amaz- receiving earnest attention. have no money to give are being ing loyalty. Kare, the pastor, -C. M. S. Gleaner. encouraged to contribute fruit, brought to Mr. Bralsford five litvegetables, and chickens toward tle salt bags bulging with shiltheir pastor's support. NORTH AMERIOA lings and florins, and dumped Religion and Welfare Adventure of Faith them solemnly on the table. In A leaflet bearing the title, addition the people have paid the Religious and welfare leaders "An Adventure of Faith in the pastor his yearly salary and kept of the Jewish, Catholic and Prot- Philippines," is an account of estant faiths met recently and Church and Mission House in organized the "National Com- good repair.

the beginning and remarkable On Sundays, the church was mittee of Religion and Welfare growth of the Association of filled to the doors; and still Recovery," with Walter W. Baptists for Evangelism in the more remarkable was the fact Head of St. Louis, President of Orient. Founded in 1927, this that a large number of people the Boy Scouts of America, as Association now has twenty mis- on Wednesdays and Fridays Chairman; and Dr. E. Graham sionaries who conduct work in wait at the church for the light Wilson, G e n era I Secretary, several parts of the islands. In of early morning to strengthen Board of National Missions, 1928, thirty-two m e m b e r s sufficiently for service to begin. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. -L. M. S. Chronicle. A., as Chairman of the Execuformed the First Baptist church, tive Committee. Some 200 lead- Manila, which has grown to ers of various faiths have ac- cepted membership on the Namore than 400 members and is Maoris Thrive Again branching out into many sections of the city. Another fea- After declining in numbers tional Committee. The theme ture of the work is that of the for a full century following the for the year is to be "Turning to "Gospel Ship," which began in first contact with the white man, God." this way: the Presbyterian mis- statistics show that the Maori sion passed on to the Association race has taken fresh root in the The Orime Problem the work in the needy island of soil of New Zealand, and is be- The average person does not Palawan and the islands adjoin- ginning again to multiply. It is a know how much greater our ing. One of the missionaries case said to be almost unique in crime per 100,000 inhabitants was a sea captain. There were the history of colonization. Dur- is than that of other "Christhe islands and the captain- ing the year ending March 31st tian" countries, and that it costs but no boat. Then they learned last, Maoris increased three us 13 thousand million dollars that a mission boat was lying times as rapidly as the whites, so annually. He thinks of foreign idle in a harbor in Japan. In an- that they have definitely sur- foes, and does not dream that all swer to prayer and a woman's vived the white invasion. Americans who m foreigners gift the boat was commissioned ever killed in battle in all our for service in Philippine waters In Australia five foreign wars were fewer and now as a result several in than are killed every three years these islands have found Christ. Out of the critical situation by traffic disasters, which, since The boat is the former Fukuin caused by the Arnhem Land Ex- repeal of prohibition, are on the Maru which sailed the Inland pedition in Australia, some bene- increase. The Department of Sea, under command of Capt. fits have come to the aborigines. Justice informs us that in the Public opinion has been aroused, first three months of this year, Luke Bickel. and sympathy with the blacks out of the total number of ar- On Lonely Pukapuka has been increased; openings rests, four fifths were under 30 for mission work in the Arnhem years of age. Those aged 19 The little group of Christians Land Reserve have been given, were more numerous than any on Pukapuka, one of the North- and the Government approves other group. Bad environment, ern Cook Islands, gave Rev. H. such work being done; also at– ignorance, poverty and social in- P.' Bralsford a warm welcome tention is being given to the mat- justice account for the fact that when he paid them a visit of ter of the trial of blacks for of- Negroes, in proportion to the supervision in 1933. No Euro- fences against a law of which population, had the largest recpean missionary had been able they know nothing. A C.M.s; ord. The number of native to make the trip since 1927, be- d e put a t ion to the Minister white criminals was half again cause all ships running between stressed the necessity of some as great as that of foreign-born Rarotonga and Pukapuka had new form of trial being neces- whites.-Advance.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Since Repeal churches were originally of Ger- given him dominion over the man and Swiss extraction. works of his hands in partner- Court records in most parts of ship with Himself. As steward the country show a growing in- Of the e I eve n unions of of all he is and has, man's use crease in drunkenness since re- churches in the last three dec- and control of all entrusted to peal. Tabulation of figures for ades, most of them were consum- him is for the development of the first months of repeal as mated by homogeneous groups, his own character, the bettercompared with 1933 reveals: but this one is consummated be- ment of his fellowmen, the serv- New York City, 55.5 per cent in- tween two churches of the Prot- ice of Christ and the glory of crease; St. Louis, 23.5 per cent estant Reformation, possessing God. The true steward constantincrease; Los Angeles, 95.5 per the two significant strains of ly and joyfully recognizes and cent; Minneapolis, 16.2 per cent; Protestantism: Lutheran and acknowledges his stewardship. Boston, 21.4 per cent; Denver, Calvinistic. The new church is As a partner of his heavenly Fa- 116.6 per cent; Portland, Ore- composed of about 700,000 con- ther, he shares himself and his gon, 116.8 per cent; Duluth, 69.4 firmed members, and a large possessions with all mankind." per cent; Worcester, Massachu- constituency of you t h. Its setts, 54 per cent. The increase churches are found in 40 states. Copies of this new statement in drunkenness in Cincinnati have been sent to stewardship since the first of the year has -The Christian Century. leaders throughout the world. caused the city officials grave concern, according to press re- Church Accepts Responsibility -The Christian Century. ports. The records show that the city hospital admitted 218 pa- Seattle's Chi n e s e Christian Young People Awake tients suffering from alcoholism Center lost its Chinese pastor during January and February of last year, but the members have Dr. W. Harold Storm, Ara- 1934, as compared with 120 such rallied to the support of the bian medical missionary of the cases during the same period last work. One outstanding feature American Reformed Church, year.-Watchman-Examiner. has been the women's work. who is home on furlough, has They have planned and con- been addressing groups of young Temperance Seals ducted their own meetings, have people during the past few bought and served their own re- months. He writes: A small temperance seal, de- freshments, have sent hundreds signed by Mary Lewis Reed, of cards to women of the com- Everywhere I find that young people munity concerning the meetings, are responding in a truly remarkable with an acrostic suggested by as well as calling on one another way whenever they come face to face the late A. F. Schauffier, gives a and giving invitations to the with the real values in life. In these church services. They have troublesome times this is very sig- terse statment of bought material, and made up nificant. many White Cross garments. what alcohol will One night a woman cut more The Florida Missionary Assemblies do. The seal is in- than 400 quilt blocks to send to which covered thirteen cities in Flor- an Indian field. Another volun- ida held mass meetings for young peo- tended for mailed tarily canvassed the whole Chi- pIe; in several there were about 1,000 nese community and raised present and everywhere one found the matter, or may be money toward church expenses. same keen enthusiasm and interest. used by business At Bates College, Maine, a fairly – Watchman-Examiner. large group of students, centering firms, churches or around one active student volunteer New Stewardship Basis and encouraged by several sympa- Educat!onaITem. Shield individuals in any thetic faculty members, are carrying 160 5th Av.•N.Y.C. way pre fer red. The United Stewardship Coun- on a very active program. They are cil of the Churches of Christ in raising, chiefly by real sacrificial giv- They may be secured by writing the United States and Canada ing, a budget to aid in carrying on has been working for the past medical touring in Arabia; in the to Educational T e m per a n c e two years on a new basis of national movement; and the next Christian stewardship, which Quadrennial Convention. Shields, 132 East 45th Street, has been unanimously adopted, New York City. The cost is as follows: "God is the Creator At a state conference in West Vir- of all things and Father of all ginia, I met 100 earnest, sincere and twenty-five cents per hundred, men. In Him all things consist, wide-awake stu den t s representing and to Him all belong. In Him thirteen different colleges around the or one dollar for five hundred. man lives and moves and has his Pittsburgh area. These young people being. God purposes man's high- wanted reality and nothing superficial Another Church Union est welfare in fellowship with was acceptable. This is the experi- Himself. God has endowed man ence of others traveling and working On June 26th, the Evangelical with manifold gifts of body and among young people. Synod of North America and the mind. He has entrusted to him Reformed Church in the United the use and control of things and -Christian Intelligencer. States merged their respective conference and synod into a new What Do Preachers Believe? denomination to be called "The Evangelical and Ref 0 r m e d Under the direction of Dr. Church." Thus a union was ef- George H. Betts, Professor of fected by which the Evangelical Education at Northwestern Uni- Synod brings to a close its his- versity, a questionnaire was retory of about 100 years, while cently mailed to the 1,039 minthe Reformed Church closes a history of about 200 years. Both

isters listed in the directory of effect all over the country on Oc- At the Institue, these men the Chicago Church Federation, tober 6th. It is simply a sincere have classes in Bible, pastoral with the request that they an- effort to honor America's more theology, music, hygiene; also swer the questions "the way they than 2,000,000 S. S. teachers; such practical subjects as the would desire a child of junior incidentally, it is hoped that it rudiments of their own gramhigh-school age to answer will mean a vast increase in Sun- mar and spelling, and simple them." Half of the ministers day School enrolment and ef- bookkeeping which they need as responded. Of those replying, ficiency. Possibly of still greater leaders of groups of believers. 98 per cent answered yes to the importance will be the effect question, "Has God anything to upon the general public of this -Guatemala News. do with running the world since demonstration of Christian so- Campaign in Honduras He created it?" and "Does God lidity and activity, and the sig- Honduras is one of the most 'speak' to us through good men nificance of the Sunday School needy of all the Central Ameri- as a major educational influence can republics. Politically, the and women of today?" To the of our day. country is always seething with question, "Are we sons of God as much as Jesus was?" 42 per Suggested programs may be unrest, while lack of roads and cent replied in the affirmative, a population scattered over a 44 per cent in the negative; 14 secured from the Executive mountainous country present a per cent being uncertain. As to Committee for National Sunday whether Jesus made the world, difficult missionary pro b I em. School Recogniti@n Day, at 1816 The Latin America Evangeliza- Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

43 per cent answered yes, 54 per LATIN AMERICA tion Campaign has been able to cent no, with 3 per cent uncer- send Don Joaquin Vela to these tain. On the question, "Was Mexican Young People's Union people for a campaign of several Jesus God?" 72 per cent af- months' duration. His cooperafirmed, 26 denied, with 2 per cent A National Union of Chrisuncertain. Asked whether those tian Young People in Mexico tion with the missionaries has who die go on living, 92 per cent has been formed. The objectives resulted in stirring the churches replied yes. Forty-eight per are: as never before. The entire membership of Santa Rosa cent would teach that there is to To announce the message of the be a judgment day, 39 per cent Gospel of the Living Christ to all the church have reconsecrated their Mexican people without distinction, lives to Christ. The whole city would not so teach; 13 per cent aggressively and courageously, with- was deeply moved, and the were uncertain. out denominational color, regarding as streets were thronged with eager central the value of human person- seekers for truth. Only once -The Christian Century.

Against Military Training ality, and its salvation as the ultimate was the silence interrupted by and supreme objective; to work for a shower of stones, driving from Many denominations through- the application of Christian teaching the doorway those who listened out the United States have defi- and standards of conduct to all phases there. Some rattled over the nitely gone on record as opposed of human life, taking man as a whole benches and floor inside, withto compulsory military training. in his normal development of spirit, out striking anyone. The evan- These include the Northern Bap- mind and body. gelist appealed to a few who tists, Congregational and Chris- started from their seats not to tian Churches, Dis c i pIe s of The Union has an initial mem- be moved by the few stones, for Christ, Friends General Confer- bership of 110, recruited from this was proof that the Lord ence, Methodist E pis cop a I eight denominations. Jesus was present, while Satan Church, Presbyterian Church, was with the stone-throwers U. S. A., Reformed Presbyterian -South America. and they were the losers. Church of North America, Re- -Latin American Evangelist. formed Church in America and Training Guatemala Evan- United Presbyterian C h u r c h. gelists President Reads the Bible The issue of the freedom of conscience has now been joined in The Institute for Native Evan- Costa Rica's President, Rithe suspension from their re- gelists of Western Guatemala cardo Jimenez, is easily the outspective institutions of learning meets for three weeks each year, standing statesman of Latin of several students who refused to help Bible teachers, many America. He is half way on the ground of conscience to of whom cannot read, but are through his third term, and ef- eager to make Christ known. forts are being made to change One, testifying in a prayer serv- ice said: take military drill. In Christ's strength I resisted temp- the constitution so that he may -Federal Council Bulletin. tations and gained the victory over !Serve another four years, al- Recognition of S. S. Teachers the vices which had enslaved me as a though he is 75 years old. While revolutions and counter revolu- youth. But when it came time for me to marry that was the real test. Most tions have torn many Central men forget their vows soon after the William T. Ellis' suggestion wedding ceremony and begin to ill- and South American republics last October to honor Sunday treat their wives. But, thanks be to School teachers has become a na- God, I have been married eight years during the last few years, Costa tion-wide movement, going into now and have never yet struck my Rica fights its battles through wife. the public press.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Don Ricardo," as he is affec- More than 150 young men and likewise in the Church, the word of women have passed through this the Bishop of the Reich being the sutionately called, is said to be a Institute since its foundation in preme law of the Church. constant reader of the Bible. He 1921, and most of them are now rarely makes a speech in which engaged in preaching the Gos- 5. The selection of future pastors of he does not quote it freely. the Church shall be in the hands of the leaders of Hitler youth, who shall pel, in connection with various say which students are to be admitted -Latin-American Evangelist. denominations or societies. We to theological training.

Evangelical Institute receive news from them, from 6. These future pastors are to come time to time, and we follow them from only one race-the "Aryan." Of the schools in Argentina with our prayers. Some of our which receive mission fund sub- former students are working in 7. They shall likewise come from sidies perhaps none has de- only one party, the National Socialist. veloped more rapidly in its early the United States and Canada· in connection wit h French- 8. The Church shall be no longer regarded-from a practical point of view-as supra-national and universal, yea r s than the Evangelical speaking Missions. We also but as a distinctly German institution. American Institute. It was 9. The Church shall support the founded in 1920 by the United have two mission halls con- campaign to eliminate from its own Lutheran Church in America· nected with the Institute, one at life and the life of the nation the race and now has an enrolment of Nogent, the other at Vincennes, which produced its Lord and the writers of the Bible. both in the Paris suburbs." 460, about half of which is in the secondary department. The -Evangelical Christian. 10. The God of the Church shall be school is incorporated with the officially permitted to be recognized in federal schools and follows the Belgian Gospel Mission Germany only if He will salute Adolf government pro g ram. The Hitler. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Norton -Federal Council Bulletin.

school owns property valued at report a continued forward Ukrainian Revival $175,000, with well equipped movement in Belgium. Three new Flemish workers, promisbuildings, but inadequate to ac- ing young men, have recently Rev. John Bodrugin gives graduated from Bible School. c red i t to the Presbyterian commodate the present enrol- Church in Canada for starting ment, and much needed campus New posts have been opened, so the Ukrainian revival in Galicia. space is lacking. Through tui- that today there are 61 regular An "Away from Rome" movetion fees the school is 85 per preaching posts of the Belgian ment broke out in 1903 among cent self-supporting. Of the 42 Ukrainians in Winnipeg and teachers all are secured in Ar- Gospel Mission. Of these posts, gentina except the director, Rev. 35 are conducted in properties belonging to the Mission; 8 in spread all over the Canadian John M. Armbruster. rented halls, and 18 in private Northwest. This identified itself homes. In these 61 preaching at many points with Canadian -Christian Century.

EUROPE centers, 36 have been organized Presbyterianism, and at least one into regular churches, with 1,200 result was the development of an members in good standing. They Deficit Wiped Out estimate that over 3,000 people educated middle class of Ukrain- frequent the meetings every ians, great numbers of whom The Baptist Missionary So- Sunday. Eighteen students are returned to Europe taking with ciety of Great Britain and Ire- attending the Bible School. Mis- them their evangelical Christianland has had a good year both sion workers and their wives ity. A Ukrainian author named spiritually and financially. It number 130, and rep;resent six Kulisz, after twenty years of reports a record number of bap- nationalities. labor, completed a translation of tisms in the mission fields, and the Bible in 1903. It was joyalongside this a very remarkable During 1933, literature was fully welcomed by the people. financial triumph. At the begin- sold to the value of 12,011 Those who could not read lisning of January, the debt ac- francs. tened to others, sitting up all cumulated from previous years night listening and reading. was over :£24,000. This has been Hitler's "Ten Commandments" Thus was the soil prepared for entirely extinguished, and the the preachers from Canada. fiscal year which closed on Henry Smith Leiper lists what Note how the two events syn- March 31st, shows no deficit. he calls Nazidom's Ten Com- chronized. mandments: – Watchman-Examiner. The present reformation is a Paris Bible Insti,tute 1. The Church shall be in all essen- peasant movement. In almost tials one with the State in its purpose. every village one or more hum- Pastor Ruben Saillens, veteran Christian worker in Paris, 2. The supreme leader of the ble leaders know the Bible by Church, as of everything else in the heart. The churches are too nation, shall be the head of the small to hold the multitudes, and writes of the work at the Bible State-Adolph Hitler. 3. The Church shall not go against for hours people stand outside Institute: "We have at present the will of this dictator in the choice doors and windows listening, in 22 students, preparing for work of its highest officials. defiance of rain, wind and snow. as evangelists and missionaries for France and her colonies. 4. The "leadership principle," su- -So S. Times. preme in the Nazi State, shall apply

Religion Not Dead in Russia the "Medicine Case" offers had assembled from all parts of them; the well thumbed books the great Aruwimi forest. Ten A Russian communist author, are sufficient testimony. of them were spending their F. Oleoschuk, in surveying Rus- lives among the dwarfs, living in -"Blessed Be Egypt." their tiny villages' partaking of sia's five-year plan as it concerns the same food, and moving about religion, is quoted by The Pres- A Schoolmaster's Letter with them on their hunting exbyterian as confessing that the peditions. They are not a The following letter was writ- treacherous people, nor would renewed interest in religion, ten by an African Schoolmaster they dream of attacking others which has been provoked by in Nigeria to a missionary: save in self-defense. anti-religious activities of the The people here in Ekiti are really -So S. Times. authorities, has given food for hungry and thirsty after righteousthought to these missionaries of ness. If I had neglected the call of Bantu Library Destroyed atheism. The reason for failure, God to fill them with the bread of says this magazine, "lies in the heaven, as I was tempted to do, it nature of man and the power of would have been a sin on my part. I God." In spite of the fact that pray that way my Lord may be will- Stellenbosch University in ing to use me, I shall be ready to Soviets have been fighting re- South Africa, suffered serious ligion for fifteen years, and de- follow Him most willingly……. I loss through fire at the univer- scarcely have time to eat my food, for claring each year that they were these simple inquisitive sons of God sity on May 15. Damage was victorious, the i r problem is are always with questions. They flock done principally in the Psychogreater today than ever. in in tens. Every evening I have class for the catechumens and the at- logical Laboratory and in the New Jewish State tendance swells daily. I confine my Bantu Studies Department. In address to such themes as "Christian the latter section many books According to the Jewish Tele- love," "Prayer," "Repentance," "What amounting to tho usa n d s of graph Agency, Biro-Bidjan, Si- pounds in value were destroyed. beria, is now a Jewish autono- Christ means to me," etc., and some- Only the efforts of the staff, stu- dents and local residents premous unit as decreed by the Cen- times address on such matter as will vented the loss from being more tral Executive Committee of the aid them in healthy living-sanitation, disastrous. Soviet Republic, and a convention of Jewish representatives of for I believe in the doctrine of a -South African Outlook. sound mind only in a sound body. I the region is to be convoked. The do more preaching by the way of talk- GENERAL new Soviet group which has ing with them than by dry philosoph- ical address.

But you can imagine my inconven- iency when you know I have to be housed with the people most unhygien- been appointed for the settle- ical in the mode of living, and in badly Centenary of Medical Missions ment of Russian Jews on the ventilated house, where during the day I am obliged to light my lantern or I The present year marks one land, will conduct an intensive cannot find out things, much less of hundred years since the first campaign to obtain settlers. reading. Mosquitoes breed in bands, regularly appointed medical mis- Biro-Bidjan is north of Man- filling the serene air of the night with sionary, Dr. Peter Parker, began churia, and its area is about one- their nocturnal carols, seeking whom his service in China. He, with to devour, and I have no net. For the William Lockhart from England half the size of Great Britain. first time in life I have to spend days in 1838, blazed a trail which Twelve thousand of its 50,000 others soon followed. The story population are Jews. Zionists without any time-piece to record the of the years has furnished ample advance of the day. These and other and others fear that Jews in this difficulties-such as loneliness, are too region would be the first to feel minor things to damp my youthful spirit when I know I am about my Fa- the effects should the Soviet Gov- ther's business, and I am responding proof that "the history of medernment enter into war with any to the divine voice: "Go work today ical missions is the justification eastern power, as this territory in my vineyard." … lies directly in the path of any of medical missions." Lands invading army. -C. M. S. Outlook. have been opened, the Message has been commended and inter- AFRICA Apolo and the Pigmies preted, the Name of the Saviour has been glorified, the Church of The church of the Mboga, en- Medicine for Souls tirely due to the work of one God has been enlarged, human man, Canon Apolo, is already suffering has been lessened, the In the Egypt General Mission the center of a body of men and spread of disease has bee n Hospital there is an unpreten- women who are scattering the brought under control, medical tious wooden case containing Gospel among thousands of education has been made a servwhat the label on it describes as heathen. There is an African ant of the Gospel, and the mar- "Medicine for Souls," to which saying "All food is God's," and vels made possible by modern anyone at any time may help they never refuse food to a medicine have been used to reinhimself freely. The medicine is stranger. The Mboga apply this force the Christian witness Scriptures and spiritual mes- practice to the Gospel. Mr. around the globe. The mission sages, many of which are Nile Lloyd of the Church Missionary hospital has become a citadel of Mission Press publications. In Society talked with sixty pio- Christian truth. the past twelve months many neer evangelists who had come -Medical Missionary Asso- have taken advantage of what into Apolo's headquarters. They ciation Monthly.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=,~~==~~==~~======~~I~ The Eclips.e .of Christianity in Asia. awing effect as the colossal gold- Thinking Missions with Christ. By From the time of Muhammad t]l en image set up on the plain of Samuel M. Zwemer. 140 pp. $1.50. the Fourteenth Century. By L. E. Dura. They fell down and wor- Zondervan Publishing House. Grand Brown. London. Pp. 198. $3.50. shipped." Rapids, Mich. Cambridge University Press. 1934. Yet there is another side of Whenever Dr. Zwemer pub- This important volume, by one the story which is, in our opin- lishes a book, missionaries and of the staff of the Henry Martyn ion, not sufficiently emphasized. missionary-minded people in the To the Church of Asia "asceti- home churches of all commun- School of Islamic study at La- cism was the chief mark of holi- ions are immediately interested. During his missionary service of hore, is arresting. The eclipse ness" (p. 68). There were many nearly forty years in Arabia and who forsook the world. There Egypt, he b e cam e k now n of the sun of Christianity by the was a great army of martyrs; throughout the Christian world and those who denied the faith as an evangelist, author, editor moon of Mohammed was not to- by thousands did so under ter- and traveler. His pulpit and tal, however. It was partial or rific social and political pressure. platform addresses have stirred large au die n c e s in Europe, annular. Not even Islam could It was not worldly success alto- America and in the Near and gether that they sought. But Far East. Now, as Professor of hide all the glory of the Christ. economic and social pressure Christian Missions and the His- But the eclipse has been a trag- often becomes intolerable, and to tory of Religion in Princeton this they yielded. Theological Seminary, he is comedy indeed. This book tells the municating his missionary zeal The last chapter shows that to students for the ministry story of the vanished and van- the victory of Islam was, after while continuing to speak in quished churches. It fills a gap all, an empty triumph. One must churches and conferences and to in the story of the church in Asia edit The Moslem World. read again the story of these from the sixth to the thirteenth Readers who have been imcentury, when Christianity was "Lesser Eastern Churches" as pressed by the report of the Apalmost obliterated by Islam told by Fortescue to appreciate praisal Commission of the Layover a large area. What were men's Foreign Missions Inquiry the causes of this tragedy? In the heroic resistance unto blood in "Re-Thinking Mis s ion s" twelve chapters the author finds for the faith and the silent wit- should supplement that volume his answer. After describing ness of Christian lives in the with Dr. Zwemer's present vol- Christianity in the days of Mo- midst of Islamic political and so- ume "Thinking Missions with hammed he tells of the fate of cial dominance and arrogance. Christ." He does not traverse the Christians at the time of the "At the moment, it seems that such a wide field as the Ap- Moslem conquest, of Christianity the return of Christianity to praisal Commission, nor does he under the late Caliphs, of Chris- Asia is a task depending entirely discuss the various problems and tian teaching and life, of the on the missionary activities of policies of its report. He goes Christian missionary expansion the Churches of the West. But directly to the heart of the matand its Polemic, together with it may be that the faithful rem- ter by "thinking missions" from the Moslem reaction. The three nants of the Churches of the the viewpoint of Christ's deity closing chapters are entitled: East, who, through centuries of and mission instead of from the The Turks and the Franks, oppression such as we have not viewpoint of a humanistic and Christianity under the Mongols, known, have refused to deny philanthropic enterprise. He and the Empty Triumph of Is- Christ, strengthened now with rightly says: . lam. In recounting this sad his- fresh outpourings of the Holy tory, Mr. Browne's view is that Spirit, will play their part in the Apart from God in Christ there can the Church in Asia missed a new evangelization of Asia." be no missionary enterprise. In Jesus great opportunity; not only so, Christ the work of missions finds its but it was led astray by a kind The book is in excellent style, basis, its aim, its method, its message, of idolatry. "The thing that is fully documented, has an im- its motive, and its goal. The evangelturned Christians to Islam was portant bibliography, a good in- ization of the nations is not a human the common acceptance by Mus- dex, and in every way is a notelim and Christian alike of the error that the favour of God is worthy contribution to a dark shown by worldly success. The period in the history of missions. vision of the might of the Muslim Empire had the same over- S. M. ZWEMER.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIElW p.ublishers on receIpt of price.

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but a divine project-an eternal pur- The State Department has been and faithful witness to Christ by pose of GQd which He purposed in moving in the right direction. word and life Brother Bryan has Jesus Christ. The message of the gone in and out for nearly half a New Testament to the heathen world A careful reading of history century winning souls, serving was redemption from sin. The word convinces one of the abundant all men and women, rich and of the Cross was the message of the provocations for military and poor, black and white, good and apostles; the power of the Cross was financial interventions of the bad. And he has his reward in their motive; and the glory of the past. The tale of government the blessing of God and in the resurrection was their hope. inefficiency and financial mis- love and devotion of a whole city. management in the different This book is the lovely story of This is an urgently needed countries is too monotonous to his ministry. It is a rebuke to corrective of much present-day be interesting. We give two ex- all sloth and selfishness and all discussion of foreign missions. amples from Professor Munro: mere language-religion and it is The acceptance of such a basis a beautiful picture of a life built and objective at once under- In September, 1904, the American on utter faithfulness in word mines many of the current criti- Minister estimated that the total debt and deed to the New Testament cisms of the missionary move- of the Dominican Republic was more and to the law and love of ment and shows the futility of than $32,000,000, of which two-thirds Christ. Noone can read such a "recommendations" t hat are was owed to European creditors. book without the longing and the based on the assumption that the Fixed charges on the funded debt purpose to be more Christ-like task of the missionary is simply alone amounted to $1,700,000, as and simple and true. cultural and educational rather against the government's total annual than primarily evangelistic. Dr. revenue of $1,850,000. ROBERT E. SPEER. Zwemer is courteous, catholic and devout, conservative in his Honduras, whose total annual rev- Contemporary Religious Thinking. theology, but broad in his sym- enues did not exceed two or three mil- Seventeen Sermons on the Church's lion dollars, owed the stupendous sum Responsibilities in the Period Just pathies. His book should have a of $124,000,000. Ahead. Edited by Robert W. Searle, D.D., and Frederick A. wide and thoughtful reading. In both of these nations the popula- Bowers, D.D. 8vo., 212 pp. $2.00. tion is under one million. Whatever Falcon Press, New York. ARTHUR J. BROWN. the mistakes of the American Govern- ment, the financial affairs of the dif- Some of these "sermons" are The United States and the Caribbean ferent countries where we have inter- obviously papers or addresses, Area. By Dana G. Munro. 316 pp. vened have been put upon a much rather than sermons in the usual $2.00. WorId Peace Foundation. better basis. We have left them better sense. Four have no texts and Boston. 1934. than we found them. As to the fu- one is taken from a convention ture, the most hopeful feature is the paper. But they are an excellent That this is a publication of indication that our Government in- cross-section of modern pulpit the World Peace Foundation tends to consult the leading nations of expression-mine-run, not preguarantees its impartiality. The Latin America before undertaking pared for special occasions. author has to his credit an ad- any new interventions. It is coming Most of them move in the realm mirable volume on the political to be the consensus of opinion that of the Kingdom rather than of and economic conditions of the whenever conditions in the future may theological statement. In one, five republics of Central Amer- make military intervention necessary, for example, God is mentioned ica, published by the Carnegie it should be in association with other once, Jesus once, the Kingdom Endowment for International countries. It has been abundantly four times; in another, Jesus is Peace in 1918. Since that time proved that the assertion of our sole mentioned twice, the Kingdom he has been in the consular and trusteeship of the interests of human- once and God not at all. In andiplomatic service of our country ity and of the Monroe Doctrine in the other, two uses are made of "the in Latin America, and chief of Caribbean region produces unfriendly Figure on the Cross," but no use the Latin American Division of reactions in all of Latin America. of the name of Christ nor any the Department of State, and other mention of Him. In still more recently professor of Latin C. S. DETWEILER. another, there are frequent (15) American History and Affairs at uses of the word "God," but none Princeton University. He writes Religion in Shoes or Brother Bryan of Jesus or Christ, and the sertherefore with intimate knowl- of Birmingham.. By Hunter B. mon could as well have been edge of the facts. No attempt is Blakely, Jr. 186 pp. $1.50. Pres- preached, except for a few hismade to pass judgment upon the byterian Committee of Publication, torical references, a hundred wisdom of such important de- Richmond, Va. years before Christ as now. cisions taken by the American Others present very clear ex- Government, as the support "Brother Bryan" is the Rev. pressions of the fact and spirit given to the revolution in Pana- James A. Bryan, D.D., who for of Christ and the volume as a ma through which we acquired forty-five years has been min- whole well repays reading and the Canal Zone in 1903, or the ister of the Third Presbyterian thought. It is not narrowly contaking over of all functions of Church of Birmingham, Ala- ceived. The sermons are from government in Santo Domingo bama, the leading citizen of the four Presbyterian, three Baptist, in 1916. Enlightened public city and its best known and best two each of Methodist, Episcoopinion has resulted in making loved man. With humility, huour Government's policy less ag- mor, per sis ten c e, wisdom, gressive and more conciliatory. shrewdness, sincere and true Christlikeness he has served the whole city, walking to and fro in it as the friend and servant of Christ, with a child's heart and a saint's patience and love. This is the true modern replica of St. Francis of Assisi. With prayer

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

palian, Lutheran and Reformed, ican Home Director Emeritus of gle between light and darkness, one Friend and one Congrega- the China Inland Mission, a beginning with creation, and tional minister. There is only a deep, spiritual and sane Bible passing through episodes in hislittle of that exultation in the re- student and a man of wide prac- tory on down to the present day. demptive Gospel for a needy tical experience. Dr. Frost has One of the modern episodes reworld which has marked the given us a careful and thorough- veals vividly the conflicts be- Church in its days of triumph. ly Biblical study of the subject tween Government, Citizen, La- The impression given is that a with an abundance of Scripture bor, Management, I n v est 0 r, tough job is on hand, but it can references. Naturally Christ Banker, B r 0 k e r, Speculator. be done if one plugs at it hard and His inspired apostles and Some of the characters are real; and long enough and does not the Old Testament prophets are others are allegorical after the expect too much right away. the only writers on the subject manner of the Medieval Moral- who can speak with authority. ity. The lines are beautiful, c. B. McAFEE. Science, history, philosophy and often using the language of the psychology can offer no light-it Bible. The Second Coming of Christ. By must come through divine reve- Henry W. Frost. 8vo. 251 pp. lation. It is to help us under- Music, singing, pantomime, $1.50. Wm. B. Eerdman Publishing stand this revelation that Dr. lighting, costuming, grouping, Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1934. Frost has prepared his studies. On most points they are clear as well as speaking are used ef- There are man y different and convincing to those who ac- fectively to make a vivid picture views among Christians, and cept the Scriptures as authorita- of this age-long struggle of hueven among Bible students, as to tive and divinely inspired. manity and of where the soluti-on the second coming. of Christ. There will be decided differences is to be found. Most "systematic theologians," of opinion, however, in regard to who seek to harmonize all state- the fulfilment of prophecies in The Pageant is arranged in ments relating to eschatology, reference to Babylon and con- three parts with several tableaus take the "post millenial view"; cerning the "tribulation" and and episodes in each. It may be while most New Testament ex- the church. Dr. Frost humbly shortened in several ways where egetes, who are chiefly concerned but definitely expresses his own it is not possible to give the with the interpretation of the views and acknowledges the whole. Parts one and two each words of Christ and His apos- right of other Bible students to lead to a definite climax so that tles, are premillenialists or in disagree with his interpreta- either could be given alone as any case believe in the immi- tions. well as anyone of the episodes nence of the personal return of in part three. Christ to earth. Many Chris- The chapters make excellent tians honestly confess ignorance Bible studies for all who wish to Valuable notes on music, stagof the subject for they have investigate the subject, what- ing, lighting, costuming, and never made a study of it. Others ever their ignorance or precon- complete directions for producare prejudiced because of the ex- ceived ideas may be. His chap- tion, provide a sufficient guide treme views of some teachers or ter topics reveal his line of even for those with little expebecause of the controversies en- study – The Second Coming of rience in play production. While gendered. Christ-personal, literal, visible, the Pageant could use elaborate glorious, satisfying, transform- stage facilities, the author clear- The importance of this subject ing, judicial, dispensational, mil- ly indicates that a very modest is seen from the prominence lenial, premillenial, impending, equipment can provide a setting given to it in the New Testa- post-tribulational, pre-dated and for an effective production. ment. Thousands of spiritually- determinative. Dr. Frost seems minded, intelligent Christians to be fair to his opponents but The author has written sevalso testify to the profouna in- positive and clear as to his own eral religious and missionary fluence that their understanding convictions. Those who follow plays. He was the organizer of the Second Coming has had these studies honestly will have and is the vice-president of the on their lives, their understand- many false ideas removed and Religious Drama Council of ing of the Bible, and their joy will see the vital relation of this Greater New York. He has suand effectiveness in Christian subject to life, theology and pervised the production of many service. Many of the most service. plays. He is unusually equipped spiritual and profound Bible stu- both in ability and experience dents and most devoted Chris- Let There Be Light. A Pageant for religious play-writing. "Let tian workers have been con- Drama. Elliot Field. 87 pp. There Be Light" shows a masvinced premillenialists – men American Bible Society. New York. ter at his craft. like Hudson Taylor, George 1933. MUller, A. J. Gordon, James H. FRANCES SOMERS RIGGS. Brooks, Jacob Chamberlain and This pageant-drama is for use S. H. Kellogg. in churches on Bible Sundays or The Reconstruction of Religious on occasions when an exaltation Thought i.n Islam. By Sir Moham- The importance of Dr. Frost's of the Bible in dramatic form is med Iqbal. 188 pp. $2.75. Oxford study of the Bible teachings as desired. The theme is the strug- University Press. New York. to the "Return of Christ" can readily be seen. He is the Amer- Modern Islam is frantically engaged in an attempt to recon- struct orthodoxy. The problem is to put the new wine of pres-

ent-day civilization into the me- one to covet. Like the Second sis. He and his book are both a dieval wine-skins of the Koran Coming, and like the doctrine of joy. and Tradition – an impossible holiness, this healing question is R. E. SPEER.

task. The author is well-fitted a tangled one. It calls for ripe, Goro Takagi-Musician. A Tribute. for his task. He is one of the rounded-out, impartial conclu- By William M. Vories, LL.D. 12 mo. 143 pp. $1.00. Omi-Mission, outstanding scholars of northern sions. Teaching of this sort is India, a poet and philosopher, all too rare today." Dr. Bieder- Omi Hachiman, Japan and Mission- ary Education Movement. NeIW well-versed in European litera- wolf's conclusion is: "Sickness York. 1934.

ture. "In these lectures," he is not an offense against God, as A remarkable violinist, a desays, "which were undertaken at voted Christian, a true friend the request of the Madras Mus- sin is. If it were, then 'Without and gentleman, a lover of chillim Association and delivered at dren, a thoughtful student-here Madras, Hyderabad, and Ali- the shedding of blood there is' no is indeed a Japanese worth garh, I have tried to meet, even knowing and a credit to his nathough partially, this urgent de- healing of disease. It is sin, not mand by attempting to recon- tion. Goro Takagi was born in struct Muslim religious philos- disease, that needs atonement. 1905, the son of a petty governophy with due regard to the ment official of the Samurai philosophical traditions of Islam The only sense in which the healand the more recent develop- class and of small income but ments in the various domains of ing of sickness may be said to high ideals-a Buddhist puritan. human knowledge. And the Goro was for the most part a present moment is quite favor- be in the Atonement is that self-trained musician and also able for such an undertaking." had natural ability in drawing. The chapters deal in succession through the Atonement God is with Knowledge and Experience, He left school when thirteen the Philosophical Test of Revela- pledged to remove, in His own years of age but kept up his edution, The Concept of God, The cation through books and con- Meaning of Prayer, Human time, from the earth and from tacts so that he was cultured and Freedom, Moslem Culture and well informed. He became an the Principle of progress in Is- man, all the curse that sin earnest Christian and Bible stulam. A final lecture asks the dent after he had become a widequestion, Is Religion possible? brought upon them." ly known musician and during And the answer is, Yes; but the last few years of his life was only in philosophical mysticism. The book needs condensation. an effective worker in the Omi The best chapter is that on Mission. He died after an apprayer. There are an extraor- It gives the' impression of a pendicitis operation at the age dinary number of misprints in of twenty-six. the text and index. sledge-hammer used to crack a Dr. Vories, who is himself a S. M. ZWEMER. nut. The author (perhaps the musician and a rare missionary, has given us a graphic and most Whipping Post Theology or Did Je- printer) is too fond of capitals, sympathetic account of this re- sus Atone for Disease? By W. E. markable character who lived a Biederwolf. 305 pp. $1.50. Eerd- italics, and exclamation points. mans. Grand Rapids, Mich. Why shout to the reader even in rich, though brief, life. Those denouncing such fantastic errors who read the story of this young Many have witnessed the trag- as that our Lord when he was man's twenty-six years cannot scourged purchased our healing but admire and love him. There is also much in the biography by his blood? S. M. ZWEMER.

Karl Barth and Christian Unity. By Adolph Keller. $2.75, pp. 320. Mac- millan. New York. 1934.

This book is an intellectual and spiritual stimulus and re- freshment. It is a thoroughly informed survey of the religious situation in the leading countries of the world, of the movement of theological thought in each coun- try, especially in connection with the Barthian ideas, and of the edy and pathos in the aftermath ecumenical movement of Chris- that is stimulating and is interof meetings held by "healing tiandom. It is written with pretative of the highest ideals evangelists" where the lame, the great objectivity and yet with and achievement. Dr. Vories' own halt, and the blind sought mira- firm evangelical conviction. The philosophy runs through the vol- cles that never occurred. Others account of Barthianism is at ume as a golden thread and his have read Dr. Benjamin War- once sympathetic and critical, wide experience throws much field's classic entitled "Counter- revealing its amazing strength light on the Japanese and on feit Miracles" dealing with some and its not less amazing weak- what is true and valuable in life. modern wonder-workers. Here ness-its strength in the realm Go:ro Takagi is a character is an up-to-date, rather bulky, of ideas and its weakness in the worth knowing. but wholesome treatment of the realm of action. In the realm of action Barth knows how to stand subject of Divine Healing by an fast holding truth but not how The Trail of Life in the Middle outstanding evangelical preach- Years. By Rufus M. Jones. 8 vo. er. The book has a weird title; to go about doing good. Paul 250 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. the matter is not carefully ar- bound the bound the two togeth- 1934. ranged, but the facts are irre- er: "Be ye steadfast, immov- This is the third in the series futable and the conclusions are able," but also "always abound- of autobiographical sketches logically relentless. "The task ing in the work of the Lord." from Dr. Jones of Haverford has not been a light one-not Dr. Keller keeps Paul's synthe- College. The only birthday that

brought depression on him Sunday School Outline of Hinduism. F

was his fiftieth. "It shook me Smith. 135 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth awake to the fact that I was no Supplies Press. London. 1934. longer young, that I had spanned half a century, that time was SOUlltI, splnluu/ The Encyclopredia of Islam. Edited galloping on, and that I had bet- ~OIlS oI'/1Ie by M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, ter now be ready to do that for Iti/erlluliottu/kssrNts H. A. R. Gibb, W. Heffening and which I was born and for which -forI/IIlknfHIIlimlions E. Levi-Provencal. 832 pp. 7s. 6d. I came into the world." This Luzac. London. 1934. book is intended to tell of years Lord of Arabia: Ibn Saud. An Intipreceding that birthday. Read- mate Study of a King. H. C. Arm- Personal Items ers will feel that much had al- strong. Maps. 306 pp. 98. Barker. ready been done. In addition to London. 1934. (Concluded from page 385.) his teaching at Haverford, which included courses in the Bible as The African Today. Diedrich West- Kim celebrated his eighty-second well as philosophy and psychol- ermann. 343 pp. $2.50. Oxford birthday in Tokyo the previous week. ogy, Dr. Jones for some years University Press. London and New edited The American Friend and York. 1934. *** made it an organ of intelligence and challenge to the Friends in An African People in the Twentieth Dr. Charles D. Bonsack, Secretary America and abroad. The story Century. L. P. Mair. 300 pp. 128. of the United Brethren Missions, is of activity is interspersed with 6d. Routledge. London. 1934. expecting to leave this autumn to visit spiritual and mental revelations the fields of his church in West which give the clue to Dr. Jones' Tanganyika and Its Future. Julius Africa. influence among so many people. Richter. Illus. 112 pp. 28. 6d. and It abounds in illustrations from 38. 6d. World Dominion Press. *** the reading and observation of a London. 1934. watchful mind. The chapter on Dr. Tyler Dennett, who succeeds "The Way Forward Is by an In- An African Speaks for His People. H. A. Garfield as president of Wilward Faith" tells of the prepara- Parmenas Githendu Mockerie. 95 liams College, was formerly well tion for his best known work on pp. 38. 6d. Hogarth Press. Lon- known in Methodist circles, having Mysticism, but Dr. Jones has be- don. 1934. been chief of Centenary and Intercome a recognized master in this church publicity on the staff of Dr. S. field. His emphasis on direct Reminiscences of Livingstonia. Rob- Earl Taylor, 1914-1920. Since then knowledge of God has influenced ert Laws. Illus. 272 pp. 6s. Oli- he has been on the staff of the Dehis hearers and readers widely. ver & Boyd. London. 1934. partment of State, and since 1931 pro- fessor of International Relations in C. B. M. Japanese in California. Edward K. Princeton University. He has written Strong. $1.50. 188 pp. Stanford important books on public affairs. New Books University Press. Berkeley, Calif. 1934. *** The Samaritans of Molokai: The Lives of Father Damien and Brother The Jews in the Modern World. Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive Dutton Among the Lepers. C. J. Arthur Ruppin. 457 pp. 15s. Mac- Secretary of the Foreign Mission Dutton. Illus. 286 pp. 128. 6d. millan. New York. 1934. Board of the Southern Baptist Con- Williams & Norgate. London. 1934. vention, sailed for Europe in June to The Jews and a Changing Civiliza- visit the mission fields of the Southern In Wild New Britain: The Story of tion. Norman Bentwich. 146 pp. Baptists. Benjamin Danks. Edited by Wal- 2s. 6d. Lane. London. 1934. lace Deane. 293 pp. 68. Austra- *** lian Book Co., London. Angus and Orient and Occident. Hans Kohn. Robertson, Sydney. 1934. 140 pp. $1.75. Day. New York. Rev. Paul Patton Faris, formerly a 1934. missionary in China and recently the China. L. A. Lyall. 383 pp. 218. Managing Editor of The Presbyterian Benn. London. 1934. Christ and the Students of the East: Banner, has been appointed Acting Rep 0 r t of Java Conference of Manager of the Publicity Department Empire in the East. Edited by Joseph World's Student Christian Federa- of the General Assembly of the Pres- Barnes. 322 pp. $3.25. Double- tion. 140 pp. 40 cents. World's byterian Church, U. S. A., succeeding day, Doran. Garden City, N. Y. Student Christian Federation. Ge- the late Walter Irving Clark, who died 1934. neva. 1934. on July 5, 1934.

Census of India. 1931. Vol. I-India: The China Christian Year Book, 1932- •** Part I-Report. J. H. Hutton. 518 33. Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 583 pp. 158. Office of the High Com- pp. $1.00. Christian Literature Dr. Roland V. Bingham, Editor of missioner for India. London. 1934. Society. Shanghai. 1934. The Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada, has just returned from a long Child Marriage: The Indian Mino- An African Prophet: The Ivory Coast and arduous trip through Abyssinia. taur. Eleanor F. Rathborne. 138 Movement and What Came of It. He visited remote parts of that land pp. 28. 6d. Allen & Unwin. Lon- W. J. Platt. 157 pp. 28. 6d. Stu- with a view to planting new mission don. 1934. dent Christian Movement Press. stations at strategic points. He is London. 1934. convinced that this is the day of op- The Land and Life of India. Mar- portunity and that a great and effec- garet Read. Illus. 144 pp. 28. Religious Values in Japanese Cul- tual door has been opened in that land Edinburgh House Press. London. tures. T. T. Brumbaugh. 154 pp. for the preaching of the Gospel. 1934. $2. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 1934. •** Confucianism and Taoism. B. S. Bon- sall. 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Dr. Avery A. Shaw, President of Press. London. 1934. Denison University, Granville, Ohio, the new President of the Northern Baptist convention, succeeds Dr. Wil- liam S. Abernethy.

*** The Rev. Howard A. Smith, Mis- sionary of the Christian and Mission- ary Alliance, who was captured by Chinese bandits in Szechuen on May 3d, is reported to have been released on July 10th. He was being held for a ransom of $100,000 and a stock of medical supplies.

Win the MOSLEM

BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life dnd literdture, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in mdny Idnds.

Will you help to supply this needed Christidn literature for millions who hdve never hedrd the Gospel in Egypt Syril trlk Chinl Morocco Pllestine Persil Algien Turkey I ndil JIVI Tunl. Arlbil Mllly.11 Sumltrl South Africa Send your help to the missiondries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenomindtiondl Committees on the Aeld.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberillin, Ph.D., President ClO Deldvan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of New York, Vlce·Presidents Mrs. Willillm Bllncroft Hill, Honordry Vice-President Dr. Jllmes Cdntine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Miss MdY S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomlls S. Donohugh Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snedd Rev. Mills J. Tllylor, D.O. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, D.C.L.

Gifts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treasurer, dt 129 Edst69th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 Edst 22nd Street, New York City J:ook 10':.OU-t ~pedalIlumbell. OKgapan OCTOBER, 1934-Maps, Illustrations, Statistics Japan•••A Problem or a Challenge …………………… Charles W. Iglehart Present Day Religion in Japan ……………………….. .A. K. Reischauer New Phases in Shinto …………………………………… .A. A. Pieters The Youth of Japan..•Whither? …………………………..Willis Lamott A Christian Rural Program.. . . . . . . . . .. . ……………….. Edward M. Clark Newspaper Evangelism in Japan ………………………..Murray Walton The Influence of Christianity.. ……….. . ……………S. H. Wainwright Christian Education in Japan ……………………………….. L. J. Shafer Japanese Views of Christian Missions …………………….E. C. Hennigar Overlapping in Japan .. . ……………………………….Wm. M. Vories ~~~~~~~ SEND YOUR ADVANCE ORDERS NOW TO ~~~~~~~ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

26 Cents a Copy $2.60 a Year $20.00 a Hundred

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1934

1934

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS? ……….. . Albert W. Palmer ORIENTAL STUDENTS IN AMERICA ….. Charles D. Hurrey IS AMERICA'S INFLUENCE CHRISTIAN? .. Arthur D. Young HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP ….. Florence C. Evemeyer IN CHRIST NO EAST OR WEST …………. Allan A. Hunter INTERRACIAL UNDERSTANDING …… CharlesR. Shepherd A NEW DEAL FOR ORIENTALS …………… Pardee Lowe GEl CHUCK, THE CHINESE COOK ……….. Philip F. Payne OUR OPPORTUNITY IN AMERICA ……… Virginia Kadoike THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE .. Frank Herron Smith EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES …. Theodore Fieldbrave THE FILIPINOS IN AMERICA ……………. Jose G. Deseo THE CHINATOWN CHALLENGE ……………. Edwar Lee STORY OF A CHINESE IMMIGRANT …… Theodore F. Savage

to Remember JUST OFF THE PRESS accepted an invitation from the

Dominion Movement, London, to give June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed The Other Half of Japan addresses at the Mildmay Conference Church in America. Grand RapidS, on World Evangelization, June 12th- Mich. (A Rural Perspective) 19th and will return early in July. He expects to sail from New York on June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- By Edward M. Clark, B.D., Ph.D. June 1st and his address while abroad ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. will be: Care of Founder's Lodge, Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Mildmay Conference Centre, London, June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- Rural Evangelistic Problems in the N.l. sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Chua Theological Seminary, Kobe, Japan *** June 21-27-General Council of the Congregational and C h r i s t ian DR. BUTTERFIELD says, "I unhesi- Carlton M. Sherwood, for fifteen Churches. Oberlin, O. tatingly commend this book to every years associated with the Internation- pastor, to every church official charged al Society of Christian Endeavor, and June 26-27-Union of Reformed with administering or encouraging Chris- Editor of The Christian Endeavor Church in the U. S. and the Evan- tian relationships between East and World, resigned March 31st. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, West, to every Christian layman who Ohio. gives thought to the future of the Chris- *** tian enterprise as a world force. The July S-Aug. 12-Winona School of book should be studied and Its program President Herman C. E. Liu of the Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. considered both in Japan and in Amer- University of Shanghai started on his ica." return to China on February 17. All July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- over the land President Liu told what tian Temperance Union Convention, CONTENTS Christianity has done for China, and Stockholm. his lectures, coming from a cultured PART I. The Problem Stated Chinese, carried conviction with them. July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on PART II. The Farmer's Gospel School Education and Culture Contacts. P ART III. *** Dept. of Educati()n, Yale Univer- PART IV. (A Step Forward) sity, New Haven, Conn. PART V. The Community Parish Rev. Willis R. Hotchkiss is now re- turning to his field in Kenya, Africa. August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. (The Ideal Unit) This district, of which he was one of Berlin. An Adequate Leadership the discoverers, has changed from a jungle to one of the most productive August 21-24-Tenth National c<>n- (Tbe Actualizing Force) tea areas in the world. Its capital, vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, A United Campaign Nairobi, has 50,000 inhabitants, 20,000 Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- of whom are English settlers, and all waukee, Wis. (Getting Under the Load) modern conveniences, including a rail- road and weekly air service from Lon- August 21-26-General Conference, Price. Cloth $1.50 don. Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Salem, W. Va. THE EVANGELICAL PRESS •*• September 4-9 – National Baptist Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. Karl Barth, Swiss theologian, c<>nvention. Oklahoma City, Okla. and professor in the University of Personal Items Bonn, Germany, has been dismissed September 12-21- United Church of from his chair because of his criticism Canada, General Conference, Kings- Mr. John T.Manson, of New Haven, of the Nazi policy which would make ton, Ont., Canada. Connecticut, has been elected the 18th the Church an arm of the government. president of the American Bible So- He expects to visit America and to October 4-13 – General Conference ciety since its foundation in 1816. Mr. lecture here in the coming autumn. Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Manson is a layman of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., a director of ••• October 17-United Lutheran Church a number of business corporations in- in America. Savannah, Ga. cluding the Equtable Life Assurance Dr. O. R. Avison has retired from Society. the presidency of Chosen Christian December 4-7-Federal Council of College, Seoul, at the age of 74 and the Churches of Christ in America, The Rev. Ho*war*d S*mith, American Dr. Horace H. Underwood, a Presby- Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. terian missionary, has been elected his missionary, of the American Chris- successor. WHICH? tian Alliance of Pengshui, Szechuan Province, was captured by Commu- ••* The Red OR The Red nists on May 10th. Miss Helen Clark, Blood a British missionary, was also seized, Dr. Sidney Gulick, Secretary of the Flag but is reported to have escaped. Federal Council's Department of In- ternational Justice and Goodwill, has Near one of our camps for children The Communist leader demands completed twenty-five eventful years who have learned 500 Bible verses a $100,000 in Chinese money from of service with the Federal Council, communistic camp for children was Chang Hsueh-liang for Mr. Smith's after having been a missionary in located. While our boys and girls release. The Reds occupied many were singing of the Blood that roads, endangering other missionaries. (Continued on page 257.) cleanses from sin these other children could be heard singing The Red Flag. E. Stanley J*one*s, *"ambassador of Sunday School One of these misguided boys said to one of our workers "You can keep Christ to the peoples of Asia," recent- Supplies your Jesus; we want the Red Flag." ly visited for three days Asbury Col- lege, at Wilmore, Ky., his alma mater .~!oou~ouo. FsPl,InlIueu/ Help us safeguard the children and that sent him out to India in 1907. /ti/eroQ#oqu/Ier.rMJ young people from this terrible sys- Of more than 1,200 graduates, forty ·forQ/! /JmumInq1iotJs tem by giving them the gospel. per cent have entered Christian serv- ice. Write for THE CANADIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL MISSION and &III Lomk.. BiQ., r ..Ilipc, Mo. Dr. Jones expects to spend a por- tion of each year in China conducting .(wor1cVn.g among8t the other- an intensive campaign among the edu- wise 'Ilnreach.ed in the roraJ cated classes to counteract the grow- diBtriots of We8tern OafKJ4n,j. ing menace of Marxian Communism.

FOR C'HILDREN At>."D YOUNG PEoPLE *** -Sunday Schools, Bible MemDry Contests, Camps, Bible Correspondence Mrs. Ella A. Boole has accepted Course, Summer Bible Schools. the presidency of the World's Wom- an's Christian Temperance Union. FOR ADULTs-Radio evangelism, She will give her time and energies public meetings, house tD house visits. now to promoting the temperance work around the world. We would appreciate It If you w!11 pray for us, write to us, give through *** us. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Prince- ton, editor of the Moslem World, has

MISSIONARY in our April issue (page 179), was If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD written by Grace Noel Crowell. calls you East DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor *** of Suez … sail VOL. LVII JUNE, 1934 No.6 Intelligent and large hearted read- ers occasionally write to encourage us Publication and Business Office by telling how much they enjoy and Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. value the REVIEW. Here are two re- cent letters: Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "I wish to express appreciation for Entered as second-class matter at the splendid department that Mrs. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. of March 3, 1879. I wish that many more women were 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. subscribing for this magazine." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. an's Missionary Somety of the Evangelical Church. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "I have enjoyed the material in this magazine and have gotten so much BOARD OF DIRECTORS out of it for the missionary programs RoBERT E. SPEER, President for our Sabbath school that I can not WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President get along without it. I told our Sab- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer bath School Board that I would be lost DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary without it because of the real happen- SAMUEL MCCBEA CAVERT ings on the mission fields; the stories MBs. ORRIN R. JUDD are fine for relating to Sabbath school WM. B. LIPPHARD groups, and this material, if brought ERIC M. NORTH across in the right way, makes people MILTON T. STAUFFER missionary minded." A. L. W ARNSl1lJlS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ANNA MILLER, West Aliquippa, Fa.

Editorial Chat Will you pass the good word along? THE ROUTE PREFERRED Here is our special-"The Orientals *** SINCE 18401 in America" number. You will find it informing, interesting, stimulating. The advertisements in the REVIEW Cross Cunard to England ••• Will you pass on word to others so are worth noting and may help to and emhark at London in a great that they too may send for copies and supply your need. We believe they are ship of this Line that traditionread them. The "Ways of Working" all reliable for we investigate before ally and for nearly a century has and Home Mission Bulletin contain accepting any advertisement. They carried the vanguard of the valuable material on the same topic. offer opportunities. Church eastward to all the lands Why should not every church and heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of every missionary society have copies Personilitems transatlantic size and comfort, for distribution? Do not let this good stand for the Progress of the West feast lie untouched and become stale. (Continued from 2d cover.) in scores oftropic ports and teem- ing harhours of the Indian Ocean * * '" Japan under the American Board for and the Pacific. Natives measure 25 years. time hy their swift and sure As usual some of the best items on arrival. Low rates and new, fast, our "Bill of Oriental Fare" were * * '" luxurious ships make the voyage crowded out of this June number. an exceptional value. Those that did not come in time we Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, correexpect to use in July-One is by Don- sponding secretary of the Board of PENINSULAR aldina Cameron, the "Lo Mo" of San Foreign Missions of the Methodist AND ORIENTAL AND Francisco's Chinatown; another is by Episcopal Church, sailed April 7 for a Korean on the Koreans in America; an extended official tour in Central BRITISH INDIA STEAM there are also some interesting stories and South America. He plans to visit, NAVIGATION COMPANIES of work for Orientals. Watch for personally, every piece of work conthem. ducted by the Methodist Board in Regular sailings from London, these lands. Gihraltar and Marseilles to India, '" * * Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- (Concluded on page 320.) ments, China, Japan, Australia, Occasionally the REVIEW prints mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, takes – and is caught. Sometimes AGENTS WA~TED Persian Gulf, East and Souih these errors are due to the "printer's Africa, etc. devil," at other times to the source THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can from which the news comes-period- be sold in quantities to every Mis- Complete information from icals, authors, letters; sometimes the Your Local Agent or Editor's "blind spot" is responsible. sionary Society. It furnishes infor- In our May number, page 218, ap- mation in brief, interesting form for t;UNARD~LINE peared the pictures of four American leaders and discussion groups. Why Board missionaries to India. They not act as our Agent in your church GENERAL AGENTS should be labeled (left to right) Wil- or community? You can advance the 25 Broadway New York liam W. Scudder (not John), and John cause of Foreign Missions, and at the E. Chandler, early Madura mission same time earn a liberal commission. workers; Samuel Fairbank and Allen Hazen, Marathi missionaries. We do Address-Circulation Manager, not place the blame for the error-it The Missionary Review o/the World. is enough to point out the correction. Third and Reily Streets, *** Harrisburg, Pa.

A reader informs us that the poem [257 ] "Then Let Us Pray," which appeared

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS WELCOME FOREIGN

INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, BERKELEY, (:ALIFORNIIA INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, CHICAGO, Il,LINOIS These International Houses are built by private philanthropy to bring American and Foreign students together under Christian auspices ORIENTALS IN AMERICA RESPOND TO CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES FIRST JAPANESE REFORMED CiHURCH, SAN FRANOISCIO, CALIFORNTAr-REV. SOHEl KOWATA, MINDSTER WHERE ORIENTAL STUDENTS LEARN THE CHRISTIAN WAY OF LIFE A YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1983 REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1934 Topics of the Times THE SECRET OF PERMANENCE 000 out of a population of over 125,000,000 peo- On what do the permanence and power of Chris- ple (a little over two-tenths of one per cent), why tian missions depend? On institutions, or organizations, on strong continued financial support? should so much attention be given to this small Some missions and work are criticized on the ground that the results are not permanent because group of Asiatic races who have come here to earn they depend chiefly on preaching the Gospel and Bible teaching but establish no large schools or a living, to gain an education or to find a home? colleges, no well-equipped hospitals or large well- Christians are interested and every intelligent organized churches. Such institutions are good but in themselves they do not insure permanence. American citizen should be interested in these Any physical institution may be destroyed in a night or may be taken over by a hostile govern- Orientals-Why? ment. The secret of permanence is life. Good seed (the Word of God), planted (in prayer) and (1) Because they are fellow humans. They nurtured (by the Holy Spirit), until it takes root and bears fruit, is the best assurance that a work may not be of the same blood or general appearwill abide. This was the secret of the permanence and progress of the work of Christ and His ance as Occidentals but they are men and women apostles. The gates of death and all the opposing forces of the devil could not prevail against that ·aopf ptehtel.tesas,mwe ehaukmneasnsefsamanildy,pwosisthibisliimtieisla. r natures' work. Everything that God provides may be an asset but sometimes we have been tempted today (2) The fact that they are different in educato look upon physical equipment, large institutions, elaborate organization and financial tion, in habits and in ideas, makes them the more strength as an evidence of permanence, rather than on life, implanted, nurtured, spreading. Men interesting, and we can learn much' from them. can demolish institutions. They cannot destroy life-God given life. Since America is a "Melting Pot" of many races WHY THIS INTEREST IN ORIENTALS? and nationalities it behooves us to study the in- gredients and to learn how they can best be assim- ilated so as to make a strong nation.

(3) Because many of these Orientals are Amer- ican born and are therefore citizens of the United States with all the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship. They need to be understood, to have sympathy and fair treatment-which many of them do not experience.

(4) Because they may be either an asset or a liability in American life. If they learn to love their new home, and to sympathize with our high- est ideals and methods, they will bri nmgasytrbeencgotmh~· if they are alienated by abuse they dangerous and disturbing elements in society; or This number of THE REVIEW is devoted to the a source of weakness, as clay mixed with iron.

"Orientals in America," the topic which mission- (5) Because these Orientals who have come ary-minded groups in churches of all denomina- from China, Japan, Korea, India and the Philiptions are to study during the coming year. Half pines have influence in their home lands-our a dozen books on the same subject have been pub- neighbors across the Pacific. The most important lished at considerable expense by The Missionary events of the future will probably transpire Education Movement. Since the total number t>f around the Pacific Ocean and it behooves America Orientals in the United States is only about 275,- to cultivate friendly contacts with these nations.

[259 ]

Many Orientals and their children will return to also made to the Oaxtepec Rural Normal govern- their former homes and some of them will there ment school.

occupy positions of importance-in politics, in The most important meeting was one on education, in business and industry and in reli- education since a series of recent rulings by the gion. It is worth while to give them Christian Federal Department of Education had raised fun- opportunities and to make them friends. damental questions about the continuance of mis- (6) Because many Orientals in America have sion schools. The increasing tendency of the cen- come under such helpful influences that they have tral government to make education a monopoly either remained here to help America or they have of the State creates difficulties for every private returned home to bring blessing to their own peo- school. Some seem to detect a trend, under the ple and to the world. Among these are men and name of socialistic education, to impose material- women like Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, Huie Kin istic and anti-religious instruction not only upon of China, Pandita Ramabai of India and hundreds the official schools but also upon private schools.

of others known and unknown to fame. A decided anti-religious tendency is noted in (7) Finally these Orientals, as strangers in a states like Tabasco which expresses itself in a strange land, need Christian friendship, teaching campaign against everything religious.

and influences; they are men and women with im- In view of the present situation, it is found mortal souls for whom Christ died and whom He necessary to establish a new line of action for included in His commission when He directed His evangelical educational work as soon as possible.

disciples to proclaim the Good News to all na- Instead of this meaning a curtailment of Chris- tions, by word and life. We have an obligation tian activities, a careful study of conditions to understand them, to love them, and to witness showed a large field of need completely open for to them of the abundant life that Christ has made such work. It was therefore decided to organize possible. and intensify four types of evangelical work.

For self-interest and for human interest, in 1. One line will be through Christian social acknowledgment of our debt to them and to Jesus centers, chiefly in rural districts, with an inten- Christ, in view of their achievements and their sive program of economic, social and cultural possibilities, there is good reason to study the improvement, good citizenship, education of the Orientals in America, to use the knowledge thus surrounding community, active evangelism and gained and to share with these people all the bless- religious training. The activities will include lec- ings we enjoy. tures, medical dispensary work, minor industries, domestic economy, hygiene, reading-rooms, teach- A CHALLENGING PROGRAM IN MEXICO* ing the care and education of children, coopera- At the invitation of the evangelical forces of tive production, religious studies, guidance in Mexico, representatives of most of the Protestant Christian service and training in the spiritual life. Mission Boards working in Mexico spent the week March 14-21 conferring both in union and in de- 2. Another type of service will be through stunominational gatherings with the Mexican Chris- dent hostels established in educational centers tian leaders in reference to the future of Chris- such as Mexico City and other state capitals. tian work, in view of the perplexing changes of Here students attending government schools can government regarding Christian schools and other be offered the surroundings of a Christian home with individual guidance in life problems. activities. Besides the educational conferences in Mexico 3. The program calls for the emphasizing of Christian literature. More anti-Christian litera- City, there were meetings of various groups in the ture is in circulation. Books, magazines and interests of union enterprises, including the Na- pamphlets should have a larger share in evangelitional Christian Council of Mexico, the Mexico cal work than ever before. Committee of the Committtee on Cooperation in Latin America, the Union Publishing House, the 4. One fundamental element in all phases of the Union Theological Seminary. A group visit was task is evangelical religious education. This can no longer be given in the school but it can and must be improved in the home and church. Chris- • The Mission Boards working in Mexico have been the first to tian education, in terms of life and character, must permeate-the entire evangelical program. carry out the suggestions of the last meeting of the Foreign Missions Conference, that secretaries unitedly should visit fields of work The Union Theological Seminary is also to be and consult with representative leaders of the national forces con- reorganized and relocated, emphasizing the decerning the new program of Christian service which Is demanded velopment of rural leadership and preparing min- isters for the anticipated government requirein these fields by neW conditions. ment that religious workers must do a certain The following board secretaries attended the Mexican conferences: amount of manual work. Dr. W. G. Cram and Miss S. L. MacKinnon of the Southern Method- 'ist Church, Dr. Thos. S. Donohugh of the Methodist Episcopal Church (north), Dr. John A. Mackay of the Northern Presbyterian Church, Miss Lela E. Taylor and Rev. Roy G. Ross of the Disciples, Dr. Robert M. Hopkins of the World's Sunday School Association, Samuel G. Inman of the Co=ittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- Ica. The Congregationalists, Friends and Baptists were represented by specially appointed missionaries. S. G. I.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Evangelical missions must shift their programs economic and physical handicaps. Does the average since the Mexican Government is preparing to do white American citizen realize that the death rate among much of the educational and philanthropic work his red brothers is twice that among his own people?

for which the missions have carried responsibility. From tuberculosis alone, in one western state-Montana- Christian workers are now able to devote more a recent survey shows that the death rate of the Indian population over a six-year period (ending 1931) shows time to their primary spiritual work. They will twenty-seven times that of the white population of the be able to mingle with the new vigorous forces state, one county being excluded. . . .

that are transforming the life of the people and In economic conditions too, there has long been urgent need of saving action. In 1887, in an effort to reform the by friendly ministries will be able to bring the system pronounced "accursed," the Government instituted land allotment. The aim back of this was to reform the spiritual forces to bear on the social program and Indian by inCUlcating in him the white man's way of living. To that end the reservations were broken up from vast to show how Christ's teachings affect actual life tribal tracts into individually owned pieces, and the Indians were told to farm these pieces as the white man did and situations. to give up their old tribal habit of operating their land in common. This system, however sincerely it may have These are the merest outlines of a far-reaching been instituted, has .been a source of economic loss to the Indians which is rapidly bringing them to ruin. From its program. To one,who has been familiar with the beginning in 1887 to the present time, two-thirds of the Indian-owned property has passed to white ownership as a evangelical work for many years, it seems that result of the forcing on an inexperienced race the respon- sibilities for individual ownership and operation of propthere has never beel). worked out up to the present erty. . . . In ten tribes recently studied it was discovered that the average per capita income was no more than $47 time such a challenging Christian program and per year. What can be expected of a people so frightfully handicapped by poverty and disease? . . . Is not some never could Christian forces outside of Mexico be drastic measure of reform imperatively needed?

asked with more enthusiasm to help support this program. SAMUEL G. INMAN.

THE INDIAN PROBLEM TODAY The Wheeler-Howard Bill The American Indian is still a problem. So is The plan put forward in the Wheeler-Howarq Bill is the Negro, and the Oriental in America. Can we as follows: to repeal the land allotment laws whIch have omit from the list the migrant workers, mountain- made it not only possible but unavoidable in many cases eers, miners, slum dwellers, farmers, the idle rich, for the Indians to sell their lands at sacrificial prices; to youth, parents? They all present problems which set aside an appropriation of $2,000,000 a year to buy are unsolved because every individual represents back for the tribes, lands which they have lost; and, a problem until he is properly adjusted to life. since these lands are chiefly operable in large units such as forest and range tracts, to make it possible for Indians But the Indian is, in an especial sense, an Amer- now living on widely scattered allotments (no one of ican problem because his ancestors were original which in itself is sufficient to yield its owner a living) to tenants-much sinned against-and the descend- consolidate these scattered tracts into large contigUOUS ents have been considered the wards of the Na- areas; and last, to make available to the Indian owners tion-too often exploited. It seems unbelievable of such tracts modern credit facilities, such as are availthat after four hundred years of contact with sup- able to white business men, and to supply them with techposedly superior white civilization, and after a nical advice in matters of administration and operation. century and a half of Governmental supervision and missionary influence, the Indian is still to so However, reform cannot rest entirely on economic prolarge an extent uncivilized, uneducated, and unad- visions. It requires also attention to the human side of justed to modern life. the Indian situation. How can reform be put into effect when the Indians themselves have no voice in the man- The Hon. John Collier, U. S. Commiesioner of agement of their affairs, no hand in the management of Indian Affairs, is endeavoring to correct some of their own money, no voice in determining what local conthe evils that hinder Indian progress, and to this ditions shaH,. be as to the health and education of their end is sponsoring the Wheeler-Howard Bill now children, no ~ght even to assemble, no normal human repending in Congress. This bill (as described in sponsibilities in fact? . . . our April number) is the subject of considerable debate and difference of opinion among statesmen, The Wheeler-Howard Bill offers the Indians the oppormissionaries and Indians. It may have an im- tunities so long denied them to function as citizens. It portant bearing on the future of the Indian for it will give to those Indians who so desire the right to organincludes plans for promoting community life on ize municipal self-government under certaill provisions reservations, with self-government and protec- of Government supervision. It will aiIlli at instructing the tion. It is confessedly an experiment to do away Indian as to the best civic and moral methods to employ' with the evils of the "allotment system" and ex- in operating these municipalities, and it is hoped that, ploitation by greedy white men. Mr. Collier says, with the years, they may become capable of functioning in in a letter to the editor: our Government as independently as white men do. . . .

On coming into office the administration was faced The Wheeler-Howard Bill does not, as has been with the most serious of all human problems-the disin- charged, attempt to "segregate" the Indians in any way tegration of a people, morally and spiritually, through whatsoever. It does not take any land away from any group or individual to give it to landless groups and in- dividuals. It does not in any way cut the Indian off from contact and association with his white neighbors. Least of all does the bill even by indirection militate against

Christian work among the Indians. Instead of ~oing .any knowledged his indebtedness to Dr. Fisher for of these things, it will secure more land ~o the IndIans and it will prevent them, from losing to whIte people that furnishing translations from this Turkish history. That was enough. Although Dr. Fisher has never which they already have. It will immeasurably raise the said or writen anything against the Government educational opportunities open to them, making av~iIable the mere furnishing of a translation, which was to Indian youths training comparab~e to that cons.Idered indispensable to the children of whIte men. It WIll not used by some unknown writer, was enough to conimpose the slightest restriction on the freedom of any demn him. The Government informed Robert Indian to come or go as he wishes. . . . College that Professor Fisher would not be al- Within recent years the Indian was actually subject lowed to return to Turkey.

to segregating physical restri~tions .making it i~possib~e The tenth anniversary of the Republic offers for him to leave his reservatIOn WIthout a whIte man s permission. Those restrictions have now been remo~ed, evidence of the remarkable progress made in these but his terrible mental and spiritual segregation remams. ten years, but any conscientious report would Should that not also be lifted? The present administra- hardly be flattering enough to please the Turkish tion believes that it should. Government. One example of the striking prog- ress is, however, in education – in schools of all There is no question as to the evils connected types. The present regime has given great attenwith the present system. The. great question is tion to them, so that Turkish schools are better as to how the root of the evil can be removed so housed and furnished, better taught, and better that the Indian will be protected from exploitation disciplined, than ever before. But the teaching in and given an opportunity and incentive to take his these schools is selfish and narrowly nationalistic. place as an intelligent, useful American citizen. The teachers frequently fail to receive their pay, They need economic development, education in the and many blocks are put in the way of real proglaws of health, basic intellectual and moral train- ress. The Government's attitude toward many of ing; incentive and ability to perform the duties the foreign schools has been one of petty interof citizenship, and recognition of responsibility ference and of scarcely concealed opposition. and relationship to God. Tribal dances and superstitious rites should be discredited as unwhole- Other signs of progress are the better marriage some relics of the past, while the best character- laws, strict monogamy, and the emancipation of istics of the Indians are recognized and developed. woman. But in the interior of the country polyg- They should not be exploited either morally or amy is still practiced with little concealment, and financially, nor should any shortsighted policy be the veil is by no means lifted from women in adopted that tends to keep them segregated and most towns, and in practically all of the villages. under different laws from those that govern other citizens. The Wheeler-Howard Bill, with some INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP HOUSES modification, promises to help solve some fea- tures of the Indian problem but there are others A large number of students have been coming that can only be solved as individuals-White and to America from foreign lands and, as a rule, have Red-become intelligent, Christian citizens in a attended schools and colleges in large cities such Christian environment. as New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Los Angeles. To create under- PROGRESS AMID DIFFICULTIES IN standing and friendship between them and Amer- TURKEY* ican students, and to furnish accommodations in The Turkish Government is extremely national- wholesome surroundings, three large Internaistic and is so jealous and suspicious that very tional Houses have been built by private philaninnocent things get people into trouble. For in- thropy – one each in New York, Chicago and stance, note the expulsion of Professor Edgar J. Berkeley. In many other cities and in some col- Fisher, Dean of Robert College. The Government leges and universities there are hostels and club prepared its own textbook of universal history, houses that bring these foreign students under five volumes in Turkish, and ordered that no other Christian influence. text of history shall be used in any school. All foreign schools must use it and it must be taught The number of foreign students has decreased by Turkish teachers. The book describes the in recent years and the number of foreign stu- Turkish race as the originator of all civilization. dents in the International Houses is from one- Last year there appeared in an American educa- third to two-thirds less than eight years ago. In tional periodical a none too flattering critique of the New YorK International House, for example, this unique history, The writer, in fairness, ac- the number of Oriental stUdents has decreased from 154 in 1926 to 51 in 1934. This is largely due to the economic depression. These Houses of * All the Mission boards and societies have been forced to cut Friendship are important cultural centers, with an atmosphere of brotherliness at home and abroad, down their missionaries' salaries: then, after the 20% to 40% cut but they are not open to evangelistic efforts. has been made, the fall In the dollar cuts olI a third of the remainder. The American consular and diplomatic offtclals are paid on the gold baSis-but not missionaries!

Are the Orientals in America?

By PRESIDENT ALBERT W. PALMER, D.D., LL.D., Ii- -..a{ Chicago, Illinois Author of "Orientals in American Life," etc.

ORIENTALS are people who come from the over half a century and has now come to a period East. The word grew up in an English of fruitage and of new opportunity which makes and European setting where Arabia, Per- it an important enterprise for the churches to sia, India, China, Japan and the Philippines were understand and carry forward.

normally approached by going further and fur- The statistical tables which accompany this ar- ther east. Hence people from all these lands were ticle reveal at a glance the spread of Orientals called Orientals, those around the end of the Medi- throughout the continental United States and the terranean Sea being considered as in the "near" areas of their greatest concentration, as re- East and those in India, China and Japan as in ported by the census of 1930. To these figures the "far" East. We still use these terms in Amer- should be added those for Hawaii: 27,179 Chiica though, as a matter of fact, Japan, China and nese, 139,631 Japanese and 63,052 Filipinos, or the Philippines are in our near East or rather, 229,862 out of a total population of 368,336 in the since we normally go west to visit them, our "near territory. It should also be noted that these figwest," and we might as well call them Occidentals ures deal with race, not with national allegiance. as Orientals! All of which only shows that the About half of them are American-born and are line "East is East and West is West" is by no therefore American citizens by birth-right. This means as true as the poet thought it was! applies to those born in Hawaii just as much as to those born on the mainland of the United However, "Orientals in America" still means to us the people of Asia, especially those of China, States. Japan, and the Philippine Islands. There are What are the characteristics of these peopl~?

Arabs, Persians and East Indians in America but Much alike as all Orientals may look and seem to their number is small and they do not affect social us, they have their distinct differences of which conditions or create any race problem of impor- they themselves are very conscious. The Chinese tance. There are 6,400 Koreans in Hawaii but and Japanese have much in common in that both the number on the American mainland is very use the same written characters, though they pro- small, so that we here confine ourselves to the nounce them differently; they employ related art three larger groups, the 75,000 Chinese, the 140,- forms and think largely in terms of Confucian 000 Japanese and the 50,000 or 60,000 Filipinos. philosophy and Buddhist religious concepts. The All three together, total only about 275,000, not a Filipinos, though probably akin to the Japanese in very large block amid a population of 125,000,000 blood, with a considerable Chinese admixture, -only a little over two-tenths of one per cent. have been largely Christianized and have a cul- ture which owes more to Spain and, since 1898, Why bother about such a small minority? to America, than to Japan or even China. In Why should a series of textbooks about them be general the three groups, though often living in prepared and their study be urged upon all the churches? adjacent parts of American cities, are quite as The answer is that, while their number is rela- separate and distinct here as in their homelands tively small when compared with the whole Amer- across the Pacific. ican population, they represent a larger and more The Chinese in the United States are characterimportant proportion in certain areas like the ized by industry, thrift, capacity for sustained Pacific Coast where avery real and sensitive ra- toil, and commercial genius. They are excellent cial adjustment problem has arisen because of students and, in spite of a passion for gambling them. They also have a vital relationship to their and some addiction to opium, have an excellent homelands and so, for good or evil, they help to reputation for good behavior, and their criminal color and condition our dealings with these trans- record is well below the average for the total Pacific neighbors of whose importance we are be- American population. The economic and social coming increasingly aware. Moreover, mission- walls which racial discrimination has raised ary work has been carried on among them for against them have tended to shut them up in [263 ]

"Chinatowns," which if they were Jews would railroad builders. Even so, their competition and be called "ghettoes." Lack of economic oppor- increasing numbers struck terror to the heart of tunity has also driven some of them into under- the white workingman and, after a period of perworld trades or turned their attention toward secution and agitation, the Chinese exclusion law China as their land of hope. The proportion of was passed in the early '80s. Since that time their women among them is relatively small-only number has gradually declined until the last cen- 15,000 women to 60,000 men, because their roots sus when it has begun to rise, due to the natural are still in China and the immigration laws do increase from children born in this country. not permit them to bring their wives from China. This strengthens the tendency to be Asiatic- The Japanese came later, faced a racial attitude minded and the tumultous and revolutionary con- already fixed toward the Chinese, aroused the ditions in that country also attract their interest same fears of an Asiatic inundation of cheap laand arouse their hope. bor and became the object of anti-alien land laws and exclusion agitation which finally came to a The Japanese, on the other hand, consider climax in the federal immigration law of 1924. America their home and are not minded to re- This gave Asiastics no quota, thereby excluding turn to Japan, except as visitors. They have all except a few special classifications. Both the come largely as families with a goodly proportion Chinese and Japanese have resented these excluof women (57,000 females to 81,000 males) and sion laws which, although they have calmed the among their large group of American-born chil- fears of the Pacific Coast, have not been in acdren the balance of the sexes is nearly equal. cord with the ideals of Christian diplomacy and They do not ordinarily accept segregation, though have been needlessly and foolishly irritating to Los Angeles and other Pacific Coast cities may peoples with whom we shall have to live around have a "little Tokyo," but scatter on farms and the Pacific Ocean for centuries to come and whose in the urban communities. They are industrious, friendship we should seek to win and not to thrifty, especially good at "stooping-over" agri- alienate. cultural pursuits like raising strawberries and vegetables, and are exceedingly intelligent and The Filipino in America zealous for education for their children. They take on American ways rather more promptly Now, last of all, comes the Filipino. He came than the Chinese in their clothes, their houses first to Hawaii as a laborer in the sugar-cane and and social customs. Adaptability is their middle pineapples and now appears in the United States name! proper as a student and a gang-laborer in the lettuce, asparagus and sugar beet industries. He Oriental Characteristics is lithe, cheerful, adept at "squatting" types of agriculture and he operates in gangs under a boss A widespread legend has it that the Chinese who is both employer, labor leader, boardingare honest and the Japanese dishonest, but this is house keeper and sometimes friend and relative one of those perverse racial generalizations which all rolled into one. are quite without adequate foundation. Unprejudiced observers who really know both races do not In the cities the Filipino is a young man away draw any such comparisons. They recognize that from home. He likes good clothes and social the Chinese, out of a long commercial training, gaiety. He is fond of music and dancing and has are ordinarily loyal to their contracts while the a Spanish cavalier attitude toward the ladies. Japanese, who have only recently emerged from Not having many women of his own group (only feudalism, . are more strongly bound by ties of one to every fourteen men) he makes friends with personal loyalty, honor and good will. The Japa- women of other racial groups-Mexican, Italian, nese are noted for cleanliness, a high sense of Polish and others-and this sometimes decreases personal honor and dignity, love for children and his popularity with the men of those groups. skill in controlling them and a deep sense of gratitude for favors received. Like the Chinese their Being the latest comer he is the least popular criminal record is decidedly better than the aver- and most objected to, and he has a certain irreage of the population and they practically never sponsibility and recklessness which go with youth trouble the associated charities or the Juvenile and would doubtless be less noticeable in a com- Courts. munity of normal age and family composition. He has, howeyer, a Spanish and Roman Catholic The Chinese began coming to California during background and his friends think that in some the gold excitement of 1849. Crowded out of the ways he will make the adj ustment to American mines by discriminatory taxation they found mar- life more easily than Chinese and Japanese beginal occupations so far as possible where they cause of that. He is able to get by the immigrawould not compete directly with white men. They tion authorities so far because, while not a citibecame laundrymen, cooks, vegetable peddlers and zen, he is rated as a "United States national" and not excluded. When Philippine independence ar-

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA?

rives he will probably find himself just another which predisposes them to Christianity. To them Asiatic without a quota. Meantime he is very Buddhism is alien and not readily intelligible, much in need of friends. The missionary work, whereas Christianity fits in with the ideas and long under way with Chinese and Japanese, has ways of thinking to which their education has prescarsely been started among the Filipinos, who, disposed them. as young men in a strange land greatly need homes, guidance, friendship and Christian influ- The way is therefore open and ready for a great ences. Christian forward movement among these young Americans of Oriental ancestry. Already the The need for missionary work among all these Japanese Young People's Christian Federation Orientals is imperative and the outlook is very has every year at Berkeley, California, the largest promising, especially among the young people convention of Christian young people of any race born in the United States and growing up in our on the Pacific Coast. public schools. This so-called "second generation" of American citizens of Chinese or Japanese It is therefore a very timely and strategic thing ancestry is one of the most appealing and praise- for the missionary leaders of our country to turn worthy groups of young people in all the land. the attention of the American churches to a home Whatever may have been the background of their missionary task which right within our own gates parents' religious ideas-Buddhist, Confucianist, has something of the romance of foreign mis- Taoist-they are growing up in a civilization sions and at the same time is filled with hopeful possibilities.

I. Regional Distribution of Orientals, Census of 1930 Chinese Japanese i Filipino Area T'otal Male Female Total I Male Female I Total I Male Female MNeiwddlEe n gAltalnadn t i.c…………………… 3,794 3,233 561 i ! 75 358 1 29 WSE.o. uNNtohorrtAthhtOlOaenentntirtcraal.l……………………………. 14,005 12,503 1,502 922 2,882 314 6,340 5,421 352 277 I 267 3,027 329 I 168 E. South Oentral ……….. 1,738 1,431 919 341 76 1,869 1,477 307 3,662 2,740 115 784 2,568 81 M WPa.ocuiSfnoictuatih.n..O..e….n..t..r..a..l………………………….. 392 1,022 755 14 861 2,859 743 589 154 1,003 662 255 50 2 United States ………….. 1,582 1,237 345 278 4,382 839 708 176 3,252 2,675 577 393 32 50,692 1,391 780 112 41,631 31,236 10,395 46 432 35,016 48 1,982 . 687 663 74,954 59,802 15,152 7,036 1,279 12101,,245118 1 69,559 33,034 138,834 I 81,771 I 57,063 1 45,208 j 42, 268 1 2,940 I I II. Oriental Population in Twenty-five Typical Cities, Census of 1930 Ohinese Japanese Filipino CHies Total 1 Male I Female Total i Male I l"emale ! 'rotal I Male I Female – – – – –~~~–~~~—I———— 438 I 346 i 131 2 Baltimore, Md. ………… 92 29 1 99 97 108 98 10 Boston, Mass. …………. 1,595' 1,346 ' 249 69 .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: I 17 5 1,715 81 Buffalo, N. Y. ………….. 110 91 19 [ 1,796 568 37 Ohicago, Ill. …………… 2,757 2,408 349 ~~~ 486 II 179 10 486 1' 3,021 224 Oleveland, O. ………….. 570 84 45 ::::: I 1 51 88 1~7 G Dallas, Tex. …………… 10 605 189 255 73 Denver, 0010. ………….. 154 121 33 349 225 ' 124 3,245 1,599 198 Detroit, Mich. …………. 710 586 83 I 37 75 91 124 103 20 497 Kansas Oity, Mo ……….. 1 108 2,228 13:3 I 57 Los Angeles, Oalif. …….. 3,009 17 26 .. i2:597 I 8,484 492 15 781 21,081 '7 484 80 Milwaukee, Wis………… 1 176 157 19 10 328 314 418 4,158 Minneapolis, Minn……… ! 221 175 46 :38 30 8I 1,797 1,563 51 572 Newark, N. J …………… I 667 622 45 II •••••••• I 255 39 7 New Orleans, I,a……….. 1 267 197 70 34 549 499 New York, N. Y………… ' 8,414 7,549 865 2,356 1,748 608 91 Oakland, Oalif…………. 3,048 2,OIl 1,037 2,137 1,241 : 896 394 Oklahoma Oity, Okla…… 1 112 97 15 9 …… 98 I 4,576 1,474 198 138 1,614 Philadelphia, Pa. ………. 1,672 40 61 Portland, Ore. …………. 1,416 990 426 1,864 1,088 776 294 St. Louis, Mo. …………. 484 393 91 31 San Diego, Oalif. ………. 509 387 122 9Il 521 390 San Francisco, Oalif. …… 16,303 12,033 4,270 6,250 3,607 2,643 Seattle, Wash. …………. 1,347 969 378 8,448 4,741 3,707 Tacoma, Wash. ………… 89 1,193 676 517 Washington, D.O., …….. 398 325 93 78

Students in

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students "I AM convinced that Christianity is not the If our Christian experience is to be shared with religion for China," said a Chinese student in others, should we not trust them to express their a recent conversation with me. One of his convictions according to their genius and in their fellow countrymen, with communistic leanings, own way? Perhaps the Oriental student in Amerconcurred in this view and added: "Why is it that ica should not join one of our denominations; communism has won a million followers in China maybe we should give him much more support in while Christianity lags far behind?" When I building up a Christian movement among his felchallenged them to indicate what they found low students in America. Why not call him into wrong in the teachings and example of Jesus conference with our Mission Boards? Is it not Christ, they promptly replied, "Nothing wrong amazing that so few Orientals are teaching in our in Him, but the system is bad." One of these colleges? students is a product of a mission school; the The Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino other is not; both are men of first-rate intellec- national Christian associations are eager to intual ability an'd pleasing personality. How·far do fluence their fellow students to live the Christian they represent the opinions of the other 1,200 life. Their leaders are seldom asked how Ameri- Chinese students in North America? can missionary enthusiasts can help them realize Communi~m, nationalism, and Christianity are their objective. They are often asked to dress up competing today for the allegiance of 4,000 Ori- in native costume and appear at missionary teas, ental students in the United States. For the mo- make speeches, and provide entertainment for ment nationalism holds their primary loyalty. American church organizations. We are in danger Chinese and Korean students regard the Japanese of exploiting these students for our own pleasure.

as enemies, and they are not generally disposed to I believe that 4,000 Oriental students returning to follow the injunction of Jesus and love them. The their mother lands can do more than twice that Japanese are willing to be loved, but not inclined number of missionaries to mould the life of their to swerve from one hundred per cent loyalty to people according to the pattern of Jesus. Hun- the "manifest destiny of their empire." East In- dreds of the most influential Christian leaders in dian students find more hope of present and fu- the Orient today were members of the Christian ture salvation in Mahatma Gandhi than in the associations in America a few years ago. "churchanity" of the Western world. Seven hun- Most of the Oriental students in America are dred Filipino students, while grateful for any good sympathetic with the aims and methods of their received from American sources, are restive under Christian associations; they read the monthly the deferred hope of complete independence. bulletins 0:( their societies, use their directories, No doubt some Oriental students have come ex- welcome the letters and visits of the secretaries, pecting too much; having enjoyed happy fellow- and attend various conferences. A minority are ship with their missionary teachers, they are sen- professed followers of Christ and take an active sitive to seeming neglect. Others have a chip on part in Christian association meetings. It is the shoulder; they are looking for trouble and through these associations that the American peothey find it. But after making due allowance for ple can best manifest their helpfulness.

this minority, we must admit that there is in our Some of the results of Christian contacts made American attitude and conduct abundant cause by Orientals in America are seen in the large for irritation and disillusionment. Most of us number of those who have returned to their home still act as if we had nothing to learn from the lands to take up service there. ancient .philosophy and culture of the Orient. We Dr. Toyohiko-Kagawa of Japan does not hesi- assume that the Oriental will come to us, learn our tate to give credit to Princeton Theological Semilanguage and manners, eat and dress as we do, in nary and his contact with American Christian short, become Americanized. Do we not still talk home life, for their determining influence upon of the "missionary enterprise" as if it were some- his life. thing which we are "putting over" in the Far East? Dr. Herman Liu, President of Shanghai Uni- versity, attributes to the American church and [266 ] MEMBERS OF THE THrRD ANNUAL OONFERENCE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION OF NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 13, 1933. DR. E. STANLEY JONES, WELL-KNOWN MISSIONARY IN INDIA, SPOKE ON "TH!El PLACE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT IN THE RELIGION OF HIS OWN COUNTRY"

home influences his decision to dedicate his life receptions and dinners are arranged; talented to Christian education in China. foreign students are frequently invited to address Dr. S. J. Theodore, an influential professor in American audiences. American made plans and Madras Christian University, earned his way programs are carried out in American fashion, through Cornell and Yale Universities, much of until the student naturally feels that he is being the time living with a Christian family. In spite used by Americans in their way rather than ac- of discrimination in street cars, barber shops, cording to his own desires.

restaurants and churches, he maintained a re- Leaders of Mission Boards and local mission- markably sweet spirit, and is today one of the ary societies will get ahead much better with foremost Christian educators in India. Oriental students if they will offer such coopera- Popularity and fraternity membership at Yale tion as will enable Oriental students to promote University did not turn the head of Y. C. James their Christian program according to Oriental (Jimmy) Yen. He was president of the Chinese methods and ideals. In short, the inquiry, "How Students' Christian Association and a welcome can we Americans help you Oriental Christian guest in many American homes. Service with the students realize your ideals in your way?" will Y. M. C. A. among Chinese laborers in France meet with an enthusiastic and cheerful response.

gave him a vision of service which is being ful- It is not Americanization of the Oriental nor de- filled today in his outstanding leadership for popu- nationalization of him that we seek, but rather lar education in China. the mutual deepening and enrichment of Christian Ask Dr. Hugh Cynn to name the determining experience through cooperative effort.

influences in shaping his career and he invariably An illustration of how things may be done in mentions his loyal American friends of the Meth- Oriental fashion in America, to make the Orien- odist Church and the Y. M. C. A. in California tals feel more at home, is shown by a recent Japa- and throughout the United States. He is one of nese dinner in New York at the Nippon Club. The the three most prominent Christian leaders in entire arrangements and program were exqui- Korea today. sitely Japanese – food, decorations, music, Hon. Camilo Osias, Commissioner from the speeches, all flavored with the courtesy of Nippon.

Philippine Islands, delights to tell of his student The little group of Americans present entered days in Illinois and Ohio when he was impression- heartily into the conversation, manipulated the able and homesick, and enjoyed the hospitality of chopsticks and admired the motion pictures of Christian people in home and church. College Japan. It was a delightful program initiated and friendships in America won him to fixed purposes conducted by the Japanese Students' Christian of Christian service to his people. Association.

The Christian movement among Oriental stu- The Filipinos in New York enlisted the coop- dents in the United States is by no means desti- eration of a few Americans in giving a dinner in tute of real friends. In practically every com- honor of Theodore Roosevelt, former Governor of munity where there are students from the Orient, the Philippines. Native costumes, special re- the churches, Christian Associations, and various freshments, music and speeches made the occasion clubs are actively in contact with them; many memorable for Americans as well as Filipinos. It

was a Filipino event by Filipinos and chiefly for smaller than in the past. Our business, political, Filipinos, of whom more than 150 were present. and educational relations with these countries are daily becoming more intimate and extensive. Ex- A church in Maplewood, New Jersey, each year cpallge visits are on the increase. More Oriental in May invites ten students from as many coun- teacpers are being invited to American univertries for a week-end. They participate in a picnic sities; friendship tours of school boys and girls on Saturday afternoon, are entertained in private are on the increase; future statesmen of the homes, speak to various Sunday school classes Orient are now studying political science in this and attend church service. Sunday afternoon each country and, slowly but surely, young Americans foreign student leads a discussion group on pis are planning a year or more of study and travel country. In the evening each foreign guest gives in the Orient. a farewell message at the Young People's supper. Making Christ known and followed in the Ori- We have come to the day when America needs .ent and Occident is a joint enterprise-not someto be a receiving, as well as a sending country, to thi:ng to be imposed by one group upon another. be taught and to follow rather than always to be Once the Oriental students discover this attitude teacher and leader. on our part they will unite with us in building a world society according to the vindicated prin- Inquiries addressed to hundreds of Christian ciples of Jesus Christ. Oriental leaders regarding the dominant influ- In all of our dealing with Oriental students we DELEGATES TO CONIFERE1NCE OF ORl'ENTAL CHRISTIAN should remember that they are inevitably under a STUDENTS, 1934 handicap: first, because they are conspicuous in our college life on account of external racial charences determining their careers called forth glow- acteristics; second, they are victims of our law's ing tributes to their American teachers, their fel- discrimination, which requires them to carry full low students, and their friends in the United time day work as students or be deported; the States. For many the inspiration of a Christian law denies them the right to work full time as home revolutionized their life purpose; others re- apprentices, for or without wages; third, prevailcall the memorable messages and fellowship en- ing racial and color prejudices on our part often joyed in student conferences. Not a few remem- humiliate them in their social relationships in ber with lasting gratitude the financial and moral America; fourth, their financial resources are help extended in their hour of desperate need. often inadequate and the accompanying distress results in embarrassment and often times harsh It is our duty and high privilege to invite criticism of American civilization; fifth, the Oriental students to our· Mission Board offices American-born Oriental finds it almost impossible and into our counsels. They should be made fa- to obtain a satisfactory position in this country, miliar with our changing plans and policies. Much although possessing ability and training, the equal of the hostility and prejudice against foreign mis- of that of white Americans. sions can be avoided and overcome by adequate and early conference and fellowship. We are the Oriental students are most grateful for suggeshosts, they are guests; initiative rests with us. tions and introductions which enable them to Why should any Oriental student return to his know influential American citizens and to obtain native land without having had opportunity to information not available within the curriculum. get the latest facts concerning missionary policy and methods? If we wish to improve our cooperative relation- ship with Oriental students, we must practice the Let us face reality. Comparatively few more Christianity which our missionaries preach. This American missionaries will be sent to Japan, Ko- will mean speedy recognition of racial equality; rea, and the Philippines; more will probably go repeal of discrimiriatory legislation, and the early to China and India, but this number will be granting of citizenship rights annually to a lim- ited quota of Orientals; the abrogation of unequal treaties; the absolute prohibition of the manu- facture and display of films which are an insult to the people-, of the Orient; the elimination of an attitude of patronage and condescension toward cultured Oriental tourists and students.

Thus putting our own house somewhat in order we shall be justified in expecting the Orient to listen to the Gospel; otherwise it will seem to them like "sounding brass and a clanging cymbal."

America's Influence Anti~Christian?

By ARTHUR A. YOUNG, New York Editor of "The Chinese Christian Student"

M ISSION BOARDS have sought the causes cut, and pays three dollars for the experience. A . for the slow progress of Christianity in the Orient, but too often they have overlooked sign on the campus reads, "Three rooms vacant," the Oriental students in America. Eventually these men become influential leaders among their but when the Filipino applies, he is told abruptly, own countrymen and are far-reaching factors in the success or failure of Christian missions in the "No rooms vacant." If he attends a church sup- Far East. per and has a fine time these same people fail to Unfortunately many Oriental students lose their faith in Christ and Christianity while study- recognize him as they pass him on the street. ing in the United States, as has been shown by a recent survey conducted among Christian Oriental Twenty-nine reasons were given by Oriental students.* It proved conclusively that among students why they lose their Christian faith while Oriental students more Christians are unmade, in America. These reasons include everything rather than made during their residence in the United States. Why is this? from "Too few Christians" to "America's passion Christian missionaries brought the first Ori- for misrepresentation"; from "race prejudice" to ental students to America. A Rev. Mr. Brown discovered Yung Wing in Macao and saw him "corruption and crime"; from "church too fundathrough Yale-the pioneer Oriental student to start the movement that brings hundreds of Chi- mental" to "church indifference to social probnese students to America yearly. Joseph Hardy Neesima, the first Japanese student in America, lems." was brought into contact with a Christian in the United States and, after receiving his education, Race prejudice is cited more than any other he returned home and founded Doshisha University. Today the percentage of genuine Oriental factor as a cause why Oriental students lose faith. Christians in American colleges is so small that we wonder why the movement that brought them One expresses disappointment to see that "some here in the beginning failed in later years to win more of them to Christ. churches do not allow colored people to enter"

Back home in the Orient missionaries have rep- and wonders "if they remember that Jesus Christ resented the favorable side of American life so as to cause the students to anticipate with delight Himself was not of white skin." Others say: "If a more intimate contact with Americans. "Before I came, I thought America a Christian na- Christ Himself tried to enter America He could tion. Now I know it's different," is a common experience among Oriental students. not do so under present immigration laws."

Even on board the steamer coming to the Filipino students are most vocal regarding lack United States the weakening process begins. At the Grand Central Terminal, an Oriental student of opportunities in the United States, particularly enters a restaurant, and waits and waits and waits, but no one comes to serve him. In the employment. Here is a typical statement: South, one of his countrymen gets his first hair- "Talk of Christianity but when it comes to prac- • The survey was a jOint effort of the Chinese Students' Christian Aissociation, the Japanese Students' Christian Association, the FIlI- tical life very few Americans are mindful of the pino Student Christian Movement In America, the Korean Students' x~!~l~~ Federation, and the Hindustani StUdents' Association In fact that we Filipinos are Christian and subjects of the United States, and therefore should at least be given a chance to enjoy the privileges accorded to Americans."

Even flags seen in churches have tended to weaken the Christian faith of Oriental students.

One Korean student confessed that the sight of them made him feel more patriotic toward his country, and, therefore, less a universal Christian.

Chinese and Japanese students place much em- phasis on America's commercial spirit, and the luxuries and pleasures so dominant in her civili- zation. .

Professors and university textbooks have played their part in this influence on faith. "Most cer- tainly, I have lost it," wrote one. "For one thing there is the influence of the university. Such courses as anthropology, comparative religion, 0pthhileorssopdh0 y,n psychology, sociology, sciences, an d ot tend to m ake a person believe i n organized religion."

[269 ]

One might think that Orientals in theological tian conferences and conventions, in Christian seminaries would be so entrenched in their Chris- homes and institutions. I have also received intian faith that no American contact would weaken spiration from many helpful messages that I have it. But from the replies received it is safe to say heard." that a number have become skeptical and have even lost their faith in Christianity since their A Chinese student felt his Christian life much studies in America, or their Christian faith has enriched because he "met good and sincere Amerbeen weakened. ican Christians in a family in St. Paul." Some American invitations are resented by Oriental stu- The chief criticisms are: too many denomina- dents because they seemed to indicate something tions; lack of the true spirit of Christianity to- of patronage and superiority. They are sensitive wards strangers; some churches show that the on this score, and dislike to be always receiving teaching of Christianity has become the second favors with never returning them. On college aim. Dances and other social activities predomi- campuses it is better for a church to say, "Welnate. come to All," and not, "Welcome to Oriental Stu- dents." A Chinese student at a well-known theological seminary lists four reasons why "my faith has As speakers in churches these students often been considerably weakened": 0 make contacts that help strengthen their Chris- tian faith. "My weekly atfendance at Sunday 1. The childish controversies over theological concep- School and speaking engagements in various tions instead of helping to live a good Christian life takes churches made me realize the value of real Chrisaway attention from matters of great issues of life. tian fellowship," says a Korean student. The problem is to get good speakers. Some foreign 2. The shattering of the ideal built up on the good life students utilize the occasion to lambast mission of the missionaries in the East. Christians in this coun- work in their home lands and should realize that try, with a few notable exceptions, do not stand the test criticisms are more effective when made to of ideal Christian life that we in the East look up to. church leaders than to congregations.

3. The fact that such a large majority of the Americans Success in strengthening the Christian faith of do not even outwardly take any interest in church work. Oriental students depends primarily on a strong religious foundation. Many have not been firmly 4. Christians in general do not take Christianity seri- grounded in the Christian faith and are only ously, and do not make any special effort to remove the "school Christians." "My faith remains unevils of American society. That a Christian nation should shaken; no devil can change my faith in God," allow race prejudice, lynching, and other discriminative writes a Filipino girl in California. treatment of different races shows that there is something wrong with American Christianity. A Chinese student says: "My faith has been strengthened not in spite of but because of the Such condition among Oriental students in discouraging and sometimes humiliating experi- America, men and women who hope on their re- ences I have gone through since my arrival in turn home to lead their people in new heights of beautiful U. S. A." progress, do not augur well for the future of Christianity in the Far East. There are a num- An East Indian finds that America's materialber of organizations laboring on behalf of foreign ism is a reason why he should be a better Chrisstudents in the United States, notably the Com- tian. "The rush for °money," he writes, "and the mittee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Stu- pains taken to keep up external appearances, have dents. But their efforts, from the Christian evan- worked a reaction in my own heart about the shalgelistic point of view and the results, are insig- lowness of this over emphasis on storing up of nificant. Why do not American Mission Boards, riches in the world." which concentrate their work on fields afar, pay more attention to the foreign students here? This The most bitter anti-Christians in the Orient is a field calling for intelligent tillage; and one are those who were once in the fold and have lost that is deserving of the fullest possible coopera- faith through disillusionment. Jack London was tion. a great fighter against strong drink because he himself was once a drinker and became disillu- How to Improve the Influence sioned. Oriental students who come to America as Christians and go home as anti-Christians form There are ways to improve the situation. Not a challenge to the Christian Church-a challenge long ago seventy-five Oriental students in New that ought to be met. These men and women will York City met, with the aid of Columbia Univer- undoubtedly be leaders at home, influencing the sity and the Friendly Relations Committee, at thoughts, tastes and habits of their countrymen Riverside Church, and talked the matter over for for years to come. They will do much to mar or a whole day with missionary and church leaders. mould the Christian Church in Oriental lands. It was agreed that something must be done and effective methods of approach were discussed.

Personal contacts come first. A Filipino girl said, "My Christian faith has been strengthened through contacts with men and women in Chris-

HONG.A!NJI TEMPLE. SAN FRANCiSCO ALTAR OF THE NISHI HONGANJI BUDDHIST

How Some Orientals Worship in America -,·<tS{IL!;;i====B;;;; ;;Y ;;F;;;LO;;;R;;;E;;;N;;;C;;;E=C.;;;E;;;V;;;E;;;M;;;E;;;Y;;;E;;;R==-=!JI~ FAR too many have thought of the crossing of a means of regeneration. The Five Relations- ships bearing religion over the Pacific as a Father and Son, Ruler and Ruled, Husband and one-way passage, and that as Christianity Wife, Elder and Younger, Brothers and Friendsbound for Asia. But in mid-ocean the craft of of the Confucian code, holds a large place in the Christendom has been passed by ships from the background philosophy of life of both Chinese and Orient bringing to America their religions. What Japanese among the educated classes today. kind have they brought? How shall we regard But the common Chinese needed some one with them? ,compassion near to their daily lives. Making The Chinese were·the Oriental pioneers brought Buddha a divine being, and Kuan-yin a Goddess of Mercy, China's masses gave answer to Confuhere by capitalists of both races. The first were cian philosophy and Buddhism's socially destruc- "coolies," a name inflicted upon them, for there tive dream of Nirvana. is no equivalent in Chinese, no caste nor class it represents. It is a tribute to their strength that they survived the rough treatment they received In the Chinatowns of Vancouver, Seattle, Portin the frontier labor conflicts. Chinese have out- land, Los Angeles and picturesque "Little Asia" of San Francisco, where one-fourth of the 74,000 lived hard blows for over 4,000 years. Chinese in the United States are found, there Taoism and Confucianism are also the Chinese temples. As the old priest In the 6th century B. C., Lao-tse taught Taoism drew aside the curtain to show the "lady gods,"

-contemplation and reason, avoidance of force as there was Kuan-yin, fresh incense telling of re- • [271]

cent worship. Her story could offer comfort only Tenrikyo worship differs from Buddhist worto the few. ship. To a quiet place the discourser goes with the person that he may discern the character of Then came the Japanese. Prior to 1641, Japan his listener. Hence the movement of Tenrikyo permitted unrestricted residence of all nationali- is called a hidden mission. Preaching is not enties and as a result her entire social and economic tirely absent, but the sermon is seldom heard. structure was shot through with Chinese customs The principal ceremony of Tenrikyo is Otefuri and philosophy. Reacting strongly, Japan passed and Kagura. Otefuri is a prayer, accompanied by total exclusion laws and for two hundred years gestures of both hands, according to a formula it was a crime punishable by death for a J apa- taught by the foundressnese to leave his country. Now they are the world's great travelers and their first large emi- o my God, deliver me from evil. gration was to the United States. o our God, we earnestly ask thy deliverance Shinto and Tenrikyo for the purification of our fellowmen and for the edifice of Kanrodai (buoyant peace).

"Wherever Japanese are, there is Shinto," said Kagura is a harmony of singing, dancing and a Japanese. Today, Shinto as a religion is prac- music with instruments. The singing is per- tically extinct. As a State ritual, a divine patri- formed by two readers of the Divine Songs, while otism, it is very much alive. As worship, it the dance is by six dancers wearing the black consists of forms of respect and deification of cloth, with fans representing the colored sun.

humanity, particularly the Mikado, heroes and All these are men. Eight performers, of which ancestors. three are women, play the harp, the lute and the Out of desire that Shinto assume more religious violin; five men play the flute, the drum, the aspects to meet their spiritual need, Tenrikyo was bell, the gong, the kako and a pair of wooden born – "Ten," numeral; "ri," reasons; "kyo," blocks. The object of the singing and dancing is religion. It is sometimes called the Christian Sci- to show unutterable gratitude to God.

ence of the Japanese. In the year 1838 at the age Sikhism from India of forty, Miki Nakayama, claimed to have had a revelation at Jiva, Nara Perfecture, and wrote the The first people to come to America from India principal document called the Holy Psalms or were soldiers and policemen from Hong Kong and "Ofedesaki." Tenri-no-Mikoto, a supreme deity Shanghai. They came to Canada from the Pan- is singled out of ten other deities, who preside jab. The number has now dwindled for immigra- over the different functions of the human body. tion has been cut off, and emigration has taken It is henotheism, the belief in one God, but not to place. Those remaining are identified with the the exclusion of other gods. cultivation of raisins around Fresno, rice at Sac- The foundress warns that all disease results ramento, and cotton in the Imperial Valley.

from wicked hearts. Egotistic desires are the Most of these people are Sikhs. About the time source of all misfortune and malady. She calls of the Reformation in Europe, Sikhism rose in the them the "Eight Dusts"-coveting, grudging, pas- Panjab under the leadership of Baba Nanak as a sion, hatred, emnity, fury, greed and haughtiness. protest against caste, sectarianism and symbol These check spiritual progress. Unless one cast worship. They preached the unity of God and the them off, he cannot return to his true self, have brotherhood of man, combined Hinduism and Mo- his illness cured, his unhappiness converted into hammedanism and called themselves "Sikhs" or joy or his soul saved. One may have accumulated disciples. Guru Gobind Singh, in the f7th cen- "dusts" in a previous existence. . tury, sought to make them free from outside at- But getting rid of dusts is not sufficient. There tack by organizing them into a strong military must be "Hinokishin"-service to God and man. party called Khalsa. He instituted the baptism "Tenrikyo," says a Japanese, "is an instrument of of the sword as a means to membership.

the State, most faithful to the Sovereign and a At Stockton, California, the Sikhs have built a slave to public welfare." two-storied temple with a hall for meetings and Though persecuted, this sect has grown rapidly residence for the priest on the ground floor. Up- in recent years, and has now about 5,000,000 fol- stairs is the prayer hall at one end of which is an lowers in 10,000 "churches" of Japan. In 1928 altar on which is kept the Granth or sacred book the Overseas Department officially sent its first containing the precepts of Sikhism. Rich carpets missionaries across the Pacific. Today there are cover the floor, and above is an ornate canopy thirty centers of Tenrikyo in North America- with pictures and texts on the walls. Their scrip- Vancouver, B. C., Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Salt tures are read and expounded twice daily by the Lake City and larger cities of California. It was priests.

represented at the 1933 World's Fair at Chicago. Similar temples are found in Vancouver and

HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP IN AMERICA

Victoria, and in each lumber mill, owned by the April 28th, of the Nichiren temple-gift of the Sikhs, there is a temple. Wherever you find Southern Manchurian Railway to the Chicago twenty Sikhs, there you find a temple if only an World's Fair and now removed to Sebastpol, So- old shack. They rarely change their headdress, noma County, California.

shave their faces or cut their long hair, for this is Nichirenism from Japan part of their religion.

In the large centers, full time priests officiate. We drove up to the Nichiren temple, located in They are elected annually and receive salaries, a community of homes, both American and Japamust be men of high moral character educated in nese. Again the Buddhists show keen sense of the Gurumuki language. religious strategy in location. A one-story, yel- Japanese Buddhism low stucco, set off by dark green cypress trees oc- cupied a corner lot, with a spacious playground, On April 6th, for the first time in the history and the priest's home. With assistance from head- of the six Japanese Buddhist temples in Los An- quarters in Japan, members and friends had geles, the full Buddhist ritual was conducted in erected this attractive little "church" for $10,000 English by the only American priest in the United four years ago.

States. It was their Lord Buddha's birthday. In A portrait of Tanaka reminded us of the power- the same week Christians celebrated the resurrec- ful society in Japan called Kokuchukai, of which tion of their Lord Jesus. Mr. Chigaku Tanaka is president. Composed of The worship was in charge of Americans: The laymen, its object is to present practical religion central image on the altar was the Buddha, with as revealed by Nichiren seven hundred years ago angels carrying the sacred lotus flower in the fret- and a revival occurring forty years ago. A Japa- work design across the top. The appointment and nese said it is often called the Salvation Army of service of the altar was suggestive of the Roman Buddhism because it "pounds the gong and ap- Church in the burning of incense and the intona- peals to the masses." Drawing back a curtain, tion of the sutras (precepts). Flowers symbolized the figure of Nichiren was revealed, back of which the transitoriness of all things, their perfume, the Buddha was represented on a panel.

vanity of life. The priest wore a black robe in- The whole altar was gorgeous in gold and red. stead of one of orange used in Ceylon and India. A tengai (sunshade for nobility in India), sus- Around his neck was the Buddhist rosary of 108 pended from the front section flanked with dobans beads (same as the Hindu), representing fifty- on the sides produced the desired ornateness. four virtues, and fifty-four vices to be avoided. Many of the people wore over the wrist the half- "Calling aloud the name of Saddharmapundasize rosary representative of the Wheel of Life. rika Sutra, your passions, retribution and suffer- ings, at once turn into the three virtues-Truth, The following Sunday in the largest temple of Wisdom and Emancipation. The aim of the the city, the Honganji,-speeches, pantomimes, INichirens is to pray to the Original Buddha in the playlets and dances were given on the platform, heart; to repeat the name of the Saddharmapun- the shrine being completely veiled from view. darika Sutra in the mouth; to carryon the reli- From one till eight the interest of the people never gious practice in the body; pray for the universal flagged, and the climax seemed to be reached in an submission to Buddha and unitedly endeavor to allegorical story told by the Japanese Buddhist propagate his laws until all shall realize heaven priest, and applauded with vigor. here and now."

But it was the conference for Americans that Seven hundred years ago, Nichiren was was unique. The only American Buddhist priest, strongly imbued with the idea that Nichirenism a man about thirty-five years of age, proved to be would spread from East to West, his followers are an erstwhile Episcopalian rector who informed working earnestly to make it come true.

us the Mahayana Buddhistic Society sponsoring In writing this article the thought has per- the Lord Buddha's celebration, represented the sisted: Suppose I were an Oriental in the Orient solid front of Buddhism; that in presenting writing: "How Some Americans Worship in the Buddhism to America, Buddhists know what the Orient." How patient and understanding we Christians in the Orient have found out-"sects must be on both sides of the Pacific! God's witmust go." ness is in many places among many peoples. These Pamphlets on "Who is Buddha?" were distrib- old religions could not have survived without some uted by the hundreds while the only American truth in them. So, as we come in contact here priest stood at the door giving out his card with and abroad, may it be our strong hope that this name prefixed by "Rev." and suffixed by "D.D.," divine truth wherever found, may be captured by to the people as they passed out. It was an- the power of Him who said, "I have come that nounced that he would officiate at the dedication, they might have life."

"In Christ There Is no East or West"

By ALLAN A. HUNTER, Hollywood, California Minister of Mt. Hollywood Community Church (Congre- }llt-.- gational); Author of "Out 0/ the Far East," and "Social Perplexities"

AFEW summers ago a Japanese visitor to the The problem is not so much what we do as it is Pacific coast, prominent in the student what we don't do. Like the priest and the Levite Christian work in Japan, 'phoned an preoccupied with other things, we often fail to American pastor in California that he would mail notice the inarticulate suffering of the man at the his letter of introduction from a mutual friend in side of the road. The suffering of the Oriental on Tokyo, but that he would take the train that after- the Pacific coast may not catch our attention, but noon for San Francisco. Sensing something it is deep, and organized Christianity must bind wrong the pastor hurried down to the hotel and up its ·wounds.

persuaded Yoshio Endo to re- The most conspicuous wound turn for lunch. He confessed is cut by economic discrimina- that he had not wanted to see Much is said today about tion. "If a job is available, it any more Christians of the a Hsquare deal." How would always goes to an American.

California variety. He had you wish to be treated if you I may be a citizen of the United come across the Pacific on a should go to teach or to do States, but the employer classi- business or to travel for pilgrimage of friendship. Un- pleasure in China or Japan? fies me as a foreigner. In the derstanding that Christians There are as many types of job market we second-generawere dedicated to the building Orientals as there are of tion Japanese don't have a of world fellowship, he had chance." That sums up the gone to a swimming pool con- white Americans. How can mood of most of the seventyducted by a Christian institu- we win them as friends rather three thousand or more Ameritiononly to be told that Ori- than alienate them as ene- cans of Japanese ancestry on mies? Read what a pastor in entals were not admitted. California has to say on this the West Coast. If there is one Yoshio went to a superior subject. It is interesting and Japanese employed as a official who was "sorry, but challengin~. teacher in grade or high nothing could be done about it." schools of California this People would withdraw their writer has not been able to lo- support if Japanese were allowed in the plunge. cate that person. Chinese-you could count them A few hours later my young Japanese friend on one or two hands-are employed in schools was crawling circles around his host in a non- having a preponderance of Oriental pupils but no Christian one-the neighboring city park swim- Asiatic teaches in any ordinary white school.

ming pool. He stayed over Sunday and spoke at There are a few Japanese and Chinese on the the church services. Some of the young people university faculties and one of these has distin- had a good time showing him around and thus, by guished himself in biological research. Again, a good luck, that "pilgrim of friendship" went back county hospital is proud of a Japanese diagnosti- to his country with a good taste in his mouth. cian on its staff, and a young optometrist of But suppose that first raw impression had gone Berkeley claims that race prejudice is no barrier unchallenged. It would have been broadcast to his practice. A Hindu lawyer has made a name on the campus in Japan. A whisper in Los for himself espousing the cause of oppressed Angeles might have been magnified into a hos- workers. Despite such brilliant exceptions, this tile shout across the Pacific, undoing years of generalization – pretty well holds: west of the missionary work. Our home base, let us never Rockies your typical Oriental is up against a forget, is a sounding-board. A negligent act un- color bar that means for him less bread, cheaper der Christian auspices here can sometimes speak clothing and poorer shelter-and a sense of in- so loud on the missionary field that the people over justice that is a bar to his Christian faith.

there can scarcely hear what our missionaries What can be done? A layman interested in a say. young Chinese paved the way so that his friend [274 ] 1934] "IN CHRIST THERE IS NO EAST OR WEST" 275 was employed and accepted socially among the em- is little that church members now can do to change ployees without embarrassment. A director of the anti-alien land laws, but we can at least be religious education in Southern California early aware of the unusual difficulties under which firstthis year advised vegetable field workers on strike, generation Japanese labor.

some of them Filipinos, not to use violence; late The social discrimination against Orientals is that night he faced twenty-seven revolvers aimed not the open sore it used to be, but there is still at him by a lawless mob. In definite ways, that much to be done before the Japanese, Korean, mean economic security and self-respect, we of Chinese, Hindu and Filipino will feel no self- the Christian Church can pull wires and make a consciousness among us. Consider these young stand in behalf of underpaid and disheartened fellows from the Islands who try their hand cut- Orientals in our midst. That command of J ere- ting lettuce and end up in our city hotels as "bus miah calls for all sorts of social engineering: boys" or elevator operators. These erect, well- "Never wrong or ill-treat a resident alien." We dressed boys crave wholesome social life. But can work for organized political pressure which they are practically a womanless group. Very will guarantee the Oriental laborer's rights under few churches offer them spontaneous, unpatronizthe NRA. We can do our part in protecting Ori- ing fellowship. It is not enough to herd them into entals or Americans of Oriental parentage from a church social and make an obvious fuss over unfair economic competition. When there was a these fellow Christians. They resent the thought of hue and cry to punish "Japan" for invading Man- American condescension, and some of them know churia, unrelated Japanese fruit stands on the perfectly well that others are nervous lest their West Coast often paid a heavy penalty. White daughters fall in love with some romantic Filipatriots imagined they were striking blows for pino, in case hospitality is offered. Surely these justice and world peace by refusing to patronize lonesome boys cap be treated as friends without vendors with Asiatic features. To counteract this fearing they will become sons-in-law. The usual indiscriminate boycott the members of one church terror about intermarriage should be answered by were asked by their minister to remember that educating the church young people to choose life sniping at a few Japanese in the community would mates on the basis not of mutual magnetism alone not be upholding the Kellogg Pact or the League but on the lines of cultural congeniality and com- mon background and purpose. The gambling and of Nations. If the militarists in Japan are to be vice dens sometimes are more actively on the job penalized let there be an intelligent, organized of offering fellowship to those socially starved movement, not a blind unfocussed reprisal. Will youths than are we with our Christian homes. the ruination of a few local vegetable and fruit Instead of protecting our family life, maybe the vendors (some of whom are really American citi- conventional barbed wire only shuts God out! zens) spike a single Japanese cannon?

Newspaper Propaganda The Japanese and Chinese youth do not suffer from an acute lack of girls of their own race, as At Easter season this year there began to be do the Filipinos. But they need more normal socirculated in a Southern California city a pink cial contacts with young people of other races newspaper urging a "holy," economic war against through the church than we are giving them. Orientals: "Keep Glendale White!" In huge type Organized Christianity should lead the way in the public is being warned that every time it pur- breaking down racial barriers. Actually, the chases from a Japanese fruit stand or flower shop, schools seem to be doing more than the churches it is contributing toward a bigger navy for the to bring young Orientals into happy relationship Mikado. This propaganda may further the in- with young white people. There are Japanese terests of a few Nordies competing with the Asiatics, but will it help to advance the cause of who are presidents of high school student bodies, Christ either on this or the other side of the but in the same cities you do not find these young Pacific? Will not the silence of unprotesting leaders of Oriental descent heading the League of Youth or the Epworth League in a white ministers of Glendale counteract many of their church.

missionary sermons and make it harder for young One wonders if the time is not here or rapidly Americans of Oriental ancestry to believe in the coming, when for the sake of the spiritual life Kingdom of God? of the white as well as the Japanese people, racial Another economic obstacle we impose upon the lines should be obliterated. There is a growing Japanese in some of our western states is legisla- group of Americans brought up in home mission tion which makes it difficult for first-generation churches whose cheekbones and pigmentation Japanese to own land or have access to land. alone are Japanese. They are not attracted to Those born here, being American citizens, are the ordinary services in the Japanese church. immune to this discrimination, and perhaps there They may be a little too old for the young people's 276 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [June meetings, or feel out of place in the regular morn- who wrote just before his death last November, ing services. "I die to atone for Japanese militarism's sin against China. I die to become a seed of peace." Here is a challenge for white churches within The Lord's prayer sometimes becomes more real range of second-generation Japanese to seek out when it is repeated together in three languages.

these unchurched Christians and make them feel Such encounters of spirit with spirit wait upon the initiative of American Christians. It is surat home in the young married people's clubs. prising how few Japanese Or Chinese women of Small groups can be developed within the church, the older school have any close acquaintance with where these Japanese-Americans will be able to American home life. One American woman who started in her church a small class in English for talk and pray over their problems frankly with Japanese women, found the contact fascinating. Americans all too easily forget who it is that white contemporaries. Shared, first-hand experi- must take the first step toward understanding and hospitality. ence in front of a grate fire among friends is what Most of us can do far more than we dream of they most deeply need. doing through such person-to-person contacts. "Who knows but that your neighbor is your bet- – A Hollywood teacher and his wife have built up ter self wearing another body? See that you would love him as you would love yourself. He, a most interesting and significant comradeship too, is a manifestation of the Most High."

between young Americans of various races. Two But there is also an inescapable political obli- gation. It is all very well for us to brag how members belong to a Chinese family famous for Admiral Perry more than eighty years ago opened the gates of an ingrowing kingdom to the outside its motion picture connections. These go on world. Ten years ago we slammed our own door in the face of that proud people. They may be beach parties and join in the Saturday night dis- more polite than we are but our Exclusion Act rankles deeply within the Japanese heart. We cussions with the Japanese members,-as if there who sing "In Christ There Is no East or West" can never rest until our country does the courtewere no Manchukuo. . ous thing by the Japanese. To be permitted en- trance on the quota basis would mean less than After Kagawa's visit to America nearly three two hundred incoming Japanese a year, but this would satisfy Japanese honor. Would it not enyears ago, the members of the local Kingdom of hance our own? The interests of American work- ing men would not be seriously jeopardized by God Movement (Japanese) were invited to have such a small number of competitors.

their usual six o'clock morning prayer service in If we white Christians on the coast follow Jesus Christ and treat the Orientals in good faith a white church. Americans and Japanese came as members of God's family, we need not fear the from long distances to worship and during the consequences.

breakfast which followed, the enthusiasm was so great that a plan was formed to repeat the experi- ence three or four times a year. The Chinese are now included, both generations, and the latest meeting was held in the Chinese Presbyterian church, attended by Japanese, Chinese and Amer- icans of many denominations. A young Chinese, about to return to his work as dean of a univer- sity in South China, made a plea for uncompro- mising Christian war-resistance. Japanese and Americans made the same commitment, and mes- sages pledging continued effort in this direction were forwarded to Christians in China and Japan.

An American "student-mover" led the group in a period of silent prayer in memory of Takahashi, the young secretary of Kagawa's peace movement, THE MESSAGE OF PENTECOST The Holy Spirit is God at work in the world. One cannot read the verses dealing with the beginnings of the early Church without feeling that he has entered a factory, a work- shop, where power is expressing itself. Things are being done. Something is being accom- plished. Debate has given place to deeds and everywhere there is movement. It is this quality of power that is missing in the Church today.

The supreme questions are: Where does spiritual power reside? How may it be released?

Spiritual power resides in the living Christ. This is the answer of historic Christianity. Pentecost brought to the early Church the unalterable conviction that Jesus Christ was not only alive but actively present in the world.-Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D.

Interracial Understanding

By the REV. CHARLES R. SHEPHERD, Th.D., Berkeley, California Author of "Lim ¥ik Choy," etc.; Director of Chinese Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society "TO THE Western mind the Oriental seems the Westerner. The first foreigner in China was to wear a mask. There is something in- to the Chinese every bit as much a monstrosity scrutable about him-his face, which seems as was the first Chinese who appeared in Cali- so unresponsive, his eyes which tell no certain fornia. According to ancient Chinese conception, meaning . . . a kind of uncanny, depersonalized, the universe was peopled with two kinds of be- robot-like regimentation which is not quite hu- ings, "yan"-human beings, and "kwei"-spirits, man, and might prove sinister in a crisis." * mostly bad, therefore devils. Before the foreigner Whether we like it or not, this statement by made his appearance in China there was but one Pres. A. W. Palmer is undoubtedly true, and in it kind of human being, or "yan." This being had lies the secret of most of the difficulty which the black hair, dark brown eyes, spatulate nose, Westerner has in understanding the Oriental. dressed like a civilized being, and spoke a lan- But hold on a minute, lest at the very outset we guage which was understood by those who dwelt be misunderstood. The statement is true. But about him. Then came other kinds of beings.

what is the statement? That the Oriental wears These had light colored hair-in some cases red a mask? That he is inscrutable, unresponsive, un- -blue or grey eyes, protuding noses; they dressed canny, and possibly sinister? Not that. Read it in weird-looking apparel and jabbered in a high- again. It is that to the Western mind all this pitched jargon that no civilized being could pos- seems to be true of the Oriental. sibly understand. These beings certainly could Dr. Palmer continues by asking, "What's be- not be "yan"; for whoever had seen or heard tell hind the Oriental mask?" It would have been of such human beings. No, they could not pos- better had he said "What's behind this apparent sibly be "yan." There was only one alternative.

mask?" For in the 200 pages which follow, he They must be "kwei" or devils; and since they painstakingly and sincerely engages in an avowed came from foreign lands where none but barba- effort to "see beyond race differences to those uni- rians dwelt they must be "faan kwei" or "bar- versal traits and problems, those common emo- barian devils." Nothing unkind was meant by tions, needs and aspirations, the recognition of this term, merely a logical explanation of an which alone can make us understand each other otherwise inexplicable phenomenon. Bobby Burns, across the barriers of race." As he does so he when he wrote his immortal "Ode to a Louse on constantly reveals to his readers the fact that, a Lady's Bonnet," of course was not thinking in after all, the so-called mask is more a product terms of East and West; but just the same he of preconceived notions and biased opinions on unwittingly expressed a veritable "open sesame"

the part of the Westerner than the outcome of any to mutual inter-racial understanding when with essentially undesirable characteristics of the Ori- an irreverent chuckle he scribbled those lines: ental himself. Oh wad some power the giftie gie us, In other words, whatever may be the cause, To see oursel's as others see us! It wad frae monie a blunder free us, there is a dimness in the eye of the Westerner that has the effect of making the Oriental seem And foolish notion.

to wear a mask. Once that dimness is dispelled Whoever today aspires to understand and apthe Westerner discovers how exceedingly admir- preciate men and women of an alien race, be he able, genuinely likeable, overwhelmingly human Oriental or Western, must approach his task in and "after-all-very-much-like-us" the average Ori- just that attitude of mind-or he must fail. ental is. We laugh at the conclusions of the Chinese in The Oriental himself undergoes the same expe- regard to Westerners but we are just as illogical. rience in his effort to understand and appreciate We say, because the Chinese do many things dif- f erentlYf rom us, they d0 them the wrong way. F or the• aFdrmomiratbhlee sFtuodreywvoorldumtoe, P"rOorfi.enAtalblseritn WA.mePraiclmanerL'sifer.e"cent book, [277]

instance, Westerners returning from the Orient willing to undertake it. The pity of it! To be are apt to state that a Chinese mounts his horse fair in one's condemnations or commendations one from the wrong side. Who said it was the wrong must have first-hand knowledge; yet how many of side? He mounts from the right side. We West- us who rave about the grave errors of Buddhism, erners mount from the left. We think the Chinese Confucianism and Hinduism could write an intelliqueer and uncivilized because they eat with chop- gent statement of the fundamental tenets of any sticks. The early Chinese thought us barbarian of these systems of belief? A thing is not neces- because, instead of having our food cut up in sarily good because it is American, nor bad be- little pieces before beihg brought to the table, and cause it is Chinese; nor is an idea necessarily true then being conveyed to the mouth by "quick because we may have heard it in Sunday school, fingers" which is the Chinese word for chopsticks, or false because it originated with a priest of we have our meat served in huge chunks, slash at Krishna. "Prove all things," said the apostle it with knives and stick prongs into it. (Inci- Paul, "hold fast that which is good." There are dentally, the term "chopsticks" is not Chinese, but many things about the ways and thoughts of an Western, indicating the sticks used in eating chop Oriental which to the Westerner seem queer, ob- suey; and chop suey is not originally a Chinese jectionable, or even wrong, which come to take dish, but a weird mixture invented by Chinese in on quite a different complexion when viewed in America for consumption by Westerners.) An their proper historic and philosophic perspective.

erring Negro – or was it a white man? – was Truly, if we men of different races would under- once asked what the county jail was like. He stand and appreciate each other we must at least replied, "It all depends on whether you are on make a sympathetic effort to study each other's the outside looking in, or on the inside looking cultural and spiritual backgrounds.

out." If we would understand the Oriental we Brotherly Love must abandon from the outset the rather egotisti- cal assumption that we, in the way of doing And how can this be done so long as we stay things, in mental attitudes, and in philosophical at arm's length from each other? To understand and ethical conceptions, are unequivocally right, a race of people we must live among them; for and the Oriental undeniably wrong. only by so doing can we view daily their many- First-hand Knowledge sided actions and reactions, sense and appreciate To understand a race of people one must know their philosophical and spiritual conceptions of something of their language, their literature, life, feel the pulse of their emotions and listen to their cultural and ethical systems and the his- the heart-beats of their hopes and aspirations. torical and philosophical backgrounds of their habits and customs. We tell the Oriental who What a host of books have been written con- ,comes to our shores that he must learn to read cerning other races by men who have obtained most of their information (or misinformation) rand speak our, language, to study our literature from other books, have added to it from interand adopt our customs if he ever expects to ap- views with those who have first-hand knowledge preciate our civilization; yet how many of us are on the subject, and then have attempted to spice willing to take the same steps in order to under- it all by taking a flying trip through the domain . stand the Oriental in our midst. Among the .mis- of those about whom they write, accompanied by sionaries in foreign lands there are many noble numerous banquets and much handshaking! But, and painstaking souls who give themselves un- alas, true inter-racial understanding and apprestintedly in their efforts to understand the peo- ciation does not come that way.

ple whom they are striving to help. They study We men of different races, if we are to under- diligently the language, literature and customs, stand one another, must approach each other with endeavoring always to find whatever is good in the open minds, without prejudice or hide-bound pre- native civilization, culture, philosophy and reli- conceptions. We must be willing to live together, gion, to the end that they may build upon that to study each other and the background of each foundation the more excellent structure of Chris- other's civilization, to give and take, to seek out tian civilization. But, alas, there are still too grounds for mutual agreement rather than dis- many who are either intellectually and tempera- agreement. _And above all, we must go about the mentally unsuited to such a task, or else are un- task in the spirit of brotherly affection.

Loved with a love so wonderful, redeemed at a cost so infinite, there is but one proof of our love that will suffice. Hereby perceive we the love of God, that "He laid down his life for us," that we accept and rest in; but the claim which grows out of that love, alas, we are slow to admit. "We ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." Of that we stop short. We accept the love of God, we accept the gift of salvation, but of the third great purpose of religion-a power in us for the conversion of the world-we are content to remain in untroubled ignorance. This is the great hindrance to Christianity-un-Christ-like Christians.-Mark Guy Pearse.

A New Deal for the

I-e( By PARDEE LOWE, Berkeley, California Iii- I.!======!.!

T HE proximity of the Orient, the paradox ex- tals of the Golden Gate upon a continent which isting in the traditional policy of friendli- only yesterday seemed to represent the American ness towards the Far East and its thoroughly "Promised Land" of economic exploitation, but hostile attitude toward the Orientals in the United which now appears to bode ill for humanity as the States, the absolute failure of the majority of Armageddon of the future. So anxious and wor- Americans (including the Government) to under- ried are the Americans about the situatioI1 in the stand the aspirations of those born of Asiatic Orient that they have totally ignored "the forblood but reared and educated as Americans-all gotten men and women" in their midst-a highly these factors tend to make mandatory the need selected group composed of the Orientals born in for what may in the popular term of the day be this country and whose connection with the land called "A New Deal" for the American-born Ori- of their birth may be traced as far back as the entals, particularly the Chinese. days of '49, and the winning of the West. What a paradox! For in this contradiction lies the seed The Chinese have been in the United States of much of the future trouble in the Pacific or the longer than other Orientals, have experienced the means of its eradication. worst phases of racial persecution, have suffered the longest period of segregation and exclusion The first fact which presents itself is that from normal social intercourse with their fellow America's present policy towards the Orient does citizens of non-Asiatic descent, and have passed not accord with her attitude towards Orientals through more complete stages of social transition, residing here. There exists an unbridgeable until today as a separate racial group, they are chasm between what America preaches and prays headed toward gradual but inevitable extinction. for in the Far East and what she practices to- wards her own Chinese citizens. Taken as a unit, Many have written at length about the prox- these two policies are highly contradictory, if not imity of the Orient and its relation to the United absurd. This reason alone would justify the de- States for weal or for woe. We must not lose mand for a "new deal." Permit me to outline the sight of the truth of their observations in this absurdities: terribly complicated and interrelated world. America is indissolubly bound to Asia by links 1. America encourages democracy and selfstronger than iron, and each passing day's events determination in China by means of the Open tends to bring the two continents closer together. Door Policy, the Nine-Power Washington Treaty, The waves of the Pacific that wash both conti- the Stimson-Hoover Doctrine of non-Recognition, nents carry upon their crest to China the modern not to mention loans of commodities and plenty of developments of American communication, her moral encouragement; yet, on the other hand, she newest inventions, her desire to dispose of her denies the right of naturalization to those Chinese excess goods and raw products-the result of a immigrants who have exhibited the highest quali- highly-geared, mass production industrial ma- fications for citizenship-namely, the courage to chinery and a lopsided agricultural economy-and, emigrate to a strange land, the ability to perform the poignant hope that her political doctrines will the most arduous tasks as roadbuilding and clear- be accepted and adopted by the Chinese nation as ing the wilderness, the manliness to withstand all a bulwark against the advance of the Bolshevism manner of physical persecution and mental intim- of Russia, and as a weapon to check the mili- idation of an alien race, and the intelligence and taristic aggressions of Japan. independence of spirit and self-determination to In return, the same waves bring to the United forsake old ties for a new and, for them, a de- States the backwash of all the aspirations of the sirable allegiance. To make matters worse, not multi-colored races of the East and the national- only are the privileges of naturalization denied istic animosities of countries newly infected with alien-born Chinese but even the natural rights of the Western virus of "Power and Powder." No the American-born have been constantly jeopard- American King Canute can stay the advance of ized by certain fraternal organizations and civic these waves. The masses of Americans, led by groups who have gone on record as opposing the an alert intelligentsia, look out through the por- granting to them the rights of citizenship.

[279 ]

2. An Open Door is insisted upon by the Ameri- them, because of their racial heritage, the provican Government in China, even though such in- sions of that sacred document do not apply. They sistence entails constant danger of serious friction are men and women without a country. They with Japan; yet, in practice, she denies to Ameri- can return to China but their upbringing and educan-born Chinese the right to enter the "Open- cation have so thoroughly de-Chinafied them that Door" into the realms of livelihood where they they are treated as Americans-and not as Chimay compete with their fellow-citizens of non- nese. If they remain in the United States, they Chinese descent without racial discrimination. must forego the rights of every citizen to a nor- This situation is deplorable. American employers mal family life, for there are not enough eligible refuse to hire American-born Chinese even though American-born Chinese women to provide them they may be grandchildren of Chinese immigrants with wives. In many of the Pacific coast states who aided in the development of the West. Labor they are prohibited from marrying outside of unions reject their membership. Business and their own race, even though they may be highly professional men bitterly oppose their entry into qualified to do so. Neither are they permitted by certain lines of economic activity. Excluded the Immigration Act of 1924 to return to China, from the American "Open Door" of economic op- marry one of their own race and bring her to portunity, some of the American-born Chinese re- America. Is it any wonder that the Americanvert to enterprises developed by their elders, such born Chinese are beginning to question with bitas laundries and chop suey restaurants, and im- terness the principles of American democracy mediately bring upon themselves the charges of with which they have been so thoroughly indoctri- "clannishness," "unassimilability," and "un- nated? American legislation and race prejudice Americanism." The remainder of the group face virtually deprive them of an economic livelihood, the alternative of either returning to China or of a normal home life, and complete citizenship. remaining in America as objects of charity or as workers on such public work projects as have Some Evil Fruit been sponsored by the CWA. This is the economic dilemma of the native-born Chinese: rejected by Slowly but surely the present short-sighted dis- America and useless to China, they represent men criminatory policy of the American Government without jobs as well as men without a country. towards the American-born Chinese is bearing evil fruit. Worried members of the group are Racial Discrimination already alienating themselves from the land of their birth and their affection. Like derelict ships, 3. America clings tenaciously to her privileges without any anchor, they are adrift. The shores of extraterritoriality in China because it gives to of America and the shores of China seem equally her citizens the personal advantages pertaining to hopeless to them. What a tragic waste, what a one who presumably shoulders in the Orient the pity! Born in America of Oriental parentage, White Man's Burden, which burden now assumes educated in the American public schools, gifted in the eyes of the Chinese the meretricious pro- with the moral and mental qualities of the West, portions of a common peddler's knapsack; yet, in anxious to improve relations between the land of her own land, she returns the favor and confers their birth and that of their forefathers, no other upon the Chinese the right to live in their own group in the Pacific Basin is better qualified to districts. But what a favor! Behind the velvet serve as the trained interpreters of the Occident glove proffering this gift is the iron hand of com- and the Orient. pulsion. There remains no choice for the Chinese, be he American or China-born, he must live with The nations of the Orient have not been slow in his family in the ghettoes established by the domi- expressing their appreciation of the value of the nant race by agreements between real estate American-educated Oriental. The government of operators or property owners. Few Chinese can China has always recognized the social value of live in any decent, healthy, self-respecting resi- these Western-trained Chinese, for the outstanddential neighborhood in any of the large centers ing leaders of her foreign service today are men, of population on the Pacific coast. like W. W. Yen, Wellington Koo, Alfred S. K. Sze, C. T. Wang, and the late Dr. C. C. Wu, who 4. In the public schools, the American-born received their training and education in the Chinese children are taught the fundamentals of United States. Even Japan, who has been so American citizenship. They learn so well that the quick to imitate America in the things of science lar.'-{ of their forefathers becomes a hazy myth. and industry but so slow in copying the latter's They recite the Declaration of Independence; method of diplomacy, is beginning to shift her they know the essential features of the Constitu- emphasis from the Japanese and European tion of the United States; they grow up to be trained diplomats to those American-trained. A case in point was the selection last year of a 100 % Americans-and then they find that for

A NEW DEAL FOR THE ORIENTALS

former California Japanese schoolboy and Uni- dices, already strong, will be fanned to a red-hot versity of Oregon graduate, Yosuke Matsuoka, to heat, and because modern methods of devastating the position of Japan's chief spokesman at Geneva warfare will unleash such forces of wholesale during the critical days preceding Japan's resig- destruction that it is easily conceivable that the nation from the League of Nations. very race of mankind may be wiped off the face of the earth. The greatest defect in the American Government's policy toward the Far East today is its CHINESE STUDENTS IN CALIF'ORNIA failure to understand the individual value of the American-born Chinese and the social benefit that There is at least one silver lining to this cloudwill accrue to the land of their birth if they are that is, the spiritual strength and moral courage sagaciously employed. A change today is manda- of the second and third generation Chinese in tory. The American policy in the Far East and America who are now entering into young manher treatment and attitude toward those Orientals hood and young womanhood. There are enough domiciled upon her shores must be brought to- of them who have been born and educated as gether in harmony. The right hand of one policy Americans, and who have experienced enough must not work at cross purposes with the left soul-satisfying friendships with members of the hand of the same policy. There can no longer Caucasian race, to counteract the general racial exist any unbridgeable chasm between the two prejudice and discrimination. They are the ones policies if America wishes to insure peace in the who are now striving to enterpret the best quali- Orient. ties of each racial group to the other in the face of insurmountable odds. Upon their eager shoul- How can the United States hope to understand ders falls the job of maintaining friendship in the the people of China who have never come to Pacific. Their task will not be impossible if the this country, if she cannot understand after 80 Christian Americans as a unit are willing to reyears of contact those few selected members of verse the traditional trend of Oriental race prejuthe Chinese race who immigrated to the shores of dice, are tolerant of the many mistakes made by America, who toiled amidst unbelievable hard- these unofficial ambassadors, are helpful in their ships, and who inured themselves to persecution efforts to aid the native-born Chinese to attain and discrimination in order to become thoroughly the full stature of their American citizenship, and Americanized? How can she expect to sympa- stand ever willing to encourage them in their thize with the aspirations of a race of people who hopes of attaining that eternal friendship between represent one quarter of the world's total popu- the East and the West. If the American-born lation and who must of necessity play a major Chinese receive such cooperation from their felrole in the affairs of the world, if she denies con- low citizens of non-Chinese ancestry, then Amersistently those same human aspirations to the ica may rest assured that they will do their part Chinese born and raised here? to further America's desire for a peaceful Pacific even as they sacrificed themselves and their for- The answer is obvious, "America cannot!" tunes in 1917-1918 to help America make the And, if she cannot understand, what lies before world safe for democracy. her in the Orient in the years to come? The misunderstandings in international relations between America and the countries of the Orient are still small in number and not insoluble. If given brilliant and wise statesmanship, they may yet be peacefully resolved. But suppose that America continues her discriminatory policy towards the resident Orientals. Suppose the latter are alienated or expatriated. Suppose (and this is no longer a supposition but an established fact) the economic relations increase between the two countries. Suppose, at the same time, China following American and Japanese example, establishes high protectionism at home and practices ruthless dumping abroad. Suppose all these events come to pass; then, there can be only one solution when controversies reach the breaking point-that is, war. But this war will be different from all others in that it will be on a racial basis. It will be the most cruel and inhuman war ever waged by mankind because racial preju-

Chuck, The Chinese

I By the REV. PHILIP F. PAYNE, D.D., San Francisco, California -~ Department oCf hMuriscshioinnartyheOUpe. rsa.tioAn., Presbyterian W ALKING up Grant Avenue from Market But no one called him Look Lai, because he had Street in San Francisco, one suddenly bought his immigration papers from another Chi- realizes that he has left the United States nese whose name was Gei Chuck. Consequently and has arrived in the heart of old Cathay. The in America he was Gei Chuck. roofs of the buildings curve upward at the eaves and corners, so as to make it impossible for any The depression had descended, and Chuck had stray devil or evil spirit to slide down the roof lost his position as cook in the restaurant. He and enter the house or shop below. The streets wandered from employment office to employment are narrow, although not quite so narrow as those office but there seemed to be a dozen cooks ap- plying for every opening. He had grown hungry in China. The houses and stores are packed and weak from his vain search for work. He tightly together, and many of the inhabitants live could not secure a position under any of the relief agencies or government projects, because the law plainly stated no alien could be employed with funds raised from taxes, sale of state or municipal bonds, or any public funds. His old employer had promised him work for the summer at a Christian Conference and had agreed to advance out of his next summer's wages $5 each month, from January until June. Chuck had carefully counted out his money for January, had paid his room rent and had $2 left.

It was now January twenty-ninth, and Chinese New Year had begun. Chuck had bought a loaf of bread every second day, since the first of Janu- ary. Each day he tried to sleep till noon. Then he arose, ate half a loaf of bread, drank plenty of water with it, and then put away the other half DRAGON IN CHINATOWN, CHASING THE DEMONS loaf for the next day. On rare occasions he was able to get a real Chinese meal at night by washin one or two room tenements, poorly lighted, ing dishes in a chop suey house.

On down Clay Street walked Chuck. He had a with little or no ventilation. Consequently tuber- couple of dimes left in his pocket to last him the culosis is the worst devil in every Chinese com- next two days. All of a sudden he heard Chinese munity. He does not slide down the curved roofs; music and the sound of many running and danche lives eternally in the dark homes and hovels. ing feet. He hurried along with the crowd. The But strange as it may seem, the Chinese dragon weird music was coming from Waverly Place, and and the Christian missions are working together in the center of a large crowd of Chinese stretched to drag him from his lair, and to set the Chinese the big paper dragon. Four Chinese men, clad in America free from his deadly clutches. only in their undershirts and trousers, crouched Down Clay Street, just above Grant Avenue, under the huge form of the dragon, their feet walked an old Chinese cook. He had long since dancing to the music and their heads and hands cut off his queue, that symbol of servitude made making the dragon go through queer contortions. compulsory by the Tartars nearly three hundred Crisp bills, ranging from one to twenty dollars years ago. He wore American-made trousers and dangled on strings from the windows up and shoes, but he still clung to the black alpaca jacket, down the street, for the dragon to swallow as he which, although Chinese, is not repulsive to the went through Chinatown, and thus chase the American people. His name was "Look Lai." devils away for another year.

[282 ] Gei Chuck hastily crowded up near the dragon. which are fighting tongs and are a menace to any He spoke to the man next to him. He knew the community. But forty of the tongs are family man well, for he had seen him many times at tongs, or brotherhoods. True, some Chinese still church on Stockton Street. smoke opium. We white men taught them how, and then through opium wars, compelled them to "What is the dragon going to do with the money buy the deadly drug. True, they do have public he collects this year?" asked Chuck. houses and slave girls. With the Chinese popu- lation in America chiefly pagan, this is not sur- "He is going to give it to the Chinese hospital prising. But as more of these men are becoming to help cure the many children of tuberculosis." Christian, the slave trade must die out. And the "Jesus He help sick children too. I hear that in your church. Chuck he give a little and help sick children. Because soon Chuck catchum Christianity. Jesus He good for China boy."

Chuck took the two dimes from his pocket. He held out one in his knotty old fingers. A hand reached out of the dragon's mouth and swallowed up the dime. Chuck walked away, mumbling to himself, "Jesus He help little children. Chuck he catchum Christianity pretty soon."

America has always looked on the Chinese either as a queer people with yellow skins and slanting eyes who wear strange clothes and do weird things, or as a plague like the locusts which swept into Egypt by the millions to devour the living of everyone.

But no one seems to have ever read in our papers about the Chinese Missionary Society, composed solely of Christian Chinese in America, which has built twenty-eight churches in South China. These churches now have a membership of four thousand four hundred and sixty-nine and raise an annual current expense budget of forty thousand dollars. This same Missionary Society has established seventeen schools where children may learn of Jesus Christ, the Friend of yellow as well as white people. In these South China schools, thirty-seven hundred Chinese boys and girls attend regularly.

Also, few people seem to realize that today China is choosing her leadershhip from the Chinese who are educated in the United States. These young men who are attending American universi- ties, will lead China tomorrow. They will determine the destinies of four hundred and twenty- seven millions of souls in the Far East. In our THE NEW AND BETTER CHINATOWN hands rests one of the greatest opportunities ever offered any people, in shaping the lives of these Chinese in America have many characteristics young people who come to us to learn how to that could well be copied by us, such as honesty, operate a nation and how to make a country suc- trustworthiness, generosity, loyalty – far outcessful and prosperous. It is a magnificent chal- weighing and outnumbering their faults. lenge. It is also an enormous responsibility.

The Chinese are returning to China these days. May we continue, then, to give of our prayers, Fifty years ago there were one hundred and our time, our money, that as China seems to forthirty-five thousand in America. Today there are get our lack of courtesy, our injustices, our unonly seventy-four thousand. Our Alien Land Christian laws, and these people from old Cathay Laws, our Exclusion Acts, our breaking of treat- return to their mother country, they may take ies, our persecutions, give them no great incentive back not alone our greed for gold, but much of to stay. the good we have to offer, the chiefest of which is Christ. True, the Chinese do organize tongs, nine of

Opportunity in

By VIRGINIA KADOIKE, San Francisco, California TODAY there are about seventy thousand in various churches. The first and the most suc- Japanese Americans in the United States cessful one organized under the leadership of Mr. who stand on the border line that separates Claude Estill in 1931 is the Monterey Junior Church. These English services, held entirely in the Orient from the Occident, their faces turned English with an American speaker, are controlled toward the newer culture with its freedom and by the young people. The Junior Church is not only promoting a deeper sense of reverence and individualism. faith in the hearts of the young people but is help- We who have spent our lives in close daily con- ing the parent church financially and spiritually, and has brought the old and the young people tact with the Western culture have not yet fully closer than ever before. It has helped to unite succeeded in promoting better understanding and the parents and their children in working toward amity between the two nationalities. While our one goal-"For Christ and the Church." Oriental characteristics bar us from becoming genuine Americans, yet sincere understanding be- The touch of older culture, with its charactertween the Japanese and the Americans is not an istics totally different from the new, has thus been impossible dream. Friendship-unselfish love- handed down to us by our parents, bringing new is too strong to be swayed by race prej udice. obstacles in the progress of the Japanese Ameri- cans. The meeting of two civilizations, one with The Japanese Town, as it is commonly called, its formal traditions and customs and the other existing in many cities quite independent of the with its independence, cannot exist without prosurrounding communities, is perhaps the root of ducing conflicts and problems. the obstacles which keep the Japanese from fully accepting American ideas and customs. These In adopting ourselves to our environment, we communities which have retained some of the realize better our worth in society. We are feelolder qualities show how difficult it is for the ing with a keener sense our mission as Japanese Japanese to change their national traits. Americans-the message of friendship which our lives must convey. Within the community itself, a definite line has been drawn between Buddhists and Christians. The Monterey Junior Church, in bringing be- Although Buddhism has been greatly modified in fore its second generation the various American its forms and teachings by the influence of Chris- speakers has brought about a closer contact with tianity, the two groups pursue their own courses, the American people and a deeper understandeach undisturbed by the other. ing between them.

English is the language of the rising genera- We find in the Christian religion a reality which passes all boundaries for in Christ there is no tion. Sunday Schools, church services, and the East nor West. Our skin may be yellow, our hair meetings of the various organizations are all held may be black but in Christ our hearts beat as in English. Still, one of the greatest handicaps one; a real unity of spirit and faith binds all in our relation with Americans is our inability to Christians together. Through the church, I beexpress ourselves. Although this obstacle is lieve, lasting friendship will be established. To slowly diminishing year by year, the Japanese us, America stands for standards and ideals, cul- Americans are facing a greater problem in speak- tural and moral values. It is the home of the ing and understanding their own language. To- second generation Japanese. Our greatest task day, there are approximately seventy Japanese is to imbibe the best from each of our two civililanguage schools in California in which attempts zations, from. yesterday and today, and to make a are being made to rectify both these defects. distinct contribution to American national life.

The difficulty in understanding the Japanese sermons led to the organization of young people's English services, which are now being encouraged If you want to follow Jesus Christ, you must be ready to follow Him to to the ends of the earth, for that is where He is going."-Robert E. Speer.

[284 ]

Second Generation

By the REV. FRANK HERRON SMITH, D.D., Berkeley, California Superintendent of the Pacific Japanese Mission, the Methodist Episcopal Church THE Japanese language is read from the right The highest birth-rate was in 1921, so that the to the left, and not from left to right, like largest group is now thirteen years of age. English, so that the back page of a Japanese newspaper corresponds to the front page of an What Are They Doing?

English paper. Now Japanese-Americans have No nationality represented in polyglot America come to occupy such an important place in the is making a greater sacrifice to educate their chil- Japanese community in America that all their dren than the Japanese. In spite of their very newspapers give at least their back page to the limited financial resources, they send their chilyoung people. This is printed in English and dren to school. These children make fine records would be the front page of an English paper. and some are on the honor rolls of almost every This is a good illustration of the extent to which high school on the Coast. Last year 173 were en- Japan and America are complementary. rolled at the University of California at Berkeley At the Easter season the English section of one and many more at the University of Southern of our three San Francisco Japanese newspapers California, the University of California at Los gave a picture of the activities of our average Angeles, the College of the Pacific, the University young Japanese-Americans. The Spartans, the of Washington and other institutions. Their stuchampion basketball team among the Japanese of dent life is usually happy, though there is some Southern California, were defeated 33 to 29, by social discrimination against them. In the larger the San Francisco Y. M. B. A. (Buddhist) Protos, schools they have societies and club-houses of their and are next to tackle the Y. M. C. A. Quintet, own. One of the basketball stars at Berkeley in Northern California champions. The J. A. A. U. recent years is Ted Ohashi who is respected and (a non-Christian Japanese Athletic Union) will liked by all. Nogami, a Sophomore, is on this climax its basketball season with an informal year's baseball squad. In wrestling and boxing, sport dance Saturday night at the Trianon Ball- also in swimming, they are very clever. The two room. R. Grigorio's eight-piece orchestra will largest and heaviest boys among all the high furnish the music. Special Easter programs were school football players in Portland in 1933 are announced for Oakland, San Jose, Fresno, Living- Japanese-Americans.

ston and Loomis. One thousand people attended After they graduate, life often becomes very a Japanese picnic at Marysville. Parlier Bud- difficult and many are thwarted in their ambidhists plan a Buddha Fete. Stockton second-gen- tions. It is especially unfortunate that many are eration American citizens hold an open forum compelled to enter the competition of business which is also attended by Walter Tsukamoto, a during these years of depression. The American lawyer, Dr. George Takahashi of Sacramento banks, companies, department-stores and other and Saburo Kido, a lawyer, T. Murayama, a news- business organizations will employ very few. The paper man, Dr. T. Hayashi, a dentist and S. large Japanese banks and shipping companies Togasaki, an importer, all from San Francisco. with branches in America do their bookkeeping These American-born sons and daughters of and an important share of their business in the Japanese immigrants are actively engaged in Japanese language which few Japanese-Amerimany phases of life. Of the total Japanese-Amer- cans master. They get a smattering of the lanicans some 50,000 are living in California, 9,000 guage of their fathers in the Language Schools in Washington, 2,000 in Oregon, 1,600 each in which are conducted in every large center of Jap- Utah and Colorado and 750 in Arizona. They anese population, but the hours of study, after the slightly outnumber their parents, the real Japa- regular school periods or on Saturday or Sunday, nese who came across the Pacific. While those are too few. Many young men are obliged to set from Japan proper are not allowed naturalization, up in business in a small way for themselves and the children born here are American citizens with will probably be grateful twenty-five years from all the rights, duties and privileges of citizenship. now that they were forced to be independent [285 ]

rather than employees of some firm where they skin. Not only are they patriotic Americans but could not exercise their own initiative. In Los they are politically minded. In 1930 the number Angeles alone, seven young lawyers, born in Ha- of those who could vote was estimated at 4,000.

waii but educated in America, are making a liv- Mr. Takimoto, the Secretary of the Japanese As- ing, and some young doctors, dentists, optome- sociation of America, estimates that fully 20,000 trists, pharmacists and preachers are securing a will have the franchise by the time of the next foothold. As surgeons and dentists these young presidential election and 50,000 by 1951. They people seem to have inherited the skill in the use are well informed and intelligent citizens. The of their hands which is making Japanese surgeons disabilities from which the group is suffering in famous. There are as yet no school teachers in our western states, and from such laws as the un- America though many have entered that profes- fair Oriental Exclusion Act are receiving careful sion in Hawaii. Twenty-three Japanese have po- study. Citizens' Leagues have already been or- sitions as professors in various American univer- ganized in the chief centers and a National Con- sities. With two exceptions these scholars are vention is held each year. The 1934 gathering Japanese-born. Within a few years they will be will convene from August 30 to September 3 in displaced by Japanese-Americans, as they use the magnificent Civic Center of San Francisco.

English so much more perfectly and many more Speakers will include Hiram Johnson, V. S. Mc- universities will be seeking experts in Oriental Clatchy, the leader of the exclusion movement, lore. Chester Rowell, Wm. Gibbs McAdoo and Paul Many young college men, who have prepared Scharrenberg. At Seattle, Clarence Arai, a young for other lines of work, are finding employment in lawyer, has been a local candidate for office so fruit, vegetable and flower markets, especially in that it is easily within the bounds of possibility Southern California. Some now feel that the that we may have a Japanese-American Congress- years they spent at university were wasted. In man from California by 1954. These young citi- such agricultural communities as Loomis, Florin, zens open their meetings by singing "America"

Livingston and Brawley, many young men are and repeat in concert the "Pledge of Allegiance" taking over the rich land developed by their fa- to the flag.

thers. Some, like Tom Matsumoto of Newcastle, Are They Religiously Inclined? are branching out for themselves. Few are de- spondent and almost no Japanese, either of the The partial census made by Dr. E. K. Strong first or second generation, are found on the char- of Stanford University, shows that 77% of the ity rolls of any county or city. It is said that 70% first generation declared themselves Buddhists of the crime of America is committed by the chil- and 18 % Christian. For many of them this dren of immigrants, mostly those from Southern means the kind of funeral they would prefer.

Europe, but few Japanese of either generation are Among the second generation young people only law-breakers. The Japanese population is one 39 % declared themselves Buddhists, while 52ro and five-sevenths per cent of that of the state of professed to be Christians and 9% reported no California but only five-sevenths of a per cent of affiliation. About 5,000 of the 68,000 real Japathat of San Quentin Penitentiary. No Japanese- nese in America belong to some Christian church, American has yet been committed to San Quentin, though there are a few in the Folsom State Prison. while approximately 20,000 are Buddhists and Like their parents, they are industrious, enter- 43,000 are practically without evidence of reliprising and self-respecting and we believe they gious faith. On the other hand, of the 70,000 will make their way in our economic world. Japanese-Americans, approximately 20,000 are affiliated with some Christian organization and Are They Japanese or American? as many more are under Buddhist influence. Many of the young people are compelled by their After eight years of most intimate association parents to attend Buddhist meetings but their with these young people I believe that they are comprehension of Buddhism is chiefly historical.

fully as American as the children of German or There were recently about 100 Buddhist priests Swedish immigrants, and their attitude toward working in America. There are no American Japan is much the same as that of the children of Buddhist leaders of character and ability and the European parents toward Europe. Because they Japanese leaders are, for the most part, priests have the black hair and slightly dark skin of their who have come from Japan and cannot use the ancestors it is difficult for many Americans to English language. One priest at Stockton is a realize this fact and they make no distinction be- Stanford graduate and several have studied at tween them and their parents. They are grow- the University of Southern California or at the ing taller because they follow American customs Pacific School of Religion. Their programs are and those who are indoors are becoming whiter of usually social and athletic with oratorical con-

THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE

tests and banquets and an occasional Buddhist Interdenominational Young People's Christian ceremony. This year the Buddhists are planning Conferences are held each autumn at Berkeley, a great excursion to Tokyo and as many as one Los Angeles, Seattle and Denver and are suphundred Japanese-Americans may go. Movies, ported by most of the Protestant groups. The dances, dinners and bazaars are being used to Berkeley Conference, which held its ninth session raise the money for the travel expense. in 1933, is the oldest and the model for the others. Last year it had 546 registered delegates with The Japanese-American Christians are fortu- 700 in attendance Saturday night and Sunday afnate in that they command the services and the ternoon. The young people themselves make all sympathy of the strongest American religious the arrangements and finance the whole underand educational leaders of all denominations on taking with a small registration fee and small the Coast and the programs at their conferences charges for food. Americans assist by furnishpresent the best talent. In the earlier stages the ing free lodging and breakfasts to many of the Japanese Sunday schools were largely conducted out of town delegates. These great fall conferby friendly Americans, but today this work is ences are supplemented by smaller regional concarried on almost entirely by the older Japanese ferences in the spring. young people themselves. In San Francisco the Methodist group is now supplying superintend- These Christian Conferences have done more to unify our Japanese-Americans and to mould their ents for both the Reformed and the Church of spirit than any other agency. The spirit of the Christ Sunday schools. James Hirano is super- group can be evaluated by the central themes of intendent at Oakland, Henry Yamamoto at Ala- some of the recent gatherings. "Jesus' Way All meda, Henry Takahashi at Berkeley, David Taka- the Way," "Send Out Thy Light," "Lord, Teach gishi at Loomis and so on throughout this field. Us to Pray," "Face to Face with the Living Each church has senior and junior Endeavor So- Christ"; and this year, "Go Ye Therefore," are cieties or Epworth Leagues, clubs for various age some of th~ mottoes reflecting the high ideals of groups, boy and girl scouts and other organiza- these leaders. There is no more consecrated, sactions found in an up-to-date American church. rificial, earnest, cultured group of young people In many of the larger churches an English wor- anywhere than these second-generation, J apaship service is held in the period between the nese-American Christians. Sunday school and the Japanese worship hour.

THE FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE OF WORK FOR ORIENTALS Two years ago Pastor Tsuda and I made a list of eighty-four pastors whom we have sent back to the Methodist Church in Japan, all wholly or partially trained in the Pacific Japanese Mission Conference. Recently, in addition to many laymen, we have been sending back an average of two pastors a year. Last year H. Arima, converted and trained in our field, returned home and was immediately appointed to the important church in Sapporo. All the general officers now employed by the Japan Methodist Church are the contribution of the Pacific Mission Conference.

Bishop Motozo Akazawa, the President of the Japanese Church Federation and the Chairman of "The Kingdom of God Movement" of which Kagawa is the chief evangelist, was converted at Honolulu through the efforts and prayers of H. Kihara, one of the early pastors who had himself been converted in San Francisco and became the greatest pioneer of the Japanese Church in Korea and Manchuria. Young Motozo Akazawa was sent to Hawaii to sell sake, but after his conversion he could not continue that business and so came on to California. He became student pastor at San Jose and received his early training in the College of the Pacific.

C. J. Tagashira, the Religious Work Director for Japan, was converted at Sacramento, educated at Berkeley, did his graduate work at Boston University, on a scholarship given him by the Board of Home Missions, and was called to Japan from a Methodist pastorate in Portland.

The Hon. Yosuke Matsuoka, one of Japan's leading statesmen and her representative at Geneva last year, is largely the product of mission work in America. After some time as a school boy in the Oakland Mission he was transferred to Portland where he was the Secretary of the little Japanese church. With the aid of friends he was able to graduate from the University of Oregon. Last year on his way home from Geneva, he was in Portland on Palm Sunday and preached the sermon in the Japanese Methodist Church there. He made the church a present of money to provide suitable rooms for the young people.

-FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Filipinos in

~-4&t By JOSE G. DESEO, Stockton, California j;.- . Pastor-Director of the Filipino House of Friendship ~=====l THE status of Filipinos in America has son why Filipino laborers come to America, is to caused consternation in the minds of many, improve themselves economically and then to re- especially among the Filipinos themselves. turn home to engage in business. This is accom- The general understanding is that Filipinos are plished by signing a contract for a period of two neither aliens nor citizens of the United States, to four years to work in the Hawaiian sugar plan- but are wards enjoying full privileges afforded to tations. Free transportation is offered and upon citizens with the exception of the right to vote arrival in Hawaii they are provided with free and hold public office. In some states, however, quarters. At the expiration of their contracts, the above does not hold true. California, for the laborers have accumulated a little fortune, example, considers the Filipinos as aliens and, but instead of returning to the homeland as origi- therefore, they are placed under the same cate- nally planned they set sail for the American main gory as other Orientals. Such a discrimination, land.

considering seriously the political relation of the The last reason is the exaggerated propaganda Philippines with the United States does not seem carried on by steamship companies throughout consistent with the simple principle of justice. the breadth and length of the Islands, picturing to It doesn't spell good political sense to classify as the young Filipinos that America is the eternal alien one who owes allegiance to the country. land of "milk and honey." It is needless to say California's highest Courts of Justice have even here that those who have come to America with gone to the extent of challenging the authenticity that state of mind find out that life is not as rosy of the Filipino racial origin, declaring that they as it has been described by the high-powered are not Malayans but Mongolians. Poor Filipinos, salesmanship methods of these steamship com- they even have to exchange ancestors in order to panies.

satisfy some American whims and humor. The Filipinos have a strong Roman Catholic There a.re in continental America approxi- background and have been drilled and indoctri- mately sixty-five thousand Filipinos, thirty-five nated into the rigid discipline of that church.

thousand of whom live along the Pacific Coast. Because of this experience at home they are gen- There are six major reasons for the presence of erally eager to accept a more liberal teaching that the large number of Filipinos in America. First, will give them a freerer avenue for self-expres- it is due to the fact that the Asiatic Emigration sion. In America, therefore, these Filipinos are Law does not take within its jurisdiction the Fili- more inclined to align themselves with the Prot- pinos. In spite of this fact other Asiatic groups, estant forces, and seek entrance into Christian such as the Chinese and the Japanese, outnumber churches that afford them more freedom in reli- them three to one. gious thinking and more social opportunities.

The second reason is the Filipino's love of the The desire for a larger human fellowship is so romance of adventure. It is the dream of every overwhelming that the tragedy comes when that high school boy in the Islands to sail the sea after intense desire is repulsed by the nonreciprocal at- graduation for America, the famed land of great titude of these whose friendship and comradeship opportunities for life improvement. the Filipinos covet. The once brilliant flame of The third reason is the educational advantages goodwill, that so characterizes the simple hearts offered by the colleges and universities and the of the Filipinos, thus becomes dull and an attitude fine opportunities for self-supporting students to of superficiality and skepticism toward things re- find remunerative part-time employment while ligious is developed.

attending school. The majority of the Filipino In other cases, there is a complete departure students in America obtained their education via from the church-a most unfortunate situation.

the kitchens of American homes and public res- The Filipinos must learn to overcome their sensi- taurants, factories, or shops, and in some cases tiveness and the Christian Americans must learn by clerking in government of private offices. to appreciate the Filipino's peculiar behavior.

Fourthly, and perhaps the most important rea- On the basis of these apparent differences they [288 ] must discover a common ground for interracial have not only organized a Filipino church but also understanding. This is a real challenge to the a community center that gives adequate ministry Christian Church, and to accomplish its purpose to the social, educational and religious needs of Christians must learn to bleed. Thus and only the Filipinos of that city. The members of its thus can the Church expect to maintain its highest board include some of the influential men and position as a sanctuary and refuge of truth and women of the Church. There is urgent need for justice and love and bring back to the fold of hu- such a general ministry on the Pacific Coast and man and divine fellowship those Filipinos. it will pay the Christian churches to follow suit.

In large cities in America, where a considerable In Stockton, California, the center of the largest number of Filipinos are found, some churches Filipino population, Dr. and Mrs. M. A. Rader have already awakened to the tremendous chal- who, for twenty-five years were missionaries in lenge that the Filipinos present in religious min- the Philippines, and Dr. N. A. Christensen, pastor istry. In spite of depleted budgets, added sacri- of the Central M. E. Church in that city, and othfices are being made to face the challenge and er interested Americans have established the some kinds of fellowships have been organized Filipino House of Friendship, a center which has for the purpose of Sunday worship. An American a strong social, educational and religious program with a real interest in Filipinos is generally to meet the immediate needs of the Filipinos. placed in advisory capacity to help in the admin- Such a friendly overture, on the part of the istration of such fellowships and in some cases a Church will not only regain the Filipinos to their Filipino pastor is obtained to pilot the movement. lost faith but will mean the development of a larger Christian fellowship and a new and deeper Chicago has gone one step further. The Prot- appreciation of interracial friendship. estant churches, through Church Federation, The Needs of the Filipinos By T. W. BUNDY, Seattle, Washington Director, Filipino Christian Fellowship T HE Filipino has come to America largely in Also to evangelize this great throng of Filipinos response to the demand for a cheap labor on who are constantly passing through the city. It the farms and in the salmon canneries of is composed of a fine group of consecrated young Alaska. One to two thousand are here for edu- people, young men and women of high Christian cational advantages and support themselves by ideals, most of whom are high school or college working as house-boys in American homes. students or graduates. Our local Fellowship, feeling its responsibility for the Filipinos every- During the summer Filipinos are found in where, is reaching out to other localities where nearly all the farming and fruit growing sections there are groups of Filipinos and is organizing of the Pacific Coast, while thousands go to the them into like groups. fish canneries. In the fall they return, to live in the so-called "housekeeping rooms" in the poorer, If this, and similar missionary work, follows the slum sections of our cities. In one corner is a gas course taken among the other Oriental groups, it plate on which they cook their food. Their neigh- will result in the establishment of Filipino :bors are the down-and-out whites, drunks, dope churches. Already they are marrying, and there fiends, prostitutes, the dregs of human society. are quite a number of Filipino children. More For entertainment they may go to the pool halls, adequate facilities are needed to reach the many .dance halls where white girls are their partners, who go to no church, Catholic or Protestant. gambling dens, or the cheap movies. Many of The First Methodist Church permits us the use these are run exclusively for their benefit. They of its facilities at certain hours. Some day we do not live in such an environment from choice, hope to have facilities that will allow us to carry but their economic condition compels it. on a seven.day a week program of a religious and social nature. Thus we are trying to lay the foun- The Filipino Christian Fellowship of Seattle dations for a permanent work to help those Filiwas organized in 1927 to minister to the Chris- pinos who will some day return to their homeland tian young people: to help them in their prob- to carry back with them the best that is to be lems; give assistance in securing work and in found in the Christian life of America. making the adjustment to the new life in this land.

Story of Chung Mei

By W. EARLE SMITH, San Francisco, California n .A CROSS the Bay from San Francisco, on a pression, made it impossible to proceed. For six tract of land facing the beautiful Golden years this large family of Chinese boys, and those Gate, stands the Chung Mei Home for caring for them, have cheerfully stayed on in the Chinese Boys of which the Rev. Charles R. Shep- old building in the midst of undesirable surroundherd is superintendent. This is the only institu- ings, and through their woodyard and concerts tion of its kind in America. It is unique in pur- have raised nearly $20,000.

BOYS WORKING AT CHUNG MEl HOME One of the approaches to the new bridge over San Francisco's famous Bay will be built right through the old Chung Mei property, and but little more than a year remains before the Chung Mei boys must find shelter elsewhere.

Since the founding of the Home in 1923 more than two hundred boys have found shelter be- neath its roof. A number have stayed over a pe- riod of years and are now giving splendid account of themselves elsewhere. More than a dozen are continuing their education in high school, and several are in college.

pose, in spirit and in history. Starting ten years ago with seven little boys, it now shelters more than sixty young sons of Cathay, ranging in age from three to seventeen years. Chung Mei Home is not an orphanage, a reform school or detention home. It undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys-orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy, broken or unfit homes, and the so-called delinquent or problem boy; in fact, any Chinese boy who has not had a good start in life.

The history of this Home, though covering only ten short years, is full of romance. The idea of self-help is always held up before the boys. "We cannot expect others to help us," they are told, "unless we are willing to do our best to help ourselves." They have accepted this challenge and have put their shoulders to the wheel with en- The boys came back to visit and never fail to thusiasm. Before the Home was two years old express gratitude for what the Chung Mei Home its phenomenal success called for extensive en- has done for them. Eddie Tong, after graduation largement. The first $2,000 of the sum needed from high school, remained to render valuable for enlargement was raised by the boys them- help in the Home, continuing his work at the Uniselves. Two years later (in 1928) plans were made to move the work to a better location, and a splendid five-acre tract of land was bought in EI Cerrito, six miles north of the present location. The entire cost was raised by the boys through their musical performances, work in the woodyard and other activities. Plans were then started for a new building; but before the project could be versity of California and has now accepted a place launched the financial flurry, followed by the de- on the staff of one of the Baptist schools in China.

[290 ]

Indians in United

By the REV. THEODORE FIELDBRAVE, M.A., Berkeley, California An East Indian, Formerly with the American Baptist Home Mission Society O F ALL peoples the East Indians have the but their greatest number entered California-in least desire to emigrate beyond the seas. 1913. They are Sikhs and the Mohammedans Their love for home, their social and do- from the Panjab, North India. We all know more mestic customs, and some of their religious be- or less about Islam, its growth and power as a liefs stand in the way of a migratory instinct. world religion. Despite this fact, there are at present over two million Indians scattered over the world outside These Sikhs number about 2,000 on the Pacific of India. All Indian emigration is now either coast, and their religion is called "Sikhism." There very strictly regulated or defi- are over three million followers of this faith in nitely suspended. India. Guru (religious teacher) Nanak, the founder, was born The East Indians in North Mr. and Mrs. Fieldbrave in 1469 A. D., and so was a America may be divided into are the only Christian work~ contemporary of Martin Lufour groups: ers among the four thousand ther. He was a great religious 1. Farmers on the Pacific Coast East Indians in the United reformer who sought to recon- (about 3,000). States. He was born in Luck~ cile and reform both Islam and Hinduism. The general name 2. Students scattered through- now in a Christian home, his "Sikh," means "disciples" of out the country (about the one true God. Their holy 500). grandfather having been a book, "The Garanth Sahib," ("Mr. Book") is the size of our 3. Skilled workers, traders and Methodist minister and his Bible and they believe in it im- merchants of the Middle father a Presbyterian min~ West and East (about plicitly. Unlike the Hindus, 1,000) . ister, and is himself a Baptist. the Sikhs do not believe in thoascobme~~ caste, child marriage, or idol- 4. The Hindu Swamis and He came to America atry, neither do they practice Yogis (about 25 or 30). plete his studies and seclusion for women. come an American citizen. The Hindu (the word Hindu Their tenth Guru (teacher) in America stands for race and For fourteen years he worked not for religion) emigration to this country began sometime in successfully for his fellow countrymen as a missionary, and is now seeking to estab~ lish an Indian Christian ash~ 1905 when there was no immi- ram in America where Hindus Govind Singh, required them gration restriction to America. wi11learn to know and follow all to take a common family They came to both the Atlantic Christ. name, Singh, ("Lion"), typify- and the Pacific seaboards. ing their spiritual kinship and Those who entered from the their g e n u i n e brotherhood.

Atlantic coast were chiefly seafaring Mohamme- Hence, they are called "the Lions of the Panjab."

dans from Bengal. These men preferred factory A unique feature about the Sikhs is that wher- work to farming, and are now distributed over ever they are located in any large numbers they the big industrial centers of New York, Detroit, build a temple for themselves to worship. Their Chicago, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, St. Louis and mother church, called "The Golden Temple," is 10- New Orleans. In Detroit, the Ford Company and cated at Amritsar, Panjab. Other temples, built the General Motors Corporation have engaged outside of India, are located in Hongkong, where hundreds of them at various types of factory there are over 2,000 Sikhs, and in Vancouver, work. Some Hindus took to trade in perfume and British Columbia, where they number about 1,500 incense, still others were employed in railway counting their women and children. They built shops, lumber yards, grocery stores, tailoring con- a temple at Stockton, California, many years ago, cerns, barber shops and restaurants. but in 1929 this was removed and they erected a The Hindus who entered through the Pacific more beautiful one in its place.

gateway came in large groups at various times, A singular fact is that in America almost the [291 ]

entire Hindu population is male, as the United Others were employed at "squat labor," where hundreds of Hindus work on the farms, orchards, States Government has never allowed, except in cotton fields. and vineyards throughout California.

very few cases, the families of the laboring men The agitation and anti-Asiatic feeling, and the discriminatory land laws enacted against the Orito enter. The Canadian Government has recently entals on the Pacific coast, were not primarily di- rected against the Hindus, largely because they permitted wives and children to join them if they form such a small group.

so desire. . The anti-alien land laws of 1910, 1913, 1917, 1923, and the famous Immigration Exclusion Act American missionaries, whose work is very of 1924, made all Orientals ineligible to American citizenship and the "Barred Zone Immigration strong in the Panjab, have been partly responsi- Act," of 1917 stopped Hindu labor immigration from India. Since that time on, the Indian farmble for the presence of Hindus on the Pacific ers and laborers have been reduced to common every-day laborers. Their present economic concoast. They were told that America was a Chris- dition is pitiable, and presents a challenge to Christian America, to be at least friendly and tian country, a rich and large country, and a free helpful to the sons of India who are like sheep without a shepherd. While America has the right country that offers opportunity to all. California not to grant citizenship to the Hindus as a race, it seems un-American and un-Christian to cancel MRS. FIELDBRAVE WITH TWO HINDU STUDENTS AND THE citizenship legally and in all good faith, granted PRIME MINISTER OF CASHMERE (ON A VISIT TO AMERICA) prior to the Exclusion Act.

was represented the best part of America, because The Exclusion Act of 1924 has also changed the it is like the Panjab in climate, products and in status of the students. It is estimated that during general aspect. Although the majority of Indians 1920 and 1923 nearly 500 students entered this on the coast have come directly from India, some country from India, and with the exception of a have come from Shanghai, Hongkong and Manila few who returned home these are still in the counwhere they had been working as watchmen, police- try, working or attending some school. Now stumen, or in military service. dents are admitted as "non-quota immigrants," must be over fifteen years of age, must attend a At first these men were hired as farm laborers, school, college, seminary or university approved and others were set to work on railroads. As by the Secretary of Labor, and must return home most of them were agriculturists in India, they after finishing his schooling in America. Facing naturally took to farming and some of them be- these regulations, they come in reduced numbers, came prosperous. It is estimated that in 1919 and young, full of life, hope and ambition, to get the 1920 nearly 2,500 acres of good farm lands were best, to make the best and to give the best. They owned in many parts of California by Hindus. stay only for a few years, but they are the future leaders of India.

What kind of impression do they take with them about our country, its religion, its civiliza- tion and its people? Not what they bring counts as much as what they take with them. What a challenge the students from India throw at us Christians! And so do the 3,000 Hindus in Cali- fornia.

They need "sympathy" and "friendliness" of Christian America; but sympathy without action is hypocrisy, and friendliness without service is worse. We shall never be able to claim China, Japan, India and the rest of the Orient for Christ, no matter how much money, nor how many men we send there, unless and until, we can show the "Orient" within our borders how to "live" for Christ.

The fourth group of the Hindus in America is made up of the Swamis and Yogis. There are

EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES

two sets of Swamis or Hindu religious teachers in Christian missionaries in the Orient while at the this country. The one group may be called the same time these Orientals who come to California foreign Hindu missionaries to America. These suffer from "race prejudice," our pet national Hindu preachers and teachers come, as our mis- sin. The imperative task of every true follower sionaries go to India, to preach and propagate of Christ is to evangelize the world. This includes Hindu thought and religion. They are supported by the "Ramakrishna Mission," which was estab- AT THE OLD SIKH TEMPLE, STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA lished by Swami Vivekananda after he had attended the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in the people of every color, clime and country. 1893. He was the first from India to offer "Ve- America, while busily engaged in the glorious dantism," a system of Hindu philosophy (Ve- task of saving the Orient for Christ, may lose her danta means the end of knowledge) in a most pal- own soul if the Christianity within her own boratable form for American consumption. America ders is not revitalized. has, indeed, proven a congenial soil for the nurture of this idealized Hinduism. Numerous ashrams have been built where educated American men and women go to hear these Swamis preach or teach. They also give lavishly to support their Hindu ministers.

The other group of Swamis may be termed "homemade," for they are the product of America and most of them have taken up this profession for what they can get out of it. They have discovered that Americans, especially women, are curious creatures and will "fall for" anything or anybody who looks odd or mysterious. Thus, Hinduism in America, with all its ramifications, is the response to the stimulus which is American.

A unique piece of Christian work has been carried on for fourteen years among the Hindus on the Pacific coast. The American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1919 appointed a Christian Hindu as the first missionary to the Hindus in America, and this unique work has been carried on by him and his cultured and consecrated Indian wife until May 1st, last year, when the Society was obliged to discontinue it for lack of funds. No Christian work in America is, perhaps, so difficult, and yet more unique and far reaching than this. Success is not measured by the number of converts counted or church edifices built. Millions of dollars are spent to support THE GOSPEL – MY ADVOCATE I -sinned. Then straightway, post haste, Satan flew Then quickly One rose up from God's right hand, Before the presence {)f the most high God Before Whose glory angels veil their eyes. And made a railing accusation there. He said: "This soul, this thing of clay and sod, He spoke: "Each jot and tittle of the law Has sinned. 'Tis true that he has named Thy name; Must be fulfilled; the guilty sinner dies! But I demand his death, for Thou hast said: But wait; his heinous guilt was all transferred The soul that sinneth, it shall die. Shall not T,o Me, and I have paid his penalty! Thy sentence be fulfilled? Is justice dead? Behold My side, My hands, My feet! One day Send now this wretched sinner to his doom; I was made sin for him, and died that he What other thing can righteous ruler do?" Might be presented guiltless at Thy throne!"

And so he did accuse me day and night, Then Satan fled away. Full well he knew And every word he spoke, 0 God, was true! That he could not prevail against such love, Since every word my dear Lord spoke is true!

MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON, Wilmington, California.

Challenge of

-<tSf By EDWAR LEE, Berkeley, California Immigration Interpreter at Angel Island, California T HE great problem confronting the Chinese whether they will be an asset or a liability to the churches is one of bridging the gap between greater American community. In their minds the old and new generations of Chinese. The are staged great conflicts of cultures. The older solution lies in effecting an adjustment in organi- generation's contribution to America included the zations, and in better religious education. building of railroads, the cultivation of new lands Sixty or seventy years ago many missions were and furnishing men for domestic work. The new founded in order to convert some of the hordes generation is different. They inevitably adopt of Chinese immigrants that were coming to the the external mannerisms, sentiments and char- western coast. The difficulties must have been acteristics of Americans, while inwardly, as one great, especially in view of the fact that shortly student puts its, "The younger generation leads after the founding of these missions there ap- a truly double and romantic life of the East and peared the agitation for Chinese exclusion which the West. They study Chinese and speak Eng- engendered hostility and suspicion. In spite of lish, admire Confucius and adore Jesus, read Chi- the handicaps, the converts became a nucleus of nese literature and enjoy dancing to American a small but active Christian minority in the com- music; and they celebrate two new years." * munity. In those days, for a Chinese to become The Christian churches in Chinatown have a Christian was a daring adventure, but neverthe- fallen into evil days-evil in the sense that there less this minority group, alienated from the dom- is too much unholy and wasteful denominational inant group, busied themselves starting churches, competition and in that they are unalive to the missionary societies, and schools for the study of duty of serving the present age. The first weak- English. San Francisco, as a center of social and ness was due to rivalry on the part of missions religious life for the Chinese on the Pacific coast, trying to outdo each other in physical buildings likewise became the Jerusalem for the Christians. and on the part of the Chinese in directing most These missions steadily gained strength and char- of their efforts to missionary work in China with acter so that even the San Francisco earthquake no surplus energy left to look after interests in and fire (1906) which destroyed all of them, led America. The second weakness is due to their to building greater mission projects. backwardness and self-complacency which is Just as these missions reached the point of causing ossification of these once active and pro- greatest usefulness, the older or first generation gressive missions. They have failed to realize of Chinese in the United States was passing and that the preaching of other-worldliness and de- the first phase of the work came to an end. The pendence on emotionalism are no longer adequate work was no longer to win the mass of Chinese im- in winning the new generation. The old Chinese migrants, for immigration had fallen off. The old faith has practically long been forsaken and the group was looking out across the Pacific, longing temples are no longer active religious centers. The to return home. Toward that end they labored Christianity as practiced in most of the churches and spent their energy, accumulating money for of Chinatown, though it served the old genera- the trip home and in missionary efforts in the tion, is often unacceptable to the well educated homeland. Energy directed into that channel be- young Chinese. Here is the danger of the devel- came a strong factor in establishing Christian opment of a godless generation, without the old homes, churches, schools and hospitals in the moral and religious restraints and with no new Kwangtung Province from whence they had come. vital faith to take the place of what was dis- But unfortunately tbey did not think of the sec- carded. Precisely- here lies the challenge to ond phase of the work for with the coming of the Christian leadership to help revive these deterior- second generation, the nature of the mission work ating missions.

had changed, and, not being aware of the problem, In what way can these Chinese churches ef- no new technique has been evolved. The prob- fectively deal with the second generation and at lems of the second generation of Chinese in Amer- the same time satisfy the older generation? A ica is a study by itself. On them will depend • Ching-wah Lee on "Second-Generation Problems," 1922.

[294 ] program that is adequate must bridge the gap (bigger than necessary in most cases) now, in between the generation born in China and that time of depression, find themselves with white born and raised in America. To affect a renais- elephants on their hands. To lessen the evils of sance of these churches, they must be purged overlapping and wasteful competition, these from the spirit of formalism which is causing churches, with the cooperation of the Boards, their downfall. The young people, educated and should consolidate into two or three churches. trained no longer wish to follow their forebears in three-legged economic pursuits such as being One weak spot in the Chinatown churches is cooks or runners of chop-suey houses and laun- the preaching. The fact that the pulpits are ocdries. Many capable sons and daughters of cooks cupied by men of the older school results in worand laundrymen have attended universities, try- ship services offering no appeal to the younger ing to rise above their submerged economic status, generation. No attempt is made to give the servbut because of racial prejudices have not been ices proper spiritual atmosphere or to raise the able to reach a standard of living commensurate standard to a higher level. The sermons are as a with their ability. The problem therefore is not rule dry and unintelligent to young Chinese; the only that of saving souls but is also that of pre- prayers long and generally are made up of petisenting a Christian social message that will com- tions for favors instead of spiritual communion fort them and spur them on to higher things in with God. The same familiar hymns, sung from the midst of toils and conflicts. week to week and in both tongues simultaneously, also jar sensitive nerves. Is it any wonder that San Francisco's Chinatown, a community occu- those of the second generation, who attend church pying a small area, has seven Protestant go away bored and hungry? Furthermore, the teaching of the Bible, without interpreting it in churches,* and one Catholic church and center, the light of today, often causes them to reject it altogether. The preachers, often without any probesides Salvation Army, and branches of the fessional training or ability to stimulate, are Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Denominational hardly qualified to lead any youth movement. pride or prejudice prevents one group from unit- They are apparently unmindful that each generaing with others or using the facilities of another tion must come to faith in the light of the best available knowledge of the day. One cannot put denomination.t Duplication is not only a tre- new wine into old skins lest they burst. Such is the plight of the churches in Chinatown. mendous waste of financial resources, but is also a great waste of intellectual resources in that the But despite their shortcomings, these Chinese division of enlightened leaders prevents the for- churches afford the best opportunities to young mation of a working majority within each church people for self-expression as well as for spiritual to plan progressive work. A few old members in and moral development. Therefore, a church that each church, strongly indoctrinated to love their will pioneer the work of the second generation particular denominations above social progress, and provide opportunities for their spiritual realiare stumblingblocks to the leaders trying to pro- zation will render a great service to Christ and mote church union. The Mission Boards that once to humanity. This is the problem and the chalvied with each other in building these churches lenge of Chinatown.

• Denominations represented are Baptist, Independent Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Cumberland Presbyterian.

t The Hip Wo School project, sponsored by Congregational, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches is the only notable exception.

METHODIST WORK AMONG THE JAPANESE IN AMERICA The Pacific Japanese Mission Conference has organized work at Mesa and Phoenix, Arizona; Denver, Pueblo and Las Animas, Colorado; Bakersfield, Berkeley, Florin, Perkins, Fresno, Selma, Reedley, Brawley, Livingston, Loomis, Marysville, Gridley, Los Angeles, Oak- land, Oxnard, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, Sunland, San Jose, Santa Maria, Vacaville, Fairfield, Winters, West Los Angeles, California; Seattle.

Spokane, Tacoma, Wapato, Washington; Hood River, Salem, Portland, Oregon. There are 32 organized churches. This work is cared for by 23 Japanese ministers, three Japanese-Ameri- can ministers and 6 Japanese-American assistants. There are also three Americans, besides the superintendent, partially or wholly supported by the Board of Home Missions. In addi- tion there are scores of volunteer helpers who receive no salaries. The churches at Oakland, Berkeley (United), Livingston, Seattle and Los Angeles are fully self-supporting. The sub- sidy to the others varies from $5 to $45 a month. In the past eight years the total member- ship has increased from 2,279 to 4,056 and the Church School enrolment has grown from 2,609 to 4,438. Self-support has increased from $31,713 to $65,338 in 1932 and in 1933 the total gifts amounted to $47,689. -FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Story of a Chinese

Huie Kin, the Boy Who Became the Founder of the First Chinese Church of New YQrk -4if By the REV. THEODORE F. SAVAGE, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Presbytery of New York No FABLED hero of a magician's tale ever them only fourteen, started out across the Pacific had a greater contrast between humble be- in a small sailing vessel. About two months later ginnings and an active life than did Huie three of them arrived in San Francisco, the oldest Kin, who came from China to America as a poor having died on the way.

lad; and whose ministry of eighty years came to Young Huie Kin's first job was as a house boy a close in January of this at $1.50 a week, and later he year. He first saw the light tried his hand as a farmer's in a little Chinese village of helper. He was fortunate in four lanes, fourteen houses, attracting the attention of and seventy souls—called the several Christian people who "Village of Perpetual Peace." saw in him real possibilities Later he became a dominant and assisted him to secure figure among his countrymen more education. The Rev.

in the greatest city of the new J ames Eells, pastor of the world; the founder of the First Presbyterian Church of Christian church which today Oakland, befriended the lad, bears his name; a beloved and soon after received him minister for nearly fifty years into m e m be r s hip in that in the rush and turmoil of church and put him to work New York City. Whether he in a mission Sunday school.

often sighed for that peace That conversion was genuine he seldom told his friends, and brought forth fruit many but he loved the memories of hundredfold. that simple agricultural life The young man was given with its strong family back- a college training and after ground. his graduation from Lane Theological Seminary a call As a youth Huie Kin was came to take charge of the given the opportunities of a simple education in thE: Chi- mission work among the Chi- nese classics, but perhaps an nese in New York City.

ambition was stirred within Thither he came in 1885 at him because of the name the age of thirty-one. The given him by his parents, THE REV. AND MRS. HUlE KIN mission had started in 1868 at which translated means "Light the Five Points Mission and of Scholarship." Tales of the outside world came in 1879 came under the general supervision of the occasionally to the village of Perpetual Peace. A Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Huie neighbor knew someone who had once been in Kin took charge of the Chinese Sunday school Australia; later came tales of gold discoveries in of the University Place church, of which Dr.

a mythical land of California. Finally some of George Alexander was pastor. Thus began a life- the youths of the village became restive and four long friendship, which caused the Chinese Chris- of them, including young Huie Kin, then fourteen tians of New York to think of Dr. Alexander as years of age, announced their desire to come to their father in Christ. America. With rare foresight his father consented and mortgaged his farm for $30 to pay the Work among the Chinese had many encouragepassage. Then, in 1868 these four lads, two of ments and encountered many difficulties. It was conducted in one rented building after another [296 ] until in 1908, through a remarkable combination agreed to marry them, and all testified that no of circumstances a building was secured at 225 marriage seemed more truly blessed by Heaven. East 31st Street. It had been formerly occupied Mrs. Huie was as devoted to the Chinese work as by the East Side Republican Club and was ad- was her husband and became a true mother to the mirably adapted to the work, having, in addition Chinese of the city. Nine children came to bless to a large auditorium and basement for social them, and· their achievements are most imprespurposes,· a number of classrooms, and a whole sive. Here is their record:* floor which could be used to house young men recently arriving from China. Rev. Huie Kin Irving Van Arnam, B.S., New York University; Major had married a remarkable Christian woman and in Engineering Corps in the World War; formerly Depthe living quarters for the minister and his fam- uty Commissioner of New York State Highways; engiily were on the top floor. Two years later, in neer, New York City; married Miss Irene Gartland of 1910, the First Chinese Presbyterian Church was New York City; two children. organized. Harriet LoUise, B.A., Hunter College; married Mr. Through the ministry of this church Mr. Huie Fuliang Chang, Ph.B., M.F., Yale University, M.S.A. Kin has exerted an influence upon many of the University of Georgia, formerly Dean of Middle School of Chinese who have come to New York and upon the Yale-in-China, now Secretary for Rural Work, National life of China of far greater proportions than any Christian Council of China, Shanghai; five children. membership statistics can indicate. A list of those who have participated in the work reads Alice Ordainia, B.S., Teachers College, Columbia Unilike a Who's Who of modern China, including versity; married Mr. Y. C. James Yen, B.A. Yale, M.A. such men as Dr. Wong Chung Way, now a judge Princeton, D.Sc. St. John's University, Director of Mass at the Hague; Dr. C. T. Wong, formerly Minister Education Association, Tinghsien; five children. of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Republic; Mr. James Yen, founder of the mass education move- Caroline Alida, B.S., M.A. Teachers College, Columbia; ment of China, and Mrs. Margaret Chan, Secre- married Rev. Y. Y. Tsu, Ph.D., Columbia, B.D. General tary of Lord Lytton's Commission to Manchuria, Theological Seminary, Secretary for Religious and Social who was for several years pianist in the New Work, Peiping Union Medical College; four children. York church. The founder of the Chinese Republic, Sun Yat-sen, as a young man, lived for Helen Pierson, B.A., Cornell; married Mr. Paul C. T. some months with Mr. Huie at the building on Kwei, B.A. Yale, M.A. Cornell, Ph.D. Princeton, Professor Ninth Street, and while he was there he worked of Physics at Central China University, Wuchang; three out many of his political ideas, and practically children. wrote there the draft of what later became the constitution of the Chinese Republic. Ruth Gorham, Wooster College; married Mr. Henry H. C. Chou, B.A. Oberlin, Ph.D. Columbia, Dean of the Mr. Huie not only was engaged in preaching College and Professor of Education at Yenching Univerand teaching, but devoted much of his time to sity, Peiping; three children. welcoming newcomers to America, giving them a hand of friendliness as they became adj usted to Dorothy Esther, B.A. Hunter College, M.A. Columbia, new conditions. He spent much of his time in Associate in Bacteriology, Peiping Union Medical College; caring for the sick and needy, and was a frequent married Dr. Amos Wong, M.D., St. John's and John Hopvisitor at the Presbyterian Hospital encouraging kins, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese, who were too afraid of American ways, Peiping Union Medical College; one child. to seek medical assistance. Albert Van Arnam, B.S., C.E. College of the City of The Huie Family New York; engaged in engineering work, New York City; married Miss Janet Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn; one Not the least of the achievements of Mr. Huie child. has been the establishment of the Huie family. Not long after he came to New York a volunteer Arthur Kin, B.S. Lafayette College; engaged in pubworker appeared at his mission, Miss Louise Van lishing and printing, New Haven, Conn.; married Miss Arnam. True love seemed to know no racial bar- Isabel Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn.; one child. riers and these two came to Dr. Alexander to tell him of their desire to join their lives. He cau- Huie Kin's life was supremely happy and he tioned them and warned them, stating that back could look back upon a service in his chosen proof each there were thousands of years of abso- fession in which he not only attained distinlutely different traditions and cultures, and dif- guished recognition, but maintained the love and ficulties w.ould undoubtedly be in store for them; affection of all who knew him. He exerted a but, when their decision was unaltered, he finally blessed influence on an untold number of lives, and completed his days in peace, returning with his wife to the land of his birth, to be near his daugh- ters in his old age. At the end he thus attained the ambition which is that of every loyal Chinese and, among members of his family, slipped away peace- fully in his eightieth year. The members of his New York church immediately requested Presby- tery to change the name of the church to the "Huie Kin Memorial" that there might be a con- tinued reminder of his faithful ministry.

·These family statistics are taken from the Rev. Huie's "Reminis- cences" (1930).

Generation

By SUMILE MORISHITA ODA, J Berkeley, California 1)9- ~==============================~ I N THE public schools of America the second w/ould like to enjoy this recreation, which so generation Japanese children have been many of the young people do, they must go after praised for their good conduct and high scholastic standing. They are neat and clean. They ten o'clock at night. In some of the largest cities on the Pacific have caused little or no trouble by juvenile delin- Coast, Japanese cannot use the swimming pools quencies. of the Y. M. C. A. and some other places have They have every right of citizens, given by the the same rule. Constitution, yet because of their appearance, At the University of California, no Japanese can pay their registration fee until proof of their citizenship is established, before the University lawyer. If one is not born in California the fee is almost $50 more. This discrimination hurts.

They are forced to take military training at the University of California, but when they apply for training in the Naval Cadet corps, they are re- fused. The problem of renting or buying homes in the better sections of the city is another difficulty with which refined second generation Japanese are confronted. In Los Angeles, a splendid newly-wedded couple, the husband a professor in a university and his wife a graduate nurse, had to move five times in three months before they could find an apartment where the neighbors did not object.

In Walnut Grove and Florin, two country towns where there are many Japanese children, they are segregated into schools and so cannot learn to speak good English.

Another difficulty is that in most families the parents speak Japanese and the children Eng- lish. As a result parents and children can with difficulty talk over matters of personal impor- tance without the danger of misunderstanding on both sides.

Photograph ZOO;nea by Dr. Frank Herron 8111Jith Many exceptionally capable second generation YUKI KUWAHARA Japanese students have been trained in univer- Religious 'Vork Director at the Japanese Methodist Episcopal sities in engineering and architecture and other Church, Los Angles fields but they find no positions available in they very often confront serious difficulties. Ra- American firms. If, however, they overcome their cial discrimination is heart breaking for the Jap- natural timidity and develop their personality and anese are extremely sensitive and proud and their do better than the white Americans, there is a children are not without that quality. place for them.

A few examples of the discrimination which The second generation are, however, fortunate they have to overcome may be cited. in having the heritage of both Japan and Amer- Japanese are prohibited in some localities from ica. With this dual heritage, they have the re- seeking seats on the first floor in theatres. In sponsibility and privilege of working toward the Oakland they are not allowed on the skating rink bringing about of a better understanding between at "Rollerland" during regular hours. If they these two nations which border on the Pacific.

[298 ] Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,===============================,~, Of One Blood-Or Many? Between the various state- ginning two years ago with four mem- ments of things as they are and bers, now numbers 45. From that "Perhaps the greatest home the final declaration of the ideal group many from strong Buddhist mission fields in this country are for America lies a great field of hom€s have been baptized and are those which are markQd off by endeavor where every Christian earnestly seeking to win others. One the barriers of race. We have is under obligation to invest him- lad has won his father and mother learned to tunnel through moun- self to the limit of his strength and wants to train for Christian servtains and to bridge rivers. We and his means. With the possi- ice, as do others in the class. The have built roads across the des- ble exception of the Negroes, no- Japanese Woman's Home and a ert and by these roads mission- where is racial pre j u d ice church in Seattle with a membership aries have made their way to the stronger than in the American of 400, Sunday school enrolment of most distant points on our mis- attitude toward the Chinese and 500, and nine outstations are insionary frontier. We have pene- Japanese, against whose peace- cluded in the home mission program trated the regions most difficult able invasion we have erected of work among Japanese. – "Home of access in Alaska, where mis- our immigration barriers-and Mission Facts and Folks," Baptist sions are being served both by incidentally done much to para- Boazrd of Missionary Cooperation. boat and by airplane; but no one lyze missionary efforts in those has yet been able successfully to lands. By what Christian poli- The Place of Dramatizations cross the barriers of race."- cies can we ameliorate this atti- "God and the Census," by Robert tude toward Orientals in our Good Americanization plays McLean. home land? are effective in creating atmos- phere and the right attitude of "The race problem is a hu- The Department of Home Missions mind towards foreigners in our man problem. Until we think of known as Christian Americanization midst. Here are several which, all citizens as human beings, seeks, through a very simple organi- though not new, have stood the with human rights, human in- zation and almost no expenditure of test of time: terests, and human possibilities; money, to enlist church members in until we insist on equality of op- definite forms of neighborliness "America for Americans" (10 portunity, equality before the among the foreign-speaking people of cents) . law, equal sanitary provisions, their communities. The ideal is every equal protection of persons and church member a neighbor, as Jesus "Christ in America"-a pageant of property . . . until we become interpreted that word. Three of the Home Mission opportunity, with Chiconscious of a human brother- most common avenues of service are nese, Japanese and Hindu impersonahood and cease to exploit the teaching groups in homes, centers or tions prominent (15 cents). weak we are not even in sight of churches; helping any who desire to our goal."-Dr. J. L. Kesler, become citizens; just being a friend, "The Striking of America's Hour" Vanderbilt University, Nash- with all that word implies. There can -a pageant of Christian liberty, with ville. be no hard and fast rules by which to a ringing call to the higher patriotism go, for we are dealing with personali- and a challenge to American Chris- "Go to church?" said one Chi- ties, and each one is different, but in tianity (20 cents). nese laundryman. "Go to church, these intimate relationships, Christian China. No time to go to church, men and women have marvelous op- In "Christ in America" the Amelica. On Sunday Amelicans portunities to interpret democracy Chinese character says: come for clothes." and a vital Christian faith to neigh- bors, many of whom have come to I thought it would be easy to find America, America! America seeking the best it has to your Christ in America. Before I The shouts of war shall cease; give. left China I had known one of your The glory dawns! The day is come missionaries there whom I had ad- Of victory and peace! The Chinese Mission School in San mired. In this land I expected to find And now upon a larger plan Francisco is crowded to capacity. all women like her. . . . I entered We'll build the common good, Kindergarten and primary children, one of your great universities. At the The temple of the love of man, nearly all from non-Christian homes, first reception I attended, many talked The House of Brotherhood! learning day by day songs and stories to me of our queer manners and cus- of Jesus, carry them! home to father toms but no one spoke to me of Christ. and mother. Among the students are I thought they were waiting for me 50 young men most of whom come to ask to be taught, and so I said to from villages in China where the one of the teachers, "Tell me more name of Christ has never been heard. about Christ. I have heard only a … A Bible class in the Japanese little." Her face flushed and I saw that I had blundered. "We do not r Baptist church in Sacramento, be- speak of these things in a social gath- 299] ering," she answered. . . . She did not mention the subjectlagain."

The Japanese girl says to Co- lumbia, after commenting on the

loveliness of the western coast Grandmother (studying map): It is Using Missionary Magazines -rivaling that of her own land quite natural, little Etsubo, for -so that she concluded that all them to make Japan look small on We announced an afternoon joy would be hers in America: this map. It was made by the peo- with young people all around the ple of the black ships. Japan is world-looking at the fine things I expected to hear the name of made large on the Japanese maps they are doing, the way they are Jesus on every tongue. I thought it of the world. responding to challenges of would be easy to lead my brother to present-day needs. We had church in America, where I expected Girl: Who are the people of the black eight speakers from our own juto find all the people Christians; but ships? nior and senior societies, with a he has never heard the name of God member of the woman's society from American lips· except on the Grandmother: They are the red bar- as announcer and timekeeper. fruit farm, and then only with oaths barians who came uninvited to our The program was carefully and curses. Now he sneers and says, sacred land. They came in big planned, and every item of in- "The Americans send their religion black ships that moved without formation was taken from reacross the sea to us because they have sails. cent numbers of THE MISSIONno use for it themselves." ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Girl: I know; Ishi sings it to me: "America for Americans" is a They came from a land of darkness- Afte~ a ten-minute introducwholesome play of world friend- Giants with hooked nose like mountain tory talk, based on three articles ship and good will for boys and -"Students Facing God and girls, and while much shorter imp; Life," "Youth's Need of Christ," and simpler in presentation, has "Youth and Religion in Ameria forceful message. All three Giants with rough hair, loose and red; ca," in the May and July nummay be obtained from the Lit- They stole a prolIllise from our sacred bers of 1933, seven women folerature Headquarters of the lowed with interesting news United Lutheran Church, 723 master items of movements among the Muhlenberg Bldg., Phila., Pa. And danced with joy as they sailed youth in America, Japan, China, Korea, Burma and Europe. They "A Daughter of the Samurai" away told of the response young peo- To the distant land of darkness. ple are giving to the race-rela- This sketch is intended to in- tions problems; the evangelistic troduce and create interest in I wonder why they are called black bands of students who are tourthe book of the same name with ships? ing Burma, India and Korea; a view to its study or reading Grandmo·ther: Because far out on the the Christian Youth Movements later. Before the curtain goes waters they looked like clouds of of Norway, Bulgaria and Hunup, some one reads a brief intro- black smoke rolling nearer and gary; student Christian productory sketch explaining that nearer, and they had long black nouncements in German univerthe author, Etso Inajaki Sugi- guns that roared. The red barba- sities; student conferences in moto, is a teacher of Japanese rians cared nothing for beauty. the Latin quarters of Paris; language and history in Colum- They laughed at the Japanese boats, youths' responses to Sunday bia University and has written whose sails are made of rich brocade school missions and to national the story of her own childhood and their oars of carved wood in- missions. These facts and many in a Japanese home, her girlhood laid with coral and mother-of-pearl. others were put into as stirring in a mission school in Tokyo, her They talked like tradesmen and did five-minute talks as our society marriage to an American mer- not want to learn the hearts of the has ever listened to. Incidenchant, her brief but happy life in children of the gods. (Pause.) tally THE REVIEW found its way this country, her return to Ja- Girl: And after that? And after into homes it had never visited pan as a widow with two little that, Grandmother? before, and the marked articles girls and finally her triumphant Grandmother: The black ships and were not the only ones read with struggle to obtain permission to the red barbarians sailed away. interest. – Emmabelle D. Pierreturn to America to educate But they sailed back many times. son, Presbyterian Church, Upher daughters. The sketch makes They were always sailing, and now per Montclair, N. J. us acquainted with the author as the people of our sacred land also a little girl who is very much talk like tradesmen and no longer "Editing Missions," "The disturbed about her beloved Ja- are peaceful and content. Woman's Friend," or "Women pan and has taken her troubles Girl: Will they never be peaceful and and Missions," or whatever the to her Honorable Grandmother. content again? The honorable desired magazine may be, makes The grandmother enters and is teacher said that sailing ships a bright and profitable program seated, after which the little girl bring lands nearer to each other. and also a good setting for secomes in, bows low and is also Grandmother: Listen! Little Grand- curing subscriptions. The leader, seated. daughter, unless the red barbarians as the editor-in-chief, gives an and the children of the gods learn editorial taken from a recent Girl: Honorable Grandmother (point- each others' hearts, the ships may number of the publication (it ing to a large colored map of the sail and sail but the two lands will may be either bona fide or syn- world in a book), I have just never be nearer. thetic); then she announces the learned that our beloved land is only a few tiny islands in the great -Mary Brown, Downey Ave. world, and I am much, much Christian Church, Indian- troubled. apolis.

This little volume (price, $1.00) will not only enable its readers to see Americans as a native- born Japanese living in our land sees us but will go far toward- enabling us to "learn each oth- ers' hearts."

"The Orient Steps Out," by Mary Jenness, is also particu- larly valuable, being a new book for Vacation Church Schools, "for girls and boys and their teachers." (Cloth, $1.00.)

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

different features of a typical is- they are expected to visit and Bells of India (Higginbottom), cloth, sue, such as: the leading article; make arrangements to be with $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. a story; a poem; the devotional them on their regular meeting page; the news column; depart- days or at a special called meet- Ann of Ava (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; mental features, etc., choosing ing, so that as nearly as possible paper, 75c. Missionary Education the brightest and best features the entire membership may be Movement. from several recent numbers. present to hear the message. This is also an excellent way to Results of the visitation are later Uganda's White Man of Work bring the magazine into action reported to the state secretary (Fahs) , cloth, $1.00; paper, 75c. instead of allowing it to lie un- the data obtained to be used to Missionary Education Movement. used from month to month, as increase, improve and intensify when daily papers and new nov- the missionary work of the de- The White Queen of Okoyong (Livels crowd it out. nomination. In this way litera- ingstone), $1.50. Doran. ture finds its way into the va- A Chain of Visits rious homes, missionary interest The Moffats (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; is awakened or deepened and the paper, 75c. Missionary Education The every-member financial membership of all the societies Movement. canvass has become an accepted involved is to be increased as function in most churches of much as possible. For Juniors and Primary late years; but our Lutheran Children brethren conducted a visitation "The last public address of campaign with a different ob- Dwight W. Morrow," says the A China Shepherdess (Applegarth), ject and technique. They say: canvassers' instruction sheet, cloth, $1.75. Judson Press. "contained this statement: 'It is One of the greatest needS existing impossible that the difficulties Totem Tales (Crane) , cloth, $1.00. in our mdssionary organizations today which rest upon you can be any Fleming H. Revell. is a consciousness that we are part and greater than .the difficulties parcel of a great fellowship, linked which rested upon the noble men Junior Stewards of the Bible (Walup with other groups in like service and women who founded these lace), board, 75c. Fleming H. Reand with the same purpose for the one organizations with less adequate vell. cause-the spread of the Gospel. resources than you have, even Growing out of regret that there in this period of depression.' Off to China (Sweet), cloth, $1.00; should be any group, however small These words were not spoken paper, 75c. Friendship Press. or remote geographically from others, with reference to the work of which feels alone or discouraged, a our missionary organizations Windows into Alaska (Warner), plan has been proposed to have every but how applicable they are!" board, 75c. Friendship Press. adult organization in the land visited by some one not a member of that Not since the First Mission- Greatness Passing By (Hulda Niegroup-an ambassador bringing a ary sent out His disciples two by buhr) , cloth, $1.50. Scribner. message of friendliness and cheer … two has this plan of personal between Easter and the middle of visitation been improved upon as Additional books will be men- May. . . . We need to remind our- a Kingdom method. tioned later. selves that God's plan for realizing His purpose to share His Son with MISSIONARY READING A GOOD RECITATION the whole world has not changed. He FOR YOUNG PEOPLE has no other method for revealing His Was Tha.t Somebody You? Son than through the individual lives In line with the suggestions and personal efforts of His children. last month for missionary edu- Somebody made a monthly pledge You and I hasten or retard His pur- cation in the home, the following Testing his purse to utmost edge; pose and His plan as we give our- books are recommended as hav- Somebody paid it through the year, selves in devotion, service and sup- ing proved their merit and their Brightening the world with Christian port, or as we withhold such gifts. interest for youth: cheer. The volunteer vis ito r s- For the 'Teen Age Was that somebody you? doubtless carefully chosen with a view to fitness-are expected As It Looks to Young China (Hung), Somebody handed cheerfully in to prepare themselves in mind cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- Money to help God's cause to win. and heart for the task, familiar- ship Press. Somebody kept his promise to pay, izing themselves thoroughly with Writing his check on each scheduled material furnished as a guide to The Young Revolutionist (Buck) , their message so there may be cloth, $1.50; paper 75c. Mission- day. no sense of strain in delivering ary Education Move~nt. Was that somebody you? it. A letter is sent out to the president of each adult group The Boys' Life of Kit Carson (Sey- … … * … * … … … asking that he or she issue to the mour) ,,cloth, $2.00. Century Co. members of the group a call to Somebody's pledge was only a scrap, the observance of a special day One Girl's Influence (Speer), cloth, Paper that no value mayhap. of prayer for missions. Daily $1.00; paper, 75c. F. N. Andrews, Somebody's soul grew shriveled and intercession through the months Pub., Plainfield, N. J. of May and June is to be small; pledged. The visitors get into Girls Who Achieved (Kirkland), Failing, he grieved the Lord of all. personal touch with the groups cloth, $1.00. Harper Bros. Was that somebody you?

More Fireside Stories for Girls (Eg- Somebody let the year slip by, gleston), cloth, $1.25. Heedless of payments piling high. Somebody said, "No more delay; Quickly I'll settle that debt today." Was that somebody you?

– – – —An-onymous.

Jesus Christ, so full of life and love, is my closest Friend. His pierced hand is ever leading me on. He lives in the hearts of countless persons, transforming and ennobling their lives. And so with reverence I intro- duce to our eager, questing and strug- gling youth this Jesus whom I have come to know and love.-Kwan Hsi- pan, Canton Christian College, The Spirit of Missions.

'~I=================I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~'''''''''''''''''""~—–=-===—–=-=-========—–=-==—–=-=======I~ From tne New CMna. Simon Peter answered, Thou art Chinese seems very discourag- the Christ, the Son of the Living ing. About seven years ago there JESUS WASHES THE DISCIPLES' FEET God. John 13: 5-11 was in Greater New York a To make known the unique- total of fourteen Chinese Sun- Jesus said: This is my command- ness of the Way, the Truth and day schools, and of these three ment that ye love one another, even as the Life of Jesus is not the com- were missions with five regular I have loved you. plete story. His universality paid workers of which three needs equal consideration, espe- If ye know these things, blessed are cially in presenting Him to per- were ministers. In these Sunday ye if ye do them. sons who do not know Him, or schools there were about 600 or know Him only from hearsay. 700 already Christians. The To say to Orientals that the Everywhere we all are "set in average attendance was about Way of Jesus of Nazareth is families," and we can under- sixty per school. At the presunique is not enough. To be- stand the familiar or intimate ent time there are only eight lieve in Him as the very Son of ways and teachings, such as the God and Son of Man comes to washing of the disciples' feet, schools, three paid workers, one the persons and groups and peo- that is, we understand if we minister, and the school attendples who grow in the knowledge abide long enough with Him to ance averages about twenty-five of Him from year to year, as His win understanding. Most mis- at each. To make the picture teachings and life are tested by sionaries learn early in their complete, formerly there were the everyday experiences of liv- work that if the Truth and Life ing. To come to know Jesus as of Jesus are without hindrance also the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. Lord and Saviour of Life is the and with patience presented in C. A. and the kindergarten for fruitage of true discipleship. a whole-hearted and whole- children. The Y. M. C. A. was But who say ye that I am? And minded way, He is understood dissolved seven or eight years and loved for His own sake by ago, while the latter two stopped intellectual and simple-minded last year. At a glance the Chi- alike. nese Christian work does seem Jesus belongs to the Orientals degressive. Let us trace some and other "strangers" in our causes for this degression. midst as much as to Americans. The old Holiness Code, which A few years after the World was part of the heritage of War, business in general was Jesus, recorded: "The stranger that sojourneth with you shall very active and the Chinese res- be unto you as the home-born taurants in New York were do- among you, and thou shalt love ing their share, thereby attract- him as thyself; for ye were so- ing many Chinese to this city to journers in the land of Egypt: work. With the depression I am Jehovah your God." hardship came to many and the Chinese are no exception. In Chinese Christian Missions in 1924 the passage of certain im- New York City migration bills put an iron door By K. C. YEUNG against many would-be Oriental newcomers to America. The so- Pastor, Huie Kin Memorial Presby- called anti-Christian movement terian Church, New York in China in 1922, the depression, and the opening of private Eng- In this period of world-wide lish classes during the last three economic depression the Chris- or four years by individuals to tian work among the New York earn a living, give some light as [302 ] to the decrease of the number of Chinese in New York and corre- spondingly also the Christian work. In these times of depres- sion with the high cost of living,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

many were forced to return to generously contributed toward stripes overhead, I was taught China. Christian mission work in China to sing of the "land of the free Notwithstanding the condi- will reserve part of their fund and the home of the brave." For tions we are in today, we should for use for Chinese Christian all alike, this El Dorado of the not be discouraged; Chinese work in New York. New World was held out as a Christians who are with us now land of practically limitless op- are not discouraged. Take for portunity.

example in our church, the mem- Books and teachers alone are bers bear $700 extra in addition not responsible for my illusions.

to the regular expense during The entire world today finds in the year. The Chinese Chris- Hollywood a most prolific source tian Union of Greater New of "information." Its products, York, which was disbanded sev- exported abroad in ever increas- eral years ago, was reestablished ing quantities, are for some peo- in 1933. Chen Woo, who was a ple the only means through laundryman, started a mission which they acquire their "knowl- when he went back to China. It edge" of America.

now has 180 scholars and an at- Other purveyors of American tendance of approximately 300 enlightenment there are, besides.

for service. Some members of At home, I came in contact with the Trust God Mission went back missionaries, business men, army to China and started missions. and navy people, tourists and Two other members of our others. Each group presents a church sent funds home to sup- different portrait of American port Mass Education for Adults. life.

These signs are encouraging and When, therefore, I landed on fruitful. these shores, I had in my mind a As I see it, the Chinese Chris- rather complex, uncertain pic- tian work needs some kind of a ture. That it needed consider- "new deal" in order to keep able retouching in many places, abreast with the time. Jesus I soon found out.

the fisherman knows that to fish In the realm of human rela- He must go to the streams where tions, there is perhaps no place there are fishes. He should have MRS. P. C. OUYUGAN in the world where a wider and the necessary equipment as well Jottings from a Foreign Stu- more successful experiment has as Himself, the fisherman. In been tried than in the United dent's Experiences and New York Chinatown are lo- States. This nation has truly Observations cated most of the Chinese busi- been a fruitful laboratory for the ness houses and on Sundays, By ESPERANZA ABELLERA testing of the Christian principle Chinese from neighboring com- regarding the essential equality munities invariably flock to CUYUGAN of all peoples and the oneness of Chinatown-a very good stream the human family. From the Mrs. P. C. Cuyugan is President of the Filipino Women's Club or New York. Mr. beginning it was destined to be and Mrs. Cuyugan were trained for Chris- so. True, the melting-pot has for fishing. , tian leadership by missionaries in the Philip- never really melted, and perhaps will never melt. The test, never- .In general the Chinese in New pines. Both have been students at Columbia theless, has not proved to be University. They are leaders in the Fili- a failure. York as well as in other parts of pino church of Brooklyn. Absorbed in his own affairs, this country are different from Countries and peoples are th'e rugged American individualwhat they used to be. Their never exactly as they are pic- ist shut himself up in a shell of thinking mind is different. They tured in books. They are not have had better education than even: as painted on canvas. Cer- isolation. What need did he have their parents. They have seen tainly they are not as portrayed how aggression is being applied on the screen. This I find to be upon China. New York China- true, at least in my own experitown is not the proper place to ences. My conclusions are a re- to know the others around him? receive this new generation of sult of some seven years of ob- He forced upon himself a dan- Chinese. "Fishing equipment" servation in America. gerous provincialism.

in the form of a church with As a girl in Philippine schools, What could these foreigners Y. M. C. A. activities near run in the English (United want except to take away from Chinatown, it seems to me, States American) manner and him much of the fruits of his lawould be the most ideal means tradition, I had my illusions bors, undermine his hard-earned to serve the present needs. about America. Through his- prosperity, and drive him to a Before concluding I wish to tory and literature, I learned low standard of living? At first express the hope that some of much about these great United it just did not occur to him that the American friends who so States. With the Stars-and- the student, the business man,

the artisan, came not only to gone I have found individuals Personal Problems of Foreign take but also to give. He was and groups who, because of a Students in America oblivious of the fact that these surprisingly appalling lack of Except from article by Joseph same foreigners were his collab- knowledge of the Islands and the Van Vleck, Jr.

orators in building up the ma- people, have consistently op- The foreign student in Amerterial prosperity he now enjoys. ica is a phenomenon as old as posed our emancipation from the our oldest colleges, but it is only Instances of racial discrimina- United States. I have found, during the past twenty-five years tion are numerous. It is a mat- too, that these people, when that his great significance for ter of common knowledge that properly informed about us and certain minority groups suffer our nat ion a 1 aspiration, are international education has been more from this than others. nearly always in favor of Philip- truly recognized.

Metropolitan centers are ex- pine freedom. . . . But there Beginning with the twentieth cellent schools in the study of are evidences that the American century the number of students race relations. -New York City, people as a whole are becoming coming from Oriental lands despite its cosmopolitanism and more world-minded, a happy steadily increased until during its democratic atmosphere, is 1917 to 1922 the maximum an- augury for the future, to be sure.

one outstanding example, partic- Helping to counteract these nual enrolment in the United ularly in the sense that the so- misunderstandings, which arise States was approximately 2,000 called equality of opportunity from a general lack of knowl- Japanese, 2,500 Chinese, and does not truly exist for all races. edge of my country, has been one 1,800 Filipinos. of my great opportunities since The post-war period saw a Exclusion laws against cer- coming to this wonderful land. significant immigration of Eurotain races are found in the statutes of a number of states. The I am a proud and grateful pean students to America, espefederal government itself is no beneficiary of many American cially from France, Russia and exception. They all have the institutions. The memory and Germany. The total enrolment possession of all these I count – of foreign students in the United same basis: racial discrimina- among my choicest blessings. States last year was a little over tion. It is a wonder that the relations of this country with In reciting the foregoing ex- 8,000; judging from census rethose nations is as friendly as periences and observations, I do turns already received from 50 not feel that I should offer any per cent of the colleges and uniit is. Few things can be as unpleas- apology for any undue emphasis versities, the total this year ant to one whose complexion is I may have given the various (1933) will not exceed 7,500. They represent one hundred difother than white as experiences points illustrated. I will say, ferent countries and are pursuone frequently undergoes look- ing a great variety of studies; ing around in search of a room however, that in writing the ar- a majority still continues in arts or apartment. As is customary, "ads" are inserted in the news- ticle I never for one moment and letters; in the professional papers and the "vacancy" sign course, engineering, agriculture, prominently displayed. These thought of discrediting America notwithstanding, the bell is and her institutions. Rather, it medicine, and education lead in nearly always answered with: popularity in the order named. is my purpose to bring out the "The place has just been let out," It would be difficult to exag- "I rented the room just now," fact that, like any other nation, gerate the vital meaning of stu- "The rent is so much" (an amount double or treble the ac- America is a nation of human dent migrations to the cause of tual price is usually quoted), or, m u t u a I understanding and "We take only white people in beings; that, therefore, she friendship. In the Orient today here." Otherwise, without as American-trained nationals are much as a word, following a should be so understood and ap- dominant in the spread of Westquick, scrutinizing look from ern ideas of education, public praised by those who, like me, health, recreation, and social the landlady or superintendent, welfare. Similarly, foreign stuthe door is slammed in one's might have the privilege of sharface. dents in America have inter- ing in her life at its best-in preted to us the life and prob- Illustrative of the fact that those things that it has to offer lems of their people; with the ignorance is largely responsible for the enrichment of mankind. utmost frankness they are point- I am, in other words, pleading for amity and understanding ing out the weaknesses and among the peoples of the world. I want to see a wider and fuller application of the teachings of the Great Master of men who said: for a great deal of misunder- "Now are they members, yet blunders of our civilization in its standing between nations is the but one body. That there should impact on the rest of the world. attitude that again and again I be no schism in the body; but If world-unity and peace are have observed among all classes that the members should have ever to be realized we may count of Americans toward, for in- the same care for another. And on the foreign student as an instance, my country. For nearly whether one member suffer, all dispensable factor in the attainfour decades the Philippines the members suffer with it; one ment of such a goal. have been under American sov- member honored, all the mem- For further information, consult Commitereignty. Yet everywhere I have bers reioice with it." tee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

AMERICA tion to inner circles of the White largest Protestant church

House and Capitol. Men, wom- earth. It is the Abyssinian Student Religion en, laymen and ministers signed church, which has a membership and asked to be permitted to take of more than 11,000 and recently In regard to the religious sit- the covenant to others. celebrated its 125th anniversary. uation on American college campuses The Christian Century The movement has grown -Watchman-Examiner. says: "Whatever happens to the quietly, yet rapidly, until it is nature of college students' belief now known as The Christian Sixtieth Anniversary of the percentage of church mem- Crusade, with an office in Wash- Rescue Work bership holds up well during col- ington. This is the simple but lege years. Fifty-five per cent of vital covenant: Donaldina Cameron and her graduate students claim church rescue of Chinese slave girls inmembership as compared with Believing Jesus Christ to be the spired a celebration at the fa- 60 per cent of freshmen. A only Lord and Saviour and Supreme mous Home in San Francisco on study of the responses of the Revealer of God-Father of us all-I May 3. Miss Cameron's biog- 2,789 college students who once promise henceforth during this year rapher prepared the manuscript attended religious services but to live a simple, sincere, active Chris- for a dramatic presentation in had ceased to do so, reveals that tian life, realizing with God's help the First Presbyterian Church 54 per cent stopped before ar- fellowship with Christ, and to encour- on May 4, entitled "Pictured riving at college. Thirty-seven age others in a league of daily prayer; Years." A Chinatown banquet per cent stopped because their and I will endeavor each day to read sponsored by the young people interest was not held by the ac- and meditate upon the Holy Scrip- was a part of the celebration tivities of the churches, and 33 tures, and at least once a week make honoring the 60th anniversary per cent because they did not be- a personal effort to encourage or draw of the beginning of this work. lieve the things that were taught s·omeone nearer to Christ. Miss Cameron has been active there." during more than half this pe- Many Feeble Churches riod, and is commonly credited These facts are drawn from with having rescued 1,500 girls. 7,500 questionnaires returned "There are at least 85,000 from the 15,000 distributed in feeble churches in the United Gangdom Strength the twelve institutions. Since 90 States which are unable to supper cent of students questioned port the full-time services of In a statement before the have retained their belief in God, either a trained or an untrained United States Senate Judiciary and 60 per cent "considered minister," says the Institute for Committee, Attorney – General themselves religious" it appears Social and Religious Research. Cummings said that the armed that the dropping away from "The data indicate that a church forces of gangdom outnumber church membership and attend- must have about 350 members in the 200,000 men in the army and ance does not meaD loss of be- order adequately to support a navy. He estimates that the lief in God. well-trained minister. Only 12 armament of crime, in revolvers, or 13 per cent of Protestant machine guns, and sawed-off Leaders Read the Signs churches meet this demand." shotguns, exceeds the total arms equipment of America's soldiers Forty professional men, real- The report further states that and sailors.-Alliance Weekly. izing the serious condition in our there are in Protestant pastornational life and believing there ates as many trained ministers Student Gospel Teams must be a changed attitude to- as there are churches that can ward God and His program for support them. This means that The Moody Bible Institute in the country, have covenanted to- there is a large oversupply of Chicago has revived the practice gether in a league of prayer and untrained men-40,000 to 50,000 of putting out student gospel personal work. Their own expe- of them in 1930. This serves to teams, and during the spring rerience became marvelous, revolu- perpetuate the number of feeble cess five or six such teams visittionary, and their lives more and inadequate churches and ed Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, effective. This small circle soon keeps the level of the ministry Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri. grew to thousands. It ran into "about equal to the wages of This activity was in addition to all walks of life and carried the semi-skilled workers." regular church, mission and vismessage for spiritual regenera- iting work by students in and -The World Call.

Largest Protestant Church A Negro Baptist church in New York City claims to be the [305 ]

around Chicago. Each group Facts About Hispaniola Kom, situated not far from the consisted of a speaker, a vocalist, archeological site of Chichen It- In Hispaniola (the new name za. In this village all practical an instrumentalist, and in some for Haiti) education is in gen- activities are closely associated cases vocal groups. As many as with magical and religious ob- eral in the hands of the Roman servances. These, in turn, are seventy-five churches or pastors Catholic Church. French teach- curiously compounded of simpliwelcomed the idea as a move- ing Orders have it in charge. fied Christian rituals and the ment that would revive commu- The great mass of the population pagan religion practised by annities, and promote the saving cient temple – building Mayas. of souls. The Institute hopes to is unschooled and must be so, for Superstitious remnants of the enlarge the scope of the work there is scant opportunity to be past are inextricably mingled during the summer and, if pos- anything else. The Episcopal with modern ideas and ways. sible, to make it a permanent Church has twelve day schools, Peru's Bible Convention feature of student training. with 1,100 pupils, but this is in a population of 2,500,000, 85 per The annual Bible Convention and Synod of the Iglesia Evan- Living Epistles cent of the number being illit- gelica Peruana (Peruvian Evan- erate. gelical Church) was held last year at an altitude of 15,000 feet, An American Christian went Rev. George L. Richardson, in Morococha, one of the best known mining centers of Peru. into a Chinese restaurant in To- D.D., R e c tor of All Saints' Here is one of the strongest ronto to eat his lunch and en- Church, Peterborough, N. H., groups of believers in the whole of Peru, who have been the gaged the Chinese waiter in con- made a four-day visit to the means of spreading the Gospel throughout this region. Many versation. Happening to have a island, and reports: serranos come in search of work in the mines and find light fc;>r copy of the Gospel of John pub- It is the largest of our foreign mis- their souls; they, in turn, belished by the Scripture Distribu- sions in point of baptized members; come Gospel bearers as they re- turn to their pueblos. tion League, he passed it on to The work is so well established in the favor of the government that the At this Convention, the Christhe Chinese waiter with the re- . Bishop was recently awarded a deco- tians, with some hundred and quest that he read it. The man ration in recognition of eminent serv- fifty others, forty of whom were official delegates from nearly as accepted it with thanks and read ices rendered to the people of the many congregations, filled the the cover aloud,which states- Republic; Government School Hall, loaned The President and his Cabinet still by the municipality. It was ap- "His Triumph, The Greatest further testified their appreciation of parent that these workers had Conflict in History"-as evi- our Church's work by attending offi- come to realize fully their re- sponsibility for the expansion, dence he could read English. He cially the Thanksgiving Day service government and support of their promised to read the booklet and of 1933; Church. Toward this goal new The clergy serve for stipends of steps were taken, one of the most asked the customer if he went to from $40 to $60 a month (now subject important b~ing the appointment Sunday school. Receiving a re- to ten per cent reduction) and minis- of a Synod Board formed by na- tionals only, who will look after ply in the affirmative he seemed ter to three or four stations apiece; the advancement of the Gospel in pleased and brought in the soup. and this section of their country, Hispaniola in spite of the poverty of with as little financial help as Before that course was finished its people paid in full its missionary possible from foreign sources. he was back at his elbow, and in quota last year. -The Neglected Continent. his broken English again in- -The Living Church. Peru's Youth Movement quired if he went to Sunday A band of young men and school, as though he had not The Maya Civilization women in Peru, called the heard aright. When he was told "Apra" has all the glamor of a yes, with reproach in his voice, In the Smithsonian Institution crusade. Their leader, Haya de he said: "But you did not say at Washington is an exhibition la Torre, for fifteen years has of Maya fabrics and tools of fought to weld together the youth your grace." and the disinherited of the land -Evangelical Christian. present-day manufacture – ob- for the purification and the re- jects which probably do not dif- LATIN AMERICA fer essentially from those of 500 Mexican Women's Auxiliary years ago. The collection shows that the culture of the modern An entire issue of El Heraldo, Mayas has deteriorated very lita Mexican church paper, is de- tle during the centuries since voted to the Mexican Women's their greatness, and that they Auxiliary. This Protestant Epis- are not to be thought of as a discopal organization has commit- appearing remnant of a once- tees on religious education, so- great people. They are today in cial service, supply work and the a curious process of evolution, press, all of which report work passing from old tribal customs and plans. The paper has an ar- through man y intermediate ticle on the Auxiliary as a force stages into a state resembling in deepening religious life, and cosmopolitan civilization. Yet another on definite plans for the some of the tribal groups are coming year. Two points are still in the most primitive stage. stressed: to propagate the faith A community about halfway and to give money. between these stages is Chan

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

demption of their country. Back gelical believers representing all estant weekly, gives in every isof the movement is a purpose bra n c h e s of the Christian sue a list of the Sunday services profoundly religious. Haya was Church, and bearing testimony held in Paris. A late issue has educated in a Presbyterian to "The Holy Scriptures as the the address of no less than fiftyschool, and while he could hard- fully inspired and wholly trust- nine Reformed Churches with ly be classed as orthodox, he worthy revelation of God to the names of the pastors and the owes much to the things learned men," and to the great evangel- hours of service; twenty-four in that school. Catholics, Prot- ical doctrines. Lutheran churches; thirteen estants and non-believers work The Fellowship, in planning Methodist and Baptist centers of together in the Apra. There is a their Conference in London last worship; in addition there are willingness to sacrifice; a sense month, sent out the following of- twelve mission centers of the of mission and destiny. ficial call: Salvation Army and other evan- The Apristas propose to re- The undersigned believe that in our gelizing agencies, and ten places make the social and economic day a Testimony to the Holy Scrip- for Reunions de Priere. In addilife of Peru, safeguarding the tures is urgently needed, which shall tion Protestant services are con- aim to recall the world's attention to ducted in the German, English, rights of the lowliest Indian, and the Bible and seek to reestablish Armenian, Danish, Dutch, Hunassuring the finest privileges of among all people a reverent regard the nation to all alike. The Apra claims to number among its con- for the Book as being the Message of garian, Swedish, Russian and stituents fully eighty per cent of Rumanian languages. God to men. , the population of Peru, and its -The Presbyterian. bitterest opponents do not deny We feel that such work will lead to that today Apra could easily win a new and sustained interest in the Finnish Mission Society any fair election. Barring un- Bible, and to such a great response to The seventy-fifth anniversary foreseen accidents, Haya de la of the Finnish Mission Society its Message as shall result in spiritual has just been celebrated. The blessing and moral uplift both to the individual and to the nations.

The Bible Testimony Fellowship is therefore calling a Conference from Torre may be the next president which will go forth a clear and power- -Advance. ful call to the world to return to that origin of the society runs along of Peru. reverence for the Bible, which shall lines similar to that of the mis- result in earnest reading, belief in its sions of the neighboring Scandi- EUROPE saving claims and obedience to its in- navian countries, and is closely Clearing Away Slums valuable teaching. connected with the awakening England is resolved to get rid -So S. Times. which swept over Finland in 1830 and the years following. of its slums. Plans already pro- Wesleyan Mission, London About that time two pastors who visionally accepted by the government provide for the demoli- No city mission has so varied represented separate viewpoints tion of 266,851 unfit houses, and so numerous agencies as the in regard to matters of converinhabited by 1,240,182 people, London Mission of English Wes- sion and a prominent layman beand for the building of 285,189 new houses to replace those de- leyans. There are eighty-six cen- came acquainted with Dr. Jo- molished; and it is anticipated ters where mission work is being hannes Gossner, who himself that the program will be further extended. The capital cost is es- carried on in poor and crowded was destined later to lay the timated at £165,000,000, equivalent to an annual payment of sections, areas where once state- foundation of a great mission in £3,100,000 by the government ly mansions have now become India.

and of £1,070,000 by the local sordid tenements. One of the When the 700th anniversary authorities concerned. Manches- ministries is a "Cripples Guild" ; of the introduction of Christianter proposes to clear 15,000 slum dwellings, and Liverpool, 11,000. another, rest centers for unem- ity in Finland was observed in Leeds has the largest program, ployed. It was fou,nd tha~ men the churches, the government involving 30,000 houses. The came each mormng wIthout. granted permission to raise an government proposes to introduce a further Housing Bill this breakfast in order to leave what offering for missions in all of the fall, giving local authorities new powers to acquire, compulsorily, little food their cupboards held churches. At last the time was property for reconditioning. for wives and children. Accord- ripe to found a missionary ,so- -The Advance. ingly, 50,000. breakfasts were ciety and, with the cooperation served to chIldren, and thou- of men who are famous in their san~s sent with their mothers to country, the Senate authorized seaSIde or country. the founding of such a society There is also a rescue work for on Jan. 19, 1859. girls, led by a ~oman. 80 years It took ten years before the of. age; there IS med~cal work first Christians could be baptized WIth five doctors, two dIspensers, -but in 1920 a mass movement and nurses 'working ful~ time. World Wide Bible Testimony -So S. Ttmes. began and in the year before 474 people were baptized. In The Fraternal Union for Bible Protestant Strength in Paris 1932 the number of accessions Testimony, which later became amounted to 2,106. In the first The Bible Testimony Fellowship, Paris has Protestant Sunday 50 years the members were 4,- was organized in London in service in 138 places. Le Chris- 798 but in the last report there 1923. This is a union of evan- tianisme an XX Siecle, a Prot- were more than 28,000. The 80-

ciety has 16 stations with 198 Greece, Rumania, Yugoslavia are spending their days in fields preaching points, 50 ordained and Bulgaria. All have endured or factories, laboring to provide missionaries, together with 284 centuries of Turkish oppression, daily necessities. This lessens native workers. yet have preserved their nation- their pastoral and pulpit effec- al and religious life. Now, as a tiveness, and prevents extension The society has extended its result of the rapid penetration of work in surrounding territory. work to Hunan province, China, Western secularized civilization, organized in 1902. There are 4 and new conditions created by . -The Macedonian Call. main stations with 34 additional political and social changes, they points. The ·number of Chris- are all experiencing transition AFRICA tians is 1,800. The society also and readjustment. Under Turkcarries on a mission among the ish rule, missionary zeal was al- Five Converts to Islam Jews in Bukowina. most entirely annihilated among Balkan Christians, whose inter- The following item appeared Paganism in Germany ests were so thoroughly concen- in a recent issue of an Arabic trated upon national liberation newspaper published in Cairo: While some nationalists in that the life of the Church be- "Five C h r is t ian Egyptians Germany are seeking to restore came almost completely identi- (whose names are listed) went old Teuton pagan worship, Sir fied by them with the life of the to the Shareia Court of Shebim Philip Gibbs believes that the nation, to the detriment of the el Kom and announced their conmajority of Germans are hostile universal character of the Chris- version to Islam. The proper to the attempt by Dr. Alfred tian message. But the great pro- legal steps were taken and their Rosenberg to reinstate the old portion of the people remained names changed." German gods. Protestant and faithful to 0 r tho d 0 x y, al- Catholic churches are said to be though communism and anti- "Religious liberty" is guarancrowded as never before, and Sir religious sentiment began to teed in Egypt's Constitution, but Philip believes that any frontal penetrate after the War. The it works only one way-liberty attack on religion in Germany Brotherhood of St. Paul distrib- for Christians to become Moswill be a most dangerous policy utes religious literature, organ- lems. Last summer when it was for the Nazis, and will lead them izes conferences, retreats and discovered that influences were to the precipice. schools, gives special attention to being brought by missionaries to young people. A new organiza- convert a Moslem girl to Chris- A Wholesome Requirement tion, "The Mission of the Greek tianity, the whole country was in Church," makes its main object an uproar which lasted four A law which might spare us to counteract communist propa- months.-Hermann A. Lum. much anxiety and trouble is in ganda.-The Living Church. effect in Bulgaria. No child who Training for Baptism attends school in the grammar Along Polish-Russian Border grades or high school may see a Young African tribesmen are picture unless accompanied by For almost a quarter of a cen- not admitted to the Church in parents, except when a picture tury efforts have been put forth Liberia without careful training. proves to be of historical or lit- to evangelize and train in Chris- A class of forty "hearers" was erary value. Then the Ministry tian doctrines the people along recently formed, to be under of Education approves the pic- the Polish – Russian b 0 r d e r. regular instruction for a year ture and it is advertised that Against every sort of difficulty before they are made catechuschool children of certain ages and opposition this labor has mens, and another period of may attend. If a child is seen in prospered, until there has re- training before they are bapany picture house without his sulted an indigenous Church of tized. parent, and the picture has not Christ ministering to native peobeen approved by the Ministry ple in their own tongue. It is A simple and dignified ritual of Education, that child's con- organized as the Union of in keeping with native customs duct grade may be lowered one Churches of Christ and has the marks their admission as hearor more points. If it is lowered official recognition of the Polish ers, the earliest stage. The quesbut one point the student is government. Dr. K. J. Jarosze- tions they are asked are these, barred from entering the Uni- wicz is president of the Union. translated into two languages: versity at Sofia. However, this It already has over 200 estabpoint may be regained before lished mission churches and ov~r What do you want? (The answer, graduation from high school by 300 ministers, missionaries and I want God's cross.) good behavior. volunteer workers engaged in its activities. In normal times the Will you promise to keep God's -Christian Advocate. Union could be self-supporting laws? and carryon its own extension The Greek Church in Balkans program, but the membership is Will you promise not to use pagan having a struggle even to exist. charms? The Orthodox Church in the Many of the best missionaries Balkans consists of four self- Will you promise not to use divinagoverning churches, those of tion, nor to obey a diviner?

Will you promise not to sacrifice to spirits, and if others sacrifice meat, will you promise not to eat that meat?

Will you promise to have one wife only (or husband), to be faithful, and not to follow any other?

Will you promise to pray to God every day, to come to church on Sun- day, and to come when they call you to hear God's word?

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Expansion in Nigeria bility rests almost wholly on Af- to read in church, how to pre- rican chiefs, and natives who pare and preach a sermon, and The Sudan United Mission appreciate what is being done. how to look after the church and opened four new stations in Ni- church compound from a sanigeria last year. It has now 40 Training classes are held annual- tary point of view. Every evestations reaching 50 tribes. A lyon a forty-acre site given by ning the lay readers were renotable feature of its work is quired to talk personally to the the increased share taken by the Accra chiefs to the Scout Asso- people of Aviara on the Chrispeople themselves, making itin- ciation four years ago. A month- tian life; and at week-ends they erations on their own account ly magazine is published. went to village churches of the district, preaching, doing per- -The Church Overseas. sonal visiting and holding serv- ices. -C. M. S. Outlook. and building churches. That at A Century in Basutoland Forum holds some 500 people. Seeing Things as They Are In the last seven years 46 new The Paris Missionary Society Baptist missionary Charles E. Smith, from the newest Baptist stations have been opened. The is celebrating 100 years' work in station, Kikongo, makes the situ- ation vivid by comparison: Bishop of the Niger reports that Basutoland, its oldest field. In "What would you say to havin 1932 the church contributions 1933 the number of baptisms in- ing only two pastors for Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island and Conrose from £43,689 to £50,082. creased to 3,000. The average for necticut; or eight pastors for each of the states of Michigan, Communicants increased from former years was about 2,000. Illinois and Wisconsin; or but twenty for the whole of Califor- 17,350 to 19,450, but paid work- During the last ten years Roman nia? Supposethat there were no paved roads, no automobiles, but ers dropped from 1,645 to 1,582. Catholics have increased by 205,- just narrow winding paths; then suppose that each of these pas- He deplores that the great bulk 000. Three hundred and fifty tors had not only to look after the interest of the churches in of the people are still pagan and new mission stations have been these areas, but the educational work as well, including the suthat many of the Christians opened among the natives with pervision of 203 outpost schools; and the feeding, clothing and inshow little zeal in evangelistic 40 churches for the Europeans. struction of 280 central school pupils, to say nothing of the conwork. The presence in South Africa of struction and repair of buildings and the upkeep of property. Sup- There is a movement toward a large Indian population-some pose, in addition, the wife of one of these pastors was responsible unity in Nigeria. One step in have come to Natal under a sys- for the health of the station family of 487 people (workmen, this direction was the formation tem of indentured labor, and school children and all) and thousands of others within a of the "United Mission of South- have not been repatriated as had radius of six days' journey."

ern Provinces" in 1929. originally been intended; others -Watchman-Examiner.

are "Bombay traders" (mostly Villagers Ask for a Missionary One Hundredfold Mohammedans) who are to be A few years ago four men from an African village walked Mrs. M. L. Hack of the Amer- found in many towns and vil- eighty miles through the bush to the nearest mission station to ican Board tells of a Chindau lages – has created a special ask if their village, too, might have a missionary. They had girl who was sold three times by problem. . been sent as a deputation by their chief and the people of her heathen father. Then she ran The people of South Africa their village; they humbly prof- fered their request, then walked away, walking 200 miles to Mt. are looking for a name for them- the eighty miles home again. Until recently this request has Silinda School, East Africa. She selves. "African" is an inaccu- had to remain unfulfilled. At the became the first girl teacher in rate designation, since it calls a an out-station school; she broke part by the name of the whole.

native superstitions and under- The term "Bantu," though it went the first major operation m~a~s merely "t~e people," is performed in her part of the I gammg the ~eld. m mtepectual ccaomunetrsyh·~ when the depression groups lainndgusiCsIteicntIdfiecssitgund~Iteis?,nanodf volunteered to keep on is the teaching "God's work" without the language of the maJorIty of pay. She has now taken into her t~e peoples of larger ~out? Afhome a two year old motherless rIca. – World Evangel2zatwn..

child to bring up, and she faces Isoko's Lay Readers a second serious operation.

-American Board News. A group of lay readers has Boy Scouts on Gold Coast been commissioned by the bishop in the Isoko country, to conduct The Boy Scout Movement has services, exercise pastoral over- made remarkable progress on sight, and hold classes in and for the Gold Coast. There are now their churches.. There are now 32 Scout centers and over 3,000 between fifty and sixty of these officers and scouts. More impor- men doing effective work. Rev.

tant than the numbers is the J. W. Hubbard has given them a spread of the Scout spirit, and short training course in the Old the enthusiasm with w h i c h and New Testaments, the use of young Africans lead their troops. the Isoko Prayer Book, and sim- Very few Europeans have any ple doctrine based on the Apos- part in the work; the responsi- tles' Creed. It also included how

conference of Moravian Missions the packed human cargo was tical action, planning finance, at Tabora last fall a plan was worked out for the beginning hurried off to Arabia for sale dioceses and adjustments of orand maintenance of outstations in three places, with a start to- and dispersal over the face of ganizations, but it should be reward a fourth. The cost of each new place will be about £20 for the desert." membered that this is the first the first year, and a smaller sum for each following year. INDIA union between episcopal and -Moravian Missions. nonepiscopal churches which has WESTERN ASIA United Evangelism ever been planned, and that in many lands people are watching In the Holy Land Madras has for the first time and discussing it, for the reper- witnessed the united efforts of Palestine has twenty – three the Indian Church in evangel- cussions of such a union will be Protestant missionary organiza- ism. During the week of Janu- felt in every Protestant church. tions, with a number of inde- ary 7-14 a program, prayerfully In view of the .diversity of trapendent forces in addition. Ro- planned for months in advance, ditions, a union may require man Catholic work is chiefly was put into effect, e. g., to bring years of cautious consideration. among Armenians, Abyssinians, Copts, Nestorians and Jacobites. a Christian greeting into every Indian Revisers of Bible The whole number of mission- home in Madras by a personal aries is 232. In Jerusalem, with Indian Christians are taking a population of 90,407, there are visit; to distribute to each home an increasing share in translasixteen missionary societies with a tract or pamphlet suitable to 105 missionaries, making one the standard of the people; and tions of the Bible into their own missionary for 861 persons. language. The chief reviser, and The r e are fifty Protestant to invite to, and to conduct, spe- most of the group which preschools with 4,281 pupils. Spir- cial meetings with lantern slides, pared a recent revision of the itual work leading to Christian lyrical preaching and lectures in conversions is extremely diffi- public halls and reading rooms. Bible in Urdu were Indians. The cult. The Moslems number 73 revisers of the version in Gujaper cent of the population, and This work was divided among rati are mostly those dealing the Jews 17 per cent. Any Mos- four local groups. Volunteer with their mother tongue; their lem becoming a Christian loses his family, social, political and workers came forward from all leader, Himmatal, is connected business standing. There are the churches. In order to meet with the Irish Presbyterian Missaid to be only twenty – five the special needs of non-Chris- sion Press. In Marathi, Rao Baknown Moslem converts in all tian students, a professor pre- Palestine. pared a special salutation and hadur Athavle has published an independent translation of the Slavery Today 7,000 copies of this were circu- New Testament which has won lated among college students in much praise. Pandita Ramabai The Nautical Magazine for the city. The press was also last December describes a mod- used. Articles appeared in The had made an earlier version in ern slaveship seen crossing the Madras Mail and The Hindu the same tongue. The Bible in Red Sea in August. "A fast and during that week. Christian or-· Nepali is chiefly due to the late beautiful dhow making the ganizations like the Y. M. C. A. Rev. Ganga Prashad Pradhan of crossing from Africa to Arabia had some accident to her hal- and S. C. A. also had their part the Church of Scotland Mission liards, which brought down the to play, and cooperated with the who spent most of his long life mainsail. A liner came along- churches. From reports of vari- upon this great work. side, and the officers had the op- ous groups a hearty welcome portunity of seeing a thing -World Evangelization. usually hidden by the darkness of night-a modern slave-ship was accorded the plan. Many Uplift for Outcasts fully loaded. There appeared to be between two and three hun- were found eager to receive the An interesting development is dred Negroes seated in rows on message. in the number of Hindu agencies benches on the dhow with their ankles fastened to the flooring. Church Union Lags which are working for the uplift of the outcastes. Two eclectic "The liner's wireless sent out . Negotiations for the union of groups-the Brahmo Samaj and the news of the slaver's location to the Red Sea guard ship; the Anglican and free churches in the Ramakrishna Mission, which dhow repaired its halyards and South India which started in try to combine what they believe 1919 are being continued, but to be good in Hinduism, Islam progress is slow. The joint com- and Christianity-are taking ac- mittee of representatives official- tive measures to provide schools ly appointed by the Anglican for the depressed classes. The Church, the United Church of Brahmo Samaj is carrying on South India and the Methodist nearly 500 schools of different Church met in Madras last Feb- grades, and the Ramakrishna ruary, to consider the modifica- Mission has some 90 centers in tions suggested in the scheme of all parts of India in which it is union by the central bodies of undertaking social and religious the three negotiating churches. work. The large and influential There is impatience in some Arya Samaj, with nearly a mil- quarters that the committee has lion members, has placed the re- not yet got down to more prac- moval of untouchability among

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

its main objectives. The Hindu were drilling a policeman arrest- Why Names Are Changed Mission began work in 1925 defi- ed him. He supposed he would nitely with the aim of stemrn.ing be treated as Sadhu Sundar Much confusion as to names of the tide of conversions to Chris- Singh had been, but was re- mission stations has naturally tianity among outcaste and abo- leased. In each place visited, he arisen when Lanchow became riginal peoples. distributes tracts and Gospels. Kaolan, Hanchung became Nan- cheng, and Hangchow became In contrast with this construc- "Preach the Lord Jesus" Hanghsien, to mention only a .tive work is the "Self-Respect few of the changes. The expla- Movement," which is largely de- The Hyderabad District of the nation is, however, simple. After structive. It condemns the social Methodist Church reports the and religious evils of Hinduism, following advance for 1933 : the establishment of the Repuband by scorn and satire endeav- Over 1,400 young men joined in lic in 1911 it was decided to ors to undermine them. The an evangelistic campaign to 690 abolish the old system of admincaste system, child marriage, the villages. Caste people w ere istration by which certain cities power of the Brahmans, and the greatly impressed by the bold called "fu" and "chow" had juoppression of the untouchables, witness of these outcaste youths. risdiction over a number of other are abuses which the movement Adults received into the Chris- cities which were designated desires to banish from Indian tian Church numbered 1,981. A life.-The Church Overseas. baptized Christian community "hsien," and to reduce them all to one level as "hsien," or coun- ties. Thus it became an anomaly Gandhi Warns Missionaries has grown to 89,882 in 55 years to designate the "fu" and the since the Mission was started in "chow" by names which recalled Mahatma Gandhi is reported 1879. Caste inquirers pleaded: their fallen grandeur. Fortuby the Free Press of Bombay as "Sirs, preach the Lord Jesus. We saying: "I believe in the equal- never get tired of Him. The nately, all these cities had also a ity of all the great religions of more we hear of Him the more "hsien" name, k now n well the world, and from my very we desire to be with Him." enough to the people in that disearly days I have learned to trict, though not universally honor other religions as I honor . -Dnyanodaya. throughout China, and in 1933, my own religion, and have no difficulty at all in inviting and CHINA after a period of transition, taking the cooperation of organ- these "hsien" names were defiizations that belong to other reli- Shanghai's Record Year nitely adopted by the Chinese gions." Post Office, and will gradually Shanghai now stands the sec- supplant "fu" and "chow" names ond diocese of the Episcopal altogether.-China's Millions.

Referring to the untouchables Church in China in numbers, The Challenge of Christianity he said: "There is a wrong way having a total of 9,378 baptized of giving help; I am painfully Christians. Total contributions Dr. T. Z. Koo, who is closely aware of that: that is, when of $52,000 again exceed all pre- identified with the Christian Stuyour friends come with the in- vious records. There are three dent Movement, not only in tention, either expressed or im- new churches. Grace Church, China but throughout the world, plied, of seeking to convert these Shanghai, rebuilt; St. Stephen's, and is known for penetrative children. That is the wrong way, Yanghong, built with materials thinking, in a recent address and I cannot possibly say that from a church burned during mentioned some contributions of in this case your help will be the Japanese attack of 1931; the Christian religion to Chinese welcome.. …. If you believe in and a small new country church life which go deeper than the your heart of hearts that Hindu- at Szekyau financed entirely by surface. To give them the true ism is not a gift of God, but a the local congregation. The dio- perspective he first fills in the gift of Satan, you cannot help cese now has five independent background of Chinese culture. us, and I cannot ask your help." parishes, receiving no American "Confucius did not deny that support. there is spirit or God but he did Christian Sadhu in Himalayas These advances are in spite of say that such a spirit is so far a ten per cent cut in salaries, but away, why waste time specu- A Christian Sadhu named whether the same activity can lating about the nature of the Sadhu Paul from Travancore, be maintained is the problem. spirit? You will never know South India, has been preaching Only half a dozen of the city very much about him. Thereand visiting Christians in a num- churches can hope to attain self- fore, the reasonable thing is to ber of places in the northeastern support in the next ten years; take your time and learn how to Himalayas, remaining a few country evangelism must be car- live rightly with your fellowdays in each town. In September ried for a generation at least, men. Thus when you make a he arrived at Nepal, where Sad- and the Chinese church cannot people live on their own level as hu Sundar Singh was tortured possibly take over the financial man to man, you take away the and imprisoned. There, as he maintenance of high g r a d e power ever to rise above that was passing through a parade schools and hospitals. level. Bring into such a situa- ground where about 400 troops -The Churchman. tion Jesus Christ, and we realize

that here is God, who is not dis- stood around outdoors for the The Church of Christ Advances tant, but who can come so closely service. to us in Christ that we perhaps Dr. Cleland B. McAfee cites can say, with some of the sages Another Shanghai church that two evidences that a distinctiveand prophets of old, that we can was injured in the Japanese ly effective Christian Church exwalk with Him. Here we have troubles was not rebuilt on the ists in China. Commissioners of God with whose spirit our spirit same site, at Santingko, but in a the General Assembly, as also can come into fellowship and more convenient place at Yang- members of synods, when they communion. haung. The people themselves secured all the money to buy convene, repeat in unison the "Again, our culture has pro- land and erect a church seating following covenant: duced some very fine things in 150, and another building with In the presence of God our Heavthe way of ethics; and, I think, enly Father we enter into a solemn the Chinese people as a whole living quarters and parish hall. covenant to exert ourselves to the ut- most to make this meeting of the Genowes to this fact its continuity. But, when you live merely by Year Book Abridged eral Assembly a sacred, solemn and the ethical code, you either be- spiritual fellowship, and to be fellowcome cynical or a hypocrite. Although it covers a two-year workers with God and bound to one That is what happened to the period instead of one, the China another by ties of mutual respect and Pharisees. When Christianity Church Year Book has been re- love. Throughout all its sessions we appears, something new comes duced to about half the custom- will strive in this spirit of cooperation in. Whereas formerly we merely ary number of pages, in the hope to increasingly strengthen the work adhered to a code, now we have that the reduced cost may make of our Church, so that the name of surrendered to a personality. it possible to greatly increase the God may be glorified and Jesus Christ sales. The first part of the vol- may be manifested as the Head of the "The third point is in the fact ume in eight chapters describes Church, and the Universal Church of all ages as His Body, sharing a comthat we as individuals in China mon breath of life and filled with the receive little consideration be- richness of His abundant life. May the general situation of the Chi- the Kingdom of God come to earth nese Church. The thirty succeed- even as it is in Heaven.

cause we are mere units in the ing sections deal with the vari- An unknown contributor to a large group, whose interests we Shanghai paper writes: "A few ous aspects of evangelism, edu- impressions will remain in the must serve. The Christian mes- cational and philanthropic work, writer's mind: First, a really sage coming into that back- and agencies related to the ground tells us we are precious church, followed by a calendar Chinese church is at work, tackin the sight of God-our Father. ling its own problems. In critical When we realize all this means of church events, laws affecting the church, publications since decisions the conscience of the something a I m 0 s t explosive 1931, a directory of church offi- Chinese commissioners was true comes into our lives. It is not cials and pastors, institutions of to the highest things. The church mere accident, that so many new higher education, hospitals, etc., is looking to the future, and faccurrents of life in the Far East together with a summary of re- ing difficulties bravely. If time today can be traced directly to cent statistics of church and is wasted in discussion, it is men and women who have come Sunday school work. to know Christ. gained in fellowship. The inspi- ration of being at a gathering "Finally, in the Christian reli- Abolish Sedan Chairs representing the church all over gion is a distinct challenge to China cannot fail to move indi- rise from the plane taught by Canton municipal authorities viduals, and make them feel that they are part of a great whole. Confucius-'Return with justice have decided to abolish the Now the Assembly is over, and those who hate you' to Christ's sedan chair on the ground that it it is for every delegate to return standard – 'meet your enemy is inhuman, and contrary to the home, strengthened by Christian modern spirit. It is apparently fellowship, to face once more his with love'; to rise from this or her own task in the light of plane of mere justice, and move realized that the carrying of new experiences." sedan chairs is degrading. The a step ahead and deal with each ricksha has been supplanted in Christ, the Complete Saviour other also in love. Tremendous large cities of Japan by the are the implications of that for A Chinese preacher, familiar cheap cruising taxicab, and obus in our modern life today." viously the Chinese do not like -Bible Society Record.

Churches Rebuilt to have foreigners call attention with the religions of Confucius to the fact that Chinese human and Buddha, is said to have rep- The Chinese Church at Kiang- beings are still used as beasts of resented the difference between wan, near Shanghai, which was burden, while the Japanese have the mission of the Lord Jesus entirely destroyed by bombs dur- been delivered from this form of Christ and that of these heathen ing the Japanese-Chinese conflict degradation. All the accompany- teachers as follows: "A sinner has been replaced by a new one, ing discussions have called at- was found lying in a deep pit, only half as large, but opened tention in general to the exploi- unable to save himself from its with great rejoicing by a con- tation of the Chinese. mire. Confucius came to the gregation that overflowed and -China Weekly Review. edge of the pit and said, 'Poor

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fellow, I am very sorry for you. moved away, yet the poor ones speaking and conference engage- Why were you such a fool as to remaining have been ready to ments, Toyohiko Kagawa wrote: get into that pit? Let me give support a pastor if one could be you a piece of advice: if you get found. They have carried on by If only Japan will repent, and esout, don't get into it again.' A themselves with the remarkable tablish permanent friendship with Buddhist priest is next heard result that it took four whole China! There is no other way than saying to him 'Poor fellow! I am days to examine all the candi- by the Law of Love. And not only in very much pained to see you dates in a single church for bap- the relations between China and Jathere. I think if you could get up tism and enrolment. Twelve pan, if we hope for a progressive two-thirds of the way, or even a were baptized and forty enrolled uniting of all the cultures of the nahalf of the way out of this mire, as catechumens under instruc- tions and races of the whole world, I would be able to lift you out tion for full membership. In there is no other way than through the rest of the way.' But the spite of disturbed conditions the the principle of redemptive love. The man was helpless. When the enrolment this year of over forty law of redemptive love is the funda- Lord Jesus Christ came to him, surpassed our expectation and mental law of the universe. Kropot- He lifted him up by grace all previous records. Their spirit kin's instinctive love is not enough. through faith, and set his feet also was exceptionally fine as Instinctive love does not transcend upon the rock." shown by their promptness, race. It is the redemptive love that their readiness to cooperate, and Christ lived and practiced that alone -Episcopal Recorder. their eager desire to learn the transcends race. This type of redemp- Christian Way of Life. tive love must grow in us, and in co- To Christianize the Troops operation with the spirit of the uni- JAPAN-CHOSEN' verse we must labor to save the un- There is an interesting move- happy peoples of the world. Since the ment on foot in some Chinese Student Housing Problem Japanese nation was unable to sense military circles for putting this great redemptive love, I suffer the troops under regular Christian One of the problems facing sorrows of the Prophet Jeremiah. instruction. Groups of soldiers higher education institutions in Forgive us! You sons of Confucius and are now being marched to the Japan is to provide successful, Motzu forgive us in the name of your mission churches· in at least adequate and healthful housing great peace-loving sages! Some day three cities, Nanchang, Chang- for the thousands of young men the Japanese will cast away sword sha and Yochow. At Changsha who flock to colleges and univer- and gun and awaken to the love of the there are three or four places in sities each year from all parts of Cross. Just now I can think of noththe city where regularly num- the empire. This problem was ing but to beseech your pardon. And bers of men are gathered every emphasized in the study made of there are an uncounted number of Sunday for Christian preaching. Christian education in Japan by young souls in Japan who like myself One or two companies march to a joint commission in 1932, con- are asking for pardon,-this is my Trinity Church in Hankow for sisting of American and Japa- message to Chinese brothers who may an early afternoon hour of in- nese educators, working under read this book. struction. the International Missionary Council. -Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. -Presbyterian Advance. The Rikkyo Brotherhood is The Omi Brotherhood Harvests of Manchukuo undertaking an experiment to solve this problem in a small In February, the Omi Mission Rev. W. T. Cook of Sinpin, way by providing not only com- Manchukuo, notes an improve- fortable and healthful housing as it entered its thirtieth year ment of conditions within the for out-of-town students, but past year, both materially and also comfortable surroundings came to an end, and was sucspiritually. "Last year at the for their members during their ceeded by the "Omi Brother- Bible Institute I asked the stu- college life. Before launching a hood." The change, which is in dents to indicate which ones had permanent program there is to name only, was made in the induring the year met with rob- be a six months' period of ex- terest of clarity. There is no bery in one way or another. perimentation with a rented trial change in purpose, principles or About one half held up their house. This study of the needs personnel. The Mission has hands. This year the census in- and problems of such a housing grown from the microscopic efdicated only one in eight had venture will show whether the fort of one "foreign" teacher been molested. This was partly raising of approximately Y200,- and a couple of his pupils to an due to a bumper crop, sufficient 000 to construct the permanent organization of more than two to feed everyone; and partly to student chapter house project is hundred workers; its various the stabilizing influence of a justified. industrial departments h a v e small Japanese garrison. The made positive contributions to harvest in the church is a more -The Living Church. social betterment in Japan, in surprising one. Because of con- addition to earning the financial stant war and robbery, only Kagawa Deplores Militarism support for the entire enter- 4,000 Christians remain out of prise; its efforts in tuberculosis 6,000. Those with means have As he was nearing the Philip- treatment, progressive educa- pine Islands for a month of tion, and rural evangelization have had international influence; and in spite of successful indus- trial experiments none of its members has amassed personal wealth. It has operated for more than a quarter-century as a Christian community in which

four nationalities have cooper- Bible Institute for about forty and Senior societies, with a men and women who are unable membership of about four thouated upon equal terms.

One of the reasons for the to make the hundred-mile jour- sand. For years these societies change of name is that the in- ney to Pyengyang to study. He functioned separately, each evan- digenous character of this or- has inspired the young men of gelical church having charge of ganization see m s better ex- the church to evangelistic zeal, its own organization. In 1925 pressed by the word "Brother- so that they have started a group the Northern Luzon Christian hood," which, in its extensive in a near-by village, walking the Endeavor Union was organized sense, seems to connote the prim- three miles out and back each which federated some sixteen so- itive and essential meaning of Sunday to hold services for cieties in four provinces. A few Christianity in a way that the them; and a few weeks ago years later its membership had term "Mission" does not achieve. these boys raised money and grown to thirty-two regularly In the organization the term bought a building for their organized senior societies with brotherhood is understood to in- group, which now numbers forty an equal number of junior so- clude both sexes. or fifty. Young Kil's sermons cieties. The Western Visayan -Omi Mustard Seed. s how his father's spiritual Christian Endeavor Union and power, and in addition he has a the Manila union were later or- beautiful singing voice. The peo- ganized. Finally on December Street Evangelism ple say "there never was anyone 22 to 24, 1933, the first national Mr. Dwight L. Malsbary, a like him for personal work; he's Christian Endeavor convention always at it." was held. Fifty-three registered Presbyterian missionary who delegates and many visitors has been teaching music in -Pyengyang News. Pyengyang for five years, writes made up the attendance. A secthat he and a Seminary student Nat Rice Christian ond nat ion a I convention is planned for two years hence. encountered three men on the street who were emerging from In a small village near Seoul, -C. E. World. a drunken orgy. They spent fif- Chosen, a Christian church has teen minutes trying to impress upon them that God has a rem- been closed for several years be- New Interest in Rural Affairs cause its members had become edy for sin. One of the men indifferent. The church bell had Since last April every municiasked the men to call at his been rented to strangers. The pality in the Iloilo district, P. I., house and tell him more. They Presbyterian Mission sen t a has had a rural institute. Probgave him a copy of John's Gos- Korean Bible woman to the dis- ably 10,000 people have been pel and ten days later they trict to endeavor to return the reached with instruction in praccalled. The man was not at home flock to the fold. After two tically every phase of country but his son told them his father months 30 persons met in the life. This interest in the farmer had become a believer. Asked long-closed church. The bell was and the barrio man has spread how long ago, the son replied: returned to its own belfry. At to municipal, provincial and in- "About a week or so ago some- the same time the Bible woman's sular government officials. Buone on the street asked him to salary ceased. She was invited reau representatives and district believe and he said he would, and to go to another church which health officers take part on instihe came home, told us about it had raised money for the sup- tute programs while town presiand now besides my father, my port of a Bible woman. Here is dents widely advertise the meetwife and I, my sister and broth- her answer: "My little children ings and urge barrio lieutenants er, all believe. We all went to here are just getting on their to attend. church for the first time in our feet and learning to walk. Can lives last Sunday." I say to them, 'There is rice for New Work in D. E. I. -Pyengyang News. me there and none for me here, therefore, I will go where there Consolidation is the order of the day in the Dutch East Indies. Do Ministers' Sons Go Wrong? is rice?' The Lord won't let me In 1930 the 330,000 Batak Chris- starve. I'll work on here." tians in Sumatra framed a con- The blind evangelist, Pastor -Presbyterian Banner. stitution as a Batak Church. The Kil, is known the world over. congregations of Central Java His son has graduated from the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC took a similar step two years Seminary, and last year became later. In 1932 a general synod the pastor of the mountain vil- Philippine C. E. Union was organized in eastern Java. lage church of Kok San. He found the church split with fac- The earliest Christian En- The Salvation Army reports 300 tions and in an unhealthy condi- deavor society known in the professed conversions on the tion, but undaunted, started to Philippine Islands was organ- north coast of Java. The Chrisbuild it up. He has not only ized at San Fernando, La Union, tian and Missionary Alliance are greatly increased the attendance, on December 28, 1904. From opening three new fields in East and brought in many new mem- that date there have been ap- Dutch Borneo.

bers, but has started an evening proximately five hundred Junior -World Evangelization.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ANNOTATED LIST OF BOOKS ON ORIENTALS IN AMERICA PREPARED BY MISS MAY HUSTON Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Northern Baptist Convention Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Land of All Nations. By Margaret For Adults Wilson. Stanford University Press, R. Seebach. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, Orientals in American Life. By Pres. California. $1.00. Albert W. Palmer; author of "The 25 cents. Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Christian Epic," etc. Cloth, $1.00; The story of Donaldina Cam- Biographical sketches about paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, eron's life-long battle to end the people of various races living in New York. traffic in Chinese slave-girls in the United States. Two of Ori- America. "Lo Mo," as she was entals. An exceedingly interesting called, worked to rebuild the and informing book that grows lives of the girls she rescued and Next-door Neighbors. By Margaret out of the author's own experihas been richly repaid by the T. Applegarth. $1.25. Fleming H. ences with Orientals both in host of happy women she has Revell, New York. Hawaii and on the Pacific Coast. It is a keen, sympathetic study sent out into lives of usefulness. Thumbnail sketches contain- of their problems in the effort to ing .several stories of Chinese fit into the life of this country and of the possibilities of their The Ways of Ah Sin. By Charles R. and Japanese children in Amer- development in the right envi- ica. ronment. From the first chap- Shepherd. ter on "The Transformation of Chinatown" to the last on "How A vivid and thrilling story of A Daughter of the Samurai. By Etsu the Church Can Help" the book similar work for Chinese in San I. Sugimoto. $1.00. Doubleday is filled with vivid, deftly drawn Francisco. Out of print but may Doran, New York. pictures of Oriental life.

be found in many libraries. A background book showing For Young People and Seniors Lim Yik Choy. By Charles R. Shep- the life of a Japanese girl of the Out of the Far East. By Allan A. herd. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell, Samurai class reflecting the Hunter, author of "Facing the Pa- New York. many-sided life of Japan in the cific"; "Youth's Adventure"; "So- transition period. cial Perplexities." Cloth, $1.00; The story of a little boy or- paper, 60 cents. ,phaned in China and brought to A Daughter of the Narikin. By Etsu America by an old uncle who I. Sugimoto. $3.00. Doubleday Stimulating adventures in dies shortly after the arrival of Doran, New York. world friendship. Well written the pair in the United States. and admirably adapted for The n a r rat i v e carries him Another beautiful story, the groups of young people because through many experiences, and plot of which is laid in Japan of its youth approach and the sends him back to the land of his but touches American life, thus author's first-hand experience birth, to take up a career of con- making it an excellent reading with Oriental young people both secrated Christian service. book for this year's theme. in the Far East and in this coun- try. Huie Kin Reminiscences. Published The World in a Barn. By Gertrude in China; may be ordered through Chandler Warner, author of "Win- For Junior-High Grade the Presbyterian Book Store, San dows into Alaska." $1.00. Friend- Francisco. $1.25 plus postage. ship Press, New York. Gold Mountain. By Philip F. Payne, Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian An exceedingly interesting life A popular reading book for Board of National Missions; in history of a Chinese boy who primary children, containing charge of Oriental Work. Cloth, came to America when he was several stories about Oriental $1.00; paper, 60 cents. fourteen and later became a children in the United States. Presbyterian minister in New A delightful story of Chinese York City. MISSION STUDY BOOKS- who heard of the discovery of GRADED READING gold in the mountains of Cali- fornia; their efforts to become When the East Is in the West. By The new books published by miners; the opposition they Maude Madden. $1.50. Fleming the Missionary Education Move- H. Revell, New York. ment are the more welcome be- True stories revealing the cause of the limited number of Japanese heart and soul in Cali- readable volumes. These books fornia. Excellent for illustra- should be placed in school and tions to be used in programs or public libraries as well as in study classes. . homes and churches.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

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met; the problems of adjust- For Leaders of Junior High mate acquaintance, knows the ment and the results of Chris- School Groups several racial groups of peoples tian work among them. Also in the Pacific area. stories of Japanese, their char- A 'Course on Orientals in the United acteristic traits, and their re- States. Paper, 25 cents. Immigration. By Lawrence Guy sponse to the Christian message. Brown. $3.00. Longmans Green Based on "Gold Mountain" Co., New York. For Juniors and other books. A discussion of cultural con- Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- For Leaders of Junior Groups flicts and social adj ustments ar- nell Means, author of "Ranch and ranged for a one semester Ring" and the stories in "Children Japanese Here and There. By Mar- course. Contains chapters on of the Great Spirit." Cloth, $1.50; garet E. Forsyth, Associate in Re- the Chinese, Japanese and Fili- paper, 75 cents. ligious Education, Teachers College, pinos and is an excellent refer- Columbia University, and Ursul ence volume on the whole immi- Any Junior will be thrilled by Moran, missionary in Japan. Boards, gration question. the adventures of the Miyata $1.00; paper, 75 cents. children who left their home in Filipino Immigration. By Bruno Japan to come to America. From A Friendship Press text on Lasker. $4.00. Chicago University the moment they embark until the Japanese both in Japan and Press. the story closes there is one ex- in the United States. Gives sugciting adventure after another. gestions for procedures and ac- This is the most comprehen- Delightfully illustrated. tivities on School Life; Home sive study of the subject based Life, Earning a Living. on a careful survey made by the For Primary Boys and Girls American Council of Pacific Re- Orientals in the United States Pic- lations that has yet appeared. It Oriental Friends in the United States. ture Sheet. 25 cents. throws light on many of the fac- By Katharine Smith Adams, for- tors involved in this problem merly Director of Religious Educa- A folder of pictures to be used which the American Congress tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, in making posters and notebooks will, without doubt, have to face. Connecticut. Boards, $1.00; paper, and for classroom use. 75 cents. Resident Orientals on the American Picture Map of the United States, Pacific Coast. By Eliot Grinnell This book for leaders gives 30 x 50 inches, to be colored by the Mears. $3.00. Chicago University suggestions for teaching and children. 50 cents. Press. worship as well as source material on Chinese, Japanese and Pictures of Orientals in the An exposition of the present Filipinos. United States or of home mis- situation of the Chinese and the sion work may be pasted on the Japanese resident in continental Helps for Leaders of Adult map at appropriate places. United States. Legal sources Study Groups have been consulted and are Paper Dolls. 25 cents a set. quoted quite extensively. Con- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups tains many charts and tables, Studying the Orientals in the The three sets, Friendship thus making available an im- United States. By Margaret I. Cut-outs; China Paper Dolls; mense amount of information. Marston, Educational Secretary, Japan Paper Dolls, furnish ex- Woman's Auxiliary of the Protes- cellent Oriental dolls to use in Japanese in the United States. By tant Episcopal Church. Paper, 25 connection with any study of Yamato khihashi. $4.00. Stan- cents. these races in the United States. ford University Press, California.

This pamphlet is at once a Additional helps in the way of magazines, Ranks as the most comprehenhelpful guide to Dr. Palmer's programs, leaflets on fields, also plays may sive and authoritative resource book and to the use of other ma- be secured by writing denominational boards. book on the subject. Written by terials on the general subject of a professor of Japanese history missions among Oriental peoples Reference Books on Orientals and government in Stanford in America. University, it contains invalu- An extensive bibliography will able information about Japanese What Do You Think About Orientals be found in Dr. Palmer's "Ori- immigrants and their children. in the United States? 10 cents each; entals in American Life." Men- 60 cents per dozen. tion is made here of a few. Foreign Swdents in America. $1.75. Association Press, New York. Brain-teasing questions and Paradox in Hawaii. By David Livcheck lists of thought-provoking ingston Crawford, President of the A mine of information on forstatements of fact and opinion. University of Hawaii. $2.00. eign students and their prob- Contains material for six ses- Stratford Co., Boston. lems, prepared by the Commitsions. An invaluable aid in stim- tee on Friendly Relations among ulating general participation in An exceedingly constructive Foreign Students. group discussion. and authoritative study of eco- nomic and educational tensions Valuable Booklets and A Course on Orientals in the United in Hawaii. Leaflets States. Paper, 25 cents. Can Nations be Neighbors? By David Further Development of Race Con- For groups of young people Livingston Crawford. $1.50. Strat- tacts in Hawaii. By Romanzo and seniors. Based primarily on ford Co., Boston. Adams, 15 cents. "Out of the Far East." A somewhat new approach to the problem of international re- lations by one who, from inti-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Peoples of Hawaii. By same American home, school and gov- tutes one of the most vital pres- author, 50 cents. ernment, also come in for criti- ent-day sociological problems. cism and appraisal but all is The migration of any large The Chinese Population in Hawaii. said with a sense of humor and group of human beings is a By H. L. Shapiro, 30 cents. a desire to be just and friendly. matter of concern to the social He sees America's greatest hope scientist. Invariably there is Aliens in the United States. By Jo- in her youth and the mixture of compulsion, usually economic. seph P. Chamberlain, 20 cents. races. The book is one which When the migration is not to- Americans should read with rel- ward a frontier but from one Memorandum on Chinese Students in ish and profit. Many of Dr. heavily populated region to an- U. S., 10 cents. Park's remarks give us reason other even more heavily popu- to stop and think. Here is one: lated, there is certain to be These and other valuable ma- "In old days, the Christian mis- economic and cultural conflict. terial may be secured from the sionaries used to tell us Chinese And when the emigrating group American Council Institute of that it is a heathen practice to is of a minority race the effect Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., worship idols or to bow down to not only upon the newcomers New York City. wood and stone. Maybe it is. but also upon the inhabitants of But the worship of the idol is lands both left and sought is Second Generation Orientals in Amer- harmless when compared with enormous. This bibliography is ica. By William B. Smith, 25 cents. the worship of an actress." very complete, carefully indexed Missionary Education Movement. and bears witness to the im- New York. Four books recommended by portance of the subject. Dr. Geo. Hinman: Magazines S. M. ZWEMER. Japanese in California. By E. K. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Strong, Stanford University Press, Totaram. The Story of a Village Boy 1933. $2.00. in India Today. By Irene Mott WORLD for June and July. Bose. 8 vo. 117 pp. $1.90. Mac- The Second Generation Japanese Millan. New York. 1933. The denominational maga- Problem. By E. K. Strong, Stanzines contain valuable material. ford UniVersity Press, 1933. $2.00. This pleasing story of a village boy in India is from the pen of The Chinese 'Christian Student, Very accurate and informing a daughter of Dr. John R. Mott. Japanese Student Bulletin, Filipino in most respects but inaccurate Mrs. Bose, who was formerly a Student, Korean Student BuUetin. in the account of the Protestant Y. W. C. A. worker in India, has work being done. caught the atmosphere of village These four magazines available at life and shows a real understand- $2.50 per year from Committee on Oriental Exclusion. By R. D. Mc- ing of the language, some cus- Friendly Relations, 347 Madison Ave., Kenzie, University of Washington. toms and folk-lore familiar to New York City. Chicago University Press. the Indian boy. The result is not a missionary story but is a suc- An Oriental View of American Civil- This is a 1927 book and very cessful attempt at sympathetic ization. By No-Yong Park (Pao), fine for the period it covers. interpretation. After all, a boy Ph.D. 8vo. 128 pp. $1.50. Hale, in India is very much like other Cushman & Flint. Boston. 1934. The Japanese Problem in the United boys except for his surround- States. By H. A. Millis, 1915. ings, his early training, his be- This "friendly critic" is a liefs and his customs. The dif- Chinese, a Harvard Ph.D. who Probably the best of the older ferences make him more intermeasures American life, man- books. esting but the similarities make ners and thought with a Confu- him more understandable. cian yardstick: the Doctrine of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS the Mean. His criticisms are Jothy. The Story of the South Indian frank and intelligent, though in A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Jungle. By Charlotte Chandler some cases unbalanced. He By Frank Alexander Ross and Wyckoff. 305 pp. $2. Longmans points out the faults of Ameri- Louise Venable Kennedy. Columbia Green. New York. 1933. cans-lack of reserve, amuse- University Press. New York. 251 ment craze, speed mania, extrav- pp. $5.00. This missionary, the daughter agance, love of advertising, of a missionary in India, shows greed for gold, "idolatry," ma- Of making surveys there intimate knowledge of South Interialism, lack of respect for seems to be no end, and yet they dian life such as is only possible parents, unworthy ambition and are the basis of conclusive think- to one born and brought up laxity in morals. He calls atten- ing in regard to many pressing among the girls of an Indian viltion to the lack of "Chinese po- problems in home and foreign lage. Miss Wyckoff has written liteness, Japanese modesty and missions. This Bibliography is an attractive story that gives an European polish." Race preju- the fifth volume on Negro Migra- understanding view of Jungle dice is another fault. Women tion produced by the Department life. She thus opens the way for are criticized for aping the men of Sociology at Columbia Univer- a delightful contact between and their vices. sity. Earlier volumes dealt with American children and their the facts. The constantly in- American virtues, as Dr. creasing presence of colored peo- Park sees them, include bound- ple in our northern cities constiless energy, good sportsmanship, progressiveness, optimism, organizing ability. Women are admired for their versality and freedom from convention. The

brothers and sisters in a far dif- The scope of the enquiry is all is! That is Africa in 1934.

ferent environment. The word reassuringly broad. The socio- When we come to the part pictures, illustrated with pen logical problem is convered in played and to be played by and ink drawings, bring us into the report by Mr. Coulter, the Christian missions in the solu- fellowship with an Indian child's economic problem by Mr. Robin- tion of all these problems we experiences at weddings, festi- son, and the problem of govern- come close to the heart of the vals, travel by bullock cart, home ment by Mr. Marquard. Mr. whole question. For this reason life, and school adventures. The Davis deals with the historical was the inquiry made. African story has a Christian as well as background at the opening of religions are weakening, are the report, and closes it with the likely soon to be largely swept an Indian flavor. final hundred pages devoted to away. Christianity should re- Modem Industry and the African. the problem of missions. By J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Mac- place them. Is it? Will it? millan. New York. The social factors in the situ- This inquiry reveals a not too ation are in a state of flux. Socially, nothing is more im- Thousands of men and hundreds happy picture of the past. It portant in these momentous days of women are being drawn from for Central Africa than correct, tribal environments into min- seeks to point a more hopeful sympathetic understanding of ing areas where family and way for the future. Of its 75 the widely varied elements en- tribal sanctions and customs are specific recommendations we retering into its amazingly rapid produce six here in whole or in part :* change of this generation. Re- largely overlaid by increasing No.3….. The missionary who minligiously, the missions have a isters to the natives on the copper deposits of urban life. Men at belt should be equipped with training responsibility in this connection the end of their contracts or in in social welfare, recreation, social comparable to that borne by gov- a time of general depression, hygiene and community planning, and ernments politically. The Church such as the present, go back to be prepared to understand the bearis therefore tightly tied into the ing of the social needs of the people their tribal areas there to con- upon the growth of the Church both study now under review. form externally in many ways at the mines and in the rural areas, J. Merle Davis, formerly asso- and to plan his work with the prob- but write an inner seething that lems as a whole in view. No. 14. The Commission wish to ciated with the Y. M. C. A. in spells fundamental change in Japan and director of the Insti- this generation. Family life is call attention to the poverty of the tute of Pacific Relations, is now disintegrating through long pe- social life of a native community which is cut off from its rural and head of the International Mis- riods of marital separation, dis- tribal environment. It considers a major task of the Church to be to sionary Council's Department of ease is 'coming in, morals are enrich this social life, to organize it Social and Industrial Research in wholesome channels, and to strive with headquarters at Geneva. lowering, racial bitterness is to create a new network of native in- Created largely through the ef- growing. These and other dis- abilities can hardly be out- terest which will serve as a founda- tion for urban native society. forts of Dr. John R. Mott, this weighed in the specific benefits department's first major under- No. 19. Missions are urged to study taking was an inquiry, gener- conferred by association with how the essentials and standards of ously financed by the Carnegie the mining developments; great- the Christian way of living can be er inaividualism, manual skill, Corporation of New York and some slight education, larger disentangled from the inessentials and peculiar standards which have grown the Phelps Stokes Fund, into the cash income, three-pound in- around them during 1900 years of effect of the copper mines of crease in average bodily weight, European civilization, and how they Central Africa upon native so- m 0 r e bicycles, phonographs, can be readapted to the present social and economic needs of an Mrican ciety and the work of Christian sewing machines. This social people. side of the problem makes spemissions. Associated with Mr. cially insistent demands upon No. 38. Missions are urged to ad- Davis in this enquiry were Chits. dress themselves to the task of incul- W. Coulter, Professor of Soci- Christian missions. cating a Christian faith that evokes a ology at Ohio Wesleyan Univer- The very full treatment given greater depth of moral conviction and sity; Leo Marquard, history loyalty to principl~ faith that will master at Grey College School, the economic and governmental hold the native Christian when sub- Bloemfontein; Ray E. Phillips, aspects of the problem deserve jected to the new and tremendous careful study by all who would moral strains of the copper belt. His missionary and welfare worker, understand mod ern Africa. position is rendered all the more peril- ous by the absence of his own social Johannesburg; E. A. G. Robin- There depicted are samples of and moral controls and by his sudden son, fellow of Sidney Sussex Col- the great wealth currently being introduction to a pagan European so- lege and Lecturer in Economics produced by t hat contInent, ciety. No'. 43. The Commission believe it in the University of Cambridge; and of the industrial penetra- to be of the highest importance that tion which is making itself felt the missionary work of the Protestant and Miss Mabel Shaw, O.B.E., throughout its len g t hand Free Church societies on the copper Principal, Livingstone Memorial Girl's School, Mberesbi. This breadth. The delicate and dif- belt be united under the care of one group spent the second half of missionary society. In carrying out 1932 in Africa, mostly in the ficult problems faced by govern- this policy, however, certain conditions ments are also set forth, with would require to be met….. two Rhodesias and South Africa, with a short visit in the Ka- some of the successes and fail- No. 58. It is recommended that in ures registered. What a com- work for every type of community tanga Province of Congo BeIge. plex and contradictory picture it * Pages 377-389.

the central educational emphasis of with the author in some points. Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon: missions should be directed toward Her Life and Times. Ernest Pye, preparing Bantu youth to serve the In general the volume is lacking Editor. 211 pp. $2.00. Illus. Revell, needs of the Bantu rather than Euro- in definite information as to New York. pean society. great personalities that have had a significant part in the mis- Miss Willard was a woman of These may give the tense, but sionary movement. For example, high adventure, a professor of a reading of the lot is necessary reference to the Student Volunbefore a full view can be had of teer Movement includes no infor- Carleton College who spent a this inquiry and report. It is mation as to where or by whom a thoroughly scientific document it was founded, and as much sabbatical year in a mission stawarmed, as to the future, by the space is given to the recent Lay- tion in Asia Minor and found Christian's grounded optimism men's Inquiry as to the S. V. M. her work so worthwhile that she as regards the Church and its which has proven its value for devoted her life to the cause. She mission. nearly half a century. was a missionary of the Amer- ican Board from 1898 to 1930 in The past is depicted; a future Each field is taken up sep- Merzifon, Anatolia, Asia Minor is sketched. The inquiry is and her contribution to human made, the report is out. Now arately with some information welfare was remarkable-Miss what? From mines, govern- Willard as teacher in Anatolia ments, missions-what answer? as to its land, people, language, College, principal of the Girls' School, director of the King EMORY Ross. history, government and present School for the Deaf, author, pub- conditions. There is very little lisher, manager of mission build- The Christian Mission in the Modern reference to the non-Christian ings and property, caring for World. By William David Scher- religions but considerable atten- twelve hundred orphans and for merhorn. 8 vo. 360 pp. $2.50. Ab- tion is given to the present eco- thousands of sick solders, coura- ingdon Press. New York. 1933. nomic and social problems. The geously and successfully daring progress of Protestant missions great danger and hardship to This modern history of Prot- in each field is described briefly rescue forty – eight Armenian estant Christian missions opens but with little reference to great girls that had been "deported," with a brief history of the rise missionary pioneers. There is providing industries for destiand growth of Christianity, and little mention of Carey and Jud- tute women and children, visitthe evangelization of Europe up son, and none of Hudson Taylor, ing officials and villagers and to the Reformation. Then there Eliza Agnew, Laws of Living- everywhere radiating love and follows a list of the various Prot- stonia, Henry Jessup of Syria, hope and Christian faith. She estant missionary agencies and a or Bishop Pattison. More space also had her quiet times for brief study of the progress of is devoted to some of the modern prayer and Bible study and knew Christianity in various lands- developments and their leaders well her God and her fellowmen. geographically considered. There -like J. W. Pickett, of India, are ten outline maps, an index, and Frank Lauback, of the Phil- Dr. Pye, the editor, has artisand a bibliography which is use- ippines; almost no attention is tically woven together the tribful but not very discriminating. given to the growth of woman's utes written by many hands. One work in missions. of the most significant chapters Dr. Schermerhorn has spent is "The 'Joy Nest'-Its Rules five years in India and has been Dr. Schermerhorn says in con- and Motto," a social experiment a teacher in Garrett Biblical In- made by four Turkish girls. stitute, Chicago. He was also clusion that· his survey has Light is given on such questions one of the group that visited the shown certain things: (1) That the essence of Christianity is to mission fields to study the share. [Is it not rather to wit- as: Can Christian missions sucyounger churches in foreign ness and teach?] (2) That ceed in a Mohammedan country? lands. This history of missions Christian Missions are restricted Why and how did the Turks alshows that the Author is sym- and impoverished by enemies most annihilate the Armenian pathetic with the attitude of the within and without its rank. nation in 1915? What is the mis- Laymen's "Re-thinking M i s- [But the enterprise receives its sionary doing for international sions" and seeks to present the life, direction and power from and inter-racial peace and goodsubject from a "modern" view- the Holy Spirit.] (3) That the will? How can a school which is point, but with "the conviction progress of Christianity has been forbidden to have direct relithat Christ is Saviour both of marked by periods of expansion, gious teaching winsomely premen and of nations." arrest and reform. [It is also sent Jesus Christ as the Divine The volume is interesting for marked by definite and repeated Saviour from sin? What obligaits facts rather than for its spiritual revivals.] (4) Impor- tion and opportunity does the opinions. While most of the tant lessons are learned from Christian Church now have for facts presented are familiar to past experiences. [These are bringing the good news of Jesus students of missions, it is an ad- worthy of attention.] (5) We and His redemptive love to the vantage to have"them marshalled are coming to grips with pres- ambitious, progressive, war-harin a clear and concise presenta- ent-day social and economic assed, bandit-ridden and economtion. Conservative Evangelicals problems. [This is needed but ically depressed peoples of the and historians will not agree should not be over-emphasized.] new Turkey? C. H. DERR.

Items 1M MtJI.TIPUED SMALL

(Concluded from page 257.) There Are Finaneial Besourees Dr. Cheng Ching-yi has resigned as for encouraging your ilnportant enterprise General Secretary of China's National Christian Council. Dr. Cheng was OUR DIME INLAY BOOKLETS both prophet and leader of the "Five- Year Movement," and his successive Offer the Attractive. Convenient and Inexpensive Method by which this fact has elections as Moderator of the General been attested over and over again by many Churches, Sunday-sehoola, Miuionary Assembly of the Church of Christ in Boards and other organizations. By the same method you may obtain the funds China from its inception, indicate his you need. These Neat and Sturdy Coin Booklets have capacities for outstanding ability. He now plans to place his services more widely at the Ten DiDles, Twenty DiDles, Fifty DiDles, and disposal of the United Church of Quarters, DiDles, and Nickels Christ. and a Complete List 'of Offering Helps, including Banks. Protected Slot Dr. Philip A*lle*n S*wartz, minister Offering Envelopes. Penny Strips, Folding Boxes and Collapsible Novelties of the First Congregational Church, GOODENOUGH & WOGLOM CO. LaGrange, Ill., has been elected Secretary of the Federal Council of Church and Sunday School Supplies Churches. His major responsibility Dept_ 3 296 Broadway, New York will be the financial problems of the Council. Samples and Prices on Tequest *** ciety in China for sixteen years, died 'Can I Know God. Frederick B. in Germantown, Pa., March 31. Dr. Fisher. 140 pp. $1. Harpers. Miss Alice Pettee Adams, founder Humphreys had served at Yachow, at New York. of "Hakuaikai," a social center in Ningyuenfu and at Chengtu where he Okayama, Japan, who has six times served on the faculty of Union Uni- An Afdcan Prophet. The Ivory Coast received recognition from the imperial versity Medical College. Because of ill Movement and What Came of It. government, is now to have a bust health he retired in 1925. W. J. Platt. 28. 6d. Student Chrisplaced on exhibition beside other nota- tian Movement Press. London. bles, including Premier Saito. *** Contemporary Religious Thinking. Dr. Conrad *Ho*ffm*an is visiting Mrs. Hugh Taylor of Muang Mam, Edited by Frederick G. Bowers and Siam, died near the end of February Robert W. Searle. 212 pp. $2. Egypt and the Near East. Some six from a fever while traveling to Luang Falcon Press. New York. weeks have been spent in visitation of Prabang. Mrs. Taylor went to Siam different mission centers in Palestine, as a Presbyterian missionary in 1893. God and the Cosmos. Theodore and for study of the Zionist MQvement Graebner. 352 pp. $3. Eerdmans. and the Jewish problem as it exists *** Grand Rapids. in that area. He hoped also to visit Beirut and Baghdad. Dr. Ahmed Fahmy, an Egyptian Gems of Gold. R. E. Neighbour. 378 who was a medical missionary in pp. $1.50. McMillen-Neighbour. China for over thirty years, died re- Elyria, Ohio. cently. He was the son of Moslem parents, and became a Christian at Modern Industry and the African. the age of eighteen. J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Macmil- lan. New York.

Obituary Notes New Books The Queensgate Mystery. Grace Pett- man. 190 pp. 18. 6d. Pickering & Dr. J. Charles Humphreys, a work- Christian Missions and a New World Inglis. London. er of the Baptist Foreign Mission So- Culture. Archibald G. Parker. 321 pp. $2. Willett, Clark. Chicago. Religion in Shoes: Brother Bryan of Birmingham. Hunter B. Blakely. 186 pp. $1.50. Presbyterian Com- mittee on Publications. Richmond.

tltbt l{tng'5 jiu51nt55 Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Sir Mohammed Iqhal. 186 pp. $2.75. Oxford University Press. London.

published by Totoram. Irene Mott Bose. 117 pp. $1.90. Macmillan. New York.

BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES The Use of Material from China's Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it tian Education of Chinese Youth. Warren Horton Stuart. $2.50. 210 for every member of the family circle pp. Oxford University Press, Shanghai Agency. I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- The U. S. and the Carribbean Area. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Dana G. Munro. $2. 322 pp. World interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, Peace Foundation. Boston. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Ways That are Dark. Ralph Town- Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and send. 336 pp. $3. Putnams. New Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; York. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present The Letters and Journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838. Illus. Maps. Edited by John Rawson Elder. 580 pp. 42s. Kiek. London.

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Address: ~bt 1{ing'1i 1Su1iint1i1i Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something prophetic students never do without after seeing 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California one copy. Send 10 cents. year $1.00 BROOKS PUBLISHERS 2003 Addison Way Los Angelel, Calif.

[320 ]

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Orientals in American Life A Friendship Press Text for juniors, dealing with Jap- anese both in Japan and in the United States. Contains By Albert W. Palmer, President Chicago Theological stories and lessons. Boards, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Seminary; author of "The Human Side of Hawaii," etc. Rainbow Bridge An excellent general study of the various oriental people in the United States today. Contains a chapter on at By Florence Crannell Means, author "Reach and Hawaii that is unique. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Ring' and the stories in "Children of the Great Spirit." Out of the Far East A delightful reading book for children under twelve. By Allan A. Hunter, author of "Facing the Pacific," Tells the story of a Japanese family that came to Amer- "YoutYs Adventure," etc. ica. Illustrated by Eleanor Frances Lattimore. Ooth, $1.50; paper, 75 cents. A book of adventures in Christian friendship with Orientals in our midst. Shows the handicaps Orientals Oriental Friends in the must overcome and appreciates their struggles. Cloth, United States $1.00; paper, 60 cents. By Katharine Smith Adams, formerly director of Reli- Japanese Here and There gious Education in Christ Church, Greenwich, Con- necticut. By Margaret E. Forsyth, Associate in Religious Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, and Ursu) A Friendship Press Text for primary pupils contain- Moran, miJJionary in Japan. ing units of work on the Chinese, Japanese and the Filipinos. Gives teaching material and suggestions for worship. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1934

APRIL,1934

Our Approach to Non-Christians E. Stanley Jones Visualizing Non-Christian Religions Samuel M. Zwemer The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountain: M. A. Dawber Glimpses of Indian Hearts and Hearth~ Elizabeth Conklin The Government's New Indian Policy G. E. E. Lindquist The Testimony of Mr. Wang J. P. Leynse

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The aim is to enlist others in daily de· Dept. 3 Church and Sunday School Supplies votional Bible reading that they may know God's plan of salvation through 296 Broadway, New York faith in Iesus Christ. Beautifully illus- Sampl.es and Prices on request trated booklets, giving information. mailed free on request. A Missionary in Egypt Obituary Note.

AddreslJ: recently ordered all six of Union Bible Dr. T. L. Scott of Gujranwala, the Seminary's Bible study courses for class oldest missionary of the American GEORGE F. TIBBITTS. Director work wi'th her converts. Think what United Presbyterian Church passed it would mean to study Genesis and away on January 4th, after a service Cliffside Perk Exodus in Egypt where so man y of tile of 59 years in India. Although of- events recorded in these books occurred I ficially on the retired list Dr. Scott Cornwall.on-Hudson New York But, while not 80 suggestive of the ro- has continued to work as much as mantic, the study of the Rble in Amer- failing hearing and eyesight per- Dates To Remember ica is jUst as wonderful as in Egypt. mitted, living with his daughter, Miss OUf six courses are as follows: Louise A. Scott, who is in charge of April 26-May 7-General Conference, the Gu,iranwala Girls' School. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 20 Lessons in Genesis. 20 LesIOn. in ExodllS. Jackson, Miss. 20 Lessons ia John. 20 Lesson. io RevelatifID. Dr. Scott was for thirty years a professor in the U. P. Theological May Z-S-Thirteenth National Con- 20 Lessons in Bible History Ind Prophecy. Seminary and has had a noteworthy vention, Y. W. C. A. of America. 20 LU$ODI ia Homiletics. part in training the Christian leaders Philadelphia, Pa. of this part of India. Before going These courses formerly sold for Onr into the seminary he was unusually May 1S-17-Community Church Dollar per set, but ate now offered for successful as an evangelistic mission- Workers of the U. S. A. Kansas SOc per set. If all six are ordered at one ary in Jhelum and has probably bap- City, Mo. time for $3, a substantial loose-leaf tized more Moslem converts than any- binder is included without further cost. one in the Mission. A number of these May 20-26-Church Conference of So- were Maulvies who later became min- cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. O,der from isters, serving in variouS parts of North India. May Z3-29-Northern Baptist Con- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY vention. Rochester, N. Y. *** Weatfield, Indiana May 24-29-General Assembly, Pres- Rev. Huie Kin, founder, and for 40 byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- AGENTS WANTED years the pastor of the Chinese Pres- land, O. byterian Church in New York, died in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can Peiping, China, January 22d, at 80 June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed be sold in quantities to every Mib. years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Huie had Church in America. Grand Rapids, returned to China upon his retirement Mich. sionary Society. It furni8hes infor· a few years ago'*. -:;:. .;.:. mation in brief, interesting form for June 20-27-Oenera1 Assembly, Unit- leaders and discussion groups. Why Dr. T. B. Ray, Executive Secretary ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. not act as our Agent in your church of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- or community '! You can advance the Rion Board for 27 years, died in Rich- June 21·27 – General Council of the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the mond, Va., on January 14th. He was Congregational and Christian same time earn a liberal commission. as well known in the North as in the Churches. Oberlin, O. South and heroically and skilfully Address-·Circulation Manager, guided the affairs of the Southern June 26·27 – U n ion of Reformed The Missionary Review ofthe World, Baptist Mission Board during these Church in the U. S. and the Evan- years of financial crisis. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Third and Reily Streets, Ohio. Harrisburg, Pa. TEN Pastor, would you not be willing to pay ten cents a UNITED MISSIONARY CENTS week for a little sheet that CAMPAIGN contains a synopsis of an A Week originalserrnon, an apt illus.. April 10-11 Hackensack, N. J. tration. a sermon outline. or April 12 New Brunswick, N, J. an exposition of Scripture 1 April 15-16 Elizabeth, N. J. JUNIATA COLLEGE Suppose we add to it SOMe April 17-18 Plainfield, N. J. notcs on the current Sunday schooJ lesson. little April 19-20 Bridgeton, N. J. HUNTINCDON. PA. items of interest {rom nlany parts of the world. April 22-23 Allentown, Pa. April 24-25 Eastern Pennsylvania. Clari.tian Accredited Coeducational editorjalobservations on live themes, etc., etc•• and tell you it can be hod THE FREE CHURCH BIBLE Representatives of Juniata. are on the Mission fields for two tento a week? This INSTiTUTE AND ACADEMY of China, India. Africa, and Europe. FOR is what we offer in The Gos.. This institution offers the followin2' courses: Two year",' Degree courses in Arts, Science, Education, Busine3!:l. pel Minister. 8 pages every 2 Cents Bible ".course. Hie'h School Course. accredited by the Music. Rnd Home Economics. University of IlHnoil!l. Tbree.year 'Seminary Course. week for $1.00 a year. R.clistratioo" Day. Sept..~ For 1IlustratMl Catal6£ IPrile Ask for pietori,l bulletin and catalogue. THE GOSPEL MINISTER A Week Dr. Gustav Edwards, Pres. CHARLES C. ELLIS, Ph.D.. D.O., 42SS N. Hermitage Ave., Chlcaco.lII. President. Westfield,lodi….

Phone Buckingham 0970

MISSIONARY USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN

REVIEW OF THE WORLD HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ByolESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.O. Recommended by all denominations for Itsfreshness and accuracy, VOL. LVII APRIL, 1934 No.4 for Its simplicity of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

Publication and Business OMce THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. FOR TEACHER8-STUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL Editorial and Executive OMce One hundred and .ixty-eightstories, each complete in itself, yet form- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City ing a continuous narraUve of the Biblefrom Genesi. to Revelation. Entered as second-class matter at Each ofthe world-old storie. i. told by the noted author in a manner Post OMce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act thati. vitaJ]y interesting and instructive to young and old alike. of March 3, 1879. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. BIggest and Best IUustrated Book Ever Sold lor the PrIce Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Beautifully illustrated with 281 picture. in colors and in black and Published monthly. except August. white; over 100 famous Leinweber painting•• 759 pages. PrIce ..$2." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. At 011 book.tore. or from the publi.her. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia _ _• BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items Dr. Willliam B. Millar haS resigned ROBERT E. SPEER, President as general secretary of the Greater WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Bishop Azariah of Dornakal, India, New York Federation of Churches, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer has confirmed 3,054 persons, fifty- a position he has filled with success DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary three within the past year. The Bishop since 1921. SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT has just celebrated the 21st anniver- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD sary of his consecration. He became widely known as organ- WM. B. LIPPHARD izer of the Army and Navy Depart- ERIC M. NORTH *** ment of the Y. M. C. A., which he MILTON T. STAUFFER headed for twelve years and which A. L. WARNSHUIS Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secretary has rendered very effective service to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER American soldiers and sailors and to of the Conference of British Mission- those of other nations. Editorial Chat ary Societies, is visiting the Far East to get a better understanding of the In 1910 Dr. Millar became general The Home Missions Council, at their background of missionary work in secretary of the Laymen's Missionary annual meeting in January, voted China, and to discover what leading Movement in the United States and missionaries and Chinese Christians Canada, a post which he held for the that the following members should are thinking with regard to mission- next ten years. reuresent them on the Editorial Coun- ary policy, in the light of the financial cil of THE REVIEW for the year 1934: stringency with which Societies every- The Greater New York Federation Dr. John McDowell (Presbyterian), where are faced. of Churches began the religious radio Dr. Charles H. Sears (Baptist), Rev. broadcasting in 1923 and it has grown Jay S. Stowell (Methodist), and Dr. *** into a nation-wide service comprising , William R. King (Executive Secre- eleven programs weekly in coopera- tary). This committee cooperates Rev. F. C. Sackett of the Methodist tion with fifty-seven local federations. with the Editor in securing valuable Mission in Secunderabad, Deccan, In- articles and news on the evangelical *** mission work carried on by American dia, received the Kaiser-i-Hind gold churches. One of the valuable results Dr. Enoch F. Bell is the Editor-in- of this cooperation will be seen in our medal, and Miss Ethel A. Gordon, Chief of the newly established Mis- forthcoming June number dealing sionary Herald, at Home and Abroad, with Orientals in America. (See no- Principal of the Church of Scotland which combines the honored Mission- tice on the back cover of this issue.) Training College for Women Teachers ary Herald and the American Mis- sionary. The new magazine will be A correspond*ent*, J*. E.· Koechley, in· Poona, received the Kaiser-i-Hind controlled by the American Board of Silver Medal. Commissioners for Foreign Missions, of Bellevue, Ohio, writes to call our the American Missionary Association, attention to a misstatement in the *** the Church Extension Boards, the February REVIEW (page 70) with Boards of Ministerial Relief, and the Dr. John R. Mott sailed on March Board of Education of the Congregareference to the Roman Catholic 7th for England, on his way to South tional and Christian Churches. The Church and the Bible. It is incorrect Associate Editor will be John R. Scotto say that the "Bible is a closed book Africa, where he will hold a number ford of New York. The headquarters will be at 14 Beacon Street, Boston. to all Catholics except the priest- of conferences under the auspices of the General Missionary Conference Sun~School hood." Selected portions of the Bible have a large place in the liturgy and of South Africa. He is due in Cape Supplies mass. The laity has not, however, Town about April 9th and, after some J~'ou'm/,O ~nNF 7t1~ Hl1 mlet'l1flliofmllers¥tws been encouraged to read the Bible six weeks in the Union of South Afri- -1iJr1l1/ ~1iJtJs ca and Rhodesia plans to proceed and the Church reserves the right of 1ite for over land to the Congo where he will and interpretation. attend an important United Mission- ary Conference.

Dr. Lewis R. *** a well known Scudder, and highly honored missionary of the Reformed Church in America, has re- tired from active service in the Arcot Mission, India, where he and Mrs.

Scudder have been faithfully laboring "The REVIEW* is* an* inspiration to for forty-five years. Though they have reached the age of retirement us; we couldn't live without it, so to Dr. Scudder has been requested to re- speak." MRS. EMMA BARR. main at Vellore to help in the work as "Let me co'"ngr'"atu'"late you most time and strength permit.

heartily upon the wonderful wrork Dr. W. O. L*ewi'"s, f*ormerly profesthat you are doing in connection with THE REVIEW. It is one of the best sor in William Kewell College and missionary magazines that I know." since 1922 special representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- WATCYN M. PRICE, Orga11Jking sion Society in Europe, has recently and Travelling Secretary, Pres- returned to America to confer with byterian Church of Wales. the Board on European problems.

[ 161 ]

PANTHEON OF STRANGE GODS AT PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL

The Missionary Museum at Princeton Includes a valuable library of bo()ks on non-Christian religions ; fetishes, idols and other objects of worship used in many lands; maps, charts and other object lessons that visualize the various religions. This library and museum has been collected through the efforts of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. whose descriptive article appears on page 173.

NARY

REVIB OR'LD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1934 Topics of the Times THE TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD IN tives. Hundreds of missionaries-like Goodell of MISSIONS Turkey, Mary Slessor and David Livingstone of Men and women who make no mistakes, make Africa, Fidelia Fiske of Persia, Carey and Cham- nothing-and that is a mistake. Missionaries are berlain of India, Judson of Burma, Eliza Agnew not perfect; they are not exempt from liability to of Ceylon, Underwood of Korea, Hudson Taylor of China, John G. Paton of the New Hebrides, error. Some have evidently mistaken tbeir call- Jackson of Alaska, Verbeck of Japan, and counting; some have mistaken their message; others mistake the main missionary objective; they have less others-show the character and ability of the mistaken the true marks of success and the Power men and women who have responded to the mis- sionary call. on which it depends. Mission Boards and executives also make mis- Spirit-filled missionaries and work accepted by God have not been found only in one nation, or takes-including the mistake of neglecting to ac- denomination, or in any particular type of organknowledge and correct errors they may have made. ization. They have been and are British, Con- In the appointment of some missionaries, in the tinental, American; they are found among Bapselection of executives, the best use of funds, in tists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, methods adopted on the field, in the attitude of the independents. The same is true of converts and missions toward non-Christian religions, in the native Christian leaders. Nor has one method converts and in the development of the native proved to be effective to the exclusion of all others churches; in all of these mistakes have been made -educational, medical, preaching or the use of and they may as well be recognized and acknowl- literature-all have been used, when marked by edged. Unfriendly critics have discovered them faith and prayer and sacrifice, to prepare the way and published them abroad _ often generalizing and to produce the desired results. on them so as to convey the impression that the whole work is a mistake. But it is not. The value The "trial and error" method in Christian of Christian missions is incontrovertible as seen Mission work has been useful. We have learned in the history of Christian missions. The work by mistakes and may yet learn more in the same as a whole has been marked by loyalty to God and way. But this method is not the only way to reach to Christ and His message; by sacrificial devotion the ideal and is not always necessary· .for each to men's salvation and human progress; by sa- enterprise or for each generation. Experience is gacity in promoting the work; by economy in ex- a good teacher but we can learn by the mistakes penditures; by care in the selection of workers, of others if we will. We shall be saved from and in the winning of men and the training of countless and costly errors if we will study first converts. The history of missions in Africa and the will and plan of God as He has revealed it; in the South Seas, for example, has proved the and then if we will follow His way, without fear power of God to transform primitive savages into or faltering. How many mistakes have been due stalwart intelligent Christians. The results of to a tendency to copy human standards; to pride missions in India and China, in Japan and Korea in building up big organizations and institutions are seen not only in the growing Christian to the glory of men; to desire to appoint 'mission- Churches but in the permeation of national insti- aries and native workers who have intellectual tutions and ideals with Christian truth and mo- capacity and specialized training rather than with [163 ]

first emphasis on spiritual fitness? Has not money out of commission and an official estimate reported occupied too large a place in our presentation of over 2,000 deaths. The fact that the quake came the needs of the Kingdom of God? Have not de- in the early afternoon prevented a more widenominational riv~lries and personal opinions spread mortality. At Jamalpur, Bishop Westcott, hindered Christians from working together har- the Metropolitan of India, had a narrow escape moniously under the direction of the Holy Spirit? when the house where he had been staying col- Separatist and reform movements that have be- lapsed a few moments after he had made a hasty gun with a desire to follow Christ more closely exit. The town of Monghyr, on the Ganges, is in have usually developed into new sects that divide ruins and English Baptist property was destroyed. the followers and the forces of Christ. Relief has been sent to the sufferers and mis- Today while efforts are being made to unite sion school pupils have been taken to Gonda, more closely the various members of the Presby- Arrah and Patna – which also suffered damage. terian body others are endeavoring to separate During the night after the earthquake the Mohamthem. A recent protest has come from some forty medans could be heard reciting their prayers and leaders in the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., the Hindus, shouting "Ram, Ram, Sita Ram." against another movement to divide the mission- Miss J. M. Smith, principal of the Methodist Girls' ary forces. These leaders express their confidence School at Muzaffarpur, writes: "More than ever in loyalty of the Board of Foreign Missions to we feel our responsibility for giving these people Christ and His teachings, their belief in the ability the Gospel of Christ." The Christian Indians and devotion of the missionaries and they testify showed their character in the midst of danger. to the spiritual effectiveness of the work under the "The Lord was not in the earthquake," quotes N. direction of the Board as they have seen it. K. Mukerjee, President of the Indian Christian Association of the United Provinces, but is made A further division in the loyal forces of the known in "the still small voice," and is ever speak- Church is to be deprecated. We believe that it ing to man through His Son Jesus Christ. can be avoided. A definite reaffirmation of loyalty to Christ and of faith in the Bible as the Word of Other news of distress comes from the United God; acceptance of the Board's clear statement Provinces where plague is working havoc, and that the primary object of Christian missions is 1,200 are reported to have died in a few days. to win men to Christ; a removal of any workers With the widespread bathing in insanitary public at home or abroad who do not accept this clear pools and sacred rivers full of sewage, and with statement; a cultivation of the spirit of prayer such disregard for laws of health in living conand dependence on the Holy Spirit in all mission ditions and in care of the sick, the only wonder is work, and a determination to heal breaches and that epidemics are not more prevalent and disto work together in the spirit of Christian love and astrous. loyalty will do much to unite Christ's followers under His leadership. Since no human interpreter Mr. N. K. Mukerjee, in commenting on the is infallible, why should any man or woman as- earthquake, says in The Indian Witness: sume the office of a spiritual interpreter or dictator? "None is good-perfectly good and infal- There is more power in the Divine Voice than in nalible-but One, that is God." "We must all stand ture's mightiest efforts. And as the Lord's absence from before the judgment seat of Christ." the most potent forces of nature (wind, earthquake, fire) was a warning to Elijah not to identify Jehovah exclu- EARTHQUAKE AND PLAGUE IN INDIA sively with these natural phenomena which were but tran- sient vehicles of his self-revelation, so to every age comes On January 15 a destructive earthquake oc- the message that the Lord is to be known fully and comcurred in northeast India, extending from Luck- pletely only when He speaks to man in the person of His now nearly to Darjeeling. The province of Behar, Son: the Living Word. northeast of the United Provinces and bordering on the Himalaya Mountains, suffered most. Many The wind, and the earthquake, and the fire at times but Christian schools and evangelistic centers were harden the heart. The message of the wind and the earthaffected, among them those of the Methodist Epis- quake and the fire can be resisted, but who can resist the copal Church, the English Baptists, Church Mis- "still small voice," the voice of the loving heavenly Father? sionary Society, London Missionary Society, Regions Beyond, and other organi~ations. In Muzaf- CAN TURKS BE CHRISTIANS? farpur, one of the cities where there was great damage and loss of life, the school buildings, the The Aksham, a daily paper published in Istannew church and some bungalows of the Methodist bul, gives a translation of an article on "Chris- Episcopal Mission were wrecked. The city was a tian Turks -in Rumania," written by a former heap of ruins, sanitary arrangements were put Ottoman Senator, Batsarya Efendi. It originally appeared in the Bucharest daily Adeverul, and was considered of enough significance to be copied entire in the Turkish paper. The article, trans- lated, reads as follows: The name "Christian Turks" should not seem strange. We must separate religion from race in this matter. For

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

instance, when we say Rumanian, we give this term a many tribes of Turks who, before the advent of racial significance. The same sort of meaning should be Islam, were Christians and who persisted in their given to the term Turk. This word is not the name of a Christianity even after some had become Mosreligion, but is restricted to mean simply a nationality. lems. These Christians were regarded as good Just as essentially there is no Rumanian religion, so there Turks nevertheless. is no Turkish religion. The majority of the Turks have accepted the Moslem faith; but not all Turks are Mos- The quoted article has made no little impression lems. Some of them have become Christians, or have con- in Istanbul circles, showing that there are Turks tinued to preserve their Christian religion. today in Rumania who are not given the chance Today there are Buddhist Turks, and there are also the so-called Jeraim or Jewish Turks. :But the Christian by the Rumanian Government to have their own Turks are naturally, after the Moslem Turks, the most schools to cultivate the use of the Turkish langim,portant. These Christian Turks are of the Orthodox uage and culture. Every attempt to show that Church and were once more numerous, but a large num- one can be a Christian and still be a good Turk ber have been assimilated by the nationalities among whom they lived. In the centuries when the princip.le of na- is so much to the advantage of those who are now tionality was neglected, and, the matter of religion consti- coming out of Islam and are suffering bitter pertuted the most important distinction between peoples, the secution, in spite of the Turkish law allowing matter of assimilation was important, especially in Turk- freedom to all religions. Practically the only freeish countries. It is true the Moslem Turks, or more exactly dom not allowed seems to be to turn from Islam the Turkish nation, did not consider the Turkish Chris- tians as fellow countrymen. The Christian Turks, even to Christ.

though they were of the same stock, and their mother tongue was the Turkish language, were regarded as MISSIONARIES UNDER ATTACK Greeks or as Bulgarians simply because they were not Moslems. In the schools of these Turks, the teaching was The recent attacks on missionaries in" Egypt in Greek or in Bulgarian. The Turkish Government never thought of the fact that instruction ought to be in their have raised the question as to how far Christians own mother tongue. On the contrary, those whose only should yield ground to opponents of the Gospel. bond with the Moslem Turks was their religion, were reckoned as being Turks. What kept the Christian Turks In Egypt the general opposition to Christian mis- from separating from the others was the fact that neither sions has been greatly accentuated by the unwise among themselves nor by others were they called acts of one independent Swedish Mission in deal- Turks….. . in with a Moslem girl-as described in our Sep- tember number. This led to such extreme false The presence of these Christian Turks, whose national- statements in the public press that bitter hostility istic consciousness and conscience has begun to waken, is a matter that interests the Rumanian Government, and raises the question of the recognition of their cultural and was aroused and led to a demand that all Chrisnational rights. These Christian Turks have the right to tian propaganda be prohibited by the Government. learn their mother tongue in their schools and to use it The newspaper attacks call "evangelism worse in the religious rites in their churches….. . than the white slave traffic" and include charges that missionaries are agents of imperialistic gov- Today the Gagautzis (or Christian Turks in Bulgaria) living in Dobrudja and Bessarabia are under the control and influence of either the Greek or the Bulgarian Church; ernments and that they have endeavored to bring that is, they are reckoned part as Greeks and part as about conversion of youth to Christianity by beat- Bulgarians. But in reality these are Turks, only that ing, by bribery and by misrepresentations; by their religion is Christian. The Christian Turks have the taking advantage of sickness, poverty and ignosame right as other national minorities to organize their own schools. rance; by threats of eternal punishment and even This is a significant argument, for one greAt by hypnotism and immorality. Politics became stumblingblock which has prevented Turks from involved with fanaticism and falsehoods so that acknowledging allegiance to Jesus Christ is the even the Shiekh el Azhar and the Government feeling that to turn from Islam to Christianity is were attacked, because of their inaction, as indif- ferent, incompetent or partners in crime. A deunpatriotic and is a disgrace. Many Turks feel mand was made to close all mission schools and that death is the only sqitable penalty for such to prohibit Christian teaching in hospitals. The treachery. A father recently said that if his Coptic "Society of Sincerity" also expressed a daughter became a Christian, he should feel it his desire to cooperate with Moslems in their opposiduty to kill her for having thus disgraced his tion to evangelical missions. Government censorfamily. A man may be a notoriously wicked char- ship of all Christian books brought into Egypt acter, a thief or even a murderer, but if he is a is urged. good Moslem it is overlooked; but when he be- comes a Christian, he is considered worse than As a result of this agitation the Protestant mis- a dog. For this reason it is encouraging to see sions in Egypt have issued statements denying steps toward persuading people that a man may coercion and bribery and condemning any unfair be a loyal Turk and be a Christian also. Recently methods of attempting to win Moslems to Christ.

there appeared a book by a well-known and re- The Egypt Inter-Mission Council has adopted a spected Turkish scholar, giving the history of statement of policy in mission work, agreeing to

certain regulations and restrictions. This state- sonal character, in righteousness, in loving human ment of policy includes: relationships, in reverence to God and in obedience 1. Disapproval of all use of coercion, material induce- to Him.

ments, use of n1rcotics or hypnotism, fraud and misrepre- MISSIONS IN VACATION LAND sentation as methods of winning converts and as utterly abhorrent to Christian teaching and principles. Christian missionary-minded women have 2. An agreement that it would be advisable if every shown marked efficiency in carrying through the proposed change of religion could be submitted to ad- program of the fifth session of the Florida Chain ministrative authorities, the convert be heard, and op- of Missionary ~ssemblies, in twelve centers, Janportunity be given to dissuade the person concerned, with- out undue pressure. uary 20th to February 15th. The attendance was 3. A proposal that boys and girls should not be baptized large and the program strong. The theme was without the parents' consent, and not be permitted publicly "Christian Discipleship in a New Age," and the to indicate a change of faith until they have reached ma- addresses and discussions, led by a group of repturity. Parental authority is upheld. resentative "Christian w 0 rId ambassadors"

4. Disapproval of all abusive reference to the religious beliefs of others, or scornful treatment of what is held touched many fields of missionary activity at home sacred. and abroad.

5. Agreement that, so far as is possible, none shall be Miss Gertrude Schultz, one of the speakers and admitted to mission schools, hospitals, welfare centers or a Home Base secretary of the Presbyterian Board other institutions without knowing these are Christian of Foreign Missions, says: enterprises.

6. Disclaiming any desire for special privileges for To my mind these Missionary Assemblies represent the Christian institutions and expressing a purpose to sub- finest example of Christian cooperation and fellowship in mit to Governmental regulations which shall be impar- the great world-wide missionary work of the whole tially applied to similar institutions of all faiths, Mos- Church. Through this cooperation it was possible to make lem or Christian. an impression on the whole community. An even greater value is the deepening of the spiritual life of the com- 7. Belief in the right of free speech and a readiness to munity and the arousing of many indifferent people to a cooperate with the Government in maintenance of regula- new appreciation of spiritual values. Another value was tions governing religious propaganda, even notifying" the the information given about the missionary enterprise and Government of the proposed itineraries of missionaries the work carried on in various countries. It presented a and of meetings held outside of premises controlled by demonstration of the fact that people are interested in Christians.

This is going a long ways to meet the objections the deeper things because the crowds came morning, noon of the opponents of Christian missions. It will and night to listen to straight missionary mess~ges.

Another value came from the number of women put to be difficult to carry out these policies fully and it work. In each place a very large committee and many would be impractical to bring every convert be- younger women were drawn into service who heretofore fore some administrative authority with repre- have not had a very vital interest in the missionary entersentatives of both sides present "to argue the prise. case." While Christians have no desire to exercise any undue pressue to persuade others to ac- The secret of the success of these meetings was the prayer preparation and the prayer during the Assemblies. Each member of the faculty was given a prayer partner cept· Christ, and should not observe secrecy in for each place where the Assembly met. This meant that their work, and while they fear no fair arguments, each one had at least fourteen men and women who were it is difficult to see how St. Paul and the early remembering us daily in prayer long before the Assembly Christians could have carried on their work of started and continuing through the whole month of meet- ings. It was a wonderful experience to feel the backing witnessing if, before any voluntary convert could a'nd strength which came from this united and constant be baptized, he or she must have been brought circle of prayer.

before a court and the arguments presented to In each center the speakers were guided to their win a verdict. appointments by hosts and hostesses and each day After all it is the business of all Christians, by after a special period of spiritual fellowship the word of mouth and by a life of loving service, members of the team went out to fill their engage- openly to bear witness to Christ as the true revela- ments. An address of Dr. E. Stanley Jones on tion of God and the only divine Saviour and Lord. "The Spirit and Aim of Christian Missions"

It is the business of non-Christians to decide for brought together 5,000 people in one place.

themselves whether they will accept or reject The success of these Floriga Assemblies seems Him, and whether or not they will openly confess to be due largely to the thorough, prayerful prep- Him before men and follow His Way of Life. aration made, and the earnest purpose of the Schools, hospitals, social service, statistics, church speakers to reveal the need of all men for Christ organizations and even baptisms are secondary and to witness to the power of God where the Gos- matters. The one thing of vital importance is pel is faithfully preached. Controversial topics such a personal relation to God through Jesus which separate Christians were avoided and those Christ that new life has been imparted to the be- were stressed which unite the followers of Christ liever-eternal life-which is manifested in per- in loyal obedience to His leadership.

Approach to Non–Christians *

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., of India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church,. Author of "The Christ of Every Road," etc., etc.

MISSIONARIES are often accused of being Touch the East anywhere and you come out ruthless iconoclasts, walking across the finally at the demand for freedom. We who are susceptibilities of non-Christian people, cradled in liberty can scarcely deny that right to paying little attention to their cultures, to the de- other people.

posit of truth in their ancient religions,' and to Therefore the Gospel, as it comes to the East, the development of their national genius. There must come related to the growing nationalist may be some truth in that contention. We have movement and the growing demand that they be ofttimes been careless; sometimes ruthless; masters in their own house. Our Gospel must again and again we have been blundering in our not seem foreign; it must not cut across that approach to the nations of the East. growing demand; it must stand in the midst to We must take counsel to see whether or not we evangelize these movements that are sweeping are really effectively approaching the nations of across the East. We must put the Gospel at the the East with our Gospel. How shall we ap- heart of these growing movements to guide, conproach the awakened East, the most changing trol and direct them into the proper channels. portion of this globe? Once on a ship, going The second thing that rises out of the welter of around India, I noticed every morning that the things in the East is the impact of Western civilbarometer pointed to change. About the third ization. We might call it the impact of modern, morning, I asked the captain: . scientific attitudes upon the ancient cultures of "Doesn't that barometer ever point to anything the East. It is producing change, upset, skeptibut change?" cism in an amazing way in India. During the past "No," he replied, "because it is out of order." year I found more skepticism there than I had in Any barometer that points to change in the East my previous twenty-six years in that land. A is in order at the present time. young student said to me: Out of the welter of things that are taking place today, at least three compel our attention: "Here we stand; in one hand we have a set of books, Gandhi and Tolstoi; in the other hand we First, the rise of a national demand for free- have Lenin and Marx. We do not know which dom. For centuries the East was asleep; now it way to go, whether the violent, irreligious way is awake from one end to the other, the whole of Marx, or the nonviolent religious way of thing surging with a sense of new national des- Gandhi and Tolstoi." tiny and demand for freedom. A man with the marks of their god, Siva, upon In Benares, there is a new object of worship. his brow, said to me: The relief map of India, the Mother Land, is a "I do not believe in God; the sooner we get rid new object of worship. In the Philippine Islands, a little boy was taking an examination and had to of the idea of God in India the better; religion describe the cow. He did so in the following has held us back."

terms: "I don't know which to believe," I replied; the "A cow is an animal that stands upon four legs, words of your mouth or the marks on your fore- head; they seem to speak contradictory things." fastened at the four corners. A cow gives milk, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." "You- can't tell by the marks on a man's brow The little fellow expressed a desire that is surg- as to what he is thinking in India today," he said. ing through the East. Start anywhere and you "We are just waiting for Gandhi to play out and then what I represent begins." meet the demand for freedom. A nationalist – "What do you represent?" I asked. leader said to me, "We know why you missionaries are here. If "I represent communism," said he. you start at the binomial theory, you end up at Here was a man with all the ancient marks of orthodoxy upon his brow and yet back in his mind conversion." were the newest and most radical theories of so- • An address given at the United Missionary Meetings in New cial change. York City, October 30, 1933.

[167 ]

The third thing that we see in the changing in solitude, with a disciplined spiritual life. It is East is the fact that India wants God. It seems based on a doctrine of fellowship, simplicity and contradictory to the things I have just said, but a corporate quest. We Christians have taken this in spite of the skepticism there is an undertone idea, but at its heart we have put Christ. It has of spiritual hunger for God. It is not a skepti- the idea of monastery, and yet it is not; it is a cism that glories, but a skepticism that is lonely retreat and yet it is not. The ashram is some- because the Great Companion is dead. India is thing with an Indian flavor of peace, calm, poise the most God-thirsty nation upon earth. The peo- and spiritual quest. We have a beautiful hill sta- ple have yearned for God for release. The old tion in the Himalayas, five thousand feet high; India felt that she had to come back for rebirth an estate which I believe was given us by the love after rebirth, eighty-two millions of times. If of God. It has three hundred acres; numbers of one had to do this his spirit would grow weary cottages are scattered across the estate, and there and paralyzed at the appalling number of re- is a centralized bungalow in which we have the births, so religion asked for release. Today, how- ashram. It includes a lake and borders upon two ever, India wants God, not so much for release, other lakes. When the plains are boiling with the as she wants God for reconstruction; for remak- heat, we go aside into this corporate spiritual ing her land; to give inward nerve; dynamic quest. Our purpose is to do two things: first, unselfishness; dependableness of character; some develop the Christian spirit; second, to yoke that power by which to live, not by which to escape with the Indian spirit, so that the coming to- life. gether of the Christian spirit and the Indian The Maharajah of Baroda gave an address at spirit may produce something living, indigenous, Chicago recently in the Parliament of Religions. and not second hand; something truly Indian but He used a phrase which I recognized as a phrase redeemed with the love and power of Christ. So I used in a meeting in India at which he was pres- we live in Indian style and wear Indian clothes, ent. "Religion is a cry for life," he said. In because we want to identify ourselves with the ancient Hindu religion was a cry to escape, to be Indians. We wear khaddar, the Indian home- released. Now it is a cry for life. The Mahara- spun, the sign of the nationalist, although we are jah pad caught the idea. Religion is a cry for not politicians.

life, inner life to match the outer demand, outer The first motto on the wall as you go into the circumstances that one meets every day. India ashram is this: needs God and wants God for the reconstruction "Leave behind all race and class distinctions, of her land. ye who enter here."

Anyone who goes to India with the Gospel must We literally do that. We lay aside all titles.

relate himself to those three great facts in India's There are no doctors, no professors,. no bishops, life. but just people. We are Brother Stanley, Brother Some time ago, in thinking about my own ap- Mohan, Sister Lela and so on.

proach to the East, I found that we must have A second motto on the wall expresses the purthree things to meet these three great demands. pose of the ashram: First, we could not go to India unless we were "Here we enter a fellowship, sometimes we will quite sure of God for ourselves. No man dare go agree to differ, always we will resolve to love and with a mere doctrine about God; he must go to unite to serve." India with God as a living fact, or else fail. We The third motto is: must go aside in a spiritual quest to be sure that "There is no religion or philosophy possible we have a working fact of God in our own lives, where fear of consequences is a greater incentive in order that we may not be fussy purveyors of than love of truth."

professional truth. We must be brother men, So we have a passionate devotion t.o reality, to sharing what we have found as a living, redemp- see where we come out in following truth.

tive power in life. We live a disciplined life. We rise at 5 o'clock Our Christian Ashram in the morning and go out to the prayer knoll to spend an hour in corporate silence; opening with Nine months of the year in India I spend in a hymn and closing with a hymn. Between these evangelistic work; two and one-half months I go we are in corporate silence, waiting for the com- aside with a group, in what we call an ashram in ing of the dawn. God comes across the silences the Himalaya Mountains. There we try to find a in this corporate, silent fellowship. At the close fellowship with each other and redemptive fel- of the hour we march back to the ashram, sing- lowship with God. An ashram is an ancient In- ing a processional hymn, telling how we come out dian ideal, come down through the centuries, of the prayer hour into the day with God. Then where religious teachers would go aside and live we have our morning tea, bread and butter.

OUR APPROACH TO NON-CHRISTIANS

After that we have our work-period, where a free churchman the next. The beautiful thing everybody is assigned something to do with his is, that the high churchman both takes it from us hands. In India, it is not considered respectable and gives it to us. The Quaker is there too. All to work with the hands; no gentleman ever does types and kinds are there in that amazing com- it; that's the reason why we do it! Everybody is munion. At the close we bare our hearts to each assigned a job, no matter who he is. My par- other in a round table conference. Thus we go ticular job was to bring wood from the forest. A through the week.

sirami and I used to do it and I learned to do it We live in extreme simplicity. We have found his way, that is, to carry the wood in on my head. that there are two possible ways of being rich; There were compensations in it; it makes you you can be rich in the abundance of your posses- straight; if you bend your head the load will sions, or in the fewness of your wants. We de- break your neck, so the burden straightens one! cided we would be rich in the fewness of our At the close of that period, we have three hours wants, so we live on about a rupee (thirty cents) of group thinking. Every year we study a sub- a day. There are about thirty-five of us, with ject together. We try to interpret Christianity others coming and going all the time. These through Indian forms and expressions, so they thirty-five are the central nucleus. People are feel it is something that appeals directly to their being transformed there. We try to produce a own hearts. We invite people from all over India miniature Kingdom of God in our relationship to bring up papers; they are read to us as a with each other. That is the first approach we group and then they are published as an ashram have to India by way of God; we must be sure volume. I haven't time to go through the entire that we have something adequate for our own day, but we end at eventide with a lakeside serv- lives. The second approach is a step beyond.

ice, where in quietness we bare our own spiritual The intellectual climate has changed in India. It needs, and in the quietness of that evening hour, has changed from tradition to the attitude of many a life is transformed and made new. looking to the facts; the scientific attitude to- One day a week we keep entire silence. The ward life. In this impact of Western knowledge first year we didn't do that and hqw we survived there has come a d~cay of the reality of religion I am not quite sure. It is a great sense of relief in many minds. Religion must .rehabilitate itself to have one day with yourself and God; to walk in the midst of these fresh currents; it must among people and know that not one single prob- verify itself in the changed atmosphere. Once we lem will be raised, not one question asked. Prac- thought that science and religion were in conflict; tically all of us consolidate our spiritual gains by the situation is clearer now. Today we see, I going into the forest and spending the day in think, some things that we have not seen before.

meditation and prayer. At meal time, we have Science has its province; religion has its prov- some one read to us; without that the silence ince; science is interested in the quantitive as- would be too terrible! One day a week we give pects of life; religion is interested in the qualita- the few servants a holiday and we volunteer to tive aspects. Science has reference to that which take their places. The cook's work is fairly re- can be weighed and measured; religion has ref- spectable, so it is not difficult to get cooks, but the erence to that which can be evaluated. Science sweeper is the scavenger, and the cleaning of the would come to the poetry of Milton and would night soil devolves on the outcast; he has to pay pick out the physical structure of his s~ntences.

the penalty for that necessary work. We felt that Having done so, has it given 'an adequate inter- we had no right to exact that work from the pretation of the poetry of Milton? Religion in- sweeper unless we ourselves were willing to un- terprets the ideas that use the structure of the dertake to do it. But that is not an easy thing to sentence. It takes both science and religion to do, especially when we have high cast Indians give a complete answer to the poetry of Milton.

among us, some of them Hindus. It is not easy Experiments in Religion either for the white Brahmans of the West or the brown Brahmans of India. But both do it with Someone has given as a definition of a violin a sense of elation and joy. However, I noticed solo-not very elegant, but scientific perhaps. It one Brahman convert hesitating and I said, is "the scraping of a horse's tail across the guts "When are you going to volunteer?" He replied, of a dead cat." That is true as far as it goes, but "Brother Stanley, I am converted, but I am not who would say it is an adequate definition of a converted that far." Most of our conversions are violin solo? The violin soloist would say there is only relative! something else there-ideas, emotions, thoughts, On Sunday morning we have communion to- pUlsating and beating through this physical struc- gether, a high churchman gives it one Sunday and ture and using it for a purpose. It takes both

answers to give an adequate answer to what a conference. As men and women unfold what He violin solo is. is doing for them, it seemed that they were find- The situation is clearer between science and re- ing something that other people, not in fellowship ligion now. Each has its province. But some of with Him, were not finding. In other words, here us are not content with that, for it ends up in a was something that was producing effects in hu- multiverse rather than a universe. We wonder man lives, closely akin to what we call salvation, if science and religion can not contribute to each redemption, lifting into a new life, giving of other. Religion can give something to science- power by which to live, hope in the midst of hope- a new spirit, unselfishness, a new instinct for lessness, new nerve to people who have lost their brotherhood. On the other hand, science can give way to live. I watched Christ rise up and take to religion her. method of experimentation. Re- command of every situation because of what was ligion can take some of the spirit of science in her being produced in human life.

quest after the Divine. So we, in round table If I did not know that Jesus had said, "I am conferences, ask about twenty-five or thirty of the the way," I would certainly know it from what leading men of all faiths to come together to face happened at those round table conferences. If I religion in a new way. We have about an equal were a visitor from Mars, sitting at the round number of Christians and non-Christians; in table and heard men speak, I would say, "Who is fact, we have more non-Christians than Chris- this Jesus who seems to do something for people tians, because we don't want them to feel we have that no one else is doing?" He calls forth a packed the meeting. We suggest to the group loyalty, devotion, response that is amazing. There that we have had the dogmatic, the competitive, is something working at life redemptively. Everythe controversial attitudes toward religion; isn't body who comes into the meetings recognizes this it possible we might have an approach more akin fact, though they interpret it in different ways. to the method of science. In the scientific atti- Walking home with a Mohammedan one day, he tude there are three things: experimentation, said to me: "The Mohammedans and Hindus must have verification and sharing of verifications. I suggest we apply those three things. Here been more honest and sincere in that meeting towe are, a group of people experimenting with re- night than you Christians." ligion, using it as a working way to live. As we "That is interesting," I replied; "but I don't have experimented, has God become to us a new understand what you mean." power by which to live? What does religion do "Well," he said, "all of us acknowledged that we had found nothing, and all of you Christians in experience? Will you share your verifications? said you had found something, therefore we must We suggest that no one argue, no one try to'make have been more honest and sincere than you." a case, but that we simply share what religion is doing for us in actual experience. We go around I replied that that was one way of interpreting the circle and each one lays on the table what re- it, but there is another interpretation and that is ligion means or does not mean to him. I would this: Jesus is the way! I believe that He is, and not have believed that the leading men of the East say it, not dogmatically, but out of the facts. would open their hearts in this way if I had not Science goes into the laboratory, puts together cer- tain things and gets certain results. I watch peotried it one day on the spur of the moment, and ple put together certain things – Jesus Christ, it worked. Leading officials, business men, edu- personal surrender, trust, obedience; and to the cators and sometimes rulers will bare their hearts degree they do that there emerges a higher type and tell what religion does or does not mean to of human living, a more victorious type. But I them in experience. I have looked into the souls find no other system producing victorious human of these people in this particular kind of confer- living. Skepticism doesn't. It has no song in its ence for years in a sympathetic way. Surely in heart. those years, certain things will write something In Latin America some years ago, I was speakupon one's heart. ing one day to teachers of Santiago, Chile. After- The Supremacy of Christ wards, the Latin-American head teacher, a bril- liant woman,_but skeptical, turned to me and said, What is the result of it all? I may be con- "Do you know why we come to listen to what you sidered dogmatic perhaps, yet I do not believe have to say? You have a song in your heart; that it is dogmatism; it is actual concrete fact. Latin-America dearly loves music." The world As I have sat day after day listening with sym- wants music and I do not know how to find it pathy and prayer, something has written itself except in ·Jesus Christ."

upon my mind. It is just this: I watch Jesus rise In the Straits Settlements, in a meeting with in supremacy in the midst of every round table the Chinese, as we went around the circle, it came

the turn of a Chinese teacher to tell what religion ginning of this work, a verse was given to me: was doing for him. He said: "Be not anxious what you shall speak; for it is "Some time ago I wrote in my New Testament not you who speak, but the spirit of your' Father these words at the top, 'It works!' with an ex- which speaketh in you." I cannot remember any clamation point. Under it I wrote these words: situation in these meetings where this was not 'You ask me for a definition or an explanation and proved true. There were some close calls! A I may not be able to give it, but this I know, my man got up one day and said, "Can you put your religion works! I put it under life, it learns to finger on a verse where Jesus says that he is the live; I put it under sorrow, it learns to sing. son of God? Please give me the chapter and Thank God, it works !' " verse." I had a hazy notion where one could be I believe this is true. To the degree that we found, but I didn't know exactly where; I threw work it, Christian faith works. I said that to a open my New Testament with a prayer, and the very modern young woman in California a few first verses my eyes fell on were those where weeks ago and she replied: Jesus met the man who had been born blind, and "But you don't know how skepticism has eaten He had healed him. Jesus asked, "Dost thou be- into my heart and spirit; I believe in nothing; I lieve on the Son of God?" And the man said, can't grasp a thing." "WJ:l.O is he Lord, that I might believe on him?"

"You try it," I answered, "if it doesn't work for Jesus replied, "Thou hast both seen him and it is you, don't take it." he that speaketh unto thee."

She walked out, saying that she would try it. I inwardly gasped, and then read it off as A few hours later a message came from her say- though I had known all about it all the time! I ing: "Tell Dr. Jones 'it works.''' It does. thanked God for the quiet little miracle! I believe I believe that second approach is sound. We in an untrammeled God. We allow the people to feel in approaching the East through the round ask questions and sometimes they ask until we table conferences we are using a scientific method are exhausted. We run our meetings, not by the and that here real Christianity comes to its own. hourglass but by the heartbeat; we go on until The third way of our approach to the East is a we are exhausted. Sometimes the meetings are full of tension, but never do they leave bad blood. method based on the other two. We would not I have never had a disturbance of any kind. The dare go the third step unless we were willing to whole situation is surging with national excitego the first two. We must be quite sure of our ment; the whole of India is seemingly sitting on own spiritual lives and then we must be willing the lid of a volcano, and yet there has never been to put that down along side of other people's way a disturbance of any kind in my meetings-except of life, to test it out there. After doing the first one night. That night the Nationalists saw the two, we are now prepared for the third-public Government officials come and they surrounded announcement of assured results. We are now the meeting and yelled their national yells for prepared to preach, since we ourselves have been three-quarters of an hour. I asked my audience experimenting and have found something. Our if I should go on. They asked me to do so. I third approach is through the public meeting. preached the Gospel of brotherhood and goodwill We have non-Christian chairmen, some of them while the storm was raging. It was a good time very able men; some of them are highly cultured to preach it! When the Nationalists heard what kind of a meeting we were having they apologized men; most all of them both, but some of them and said, "We will come in ourselves." The last you would not have in your evangelistic meetings night one of them arose and read a paper thankat the home base! We allow the chairman to say ing me for what I had been saying to them about anything he wishes. He has a right to negative Jesus. practically everything I say, if he wishes to do it. I feel that if the Gospel cannot stand this, it is ANew Day in India weak. If someone's words can cut under and de- stroy and break it, then the Gospel has not much This is a new day in India as far as the acceptreality. . ance of Jesus is concerned. The people deeply At the close of the meeting we always allow reject many things in Western civilization; they the audience to ask questions. The Indian mind is are embittered against Western products and as good as yours; they love argument; they are forms, yet all the time there is a slow permeation keen minded and philosophical. Moreover, we and saturation of Jesus in the situation. He is have from twenty-five to one hundred or two hun- rising to dominance, changing the outlook, the dred lawyers at each of these meetings and to ex- spirit and the mentality of non-Christians.

pose one's self to these questions to be answered Canon Holland one day said to me, "I can't help without hesitation on the spur of the moment, is but contrast this series of meetings with the series to expose one's self to disaster. But in the be- I arranged for John R. Mott twenty-five years ago.

He spoke to that audience for three nights and youth with Christ's hands on his shoulder; Christ dared not mention the name of Jesus Christ until with His other hand was pointing toward somethe fourth night, and when he did the whole meet- thing that seemed to challenge them. I asked the ing broke up in confusion; the leading Hindus young men to feel His hand upon their shoulder stalked out. The name of Jesus Christ stood for and follow Him. At the close, a young man came everything that they hated. Now you begin the to me, dressed in the purest khaddar, the sign of a name of Christ from your first word; you inter- Nationalist, and said, "This morning I was down pret Him for them in the light of their need; they there at the docks crying, "Simon go back," but sit here night after night and want more of it; I tonight I feel Christ's hand upon my shoulder; I am astonished at the difference." hear Him saying to me, 'Come forward with me,' and I come." We have tried then to approach the East first, through our personal fellowship; second, through We hope that some day we will be more Christhe round table; and third, through an open and tian; we hope that we can Christianize the confrank declaration of Jesus Christ as the Saviour tacts with the East better than we are doing. In of men. We believe that we face in India today the meantime, Jesus Christ is penetrating India, the gravest situation we have ever faced. They penetrating into the soul of the East. What do are deeply embittered against the West, but they we ask, then, of you. Give us your intelligent, are more and more turning to Jesus Christ. I spiritual backing; give us a far finer type of was in Bombay when the Simon Commission Christianity. If you will give us this backing for landed. This was an all-white commission, come the next ten, fifteen or twenty years, I believe to decide the political destiny of India. The In- that we shall see some of the greatest conquests dians deeply resented this, feeling their destiny the Christian Church has yet experienced. was to be decided by white people. So when the Commission landed in Bombay, they were met At the close of one of my meetings, the Hindu at the docks by a chant of the crowds which said, chairman said: "If what the speaker has said to- "Simon go back!" "Simon go back!" It was the night is not true; it doesn't matter; but if it is revolt of the East against the dominance of the true, I tell you nothing else matters." If the Gos- West. We wondered if we could have a meeting pel of Jesus Christ is not true, the sooner we get that night since processions were going up and rid of it the better; but if it is true, then nothing down the streets with black banners. But our else matters. We ought to have a Christianity at crowds came; they were not only there, but it was the home base that is taken as seriously as the the same eager crowds as before. When, at the communist takes his communism. The hour has close of my talk, I described a picture I had seen come when the Christian Church must give a more that night on my way to church-a picture of a complete surrender to Jesus Christ or must sur- render Him entirely. We cannot ,give Him up I True and False Religion From Dnyanodaya, Poona, India DR. OTTO, at the Jerusalem Missionary Con- point out that Jesus not only helps men by the ex- ference, said: "I went out to India with the ample which makes Him unique, but also by His idea that Christ was the prolongation of redeeming Cross which gives Him a place all His other truths but not essentially different. I have own in dealing with the problem of the world's sin. come back convinced that in Christ we have not merely prolongation of other truths, but differ- There is a growing feeling among missionaries ence in quantity is so great that it amounts to a and the Christian Church in the East that Chrisdifference in quality. He is not merely the More; tian people should not join hands with those of He is the Other." Jesus Himself gathered up other religions in fighting secularism and skepfrom the Hebrew past all that was noble and beau- ticism. We can help to overcome the secularistic tiful and then He showed wherein the past had ideal by cooperating with other religions in confailed. Too often we have wounded the sensitive fronting secularism by the spiritual interpreta- East because we have reversed the Master's order tion of life, but danger arises when the assumpof thought and action. Like Jesus and His apostles tion is made that any religion is better than no we need first to establish our point of religious religion at all. In the name of religion some of contact with our hearers, basing our teaching as the most terrible things have been done. Jesus much as possible on what the people have known, Himself declared the Temple must be destroyed, and pass on to what is new and helpful. If we since it had come to shelter within its ancient adopt this method we shall inevitably be led to walls a false religion that lay heavy burdens on helpless people. A Museum of Objects and Methods of Worship at Princeton By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Author of "Across the World of Islam"

ORIGINALLY museums were thought of as stated by a representative of the rationalist and storehouses for specimens and exhibits. evolutionary school. Revelation or evolution; God Today the educational function of a mu- or man; supernaturalism or naturalism. We need seum predominates and the curio type of collec- in the study of religions and of Christian missions tion is being replaced with to face this issue, and the material suitable for cultural deeper we explore the so-called and practical 1i n e s. The values of the non-Christian museum as an institution of religions the more we discover popular education is fully the bankruptcy of their sote- recognized by the atheist riology and ethics, and the propagandists of the Soviet hunger of the human heart Union. Anti-religious mu- for the living God.

seums, as well as traveling The inspiration to have a exhibits for anti-religious museum of the history of re- propaganda, are part of the ligion and of missions at communist program. The Princeton Theological Sem- largest of these museums is in inary came anew to me at the Leningrad, in what was for- time of a visit to the Univer- merly the great cathedral of sity of Marburg, Germany.

St. Isaac. The one in Moscow Since 1929 that University opened in November, 1929, owns a collection which is the was visited in one year by over basis for an Institute of Re- 200,000 people. Are c e n t ligious and Missionary Re- writer states: "There is no search. The founder was the doubt that of all the forms of Professor of Theology and anti-religious propaganda the Comparative Study of Reli- museums are the most effec- gions, Dr. Rudolf Otto. Under tive and convincing. They vis- the direction of Dr. Heinrich ualize the anti-religious mes- Frick the amount of material sage and seek to prove it by has grown to such proportions carefully and pointedly se- that the temporary rooms we lected facts and original evi- saw are no longer adequate.

dence." The present plan is to obtain Not only in Russia, but on the old Marburg castle for the the part of liberals in theology purpose. They have an ambi- the attack on religion and on tious program for religious man's need of a revelation is research, a study of the geo- in evidence. "Noone any graphical expansion of the various r~ligions, and correlonger believes," says Reinach, "that even quaternary man IMAGE OF KRISHNA WITH FOUR HANDS, WOR- spondence with missionaries SHIPPED ALL OVER INDIA AS ONE OF THE on the field for the solution was iwgenoardamntt.tofth reeliggriao· tnu;ttouuns- GREAT HINDU INCARNATIONS of living problems on the l ess OF DEITY and puerile hypothesis of a primitive revelation presentation of the Gospel to non-Christians.

we must seek the origin of religions in the psy- The Princeton Museum is more modest in its chology of man, not of civilized man, but of man ambitions and attainments. Our present collec- the farthest removed." That is the issue, clearly tion has found a place on the third floor of Stuart [173 ] Hall but has already outgrown its somewhat end of rosaries apparently began sometime after cramped quarters. The nucleus of a collection al- this rosary was made. It is an extremely ancient ready existed in gifts from the Seminary Alumni, type and probably came down in Gregory's family and no institution has a larger number of alumni from the time of the Crusades. With it is a scattered throughout the world in various mission leather case to enclose it when not in use. It has stations. Since 1818, when Henry Woodward, the Colonna, Gregory's family coat of arms, handthe first foreign missionary graduate went to somely embossed upon it. The use of a rosary Ceylon, down to the present, there have only been apparently had its origin in India among the Budthree classes in more than a century that have not dhists. It was taken up in Islam at the time of sent representatives to the foreign field. Today the Indian conquest, and, according to many, the we have a total of nearly six hundred graduates Crusaders brought the Rosary as an aid to worwho are foreign missionaries. The illustrations ship to the Western Church. that accompany this article give glimpses of the Museum. On a large central raised platform "From India we may trace the spread of the there is a collection of gods and goddesses which rosary to the Buddhists of Ceylon, Burma and face the visitor like a pantheon on entering the Siam (known as the Hinayana or the Southern School), and especially in Tibet, where in Lama- THE PERSONAL ROSARY OF POPE GREGORY XVI ism the faith of Gautama reached its lowest level, (1831-1846) and then the rosary, along with other customs, spread to Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan." Museum. They include a large marble Buddha The rosary is used by all classes of Mohammedans from Siam and a collection of Buddhas from other and in all lands today, with the exception of the lands, in bronze and carved wood,-the elephant- Wahhabis in Arabia. Many of the rosaries are of headed god of India, statues of Kuanyin, the god- rare or unusual materials. One of the best is a dess of mercy; a considerable collection of string of genuine amber beads. They are rather wooden images worshipped in West Africa, and roughly cut and were probably fashioned by the household gods of China. Anatolian camel drivers. There is also in this collection a rosary from Turkey, made of the gall To the left of the central platform is a large stones of cattle. Rosaries used by Buddhists glass case containing the rosary collection of Dr. are often of semi-precious stones and of beautiful Cornelius H. Patton of the American Board, workmanship. One is made of faultless, round whose book on "The Rosary" is a classic. During crystal beads, strung on a heavy white silk cord, a long career in religious work he has made a with tassels of white silk. Others of lapis lazuli, special study of rosaries and assembled the many exquisitely fashioned and strung on blue cord beautiful specimens that are on view at Prince- with blue silk tassels. There are a few of real ton. The collection, valued at about four thou- jade of a rich green color. Others are of agate sand dollars, includes rosaries of great beauty or agates in combination with other stones. and some with historical associations. One of the latter was the personal rosary of Pope Gregory Shown with the rosaries are the baskets in XVI, which, of course, has particular interest. which the Buddhists keep their beads. Many are It is made of gold and agate beads and ends in a lacquer cases, handsomely ornamented. There is tassel, not a crucifix. Use of the crucifix at the one on display at Princeton made of bamboo in octagonal shape, fashioned in a delicate lace-like design. It has survived all these years the wear and tear of use and is still in perfect condition.

The Moslem collection includes a rosary from Stamboul, of very small beads of olive wood, nine hundred and ninety-nine in number, divided into nine sections of 100 each and one section of 99 beads. There is the usual parent-bead (or minaret), to which is attached the counter-string of ten beads. The unique features are this coun- ter and the smallness of the beads. The rosary is so delicate th;tt it can be slipped into a vest pocket, and by means of the counter string the user can keep tally of ten thousand petitions.

On the opposite side of the Museum in a similar large case we find a collection of Japanese musical instruments used in temple worship, models of Chinese Confucian shrines, ancestral tablets, etc.

VISUALIZING THE RELIGIONS

A large map on the wall portrays the spread of character can be studied here from first-hand evi- Islam and its various sects. On tables there is a dence.

fairly complete collection of fetishes, charms, The Museum is greatly appreciated by the stu- masks and drums used in the animistic cults of dents. One of them declared: "All the reading Western Africa. In another section one finds a in the world about a fetish cannot give us the case devoted to Judaism. Here are tiny cases for understanding or make the impression in regard to fetishes that we get from handling one such weird object as we had in class a few recitations ago. Furthermore, when we can see the objects or means of worship, e. g., totems, fetishes, ro- saries, it stirs· our finer qualities into action. It prompts to love, understanding, pity, awe, rever- ence, respect, and desire to help others, and en- larges our love for our God whom no man hath seen at any time, but who reveals Himself in the matchless life of Jesus Christ."

Our visitors have included not only students from colleges, but Sunday school classes and Women's Missionary Societies from many neigh- boring towns. Objects from-the exhibit are ANCESTRAL TABLETS AND INCENSE-HOLDERS loaned to the students and to· missionaries resi- FROM CHINA dent in Princeton, for use in object-talks in Sun- the law that hang on the doors of Jewish homes; day schools and churches. A missionary from a ram's horn used in the temple on feast days; China on furlough writes: "I went into the Mulittle huts for the festival of Palms or Succoth, seum to see what I could find that would help me candlesticks and similar articles. to make Christ and His message more real to the Chinese. Almost immediately I espied a small Manuscripts of sacred books are also found in cabinet which contained articles illustrating Judaour museum. Some of them in Pali on palm leaves, others on vellum. There is a polyglot Koran printed in India in four languages, and portions of the Koran written on the shoulder- blades of camels from Arabia! Photographs of pulpits, temples and mosques, diagrams of the chief cosmologies of ancient and present-day re- ligions are found in the history of religion section.

The division on the history of missions will, we hope, soon have large ancient and modern maps, showing the expansion of the Christian faith, chronological and statistical diagrams re- cording the growth of Christianity and early copies of the Bible in various languages. Through the kindness of alumni in China we already have rubbings of the famous Nestorian monument in Western China and a number of rare Chinese scrolls both Confucian and Buddhist. In the col- lection which illustrates Islam in China, we have a complete set of Chinese-Moslem publications, and of the posters used in their mosques.

We have also a fairly complete collection of com- THE DURRAH OR WHIP USED IN MOSQUES OF CENTRAL munistic propaganda material. In spite of all that CHINA TO CHASTIZE THOSE WHO ARE NEGLIGENT IN has filtered through from Russia, regarding the PRAYER. THE CAPS ARE FROM PERSIA AND ARE anti-religious activities of the Soviet, one is WORN AT PRAYER TIME IN THE MOSQUES .oF PERSIA shocked at the display of these crude and blasphe- ism. On top of the cabinet was a book entitled mous posters of atheistic Bolshevism. Cartoons "Jewish Ceremonials and Institutions." I glanced that depict God being dumped out of a wheelbar- through it, and saw that it was a book that would row, head first, and that show Christ as the first be of help to me in explaining to the Chinese the bootlegger at the Last Supper. The bitterness of Hebrew feasts and ceremonials, as they are prac- this anti-religious movement and its revolutionary ticed by the orthodox Jews today. Inside the cab-

inet I saw, among many curious objects, a tiny truths in the History of Religion that can be more metal case, which contains a small roll of parch- vividly presented in such a way than by lectures ment, upon which is written in Hebrew, Deut. and textbooks. The knowledge of other religions 6: 4-9, and 11: 8-9. This 'Mezuzah' is nailed to undoubtedly is valuable to the missionary who is the door-post of every loyal Jew's house. Then anxious to find points of contact between himself right alongside a small scroll containing in He- and the heathen world, valuable for comparative brew, 'the Table of the Law,' and near by a card- purposes, to show wherein Christianity excels all board model of a Jewish booth (Succoth), illus- other religions, valuable also as showing that trating the booths in which the Children of Israel these religions were providential anticipations of dwelt during the Feast of Tabernacles. All these a wider and more important truth; but most of all, valuable because it creates a spirit of sym- pathy and "compassion for the ignorant and those that are out of the way." As Kipling says: o ye who tread the Narrow Way By Tophet flare to Judgment Day Be gentle when the heathen pray To Buddha at Kamakura.

WOODEN IDOLS FROM THE CAMEROUNS. WEST AFRICA. Some of the non-Christian religions are dy- ONE IS A CURIOUS TWIN-GOD ing or disintegrating. Invaluable material I plan to secure when I go to New York City in will soon become rare. The same is true rethe near future, and I shall take them with me to garding the material illustrative of the early China to show to our Chinese Christian leaders history of the missionary enterprise and the and the students in the Men's and Women's Bible Schools." work of the pioneers. As one of the secre- taries of the American Board wrote: "I am We need such a museum at Princeton to rightly glad you are thinking of building up a museum understand and interpret the groping after God at Princeton, as it is becoming increasingly and the hunger for communion with Him in the difficult to secure the right kind of material non-Christian world. Eye-gate has too often been particularly when it comes to collecting the neglected in missionary education, while ear-gate idols of the polytheistic religions." only has been besieged. There are facts and Can you spare anything for our Museum to illustrate the spread of the non-Christian re- lig.ions? The idea of God as shown by idols, symbols, fetishes; illustrative material on prayer and worship; mottoes used in temples or mosques; amulets, or prayer wheels; pho- tographs of great religious leaders, of saints' tombs; samples of the sacred books in the original text; or something to illustrate the burial customs and the belief in a future life and resurrection among primitive tribes-all this would be gratefully received. In regard to the History of Missions, maps, photographs of the pioneers in the field, large photographs of hospitals and institutions of edu- cation would be specially welcome. Also samples of the tracts and books that have been found most useful, and Bible pictures with a special artistic value. We would also like photographs of con- verts or groups of converts and diagrams show- ing the growth of the Christian Church.

"The whole country seems to be stirred, and people are coming to the services from dis- tances of from seven to ten miles from the mission station. The churches are full, and the people who cannot get inside throng around the windows and doors, listening to the mes- sage of salvation by the preacher. There seems to be a real awakening."-Report from Angola, Africa.

MAN, "BILL" HENDERSON, DEEDED HIS FARM TO THE CHURCH, IN ORDER

THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE MOUNTAINS MIGHT "HAVE A CHANCE"

The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountains By REV. M. A. DAWBER, B.M.

Superintendent of Rural Work, Methodist Episcopal Church W E HAVE heard much of late of the "for- some seven million people are living today in gotten man," but nobody seems to know America under the conditions of illiteracy, under- just specifically who he is. He would seem nourishment and ill-health and economic poverty to be the man who has been left unprovided for such as is characteristic of mountain people.

in the Government's last relief program. There To such people the Christian Churches have is, however, a "forgotten man" to be found in the been ministering for the last sixteen years in mountains of Tennessee, Kentucky, North and mountain missions. Wherever we have gone there South Carolina. He has been overlooked by Gov- has been real achievement, and in the places where ernment, both national and state. To the Chris- work has been established over a period of time tian Church belongs the credit for any progress life has been greatly changed and the community and development that he has made. The first sur- transformed.

vey of these mountain people ever made by the Moonshine in the Mountains Government was recently completed. Even this did not initiate with the Government but was The greatest injury done to the mountain peo- prompted by the Mountain Workers' Conference, pIe comes from those who do not know them or a body of Christian workers of several denomina- understand them and who have no real sympathy tions engaged in missionary work among moun- for them. They have spread erroneous ideas of tain people. This survey reveals the fact that the prevalence of feuds, moonshine, etc., that do [177 ]

not reflect the general standards and ideals of Again the mountaineer does not see the differmountain people. It is true that these Southern ence between making bread and making whiskey Mountains are the land of feuds, of hatred and out of his own corn. Until recent years corn vengeance, but it is also true that it is a land of whiskey was about the only thing that the mounlove and neighbors, of families and homes that are taineer could conveniently haul out of the mounas loyal to each other and the nation as any other tains and sell for cash with which to pay his people in America. Illiteracy, feuds and moon- taxes. Bad roads, and the lack of crops that were shine are vanishing much more rapidly than the marketable restricted him to a commodity like stories about them. The trouble is that it takes moonshine. However, during recent years, and so long to live down the conception of a people since the passing of prohibition, the business has that, while true yesterday, is not true today. increased rapidly, but this has been due to the influx of bootleggers from the cities who imme- One question often asked is, "Why do the moun- diately discovered the mountains as a safe refuge tain people make moonshine?" We might ask an- for the manufacture and storage of their product. other question, "Why did our grandparents make Again, we call attention to the fact that so far as it and use it so generally?" Let us remember that the oncoming generation of mountain youth is many of these mountain people are still at the concerned they will have nothing to do with it. stage of development where our grandparents left Not a boy nor girl who has gone through our off. There is, however, another answer to the mountain mission schools has been known to be question: Mountain people do not make it. A few engaged in this illicit business. Given a few more of them do, but it is as unfair to stigmatize the years and moonshine will be a thing of the past. whole mountain people with this charge as it is to say that Americans are all bootleggers. We might Illiteracy Feuds and Poverty go even further and say that granting the moonshiner exists, he does not begin to be the moral The conditions that have been cited as responmenace and the lawbreaker that the burglar and sible for moonshine are also factors that account the bootlegger are in other parts of the country. for illiteracy. We must keep in mind that before Usually he is a kind, honest neighbor and, in his these people migrated to these isolated mountain local community, a worthy citizen. His crimes sections they were intelligent and well schooled. are committed against the outsider who interferes There is a natural intelligence that obtains today and with"ihe far-away Government at Washing- in spite of the absence of modern education. They ton. These he considers have no right prying into were much better educated than the average of his private affairs, and when engaged in doing so their day. Beveridge in his volume on John Marare apt to receive dangerous treatment at his shall tells us that, "In Virginia in 1755 that more hands. than forty per cent of the men who made deeds or served on juries could not sign their names, al- A story is told of a certain northerner who de- though they were of the land-owning and better sired to see a mountain still, so he requested a educated classes." The ancestors of the mounmountain boy to lead him to a secluded place in taineer were an intelligent, sturdy and courageous the mountains to see one. The reward for this people, Scotch and Scotch-Irish, they brought service was to be two dollars. They had walked with them the sterling convictions and character a few hundred yards on the way when the boy re- of their generation that was rooted in the more quested payment in advance. The man said no, than average education of their day. But once but that he would pay when they got back. "No," settled in the more isolated mountains of this replied the boy, "I want it now, for you ain't country they found it impossible to provide the a-coming back." This illustrates the attitude that educational facilities that they and their forethe mountaineer has to those who are inclined to fathers had enjoyed. interfere in his affairs. The home mission boards have worked hard There are yet other considerations that must be over this problem, and again we say, give us a few understood if we are to deal fairly with this ques- years longer and illiteracy will be no more. There tion. In the mountains there are almost no doc- are still a few mountain judges who cannot read tors, no drug stores, no place to which the moun- nor write, so I am told. I heard of one recently taineer can go for medicinal supplies, even could who did not want to appear illiterate so he always he afford them. As one mountaineer put it: carried a Sears and Roebuck catalog around with him when he held court. One day he had before "Let ary a thing go wrong with the family, him a man charged with some offence and after fever, or snake-bite, or something, and we can't all the evidence had been presented the old judge git a doctor up hyar less'n three days or a week; turned over the Sears and Roebuck catalog and and then it cost scand'lous. The only medicines then remarked, "You will be fined three dollars we-uns has is yerbs, which cain't be drunk without a leetle grain wriskey."

THE "FORGOTTEN MAN" OF THE MOUNTAINS

and seventy-five cents." The man began to pro- it should be included in the general program for test, but his neighbor, who was with him said, rural progress. While in the more favored sec- "Shut up, Jake, and thank goodness he was look- tions it is a·question of more successful producing at pants and not pianos." Such stories will tion to capture the market, in the mountains it is not apply to the oncoming generation of mountain a matter of more successful production to feed people. themselves. The main economic problems of the mountains involve.better agriculture and better The fact is that a mountaineer does not know transportation. A subsistence program of agrithe feud as we understand it. They speak of it as culture and industry is in process of development. "the trouble" or "the war," but never "the feud." The mountains are, in all probability, ahead of Ordinarily they are as peace loving and kind and other sections in such a program. It is no longer gentle as anyone-just as ready to render a kind- possible to point the young people to something ness for a good deed done as to return evil for evil. outside the mountains as the economic hope and Mountain people's likes and dislikes run strong. solution to their poverty. The cities and rural A deep emotional spirit dominates all their ac- sections elsewhere are no better off, if as well off, tions. Add to this the problems that arise from in this respect. The average mountain family can intermarriage, boundary lines, and the insular life be helped to raise its own living, to supply their that is inevitable, and it is easy to understand why own needs, and with a very small money income trouble between families becomes intense. The they are comparatively independent. Much of the conditions of isolation are the greatest factor in land needs to be revitalized with suitable crop rothe feud problem. Mountain people have always tations to build up the soil and to hold it on the settled their own problems in their own way. The steep mountain sides during the winter rain absence of surveyors to establish the exact bound- washes. In too many instances it has been planted ary lines between neighbors gave rise to all kinds year after year for the same crop-corn. Some of disputes that had to be settled locally. The time ago in one of the cabins, where I had counted distance to the nearest lawyer was also a problem. thirteen children, as I was about to leave I looked "Why bother with those outsiders; let's settle it up at the barren hillsides and asked my mountain ourselves." This isolation has made it more con- host what he raised there. "Why," said he, in his venient to settle their own misunderstandings and characteristic mountain drawl, "we raise corn, an grievances in their own way and has led to much pork, an childer, but I allow its mostly childer." of the hatred and bloodshed; it has also made it This, of course, sets forth in homey fashion the difficult for them to follow the pathway of the law economic problem of the mountains. There are and order. other economic problems, a hundred of them, but they will root in the simple statement of this But this again is, for the most part, in the yes- mountain man. terdays. On a recent visit to Henderson Settle-. ment, Mr. Frakes, the Methodist Superintendent, The Christian Church is facing this task as well called my attention to four children playing to- as moral and spiritual needs. We have assisted gether. They were the orphan children of two in many ways in the development of a type of men who took each other by the left hand and shot agriculture that will make fot the highest possible it out by the right hand. Such a method of set- production on mountain soil. Poverty, ignorance, tling a dispute will have no place in the thinking moonshine, disease and strife are gradually being of these children. They have been taught the eliminated in the program that is being fostered better way of -love. by home missions work. This, of course, is only laying material foundations upon which to build a The major mountain problem here as elsewhere more satisfying spiritual life. is economic. It is a rural problem and, as such, Then, Let Us Pray ~.

The day was long, the burden I had borne We cannot tell how often as we pray Seemed heavier than I could longer bear; For some bewildered one, hurt and distressed, And then it lifted-but I did not know The answer comes, but many times these hearts Some one had knelt in prayer. Find sudden peace and rest.

Had taken me to God that very hour, Some one had prayed, and faith, a lifted hand And asked the easing of the load, and He Reached up to God, and He reached down that day, In infinite compassion, had stooped down So many, many hearts have need of prayer- And lifted the burden from me. Then, let us, let us pray. -Author Unknown.

of Indian Hearts and Hearths*

By ELISABETH W. CONKLIN, Chittoor, Madras, Pres.

Missionary of the American Arcot Mission I N INDIA I do not feel so far away from Amer- "You have not given us an opportunity to take ica, when almost every day, as I drive down all that are on the plate," I said, smilingly, and the long, dusty street in Chittoor, a very dear added, "but we are thrilled to have you honor us Indian friend delights to talk of her brother in with this silver service."

"Puff-keepsie." Dressed in her graceful costume, Several times, in other Indian homes I had speaking for the great throng of Indian women, blistered my lips because I have not yet 'learned she might greet you with the words of another how to drink hot coffee without touching my lips Indian girl who said, to a world audience on the to the cup. Gladly I had suffered, thinking that air: I was appreciating the extreme courtesy extended.

You stay at home; but is it anywhere With exquisite tact, my hostess protested: Written or said, "You do not share?" "Ah, but this silver protects our orthodox neigh- bors from us."

You stay at home; but right in your own home By the;'se of a different pronoun "our" than You reinforce us, though you never come. for "us," she subtly included herself with our out- You stay at home; but if you only knew caste selves! Those of us who knew that she was How we across the sea rely on you! an "unmarried widow," caught a glimpse of the You do come over, if your hearts are there. ache in that starved mother-heart, because she had And thus, more than you know, you do share. no husband, home or child of her own. Though she is not numbered among the Christians in Mis- One of my most precious friendships in Chittoor sion reports, she is a beloved auntie to her eight began on this wise. Just as we were sitting down nieces in that home which is being transformed by to tea, I was called into the drawing-room to greet her own Christ-illumined life. a lovely, glossy-haired, lustrous-eyed Indian lady, One day we were returning along a deserted, whose graceful palms were touching in the less- 'dusty road, in the heavy, hot sunlight of midday. common greeting between equals. I offered her We were disheartened and despondent at the desa plate full of freshly baked sponge cakes. She perately impoverished condition of our Christian deftly fingered the folds of her heavy silk saree, villages, because of the failure of the rains. India as her understanding eyes searched mine. Slip- truly is "The Land that Looks Up to the Sky." ping all the cakes into an improvised pouch in The burning sunlight is our chief protection from one end of her saree, she answered with unerring disease, but the rain is the source of food as well as drink. Are we better Christians because we directness my clumsily concealed surprise. "You do not yet know our customs," she ex- are always hungry? Here again, the difference in plained in utter naturalness. "If you had come to the pronoun "we," as I can use it, being one of us. my house and I had offered you cakes, I should In many, many Christian homes, "the mother, starved for her brood," with her two hands dips have expected you to take them all, as I have. out, from the pitifully-scant allowance of daily Should you take only one, we would throw the rest "bird-seed" for her family, the "Lord's portion," away, for none of us would touch any of those to be set aside each day. On Sunday, before the remaining after you had touched the plate. I rude altar of the tiny, mud-walled school-church, thought you also would not care to eat any after each woman, Jrom one corner of her cloth empties I had touched the plate." the week's portions on the cloth spread to receive A few days later, accepting her invitation to tea, we were charmingly welcomed into her it. Are we ready to observe even one Golden Rule brother's semi-European home. She served us in- Diet-day a week, so that we may set aside our dividual portions on silver plates and in silver "Lord's Portion"? Do we give our car one day's rest in seven, or deny ourselves a "wave-set" cups. (masculine or feminine, radio or hair) for His • An address prepared for the Florida Chain of Missionary Assem- Treasury? blies, 1934 (not given as here printed). • [180 ] As we travel along the dusty road, thus musing is not safe for her to be in our house when I am and praying, we catch up with a cart, which looks not there." Weeks pass and I visit the ward in like a tiny loaf-of-bread-on-two-wheels, rocking to the Government hospital where the wife is waitthe gait of its diminutive bullock. Robin has ing with bandaged eyes. Her two youngest chiladroitly steered his drowsy nose from intruding dren are playing contentedly. From bed to bed, behind the swaying curtain at the crust-end of the the mother feels her way, while eager hands of loaf, when a furtive eye compasses the deserted caste women reach out to draw her nearer. Each landscape, and two excited ankles with tinkling one is eager to sing the special lyric that she has anklets slip down on the dusty road. The owner learned, or to tell the story and recite the verses brings to our carriage-wheels a wistful face in about Christ which are particularly appealing to which sadness and gladness are appealingly her individual need. When I ask about the strict mingled, and says: religious neutrality observed in Government hos- pitals, the Medical Officer, who is himself not a "My husband has been transferred to Coimba- Christian, asks me to let her stay as long as postore. I hate to leave, but please tell me the names sible. He says: "Our whole hospital is feeling the of the missionaries there. My family want you cheer of her brave spirit. Patients we had deto come to their house just the same, and have spaired of are recovering." How I wish she might Sunday-school as you always do. I think they will find permanent employment there! Her overwant you to come into the house afterwards, too, harassed husband has found too overwhelming the as you have done when I was there." prospect of a sightless wife, who can no longer eke out the family income with teaching in the village Then she slips into my hand a paper with her school. He has found another way of escape. new address, while I am trying to think of the Deserted, she must seek the protection of our Misname of the British missionaries stationed in her sion hospital, where her children too will be taken new home. Without waiting for my slothful wits care of. to function, she turns away and, in a cloud of dust stirred up by the heavy folds of her saree swirling "Who is the untouchable? Is it the caste or the about her ankles, she clambers back behind that out-caste ?" Such a query has never once occurred swaying curtain. When I reach in behind the curtain to slip my bit of paper into her hands, both to me in India. Does it throw a new light on the our hearts feel the tight clutch of our hands in hurried farewell. difference in attitude between East and West? In Our High School girls and the Bible-woman will America we who stand aloof are the untouchables, be thrilled to know that they may still go every Sunday afternoon to this house where gather a but in India the untouchable is the one who is crowd of children and older folk to learn to sing with us the beautiful Christian lyrics, and to hear kept at a distance. Here, there are untouchables the stories of a new Friend and Redeemer whom in every class of society; there, one class is unthey are beginning to love. Best of all, we may still be invited to come into the sacred family circle touchable. In Christ's eyes both are individuals, and there talk and sing and pray to Him who searcheth and knoweth all our hearts. Here is a needing Him, their Saviour. Both need salvation. "not-yet~Christian" hearth where the family are learning to love Christ because one loyal nine-' Hinduism teaches two forms of redemption; that year-old heart, when she had to leave the Mission School for Hindu Girls to become the youngest 'of the kitten saved by its mother, with no effort sister-in-law and daughter-in-law in a new family circle, did not forget what she had learned. of its own; and that of the baby monkey which must itself run to its parent, and, clutching fast, On our spacious verandah are gathered the wives be carried beyond danger where it can of itself go. of the pastor teachers from the Christian villages Christ gives us the two pictures: one of the Seekin our district. We were holding our annual Bible ing Shepherd, going out to bring back the one examination for Christian women-teachers. At sheep, lost through its own ignorance or weakone of the desks, a woman's furtive hand tries to ness, or through another's neglect, as in the case brush aside the cloudiness from her straining eyes. of the lost coin; the other picture is of the Wait- An operation must determine whether there are ing Father, who goes out to meet the willful son cataracts or infection in one or both eyes. Tender- who has turned and is seeking his father's protecness and bewilderment are in the face of her hus- tion. To the Christian salvation comes through a band as we talk over the problem. "How can I Saviour. In India we are regarded as untouchand our children live without her? Even if I bring ables. In America, contrariwise, are we also unour daughter home from the boarding school, it touchables? Orthodox caste Hindus will walk knee-deep into the mire of a rice field, rather than pass me on the narrow path. Shall I, here, "pass by on the other side"?

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my friends if ye do whatsoever I command you."

Government's New Indian

Proposed Revival of Tribalism, Seen from the Missionary Angle By G. E. E. LI~"'DQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionary at Large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians I MPORTANT changes in Government policy im- Any policy, therefore, which directly or by im- mediately affect the conditions for mission plication, constitutes a limitation of missionary co- work. This is doubly true of the American In- operation and tends to nullify the constructive dians, for the nature of the missionary's task efforts of the past, as well as having far-reaching places him in close contact with government offi- effects on the future, is a matter of deep concern cials and policies. Furthermore, the early mis- to those interested in the task of elevating and im- sionary was the harbinger of civilization to the proving the condition of the American Indians.

aboriginal Americans. He That such a limitation is in founded the first schools; he prospect is the conviction of was the first champion of In- There is some difference of missionary workers, both In-:- dian rights; during President opInion among American dian and white, if the recently G ran t' s administration he announced plans of Hon. John served as Indian agent. Until Government officials and mis- Collier, the present Commis- sionary workers as to the 1879 mission schools served all proposed new policy of re- sioner of Indian Affairs, are Indian youth and even today a turning American Indians to put into operation. number of church schools are special reservations and en- A careful student of Indian couraging old tribal customs. Affairs, who has given years of still flourishing. Both white and Indian Chris- tians are united in believing In Bulletin 280, issued by the that such a policy is mistaken unselfish service to every good Board of Indian Commission- and would hinder the progress cause among them, says: "Mr. ers, Dr. Samuel A. Eliot writes: of the American Indians in Collier's schemes for the re- vival of tribalism and the seg- The missions maintained on Indian reservations by the Protestant Christian character and in- regation of the Indians are cerand Catholic churches have long tellectual and spiritual de- tainly of a most reactionary been regarded as cooperating units sort and if they go through in with the Board and the Bureau of velopment. A recent Indian the form suggested we shall be Indian Affairs in the Federal Gov- Congress, held at Rapid City, wiping out most of the gains of ernment's effort to aid and qualify South Dakota, unanimously the last fifty years a~d begin- Indians to take their places as self- opposed some features of the supporting, independent men and Howard-Wheeler Bill, while ning all over again under more women in the general citizenry of the they favored others. difficult conditions than ever." nation. The Congress of the United States, the successive Secretaries of The underlying assumption the Interior and Commissioners of of the Collier proposal is that Indian Affairs, and the school and reservationsuperin- the "Indian's master problem is land." With this tendents have again and again testified by legislation, ex- as a starting point he has launched an intensive ecutive orders and official statements, to the value of the missionary work. The Federal officers have recognized the propaganda against the General Allotment Act of missionaries as influential members of the authorized per- 1887, also known as the Dawes Citizenship Act.

sonnel on the reservations. Most of the evils which have befallen the Indians Hon. Chas. J. Rhoads, former Commissioner of during the past fifty years are laid at the door of Indian Affairs, in a letter to the field staff, wrote: the allotment system even as the Eighteenth Amendment Was charged with all the woes follow- The aim of both Indian Service employees and church ing the adoption of prohibition. Those conversant workers is to fit the Indians to be self-sustaining, self-re- with Indian Affairs over a period of years realize specting American citizens. The Christian missionary waS active in this field of service long before the Government, grave errors in the working of the allotment sysand the missionary has an essential function in the cul- tem, although the original intent of the Act was tural development of the Indian. No effort should be humane and sought to individualize the Indian, despared to encourage effective cooperation and prevent mis- liver him from the idleness and debauchery of resunderstanding and friction.

[182 ] ervation life, and institute an educative process in Reports received from representative groups of the use of land as well as prepare him for full and Indians indicate clearly that the communization of free citizenship. land and property, as thus proposed, is imprac- ticable and will not be acceptable to the Indians Some of the more palpable weaknesses of the themselves. It has not worked to the equalization allotment system may be summed up as follows: of property even among the Pueblos, although It was premature and assumed a far greater de- these people are frequently cited as embodying gree of progress than the average Indian had model tribal set-ups. It has not worked in the made; the blanket character of the Act proved a most advanced type of civilization, certainly not failure as does any attempt to cover all sorts and for any extended period. conditions with the same blanket; the dissipation of heirship land whereby much land w~t out of There are small and scattered bands of landless Indian ownership, the decreasing number of those Indians, for instance in Nevada and California, holding individual allotments, the patent-in-fee who deserve consideration, but even these, accordfiasco of the war years, and the inauguration and ing to the,ir own testimony, do not want to join "a perpetuation of the leasing system with attendant back to the reservation movement." They desire evils are other factors quite generally known and to be grouped among the whites, and to receive conceded. The Commissioner says: land where they will cease to be considered iso- lated minorities. The younger Indians, those Now, since allotment stripped the Indian of land and "born too late" for allotment or whose heirship insince the Government made him a landless man, it must terests have been dissipated, should be given a restor.e him to the land. We want to get new lands for chance to engage in agricultural pursuits. But Indians who have lost their lands or whose lands are in- why should the Government spend millions buying sufficient. (Commissioner's Circular Letter of Jan. 25, back semi-desert or sub-marginal land for them on 1934.) the reservations? There are good farms available off the reservations, where individual ownership Briefly stated, the Indians now holding indi- could be fostered and home life could be stabilized. vidual allotments will be asked to relinquish these It has been truly said that "wherever agriculture in favor of communization of land and property; has been developed on a home-owning, family furthermore, the Government is to buy additional basis, we find the most satisfying rural life"; and, land on the reservations now held by outsiders, one may add, we have there the basis for promotmostly whites, and reassign same to the landless ing self-support and self-respect. Indians. There might be no objection to this proposal, were it not that, intimately related to this Those interested in missionary work among the ' procedure, is the plan for a revival of tribalism, Indians feel that while the possession of land is variously termed "self-government," "tribal in- important it is by no means "the Indian's master corporation," "community incorporation," etc. problem." Land itself is only potential wealth; (Circular Letter of Commissioner of January 20, the meTe fact of possession will not feed or clothe 1934, No. 30426, addressed to Indians.) anyone. The Indian must use his lands if he would appreciate their worth. As one earnest It is not to be wonde.red at that the Indians worker has said, "He must keep his hands out of themselves feel that they are to be subjected to missionary barrels and his name off of ration rolls another experiment of doubtful value, and one if he would maintain his self-respect." Unless which may be launched during one administration there is stimulated from within a desire to be and and abolished the next. They have been the butt to do, all the land with its wealth of untapped reof sundry and varied experiments in the past. sources, will avail the Indian but little. "Too While the more conservative prefer to adopt a often we strive," as one worker has put it, "to con- "wait and see policy," the more progressive ones serve the Indian's property at the expense of his do not hesitate to condemn the whole scheme as manhood, his ambition, his finer values. He will "reaction under the guise of advance." Others develop respom;ibility only by having responsibilwill not entertain the idea of communization of ity to bear." land and property even for discussion. The chairman of a business committee on one of the larger But the feature of the Government proposals reservations states that while the allotment sys- that causes the deepest concern to missionary tem has its evils, he feels that the new proposals workers, and that is apt to have the most baneful would cause even more trouble. A representative effect on the future of the Indian, is the revival of of a western tribe says: "I have no land or prop- tribalism and the segregation and isolation inerty. [He belongs to one of the landless bands in volved in "the back to the reservation" movement. the far west who, because, they were not "war Many feel also that the encouragement of the makers," received no allotments.] I have been dance ceremonials in Commissioner's order of Jantrying to get a garden spot for two years, but if I uary 3, 1934 (Circular No. 2970), regarding "Inhad an allotment I would not give it up to share dian religious freedom and culture," is one of the with others-and I do not expect anyone else to first steps in the attempt to revive "the cult of the give up theirs to share with me. What we want is land of our own if only a few acres."

primitive." This order directs the superintend- says: "There are two ways out of this matter, the ents to inform the Indians "that native religious way back and the way straight ahead. But is the life and Indian culture" is not to be frowned upon way back ever the way out? The way back is a by Government representatives; and, that "no in- way beset with failures, wickedness and graft. terference with Indian religious life or ceremonial We have made some advances, but we need enexpression will hereafter be tolerated." couragement that we may go still farther. If ever the Indian needed the guidance of the Great Gov- Without discussing the merits of the old Indian ernment of Heaven it is now. We need in the very religions and cultures, it should be said in all fair- heart of our councils a friend to the Indians that ness that Christian missionaries, while seeking to will advise us right." God grant that the Indian avoid "the pitfall of antiquarianism," have sought standing today in the valley of decision shall not to preserve the best of the past, and to fill it with fail of wise and faithful friends to aid him in this new meaning. They have put primitive languages his hour of need! into writing, and have filled old words with new meanings; they have translated the Christian Statement Unanimously Adopted by Mission- Scriptures into many tongues, and have encour- aries, Both Catholic and Protestant, at Plains Inaged bi-lingual expression. In general, they have dian Congress Held at Rapid City, South Dakota, aided ethnologists and other conservators in estab- March 2 to 5, with Special Reference to H R 2902 lishing friendly contacts with the Indians. At the and S 2755.

same time they have not hesitated to assert that We are in favor of: "the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a care- 1. The encouragement of spiritual values. fully guarded and subsidized segregation." 2. The Indian making his contribution to the life of com- munity and nation. Anything which emphasizes differences and 3. The Indian sharing in the responsibilities and the that makes for separation and race discrimination privileges of government and citizenship. militates also against the Christian tenet of "a 4. "No special advantages, no special disadvantages" for fair chance for every man in every good thing." the Indian. In his daily contacts with the Indian the mission- 5. The following features of the Howard-Wheeler bill: ary ceases to think of the Indian as "being different." Rather does he consider his essential hu- A. The educational provisions, especially the manity and that the Church of Christ owes him training of Indian young people for positions in more because he is a human being than because he the Indian service. is an Indian. B. The providing of land for young Indians But what of the future? Will the revival of who are looking forward to the establishment of tribalism and segregation be the way out? Let homes and were born too late to acquire land two Indians of widely differing backgrounds and rights. training reply. Dr. Arthur C. Parker, Seneca, director of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sci- C. The effort to untangle the problems in con- nection with heirship lands.

D. Increasing self-government in those dis- tinctly Indian interests in which the Indians share exclusively as members of an Indian tribe or group.

ences, says: We are opposed to the following: While the continuation of tribal government, with all its 1. It perpetrates segregation. In more progressive comconnotation, may seem from the sentimental standpoint, munities where the Indians share in the general social and just and liberal, it brings with it also a certain segregation economic life of the community, it means even going back from the normal stream of civic life…. This might pos- to segregation. Tribalism means exemptions, and exempsibly be justified if their (the Indians) ultimate objective, tions lead to race prejudice. projected a century hence, was a continued separateness in outlook and manner of living. However, since all the In- 2. It perpetrates freedom from taxation instead of lookdians of the United States must secure a livelihood in a ing forward to the time when the Indian contributes his manner similar to that of the rest of the population, and proportionate share to the cost of government. since their economic contacts will all be with citizens of the various states, it would seem that the better part of 3. The Indian Court also promotes segregation. The wisdom is to have these Indians prepare in a most effective Court may mean prompter justice, but it perpetrates the way for economic competence. There is always prejudice present intolerable situation where Indians escape punishagainst those with special privileges and exemptions and ment of crimes because they do not come under the jurisagainst those who are fostered by paternalism … I can diction of state laws and only very few Indian crimes are see nothing but a backward move and disaster in the re- punishable under Federal Statute. actionary project, though if supported and protected for a while, it will be a spectacular thing that will have great 4. While seemingly granting the Indian new liberties, advertising value. Any move that tends to place our first we are of the optnion that the bill means a great increase Americans in segregated areas like the bear, buffalo and in supervision and delay in action on the part of the Secelk of our national parks, tends to create a zoological gar- retary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Afden rather than 'serve the purposes of free citizenship. fairs.

Ernest Hunt, Kiowa, of western Oklahoma, in 5. The conviction back of the bill that the land allotment addressing his people through his home paper, system is at the bottom of the Indian's poverty. Posses- sion of land as such does not mean salvation for any people.

6. The implication that physical values are supreme and spiritual values are non-existent.

Testim9ny of Mr

An Experience in the Village of the Northern Peace Creek I L ;Letter from the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, -ef Peiping, China rJE-'·- Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – _.._ – – – – – – – – – – W ITH a few Chinese friends, one an evan- guage. After the meeting had been opened Mr. gelist and others volunteer church work- Wang gave a short testimony. He bowed deep to ers, I stood in front of the Temple of the the women and, facing the men, he began: Whispering Pond at the Village of the Northern Peace Creek, far outside of Peiping. A young "Honorable elders and gentlemen of the village please sit a while. I am greatly putting you to priest, keeper of the temple gods, stood next to trouble but do listen to this humble one's unworthy me. His father had given him to the service of chatter; if only for the time it takes to eat a bowl the "Guardian God in the Clouds" so as to redeem of rice. Surely I am but a tiresome talker but not an untold sin. An old officiating monk, keeper of for silver or rice did I come here. I have a mes- the accounts and receiver of the sage that will make your heart temple guests, stood a little aside. joyous unto heaven and glad unto The skies were clear and the wind the earth. I have something betgushed cold, but all of us were in ter for you than silver skin fish Chinese garb, wrapped from head to eat and yellow tea to drink.

to feet in wadded cotton. We "My humble surname is Wang sang choruses, preached and ex- and my name Tsao Kung but I am plained Bible picture posters and called the Iron Arrow. On the took with us a string of followers Mongolian pl~ins I used to trade.

for a meeting at the little Gospel Silver and rice came to my home hall built by a Chinese Christian in abundance, but I was a free lady. spending spirit. For twenty years Groups of boys came in, and I smoked opium, gambled, drank some small girls toddled in on tiny and worshiped the king of the bound feet. The village of the devils. I also induced my wife to Northern Peace Creek is true to smoke opium. That devil called old customs and since most of the opium ate away the food of my girls are engaged in marriage home as the wolves on the plains bonds from early childhood, the wishes of the fu- eat the dead bodies of the Mongolians. It stuck ture mother-in-law have to be reckoned with be- to my soul like paint to wood and in vain I tried fore such a new and radical custom as "large men to clean myself. I became like a skeleton and my feet" for girls can be put into practice. heart ate great bitterness. The richness of my On the large brick kang or bed built on two home disappeared, also the brightness of my chil- sides of the little hall a place was left for the wom- dren's faces. I was like one altogether ignorant en, who came in groups chattering aloud to hide of the difference between good and evil. I speak self-consciousness. There were young women true-hearted. with red trousers or red jackets left from wedding "One day my daughter had the good fortune to trousseaux. Many had a suckling baby thrust meet this honorable Western man's lady, and truly within her outer garments and stood through the great blessings came to my home. Through her service, as long as her mother-in-law was present. influence my daughter came to believe in the one It took a great deal of effort to bow the men to living God; she was moved by the Spirit as a leaf the various seats of honor. They were solemn and on the tree echoes the wind. Day and night she sincere in accepting the flowery courtesy of the prayed aloud for me till at last I went with her to evangelist and they felt obliged to express their the Christian church. There I listened for the <;urprise over my ability to speak the Chinese lan- first time to the Gospel of Salvation and I became [185 ]

like a fish hooked in the jaw. Heaven struck me; Northern Peace Creek, you are men and not trees, my heart became empty and all the great bitter- your brains can understand and your hearts can ness of these twenty years stirred up within me. feel. Throwaway your idols made with the hands God examined my heart and as a man in despair of men; stop wandering and seek to find the peace I knelt in the church at the feet of the Eternal I have in my heart." Living One. The Lord made sacrifice for me and redeemed my soul with the blood of His Son The meeting went on for hours. Unasked, one Jesus Christ. testimony followed another. The eyes of men and women were bright with interest. Hardly any "I returned home a new man and never since one noticed that dogs came running in, that a that time have I touched opium, wine or gambling black pig was driven out, that chickens squawked dice. My wife, amazed at my inner strength, be- away from feet suddenly stretched out. Quescame a believer too, and also her desire for opium tions were asked, and interest was shown in a new was taken away by faith in Christ. One day in open way. The Gospel was brought and the mesthe courtyard together we burned before our in- sage accepted. When the skies turned to evening vited relatives our paper kitchen god, the mud gray a Bible class was formed, an hour for Sungod of business, and all our wooden house gods, day worship agreed upon, and a little school for with all the incense and altar candles we had. illiterate men and women started. There we dedicated our lives to the One Living God, both of us to do volunteer church service and Slowly I turned to the Chinese home where I our daughter to study to be an evangelist. Won- would spend the night. The darkness came swiftly derful peace and marvelous joy have since been but the moon rose gloriously, and by the light of ours. a candle I write this letter to ask you to pray with me that the Kingdom of Heaven may come to the "You elders and inhabitants of the village of the village of the Northern Peace Creek.

Baby Clinics in West Africa* By ROSE MAIER RYTER, R. N., Elat, Cameroun Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

EDIMA a 80-0-0! Edima a 80-0-0 ("Edima has own developed by months of administering castor come! Edima has come!"). oil to unwilling babies. Resistance is of no avail ! Out of every house in the compound the children come running and shouting to announce That task accomplished, our little meeting beour arrival, while frantic mothers try to keep them gins. We start with prayer and then follow with from getting too close to the wheels of the car. a lecture on such subjects as: "Bathing the As we climb out with our equipment, little hands Baby," "Feeding the Baby Its First Real Food," are stretched out to us while the mothers say, "Itch and How to Cure It," "Whooping Cough," "Bata'ane" (shake hands). Some mothers and "Intestinal Parasites and How Acquired," "Mababies have come from near-by towns, others from laria, What It Is and How Does One Get It," etc. as far as ten or twelve miles away. At each clinic we try to chase' away the old super- stitions and beliefs by telling them the real cause Baby clinics! A vision of a neat room, long of a disease. white tables, baby scales, starchy uniformed nurses, white gowned doctors and neat rows of The lecture over, Eko, Engele, the medical boy medicines, appears before one's eyes. Our African and I retire to the session room where our mediclinic can boast of none of these. We meet in the cines, ulcer dressings and microscope are spread thatch roofed church. On the right is a sad row out on the rough plank benches. The examining of poor little tots who must have worm medicine. table is usually my lap and there is no need for a Their faces are not happy because they know nurse to undress these children to prepare them what is before them. As Eko, our clinic nurse, for an examination! It pleases the mother to have appears with the awful tasting medicine the faces me hold her baby and examine its little body carebecome no happier. She has a technique all her fully; and when the lovely brown velvet body is without blemish, she is duly praised. Yet her • From The Drum Call, Elat. West Africa. pride in that baby cannot match the gratefulness

BABY CLINICS IN WEST AFRICA

of the mother who several months ago brought in said it was because I was unfaithful to my hus- a thin weakly baby full of sores and now puts a band; others said it was an evil spirit that spoiled scarred but happy, husky little one into my lap to my milk or drank it. They would take me to a be examined. stream. In it I would have to sit with a woman "And how are your babies today, Amummba?" on each side of me holding a live chicken over my "They are just fine; haven't been sick since we head. Then they pulled the chicken apart, and were here last. Mariam passed a hundred worms the warm blood would fall on my head and my (the amount of worms is usually spoken of with breasts. What fell into the water they would dip pride instead of shame) with her worm medicine up and make me drink. Oh, it was awful! None and now she eats and sleeps well again." of that kept my babies from dying. Since coming "You still have quinine then?" I ask. to these clinics I know it must have been malaria "Yes, I won't need any today." that made them sick. Look how well and strong The next mother may have a different story. these two are now!"

"How is Belinga? He looks a little peaked." Mezene was up next, "I lost two babies just be- "Oh, he is better now, but he was so sick last cause we didn't know. They had convulsions- week; fever like fire and vomiting, but when I so everybody said I must have seen an animal die gave him the castor oil and quinine the way you in a trap. You know how they quiver just before told us to, he soon got well. How I thank you for they die? We would take the baby to an ekuk letting me have the quinine and castor oil to keep tree and hold it over a fire that we would build at in my house." its base while the men would climb the tree and So each mother's children are seen and pre- cut the bark so that the sap would run on the scribed for according to their needs. baby while we rubbed it into its skin. Oh, all the At our last clinic we had a testimonial meeting. foolish things we used to do. Now all we need to "What good have you derived from the clinic?" do is to give the babies quinine when they are Bilo'o stood up immediately and exclaimed: sick."

"Edima, if we started to talk that now, five Story after story was told to show how syphili- o'clock would still find us talking!" tic babies had been helped, how superstitious be- Ebutu rose with her lovely baby in her arms. liefs had been explained away-the agony of red "You haven't any idea of the trouble I have had," pepper solutions in ear and nose; the pouring of she said. "My babies died one right after another herb solutions into the nose of the baby until its and all the people said I had an evil spirit in me breathing was stopped and it died!

that wanted to kill me but I always made it kill Clinic is finished, and the mothers are wending my babies instead. Oh, all the herbs they made their way home in all directions. As we load the me drink and the mean things they did to me, and car some of the mothers give us their babies to how they talked! That is why I brought this baby take with us to make their long journey a little to the clinic. She is hardly ever sick now. When easier, and we deliver the babies along the road she does get sick like my others, I just give her to waiting brothers or sisters.

quinine and she gets well. When she was sick that Tired, yes, dead tired and yet what a warm first time and I came to the hospital, all the women feeling around my heart as we start back to in the town were saying, "See, Ebutu's evil spirit Foulassi. What greater reward would one want is going to kill this baby now! When I brought than the thrill that goes through me as these it back they couldn't believe their eyes." women pray, "God, we thank Thee for putting it Nyagon rose, before Ebutu was finished, and into the heart of Edima to help us and to teach us said: how to care for our children whom Thou hast "Edima, my babies always died too. They all given us."

said my milk was bad because my babies always Musing over the day's work, I too, thank God vomited, had fever, would get thin and die. Some for putting it into my heart to do this.

For the mighty temptation of this age, which appears in every shape possible, is that we no longer appreciate the intensity and exclusiveness of the demand which the Divine Word makes as such when looking at the force of other demands: so that in our anxiety in face of existing dangers we no longer put our whole trust in the authority of God's Word, but we think we ought to come to its aid with all sorts of contrivances, and we thus throw quite aside our confidence in the Word's power to triumph. That is to say, we think ourselves capable of facing, solving, and moulding definite problems better from some other source than that from and by means of God's Word. -Karl Barth, quoted in "The United Church Review."

Story of Bright Hope

By the REV. GEORGE H. WINN, Seoul, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WE WERE still at the breakfast table when One day I felt that I must go to the church, but the doorbell rang. My friend proved to be it was not to beat the pastor. A different attitude Mr. Bright Hope Plum, who had just of mind had come upon me. I just desired to go graduated from Pierson Memorial Bible Institute -my feelings of hatred had disappeared and in- stead I wished to see and hear. Up to this time in Seoul.* Mr. Plum is a good looking fellow, I had never gone to church and I did not know what it meant to be a Christian. pleasing in manner. His people are well to do, and of the upp~r class. His early call made me "Without saying a word to my family, or my wonder if something untoward had happened. friends, because I was ashamed to let them know of my change of attitude, I slipped away and went With a few casual remarks, he announced the up the valley some ten li where the church is reason for his coming. He desired very much to located. Was it not very strange that they hapenter the Seminary in Pyeng Yang, and I told pened to be having a revival going on just at that him that I would see what I could do to get him in. time? I had not known about it and went in ignorance, not knowing why I went. During the conversation something of the circumstances of his life came up, and I encouraged "So I went in and sat down-a bit fearfully perhim to tell me more. In a very humble and even haps, and Mr. Gold, the pastor, got up and began reluctant manner he told me of his finding the to speak. He told the story of the Prodigal Son Lord. The story as drawn from him and put to- -that was what his sermon was about. I immegether is as follows: diately gave my ears to that story. How much like my life, I thought! Interested, I clung to "I was formerly very evil, spending my time in every word that was spoken-but even then I did bad ways, having what the world may call 'a good not comprehend what it all meant. Toward the time.' I drank, gambled and went into all the close of his talk, Pastor Gold said, 'We are all like excesses of youth. Moreover I despised and even this prodigal; we have all gone far from God, and hated Christianity, though I had no real reason it was for sins just like this that our Lord Jesus for so doing. Not far from our village there was died on the Cross. Our sins crucified Him.' That a church which was prospering more or less. We was like a dagger going right into my breast. did not like to have a church in our vicinity; the Was it possible that my sins were the reason why young men in our town got together to see what Jesus was crucified? It was an entirely new we could do about it." thought; and right there I was converted. A change came over me and it must have been that (Here his voice faltered -and he hung his head I was reborn at that moment. while the red mounted to his face.) "I had gone only for the day but I could not "We decided we would drive that pastor out of leave! I was finding something very new! For our valley. How to do this was the question; but five whole days I forgot everything else and I we finally decided to lay hands upon him and beat stayed to the end of those revival meetings. Then him up to such an extent that he would never came thoughts of home and my people and friends, come to these parts again. and the realization that they too must know of this Jesus doctrine. But how could I tell them? "We decided that a group of us young fellows I went to Pastor Gold and told him he must come would go to the church on a Sunday morning, with me to my native town and preach there. So make a bold raid right in the midst of the wor- I returned home, bringing the pastor with me! ship, seize the pastor and give him a lesson that he would never forget. We bided our time, an- "When my people saw me coming back they ticipating a really exciting experience! were at first very glad, for they had not known where I had been or what had happened to me. "After these plans were made a strange thing They supposed that I had gone off on one of my occurred. I cannot tell how or why. It must have been God's Spirit. There is no other explanation. sprees, but then because I stayed so long they • The buildings for that institute' were erected some years ago by the family and friends of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson with a keen desire tsochfoulratrhehradinstKooodr.ea ItnhethtyepecooufrsBe ibolfe ttheeacyheianrgs ftohrerwehhicahvethgaotneBiobulet f~~~e:eo~n~~~t~~"v:-~!n[O~~~e~en whose lives have been splendid [188 ] were afraid I was gambling or might even have Seoul I came here and studied, and while studycommitted suicide. ing I never stopped praying for my folks down in the country. "When I told them of my wonderful experience, how I had become a Christian, they did not know "After almost a year of study I went home for whether to be glad because I had returned or sad the summer vacation and my family apparently because I was believing the Jesus Way. My were a little more reconciled to my being a Chrisfather did not like it at all and scolded and threat- tian. Then I called the family together and told ened me very much. them we would have Bible study. For a whole month I had a class in the Bible with my own peo- "Then there was the pastor I had brought to ple and tried to teach them the things I had preach in the town-that of course they did not learned. like, and complained much because of all the rice that had to be given to a stranger. However, we "First my elder brother decided to believe; went on preaching, the pastor and I, and we then after he had' come out, my father accepted gathered the people to our guest room, in spite of Christ, and then all the rest; so all twelve, our the objections of my parents. We had meetings whole household, came to believe. Now our house and I told my ;friends about Jesus, and sang for has become a regular place of worship. We them the hymn I had just learned-still my favor- started with our family; then two or three more ite hymn, 'Oh Happy Day that Fixed My Choice.' came and now thirty attend. Our guest room is But they would not believe, and they explained so crowded when we meet that we do not know the change in my life by saying, 'he has gone what we can do. We need a church building and crazy.' Further my parents wanted to know what before going to Seminary I am going home to see was the sense of offering prayer before eating. what we can do about a meeting place.

"So I tried to start a work in our town but I "My purpose is to serve the Lord. Do you think found I did not know much about the Bible. I I can enter the Seminary?" was afraid that I might not teach correctly or might even teach error; so I thought 'I must I replied that I would see what could be done know more about the Bible.' and that I trusted the way would be opened up before him. Is not a man with such a Christian "Having heard of the Pierson Bible School in experience worthy of going on to the Seminary?

THE "CONVERSION" OF SOME BRITISH NAVAL OFFICERS By THE RIGHT REV. BISHOP LANDER, Formerly of Hong Kong In 1907 I had occasion to go down to visit the Church in Pakhoi, South China, and the Admiral of the British Fleet kindly gave me a lift on a British cruiser. The officers said, "Frankly, we don't believe in missions at all. We think missionaries do far more harm than good."

"That is interesting to me," I replied, "because you have seen more than I have. It would be a good plan if we had a good look around this mission at Pakhoi, and see what there is to be seen! Come ashore with me for two or three days. If you are right then I will undertake to write to the Society and ask that the missionaries be withdrawn, that their stipends be stopped, and the work be closed down."

We arrived, and had a great deal of difficulty in landing. We found a number waiting in the Church for confirmation. The eight naval officers sawall that was going on. After the service in the Church we went into the general hospital and saw Dr. Bradley and Dr. Thomp- son and English nurses at work among the Chinese. Then we went on to the Leper Hospital, where there were a large number of lepers. I said to one of the officers: "What do you think about the missionaries?" He looked at me and replied: "I was blind and now I can see I"

Next day we came back to the ship. After a while I said, "What about it, men?"

"Bishop," they replied, "we had no idea that there was a work like that. We have been entirely misinformed and are quite willing to be subscribers." There is a bed there now bear- ing a glass plate with this inscription: "This bed is supported by the officers and the men of , , ship." -From Conquest by Healing.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,==~======================= YOUTH AND THE WORLD create a new world order – a no longer true. The world has shrunk. challenge to the youth of Wales The West is vitally influencing the SITUATION to take its share of responsibility East and the East is equally affecting in the reconstruction of our the West. There are prominent evils The piety of the Welsh .folk ~s world on the principles of Jesus in Christendom which are being copied proverbial and nowhere IS thIS Christ, which ~lone can bring more in evidence than in their peace and happmess to the na- in heathen lands, and some dark 0:'- zeal for missions. Rev. Watcyn tions." Numerous conferences M. Price, Organizing and Trav- in strategic centers are held iental practices are finding a home In eling Secretary for Foreign ~is­ under the auspices of The United our land. Weare interdependent, anti sions in the Welsh PresbyterIan Missionary Council for Wales neither the East nor the West can church, has recently written ex- (inclusive of ten different de- escape this reciprocating influence. pressing his interest in our nominations and Christian or- Methods Department and enclos- ganizations) as well as of the Young Wales must take its part in ing some of the missionary lit- several individual cooperative or- the formation of aNew World Ordm', erature from his own field. ganizations, great speakers giv- and the aim of this movement is to Three features stand out pre- ing inspirational addresses and help our young men and women to a eminently: (1) The amount of leading group conferences. No better understanding of the problems cooperative and union mission- stronger call of youth to the of humanity and to call on youth to ary work done in Wales. (2) colors could be imagined than the take its share of responsibility in their The stress upon youths' part and conference programs indicate. solution. place. (3) The paramount dy- Mr. Price writes: namic for Kingdom extension. Three fundamental factors are: (1) Says Mr. Price in "Aims and You will be glad to learn that we Ideals for Missionary Workers are having a wonderful time among To know-to discover the facts. Enat Home": the young people of Wales just now, thusiasm for the good of man is not and particularly in our .own Presby- safe unless it is based on knowledge. In a consideration of the missionary terian church. There IS a marked …… The "brotherhood of man" call motive the will of Christ must be the awakening among the youth of the is an idle platitude unless there is sufstartin'g point. . . . .. If Christ willed churches. ficient interest in man to know as the evangelization of the world, those much as possible about him. (2) To pray-to discover the purpose of God. "There is only one way to perpetual peace, and that is by bringing all na- tions and races to accept one ideal and to obey one law… . .. The high ad- venture to which youth is summoned is that of making God's law supreme throughout the world. Only through communion with God can we discover who desire to be His disciples will be We on this side of the Atlantic what is His law and purpose for man- may well ponder the u?dergird- kind." (3) To serve-to go forward set on giving effect to that will. He?ce ing principles of thIS You~h the missionary motive is the carrymg in service is essential. …… The na- tions are waiting for a service based out of the eternal purpose of God for on love, enlightened by knowledge and the world, and those who identify Movement in a day when mIS- understanding. The League of Nathemselves with it have behind them tions will become truly effective only the power of God. Its final success is sionary zeal seems on the decline. so far as it is a League of Love and assured. Apparent failure and dis- The campaign leaflet says in Service. couragements are only invitations to part: Among the suggestions for methods renewed effort…… The invincible Race isalation is no longer possible. of work are: (1) To read and study power of almighty God is behind those The world is no longer divided up into at least one book each season which separate sound-proof continent~ and deals with some aspect of the world who set themselves to do the will of nations' it is rather a great whIsper- situation. (2) To undertake each year Him who bade us go and preach the ing gailery. What is 'Yhispered i!l one definite piece of service for the London is heard at once m Shanghal. local church and community and for Word to all nations…… When we the extension of the Kingdom in other The conversations in Berlin are au- lands. (3) To meet together at regurge the primary claims of missions dible in Vancouver, constantly the in- ular times for fellowship and prayer. fluence of every bad thing becomes abroad we have Christ at our side putting words into our mouths and say- instantly world wide. It ·flashes like ing, "Yes, it was for this that I called My Church into being."

The Young Wales Christian lightning throug~ all .the .ea!th. The motto for the Girls' Mis- Movement Education wnwh ~s ltrrlflted to a sionary Auxiliary in the regular country or a parish is inadequate. The widening of horizons is the finest church work is likewise a key- This is one of the most note- form of education. It does more for note for our own endeavor: "The worthy features of the work in peace and goodwill upon the earth Wales. Utmost for the Highest," and the than many sermons and eloquent ora- comprehensive admonition to the Its avowed motive is "To Welsh folk everywhere is most tions. . East is East and West t8 West is [190 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

timely in East and West: "Learn Indian costumes, pictures and with Today's Youth. Youth is ever by practice the power of prayer." dolls; African musical instru- ready for speed and thrills. Can't ments, tooth chains, a complete A Young Women's Project village, etc. you ever rest-and like it? If you In the Eastside Presbyterian Much appreciation was ex- ever listened to me you would know church of Paterson, N. J., the pressed in view of the attractive young women gave a unique pro- form in which the information this is an age of leisure too. Many gram with exhibits at a service was given. folks would love your eleven hour~ under the auspices of the Women's Missionary Society, the A Book Shelf Fantasy of leisure and the one hour of activity. theme of the evening being, "The World." After the opening de- Two cardinal 13rinciples need "Today's Youth": Yes, but leisure votional service and a motion to be borne in mind in our propicture of mission work in cedure with young people: (1) isn't so wonderful unless you can get Alaska, the meeting became in- Missions from the educational some relaxation out of it. formal. Around the room were point of view make a strong aparranged attractive exhibits peal, linking themselves up with "Builders of a New World": What's from practically all the Presby- the habit and attitude of mind of terian mission stations, each the average young person. (2) that about leisure? The author of my booth in charge of a group of Imaginative vehicles for infor- pages says some telling things about young women (mostly cos- mation vastly increase receptumed). They located their sta- tivity. While judgment increases leisure. Did you see those recent fads tions on maps, gave information with the years, imagination has concerning climate and character its major innings in youth. A in America, as Mr. Bartlett (author) of countries, life and dress of particularly successful survey of people, mission work in progress the leading adult study books for lists them? Do you think they indior needed, etc. These exhibits the current year, giving an inbegan with local work inclusive formational view of the field cov- cate worthy interests and ability to of City Missions, the Florence ered, was written by Mrs. R. A. Crittenton Home, the Salvation Chandler, Galesburg, Ill.; and use our leisure? Now that working Army, churches, hospitals, Y. M. while it is impossible to give and Y. W. C. A.'s, etc., and ex- more than the merest skeleton of hours are shorter, all of us need traintended to the outermost limits the text, this will serve as a of missionary endeavor abroad. framework to be filled in locally ing in the use of the spare time we as well as an illustration of what The Alaskan project had a may be done with facts and a have. tiny village, an igloo, a minia- paint pot of imagination. ture team drawn by huskies, an "Christianity and Industry": That's Eskimo doll and numerous pic- Each character is dressed in tures. a paper or cardboard book cover true. My author stands up for wise of the same color as the volume The American Indian booth represented, with title and au- use of leisure, and for few enough contained wampum, basketry, thor's name printed on the rug loom and rugs and a costume "backbone" of the book (the working hours so that leisure can be doll. part visible when book stands on shelf) . When curtain rises, if heartily enjoyed. He believes in fair The Mountaineer exhibit de- one is available, it is lifted only picted the community work and as far as shoulders of actors so wages for an honest day's work, irvarious industries – woodcraft, that only "backbones" of a row handcraft, homespun, toys, pot- of books on a shelf are visible. respective of race or color; and he tery, photographs of life and cus- After a moment's silence, a clock toms in the district, etc. strikes twelve. Gradually books discusses at length the tragedy of en- move a little, step from places, Puerto Rico was exploited yawn, stretch, etc., then begin to forced leisure through unemployment. mainly with photographs which speak. were intimate studies of home (Subject matter of these two books and community life among the "Today's Youth and Tomorrow's people, also of mission hospitals World": There's something inside my further discussed in a way revealing and other ministering institu- pages about the way our age grows tions. more speedy every day, but Stanley their argument and main content.) High (author) never stood on a shelf The Foreign Fields were made waiting for midnight so that he could "The Never-Failing Light": And real with tiny figures depicting come alive or he would agree with me the different classes of Chinese, that the hour between eleven and it is 1/W,n who must operate the maminiature villages, idols, charms, twelve grows longer every night. This costumes, embroidery, samples is no age of speed! chines and who must respect their of the new writing, etc.; Persian dolls, prayer outfits, letters from "Christianity and Industry in AmBr- power and use it, but at the same time missionaries, a bed and pictures; ica": There! there! I suppose you are impatient because you deal only keep the souls of the workmen from following the deadly routine of an im- personal machine. Where but in Christ can be found the Never-Failing Light which will enable them to live abundantly in the midst of the me- chanical influences of the age? (Il- luminating discussion between this speaker and "Today's Youth.") "The Christian Mission in Amer- ica": Other influences, too, make for "spiritual bewilderment." We face moral confusion, lawlessness, secular- ism, narrow nationalism, and an or- ganized and powerful underworld.

"The N. F. Light": Communism raises its dangerous head over the world, as the revolt spirit of the masses grows. .

"The Christian Mission": I believe that over against all this moral wrong- ness we must list our Christian as- sets. Christianity, we know, is the Way of Life for millions. It provides a challenging moral standard to guide us. It expresses itself in a program of service. It is guided by the prin- ciple of the sacredness of personality.

"Eastern Women Today and To- morrow": How that idea of the indi- vidual is growing in the Orient!

Women are emerging from their se- clusion. The East has discovered that women are individuals with rights.

They have become economic assets- yes, even political powers. Watch the Orient if you want to see that idea grow.

"How Far to the Nearest Doctor?": The worth of each person, do you say?

My pages are crammed with living stories of those transformed by Christ who now follow in the steps of the

Great Physician, make sick bodies well are read instead of recited. Care studied in both the Women's Auxiliary and give refreshing draughts of the and the Men-of-the-Church. For the Water of Life to those who thirst. must be taken to select persons latter, the Sunday school offers three (Animated conversation among Dodd, courses with definite missionary em- Kerr, Woodsmall, Bartlett and High who have good voices and read phasis. (1) The Life and Letters of with expression. Study book -authors of books in question.) dramatizations are particularly Peter – a three-months' course de- "How Far?" etc.: Stop! Stop! signed to help the student become Take time to breathe or you'll regret available for this sort of per- formance. familiar with the life of Peter and his it! contribution to the spread of Chris- "Today's Youth": And while he is Multiplying the Talents tianity, and to lead the learner to a taking that long breath may I say that sustained loyalty to Jesus Christ. (2) among all the movements that have Cuba's leading newspaper, the The Life and Letters of Paul- a been started by young men, we need Havana Post, publishes the fol- course of similar length …… to learn a new mass movement – "a youth of the spread of the Gospel by mismovement that accepts Jesus' program lowing, which is quoted from the sionary work in the First Century, and as its platform and that takes Jesus' Congregationalist: to gain a world view of the task of spirit as its driving power." If such An analogy to the parable of the the Christian Church in the Twentieth a movement becomes a crusade, that Talents is to be found in one of the Century. (3) The Spread of Chriswill be the best thing we can do to forty societies of the Methodist Wom- tianity-a six months' course which right present conditions that are en's Missionary Conference of Cuba, gives a detailed study on the missionwrong. each of which receives a dollar a year ary activities of the early Church. To from the national organization for the these three distinctively missionary "The Christian Mission": For wom- benefit of the interdenominational courses should be added numbers of en and men, for youth and little chil- lessonS which touch on and emphasize dren, "the Cross is God's eternal home for children, at Cardenas. Re- missions. pledge of life's redemption and the ceiving their dollar from the national dynamic which constrains us to fellow- headquarters, this society divided it A survey of topics used in the ship with Him in the service of re- among their ten members, apportion- past few years in the Men-of-thedemption." ing a dime to each. One bought ten Church program reveals such subjects as these: "The Chal- "The N. F. Light": If we love one cents' worth of thread, using it to lenge Along Our State and another, He dwelleth in us. As we crochet a pair of baby's bootees which County Highways-Unchurched practice brotherhood in all human re- sold for twenty cents. Twenty cents Multitudes in Every Southern lationships, preaching the Gospel to in thread became a baby's cap which State"; "Who Is Responsible for the uttermost parts of the earth, heal- sold for forty cents, and before the Foreign Mis s ion s in This ing the sick, opening the eyes of soul evolution had ended, the ten cents' Church?"; "Is Our Church Carand intellect, feeding the hungry, ap- worth of thread had grown to an elab- rying too Heavy a Foreign Misplying Christ's Spirit to all the world's orately worked bedspread which sold sion Program?"; "Are PreachproblemS, then shall we move into a for eight dollars. Still more unusual ing the Gospel and Personal surer sense of the presence of God were the eight women who pooled their Evangelism Still Necessary on within us for time and eternity. resources and bought for eighteen the Foreign Field?"; "Mexico in cents a small pig. From week to week Texas-a Foreign Missionary "Eastern Women": I feel so alive! the pig is being "boarded" at the Opportunity at Home." "How Far?": I don't feel like a homes of the eight women; and when book at all! Christmas comes, bringing with it the Thus missions h a ve been active demand for pork, this pig will brought to the attention of the "Christianity and Industry": Per- go to market and the proceeds be adults, and especially of the men. haps we are coming alive. I believe added to the funds in support of the home. The original "talent" will have the ideas within our covers are any- increased between 8,000 and 10,000 way. per cent!

"Builders": And that must be the important thing. Even if we do go back to our shelf when the clock strikes one, perhaps we'll still be alive because somebody has read our Missions in the Adult Program Toasts for Missionaryships pages.

"Today's Youth": To stand on a In the Presbyterian Survey of shelf for eleven hours at a stretch W 0 r s hip (the devotional won't be so bad if the ideas on my January, 1934, appears a com- toast): Tuning in to the Divine pages are running about, getting exercise in the world. mendable outline of work for Wisdom and quietly listening to men, women usually "stealing "The N. F. Light": And we can talk the show" in missionary matters His counsel. again! C01npanionship: Cultivating to such an extent that a pastor, a sense of the Presence walking (Clock strikes one. BookS hurry in a recent dramatic sketch was along beside us at every hour of into places on shelf and there is silence made to say: "We pastors have as curtain falls.) If memorization of this expanded to work to keep ahead of tlie the day. sketch is impracticable, how about Partnership: A realization using the next device described here- women. What with their read- that God's plan requires our coin-"A Walking Rehearsal"? ing contests and study classes operation at every point. and points for number of books read and what not, I am com- Friendship: Sharing the best FIELD GLIMPSES pletely bewildered sometimes. things in our lives with others, Bless the women! We busy pas- far and near. A Walking Rehearsal Many a good dramatic sketch tors might get behind the times Stewardship: Acknowledgis unavailable because of the in our missionary outlook if they ment of God's ownership of perdifficulty in finding people who didn't keep prodding us on." sonality and possessions.

memorize well. The next best The aforementioned outline Lordsluip: Recognition of the thing is what is termed in theat- says, in part: authority and supremacy of J erical parlance "a walking rehearsal." Parts are assigned, In evaluating the place of missions sus Christ in every act and practiced and acted but the lines in the adult program it should be re- thought of life, inclusive of the membered that missions is' intensively obligations of missions. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'''''''i-================~-'====i~ GOD'S FOOL FLORIDA CHAIN OF MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLIES Saint Paul, in writing to the church in Corinth, asked: Over five hundred consecrated Where is the wise? Where is church women in Florida carry the scribe? Where is the disputer of this world? Hath not responsibility for the Florida God made foolish the wisdom of the world? Chain of Missionary Assemblies CUlminating this year, January But we preach Christ cruci- 15-February 15, in meetings in fied, unto Jews a stumbling- Orlando, Deland, Winter Haven, Lakeland, Miami, Palm Beaches, block, and unto Gentiles foolish- Bradenton, Fort Myers, St. ness; but unto them that are Petersburg, Clearwater, Tampa, Gainesville and Jacksonville. called, both Jews and Greeks, Enrollment in each place varied. Christ the power of God and the In St. Petersburg, Florida, wisdom of God. Because the where this year marked the fiffoolishness of God is wiser than teenth annual session, 1621 permen; and the weakness of God sons registered. The registrais stronger than men . ….. Now tion in the thirteen cities was abo u t sixty-five thousand. the natural man receiveth not This did not include the audithe things of the Spirit of God: ences of city clubs, schools, park for they are foolishness unto forums, radio. In Miami, Bayhim; and he cannot know them, is within human experience to front Park, seven thousand perbecause they are spiritually sons heard E. Stanley Jones examined. know that often babes and fools speak. In all cities, young peo- perceive the Truth of mysteries ples' meetings were held. The Saint Luke records that Jesus and speak the Truth. entire missionary project is on one occasion burst into a carried by prayer, careful planprayer of thanksgiving to his The wise man wrote long ago ning, and service of many per- Father the "Lord of heaven and -The fear of God is the begin- sons. Miss B. Louise Woodford, earth" because He had revealed ning of wisdom. Where then is the State Chairman, gives full certain truths "unto babes." wisdom? The Cross, if spiritu- time to the project for five or ally examined, becomes the sym- six months of the year. Pastors bol of the Way of Eternal Life, cooperate. Denominational lines But we also are expected to so that the sad fool asks to praise are not emphasized. Baptists, grow up unto the stature of God through merriment, and the Methodists, Presbyterians, Lu- Jesus Christ. Where then is the weary troubled world of men re- therans, Episcopalians, and foolishness? Where is the wis- joice in the promise of the more o the r denominations 0 pen dom? The foolishness lies in abundant life as symbolized in churches and homes and help in man's proneness to dispute about the empty grave on Easter Day, this concentrated "witness to the the mysteries of God. Once achieved through death on the power of the Risen Christ." when Jesus seemed nigh dis- Cross. traught that his closest friends Therefore let us also, seeing The theme this year, "Chriswere arguing about rank in the we are compassed about with so tian Discipleship in a New Age," Kingdom of God, he placed a great a cloud of witnesses . …. . was presented by a faculty of child in their midst and spoke run with patience the race that sixteen "world ambassadors," quite sternly the Truth. The is set before us, looking unto among whom were E. Stanley child is teachable. Jesus …… who for the joy that Jones, and other home and for- eign missionaries. Your editor Recently a Christian said to was set before him endured the presented two subjects, "Christhe writer: "Don't let us con- cross, despising shame, and hath tian Women in Public Affairs," sider the meaning of the Cross. set down at the right hand of It is too difficult to understand, God. or folks argue about it. Let ~t It was He who told us that remain a mystery." And yet it "tlLe pure in heart shall see God."

[193 ] and "Pioneers on International Any further advance in home Home Missions Councils will Frontiers." Round Table dis- mission~ must be along construc- continue the cooperative decussions followed each presenta- tive lines of intensive, qualita- velopment of the usual lines of tion. Local churches opened tive, planned home missions, and promotion and missionary edutheir pUlpits to Sunday morning not along the lines of extensive, cation. The present proposal and evening services. quantitative, opportunistic home has in view a more constructive This brief report should also missions. There must be a approach to the Church at large include a statement that over larger statesmanship to cope through a nation-wide series of twelve hundred dollars' worth of with the new and complex age in conventions and conferences. books were sold in a well man- which we are living. aged bookroom, where THE MIS- The next home missions ad- III. Resolutions.

SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD vance must be a cooperative ad- A. That the Home Missions was displayed. It gave the editor vance. There must be a demon- Council and the Council of Wompersonal satisfaction to meet stration of our essential unity in en for Home Missions in joint church members who find the the common task of evangelizing session January 11, 1934, ap- Bulletin inspiring and practical. and christianizing America. prove and authorize the sug- If every individual Christian Home missions must be re- gested program of Cooperative and every church with prayer established in the consciousness Home Missions Advance. and confidence of the Church. and cooperative planning deter- There must be recreated in the B. That, in order to complete mined, under the leadership of Church a sense of need and the work of the present Joint Jesus Christ and his Way of urgency for home missions, a Committee on Five-Year Pro- Life, to make Christian the com- desire to share religious privi- gram and to carry forward this munity and national life, the leges, and a knowledge of the twofold advance in program whole nation would come to new changed demands upon home and promotion, a Joint Commitlife which could and would de- mission boards and agencies, as tee on Planning and Strategy be stroy social evils in our midst indicated in the book, "Home appointed to serve for five years and hasten the day when man Missions Today and Tomorrow." from January, 1934, to be conwill do his part to realize in his Love for God the Father must stituted as follows: day the second part of the be increasingly demonstrated in angels' song, loving service to man, as brother. The members of the Joint Commit- tee on Comity and Cooperation of the Glory to God in the Highest II. The Report suggests two two Home Missions Councils; three And on earth peace, goodwill general lines of advance. representatives each from the Fed- eral Council of the Churches and the among men. A. Advance in pro g ram. International Council of Religious Education; the Executive Secretary They are, b r i e fl y THE COOPERATIVE HOME of the Community Church Workers; stated: the Executive Secretary of the Mis- MISSION ADVANCE sionary Education Movement; and the 1. Making any further necessary sur- Executive Secretaries of the two Home On January 11, 1934, the Missions Councils. Committee on Five-Year Pro- veys or special studies. gram of Survey and Adjustment, 2. Immediate steps to complete the or- C. That the Chairman of the and the Committee on Review Joint Committee on Comity and and Forecast appointed in June, ganization of state, city, and re- Cooperation of the Home Mis- 1933, made their report to the gional interdenominational coun- sions Councils act as convenor of Home Missions Council and the this new Joint Committee on Council of Women for Home cils. Planning and Strategy and that Missions. In the 440-page vol- 3. Occupancy of neglected home mis- the Committee then elect its own ume entitled, "Home Missions Chairman and Secretary. sion fields. Today and Tomorrow," * there 4. Conscientious facing, with new de- D. That the executive work of the Joint Committee on Planwas recommended in Section XV termination, all questions of ning and Strategy be in the office an advance in home missions. comity, including the securing of of the Home Missions Council. The Home Mission Councils in the adoption of the comity prinannual meeting accepted this ciples of the Home Missions E. That the Committee on challenge and unanimously ap- Council by all constituent bodies. Planning and Strategy be auproved, by rising vote, the fol- 5. Extending the field of cooperative thorized to invite the cooperation lowing plan for a New Coopera- action through the Home Mis- in the proposed state conventions tive Home Mission Advance: sions Councils by enlarging their and conferences of other inter- function, by using them in spe- denominational agencies. I. The proposal for advance is cial types of service and for the based upon the following development of coordinated pro- F. That the Boards and grams in various mission fields. agencies, and ecclesiastical 6. Giving more attention to various administrative questions, such as personnel requirement, more thor- ough coordination of programs in the field, improvement of tech- nical standards of work, effecting necessary readjustment of work, considerations: sharpening objective of each bodies constituent to these co- phase of work. operating councils be asked to * ((Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." B. Advance in promotion. approve this Cooperative Pro- It is expected that the Joint gram of Advance and recom- A Review and Forecast. Edited by Hermann N. Morse. Price, $2. It can be secured from the Home Missions Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York. Committee on Promotion of the mend it to their constituency.

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~'~I~~=A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts=====~~ INDIA rias insists that this "impedi- tor, found that it was difficult for ment to India's conversion" must villagers to understand the Bi- Differences Are Imaginary be removed by convincing India ble published in the classical that "Christ has not come to Marathi version. Determined to Mr. K. Natarajan believes that eradicate all that constitutes In- give these people the Scriptures the greatest obstacle to an un- dian civilization," but rather in a more simple form she began derstanding of India by Western that He desires "to transform it the task of Bible translation. peoples is the impression that with a new glory of perfection." With a few of her best students the people of India are wholly she took up the study of Hebrew different from themselves. He -Dnyanodaya. and Greek and with the aid of affirms that the people of India these loyal assistants translated are neither more spiritual nor Trust the Indians the entire Bible into a simple more materialistic than the peo- form of Marathi. Women and ple of America. Indians may Dr. Foss Wescott, the Bishop girl students printed and bound talk more of religion and Amer- of Calcutta and Metropolitan of the translation after it had been icans more of wealth; but in India, who recently returned to completed. The volume is an practical life the chief preoccu- India after spending s 0 m e admirable translation and is repation of both is how to get on months in Great Britain, was markable in that it is entirely in the world. profoundly impressed with the the work of women, all first gen- obvious conviction among lead- eration Christians converted The idea of Indians being met- ers that the one hope of a solu- from Hinduism, and is probably aphysicians and mystics has tak- tion of today's world problems the only complete Bible transen a strong hold on the Ameri- lay in a religious revolution. He lated, printed and bound by can mind. Mr. Natarajan says: has returned with great faith in women. A copy, presented to "At the conclusion of my last lec- the possibilities of the Oxford the American Bible Society, may ture in Chicago some women re- movement. Referring to the be seen at New York. quested me to deliver some lec- proposals for a new constitution tures on metaphysics. I told for India, he said that the pres- "Ashram" at Vellore them that I knew very little of ent difficulties of India were due the subject, but they seemed in large measure to the suspicion "Be still and know that I am to think that every man from In- and fear which prevailed on all God." This challenging call to dia was an expert metaphysi- sides. He held that the Church meditation is carved on the door cian." -Congregationalist. should lead in restoring har- posts of the beautiful "House of mony, and that this could only Prayer" of the VeIlore Ashram, Why India Resists be done by showing that we which was dedicated on October trusted the real leaders of the 22d. The building differs from Dr. A. C. E. Zacharias, in his nation. the usual one, following as it recent book "The Renascent In- does the Dravidian type of archidia," says that the movement for "According to the white paper tecture. The service of dedicasocial and religious reform is proposals," he said, "the eccle- tion was chosen from various above and before eveLI'ything a siastical portfolio would be in the sources ;-an old song from the matter of the spirit. hands of the Governor-General, Latin, a call to silence, several not of his council. This seems psalms, the common confession It is the Spirit of God, breath- to argue a mistrust of the leaders of sin, prayers of invocation and ing where it listeth, which has of the nation, and the question adoration, Solomon's prayer at inspired the spirits of men." is whether we should not take the dedication of the temple in the necessary steps to show that Jerusalem, a litany of dedication, . . . Hindus refuse, "not so we are prepared to trust them a song written by a brother Ashmuch the Christian faith, as its to do what is just and right." ramite-all were woven together European form." St. Augus- and put in printed form so that tine's explanation of why the -Christian Century. all could take the message home Jewish elite of our Lord's day and ponder over it. would not accept Him, parallels Indian Woman's Bible India's resistance to Jesus Christ The Ashram was built primarfrom "the fear that if all be- While carrying on famine re- ily for the use of Hindus. From lieved in Christ, none would be lief work among the Marathi, the School come each morning left to defend their own divine who number nearly 17,000,000 in civilization and polity against the Bombay presidency, Saras- Western invaders." Dr. Zacha- vati Ramabai, the gifted educa- [195 ]

for prayer and meditation 125 ing, longing to find salvation and Siam in December, 1928, in- peace which can be found only in the children, almost all Hindus. The spired some Siamese Christians visitors are principally Hindus. Lord Jesus Christ. Over 7,000 meet- to plan for a National Church. The Sunday afternoon services ings with upwards of 300,000 total at- In 1930, the National Christian tendance have been held this last year. for women, the special gather- -News Bulletin. Council was formed, and in 1933 ings, all will be attended largely the national Christians are com- by nonChristian audiences. Burme.se Village Turns mitted to the establishment of -Christian Intelligencer. Christian The Church of Christ in Siam. The decision was reached after Caring for Lepers in India Benj amin M. Jones, a Metho- dist missionary, tells in the an assurance that the mission- There are probably more lep- Christian Advocate how one aries, the Boards of Foreign ers in India in proportion to the Kachin village in Burma became Missions, and the Church in total population than in most of 100% Christian, after having America approved, and that such the other parts of the world. opposed it to the extent of mov- The latest (1931) Census re- ing two hundred miles into the a step would not remove the misports 148,000 lepers in India, or jungle to escape the Gospel. sionary, nor sever the ties that 42 lepers per every 100,000 peo- bind them to European and ple. The Mission to Lepers re- An evangelist of the Karen American Christian groups. ports: race went to the village to try to win them. He acquired a lot and A constitution based largely At the end of 1932, 6,509 sufferers went for bamboo to build his on the constitution of The from leprosy were accommodated in house. When he got back he Church of Christ in China has the Homes in India for which the Mis- been drawn up and widely cir- culated in every Christian group.

sion is financially respons,ible; and found the villagers had put up A revision committee is at work 801 healthy children of leper parents a shrine and dedicated it, and it on the Siamese phraseology of were being cared for. Five years ago must not be moved. He acquired the Constitution. The task comthe figures were 5,581 and 769 respec- another site and rushed up his pleted it will be formally pre- tively, and ten years ago 4,652 and 565. Thus in the last ten years re- house in one day to avoid its be- sented to the missions and by sponsibility for the care of nearly 2,000 more patients, and over 200 more ing broken down. He made them to their Boards for sanchealthy children, has been shouldered. friends with the children but tion. This is progress for which we cannot could get no access to the old -Presbyterian Advance.

but be deeply grateful. . . . India at folks. At last one of the lads bepresent must answer the charge of so largely allowing the immense problem came very ill. His relatives sac- CHINA of her neediest, most friendless lepers, rificed fowls then pigs. He only A Message of Fellowship to fall upon the shoulders of men and grew worse and they were pre- women from other lands who strive, paring to sacrifice three buffa- At its ninth annual meeting and even agonize, to provide for these loes, when the lad died, or they broken folk whose claim for help can thought he did. Then the lad's The National Christian Council be so hardly denied. mother went to the Christian sent a message to Christians in -Dnyanodaya. teacher and said, "You say your America, the gist of which is in the following paragraph: God can raise the dead. Come Seeking for Truth now and try it on my son and we We have heard with deep sympathy of the difficulties and anxieties from The Bombay Christian Coun- will believe." The teacher asked which you are suffering as a result of the present economic depression. Our cil has held its 22d annual meet- the mother to take away all the common suffering in this time of deing. The American Board was emblems of spirit worship. She pression brings home to our minds represented by Dr. Wilbur S. said she didn't dare to, but that afresh the unity of mankind. We Deming and Dr. B. P. Hivale, he might do so himself. Then he realize something of the burden that laid his hands on the boy and the last few years have meant for you brilliant Indian lecturer who vis- prayed, and the boy immediately in continuing the help that you give ited America in 1928. They re- sat up and threw his arms to the Church in China, and would port: express our gratitude for that help around the teacher. The teacher There is a marked difference in the began to sing and the boy joined and our keen appreciation of the sacriattitude of the people everywhere, and in. The teacher forbade him, ficial love that prompts your giving. in some towns the caste people gave saying that he was too weak and In the midst of our own distress and our Gospel teams a most cordial wel- the anxieties of our critical national come making all the arrangements for must not exhaust himself. The situation, we feel more deeply than the meetings, and helping us in gath- ever the spiritual value of Christian ering the people together to hear the boy denied that he was weak and fellowship and friendship as a sustain- Message. We feel that day by day the asked for food. His previous ing power. Our common difficulties people are becoming more interested in Christ and crowds always gather trouble had been that he could draw us closer together and we face to hear the songs and testimonies. not swallow food. The signs of them in the confident hope that you will stand by us.

There was never before in India such weakness and illness disapa religious awakening as there is to- Business Man Gives Gospel day. People of all creeds are seeking peared from him at once. Tent certainty and truth, and as they are not able to find it in their own re- Siamese National Church A well-to-do business man in ligions they eagerly turn to the Chris- Hongkong, Mr. Lim Tsu Hong, tians to try to find out what they have The celebration of the Cen- came to visit his father, ordained and what they believe. They are wait- tenary of Protestant Missions in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Baptist pastor at Kim Khe, 27 good works. She initiated the sionaries and Chinese Christians miles west of Kityang, South "officers' Moral Welfare Associa- perished together in 1900, and is tion," promoted by General a memorial to those martyrs. It China. While there he mani- Chiang, and in Nanchang the was built in 1924, at a cost of fested great interest in evangel- Women's Aid Society for the $34,000, one-third of which was istic work, and offered $1,000 for wounded soldiers was organized given by Chinese. During the the purchase of a gospel tent and by her during April of last year, three days of meetings the older with the cooperation of the lead- church members recalled the outfit. A tent-maker was found ing women of the city and of the scenes of earlier days; and and the contract let for a tent Church. At that time there were many younger Christians heard 40 x 60 feet. A good portable 1,227 wounded in Nanchang, and for the first time, or in greater organ, four gas lanterns, a plat- this Aid Society entered upon detail, of 1900 and the years preform and 50 benches completed three kinds of work for them;- ceding. -Missionary Herald. giving out comfort packages the outfit. Within two weeks the (with Mme. Chiang's very prac- A Christian Library School tent was finished and shipped to tical and generous financial Swatow. Two days later, after aid); training a first aid class Boone Library School at Wua dedicatory service, the outfit and visiting the wounded in the chang is the only one of its kind was loaded into a boat and towed hospitals once a week. Knowing in all China. It is maintained by to a village for its initial cam- that caring for the physical com- the Protestant Episcopal Mispaign. In the six months fol- fort of the soldiers was not sion. Mr. Samuel Seng, libralowing, nine campaigns, varying enough, Mme. Chiang asked the rian, has twenty-one students in from seven to eighteen days, churches to form an evangelistic the two classes, coming from were held. Frequently, as many committee to carry the Gospel to eight provinces. One or more as a thousand crowded into the the wounded. students come from Canton and tent. Classes of 20 to 30 were Shanghai, Peiping and Manchuorganized for further study. -The Presbyterian. ria, from Szechuan and even ·from Yunnan, the far southwest- -Missions. New Bible Society ern province. Students from Yunnan require twenty days to The Shantung Revival Thinking that three Bible So- reach Wuchang in Central cieties-the British and Foreign, China. At the annual Conference of the American and the Scotch- were not enough for China, Some students hold scholarthe Southern Baptist's Mission Chang Chi Kiang, the ex-war- ships from the China Founda- lord, who has been an earnest tion, an educational fund; a few in North China, encouraging Christian for several years, has are sent by provincial bureaus of joined with three other Chinese education; two are sent by limessages were given as to the notables to establish what is braries, and the others are self- called, "The Eastern China Bi- supporting. Graduates are fillwidespread revival movement ble Society." These four had a ing important library positions popular meeting, and each one in many parts of China. going on in its field. In Pingtu spoke on the importance of Bi- ble study and what it meant to JAPAN-CHOSEN county one thousand have been them. They hope to arrange the Bibles in a spectacular way- Tokyo's Week of Evangelism baptized since the last confer- making them appear attractive -thus hoping to sell more. One hundred and sixty Japaence. A new church with 167 Chang Chi Kiang had a Bible nese Christian churches of all printed several years ago with denominations in Tokyo united members has been organized. a most attractive binding- in the observance of "Christian largely gilt with black. Week," from November 5th to Four hundred dollars' worth of 12th, to assist "in the regenera- -Presbyterian Survey. tion of the nation in this period Bibles were sold during the year. of emergency." This city-wide Taiku's Celebration Christian campaign was con- In Tsinan another new church ducted by all Christian leaders The American Board Mission under the banner of the National has been organized. From this in Taiku, Shansi, celebrated its Christian Regeneration Move- fiftieth anniversary on October ment; and its program was the field ten students have entered 28th, 29th, 30th. Community, result of eighteen months of churches and schools were well preparation by a committee of the Hwanghsien Seminary. In represented, and ~oo Christians seventeen members. from the country came in for the connection with the city church gathering. The meetings were The chairman, Rev. Kunio Ko- held in City Church which daira, stated that if human help twenty-eight evangelistic bands stands on the spot where mis- were sufficient to save the indi- vidual and the society that is have been active. One of these is composed of men from the Government Construction Bu- reau who were converted during the year. Schools and hospitals have shared in this revival move- ment. Hwanghsien had forty- two bands working out from the city church, the schools and the hospital. At Laiyang the county's first Chinese pastor was or- dained. It is noted that the chief emphasis was laid upon the "fruits of the spirit" in daily life. -Chinese Recorder.

A Christian Example Mme. Chiang is a practical Christian, as shown by. her many

against the wall, there would be by Japanese Methodists. The tory come two or three times a no crisis. The only salvation is pastor is the adopted son of a week for Bible study; and three through Christ alone. "Through missionary's cook, and a grad- of them have recently been bapthe love of Christ we must find uate of Kwansei Gakuin. Since tized and one confirmed. strength for ourselves and for the dedication, the Sunday our nation. Through our move- School has increased 200 per -C. M. S. Outlook.

ment, which will extend into cent. -World Outlook. Christian Forces Need Support every part of our nation, we seek A well-informed correspond- ent in Japan says in a recent letto embody into the Japanese Conscience Wins ter to the American Board: spirit the highest ideals of our It is now required that Japa- All is not joy in Japan. The de- nese school children shall be tak- fense of Manchukuo against the infaith, as we are convinced that en periodically to a Shinto shrine roads of bandits and the threat of in- to do reverence to the Emperor. vasion from China is a constant drain where strength has failed, spirit Whether this is a religious or pa- on human and financial resources. Old triotic observance is not clear, Mr. Depression is still in the saddle and the new soul will win. . . . but it has enough likeness to a with General Militarism. Japan is religious rite to raise a question trying to canter along as before, but We see the great mission of Jap- of conscience for Christians. In it takes more food in the form of taxes a small town in the interior of to carry such fat riders together. anese Christians to regenerate Japan some four or five school Next year's national budget has just children refused to join their been announced as Y2,111,500,OOO, and their spirit, and contribute to classmates in the required visit is sixty million yen larger than this to the shrine. As a result, the year's record; Y935,OOO,OOO will go to the national strength of spirit Minister of Education withdrew military expenses. The police are try- the permission under which a ing to uproot the spread of commuand idealism that will in them- small Christian mission in the nism, but it seems to be spreading locality operated. The (;ther in- among the sons and daughters of the selves be contributions to inter- cident occurred in a factory wealthy, as well as among the stunational security, peace and where a large number of girls dents, teachers and even judges. -Missions. are employed. The owners had Meanwhile strong leaders of liberal unity." erected a Shinto shrine in the tendencies are apt to be murdered by compound, which they required reactionary bands. Against Licensed Evil the girls to visit in order to do reverence to the Emperor. The Korea Mission Jubilee The campaign against licensed seven or eight Christians among prostitution which is being the employees refused to join in The Presbyterian Mission will waged by many Japanese women this observance, and were dis- be fifty years old on September is making real progress. Re- missed from their jobs as a re- 20, 1934. For this reason it cently the last licensed house in sult. Note what followed. All plans to hold a Jubilee in Seoul the Akita Prefecture was closed. the other girls went on strike, at its next annual meeting, June Success is due largely to Mrs. and remained away, until the 30th to July 3, 1934. This cele- Hayakawa who has for several Christian girls were reinstated. bration begun in Seoul, will be years championed the cause of continued throughout the coungirls who wished to be freed -Congregationalist. try and extend well into the from their degrading servitude. spring of 1935, as the plans are When she learned that three In the Factories now. It will be marked by spegirls had appealed under their cial preaching of the Gospel and legal rights to the police but Evangelistic work is being prosecution of the great forward without results, she went to the done in Kurume's factories, and movement, which is now in its Chief of Police and told him yields encouraging results. In third year. something must be done. .He did one factory the attendance at the not act. She went to the gover- meetings is usually over 400; -The Presbyterian. nor. Like many governors he had no desire to court unpopu- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC larity with any part of his constituency, so he, too, did noth- Chinese Missions in Malaya ing. Said the determined Mrs. Hayakawa, "Either you do something or I go to Tokyo and present this case to the Minister of the Interior." At that, she got action. -Missionary Herald.

Congratulations from a Pagan and out of these some come to The latest undertaking of the classes for Bible study, with the Chinese Foreign Missionary At Mie Machi, where a new result that seven were confirmed Union is to open work in the is- Methodist Church had just been last year. In another factory, lands of Bangka and Billiton, dedicated, a pagan chief of po- where cotton wool is prepared, and more than 200 smaller islice stood up in the pulpit to con- evangelistic meetings have been lands of this group which lie off gratulate Christians upon the held once or twice a month for the southeast coast of Sumatra. erection of a new church build- several years past, but recently The Union has six married ing, and urged them to turn in the factory workers have made couples and four single young and build new men for the com- request that in addition there men at work, all Chinese. Be- munity. Church and parsohage, might be a short service of sides working among the hun- costing between four and five morning prayers on their week- dreds of thousands of their own thousand yen, was built largely ly rest day. Girls from this fac- people, who have overflowed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

from China into' the island world the advantage of being cheap have adapted themselves to the and French Indo-China, they and is nonirritating in a solu- arts of civilization remarkably are carrying on missionary work tion of 1 to 1,000." well.-Missionary Review (Au- among the native population; -Without the Camp. stralia) .

and have pioneered into the in- GENERAL terior of Borneo and the Celebes. Large Returns in the Looking Ahead in Missions -The Bible for China. Philippines Rev. F. Scott Thompson, More Baptisms in Bali Rev. Lee I Rose, Protestant United Presbyterian Missionary Episcopal Missionary of Sagada, in Assiut, Egypt, writing in the The conversion of the first P. I., describes the. Sunday Women's Missionary Magazine, Balinese has caused a great stir school there. gives five characteristics which in the papers of the Netherlands he predicts will mark the misand of the Dutch East Indies, be- Made up as it is of big and little sionary enterprise of the future. cause the Dutch government had illiterates, third or half clothed, wild They are: forbidden all Christian mission- as deer, and presided over entirely by ary work on the island. When school children, it is one of the most 1. An attitude of greater appreciatwo young men whose fathers fascinating things here. I love to tion and friendliness toward the fol- watch Albert Masferre's class of old lowers of other faiths. We cango far men. Half of them are afraid to be were Chinese and whose mothers baptized, afraid that evil spirits will in making commpn cause with other punish them for turning, but almost religions against the rising tides of were Balinese, heard the Gospel more afraid of judgment to come if message in Chinese, the Gospel they do not give themselves to the materialism and infidelity which began to spread. Since the last worship of Apo Dios. They flock to threaten all religion; and can join heartily in many movements for moral report, according to which 105 Albert's class every Sunday and lis- reform. ten attentively. There are great 2. Cooperation among the different Balinese were baptized, the Chi- missionary societies. nese missionary of the Christian searchings of heart among them, and Alliance Mission, Rev. K. F. 3. The assumption of larger respon- eventually they will COIm:l for baptism. sibilities by mission~field churches. Repeatedly they come to ask if it is Tsang, has baptized 130 more. not possible for them to receive the 4. An increased emphasis on the other sacraments without that pre- practical application of the Gospel to It is reported that 300 more are liminary step. We do not urge them, the ills and needs of individuals and under instruction. This is lead- because I want them to come without society. The mission will present not ing to persecution and opposi- fear in their hearts, and with full de- merely a program of social service but tion. But the inhabitants in ten termination to be good Christians. a dynamic of social reconstruction. One old man did come not long ago, 5. The presentation of Christ as the villages have resolved to follow and he is most devout and happy. He supreme objective in all mission ef- was one of the leaders of the old re- forts. With charity, and with cour- Christ, have broken their idols ligion, and I noticed this morning that tesy and conviction missionaries will in pieces and are refusing to ad- here further to the idolatry of he was among the most reverent of continue to present by word and deed the Hindu temples. These Chris- all those receiving communion. He the exclusive and universal claims of comes two or three week_days in addi- Him who says "And I, if I be lifted tians are not yet formally organ- tion to Sundays. At Sagada more up, will draw all men unto Me." ized but they have elected eight than 1,500 individuals had communion out of their numbers as elders, last year; at Tanulon, an,outstation, New Christian Standards or as the Malays call them, over 500 more; at Besao, which Mr. "Servants of the Church." These Rose is carrying during the mission- For many Chinese and Japelders are receiving special Bi- ary's absence on furlough, more than anese youth Christianity has ble instruction. another 500. meant the acceptance of new standards, new foundations for Dye Treatment for Leprosy Fiji School for Girls life. The Living Church tells of an American youth who per- A Methodist Mission School Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, of the for Girls has been founded at suaded three young Chinese to Sungei Buloh Leper Colony in Muanikau in the Fiji Islands. visit Japan with him. During the Malay States, has obtained The School is said to have three two weeks they met young Japencouraging results in the use of objectives: Training Fijian fe- anese, individually or in groups, blue dye treatments for leprosy. male teachers; preparing Fijian and talked frankly about their Now comes a report from the girls for entrance into the Colo- countries' relations. Christians Chiengmai Leper Colony in Siam nial War Memorial Hospital to and non-Christians were conthat a spray of brilliant green be trained as nurses, and the tacted. Reports one of the dye has been helpful with cer- general education of Fijian girls visitors: tain leprous ulcers. "Several to make them worthy and ca- Everywhere we found the feeling deep ulcers have healed up en- pable mothers of the next gener- towards the Chinese friendly. One ation. In each objective, the re- person told me he had never seen hiS tirely after three applications," sults will be passed on to the (Japanese) student group so crushed writes the Superintendent, Mr. next generation. Fiji girls are as when they were told about the sit- J. Hugh McKean, "and every promising material on which to uation and feeling which the military one reports favorably. The Mis- action had created in China. The sion to Lepers believes that it is work. They have a reputation Chinese trio's frankness, poise and live much too soon to make any defi- for modesty and dignity, and are faith that God must have a way other not easily influenced by the cus- than armed conflict, if we would but nite statement, but is definitely find it together, will not soon be forhopeful about this spray. It has toms of other races. Yet they gotten.

Among a number of socialist Figures That Talk Strangers Within Our Gates theories now sweeping over The Golden Rule Foundation, Some 200,000 Portuguese are China and Japan is a proposal New York, has issued a chart settled in New England, chiefly for the establishment of experi- showing how Americans spend in Massachusetts and Rhode Ismental Christian communities to their money. In 1929, peak year land. They have come from the demonstrate on a small scale at of prosperity, $12,573,000,000 Azores, from Madeira, Cape first "the kind of economic and was spent for luxuries and semi- Verde and from Portugal. The social life which expresses our luxuries, while gifts to philan- Baptist Home Mission Society Christian faith in the practical thropy, including the church, has an aggressive and fruitful terms of a cooperative society. amounted to $2,450,720,000. Of evangelistic work among these These can be demonstration this last amount, only 40.7 per people. Four pastors and one centers and training ground for cent were gifts to the church for woman worker devote their full leaders in the revolutionary task its maintenance and various ac- time to the program. They, with of building the new China, the tivities, including missionary their assistants, have set as their new Japan and the new Amer- work at home and abroad. goal for this year an addition of ica." In 1930 there was a reduction five new members by baptism in the amount spent for luxuries into each of the existing congre- Results of Persecutions amounting to slightly less than gations. Already, new spiritual twenty per cent. The sharpest life is evidenced. New centers The Jewish Question is being decline was in money spent for are being opened, and the Gosdiscussed in all parts of the jewelry and gadgets, phono- pel is being carried into hunworld. Friends of Christ are graphs, confectionery and chew- dreds of additional homes. concerned in the effects which ing gum, instruments and music, will result from the persecutions, while narcotics and drinks, -Watchman-Examiner. expulsions and other distresses smoking, theaters and other befalling these ancient people. amusements nearly maintained A Presbyterian Protest Not only are the Jews today in- the high level of 1929, and the quiring into the truths of the amount spent for each of these Dr. William T. Ellis, world Gospel as never before, and look- three groups far exceeds gifts to traveler, author, journalist and ing to Jesus as the greatest Jew religion. -Alliance Weekly. Bible teacher, has sent out a docthat ever lived, but Christian ument, signed by over forty people are being reminded of "Too Much Time in Prayer" prominent Presbyterian laymen their debt to the Jew. The Nor- and women, testifying to their diskt Missions-Tidsskrift, which Bishop McKim, former Pre- confidence in the doctrinal loyhad an interesting article on Zin- siding Bishop of the Japanese alty and efficiency of the Preszendorf's attitude toward Jewish Church, tells of the Alaskan mis- byterian Board of Foreign ~is­ Missions, has in its last number sionary doctor, Grafton Burke: sions and its representatIves. a stimulating article by the late During the winter months an In- These names include Judge Bishop A. S. Poulsen on "The dian runner came to Dr. Burke Thomas F. Bailey of Hunting- Most Mysterious People in the with the word that a foreigner ton, W. P. Fraser of Pittsburgh, World," and promises for the was lying in the snow at a point Mrs. Wilton Merle-Smith of near future a number of articles some fifty miles away. Dr. New York, Mrs. J. Livingston on antiSemitism and missions. Burke at once harnessed his dog Taylor of Cleveland and W. H. team and set forth. He found T. Foster of South Dakota. They NORTH AMERICA the famous Arctic explorer, Stef- protest against the attacks on ansson, near death from double the Board by a group of "Funda- "Holy Money" pneumonia. The explorer recov- mentalists" who are making an ered, and, as he was leaving the effort to organize a new Presby- Dr. William Mayo, world fa- hospital, he said to Dr. Burke: terian Board of Foreign Mismous surgeon, speaking for him- "Money cannot repay what you sions. They testify to the high self and his equally famous have done for me. You have Christian character of the work brother Charles, said: saved my life. But I should like as they have seen it and the loy- to make one criticism. You alty of the missionaries to Christ The "holy money," as we call it, would accomplish more if you and His Gospel. must go back into the service of that did not spend so much time in humanity which paid it to us. If we religious work, and in prayer." Our Polish Neighbors can train five hundred pairs of hands, Dr. Burke replied: "If it had not we have helped to hand on the torch. been for prayer I should not be Forty years ago the American From 1894 onward we have never used here, this hospital would not Baptist Home Mission Society more than half of our incomes on our- have been here, and you would started the first Polish Mission selves and our families; latterly much be lying dead in the snow." in Buffalo, N. Y. From this beless. My brother and I have both put ginning there arose, gradu~l.ly, ourselves on salaries. We live within -The Living Church. missions in all the larger CItIes them. My house is turned over to t~e of the United States, with aid Foundation. I wouldn't want my ChIl- from this Society. German Bapdren deprived of the fun and benefit of wanting something, and going out to fight for it.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tists opened their Seminary in induce Negroes whose member- bled and swore. I wasted my wages in wickedness, and my family was Rochester, in order that Polish ship is in the Methodist Episcopreachers who knew German, pal, Presbyterian, Congrega- often in want. My little girl came but very little English, might re- tional and Episcopal churches to here to church, and often urged me to come; but I was so bad I was ashamed ceive training. Later, the Home join with them, eventually form- to come. I didn't know how they might receive an evil man like me. But one Mission Society helped to estab- ing an organization to speak for day my little girl took me by the hand lish the International Seminary and brought me to church. I sat in in Chicago, with a Polish de- an overwhelming majority of the the back, afraid and ashamed. The partment. church members were all nice to me. 12,000,000 Negroes in the United States. The ad interim body At present there are twenty- formed to complete plans for the I liked what I saw and heard. I came again and again. Then one day I acfive Polish Baptist churches and Chicago convention is known as cepted Christ. He made a big change missions in the United States the "Voluntary Committee on in me. He took away my swearing, where the Gospel is preached, the Federation of Negro Reli- my smoking, all my drinking. I am a different man. I don't gamble and and children are brought up in gious Denominations in the waste my wages. I bring them home an atmosphere of the spirit of United States of America." to my family. The men I work with say "Sanchez, what kind of pills did Christ. There are about 2,000 -Christian Century. you take to cure yourself of drunkmembers in these churches, and ness?" I say to them: "I take no approximately the same number LATIN AMERICA pills. It is medicine from heaven." of children and young people. Puerto Rican Protestantism -Watchman-Examiner. -Joseph Rzepecki.

Heathen on the Prairies The evangelical movement in Reaping a Harvest Puerto Rico includes 276 organ- In 1893, Rev. Fred J. Peters, In a one-room prairie school- ized churches, with 24,000 mem- John Jarrett and Robert Stark, house in Cherry County, Nebras- bers, 559 Sunday schools, enroll- went from London as pioneer ing 45,000 pupils, 126 young peo- Protestant missionaries to Peru, ka, a teacher found, while pre- and in fourteen years, filled with paring a Christmas program, ple's societies, 114 other church discouragements and opposition, that the children did not even societies, 22 schools, including won 47 converts. In 1907 Mr. know of the birth of Christ, and Peters moved to the United kindergarten and graded schools, States to educate his children, had not the slightest conception two high schools, one college and but in 1909 he went to Cuba, of God. In some isolated sec- one theological seminary, three where five years of preaching tions of western, northwestern hospitals with about 200 beds won 500 converts. and southwestern parts of the and caring for 70,000 patients United States children are often III health compelled Mr. Pe- annually. The 276 churches of ters to return to the States in without the benefits of a Sunday all denominations contributed 1914, where he served as pastor school or of a church service. during 1932 more than $110,000, in Pennsgrove, N. J., until 1922, One teacher in Montana writes that their school is thirty-eight of which about $90,000 was for when he returned to Cuba. Since miles from any church, and that self-support and $21,000 for be- then eleven revival campaigns they have no Sunday school nor have resulted in 11,500 converpreaching in her community. nevolence. They use 235 church sions. buildings and 145 other build- The Bible Institute Colportage ings for related activities. Mrs·. Peters, with her singing, Association of Chicago, founded has helped in the work for by D. L. Moody in 1894, is mak- Ministers working under the thirty-five years; and their son ing an earnest effort to place Disciples of Christ in Puerto Claude, with his voice and Rico have voted unanimously to knowledge of piano, has contribgood Christian literature and request membership in the uted his talents since 1928. Scripture portions in the hands United Evangelical Church of of boys and girls in America's -So S. Times. pioneer homes. Puerto Rico, and their request was cordially accepted. Recently – William Norton. the fourth annual meeting was held in Yanco, P. R. A Baptist pastor expressed the hope that Unreached Indians Negro Federal Council the example of the Disciples William M. Strong, Jr., has re- might soon be followed by Bap- Leaders from the African tist churches and ministers, and cently gone to southern Chile to Methodist Episcopal, the Afri- a leading Puerto Rican of the can Methodist Episcopal Zion, take up work among the Indians. the National Baptist, and the Methodist denomination indi- Dr. Sadleir of the Anglican Church is a pioneer missionary Colored Methodist churches have cated great interest in the move- among the Indians of Chile, and ment. -Christian Century.

taken steps to form a Federal "Medicine from Heaven" has been named by them with Council of Negro Churches. A the honorary title of "Casique convention in Chicago next Au- A recently baptized Mexican, General" (Chief of the Tribes) gust will inaugurate this new a middle aged stone mason, told because of what he has succeeded body. The four denominations his story with a shining face: in obtaining from the Governalready participating claim 4,- 852,000 members. They hope to Si Senor, I was a bad hombre, a ment for the, Indian nations. very bad hombre. I drank and gam- Dr. Sadleir has had to discon-

tinue his activities because of his Montevideo Conference Wins 000 Protestants. It is significant age; and as he turned over these Victory that while seventy per cent of translations it seemed as if an Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, execu- the population of Brazil can old warrior was delivering his tive secretary of the Committee well-tried arms into the hands of on Cooperation in Latin Ameri- neither read nor write, among the young soldier who was about ca, says: the Protestants there are no ilto engage in the same cause in literates. The influence of Prot- estantism has been g rea t I y which he had labored and fought The work of the Montevideo Confer- strengthened in Brazil owing to for so many years. ence has been done. Its victory is as- the world Sunday School Con- sured. Pan Americanism has been gress at Rio de Janeiro in 1932, The Chilean Mapuche Indian, saved from the rocks toward which it attended by delegates of thirtywith but few exceptions does not was rapidly drifting. Every delega- live as a peon like his Bolivian tion voted in favor of the resolution three nations. The President of relative, but independently on against intervention, with the United the Republic and other high au- States approval, qualified only the in- thorities testified on that occasmall farms of a few acres each. terpretations of President Roosevelt's sion to the importance of the He forms no towns, but as each address on the Good Neighbor Policy holding is as a rule quite small, and the strong statement of Secretary work of the Protestant popula- Hull in the conference on the rights of it is easy to reach hundreds from States. tion, and since then the position a single center. At one point we of Protestantism in Brazil has had a most interesting time with Mohammedans in South considerably improved. a young Indian school teacher America -Christian Observer. who had been appointed by the Chilean Government to take There are about 30,000 Mo- EUROPE charge of the school which, with hammedans in Brazil. Originally Religious Awakening the dwelling, had been provided those who professed this faith by the Indians themselves with were African salves; but in re- In April, 1932, Chaplain Raytheir own labor and money. This cent years there has been im- mond C. Knox of Columbia Unischoolmaster had some time pre- migration from Syria. They live versity who was commissioned viously purchased a Bible from for the most part in Bahia, in by the University to undertake a Brother Bucher who had trav- Central Brazil and in the valley study of religious conditions in eled through that same way and of the Amazon. In Mafiaos, a Europe, visited England, Scotwe found that he was eagerly river port about a thousand land, Germany, France, Italy, reading it to his wife in their miles from the sea, a great deal Spain, Czecho Slovakia, Hunspare time. of literature in Arabic is being gary and Austria. Most of these "Indigenas" circulated. However it is said Dr. Knox found that condi- (they dislike the term "Indios") that comparatively few of the tions and problems vary greatly understand only "bread and but- Mohammedans there observe the in the different countries, but ter" Spanish. The vast majority holy times and rites of their re- that the relation between Church comprehend very little or not at ligion. A few of the slaves, and State is the one common facall, even the simplest Gospel probably Haussas, were forced tor. There were many indicamessage. All who do not know to accept Catholicism, but since tions of a widespread awaken- Spanish are illiterate and even their emancipation they have ing and deepening interest in most of those who do are. There- tried to get back to Moham- religion. This could not be measfore the only really effectual medanism. means of reaching them is by the ured in terms of church attendspoken word in their own language. In the Argentine the only Mo- ance, but where religion was re- lated to life, there one found peo- Next Thursday I am hoping to hammedans are Syrian Arabs ple intensely interested. A clarifind an ox-cart in Traiguen who have immigrated there; and fying, strengthening movement in Buenos Aires there is even a Pan-Islamic Union. in Protestantism is to be ob- headed for Galvarino to move me The number of all the Moham- served on the Continent as well and my belongings to a Mapuche medans has been variously esti- as in England and Scotland, and home just outside of Galvarino, mated as from 160,000 to 180,- Dr. Knox mentioned a few evi- 000. There is no specially or- dences: a town of two or three thousand, ganized work reported for the and without any Gospel light. I L A renewal of faith as a personal spread of the Gospel among religious experience. feel that the Lord may have at these people; but Bibles in least a temporary ministry for Arabic are being circulated, 2. A utilization of the results of bib- especially by the Immigrant lical scholarship. me there among the ChjJean people as well as among the Ma- Mission in Buenos Aires. 3. Faith is a central conviction and puches on the various surro'und- loyalty, and not a SUbscription to overing "reducciones." Twenty-four intellectualized formulas defining every aspect of religious belief.

hours spent with this Mapuche Protestantism in Brazil There is not, Dr. Knox befamily has proved what a few lieves, a deep realization of the weeks would do toward a knowl- According to the latest statis- need for unity among the major- edge of both themselves and tics, there are among the 42,000,- ity of religious people, habits of their language as well. 000 inhabitants of Brazil 1,000,- aloofness are too fixed, and the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the leaders lags for lack donia, he met a shepherd who ligions make union among Chris- of popular support. spends his days with his sheep tians a matter of extreme im- -The Churchman. on the mountains, but who re- portance. With this in view, a turns to the village at night. group of Christian leaders in Protestantism in Austria During the war he came in con- Africa held a conference, both tact with a spiritually-minded historic and unique, at the C. M. Austria is a Catholic country, man who gave him a new vision with six and a half million in- S. station in Mvumi last Novemhabitants, of whom only 300,000 and a new purpose. Gradually ber, to discuss the possibility of are Protestants. A missionary, he has gathered a group of his union. Never before had the writing in World Dominion, friends around him for worship. participants met in conference, states that the Protestant Mr. Kayiayian was invited to go and no one knew what would Church of Austria is a growing happen with such diversity of church. Between 1914 and to that village and spoke to them spiritual ancestry, training and 1931, as many as thirty new con- twice at their request. He was outlook. It was agreed that comgregations were founded, while greatly impressed with the zeal municant members of any of the there was an increase of 65,000 and devotion of these simple… uniting churches should have the in the membership. This in- privileges and responsibilities of crease was due in the main to a minded folk. In a sense they are steady influx from the Roman self-contained. The world crisis communicant membership of the Catholic Church. and other international happen- United Church; no form of wor- ings do not affect them. The ship at present in use shall be truth had taken root and is bear- forbidden, and no new forms or ing fruit, like a pine tree on a Sunday Schools in Bulgaria mountainside with its unseen changes of accustomed form roots deep in the soil between shall be introduced into the wor- The Bulgarians are decidedly the rocks. ship of any congregation without a religious people. Hence a -Congregationalist. the consent of minister and con- church is found in .every village. Children's Books in Russia gregation. While no definite de- A large majority of the 5,766,000 cision was reached, there was a inhabitants belong to the East- Russia has become a leader in general feeling of approval of ern Orthodox Church. Moham- the production of books for chil- the idea of closer union among medanism claims some 600,000 dren. The Soviet program pro- the various branches of the' adherents largely comprising the Christian Church. motes education, and is banish- Turks, while the Roman Catho- ing illiteracy from Russia faster -Moravian Missions. lic Church has a following of than it is being banished in the 34,000. The Protestant Chris- U. S. A. At Leningrad a group What Retrenchment Means tian faith, brought to Bulgaria of some twenty specialists are Everywhere missionaries at seventy years ago, has been ac- engaged in writing about their the front are calling for help to cepted by over six thousand Bul- specialties for children, and in maintain the work committed togarians. Until a few years ago coaching other writers. The them. For example the Presiit was very difficult to organize dent of the American University group includes a sailor, a nat- at Cairo writes: Sunday schools. Isolated groups uralist, a fireman, an architect, were formed, but there was no a diver, a surveyor, a textile We have reduced our budget to the· connecting link. The World's lowest possible terms. One-third of Sunday S c h 0 0 I Association worker and two former "bezpri- the American staff has been released. sought a way to promote unifica- zornie," or homeless children. Five classes in the College Department. tion of this work, and now has a Emphasis is placed upon instruc- have been abolished. The budget has fully trained Bulgarian minister tive books which are expected to been cut from $133,000 to $80,000. Friends know the worth of the work who devotes full time to youth acquaint the child with the de- we have been carrying on at that most work. He gives his services tails of his world, industrial and strategic of all centers in the Moslem equally to all churches, organizes agricultural, domestic and social. world-Cairo. Thirty-five thousand Children's books are issued in dollars still remains to be raised benew Sunday schools wherever fore the close of the present financial opportunity offers, conducts editions of 50,000, 100,000, or year (June 15, 1934). 150,000, and they are always teacher training classes, ar- sold at a low price-at five, ten If you believe in the American Uniranges conferences, produces versity and the work which its staff is literature, and in every way pos- or twenty cents, as a rule. doing, let us know by taking some· Apostles of peace, temperance share. sible develops Christian teaching and training of youth. and social justice might pursue -Wm. Bancroft Hill.

the same methods with equal Shepherd Preacher skill and zeal. Dr. John Timothy Stone of -Christian Advocate. Chicago says: Mr. Kayiayian, t r a vel i n g I was impressed by the breadth and evangelist for the scattered AFRICA scope of the work, the far vision as to Armenians in Greece, comes in Steps Toward Union the future, and the constructive methcontact with many Turkish- ods used. After all, no short sighted speaking Greek refugees. While The needs of heathendom and vision or no quick m~thod can result in the strength of nonChristian re- a permanent influence on the risingon a three months' trip in Mace- generation of Islam. They must see

our faith as well as have it taught to Hurlbut of the Means School sion. Several years later, lying them, and I rejoice in not only the pur- writes: upon his death bed at Nzawi stapose but the method in meeting this tion, his last recorded words in difficult problem an dworking it out We were talking today with an his diary read, "Here am I, Lord, elder who is the leader in a Christian use me in life or in death." constructively. village, where many of the men work in railroad shops. He said that they The early chapters of this sta- Need for Books had school morning, noon and night. tion· are filled with deaths and The women came in the morning, the disasters. At one time there was Dr. K. Walter Todd who has children in the afternoon, and the men only one man left, in the midst recently visited the Ivory Coast at night after they had finished their of famine and disease; and not investigating the possibility of day's work. We said, "But it is plant- at any time have there been ing time. How can the women go to more than a few groups of praymedical work writes of the mar- school in the morning?" ing friends and individuals who were interested in it, yet today ket for books: He said, "Well it's this way. One the A. 1. M. is operating in five of the women gets up before daylight strategically located fields in African culture, except in the north, and rings the bell. Then the teacher East and Central Africa, includdid not develop writing. This was not and the other women get up, and they ing Tanganyika, Kenya. Congo for lack of ability, nor for lack of in- take with them the few lanterns they BeIge, Uganda and French Equaterest in the kind of things that are can find, and go to school until 8. torial Africa. In all. there are put into print. Africans had some- Then they go to the fields." about fifty main stations, with thing in its place, a system of drum- approximately 200 missionaries. ming by which not only current af- -Missionary Herald. Primary schools are largely for fairS; storm warnings and music could the purpose of teaching the nabe broadcast; but also poetry, history Her Thank Offering tive to read the Word of God; and religious exercises. Lack of in- and the training schools turn out tercourse with races using a written The Congo Mission News tells pastors and evangelists. language, not lack of brains or inven- the story of a widow whose hustive ability, prevented them from de- band left her neither an insur- -Inland Africa. -veloping a script. We do not find ance policy nor stocks and African people educated like many bonds; there are none such in WESTERN ASIA priests in Asia to read whatever may Congo-land. Her only means of be printed, but many are intelligent support is a tiny field five miles Missions to Jews in Palestine enough to learn to read in a very short distant, which she has to till time. with a hoe, as there are no plows In the Jewish Dail1/ Bulletin in this country. She gets up with for November 19th, we read of The increasing number of good the first tinge of light in the "the danger of Christian misroads is an asset to the book salesman. east, makes ready to go to that sionary activity in Palestine … tiny field, her hoe in her basket The situation calls for immediate -The Presbyterian. and her basket on her head, but action if the future of Jewish she does not cross the threshold education in Palestine is to be Kikuyu Women until she has had a word with saved." the Master; and then as she Rev. J. Comely, C. M. S. work- journeys on her way, she stops AccordinQ" to the report sub- ·er in Embu, sees need for a bal- at the little church and joins in mitted bv Miss Szold. American :ance wheel in education. He says the morning prayer service, then Hadassah leader on behalf of the that the key to real progress lies away to work until well past Palestine N:ltional Council, 800 midday. She cannot read, yet .Tewish children are attendingwith the women, and until they she is a faithful auxiliary mem- Christian schools, which are allearn to read they are at great ber. Not content with giving most all conducted by missiondisadvantage. her talent, she keeps up her aries. where various methods are weekly pledge to the church. Re- adopted to attract Jewish chil- At present the Kikuyu women in centlya little bundle of bills was dren. including free tuition, general are not fit helpmates for the found in the collection plate with clothin~ and even gifts. On the a tiny scrawl on a soiled bit of other hand. the Jewish schools, men. Education, which races ahead of paper, and no one would have with twenty-five thousand pu- known who made this gift had pils. are not only unable to offer experience, leads the men to add new not someone else written for her, attradions. bllt do not have even and he remembered it later. suitable school premises. burdens to their women folk. They A. I. M. in Ten Decades The number of Jewish girls want the gardens cultivated as of old who attend the Christian schools N ear I y forty years have is far larger than that of Jewish and also an increased amount of com- passed since the first group of boys for many reli~ious Jews are fort in the home; as a result the wom- eight workers for the Africa In- willing to send their daug-hters land Mission landed at Mombasa, to girls' schools conducted by en are discouraged; they have less East Africa. The leader of the missionaries. rather than to the party was Peter Cameron Scott, coeducational Jewish schools. chance than ever; open ruptures take to whom belongs the honor of founding the Africa Inland Misplace and the men are discredited in their own eyes and in those of their neighbors. The women must be able to rise to self-respect, and the Gospel has ever been the raiser of women.

But Kikuyu women are the victims of -their system; they are generally "slow in the uptake," and they need patient, persevering, prayerful effort to bring them on in the knowledge of the Scriptures. -c. M. S. Outlook.

What Price Education?

Christian converts of Dondi, West Africa are living up to their proverb, Ka ci vala, ka ci nganyala (If it doesn't hurt it 'isn't worth while). Miss Mary

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information C. T. Studd, Cricketeer and Pioneer, In 1910 he started on what his called at college, was weak in By Norman P. Grubb. 8 vo. 256 biographer calls "the greatest bodily presence but a giant in pages. 3s. 6d. Religious Tract So- venture of all," in establishing a things of the spirit. The Pres- ciety. London. 1933. new mission in the heart of Af- byterian Church in Nova Scotia, rica. For twenty-one years, with with but 30 congregations and The jacket of this book cor- the devotion of a saint, apostle 5000 members had the glorious and martyr, he gave himself in distinction of being the first rectly describes it as the "Story faith and love and utter dedica- Church in a British Dominion tion to this work separated, with responsible for sending a misof 'C. T.,' the famous cricketer, the exception of but brief visits, sionary to the heathen. In the from his wife at home in Eng- Church in Aneityum, erected by one of the best all round players land. Christianized savages, a tablet to Geddie's memory bears the that the game has produced, who The principle of his life was now famous tribute: to give away all that he had and renounced wealth and position to trust God to provide whateve-r When he landed in 1848 to answer the Call, facing a life he needed for himself and his There were no Christians here, of hardship and danger with family and his work. There will When he left in 1872 courage, self denial and endur- be different views as to his the- There were no heathen. ance, first of all in China and ology and his economics but then in the very heart of Africa, there can be none as to his cour- Graphic stories are told of the pioneering for God." age, his single-mindedness, his great home missionaries wh() consuming love for Christ and blazed the trail in Western Can- Charles Studd was one of the passion for souls. ada: John Black, the prairie pithree sons of a retired Indian oneer to the Selkirk Settlement planter who was converted un- ROBERT E. SPEER. in the Red River; James Nesbit, der D. L. Moody's preaching in the first herald to the Redman; England in 1877. One of the They Went Forth. By John McNab, James McGregor, the religious sons, a devoted Christian, is now 210 pp. Paper $1.00, cloth $1.50. coureur de bois of Nova Scotia, Sir Kyneston Studd, recently McClelland & Stewart, Ltd. Toron- who organized the first Bible So- Lord Mayor of London. Another to. 1933. ciety in Canada; James Robertsson, George, was for many years ton, that great prospector of in Christian work in Los An- This challenging and inspir- souls in the wide spaces of Westgeles. The three were in their ing book is written by the min- ern Canada. In lands beyond early years among the best crick- ister of High Park Presbyterian the sea we learn how Formosa eters in Cambridge and C. T. Church, Toronto, and is dedi- called to George Leslie Mackay; was the best all round amateur cated to the Rev. Robert James China and Manchuria to J onacricketer in Great Britain. Porter, D.D., Belfast, Ireland, who inspired twenty-one young than Goforth; Central India tv He and Stanley Smith were men in his congregation to go the leaders of the Cambridge forth as ambassadors of the John Wilkie; Labrador and lat- Band of seven men who went to Kingdom of God. It contains ten er Korea to W. J. McKenzie; China under the C. 1. M. in 1885, well written sketches of the mis- Japan to Caroline Macdonaldafter shaking the universities of sionaries of the Presbyterian that famous "prisoner reformer" Great Britain and launching one Church in Canada. The daring and the greatest missionary of the greatest Christian move- of these heroes and heroines put stateswoman of her generation ments among students in the his- iron into the blood through the -lovingly named by the Japatory of the Christian Church. It mere reading of them and should nese "The White Angel of Towas this influence which led to thrill everyone, irrespective of kio." The stories of these truly Prof. Drummond's work among country, creed or color, who is heroic group of adventurous amstudents both in Great Britain interested in the extension of the bassadors for Christ are calcuand in America. After ten years Kingdom of Christ and the bet- lated to give young people a new in China Studd returned to Eng- terment of humanity. missionary zeal and respect for land in 1894. In 1896-7 he the Church and country which worked among the colleges and The hero of the South Seas, can produce such heroes and universities in the United States "Little John Geddie" as he was and then in 1900 went to South heroines. MAMIE C. G. FRASER. South India where for six years he was pastor of the Union Church at Oatacomund.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

205]

Light Out of Darkness. By Eleanor want to know this book well. folk will also be awarded by Ingle Pilson. Compiled by Sarah C. There are catchy verses for the Peet. 88 pp. Revell. New York. little tots like reading a worth-while story that gives an inside view of some 1933. Our baby boy is sweet and fat, phases of Chinese life, with On his head is a gold embroidered hat, glimpses of Confucian philos- As a young woman Miss Pil- A gold neck chain with a golden charm ophy, methods of child training son had been longing and reach- And a silver bracelet around his arm. and economic conditions. The ing out for something that would better types of peasants and al'- give her a reason for things that There are alluring bits of tisans are presented, without are, but she had not recognized hominess and conundrums of ev- close-ups of the more sordid Christ as her own personal Sav- eryday items-can you guess? classes. The story is charmingly iour, until as a reporter at the told and is a good antedote to meetings of the Y. W. C. A. held A small, white room, and a dull red some other recent novels of Chiin Asheville, in 1905, she ac- screen, nese character and life. Miss cepted Him. Her poems and Lewis does not mention Chriswritings show that she gave her- And wrapped inside a small white tianity or missions but she shows self wholly as "a living sacri- bean. (Peanut!) the courage, and sacrificial servfice." ice, the friendliness and influ~ There are also flashes of un- ence of medical missionaries in She says in one of her poems, derstanding human nature like Chunking. the rhyme entitled "The Loaf- At last I give to Thee mine all, er" : Doran's Ministel's Manual for 1934. My loves and hopes and fears. Compiled and edited by G. B. F. He wears his hat on the side of his Hallock. 684 pp. $2.00. Harpers. In September, 1905, she en- head, New York, 1933. tered Moody Bible Institute, where her keen mind with its And stares with a lordly look; wit and humor was a delight. He swaggers along with an insolent She avoided over-expression in tread And an empty pocketbook. spiritual things, but an individ- At sun up he enters the restaurant, uality peculiarly her own drew people to her. She felt the need And heartily eats his fill, The busy minister will find of And when he is through he doesn't practical help these sermon outof the foreign field, and in 1907 lines, various types of prayers, applied to the China Inland Mis- stay long, quotable poems, seed thoughts sion. In September of that year And he never pays his bill. for sermons, choice illustrations, Sunday-school I e s son helps, she sailed for China. Her work One is tempted to copy the Christian Endeavor Soc i e t y was in the cities and villages of whole book for it speaks to us of topics, and sermons for children. the deep experience of living, The manual is a storehouse of Honan, where there were no res- tinged with tragedy, rippling very valuable, inspiring and reident workers or Gospel halls. with humor, that has come out freshing suggestions and ma- of the orient. Dr. Headland's terials but like all manuals, it is Her article written in 1923, own insight into the elements of a snare to any whO have not "China-a Study in Arrested life and his gift of expression learned the difference between make him an ideal compiler of use and abuse. Development," shows how inade- such a collection. Surely these quate any religion must be that randum quotations have whetted R. C. WILLIAMSON. does not have an offering for sin. your appetite for more so that "Through faith in the atoning you are like sacrifice of Christ, and only by The beetle who said he had not had Juliette Derriootte. By Marion Culthat means, can any society be bert. 12 mo. 55 pp. 50 cents. his fill quickened by the vital force of And he wanted more, he was hungry still. The Woman's Press. New York, God's kingdom." "Social serv- . MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY. 1933. ice, then, which is not Christian Until I read this amazingly service can only repeat the fail- Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. By revealing but all too short biogure of ·Confucianism in China." Elizabeth Forman Lewis. Illus- raphy I only knew about Juliette "To burn for Him without be- trated. 8 vo. 264 pages. $2.50. Derricotte. It mad e me so ing consumed, to live for Him John C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. eager to know more that I read ardently,yet exquisitely poised i1932. the story of her life at one sit- amongst the relations of life." A boy's life in West China in ting, absorbed to the exclusion the midst of bandits, soldiers, of all else. As I read, the past MRS. H. E. CHANDLER. communists, boatmen, trades- and the future of a whole race Chinese Rhyme,s for Children. By men, scholars, artisans – who seemed bound up in the life of Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 would not find such a story fas- this one talented Southern girl. pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. 1933. cinating? It has been awal!ded I rejoiced in her successes as she Another of Dr. Headland's the John Newberry Medal for went from college to college and charming books! For the delight "the most distinguished contri- across the waters. Her sense of of your children and for the bution to American literature for separation hurt me as it must sheer pleasure of entering inti- children." But it is even better have' hurt her, her courageous mately i n t 0 the humorous, adapted to adolescents than to buoyancy stirred me deeply, and friendly, understanding family children-the high school age more than ever her cause became life of the orient, you will surely will find it captivating. Mature my own.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The story is so beautifully light and power for his own life procession, and all come out vicwritten that the starkness of the and present-day problems. Many torious. The volume begins tragedy with which it closes all sentences may well be stored in with the Nestorian Christians, too suddenly is somewhat re- the memory and quoted, like the their origin and missionary eflieved in the telling. That one following: forts in Central Asia until the so gifted in leadership should be remnant of a nation, discovered cut off through an accident is to There are no short cuts in Bible by Layard, was almost annibe lamented. The tragedy lies study. The treasures of God's Word hilated in the world war and its in the fact that had it not been are revealed to those who will pay the aftermath. for race prejudice, which closed price in patient, careful study. the doors of a near-by hospital, Then follow stories of Carey, Juliette might have lived. For *** the shoemaker missionary in Inmy friend, for all her gifts, was, dia, of Patteson in the South in the hour of her extremity, Peace stands for harmony of life Seas, of the men of the Hayonly a Negro girl. I have not . . . No man can harmonize his life stack, and of the sailing of the in a long time read anything so with God and himself without at the Morning Star to the Sandwich well calculated to unite heart and same time adjusting his life to his fel- Islands. The introduction and mind in a rebellion against race lowmen. the list of juvenile missionary prejudice and the assumption of books suitable for further reada false superiority, although Have I given* my*sel*f to God in the ing are admirably suited for very little is said on the subject. class study in Sunday schools. "Juliette Derricotte" is a sig- same spirit of real surrender that nificant contribution to the lit- Christ showed when He gave Himself S. M. ZWEMER. erature of race appreciation. on the Cross for me? The Christian Experience of Life. S. FRANKLIN MACK. *** By J. Harry 'Cotton, Ph.D., D.D~ 160 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Educational Yearbook of the Inter- Paul's spiritual triumph (in the Co. New York. 1933. national Institute of Teachers' Col- seeming disaster of his imprisonment) Iege, for 1932. 497 pp. Bureau of restored the morale to a persecuted The pastor of the Broad Street Publications, Teachers' College, church. Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Columbia University. 1933. Ohio, was invited to give the lec- The Facts of Faith. By W. Graham tures in 1931-1932 on the Joseph This 9th yearbook surveys Scroggie. 12 mo. 191 pp. 2s. 6d. Cook Foundation "for the dethe relation of the State and Re- Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow. 1933. fense of Christianity in the ligious Education in the coun- Orient." They were delivered tries of the world. It shows a Dr. Scroggie is a well known in Syria, India, Siam, the Philipvast amount of investigation conservative Christian Bible pines, China, Korea and Japan, and teachers or friends of Re- teacher. His series of helpful before audiences of non-Chrisligious Education will find it a Gospel studies include· addresses tian students and university useful compendium. It is a on such topics as The Gospel, graduates, together with groups storehouse of information for The Christian; The Adequacy of national Christian workers any who wish to make a com- of Christ; What Is God Like? and missionaries. The eight parative study of education in Vital Godliness; Conquest by chapters discuss "The Nature of its religious aspects. The chap- Suffering. They are safe and Human Experience," "The Faith ters on the different countries sound and well presented-espe- Indispensable," "The Experience are written by those who are re- cially for young Christians. of God," "Jesus Christ As Lord," puted to be the best informed "The Cross of Christ," "Jesus educators in the various nations, Boys and Girls in China and Japan. and Mod ern Democracy," or who have had long contacts Illus. 8 vo. Is. The Highway Press, "Jesus the Liberator," and "The with natives of those lands. London. 1933. Christian Experience of Life." Dr. Cotton says that it was a JAMES F. RIGGS. These stories for primary revelation to see the readiness children give interesting glimns- and reverence with which the Helps to the Study of Philippians. es of Chinese children in the Oriental students received the By W. Wilson Cash. Paper. 89 pp. city and on the farm; Japanese lecture on the Cross. At the Is. Church Missionary Society. child life in the school and at close of the lecture in Madras, London. 1933. home. They are well written and the .Hindu chairman, a professor illustrated for those who are of philosophy in a Hindu uni- This excellent series of twen- just beginning to take an inter- versity, made this amazing ty-five brief studies in the Epis- est in other boys and girls. statement to the Hindu auditle of Paul to the Philippians ence: "We have been seeking is not an exhaustive or critical Go! Champions of Light. By Fran- for a fuller revelation of God. commentary but is illuminating, ces Jenkins Olcott. 226 pp. $1.75. We have expected that revelation definite, practical, spiritual. Any Revell. New York. in terms of overwhelming majone who follows them will not esty. We were not prepared for only get an insight into the mes- Here we have an attractive the revelation which came in the sage of God through the apostle series of stories by one of estabbut will find here spiritual food, lished reputation and who knows the mind of youth. Each of the four parts of the book is based on missionary history and biography and has clever illus- trations. The "Champions of Light" go through perils of waters, of robbers, of cannibals, of loneliness and death, a long

face of One, who for the sins of foundation principles of His by a staff of scientific experts the world was ready to bear the Kingdom. shame of the Cross." working in behalf of the Field Professor Taylor presents the This book presents the evan- principles clearly in their rela- Museum of Chicago. The vol- ·gelical Christian faith clearly, tion to industry and he gives an courteously and persuasively. It abundance of facts which should ume is an interesting narrative is an excellent one to put into the be taken into consideration in hands of young people in Amer- the adjustment of labor difficul- of travel in a little known region ica as well as in Asia. The clos- ties. Wage conditions are pering paragraph illustrates its fine plexing and agreement between of the world, and it is well illusspirit: capital, labor and consumer is difficult but adjustments must trated with pictures taken by We have been thinking together be made with a view to justice the expedition's staff photog- these days about the Christian ex- and the promotion of human perience of life. By now we see that welfare. The greatest difficul- raphers. A. J. B. this experience must center in Jesus ties are due to selfishness on the Christ. For He has made clear the one hand and to shiftlessness Every Day Tales from China. Illus. character and purpose of the Father and waste on the other. 8 vo. 60 pp. 1s. Church Missionso that men could never forget what ary Society, London. 1933. He said about God. He showed us the The place of women and chilfull meaning of the life of love, a life dren in industry shows great Nine tales from six authors that is at once our despair and our need for improvement – with make up this attractive little hope. He brought us the glorious tid- 55,000 in textile industries most- volume for juniors. They tell of ings of reconciliation with God. He ly in the Southern States at civil war and bandits, of school holds out hope for ultimate triumph wages from $5. to $10. a week. and home and rescue work. They over sin and evil. Through Him we It is not a modern problem for reveal adventure and heroism have hope in the life to come and so 100 years ago cotton mills in and Christian faith. The illusfind our present life transfigured with England employed 84,000 chil- trations are colored and characa radiant meaning. "This is life eter- dren under 18 years of age. teristically Chinese. nal (life abundant), that they should This employment of women and know Thee the only true God, and children is one of the causes of Heroes of the Cross. Four Series. Him whom thou didst send, even J e- unemployment of men-the natsus Christ." ARTHUR J. BROWN. ural wage earners for families. No. 1. David Livingstone, Robert Many executives are largely Moffat, Apolo and the Pig- ,Christianity and Industry in America. over paid while manual workers mies. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. 212 are underpaid. pp. Reading list and Index. $1.00 No.2. Pandita Ram a b a i, Mary cloth, and 60 cents paper. Friend- For the solution of the prob- Slessor, Rasalama. ship Press. New York. 1988. lems Dr. Taylor recommends an awakening of the public con- No.3. William C. Burns, Gilmour Here is a mission study book science, a recognition of the of Mongolia; Hudson Tayby the Professor of Social Ethics rights of both labor and capital, lor. in Vanderbilt University, Nash- closer cooperation in place of ville, Tennessee. He is well conflict, arbitration in place of No.4. John Williams, James Chalknown and highly respected as retaliation and the promotion of mers, Charles Abel of a student of ethical and indus- a well informed and true Chris- Kwato. Illustrated. trial problems, is a clear thinker tian spirit of honesty, justice and writer. He recognizes the and brotherhood. 12 mo. !s. each. Marshall Mordifference between the simple gan and Scott. London. 1933. industrial life of the first cen- T:hree Kingdoms of Indo-China. By tury and the complex problems Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theo- These short missionary biogof our machine age. Jesus did dore Roosevelt. 881 pp. $8.00. raphies for children and young not offer a detailed program for Crowell. New York. people tell stories of adventure the solution of the modern prob- in Africa, China and the South lems of slavery, prostitution, While this is not a book on Seas. The heroes and heroine's boo tie g gin g, intemperance, foreign missions, it is a book are all well known to adults and graft, racketeering, capital and about a great missionary field should be familiar to the coming labor problems and internation- and gives information about the generation. There is no special al strife. Jesus Christ presented scenery, climate, fauna, flora charm in the literary style but the truth and the Way of Life and people. Mr. Coolidge is as- the stories are worth reading for which, if accepted and lived, will sistant curator of animals in they describe the pioneering of transfer 0 u r relationships to the Museum of Comparative noble men and women in dark God and to our fellow men. The Zoology of Harvard University, corners of the earth. Though kingdom-or Gpd-ruled life- and Mr. Roosevelt was formerly some of the narratives are writwhich He presented, He also Governor-General of the Philip- ten in the first person the names made possible by a divine dy- pine Islands, and has a reputa- of the writers are not given. namic. Pur i t y, self-control, tion as a traveler and big game The low price of the books and truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for hunter. They were accompanied their colored pictures make them the benefit of others, are the attractive for gifts.

"In our Mothers' Club we tried to better understand the little child and his religion. The plea of the teacher had been, to let the children learn of God and to love Him in a natural way, through acts of kindness and thanksgiving in their daily liv- ing. During the day we were all so conscious of His love and nearness to us."

you use The New Why and How of Women's Radio Talks on Religion-God

'Missionary Unions. Wilma Geneva the World Through Christian Eyes. PRINTING Bucy. 118 pp. 35 cents. S. S. Edited by Leonard Hodgson. 182 Board, Southern Baptist Conven- pp. $1.75. Morehouse Pub. Co. YOU will profit from an ac- tion. Nashville. Milwaukee. quaintanceship with us. We do the job complete in our own Out of the West. Rufus Rockwell A Study of the New Church and the plant. whether it be large or Wilson. 452 pp. $3.75. Press of New Germany. Chas. S. MacFar- small. the Pioneer. New York. land. 209 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New York. While our specialty is Books. An Oriental View of American Civili- Magazines and Pamphlets. vet zation. ' No-Yong Park. 128 pp. Whither Latin America. Frank Tan- we have a variety of modern $1.50. Hale, Cushman & Flint. nenbaum. $2. Crowell. New York. equipment to meet all the re- Boston and New York. quirements of your particular W orId Tides in the Far East. Basil job. You wiII find our service The Struggle for South Africa. 1875- Mathews. 182 pp. $1. Friendship prompt, careful and courteous. 1899. Reginald Ivan Lovell. $4. Press. New York.

Will you allow us to estimate The Bible Family Magazine for More Than Twenty Years on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with PASTORS, Sunday School Teachers, and Bible Students say they our product, price and service. cannot afford to be without it. Contributors for 1934 include outstanding preachers dnd writers of America. Every issue contains: The EVANGELICAL PRESS STRIKING EDITORIALS AND ARTICLES OF VITAL INTEREST Princ.,. 0/ JUNIOR KING'S BUSINESS TI,,' Mi"ionary Review af 'he World NOTES ON CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR P,. PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON HELPS Thhd and R.lly Sb..h H."bbur,.

New Book. One of the leading features is the International Sunday School Les- son Commentary. Many say they cannot teach without it. It pro- The Abyssinian at Home. C. H. vides for each lesson a simple and comprehensive outline and valudble Walker. 220 pp. $3. Macmillan. New York. exposition by Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, a uSdble blackbodrd lesson, a Golden A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Text illustration, and a children's division. An additional feature Frank Alexander Ross and Louise has just been added.

, Venable Kennedy. 251 pp. $5. AN OBJECT LESSON FOR EACH WEEK Columbia University Press. New York. Ely ELMER L. WILDER Civilization of the Old Northwest. This easy-to-use material will insure attentive auditors in the Sunday Beverley W. Bond, Jr. 543 pp. School, junior church, Daily Vacation Bible School, summer camp $3.50. Macmillan. New York. or wherever boys and girls are gathered for religious instruction.

The Church Looks Ahead. Edited by Money Saving Chas. O. Schofield. 400 pp. $3. Combination Offer Macmillan. New York. The King's Business, . $1.50 (Save $1.25) Education of American Ministers. Wm. Adams Brown, Mark May, F. The Missionary Review of the World, 2.50 $2.75 K. Shuttleworth and others. Four volumes. Vol. 1. Ministerial Edu- (Twelve Numbers of Each) $4.00 For the Two cation in America; Vol. II. The Profession of the Ministry; Vol. NOTE: Each magazine will be mdiled to subscribers direct from its III. The Institutions That Train; own ofBce of publicdtion. Vol. IV. Appendices. $3.50 each; $12 a set. Institute of Social and PostdgV. ,'X[rd to Cdhadd dnd foreign countries—75 cents. Religious Research. New York Make Remittances Payable and Addre5s Orders to Harun Al Rashid. H. St. John Philby. 160 pp. 58. Peter Davies, Ltd. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW of the WORLD THE KING'S BUSINESS Edinburgh. Third .nd Reily Stre.ts 558 South Hope Str••t In the Cauldron of Russia 1869-1933. H.rrisburg, P•• Los Angele., C.lif. I. S. Prokhanoff. $1.50. 270 pp. An~Russian Evangelical Union. New York.

The Kings Highway. C H. Spurgeon. 125 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

Mexico: A Study of Two Americas. Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $1. Mac- millan. New York.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER: The Finality of Jesus Christ ……………. , ……. , ………. Samuel M. Zwemer The Outlook for Islam in Turkey …………………………… Henry E. Allen Slavery in Arabia ……………………………………. Garrett E. De Jong Muhammad', Visions ……………………………….. . ….. Richard Bell Mormonism end Islam …………………………………….. Hans Thimme The Development of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ……………. L. E. Browne AI Azhar through Chinese Spectacles …………………… , " George K. Harris Khalifa or Khaliqa ………… , ……… . ……………….. N.bih Amin Faris Current Topics …… Book Reviews…… Survey 01 Periodlca's SUBSCRIBE TODAY » « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 fifth Avenue Naw York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combindtion with the: REVIEW, $3.50 (Foreign postdge for Review, SOc. extr~) a,..' MARSHALL. MORGAN a SCOTT. tI PlIllIIIoliar Bulldlnll. LondOll Plleeln Brll'lIlI, Elshl Shllllna., 1111 Look for Our Special Numbers This year THE REVIEW plans two special numbers dealing with the study topics for 1934-5.

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following; Who Are the OrientaJs in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate Glimpses of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Payne Oriental Views of American Life-Various Orientals OrientaJ Students in United States-Chas. D. Hurrey How Can We Undentand Orientals ?~-Chas. R. Shepherd Some Christian Orientals in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The Influence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christiana-H. W. Myers Japan•••A Problem or a Challenge-Chas. W. Iglehart Present·Day Religion in Japan-A. K. Reischauer A Japanese View of Christian Missions-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the-Youth of Japaa-W. C. Lamott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cents a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1933

1933

THE What I Saw in Poland Conrad Hoffman The Christian Wizard of India Delavan L. Pierson When Pastors Discuss Missions Hugh Vernon White Arguments by Moorish Moslems James Haldane Pioneering on the Madagascar Uplands A. M. Chirgwin Evangelizing a Million Korean Homes – William Newton Blair

Chat THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD This number of the REVIEW is espe- If the Service DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor cially rich and varied. There are calls you East articles on Morocco, and the people of VUL, LVl NO.6 of Suez … sail the Sahara Desert; on India and PAGE Korea and Japan; on Poland and the Jews; on Home Missions and Mis- Frontispiece – A Missionary sion Problems; on Madagascar and Journey to the Garden of the Philippines. Allah ……………… 282 Topics of the Times ……. 283 These writers tell the stories of missionary heroes and missionary COD- Godless Propaganda verts; of pioneering and adventure; Turmoil and Trouble in Cuba of needs and difficulties and progress. Present Movement in Germany Touring America for Foreign *** Jlissl0ns You can't afford to neglect this rich A New Center in Jerusalem feast. Invite your pastor, your friends Arguments by Moorish Mosand others to share in it. Send a subscription to some missionary on lems ……………… 287 the frontier. Such a gift will be like By James Haldane. cold water to a thirsty soul. The Christian Wizard of In- *** THE ROUTE PREFERRED dia ………………. 290 Our next issue of the REVIEW will SINCE 18401 By Delavan L. Pierson. be a double number, covering two Cross to England, Gibraltar or months–July and August. This is for Pioneering on the Madagas- Marseilles and embark in a great the purpose of saving expense and be- ship of this Line that tradition- car Uplands ………… 294 ally and for nearly a century has cause many readers are absent frotn carried the vanguard of the Church hotne during the sutntner. It will also By A. ),1. Chirgwin. eastward to aU the lands heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of transatlanbe a special nutnber dealing with the ,What I Saw in Poland ….. 298 tic size and comfort, stand for the home tnission phase of the study topic Progress of the West in scores of "Christ and the Modern World." By Conrad Hoffman. tropic ports and teeming harbours of the Indian Ocean and the Our last July-August issue sold out Evangelizing a Million Ko- Pacific. Natives measure time by . rean Homes ………… 300 their swift and sure arrival. Low soon after it was issued and had to be rates and the present favourable By 'Villianl Newton Blair. exchange make the voyage an reprinted. That edition was also sold exceptional value. out and the demand still continues. Defeat or Victory in India .. 303 Do not make a tnistake this year. By J. F. Edwards. Articles promised deal with Socialism and Christ; the Church and Modern When Pastors Discuss Mis- Youth; Christ and the Foreign Born; sions •………….. '.. 305 the Unemployed; Christ and the By Hugh Vernon White and Mountaineers; Migrant Workers; Cleland B. MeAt'"e. Christ and the City Slums; the Busi- Learning New Lessons in ness Man and the Wage Earners; Christ in Atnerican Colleges. Missions …………… 307 *** By Kenneth Scott Latourette. Later we plan to publish the ad- The Missionary of the Future 309 dresses by Dr. E. Stanley Jones, Dr. By Ernest E. Tuck. Sam Higginbottom and others, deliv- Shall We Appraise Home Misered during the United Missionary sions? …………….. 311 campaigns recently concluded. They By .Jay S. Stowell. have awakened very wide and deep Good Will and Good News .. 313 interest. **• . By Jacob Peltz. Do you know what others are say- In the Garden of Allah … , 315 ing? ReTe are quotations from a few By Dugald Campbell. recent le tters : Some Problems in the Philip- "The REVIEW is improving potti in pines ……………… 319 its material and in its arrangement. We believe it has an increasing value By George William Wright. with its message and its emphasis for these days."-Secretary of the Mission Noble Jo of Kobe ………. 321 Board of the Church of the Brethren. A remarkable story of what a *** Japanese Christian woman Regular sailings to India, 18 ,doing for her Japanese Australia, Egypt, Sudan, Persi~n "The REVIEW is a wonderful, in- Gulf, Burma, Ceylon, Straits forming magazine, and I could not do sjstel's. Settlements, China, Japan, East and South Africa, Mauritius, without it." Effective Ways of Working . 323 MRS. S. C. BECKETT, Rohnesburg, Australasia. Pa. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison. Complete information from *** Your Local A~nt or Women's Home Mission Bul- "DUring the past year I have found £UNARD~LINE the REVIEW of great value in my letin ……………… 326 work. I feel that I cannot get along without it during the coming year." Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

REV. ARTHUR J. ENGELBRECHT, Our World-Wide Outlook … 328 Breese, Ill. Our Missionary Bookshelf .. 341 – – -..- – —~———-.—- *** GENERAL AGENTS Publication and Business Offtce Look at the "Dates to Remember" Third ann Reily Sts., Harrisburg. Pa. 25 Broadway New York column (page 281). This will be a good summer to attend some mis- Editorial and Executive Office sionary conference or Summer School 15ij Fifth Avenue, New York City of Missions. Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of :>Iarch 3. 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights re- served. Copyrighted 1933 by the lUSSTOKARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President W~r. L CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, 'Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SA"t;EL :v!CCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. WPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFEII A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

to Remember A

DENOMINATIONAL ANNUAL FINANCIAL MEETINGS PLAN June 11-17 – Church. Co~ference of …is what hundreds of satisfied Social Work, DetroIt, MICh. persons consider the annuity agreements of the American June 8-13-Gencral Synod of the Re- Bible Society. Here is what formed Church in America, Grand Mrs. S. S. of California writes: Rapids, Mich. "The check I receive from you is June 19-22-General Eldership of the much appreciated these days. Money Churches of God in North America, is a scarce article with me but I can Hagerstown, Md. always depend on Jun.e 26-July 2-75th Anniversary of my check from the formation of the United Pres- the American byterian Church of North America, Bible Society." Pittsburgh, Pa. Read the enthu, June 27-30-Evangelical Women's Un- siastic testimony of ion, Evangelical Synod of North Mr. O.W. of North Carolina: America, Buffalo, N. Y. "I am grateful that our American Bible Society annu- June 28-General Assembly of the ities afford us some security in these trying times." United Presbyterian Church, Pitts- burgh, Pa. Advancing years need not be feared when you know that this Society, PASTORS' CONFERENCES indispensable to the missionary en, June 19-24- Institute for Town and terprise, and of unquestioned fi, Country Ministers, Y. M. C. A. nancial stability, is behind this College, Springfield, Mass. – Prof. annuity A. Z. Mann. That Gives June 26-July 7 – Rural Leadership School, Madison, Wis., University You of Wisconsin-Prof. J. H. Kolb. the assurance of a dependable income June 26-August 7 – Auburn Summer as long as you live. An easy-to,read booklet School of Theology, Auburn, N. Y. tells you all about it-the rates you receive- -Prof. H. L. Reed. how you help in making the Scriptures widely available around the earth-how a friend orrelative July 3-20-School for Town and may be included – how this annuity agreement Country Ministers, East Lansing, gives you a Mich., Michigan State College- Prof. Eben Mumford. Double Satisfaction July 11-21-Summer School for Rural ~I·~IIl't ,—————-1 Pastors, Brookings, S. D., South II I Dakota State College-Prof. W. F. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Kumlien. Bibl" House, Astor Place, New York City .

July I7-28-Summer School for Town I I Please send me, without obhgatlon, your booklet No. M. R.6, entitled and Country Ministers, Ithaca, N. I "A G,ft That LIves." Y., Cornell University – Prof. ;O~VTi ::~,==~-:=_-_D::'~:m~~m i Dwight Sanderson.

July 25-August 4-Virginia Summer School for Rural Ministers, Blacks- burg, Va., Virginia Polytechnic In- stitute-Prof. B. L. Hummell.

July 31-August 4-Rural Welfare Conference, Ontario Ladies' Col- lege, Whitby, Ont.-Rev. Manson Doyle, 523 Wesley Bldg., Toronto.

August l-ll-Summer School for Ministers and Christian Workers, Hollister, Mo.-Rev. C. E. Van Del' Maaten, 724 Grand Ave., Spring- field, Mo.

MISCELLANEOUS June I-Nov. I-World's Fair, Chicago, Ill.

June 20-21-National Council of Fed- erated Church Women, Chicago, Ill.

June 24-September 4-Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick, N. J.

July 5-7 – Association of Worn e n Preachers, Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-13 – International Christian Endeavor Convention. Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-28 – Eighth Seminar in Mex- ico under the auspices of the Com- mittee on Cultural Relations with Latin America.

[281]

by Nash THE WALLED CITY OF AGOURMI, NEAR SIWA TOWN AND

DUGALD CAMPBELVS CAMP AS HE WAS LEAVING TRIPOLI TO CROSS THE DESERT A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE GARDEN OF ALLAH (See page 315)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1933 Topics of the Times GODLESS PROPAGANDA fostered by the failure of those of us who are A~heis~ is nothing new; neither is immorality; professed believers in God to reveal His character nor IS bhndness. Since the beginning some men and power in our own lives. have denied God's existence, have ignored His laws and have rebelled against His right to rule. The The widespread godless propaganda is made re~sons are m3;ny-ignorance, misguidance, prej- clear. in a.paper, Dema,in*, issued by a group of udIce, false phIlosophy and science, and the put- RUSSIans In France. While atheism was introting of other things in the place of God. But the duced into Asia with western materialistic science greatest hindrances to a knowledge and accept- and "free thought," it has been actively promoted ance of God are ignorance and wilful rebellion. by Bolshevist propaganda. The International Few men. are ath~ists ~t heart, though they may Proletarian Freethinkers, at their meeting in Moshave demed God s eXIstence, have ignored His cow in 1931, stated they had not yet succeeded in laws. Even those who claim to be atheists often developing antireligious activity in such counshow their fear that He may be a reality. This i8 tries as India, China and Africa. Their most true in Russia. It is scarcely reasonable to waste active propaganda is among the youth and malso much ammunition on a Being who is nonexist- contents in so-called Christian lands and in backent: Russi~n Soviet leaders are not only bending ward countries like Mongolia. Demain reports theIr energIes to put through a Five Year Eco- that in America, Australia and Asia, where nomic program, they are also promoting an anti- branches of the International Proletarian Free- God program, not only to ostracize but to abolish thinkers have been organized, the propaganda is carried on along the following lines: God. . The most powerful weapon is the printed page. Atheis- The propaganda does not stop with Russia but hc books are translated and original publications are produced in the native languages. The influence of atheextends to all lands where atheistic communism isti.c ideas in indigenous literature is a significant fact is active. The Soviet leaders are not only igno- WhICh can hardly be overestimated. rant of God, as He is revealed in Christ and the An important role is also played by the pro-communistic Scriptures, but they are conscious that His laws of righteousness and love are opposed to their and antireligious films. Some are well done from the materialistic, loveless, autocratic program. Their resthetic point of view, but are calculated to stir up antireligious feeling and anarchy. At least twenty such films a;e now being shown in all parts of the world.

only chance for success is in "the abolition of SpeCIal propagandists are trained jn Moscow to carry God." It cannot be done, any more than the sun on communistic and antireligious propaganda in various can be blotted out by shutting one's eyes, by a. lands.. !his propaganda has a special influence upon peocampaign to promote blindness, or by establishing ples hvmg near the frontiers of Soviet Russia such as Turkey, India, Persia, Afghanistan, China and japan.

a home in a dark cave. ~h: use of Esperanto and of the Latin alphabet in The sad and damaging fact about the atheistic ~sIatIc languages has enabled the Soviet Government to propaganda is its influence on the young and un- mtroduce the natives of Asiatic Russia to books full of educated. In America, Europe, and other lands, atheistic ideas. the godless and degrading literature that is being widely distributed in the form of tracts and fic- The struggles of the past have been between tion is having its evil effect on the youth. This revealed religion and superstition, between Chris- tianity and ethnic religions, between spiritual propaganda unfortunately finds more ready ac- .* 'rhe Social and Economic News Bulletin of the International cept ance in the present economic distress and is CMlIaSmSIaOrnt,arIysseCyo-uInasc-iMl oguivleensietahuex,aPdadrriess.s of Demain as 132 Ave. de [283]

ideals and materialism. The coming conflict is third of a century. Its size is that of Pennsylvania between Christ and anti-Christ, or godless com- but it has only one-half the population of that munism. The anti-God propaganda can be suc- state. Who can estimate the amount of trouble cessfully counteracted by the Gospel of Christ- and suffering it represents? made known, not only by the spoken and printed word, but translated into character, life and serv- Roman Catholic missions had free course in ice. Men can withstand theoretical arguments, Cuba for four hundred years; Protestant work however logical, but they cannot withstand visible has been carried on quietly since the island was evidence of truth or the power and the love of God set free from Spanish control. Today some thiras revealed in Christ and in sacrificial service for teen societies are at work with about eighty forman. Russia is now reaping the fruits of dead eign workers and a large number of Cuban pasfaith without works; mission lands show the fruit tors and teachers. The principal missions are of living faith in Christ, manifested by works of those conducted by the Methodist Church (South), love. the Presbyterian Church (North), the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Northern and Southern TURMOIL AND TROUBLE IN CUBA Baptists and the Society of Friends.

Many are anxiously hoping for the restoration The visible results of the work have not been of confidence and harmony in Cuba. There are large, but there are some 220 organized churches reasons to expect better things of the Island Re- with approximately 15,000 communicants and as public but as the years go by the causes for unrest many more adherents. Most of the islanders are seem to be no nearer a solution. The situation is nominally Roman Catholic, but the economic, edudeplorable. Extreme financial depression has dis- cational and moral standards are low. It is time couraged all business; foreign as well as national for Christians to pray for Cuba, for the Christians investors are making a desperate effort to hold on there, for the missionaries, and for the new amuntil a change comes; political leaders are deter- bassador, Mr. Sumner Wells, that a way out of mined to give no ground to their opponents, hop- the present turmoil may be discovered and foling that the other side will become exhausted. lowed. Mysterious forces make life itself unsafe; scarcely a week passes without some public violence, by THE PRESENT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY assassination or bombing. Many have been alarmed about the state of re- Education has had a serious set-back. For three ligion in Germany since the last revolution and years the University of Havana has been closed have feared that the Church at home, as well as and the high schools of the six provinces have not her missions in foreign lands, would be seriously been open for nearly that time. This has added affected. The reports concerning persecution of to the state of unrest and unemployment and fore- Jews and the abolition of the Old Testament in bodes an even more serious condition for the fu- favor of nationalistic German traditional heroes ture. If Cuba is to have a generation grow to and ideals, have revealed a purpose to promote a manhood and womanhood without high school and Teutonic civilization. No government, however college training much of the progress of the past popular, can make much headway with such a three decades will be lost. Whence can the Re- program. public expect to obtain its future teachers, scientists and educated leaders? When the market The Hitler government went into effect in a makes possible a recuperation of economic pros- Protestant church after a solemn service. The perity and when better political conditions restore dramatic moment came when the aged Hindenpublic confidence, the leaders that should now be burg grasped the hand of the young chancellor and in school will be unprepared for their task. It is Hitler in a solemn address, gave honor to God and a desperate situation and, so far as an onlooker pledged his emphatic support to the maintenance can see, one that is unnecessary. of Christianity.

The Christian Church has not been actively in- A number of Protestant bishops, the venerable volved in the disturbances but the Christians are Lutheran Bishop Ihmels in the lead, have publicly suffering and it is almost impossible to carryon. indicated their allegiance to the new Germany It is easy to visualize the pain and anxiety that and have pledged their full cooperation in the haunt the lives of thousands who long to live a work of cleansing, uplifting and liberating the quiet inconspicuous life, to have the opportunity people. It has become evident that the Protestants to work in peace, and to worship with their fam- will not consent to any attempt to splice together ilies, without the constant dread of disturbance, heterogeneous religious bodies. They desire the destruction and death by violence. peace of the church and stand for the moral and religious renewal of the nation. Emphasis is Cuba, which was for four centuries under Span- placed upon honesty, purety and cleanness. ish control, has been a republic for about one- The Christian leaders stress the great responsi-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

bility resting upon the Church to be the pure burg, where they secured the State Farm Show Church of Christ, not a state church, but with un- Building, thirty-five hundred people came.

diminished powers to proclaim the Gospel of God. "Seems like the good old days. I never saw the Only in this sense is the Church to be regarded as building packed like that," was the comment some- the servant of the State. The excrescences of the times overheard. Another said, "If we could only former period are to be avoided–such as a pagan have a meeting like this every week there would Germanism, attacks upon the Old Testament, on be a revival in this place." Many of the audiences missions and religion and morality. They state were made up of picked groups of official boards among other things, "Have we Christians not re- or delegates chosen as leaders to represent many ceived the commission from our Lord in Heaven congregations. Interdenominational dinners and to preach the Gospel to all nations, including the luncheons were well attended, at times with five German nation?" hundred men or women present.

A notable manifesto by Dr. Zoellner, General One of the finest fruits of these Foreign Mis- Superintendent, directed to the Lutherans of sion meetings was that they coordinated the mis- Germany, contains the following points: First, sionary work of many denominations through the the necessity of creating a new constitution for hearty and united efforts of the interdenomina- the government of the Church which shall not re- tional committees, councils of churches and min- flect the prevailing governmental form, as did the isterial associations. In one small city it was former attempts, which aimed at a democratiza- said: "This is the finest thing that has ever struck tion of the church. "We need bishops at the head our town."

and no church parliaments!" Second, the unifica- The campaign showed the results of careful tion of the Church. "The confessional basis of planning by the secretaries of the Foreign Mis- the several Protestant churches is not to be sions Conference and by the local committees.

touched. The entire work of the Church must be The enthusiastic cooperation was a rewarding ex- done, starting with its own confession. The chan- perience. One chairman remarked that the whole cellor has declared that the Church must be free central portion of the state had been moved and for its work for the nation." each church had agreed to have a missionary The most important statement in this document speaker or a missionary sermon by the pastor.

is the following: "The really essential task of the The main speakers of the team were well fitted Church, one which must be worked out anew in to interest American Christians.

every age, is, to bear witness in the world of sin In many of the larger meetings there has been and death, to the message of the cross of Christ a very natural blending of the missionary appeal and the certainty of the resurrection from the with a definite call to personal consecration to dead. Thus the Church stands with its commis- Christ, to prayer and to whole-hearted devotion to sion in the midst of the nation, as the front of His service. The great crowds who have heard God against death. That is its service to crea- these messages and the intelligent interest mani- tion." C. THEODORE BENZE. fested prove that the churches are eager to learn of the progress of Christ's work across the seas TOURING AMERICA FOR FOREIGN and to face the challenging implications of the MISSIONS Christian life as they ponder anew the "eternal "Good for a 'scare head,' " was a young woman values in a bewildered world." A. 1. NASMITH.

reporter's estimate of the news value of one of the A NEW CENTER IN JERUSALEM women's meetings of the United Missionary Cam- paign. The platform and the floor along the Palestine, one of the smallest countries on the aisles, as well as every available seat, was crowded globe, ·is religiously one of the most important.

to hear Miss Carol Chen of China and Dr. E. Its location, at the juncture of Asia and Africa Stanley Jones of India. Other equally popular and next door to Europe, has made it a great meetings were addressed by Dr. Sam Higgin- battleground of history and the cradle of religion.

bottom of Allahabad. Jews, Moslems and Christians of every type hold This series of foreign mission conferences, con- it sacred and struggle for its control. Pilgrims ducted in sixteen communities (April 19 to May from many lands now journey thither to visit its 24), is the first extensive interdenominational sacred shrines. According to Biblical prophecies, series undertaken for many years and they have the future of this land is to be even more impor- been remarkably successful. Crowds have been tant than the past. Jerusalem, the ancient "City gathered in every city and in some cases hundreds of Peace," is the home of the ancient Jewish have been turned away. Local communities have temple, the medieval Moslem mosque of Omar and expressed regret that they had not had the cour- the later Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Today age to rent larger convention halls. In Harris- it is the seat of a larger modern Jewish Univer-

sity, and the center of many Christian missions. per of Honolulu. Altogether it is reported that It is also the site of one of the largest and best over $1,000,000 has been put into the equipment equipped and most modern Young Men's Chris- and endowment. tian Associations in the world. The building was dedicated at Easter time, the fiftieth anniversary The Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. was organized fiftyof the incorporation of the Y. M. C. A. of the five years ago and for ten years was conducted United States and Canada. The dedicatory ad- in the small bookshop of the Church Missionary dress, given by Field Marshall Viscount Allenby, Society. The magnificent new building, in Byzanwas broadcasted from Jerusalem so as to be heard tine architecture, is located east of Jerusalem, on around the world. A picturesque gathering of Julian's Way, facing the city. The corner stone over 2,000 people assembled for the dedication, (laid July 23, 1928) carries the inscription: dressed in clothing that included the formal eccle- "These buildings are given to the glory of God siastical robes of the Eastern Orthodox clergy, the and in remembrance of His only begotten Son." gowns of Jewish Rabbis, the garb of Palestinian On the facade of the central building are three peasants and the formal dress of European offi- inscriptions-one in Hebrew: "The Lord our cials. Among those who took part in the cere- God is one Lord" (Deut. 6: 4); one in Arabic: monies were Dr. John R. Mott of New York, the "There is no God but God" (Koran); and one in Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, a Jewish rabbi, an Aramaic: "I am the Way" (John 14: 6) . From Arab Protestant clergyman and the Patriarch of the "Jesus Tower" can be seen the sites of Bethlethe Greek Church. hem and Temple of Solomon, the Mount of Olives and Calvary and the garden tomb. This is sig- This new building will welcome into its halls, nificant for this Christian center, in the most classrooms, restaurant, gymnasium and swimming sacred spot on earth, may well be devoted to the pool both young men and young women of all practical expression of the teachings of the Son races and faiths. The building was made pos- of God who was born into this world as the Savsible by a gift from the late James N. Jarvie of iour, who, within sight of this building, lived and Montclair, New Jersey; the carillon, which is the taught in the streets and Temple; who healed the finest in Asia, was donated by a niece of Mr. sick and cast out demons; who gave His life a Jarvie; the four thousand pipe organ was given ransom for many on Calvary; and who rose again from the dead to bring life and immortality to by the Juilliard Musical Foundation; and the li- light. The Y. M. C. A. in Jerusalem should embrary, which is largely devoted to the Life of phasize the whole Gospel. Christ, was made possible by Miss Margaret Hop- THE NEW Y. M. C. A. AT JERUSALEM

by Moorish

I-<!£f By JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco IT.!e– W HEN, for half an hour, I had been speak- This attitude towards sin opens the road for an ing to a group of Moslems in Morocco, endless march of evil, and reveals depths of cor- suddenly a young man broke through the ruption almost inconceivable to those who have circle, stood before me, shook his garments vigor- not encountered it at close quarters.

ously and said: When I said to a notary on one occasion that "Our religion, like our garments, is wide, roomy it ought to be clear to him that the bribe he took and free from any uncomfortable tightness." in his left hand must make void the praise and Laying his hands on my shoulders he continued: worship he was offering to God through the use "Your message sets forth a religion which re- of the rosary in his right hand, he quietly re- sembles the suit you wear, it grips anq cramps marked that the reverse was the truth, and that and imprisons the body." the rosary removed all blemish from the bribe.

Another of the group, ready to support his co- Moslems do not see any inconsistency between a religionist, added: sordid life and a rigid adherence to religious cere- "The list of sins you lay to our charge is not mony. This is particularly well exemplified by exaggerated; we plead guilty. But God can wipe the following incident.

out our sins as easily as a boy removes an error I was sitting on the beach reading a book. Some from his slate by a touch of saliva." fifty yards distant was a bundle of clothes belong- The attitude of these men is supported by the whole trend of Koranic teaching. While their sacred book thunders heavily against sin in its various forms, the climax is usually reached by the assertion that Allah is merciful and the door of repentance is near.

When I read the Koran, or observe those whose lives are moulded by its teaching, there comes to my mind the picture of a mother who puts clean garments on her child, and after having threat- ened it with awful punishment if it goes splash- ing in the mud, finishes her threats by saying: "Of course, there is always soap and hot water in the bathroom."

When Moslems claim that there is an exalted doctrine of righteousness in the Koran, we can only say, after twenty years' experience among this people, that this doctrine and others of a RIVAL BOOKS: BIBLE AND KORAN more nebulous nature are not taken seriously so as to exert a practical influence on life. ing to a man who was fishing from the shore. An There is only one sin which seems to have a Arab who was passing, who thought I was dangerous significance-the sin of unbelief. The too engrossed in my reading to notice anything charge of being an unbeliever is brought against else, lifted the best garment from the bundle and all who refuse to accept the Koran as the final made off with it. To avoid creating suspicion he revelation of God. The consequences of all other did not quicken his pace, and before he had gone sins have been discretely whittled down so as to far I managed to signal to the fisherman who, by give scope for the indulgence of those cravings my gestures, was quick to read the situation.

which are wrapped up in the human frame. When the thief was caught there was a great Sin, to the Moslem, is not a problem, it is a uproar which attracted a native policeman to the propensity which, though admittedly curving scene and the man was arrested. Finding himself away from the straight line, does not to any in- on the way to prison the thief requested the police- convenient extent interfere with direction. man to allow him a little time to perform ablutions [287]

and say his prayers, on the ground that there without encountering anything more than a feeble would be little convenience for such an exercise resistance. within prison walls. A man may divorce his wife for any other rea- The policeman, fisherman and myself sat on the son than that she is thirty and he desires a young sand waiting for this law-breaker to finish his girl of seventeen. No effort is made to predict prayers. I said to the policeman: whether or not such a union will become an en- cumbrance; neither common-sense nor calcula- "This is hypocrisy and you should not allow it." tion are of any service since our passions, even when they tend to tyrannize over others, must be "If a man breaks the law in the street," he re- allowed to run their course, since we have no plied, "and on his way to prison asks to stop at a more power to arrest their march than we have to certain street that he may pay a shop-keeper a turn a river at its mouth and send back its waters debt he owes, you would not call that hypocrisy to feed the springs at its source. would you? Who am I to say to this thief, 'you have broken the law and therefore I will not allow There are multitudes of illustrations and metayou to pay your debt to God?' " phors used by Moors that reveal this creed of fa- talism. I often come to grips with Moslems over this inconsistency that mars their lives. But discus- It is the direction of the wind that determines the sion is either cut short, or brought to a climax course of the clouds, not the fool in the street who after a long debate by a saying attributed to one blows at them with a pair of bellows. of the mystic saints: Fresh supplies from the source keep scum from be- Fate is the wind, we are the smoke; coming stench. Its power upon us is absolute.

In elucidating this saying the Moors remind us If we argue, as I have often done, that the logithat they as believers may indulge freely in nights cal conclusion of a creed like this should lead us to of sin with the assurance that morning prayers abolish all punishment, for crime being deterwill enable them to make contact with those puri- mined cannot be avoided, nor can punishment befying influences that flow daily from Mohamme- come a deterrent to its future development, the dan springs. answer is that the inconsistency which appears in the punishment is decreed in the same way as the In justice to the saint to whom the saying is at- action that leads up to it. This is the vicious tributed one must say that his admirers have al- circle with a vengeance. lowed a too liberal interpretation to his message; but nonetheless it has always been true of Mos- A people held in the grip of such a creed is not lems that the point in their religion which they easily attracted to a Gospel that calls upon us to have stressed has been its divine origin, while its grapple with our sins and sacrifice our all to win influence in purifying the daily life, has conspicu- eternal life. ously failed. Much praise has been lavished upon the liberal- God's Decrees as an Alibi ity of the Arabs, especially in its relation to alms- giving. But when we dip beneath the surface and This attitude towards wrong-doing finds its examine the motive that prompts the exercise of main support in the doctrine of fatalism embraced this apparent virtue its shallowness is quickly reby all Moslems. Mohammed's rule in regard to vealed. There are two sayings in use among epidemics is: themselves which lay bare this motive.

"If plague breaks out in a country go not to that "Sudaka tiedifaa, baa wa ilbila." (Almsgiving country, and if thou art there, depart not from it." staves off evil.) It is related that when Moses rebuked Adam On his way to a lawsuit a man gives away his for having lost Paradise to the race through his coins somewhat freely to the beggars he meets on trespass, he replied: "Dost thou blame me for his way. The beggars know only too well that that which was decreed concerning me before I these men have little sympathy with their poverty, was created ?" but they trap them with the cry, "May God save you from a fruitless lawsuit." In some mysterious They believe that a soul may have the highest way these coins are supposed to turn the balance intentions to seek righteousness, but is unable to in one's favor, and of course they do not stay to achieve its aim because of some decree of God consider how the balance can be made to move in that is in opposition to that attainment. The ac- favor of both parties to the lawsuit. ceptance of this doctrine by people who are lazy or vicious-as Emerson reminds us-gives them A year ago a well-known beggar was knocked a peg upon which to hang the responsibility for down by a car here in Mazagan and killed. He all their evil actions. All barriers of discipline rarely spoke, seemed to wear out his clothes withare broken down and evil passions move forward out washing them, slept in all weathers in a corner

ARGUMENTS BY MOORISH MOSLEMS

of the street and was always slavering. His ap- But is is difficult to get Moors to face their inpearance was repulsive. When the news of his consistency. These facts were brushed aside by death went round the town, immediately there another member of my audience who asserted was rivalry among the notabilities to defray the that in any case no one could get into hea.ven expenses of an elaborate burial. It was the larg- without first becoming a Moslem. est funeral I have ever seen in Morocco. I replied that I could not imagine God in heaven The man was credited with power to make con- entering into fellowship with millions of men tact with the unseen world, and such an one pass- whose chief delight and occupation was with ing over to the other side might be in a position black-eyed virgins so that I was compelled to treat to distribute blessings or deal out blows to his the Prophet's description of heaven as a piece of fellows left behind. The reason for this scramble indecent fancy. to provide funeral expenses, as also the long procession, is obvious, for there is no record of such Students who have studied in the French liberality towards poor widows. schools are the only Moors found ready to ac- knowledge that the language used in the Koran to It is a thing of common occurrence in Morocco describe heaven is figurative. They all insist upon to find, in traps laid to snare animals, a piece of its acceptance in a literal sense. After all this is skin, an ear or part of a leg that has been wrenched off by the animal in a desperate struggle to escape. The saying has thus come into circulation: "Men, like animals, will surrender a part to save the bulk."

Moslem Contributions to Progress AF TER THE BIBLE CLASS- F OR AN D AGAINST THE MESSAGE Moslem lands remained stagnant for centuries a natural climax to a religion that found its chief until European powers brought to bear upon them impetus to proselytize in promises of enlarged inthe combined force of their wealth, industry and dulgence after death to faithful warriors who control. might be cut off from their share of battle spoil which included the women taken captive. I have frequently asked my hearers for an explanation of this fact. They soon find one and in Mohammed evidently knew .that his recruits substance it is nearly always the same. My latest 'were not of the kind to be swayed by words that experience called forth the following reply. were nothing more than symbols. Something more tangible was required to arouse the enthusi- "What you say about Moslem backwardness is asm and courage necessary to achieve his aim. true but it does not humi1iate us, for your argument loses much of its force when you take into Whether we test Mohammedanism by its consideration our view of this world. What is earthly activities or its heavenly prospects, the this world? A dirty garment which we cast off defect is the same, namely, the lack of moral after wearing it for a time. Who can get up any and spiritual standards that approach to the naenthusiasm over the patching of an old garment?" ture of God.

On another occasion one of my hearers, who was Let the Christian missionary proceed with the evidently piqued by my reference to the backward- proclamation of his Message of Christ, which is ness of Moslem lands, said: "The chief occupa- so vastly superior to that of Islam. tion of vultures is to gorge themselves with the decaying bodies of donkeys, dogs and camels which die in the open fields. You Europeans spend Sunday strutting about in your best clothes, and bowing to one another. On that day you resemble the sparrow,and for the rest of the week you struggle with each other like vultures seeking for the largest share of a decaying world."

I reminded this gentleman that when Mohammed sent forth his followers to conquer the nations he promised them the possession and enjoyment of spoils which spoil consisted of the very things which he was not condemning Europeans for accumulating. I also drew the attention to the fact that if Europeans cleared out of their country tomorrow there would immediately be a scramble among Moslems for a share of the goods left behind.

Christian "Wizard of India"*

Sir William Wanless of Mira; and His Million Patients -·~l ;1 ; ; P; ; IE; ; R; ; S; ; O; ; N= = ~I ~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

"THE Story of the Impossible" is the title ap- that obtained in his three-year course in New plied to the growth of the medical mission York University. When he arrived at Sangli he at Miraj, western India. It is more re- found neither hospital nor dispensary. But the markable than the legendary tales of cities built news of a coming doctor had spread and he soon in a single night by the magic of an enchanter's found a line of patients begging for treatment.

wand. "I consider the hospital at Miraj my most The new missionary had been warned not to begin profitable investment," said the late John H. Con- practice until after he had spent two years in lan- verse, then president of the Baltimore Locomo- guage stUdy-lest the demands of his early pro- tive Works. He had put some $20,000 into the fessional practice should hinder his preparation enterprise which grew to have a mere money for later usefulness. "What to do?" as the In- value of over $250,000. But that is the least part dians say. He had come to India as a missionary, of the .:returns on the investment, for in forty and needed a command of the language in order years it ministered to the bodies and souls of to give the people the Gospel in their own tongue.

more than a million and a quarter patients. But he had come to do medical work and here it In 1889 a young medical student applied to the was-some of the patients needing immediate re- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for ap- lief. Should he turn them away saying, "We pointment to China. Later he volunteered for have not bread"; or was the Master saying: India. The Board did not at first accept his ap- "You need not send them away…. Give yethem plication and rather discouraged the young man. to eat…. Bring them hither to me." This was There were two reasons for this hesitation-he the voice that the young doctor heard and obeyed. had not had a college education and therefore Promptly sending to Bombay for more supplies, might not fit in well with the requirements for a he used what he had, doling out the meager sup- missionary to people of an ancient civilization; ply of medicines to those most urgently needing again, the funds of the Board did not seem /Suf- attention. But there was no surgery, "operating theater," or equipment, such as some modern apficient to warrant the appointment.

But William J. Wanless was not easily discour- praisers deem so essential to an acceptable mediaged. He consulted his friend, Robert Wilder, cal mission. A small schoolroom (8 x 12 feet) Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement, was turned into a dispensary, the courtyard outand was advised to try to interest some church side was the waiting room for patients and their in undertaking his support. The Presbyterian numerous friends, and Dr. Wanless' small private church of Bryn Mawr, Pa., where John H. Con- bathroom (7 x 8 feet), without a window, became verse was an elder, invited Wanless to speak on the operating theater. Later he secured better, a Sunday morning and the pastor, Dr. William larger quarters in a "glorified chicken coop," with Miller, and his congregation, were so impressed mud walls and mud floor. For months it had been the stamping ground for donkeys. The pawith the young v.olunteer's earnestness and abil- tients slept on mats on the floor, with only such ity that they then and there pledged his support. bedding as they could provide-for the mission- The church had been giving $100 a year to mis- ary had no money for beds or blankets. There sions through the Foreign Board; this was im- were no trained nurses or orderlies; no sterimediately increased to over $2,000 a year and in lizer, x-ray or other modern apparatus. Dr. Wanthe next ten years that church gave over $40,000 less spent his mornings from eight to twelve in to the work. seeing patients and his afternoons and evenings When William Wanless and his bride sailed for in language study. The first year he treated seven India in October, 1889, he was a young man of thousand patients, and in spite of what would twenty-four, whose only medical experience was seem to be very unsanitary conditions and many • See the recent autobiography of Dr. Wanless. entitled "An emergency operative cases, not one surgical death American Doctor at Work in India," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., $1.50. occurred during those trying days.

[290] After two years the mission station was moved lished surgeons in America perform in a month.

to Miraj, a town of 29,000 inhabitants. The Not only is this work self-supporting but most missionaries lived in a traveler's bungalow and of the land, buildings, and equipment have been rented a corner shop in the bazaar for medical given by Indians or have been paid for from the work; it had been a cigarette factory. A com- hospital income-and 75% of the work is done modious room in the rear was used for a waiting free.

room and here they conducted each morning a Think of what the Presbyterian Church, the Gospel service. Dr. Wanless was a skilled phy- people of India, and the Kingdom of God would sician and surgeon, always ready to help suffer- have missed if Dr. Wanless had been rejected as ing humanity and never slighting this phase of his work, but he was first of all a missionary of Christ to sin-sick souls and was ever eager to bear witness to His Lord.

The young missionary's fame soon spread like wildfire. Patients broadcasted the remarkable story of the foreign doctor who cured them of painful and dangerous diseases, while his gentle- ness, his sympathy and his cheering words had given them new courage. Most unbelievable of all, this care and skill were given without charge to those who could not afford to pay. Dr. Wan- less never sought for money and lived a life of self-denying service. The Indians could not un- derstand it. A poor man, Ram Chandra Gark- wad, who had been blind for five years, heard, in his village 300 miles away from Miraj, a blind beggar tell of his recovery of sight through the wonderful doctor who treated poor people with- out charging any fee. Ram Chandra Garkwad went to Miraj and was operated on for cataract.

When the bandage was removed he exclaimed, "I see the ceiling! I see the bed! I see your face! May you live long and have much merit, oh meritorious one!"

"Listen," said Dr. Wanless, "and I will tell you of the One who is the Great Physician, who sent me here to heal the sick, and cure the blind. He it is who is the Light of the world. You need to see this Jesus who heals soul sickness, and who forgives sins and gives life. Believe on Him and follow Him if you would know the secret of WILLIAM Jo WANLESS strength and peace."

In forty years this work at Miraj has grown to a missionary candidate because, forsooth, he had be the largest, most famous and most successful not had a college education, or because the fi- medical mission institution in India. It has now nances of the Board were low. No doubt if Dr.

over fifty buildings, including a medical school, Wanless had settled in America he might have a nurses' training school, a hospital with some had an income of from fifty thousand to a hun- 200 beds, well equipped operating theaters, two dred thousand dollars a year, and yet he lived for leper asylums, a tuberculosis sanitarium, six forty years on a modest missionary salary, turn- branch hospitals, two convalescent homes and a ing all his fees into the work. "Sir," said a Brah- number of residences. Here Dr. Wanless himself man whom Dr. Speer met in a railway carriage had under his care over a million patients-as traveling to Bombay, "I have just come from many people as live in the whole State of Colo- Miraj. I have watched those doctors and it is rado. Here he has restored sight to over 12,000 beyond my understanding that such men, who blind. In one year 70,000 patients were treated might have amassed wealth anywhere, do that in Miraj and 7,000 operations were performed. work for nothing but love and their own bare Dr. Wanless came in contact with a great variety support."

of cases and often performed a larger number of Dr. Wanless' worth was widely recognized. He major operations in a day than many well estab- was several times offered a large salaOry if he

would take charge of the state hospital in Koh- The Christian influence of the doctor was widetapur. The Indian Government recognized hiH spread and was manifested in many directions. services by presenting him with a silver, and later The Maharajah of Kolhapur, who had been a pawith a gold Kaiser-i-Hind medal, and in 1928 tient in the hospital after a severe wound suffered King George made him a Knight Bachelor of the in a hunt, became a devoted friend of Dr. Wan- British Empire. less. In 1919 he issued a r evolutionary order in his realm that showed the result of Christian This Great Heart of western India, who has teaching and example. It read, as literally transbeen called "one of the greatest missionaries of lated: Be informed that at all public buildings, chanty, rest houses, state houses, public government inns, river watering places, public well, etc., no defilement on account of any human being is to be taken into account. Just as in Christian public buildings and as Doctors Wanless and Vail in the American Mission trea t all with the same love, so also here they are to be treated as not esteeming any "unclean."

DR. W ANLESS' FIRlST HOSPITAL D I I NDIA In another address the Maharajah said that he was "trying to make the depressed class feel that modern times," was born near Toronto, Ontario, they were human beings and not beasts. The on May 1, 1865, and died in Glendale, California, selfless work of Dr. Wanless and Dr. Vail is beon March 3, 1933. Impaired health-a slight stroke fore the eyes of the people and has its influence -necessitated his retirement from active service on them. They treat al1 alike-the rich and the in 1928, after thirty-nine years of faithful Christ- poor, the high and the low." like ministry as an Apostle of Healing. He became one of the best loved foreigners in India. The spiritual character and fruits of the work Miraj became a place of pilgrimage and patients are also shown by the fact that when Dr. Wanless heard of his fame and came to him, not only from began his work in Miraj in 1892, there was not all parts of India but from Afghanistan, Bagh- one known Christian in the city. Now, through dad, Africa and even from Europe. In one year the work and words of the growing staff, there is the average distance traveled by patients was a strong, self-supporting Christian Church and over 270 miles. Poor, ignorant Indians, who Christian schools. The greatest single influence naturally feared to trust themselves to a foreign has been that of the Christian physician. He was hakim, would put themselves and their loved ones a humble disciple, with a very real prayer life and entirely in Dr. Wanless' hands saying: "Sahib one who did not neglect his Bible for his medical cut us. Never mind even if we die." journal. He gave the same skillful and kindly Not only did Miraj mission hospital minister A P AR T OF THE PRESBYTE R IAN H OSPITAL AT MIRAJ healing to over a million patients but the medical schools have trained doctors and nurses who have attention to the humblest Indian as to those of gone out to all parts of India on their healing mis- the highest rank. Visitors to his operating room sion. Dr. Wanless not only imparted to them were thrilled to see him at work. "Not a wasted something of his medical and surgical knowledge word or a lost motion," said one. The whole hosand skill but they imbibed his spirit of sympathy pital has been an eloquent example of Christian and learned the secret of his life. Practically all love. of the 200 medical students have gone out as Christian doctors. When Dr. Robert E. Speer "The aim of all our work," said Dr. Wanless, visited the medical school he found that out of "is by service and message to make clear to our 45 young men students, all but three were Christians. One of these young men said: "Perhaps you wonder why we, who speak nine languages, have gathered here from all the provinces of India. Two things have brought us here-Jesus Christ and Dr. Wanless."

THE CHRISTIAN "WIZARD OF INDIA"

patients and to their friends, that Christ, as the they had no more use for them. Placing these on Great Physician to sin-sick souls, is the real the ground, with profound salaams, the father Founder of the institution that helps their physi- pleaded: "Won't you send a teacher to our vilcal needs." lage. We are very ignorant and wish to be taught more of what we learned at the hospital. We One operative case recalled by Dr. Wanless il- have been in trouble. My son's wife died and we lustrates not only the dire need for medical and wished to have a Christian funeral. You taught us about Christ and His way of living but not A BUSY DAY IN THE CONSULTING ROOM about funerals. We just dug a grave and then we prayed: '0 Jesus, Master, have mercy on us.' surgical help in many parts of India but shows And we used your name also. I hope it was not some of the direct and indirect results of medical wrong. We want to be Christians and have mISSIOns. One afternoon a country bullock cart brought our idols to show that we will not wordrove into the compound; a peculiar cloud seemed ship them again. Please send us a teacher." to extend from the rear of the cart and, on nearer view, this proved to be a huge swarm of When Sir William and Lady Wanless were leavfiies attracted by the foul odor from the patient's ing Miraj for America they were feted by many wound. The young man of about eighteen years friends of all classes. At one of these farewells of age was suffering from a mass gangrene of the the doctor was presented with a silver casket in leg which was literally rotten. He had injured which was an inscribed address which read in his toe and, no doctor being available in his dis- part : "You kept before you two ideals-the glory trict, the wound was bound up in a dirty rag; of the Lord whom you serve and the welfare of gangrene was the result. The father, a decrepit suffering humanity. Your name has become a old man, was driving the springless cart. After household word throughout India and in the mediremoving the foul clothing and using plenty of cal profession, a name to conj ure with; your deodorizing antiseptics, the offending member energy, medical skill and organizing power has was amputated and the young man recovered. built up this institution. India needs such doc- While convalescing he not only received good tors and such missionaries." nourishment and kind treatment but spiritual instruction in which the old father participated. Dr. Wanless' own estimate of the worthwhile- Next the doctor fashioned a pair of crutches with ness of medical missionary work is indicated in his small kit of tools and sent the two away, his farewell words spoken in 1925 when he was grateful and happy. about to return to India for his last term. He said: "As one turns his face to the field, after Some months later when Dr. Wanless was in the district where this family resided, the father OPERATI~G, WITH IKDIAN ASSISTANTS AT MIRAJ and son came to pay their respects. They had walked eight miles that morning-the boy on thirty-six years of service, the question naturally crutches, the old father bent with age-and had arises: Is it worth while? Is the work of sufbrought three gifts: a dozen eggs, a live chicken ficient importance to call one to leave home and and the family idols. This food was a gift out family? I can state that it is an unspeakable of their poverty and the idols were a sign that privilege to return to India to do the work that God gave me to do."

No church and no individual could make a better investment than in such a man as Dr. Wan- less-and thi$ is the man that, humanly speaking, was nearly prevented from going to the field be- cause of lack of a college education, and lack of funds in the mission treasury!

On the Madagascar

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England Secretary of the London Missionary Society AFTER a few hours' journey by train, I waists, or along eerie edges, where I held my Ii.. stepped into the arms of a missionary breath. In one place the mountain-side was so friend. "Come along," he said, "the serv- steep that the left-hand side of my filanjana was ice has commenced; they are waiting for your more than a foot higher than the right side, and address!" It was all rather breathless, but who I had to hang on grimly. One slip of the bearers can resist a man like that who never spares him- and I should have gone down an almost vertical self? He would not ask for a rest, and I could drop. In certain places I had to get out and was not either. So in three minutes I was in the carried pick-a-back across some swampy bit or crowded· little church and on my feet giving the through a mountain torrent where the bridge affectionate greetings of the "fathers and moth- was broken.

ers" in England, as an introduction to my ad- Along many of the mountain streams grew dress. taro which I had previously associated only with After the meeting there was a hurried Mala- the Pacific. The plant is like a giant arum lily, gasy meal, with sweet potatoes and manioc, and and has tubers, almost as big as one's head, which then we were off for Ambatolampy-a tiny vil- are used by the Malagasy for food, but rarely by lage of some twenty houses tucked away in the Europeans.

great forest belt, in the Bezanozano country. The At last we reached Ambatolampy, a tiny vil- Bezanozano were originally one of the pure Mala- lage of twenty huts and a diminutive church. For gasy tribes, but, like all others, they are now the last year or two the people had had to face intermingling a good deal. a good deal of opposition, not to say persecution.

We had some hours hard traveling by filanjana Poor, ignorant folk, many had been terrified and over the mountains, nearly all the way being were cowed and bewildered. In October, 1929, through coarse, brittle grass that whipped and they received official word sanctioning Christian cut the bearers' legs. I was told that cattle worship in the place. The little church building starve on that coarse grass. There was scarcely is only the usual reed hut, but because this one a tree all the way; just a wilderness of hills, was to be used as a House of God the people had range upon range, crowned here and there with plastered it with mud and had put in a proper a mighty granite monolith an'd a flat altar stone, door and window frames. Not long afterwards a relic of half-forgotten religious rites and other a minor official came along, accused them of cut- old, unhappy, far-off things. On every hand the ting timbers from the forest for the church, and mountains were scarred and ripped with gullies ordered them to pay the usual $95.00 for a new and ravines like blood-red gashes in human flesh. building. Though they asserted that they had not Up and up we went, by narrow winding paths, cut timber, he would not accept their word. The the men sweating and grunting as they toiled on poor folk were terrified. The sum was quite be- in the pitiless sun. The rise became a climb, and yond them, and in their fear of arrest they turned the climb a scramble, all the time at a crawling to their missionary. He took up the case and it pace. The whole panorama was a wilderness of was still under consideration.

torn and tortured marl, heaped up as though by They welcomed us with almost pathetic eager- some giant convulsion. There was no sign of ness, and the little church was soon crowded.

human habitation; it looked a magnificent deso- After we had spoken a few words about courage lation of green-clad mountains, slashed with terra and endurance and the grace of God, they thanked cotta, inhabited by nothing but solitude. Against us again and again, using picturesque Malagasy the sky-line was a saw-edge of bare and silent phrases. Their chief man said, "You have given peaks, gloomy and forbidding in the distance; us a heart of hope and we want you to assure the while a nearer ridge was dark with forest; that fathers and mothers in England that we will not was our destination. give up. We will remain loyal to our faith."

The path led through swirling mountain- These people had been worshippers for only streams, in which the bearers went down to their eighteen months and in that time they had had [294] TRAVELIlING BY FILAJANIA IN MADAGASCAR more than their share of persecution. Their spir- Before we turned in a string of people came to its had been nearly crushed; but they promised be doctored. One woman had lumbago and anto hold out. other, suffering from elephantiasis, had legs as thick and shapeless as bags of flour; one child My missionary companion, a tireless evangel- had ear-trouble; another had worms; one man ist, showed them two or three large Bible pic- had leprosy, another had smashed his hand with tures, and described these in vivid style. He had an axe. . My companion examined them in the the people enthralled, one moment laughing and dark little hut, felt their pulse, looked at their the next holding their breath in expectancy as he tongues by the light of our single candle, made told them the story of the shepherds on the hills up a few simple medicines, gave them instrucof Bethlehem. They drank in his words and made tions and, since they could not read, he made a score of involuntary ejaculations. A new star them say the instructions again and again till was beginning to swim into the ken of these they had them by heart. I watched, knowing that simple, forest folk. I have rarely seen people I was watching the Gospel in action, and was listen so intently. Grown men 1is~ned with the standing on holy ground. The authentic work of wide-eyed wonder of children. I was witnessing Christian missions still goes on, and people are that solemn aI4' wonderful thing, the birth and being gently led into the Kingdom of God in the growth of souls: heart of the Bezanozanoforest.

After the service, in the falling dusk, we went The next morning we were up at dawn, and to a little reed hut where the people brought us off through the forest, stopping at one or two a meal. There were no plates, forks or spoons, sman vi1lages en route. One' of these had a little just enamel dishes and a knife apiece; but we thatched church which was of unusual interest. were thankful. Then the people asked for another In welcoming us the chief man of the place said meeting, so we went again to the little church and that theirs was a memorial church. Years ago, by the light of a single candle, falling upon white a missionary, when he was dying, stopped his lambas and dark faces, we sang and prayed and palanquin at this village and called the folk round spoke together. Our "hotel" that night was a na- him. Struggling for words and breath he raised tive hut from which the family had turned out himself and 'spoke to them for as long as his to make room for us. A reed hut has this advan- strength remained. Then, when his powers ebbed tage, that its many holes and interstices make and his voice failed, his bearers carried him on ventilation easy! In any case we had our camp- to his home but in a day or two he was dead. beds and mosquito nets and we slept well.

The people were greatly impressed that this eager to learn. There was no missionary whom stranger should give his ebbing strength to preach he could consult, but before long he found him- Christ to them. It made the words sink in; they self building a church, and preparing some of his began to enquire further; and today they have employees for church membership. He was in their own church and pastor, and with fitting every sense a shepherd to his people. gratitude they call it "The Memorial Church." On the occasion of our visit the church was On we pressed through the dense and tangled crowded to its utmost capacity and after speakforest. Suddenly we came upon a large clear- ing to the people, we conducted the first baptising and a village of a type which I had not seen mal service that had ever taken place in the vilbefore. The houses were flimsy affairs of split- lage. Then followed a Communion Service, the bamboo and banana-leaves, raised some two or first ever held in that neighborhood. Sixteen peothree feet from the ground like American ple were received into the church in the sight of "frame" houses. The Betsimisaraka people who a hushed and wondering congregation. Seven had occupied them belonged to one of the most primi- once been members in other parts of the island tive pagan tribes in the island. The place was a and the other nine had been brought up in Chrislumber camp owned by a Hova trader who had tian homes; that, with the teaching from the obtained a concession to cut timber in the forest. "merchant-pastor," was deemed enough. They Because they are the best for such heavy work, answered the questions quite creditably and each he had brought a considerable number of men one could read the Bible. None of the Betsimifrom the Betsimisaraka tribe and settled them in saraka were admitted; for they must receive his lumber camp. Though not a church member, further instruction and remain catechumens for he had been brought up in a Christian home and some months more. gradually the conviction grew in him that it was his duty to provide for the religious needs of his It had been hard to find bread for the Compagan work-people. He felt that it would be to munion Service, for they use only rice, but they his disadvantage if they became Christians since found a few bits of broken biscuit. They drink there would then be no work on Sundays. For a only water or bitter black coffee, but they found time he hesitated but soon began to gather such somewhere an old bottle containing a little fruit as cared to come for such Christian instruction juice which, greatly diluted, was used for wine. as he was able to give. The numbers grew; his It was a primitive but a wonderful service. There teaching began to bear fruit; the people were were people taking their first trembling Christian steps in the midst of that clearing in the forest; A TYPICAL VILLAGE SCENE IN MADAGASCAR

PIONEERING ON THE MADAGASCAR UPLANDS

farther back in the church were the catechumens their evening rice. Once I took the heavy pole looking on with awe and wide-eyed wonder. Those and joined the women pounding the rice in the Betsimisaraka people are naturally a little coarse, large wooden mortar. How they laughed, and but there was a stillness that we could almost when I failed to bring the pole down precisely in feel; something like an angel's wing moved over the middle-a feat which every little girl early the hearts of all. There were moments when learns-they would probably talk and laugh about neither my companion nor I could trust ourselves it for days and weeks to come. They are like to speak. We knew that we were gazing with un- children and find endless amusement in little covered eyes upon "the many splendored thing." things. Primitive and ungroomed perhaps, but simple and lovable-of such is the kingdom. The "merchant-pastor," who had prepared him- WHERE A CHURCH HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN A MALAGASY VILLAGE self at the same time, was received into the church In the evening we were told of the arrival of side by side with his spiritual children, and that seven people who had been too far away in the little group of seeking folk advanced into the forest to get to the church in time to be baptized. kingdom together. In that clearing in the for- They had tramped for hours, and as there was est, a church was born and we went out with our no knowing when next a missionary would come hearts strangely warmed for the Lord had been that way, they urged that we should baptize them known to us in the breaking of the bread. that night. So in a native hut, by the light of a single flickering flame, we put the water of bap- We wandered round the little village and chat- tism on them. Then we went to the hut in which ted with the friendly people, who laugh light- we were to sleep, talked about the day's doings, heartedly and long at even the smallest thing. We prayed together, and the day of wonder ended, went into their little one-roomed huts and watched but the work continues to bear fruit. them weaving grass mats on the floor or cooking Under Christ's leadership we have come to think of the salvation of society as well as of individuals. If Christ means enough to us we can make Him mean enough to others. If He means enough to a sufficient number of men and women in North America, the entire life of our nation can be changed and the problems that seem too overwhelming can be solved. Such is the faith of missionary workers. Do those who cannot do much proclaiming of the Gospel, live so that the message that their lives proclaim will count in"bringing about the transformation of the world?

I Saw in

A Recent Letter, Written from Berlin By DR. CONRAD HOFFMAN, JR.

Director of Jewish Work, International Missionary Council POLAND is an armed camp. Fear stalks the na, Lwow (Lemberg) and Lodz. A westerner land for Poland is between two evils-Bolshe- cannot imagine the conditions without seeing vism on the east, revengeful Germany on the them. The slums of London and the tenements west. In trains, on the streets, everywhere, the of New York offer no comparison. One mother military is in prominence; and sooner or later with six children, the oldest probably twelve, ofthe power in that military force will demand ac- fered us all of them if only we would take them tion. Virile men will not play indefinitely at war; out of her sight; she could no longer bear the they will demand the real thing. sight of their hungry faces and starving bodies. The family was living in one room-no water, One is aware of a new spirit in the land which no toilets-more like a dilapidated barn than a was not present two years ago. A sense of being rather than becoming exists. human habitation. An 0 the r Pride rather than bravado pre- widow with five children all in vails. Reasoned conviction has Why does fear stalk the one room had sublet part of land in Poland? Here is a replaced the wild exultation that room to an old Jewish and reckless enthusiasm of a graphic picture of conditions couple, to help secure the rent.

few years back. The Poles have in one European country The old man sat on a bench, in settled down to real work; where militarism prevails and a stupor, no work, weak from they are no longer like children hunger.

celebrating a victory. where anti-Semitism flour- Another mother remarked . Anti-Semitism-of which the ishes. Is the situation hope- she loved to go to the Christian Jewish press is full-is largely less? Read what a keen mission center for there she confined to the university cen- Christian observer has to say found friendly faces and clean ters; from these it occasion- of his recent experiences. environment, beautiful songs ally bubbles over to the general What is the hope for Europe? and sunshine; she could for public. Third-class travel by the time being forget the trag- night reveals the absence of edy and sordidness and hope- anti-Jewish discrimination among the travellers lessness of her life. On Friday eve, it was who represent the common people. Orthodox Jews pathetic to see the futile attempts of the more crowd the coaches with their non-Jewish neigh- orthodox to clean up in preparation for the sab- bors, helping each other with their big bundles bath. In a basement room the woman had and baggage of merchandise. scrubbed the floors, -a good many boards of The clericals-certain members of the Catholic which had rotted away exposing the dirt-gunny Church and largely the clergy itself-are behind sack mats were strewn around, a linen sheet- much of the university anti-Semitism; the stu- grayish with dirt-on the table. Her life was a dents being used as pawns to force the Govern- battle against filth and dirt. She complained that ment to do the clericals' bidding. The clergy the kehillah (Jewish Relief) had given them no objected to the recent civil marriage laws and wood this winter and laughed about her children's demanded their suspension. The Government re- delight over their camp visit last summer. Talk fused. The clericals retaliated by fomenting anti- about heroism! We in America complain if we Semitism. The Government replied by withdraw- do not have hot running water at all hours of ing autonomy and extraterritorial rights from the the day, or do not have fresh butter and several universities. The stUdents struck in opposition changes of clothes. It would seem like sacrilege to this action. The Government closed the univer- to talk to these people about the love of God un- sities. And so on, as though it were a game of tag. less one had profoundest conviction and assur- The poor Jews are the scapegoats. They are ance of that love. The miracle is that hope is poor, horribly so. Never have I seen such inde- still alive here. They do believe in God and hope scribable misery as among the poor Jews of Wil- for a better tiine for Israel.

[298]

WHAT I SAW IN POLAND

And then the synagogues! Amazing reminis- Present efforts are so hopelessly inadequate, cences of antiquity and the Orient; living still many of the missionaries so pitifully weak and in Old Testament days and ways. One cannot ofttimes petty! The rabbis I have spoken to are imagine the reality without seeing it. A Chas- so responsive, so genuine. Difficulties there are; sidic renaissance! Little dark rooms jammed full in Lodz missiles were hurled at us as we passed with worshipping Jews. In their prayer-shawls, through the ghettos; the Jews were antagonized greasy with age and wear, some with the fellim by the unfortunate method of approach to them (phylacteries), bobbing up and down in discord- by a local missionary who thinks he is doing a ant prayer; boys squeezed in between and com- good work by thus fomenting trouble. pletely hidden from view. Literally hundreds of Jews in a room so closely packed that when you In provincial towns literally hundreds of Jews push one, the whole room is set in motion. A crowd the Christian churches to hear the visiting squirming mass-the air thick enough to cut. missionary; this in spite of the threats of the And among them some wonderfully fine patri- rabbis. They buy up so much literature that suparchial types with luminous eyes revealing deep plies brought along are quickly exhausted. It is spirituality. I crowded my way in ;-who was I? as though Pentecost were repeating itself. And An American and a Christian! Wonder of won- the Church at home is prejudiced against Jewish ders. The boys stood gaping at me as though I missions because of unfortunate mistakes of the were an American Indian with war paint, feath- past. ers and tomahawk! The old men came eagerly to shake hands. No opposition; no rejection but In Germany anti-Semitism is synonymous with awesome acceptance! A new day! Truly the Protestantism. A feeling of inner spiritual ties harvest is ripe. If only we had the right leader- with Catholicism is growing among German ship, now! Jews, who regard Catholicism as Christian but Protestantism as having sold its soul to the Gov- And then the meetings in the missions. In ernment. Warsaw, two years ago, Jews came in such crowds to hear evangelistic talks, that many were Do you wonder that I am eager, anxious, deturned away. Today similar crowds continue to termined and more convinced than ever of the come, arriving an hour before the meetings. Evi- need of our work? I wish you could have heard dence that the interest was not a momentary the rabbi with whom I spoke this morning. Sinfancy or novelty, but is of lasting power. It is cere, appreciative of Jesus Christ, and of sincere easy to get crowds. What have we to offer! Christians carrying on Jewish missions; recog- nizing Jews who through sincere conviction come I am more convinced than ever that ours is an to a faith in Christ; regarding good-will inadeorganized church responsibility. It is criminal quate and convinced we must grapple honestly to leave the work to unrelated spasmodic indi- with the religious factor and our differences in vidual efforts, effective as these may be. faith and must face the essential fact of faith in God through Jesus Christ.

WAR A SIGN OF WEAKNESS By RAMSAY MACDoNALD, British Prime ll1inister War is a failure, not a triumph, of government. It is a waste of national wealth; so far from securing peace it defeats every influence that makes for the world settlement and world agreement.

The Western Hemisphere may imagine that it can keep out of a European war, but when the war is over, with all its destruction of life and civilization, then there will be smokeless factories in the Western Hemisphere; there will be grain rotting in its fields because the people who were to command labor and use the labor of America will be lying rotting corpses under the ruins of the destroyed buildings of the cities of the East..

War benefits nobody, therefore the British Government and every enlightened government in the world have declared that they will do their best to make war unthinkable and an impossibility.

But I must say this by way of warning-no one country can secure peace. Peace is an international venture. Great Britain cannot disarm whilst other countries are arming. Great Britain cannot trust to security of peace and cooperation and goodwill whilst other countries are pursuing an opposite policy in an opposite spirit. Therefore the question of Geneva is this, do we trust each other enough? Are we going to pursue our problems in the spirit of goodwill and with the determination to cooperate in order to secure peace rather than to arm against each other?

a Million Korean

By the REV. WILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR, D.D., Pyengyang, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

BEYOND question the stability of the Church depends more on week by week instruction and faithful shepherding than on extraor- dinary revival effort. For this reason in Korea, we lay emphasis above everything else on faithful church attendance throughout the year, and on daily Bible study and prayer, in addition to the larger Bible Study Classes for the instruction of the whole Church.

But, along with the regular program we have found that it is exceedingly helpful to have spe- cial revival seasons and an occasional program of evangelistic effort that will capture the imagi- nation and enlist the enthusiastic cooperation of the whole Church.

Practically everyone of the Presbyterian churches has an effective revival meeting at least once a year in connection with an annual Bible Class. As far as possible all the members of the Church lay aside their ordinary work and spend one week, from early morning until late at night in prayer and Bible study and in a special effort to reach the unsaved.

At different times in the past, the whole Church has been strengthened as the result of revivals that have come either spontaneously or as the result of definite planning and prayer. The Spirit of God evidently works both ways; sometimes like a sudden rushing of a mighty wind that blow- eth as it listeth, but more often as the quiet, steady breathing, in season and out of season.

Life is in the seed that is broadcast with care and a harvest follows the definite preparation of FORWARD MOVEMENT POST'ER, ANNOUNCING THE soil. SEVEN POINT PROGRAM For two years the Presbyterian and Methodist 1. Oct. 16 to Nov. 26; for six weeks in every church churches, which compose more than nine-tenths the study of a booklet on "How To Bring Men To Christ" of the Protestant force of Korea, have been fol- prepared by Mr. M. B. Stokes, a Southern MethQdist mislowing a common revival program and it is to sionary of unusual evangelist experience and spirit. last one year longer. These two denominations are working side by side in cooperative effort, 2. Nov. 27; "Decision Day" throughout Korea, when each in its own territory, and are carrying for- every Christian was asked to decide upon three nonChris- tian friends for whose conversion he would wQrk and pray.

ward the present evangelistic campaign each in 3. From Dec. 1 till spring, each church was asked to its own way. The main features of the program hold an evangelistic service every Sunday evening and to were decided upon in conference by the revival especially invite nonChristians to attend. committees of the two churches. This year we are following a common schedule of dates and 4. Late in December, the distribution to every home in activities and especially prepared literature. The Korea as far as possible of a short "Life of Christ" as a seven point program, is now being carried out Christmas gift from the church. throughout Korea: 5. The organization of "Follow-Up" bands of volunteer workers to visit each church and in conjunction with the members of the church to call Qn all who have received [300] A PRES BYTER,IA N PYEN GYANG BIBLE CLA SS FOR COUNTRY W OME N the "Life of Christ" booklets; holding revival services in veal the total result of this country-wide distributhe evening, special effort being made to sell copies of the tion of God's Word. The books were gratefully Gospels in connection with these meetings. received and are being read everywhere.

6. Each church in the country to have at least one week The largest Bible Study Class ever held has of revival services sometime during the year. just been held in Pyengyang, where 950 women studied for one week. So many women attend 7. Continued and earnest prayer throughout the Church that it is necessary to divide the class and hold for God's blessing on the campaign. one especially for country women. They enrolled 1,200 last year and the attendance is over 1,700 This program is being carried out in over 3,000 this year. Each of the six main divisions in this Presbyterian and Methodist churches. While it class has to be subdivided several times, and the is too early yet to determine the permanent re- groups meet in three school buildings during the sults, we know .that evangelistic effort has been day. Three large chapel rooms are crowded at increased many fold and that large numbers of five-thirty each morning for the early prayer new believers have already come and are still services and at night two thousand women ascoming into the churches everywhere. semble in the West Gate Church. Men are not invited because there is no room for them. The "Life of Christ" booklets are made up of selections from the Gospels (largely from Mark), Nearly all of the fifty churches in my own field put together in seven chapters, with verse num- report a large increase in attendance. As one bers and references omitted. One million four result seven of the fifty churches are planning to hundred thousand copies of this booklet were erect larger buildings this spring. These days of printed and carefully distributed by individual world-wide disturbance have brought continued Christian workers, one copy each to non-Chris- blessing to Korea. We suffer greatly from finantian homes, with an explanation of the purpose cial depression and unrest and ominous clouds and spirit of the gift and an invitation to become darken the horizon but the Church of Christ con- tinues to move steadily forwarcf. a Christian.* The Judgment Day alone will re- • The Scr ipture Gift Mission of Engl a nd , provided for 2p2ou0~0d0s0, copies ot the " Life of Ch ris,t" hy a g ift of one hundred The r emain ing 1,118,000 copies were paid tor by the various mis- sions and Individual missionaries and the Korean churches.

HOW THE GOSPEL SPREADS IN CHOSEN of Jesus and she knew not who He was or what When the Rev. Harry J. Hill, of Pyengyang, believing in Him meant. But she began to inquire Korea, set out on an evangelistic trip to visit the district of Koksan, away in the mountains, a few of others in the village. Some thought her crazy, of the items that made up the load he took along are :-army cot, bedding freshly covered others had heard the Name but knew only that to stand hard usage (it goes pony back part of the way), wash bowl, cooking utensils, eating the worship was opposed to evil spirits and would utensils, sufficient food to last for two and a half weeks two meals a day (Korean food one meal a bring down the wrath of the village demons! In day se~ms to be as much as he can keep well on) ; grape Jelly enough to make into communion wine spite of much reviling she persisted in her search for all the groups to be visited, for every service closes with the Lord's Supper; tracts and por- and finally found a family who six years before tions of Scripture, church rolls, water bottle needed clothing, Bible-study outlines, Korean and had moved to this valley from a neighborhood English Bibles and hymn book, etc. where there was a "Jesus church." They had at- One group of Christians who were visited on this first trip is interesting. The first we heard of tended services, bought a Bible and hymn book, them from a colporteur and later more details came from the "saxi" (young woman) who fig- and had realized that it was "good to believe in ures most in the story. Cha Yong Wha, eighteen years old, grew up in a very isolated village, Jesus." In the intervening years in a heathen that was zealous in demon worship. A year or so ago she and her sister were taken sick with some community they had forgotten much and drifted strange disease, and tried in vain to appease the village demons. Years before, when she was a away from that beginning of faith. The girl's mere child, Cha Yong Wha had heard her uncle, not a Christian himself, tell of someone who had inquiries, "Who is this Jesus?" "How does one been healed of this same disease by believing in Jesus. This was the only time she had ever heard believe in Him?" stirred them up and they brought out the Bible and shared with the eager inquirer that precious Word of Life. It was sug- gested that they worship together regularly. It was not long before the girl and her sister both recovered.

Then, in the providence of God, the colporteur- evangelist came to this village with his pack of Bibles and Gospels and the love of Jesus in his heart. He was entertained at Chang Yong Wha's house. As a result members of seven families have accepted Christ and another lighthouse is "holding forth the Word of Life." Yong Wha came down to Pyengyang to study for a month in the Bible Institute. MARY HILL.

SOME IDEAS OF KOREAN YOUTH I aMlnodndrAeaTh~ghgrlO~oKvuUepSn. .omTfghwMaiedt~eot-lha~ewoWaglkFenen~tlyedora,unnsSwgeeormsuelo.nf, Tmhe~l~rbeartstenotfiothneisSogoivPeynotoKyao English Bible sCulbajsse~tKso-reeca~nmomeiects ever ' wide range of socii!

r01n e orea Ulswn w . thIS group will prove of interest to all Christian workers -Rep'rinted .

THE KIND OF A PASTOR KOREAN YOUNG A YOUNG MAN AS A GOOD CHURCH PEOPLE WISH MEMBER 1. A pastor who has the experience of the living 1. He must be a regular church attendant. Christ. 2. Cooperate with his pastor in order to build the 2. One who knows the needs of young people and best church. can answer them. 3. He must be liberal in financial help and generous 3. One who is a devout, faithful follower of Christ. in dealing with faults. 4. A man of Christlike love and sympathetic unde,r- 4. He must be willing to work with others in hu- standing. mility. 5. One who realizes the need of good books and 5. He must have faith in and loyalty to Jesus Christ who is willing to sacrifice in order to get and a personal experience of Him. them. 6. One who knows modern social and economic prob- 6. He must fulfil obligations assigned to him. lems and who is trying to find some way to solve them. 7. He must read the Bible, pray and study the mean- 7. One who maintains a proper balance between the ing of spiritual things. old tradition and modern ways. 8. One who has good health, a commanding presence 8. He must realize the importance of the Church as and a good voice. an organization to fight evil. 9. One who can lead others to Christ. 10. Tho:ugh a man of high ideals he must be prac- 9. He must have the missionary spirit and a loving tlCal and able to work out these ideals in attitude towards non-Christians in order to every day life, not merely seeing the im- lead them to Christ. portance of the future life hut also of the here and now. 10. He must practice following our LOl'd's words.

or Victory in India?*

By the REV. J. F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor of the Dnyanodaya, a Union Christian Weekly THE spirit of defeatism that seems to prevail to create the situation, while at the same time a in some quarters regarding the missionary great challenge arises for Christian Missions to situation in India, has various possible ex- buy up this opportunity for the Kingdom of planations. It probably arises in some quarters Christ. India's far-reaching religious revolution owing to the series of financial "cuts" to which brings a twofold challenge to Christian Missions the work and the workers have been subjected. -from Indian Christianity on the one hand and In some cases it is probably due to the political from Indian nationality on the other. In both obsession regarding the land's political destiny. these realms, Indian Christianity and Indian Pa- With others it may be traceable to the ,fact that triotism, let us see what has been done and how criticism of missionaries and the Christian to accomplish what still remains to be done.

Church has become much more vocal in recent India's Pentecost Without Parallel years, a situation which is much healthier than when opinion is repressed. But whatever the rea- The Christian achievements of the past decade son for the spirit of defeatism in so many Chris- in India give cause for ecstatic praise. Before the tian quarters regarding India, we are certain this last Indian census was taken the present writer spirit is utterly unjustifiable and we present a ventured to predict, on the basis of published few facts showing how unjustifiable it is. facts, that the census figures would reveal that We missionaries and Indian Christian leaders during the previous ten years there had been ten are so absorbed in the daily round of duty that thousand new converts won for Christ every the dust of the conflict is in danger of blinding us month. The 1931 census figures return over six to the astonishing progress of the cause of Jesus and a quarter millions of Christians, the exact Christ in India. Weare really taking part in one figures being 6,296,763. This means that well of the biggest situations, if not the biggest situa- over a million and a quarter were won for Christ tion of all, in the history of Christendom. Three during the decade, or more than 150,000 a year, or revolutions are going on simultaneously in India, more than twelve thousand every month. The calculated to affect India's whole future, namely, intensive process leads one to expect a great ac- the political revolution, the social and religious celeration in the rate of increase, and our great revolution that is convulsing Indian society to its concern must never be for numbers but always depths, and the revolution concerning the basic for spiritual quality. At the same time it is "as ideals and methods of Christian Missions. The unwise to ignore numbers as to over-emphasize first and second we do not propose to discuss, them." When we remember that the percentage save to say that we agree with Mr. J. Coatman's of increase among Hindus was only 10.4 and that observation that "dogmatism in Indian political among Moslems only 13 per cent, while the Chris- affairs requires ignorance, more or less complete, tian rate of increase was 32.5, truly there is as its basis." "amazing ground for thanksgiving." This in- The Challenge of Indian Christianity crease, be it remembered, was maintained through ten of the stormiest years India has known.

India's religious revolution brings us face to Over twelve thousand won for Jesus Christ face with one of the very greatest Christian situa- every month during such a decade, means that tions in history. "Here is the opportunity, prayed Indian Christianity is passing through a veritable for, for more than a century," says the Indian Pentecost, for which history itself provides no Bishop of Dornakal, regarding one aspect of the parallel. The success of Christian Missions in revolution, the caste movement in South India. India has been so striking that we shall need far "Should we allow a passing financial depression more convincing reasons than have thus far been to come in the way of our obeying these calls?" assigned by any Commission to lead us to believe This unique situation presents untold encourage- that missionary aims and methods need the radi- ment to Christian Missions, for these have helped cal alteration suggested by the Report of the Ap- * Abbreviated, from the Dnyan@daya, February 23, 1933. praisers. Let it not be forgotten that in recent [303]

years there has been on the one hand such a grow- mate interviews, Dr~Jones was assured that when ing insistence on the importance of genuine and India comes to adopt the Ceylon practice of new enduring missionary work, and on the other hand converts remaining in their own homes, there will such a constant process of readjustment and adap- in all probability be a very great increase in the tation to new conditions, that one of the most number of confessed disciples of Jesus Christ who observant of editors, among those whom we call now are doing their Christian praying in secret. non-Christian, has stated that no other organiza- So widely and so profoundly is Christ revered that tion he knew was so honest with itself and so con- reliable judges affirm all such barriers to an open stantly and thoroughly introspective as to its confession in domestic circles may be removed methods as was the organization of Christian Mis- within twenty-five years. sions. Christ and Indian Students Indian Christianity, however, cannot be fully measured by its six and a quarter millions of pro- Among Indian students the uniqueness of Jesus fessed adherents. Just as neither Joseph of Christ is so increasingly believed that, as one Arimathea nor Nicodemus was numbered among thoughtful student expressed it, there is a growthe open disciples of Jesus during His days on ing dislike to allow His Name to be mixed up with earth, but were the two who remained near Him current political controversy, with communalism to the end to bury the Crucified Lord, so in India or with communism. The students connected with today there are large numbers who daily read the the Hindu university of the most sacred city of Bible and pray to Christ in secret. Indeed we Hinduism made a request to the Hindu Principal believe that the number of these exceeds the num- that Dr. Jones be invited to give a lecture under ber of those returned as Christians in the census. the university auspices and on its premises. The Some criticisms give the impression that Chris- Hindu principal not only granted their request tian missionaries in India not only report all their but said that he himself would preside. At the success, but are in danger of magnifying them. close of Dr. Jones' lecture on the value and power There are facts in our possession, as doubtless of Christ for India the principal stated that he there are in the possession of Christian editors in could not claim the chairman's usual privilege of other parts of India, showing that some of the differing from the lecturer, "For," said he with most important results of Christian work are pur- emphasis, "what Dr. Jones has been saying is calposely withheld from the public press and from culated to help us greatly." This emphatic remark missionary reports. In one center alone we know of the Hindu chairman was of special significance of three baptisms from highborn Indian families, in light of the fact that the All-India Inter-Uniand on each occasion we were urged not to pub- versity Debate had been held shortly before in lish a word on the subject. Benares on the subject: "In the opinion of this House, religion is a great obstacle to the develop- Jesus Christ in India's Heart ment of a healthy and vigorous growth of Indian nationalism, hence it should be abolished." Such There is an increasing amount of striking evi- a debate had shown what is the growing attitude dence of the fact that all over India Jesus Christ of Indian students to the ancestral religions of the is winning His way into the Indian mind and heart. This is the testimony of Dr. Stanley Jones land. as the result of his recent visits to a number of One of our British missionary readers, well the chief Indian centers. In every place he presented Jesus Christ as the one and only Hope of known everywhere in Wetsern India, writes to Asia and he had an astonishingly encouraging say: "What a pitiful thing it seems to us who are response to his definite appeals for surrender to close up to the facts that a Commission of Chris- Christ as the only Saviour from sin. Many of these tian men (and women) should agree to issue lectures were attended by some of the most distin- statements that would deprive us of any justificaguished Indians in the land. It is our growing tion for being in India at all. What a glorious conviction that large numbers of educated people privilege to be singing and preaching the Gospel in every part of India secretly regard themselves as we are doing here to numbers who are listenas followers of Jesus Christ and live as conscien- ing as I have never known Indian audiences to tious a life of prayer to Him as do His openly pro- listen before." The writer of those words has fessed disciples. In one province alone, numbers won the right to speak by the fact that he has of Indian officials are so classified, In many inti- been working in Western India villages for nearly forty years.

Pastors Discuss

By the REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, D.D., Boston, Mass.

Secretary of Education, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions T HE value of the round table discussion con- ever questions members of the group may pro- sists chiefly in the fact that, when success- pose, will usually result in aimlessness. fully carried out, it constitutes real group thinking. My own experience during the past two 3. The leader should be able, after one or two years has convinced me that such discussion is of points have been made in his introductory ad,.. much greater value than formal public addresses. dress, to admit interruptions in the form of re- There is a degree of passivity on the part of those sponse to his statements. If these responses are to the point they usually lead on to things the who listen to a speech. The psychology of the leader wishes to bring out. If much of what he round table is different; each planned to say can come out in member of the group may be, open discussion it is better than and many do in fact become, The human leadership of to give it in a continuous adact i v e participants in the each church rests, or should dress. thinking that is going on. In rest, with the pastor. If he is the give and take of discussion a man of low spiritual life, 4. The genuineness of this ideas are explored, deeper little education, or narrow process depends u po n the meanings are developed, and vision, his congregation will leader keeping an open mind formulated difficulties come to naturally be of the same cal~ and letting the group really expression and often find solu- pibreier.st!' "LIfikhee ispteroupllye, a mliakne develop the thought with him. of God, with a vital Christian If he has any axe to grind, any tion. message, the gift of leadership Coming from the pastorate and a heart and vision that special pleading to make, or reaches out to all in need, any dogmatic barriers to new and being plunged into the cur- then his church will not only ideas, the discussion may derent thought regarding foreign grow in numbers and charac~ velop into an argument or demissions, I have been aston- ter but his congregation will bate but will not be creative. ished to find how vitally for- be a working force for the eign missions are integrated osathlvearsti.onReaanddwhenatliDstmr. eWnthiotef There are new ideas emerginto all aspects of Christian and Dr. McAfee say about ing in r~Iigion. On the mis- how pastors respond to the sion field these ideas are rethought and living. A free dis- responsibility for arousing cussion with ministers makes missionary interest in their ceiving their most clear-cut this apparent and tends to give and concrete formulation. A them a sense of the reality and churches. forum on foreign missions may intimacy of missions as a part be the most vital point in our of their own Christian service. church life for clear thinking, for the deepening of spiritual They come to see that no es- life and the creation of a gensential problem confronts the uinely evangelical spirit. But foreign missionary which does not in some form such a forum must keep close to realities and be confront the minister in his parish. unafraid of clear and critical thinking.

Some factors in the successful conduct of group I have found that, starting with the same body discussion are important to its greatest value: of thought and encouraging a free criticism and 1. The leader must have clear in his own mind discussion, no two groups go in exactly the same the points or ideas he wishes to have considered, direction. There are certain main points that and be able to present them freely and informally. usually come up for further consideration, but 2. General discussion should be preceded by new ideas and new slants on old ideas are always the leader's presentation of a body of thought appearing. I am convinced that one of our great- which will constitute the focus and point of de- est needs today is clear doctrinal thinking. This parture for what follows. The mere stating of is peculiarly the case as regards foreign misquestions by the leader, or entertaining of what- sions. It happens that I hold a thoroughly lib- [305]

eral point of view and present the concept and to do less. I find no serious question in these validity of foreign missions upon that basis. I groups regarding the Jerusalem statement: "Our have not found that theological liberalism and Message is Jesus Christ." boldness tend to lessen interest in missions. Indeed, for many, it alone can sustain that interest. 3. There is some question about the collateral methods of our work, especially the increased But, whether liberal or conservative, the min- complexity of our program. A number of these isterial leaders of our churches need to think conferences revealed a confusion of mind about through the relation of missionary effort to the the vast range of missionary institutions and procentral principle and the motivating spirit of our grams. There seems a very general feeling that Christian faith. The human appeal and the dra- the evangelistic or direct appeal ought to be inmatic presentation of missionary work are indis- creased. pensable for the church at large. But strong conviction based on clear thinking is needed for 4. There is some inquiry about the ability of vigorous support of missions from the pulpit. the Nationals on the mission fields to take over Intimate discussion with groups of ministers the work. This seems especially to apply to those from five to fifty furnishes about the best stimu- who know the older fields and wonder whether lus to this clarification of thought and conviction the time has not come for the transfer of much that I know. Incidentally it is a vastly interest- of the responsibility to the Nationals. Few of the ing and rewarding experience for the secretary groups seem to know how much of this is being who leads it. done; others fail to realize how vast is the field left for the National Church if it is turned over Impressions from Pastors and Elders to them and they need to see how devolution leaves abundant tasks for the missionary force. By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., New York 5. There is some discussion about the possi- Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian bility of effective cooperation on the field among Church, U. S. A. Christian forces with divergent beliefs. It ap- years that confidence in cooperation plans is not My experience in conferences of pastors and uniform. Some wish cooperation pushed much elders has been varied. I have learned that it is farther and would welcome the absorption of debetter to weigh opinions than to count the people nominational administration into an interdenomiwho are there. With that in mind let me put national agency. Others are strongly opposed to down a few impressions. anything of the kind. It is on the whole the most confused single item of my conferences. 1. There seems little question in the groups which I have met about the fundamental duty of 6. Criticism of missionary personnel is for the foreign missions. This is taken for granted, and most part resented. This is always accompanied an increased knowledge of the world has not by a recognition that there are faulty missionraised in the minds of those who come to such aries, as there are faulty workers at home, and conferences any question about the duty of mak- that various tests applied to missionaries might ing Christ known everywhere. reveal various levels of attainment. There is an almost universal assertion, however, that the mis- 2. There seems little question about the funda- sIonary force is the best selected and the most mental message to be given. Some of the people effective in our entire Christian enterprise. present feel that we ought to do more in the application of our faith and some think we ought A LAYMEN'S VIEW OF LEADERSHIP The world is not going to be stormed into religiousness; but it may be shepherded there. Let individual pastors become dominated by the conviction that they are the Church's real leaders-endowed with the Spirit; ordained by the Church and commissioned by God-and they will slough off the "inferiority complex" which makes them so docile and deferential toward professional "leaders," who are leading nowhere. One definite remedy for the present inertia in Christian activity would be to declare a moratorium for a few years upon professional "leadership." Suppose every church and clergyman should decide to ignore the very existence of all the super-salaried secretaries and causes and organizations and "movements"-outside of the normal denominational life- and devote themselves wholly to aggressive activity in their own local fields.

Would not the result be a new sense of dignity and responsibility and power for every pastor; who would then know that whatever leadership in religion comes to his community is dependent upon him and his fellow ministers, as led by the Spirit of God? In a word, the Church already has leaders, except where the shepherds have become sheep. Once let them reRum<> th<> pastoral Rtaff and the Church will soon be able to exult, in the words of Deborah's song': "For that the leaders took the lead in Israel, For that the people offered themselves willingly, Bless ye Jehovah." -Willimn T. Ellis, LL.D.

New Lessons in

i By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, -..~ I New Haven, Conn.

Author of "The History of Christian Missions in China"

W ORKING as they are in the midst of a To be sure, the picture is far from being en- rapidly changing world, Christian mis- tirely dark. Any of us can cite enough splendid sions must repeatedly make readjust- exceptions and point to sufficient evidences of ments in their policies and programs. Almost progress to make us all thank God and take cour- inevitably so widespread a movement tends to be- age. It is probably, however, that our gravest come institutionalized and, as a whole, to lag problems lie in these young Christian communisomewhat behind the march of events. While we ties.

vigorously dissent from some of the basic ideas The problems are serious because the continu- and findings of "Re-Thinking Missions," the fact ing witness to the Christian Gospel in India, Bur- remains that the volume contains s'uggestions ma, China and Japan, as in the United States, which may be of real help to the missionary enter- must be found in some kind of forward moving prise. The Laymen's Inquiry and its Commission Christian community. From the beginning of the on Appraisal have done a great service in urging modern Protestant missionary movement declara- on the Protestant Church the importance of fac- tions have been repeatedly made that the task of ing certain specific situations and problems and in the missionary is in part to make himself unneces- suggesting possible solutions. To be sure, they sary. We have said almost ad nauseam that the have brought forward very little that was not foreign mission boards must seek to bring into previously known to those familar with the facts. existence self-governing, self-supporting and self- The very absence of novelty in most of the defects propagating churches. Often it has been insisted pointed out and the solutions proposed, makes it that these churches need not, and should not be particularly imperative that we take heed to the exact reproductions of their parents in the West, findings so frankly put forward. If we seek to but that in each land followers of Christ should dodge any of the issues raised on the ground that so make the Gospel their own that, while remain- we have long been aware of them or cannot en- ing in spiritual fellowship with the Church unitirely agree with the form in which they have versal, they should express their faith in institu- been phrased, the enterprise for which we are tions adapted to the needs of their particular trustees may suffer harm. communities.

In the judgment of the present writer, the most Nor has the dream failed of some degree of sobering of the criticisms are those which are realization. In each of the lands visited the Apmade of the younger churches which the mission- praisers found noble Christian lives and many ary enterprise has helped to found on the mission congregations and groups of congregations which fields. The weakness which the perpetuation of for vitality, awareness of the needs of the comsectarian differences has brought about; the fail- munities around them, and active attempts to ure of some of these churches to win the younger meet those needs, will stand comparison with ingeneration and even to hold many of the children dividual sister Christian communities in the West. of their own members; their perpetuation of imported foreign expressions of their faith in hym- Yet the fact remains that in the main forms of nology, order of service and architecture; the piti- missionary activity we have come short of our fully weak character of so much of the theological professed goal in assisting to establish what we education; the appalling failure in numbers of have chosen to call "indigenous churches." Traregions to attract and hold in the Christian min- ditionally, the chief channels through which Protistry any considerable proportion of the ablest of estant missions have sought to serve the peoples the Christian youth; and the paralysis and para- to whom they have gone have been schools, medisitism wrought in so many congregations by the cine, literature, and what in its largest implicaunwise dependence on foreign financial subsidies tions we have termed evangelism. In education -these defects are all too familiar to those who and medicine. we have made outstanding contribuhave been intimately in touch with the work of the tions. In India, Burma, China and Japan, as in other lands, mission schools have played a large Church abroad. part in introducing Western education and in [307]

moulding the new educational systems. In some nearly adapted to local needs and with the com- of these countries, notable China, the missionary bination or elimination of many existing institu- physician has been largely responsible for the tions.

emergence of a modern, scientifically trained med- In the third place, we must deal more realisti- ical profession. In literature, the missionary has cally and persistently with the problem of the type made notable contributions, particularly in the of professional leadership which will both bring very early days. In the translation and distribu- the vision and training required by the churches tion of the Bible, he continues to fill an important and whose financial support can be compassed by function. For centuries to come, China, Japan, the Christian communities without foreign finan- India and Africa will be profoundly different be- cial assistance. This is one of the most perplexing cause of the presence of the missionary in the days problems of all and the resulting pastoral institu- of the coming of Western culture. Yet in all three tion may prove very different from that to which of these functions the place of the missionary is we have been traditionally accustomed in the Oc- transient. In general education, in medicine and cident. Fortunately experiments in this direction in literature, the institutions established by him have been made in several fields, some of them are decreasingly prominent. At a pioneer of these over the course of many years, and a few of them phases of Occidental civilization he has performed with considerable success.

an immense service. In all of them he still has a In the fourth place, we must deal more intelli- place, but this, while important, seems destined to gently and heroically with the use of foreign funds be decreasingly so. In India, China and Japan we than we have yet done in all but a fraction of the have reached the stage, in some regions years ago, area which we have sought to cover. This will in which the "indigenous" churches must bear undoubtedly mean the cutting off of many sub- most of the brunt of continuing and strengthening sidies (usually a wholesome deflation).

the Christian witness in the life of the nation. It In the last place, and always, we must seek to is precisely in nourishing such communities that remember that no mechanics or institution, no we seem to have been least successful. matter how intelligently devised, can be a substi- . What, then, shall we do? First of all we must tute for life-the life which is the fruit of the concentrate more on the task of reenforcing these Spirit. If that life is to be realized we must, as ongoing Christian communities. In these days of the Laymen's Commission has rightly reminded declining and stationary incomes and missionary us, seek to appoint as missionaries only those who staffs, we must sacrifice first those institutions have found its secret and give promise of trans- which contribute least to the achievement of this mitting it. For the next few years financial lim- goal. Among these will be many of our schools, itations will probably prevent us from sending where the proportion of the student body which is out as many missionaries as often as in the past.

Christian is very small and where the positive con- We must see that those who go are the very best, tribution to the production of Christian character, the most spiritually alive, and that they have been is slight. given an opportunity to obtain the finest prepara- In the next place, we must face courageously tion possible. Such individuals can come only the problem of indigenous Christian leadership. from a church which has rising within it springs This will mean the complete reorganization of of Life. By repentance, faith and devoted love most of our theological and training school educa- each of us must seek to make it possible for God tion, with experimentation in curriculums more to produce that life in American Christianity.

SIX MISSIONARY BEATITUDES Blessed are missionaries of the Gospel, for to them is given the promise of the pres- ence of Christ (Matthew 28: 19, 20) !

Blessed are the sowers of the Word of God, for they shall abundantly rejoice (Psalm 126: 6) !

Blessed are those who turn many to righteousness, for they shall shine forever (Dan- iel 12: 3) !

Blessed are they who spend themselves in helpful service amongst the needy brethren of our Lord, for they shall have the benediction of the King (Matthew 25: 34-36) !

Blessed are those who give to help forward the Kingdom of God, for these have the approval of the Saviour (Acts 20: 35) !

Blessed are they who give up loved ones for the service of Christ, for they shall have eternal compensations (Matthew 19: 29) ! -Record of Christian Work. By the REV. ERNEST E. TUCK, New York -~ Associate Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church It is not too much to say that upon the quality of per- those great personalities who have sacrificed and sonnel, far more than upon any other factor, depends the pioneered to bring in this new day. But his revreal and permanent success of the missionary enterprise. erence for these great souls who have made his … The history of Protestant missions is a story of the work possible must not bind him to the past in influence of personality upon individuals and communi- his methods of work nor in his attitudes. His ties.-Re-Thinking Missions. face is toward the future and he must live his life in each new day that dawns. THIS has always been so. Christianity began with the impact of one Man upon other men What then are some of the requirements for and we define Christianity in terms of the this missionary of the future? Many of them are life and teachings of this Son of Man-Jesus not new and the mention of them here only em- Christ. The missionary enterprise is the passing phasizes their importance. Some distinctly new on, through human personalities, of His influence emphases, however, belong to this new day. with all of its implications for individual and so- cial conduct. Every true disciple of this match- In the first place, the missionary of tomorrow less Person must inevitably be a transmitter of must have an increasingly intelligent understandthe power and beauty and standards of His life. ing of what the Christian message really is, and But some have been especially set aside and "com- all that it implies. He will know that it is not missioned" by the Church of Christ to be the something set in a fixed mould, like cement. It interpreters of His life and Gospel to people of is a living, personal experience that grows with other lands. We have come to call them foreign the expanding knowledge that comes from God missionaries. What an amazing list of names Himself. He must know where are to be found could be assembled of the great missionaries of those spiritual fountains that give life and he will the Church from the earliest days until now! drink from them deeply and often. His message But men are saying today that we have come to will be expressed in an active "loyalty to Jesus the end of another epoch in this glorious enter- Christ regarded as the perfect revelation of God prise and that we have already entered upon the and the only Way by which men can reach a satisnew day. fying experience of Him."

A new spirit of freedom, a wholesome emphasis In the second place the future missionary of on the worth of human personality and a demand Christ will, in a very real sense, be a creative for greater equality in human rights and oppor- personality with an abiding and sustaining faith tunities for all men are everywhere apparent. in the ultimate triumph of the spirit of Christ in Furthermore, our world has been rapidly changed the world. He will so live his way into the hearts into an "apartment house world" where we hear of the people whom he goes to serve that all their the neighbors' radio in Paris or Rome or London human relationships will be enriched and blessed or Shanghai or Geneva or Manila, and it is some- through the years. He will take situations as he times disturbing to our peace and quiet. But dis- finds them and so help to transform those human turbing or not such is our world. It is a world situations as to create a new and better world. of human relationships and not a world of earth He will be willing to experiment, to venture, to and sea and sky. In many lands a vigorous young abandon old methods and plans when they have church has arisen and it has produced some great been proved inadequate.

souls who have a genuine contribution to make to Third, the missionary of the future will have Christian thought and life. In view of all this the capacity for growth. Professor Oscar M. Buck men are rightfully asking what the future mis- recently declared that great missionaries are sionary must be, what kind of men and women grown not made. True, and the capacity for must the Church commission to "go and make growth is a prerequisite. Conditions of work in disciples of all the nations." many lands today make the growing of great mis- sionaries difficult, but the creative, understanding The missionary of the future cannot ignore the missionary will soon recognize those unsatisfacmissionary of the past. He owes too much to [309] tory conditions and will so set about changing mission, the missionary dare not go into the them that in the very process he himself will future. grow and help others to grow through the sunshine and warmth of his own and his Master's In speaking of the missionary of the future radiant personality. The missionary that has lost we have enumerated qualities which are found in the ability to grow spiritually, to grow in under- the lives of many missionaries who are today standing and sympathy, to grow intellectually exemplifying these qualities. These choice men has no rightful place in that company of men and and women of the present missionary force will women who venture forth to reveal to men of be the first to recognize that every worthy enterother lands, the spirit and power of Christ. If a prise in modern life is increasingly demanding missionary allows himself to settle down to a abler, more consecrated men and women to carry deadening daily routine and lose all consciousness it forward; they know better than any of us "that of the movements of life about him; if he allows upon the quality of personnel, far more than upon the assigned tasks to overwhelm him and destroy any other factor, depends the real and permanent the fine enthusiasms he once had for the inter- success of the missionary enterprise." The mispretation and evidencing of the values of the sionary of the future has received a great herit- Christian way of life; if he does not know that age from the missionary of the past. all about him are new and awakening forces and agencies for the enrichment of life; if he falls CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP into the pit of mere mechanical making of reports, holding of stated meetings and crowding his days Principles full with many activities, then he has lost the 1. GOD is the OWNER of ALL capacity for growth. 2. MAN is the STEWARD of what he POSSES- The personal relationship and attitudes of the SES missionary of the future will be even more im- 3. GOD requires ACKNOWLEDGMENT portant than before. He must exemplify the spirit of Christian brotherhood not only with his fellow Intelligent One's self missionaries but with his fellow men of other GIVING of Service races, colors and conditions. He cannot be a Cheerful cause of friction .and misunderstanding. In these { Substance days national sensitiveness as to personal rela- By { Systematic tionships and attitudes is sometimes even unrea- Proportionate sonable, so that it is particularly important that the missionary shall be able to enter sympathet- LSacrificial ically into the experience of others. Regardless of race or position personal interests cannot be Me,thods served first. He must strive truly to represent Of your income his Master who came not to be ministered unto but to minister. He will constantly seek to under- Keep a Strict Account Of your expenses stand the universal human emotions and aspira- { Of your gifts tions so that he can enter fully into the deepest human experiences of those whom he seeks to A definite proportion Separate unto the Lord The first-fruits serve. Other essential qualities in the missionary of {At least one-tenth Christian living the future occur immediately to one familiar with missionary service today. The necessity for an Use the Remainder in Christian thrift effective prayer life is not a quality apart from { Christian service the others; an intelligent understanding of the Christian message, a creative. personality, the ca- FINANCIAL Effects pacity for growth, and Christlike personal rela- SPIRITUAL tionships are not possible without such a prayer Insures God's Blessing life. This.is such an intimate personal experience Increases Church Revenue that it is the missionary's very soul. It is also Supplies World's Need true that without intellectual honesty, and a rev- Confirms Faith erence for truth, combined with a deep sense of Energizes Prayer Ennobles Character It Gorifies God

"Shall We Appraise Home Missions?"

By the REV. JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bureau of Publicity, BoaI'd of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Cburcb I T IS too early to forecast the total effect of the we have over 200 Protestant denominations. We Inquiry into Foreign Missions. In ten years know how many church members there are, how we will know more about that. Already, how- many Sunday-school pupils, the value of church ever, suggestions are coming from many quarters, property, the amount spent on annual budgets, "Let's study Home Missions." Curiously enough and a multitude of other totals. Similar data are this proposal comes from two distinct groups, at hand with reference to distinctly home mis- those who rather gloatingly sionary enterprises, although imply that such a study would not all of this data has been do away with Home Missions, Foreign Missions have re- tabulated. Some of it has been and sincere friends who covet cently come in for a great so tabulated and more is now the wide-spread pUblicity which deal of publicity. Not only being put into shape by the the Foreign Mission enterprise have missionaries and secre- Home Missions Council.

has just received. taries sent home their report But our information does not Substantially the same agen- but travelers, business men stop with these generalities. and special commissions have cies which directed the Foreign expressed their opinions for It goes into many intimate de- Mission study have spent in and against the large expendi- tails. the study of Home Missions in ture of life and money. Home the past f 0 u r tee n years, Missions receives less special Weare told that Foreign amounts which we suspect atterttion from outsiders but Missions are too denominawould dwarf into relative in- it is no less important-nor tional in character; Home Missignificance the half million are less money and lives ex- sions are probably even more so.

dollars expended on the Lay- pended at home. Should a The laymen report that a man's Foreign Missions In- special commission be ap- percentage of Foreign Mission quiry. The results of those pointed to appraise the needs, money is expended unwisely, the methods, the force and studies are available in a multi- the results in America? because of lack of adequate tude of carefully-written vol- planning. The same is true of umes which make a library, Home Missions. Buildings are compared with the one volume wrongly located, ceilings are thus far published from the foreign study. An made too high, bad floor plans are adopted, ineffi- enormous amount of material is also available in cient workers are employed, and ill-advised prothe flIes and reports of the horne missionary grams are laid out-mistakes aplenty are made.

agencies. Of course, there are other things that we know Able as was the commission which studied For- about Home Missions. We know that for heroism eign Missions, it has been difficult to locate any and Christian devotion it would be hard to equal important facts which the commission discovered and impossible to surpass the sacrificial courage which were not already the common possession of shown by the home missionaries who have served those acquainted with the missionary enterprise. and are serving so unselfishly to exalt Jesus It seems unlikely that a study of Home Missions Christ in our country. We know that Home Mis- could reveal any particularly important or signifi- sions have helped to build into American life some cant items which are not now available. of its finest qualities (and, in spite of much pes- simism, there are some fine things about Amer- What Do We Now Know? ica).. We know from actual court records in par- ticular communities that home missionary The amount of general information we now have is almost appalling. We know how many churches in congested city centers have kept churches there are in the United States and where thousands of boys and girls out of the clutches of they are located. We could make a map of them, the law and have turned their feet into paths of if we wished to spend the time. We know that usefulness. We know that a perfectly amazing [311]

number of people-young and old-are dependent denominational. Their impatience has reached upon home missionary agencies for religious op- such a stage that, if they cannot induce others to portunities and religious nurture. We know that, join them in a church unity movement, they will in spite of all that is being done, there are mil- withdraw and have unity by themselves. Others lions of boys and girls in America growing to ma- are equally convinced that, even though many of turity without religious training and that there is our present denominations may disappear, denom- a perfectly appalling number of American homes inationalism in some form will characterize our into which no representative of a Christian church ecclesiastical organizations so long as the race ever goes. maintains any interest in religion; they believe The Problem of Interpretation that goodwill between groups and individuals is more basic than an ecclesiastical unity attained Probably nothing good or bad has been found by the surrender of convictions and interpretaout about Foreign Missions which could not be tions which seem important to the holder. more or less directly applied to Home Missions. No further assembly, however, of either obvious When we have established the fact that many or hidden facts, no matter how comprehensive, home missionary workers lack satisfactory trainwill get us very far toward the solution of our ing, what is to be done about it? Some would problems. Our difficulties do not grow out of any doubtless feel that all inadequately trained workserious lack of, or disagreement with reference to, ers should immediately be released. They may be matters of fact, but rather in the interpretation one hundred per cent correct, but others certainly of those facts, and, in that realm, there are basic would totally disagree with that position. Simiand possibly insoluble difficulties, as the laymen's lar diversity of opinion exists with reference to inquiry has rather clearly demonstrated. It is the support of so many preachers and so few pereasy to be misled in general gatherings and to sons skilled in the religious nurture of youth. confuse Christian courtesy and fellowship with the disappearance of basic differences in philos- The point that we are trying to make clear is ophy and thought. that, were any new general study of Home Mis- sions to be undertaken, the results would not be To an outsider it would seem that the most largely affected by the facts discovered, or which obvious fallacy of the Appraisers' group studying are even now available to those who desire to use Foreign Missions was what appears to have been them, but the outcome would almost entirely be the assumption that they had prepared a state- determined by the presuppositions of those who made the study.

ment and interpretation of the foreign missionary Feasible Lines of Advance enterprise upon which diverse groups could agree. Much has been done in the field of comity, but Where Opinions Differ there is need for further application of the prin- ciples of comity, not in any wholesale fashion or Take, as an illustration, the matter of preaching, upon which both Home and Foreign Missions after a formula, but according to the conditions seem largely to have been built. Many seem to be in each particular situation. There is, also, a agreed that preaching has been overdone and need for a further extension of cooperation in cershould be subordinated in the future; yet it is tain types of work. One factor holding back such cooperative enterprises is that the technique of doubtful whether any representative group of preachers or laymen in America would vote with cooperation has not yet been mastered. A more them, if they really understood what they were improved technique must be worked out if coopervoting on. The study group may be right-we ation on a national basis is to be developed on any suspect they are-but the church is fully imbued considerable scale.

Over and above comity and larger-group coopwith the preaching idea. Where is the supreme eration there are important lines of work which court which will settle the matter? should be taken up, and fields which should be ex- And what of denominations? While home mis- plored, which will probably wait eternally if their sionary leaders are probably a little less denomi- entry is dependent upon reaching a total agree- nationally minded than others, yet, in general, ment. For such types of work, congenial, like- Home Missions are about as good and about as minded groups must be organized, while others, bad as the denominations they represent. To one even though they are doubting Thomases, exercise group denominations are not only anathema but Christian charity and forbearance and offer an the marked child of the evil one. 'They can hardly occasional prayer for their brethren whom they find adjectives severe enough to describe anything love but with whom they cannot at all times agree.

Will and Good

A Jewish View of Missions to the Jews By the REV. JACOB PELTZ, Chicago, Illinois General Secretary of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of North America EVERY Christian should be interested and ac- faith. It is the fulfillment of the hopes and ideals tive in giving the Gospel to the Jews. It is of the Jewish prophets. When a Jew becomes a a command of Christ to preach the Gospel to follower of Jesus Christ, he does not lose his reevery creature. The entire missionary enterprise ligion-he finds it; he does not give up his ancient is motivated by this Great Commission of our faith, but rather that faith is transfigured. In Lord, yet most Christians take it for granted fact, Judaism without Christ and without the New either that the Jews do not need the· Gospel or Testament is incomplete and unsatisfying. This that there is a magic way of salvation for this is the reason that so many Jews today are abanpeople other than the way provided through doning Judaism.

Christ on the Cross on Calvary. Giving the Gospel to the Jewish people is the As a substitute for the Gospel of salvation some way to solve the Jewish problem. There is no well-meaning but misguided Christians have in really anti-Semitic movement in America today recent years inaugurated what is known as the though there may be the spirit of anti-Semitism "good-will movement" in place of the divine Good manifested here and there in colleges, clubs, ho- News Movement. This "good-will movement" is tels and summer resorts. But any student of but a temporizing, watered-down, sentimental Jewish and Gentile relations in America realizes method of attempting to solve the Jewish problem. that all is not well between these two groups.

Needless to say that this and other substitutes for Underneath the current of affairs there is still a the Cross of Christ are futile. It is lowering the deep seated prejudice and sometimes bitterness. standard; it is not carrying out the commission Now how shall we solve this problem?-by educaof our Lord. The good will we proclaim is the tion? by good-will meetings? by the holding of good will of Christ for the salvation of man made seminars and lectures? These methods have been possible by the Cross of Calvary. This applies to tried and found wanting because they do not both Jew and Gentile. reach the root of the problem. We must realize The Jews need the Gospel of Christ as much as that the unregenerated Jew will always be a probany other non-Christian people-Mohammedan, lem to the Gentile. The Jew's character and eth- Buddhist, Hindu, Confucianist or Animist. These ics will be found wanting. The Jew's mannerisms religions are inadequate, and the same is true of will jar. The Jew's mode of living will not appeal.

modern Judaism, which is in many cases con- The unregenerated Gentile will continue to be trary to the teaching and Spirit of the Prophets. prejudiced against the Jew as an irritant in Amer- But, more than this" in America the greater ican life. What is the solution to these prob- lems? Only the regenerating power of Jesus number of the four and a half million Jews have Christ transforming individual lives, making them given up Judaism and are now religiously adrift.

Rabbis say that between seventy and eighty per- anew and producing winsome characters. So the cent of the Jews today are not connected with any Gospel of Jesus Christ must be preached to the synagogue. Jew in order that we may have a solution of the We hear a great deal today about "proselyte" Jewish problem in America and avoid anti- and "proselytizing." These terms usually refer Semitic persecutions such as we see in countries to unethical methods that are sometimes used to of Europe.

win adherents to a particular organization. But The Jewish people respond to the appeal of these terms do not apply when we go to the Jewish Christ as do any other people. During the ninepeople with the Gospel. We are giving them a teenth century, something like 200,000 Jews were message which they do not know, and a Christ won to Christ. Today there are a quarter of a who transforms. We are not aiming to persuade million of Hebrew Christians in the various counthem to abandon the faith of their fathers for tries of the world. Christianity is not the negation of the true Jewish Missions to the Jews may take the form of com- [313]

munity centers in various cities where the Jews tians in America today who understand the Jewlive in congested neighborhoods. Thousands of ish problem and who can develop an adequate churches all over the country have Jews in their Christian approach to the Jew, if the Church of neighborhood and the Church must realize that Jesus Christ is aroused and calls them to definite it has a message, a Gospel for all the people of service in carrying out the commission of our this community, including the Jew. The fact is Lord Jesus Christ "to preach the Gospel to every that there are many Hebrew and Gentile Chris- creature"-including the Jews.

DIFFIOULT DAYS IN MANOHURIA By the REV. W. T. COOK, Sinpin, Manchuria Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

We returned to Sinpin our mission station, after our furlough, with the sense of apprehension deepened because of the uncertainty about conditions. After leaving the railroad we traveled at the head of a caravan of ten carts until we reached the town. But it was not the city we had left less than a year before. Insurgent Chinese soldiers were everywhere. Even the postal and tele- graph services were entirely abolished, so that for four months we sent no letters and none were delivered by the post-no home messages, no magazines, no Christmas packages! In October the city fell into the hands of the new Japanese-Manchukuo regime. The pacification reache,s chiefly along the main roads and centers for in between there are many irresponsible roving bands, committing depredations.

The robberies suffered by the Chinese are more severe than this district has known before. One man in the hospital has both his feet frozen. Robbers entered his home from which, in his haste, he fled barefooted. He was chased through the snow and bitter cold at night and some of his toes must be amputated. Another man, when accosted by the robbers, told them to clear out as he had no money. For answer a pistol bullet sped into his forehead and lodged at the base of the brain. Robber,s do occasionally put an old man into a large Chinese kettle and boil him to death in their attempt to make him divulge where his money is-when perhaps he hasn't any at all. People come into the hospital with burns on their bodies as a result of torture by bandits who have held lighted bunches of incense sticks against the flesh to make them part with cash.

The Koreans have not escaped; many have been robbed or driven from their homes. Some have been robbed so frequently that the people have no shoes or decent clothing to wear and cannot come to church. During the summer over eight hundred Christians were huddled in refugee camps at Sanchengtsu, a center north from here. Their homes in the country were forsaken, the churches disbanded; some buildings being wrecked by the bandits. Every week scores of Koreans leave so that the churches are depleted. Like Paul in his shipwreck, when everything was thrown overboard, so we and the churches of South Manchuria Presbytery long for the day when peaceful conditions will prevail and the many exiles may return. It is the belief of the best informed that this res- toration will come in the next two or three years and that many thousands will come in with them to replenish the churches and the general population. A general expansion of church work and a revival is anticipated.

In the meantime we carryon almost alone. We are encouraged by the attitude of the Chris- tians who are faithful in distress and we believe that they appreciate our staying with them at a time like this. The Sinpin church, in the hour of trouble, has given even more generously to the work among the Chinese than in years gone by. The Bible clas,s, in February, was attended by over two hundred, about half of them coming from the country. Beginning with prayer meeting before daybreak, two periods of study were held in the forenoon; then meetings in the afternoon and evening. They drank in the consolations of Paul's epistle to the Philippians. Our hearts go out to them as they return to their barren little homes, devoid of comforts which we regard as necessi- ties, but they go with a light and a song in their hearts.

Many pastors have moved away. Five evangelists, largely supported by the Koreans, are ap- pointed to build up the depleted churches. They are courageous men with a fervent and consecrated spirit. The Men's Bible Institute was attended by twenty-seven earnest young men of fine caliber. One pastor in Korea sent greetings to them as the "morning stars" of the Manchuria Church.

Not as the conquerors come, they, the true hearted, came! Not with the sound of rolling drums or the trumpet that sings of fame; But amidst the storm they sang, and the stars heard and the sea; And the arching aisles of the dim wood rang with the anthem of the free.

the Garden of

By DUGALD CAMPBELL, Kano, Northern Nigeria Agent of the National Bible Society of Scotland God hath His deserts broad and brown; a wondrous wealth of hitherto hidden grass, A solitude, a sea of sand flowers, and shrunken shrubs.

On which He lets heaven's curtain down, In the oases I have bought turkeys for two Unknit by His almighty hand. shillings each, grapes black or white at three FROM the Atlantic to the Red Sea, and from pounds for a penny, apples, peaches and apricots the Mediterranean to Lake Chad and the lord- and plums, and delicious oranges, lemons and ly Niger, stretch great sandy deserts which dates, for almost nothing. I fed my camels on we call the Sahara. Nameless nomads, commonly dates and barley when I was compelled to travel called Arabs, with veiled and besworded'Tuaregs, through pastureless places. The Garden of Allah and fanatical mop-headed Moors wander about is the most appropriate name for the Sahara for among the waddies, or live around the wells and only Allah himself could make things grow in waterholes. They shepherd their herds of goats this land of dearth and sterility. There are beauty and sheep and camels which feed on the scant spots in the Hoggar and AIr mountains, the pasture these places afford. Harug-es-Soda and Tibesti, which tourists will visit in days to come, and which bear comparison The greater part of the wandering tribes are with Alpine scenery. A facetious French friend direct descendants of the hardy and autochtho- declared he would build a hotel on the top of nous Berber peoples. Carthaginians, Romans, Tamgak to entertain tourists. In various parts Vandals, Greeks, and Arabs found them in occu- of the far-flung Garden of Allah live multitudes pation. Prior to the Islamic advance after the of unevangelized men and women of the old Berdeath of Mohammed they were devoutly loyal to Jesus Christ. According to tradition, their evan- ber stock-in Mauretania and the Rio del Oro, gelization received its first fiery impetus from the the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and the rich populous man who carried our Saviour's cross-Simon of oases of Eastern Libya, with Italian Libya and the Cyrene, himself an African. southern Sahara, the Tenere and Tanezrouft, the The vast far-stretching Sahara region is known northern bend of the Niger and Lake Chad. I among Arabs and other nomads as the Ganat lived among many of these people; I taught them Allah or "Garden of Allah." It is not all sand and traveled with them-among the Atlas Mounand wilderness for there are many verdant val- tains, the Adrar and Ifoghas, the Hoggar and leys where camels feed and become fat; there Azben, the black and green mountains of Libya, are endless waddies where flocks of sheep and the towering volcanic mountains of Tamgak, and goats stand on their hind legs to crop the low Tibesti that soars over 12,000 feet into the Sagreen branches of succulent thorn bushes. There haran blue. are high mountains, like Tamgak, Tibesti and Mouydir, overrun with mountain sheep; lakes Camped in tents of goatskin or black camels and springs and potholes provide crystal clear hair, surrounded by their flocks and herds and water, cold and covered with ice in winter; fish families, live a race of soldier-shepherds. They and crocodiles are found there. are muscular men, both veiled and besworded; they are silent and strong and live hard, hungry In many parts of the Sahara no rain falls for lives, eating very sparingly once a day, and rare- five years, or more. Yet, after three days of rain ly drinking. These people await the coming of the desert becomes spangled with flowers and tried and tested Christian missionaries, but they shrubs, and grass springs up everywhere, giving must be prepared to live along the dangerous it the appearance of a magic carpet. In Kidal, frontiers, hard, loving, self-denying lives, and in the Ifoghas mountains after a night of heavy ready to die, if need be, that Ishmael may live rain I have seen the waddy in flood, forming tem- before God. . porary lakes, and carrying all before it like a mountain tarn in Scotland. Those short stormy Men of Mauretania and Numidia, Getulre and rain spells send shooting up into ephemeral life Garamantes, Libyans and Fezzani, men of Rhap- sa and Cydamus, Santaria and its southern oases; [315]

travelers along the old Derb el Arbain and the these interesting veiled men and their unveiled other long twisty trails that span the Sahara;- women. They represent different divisions and all these have been left in the inexorable grip of speak different dialects, but all belong to the same Islam. They have been shunned and isolated, old Berber stock. Shilha, Susi, Riffi, Kabyle, and shut up to Koran-chanters and Moslem prosely- other Moroccan, Algerian and Atlas mountain tizers-and all because Christians were timid and dialects are all members of the same Berber lan- avoided lands that lay under the shadow of the guage family.

Crescent. The day of cautious and timid approach The old Berber dialects are in daily use has passed, the day of speedy and fearless decla- throughout Libya, including Augila, Jalo and ration of our faith and all it stands for, is upon Kufra, and even across from Jarabub into Siwa us. It behooves us to go forward with courage· oases where they speak nothing else. Traveling to "preach the Gospel to every creature." south to Bahariya, Farafra, and Dakhla oases I On my first visits to these desert dwellers in met many pure Berbers. I also saw many exclu- 1925, I was amazed at the readiness with which sively Berber towns during my recent two and a they listened to the Gospel. Their women wore half months camel journey throughout eastern silver crosses round their necks, (called tenaghal), Libya.

the camel saddles were bedecked with a cross, It will require serious language work to col- their swords and daggers were cross-handled, and lect, coordinate and classify this widely removed in a score of other things the cross stood out Berber speech family. It has never yet been at- conspicuous. This led me to surmise their Chris- tempted. Morocco has Scripture translations in tian origin. three Berber dialects-Northern Shilha, Central When I started to learn their language, called Shilha, and Southern Shilha. Algeria has trans- Tamashek, I found in it many Greek, Hebrew and lations in two dialects, called Greater and Lesser Roman terms-such as the words for merit, sin, Kabyle. A portion has been printed in one of the angel, God, Passover. I found many customs many Tuareg dialects, and a work is being done which are similar to those in Christian lands- in the Mzab dialect to the south of Algiers.

such as monogamy, chivalrous treatment of wom- Missionaries for many years have been at work en, and a dislike of Islamic interference. Though in Tripoli, but their work has been done in many are nominal Moslems, I found noble tribes Arabic, and the commonly spoken Berber dialect that have withstood Islam. In other words, there has been ignored. No missions have gone to Siwa, is everywhere a great open door for the Gospel. or the other wonderful oases of Eastern Libya, The People of the Veil hence no translations have been attempted, and only a few vocabularies have been collected by My first contact with the "People of the Veil" travelers and officials. The Bantu language famwas in 1925 at Abecher, the capital of French ily has received much more attention, but Berber, Wadai, and from there I found them everywhere which is by no means less important, has been throughout the southern Sahara as far as Kano neglected. in Nigeria. Again, during my long visit to the AIr mountains, the capital of which is Agades, When Will Missionary Work Succeed?

and through to Iferouan I came into contact with When the Berber language family receives the interesting and intelligent populations. In the attention due to its historic and geographical im- valley of Aouderas, among the black mountains portance; when the Scriptures are translated and that rise all around, there is a healthy climate, published in this famous North African speech; good and sufficient water supply from wells, and then, and not till then, can we count on conver- groups of camps and stone villages. At Timya, sions commensurate with the missionary effort Tintellust and Tintaghoda and among shepherd expended. If the early Christian church of North camps I received a warm welcome. Iferouan, and Africa had done for Berberland what modern the noble tribe of cave-dwellers who live in Tam- missionary societies have done for Bantuland, gak, made another good center. East of there live i. e., translated the Word of God into the vernac- the Kel-Fadei and other nomad peoples. ular and put it into the hands of the people, then Toward the southwest and the bend of the North Africa would never have gone down before Niger, live many Tuareg folk who belong to the the fanaticism and ferocity of Islam. The Copts, Tademekket and Oullimmeden confederations. In Abyssinians, Armenians and Syrians had the the latter place the Christian and Missionary Al- Bible, and they have stood, and still stand an im- liance has begun a work, but northward, as far passable barrier to the implacable religion of the as the Ifoghas and Hoggar mountains, live other false prophet.

Tuareg tribes not yet reached by any Christian In the early days the 700 North African bish- missionary. Away east to Lake Chad, and on ops had to run their dioceses and teach their con- into the Sudan, as far as EI Fasher, are found gregations by the medium of Latin which was

IN THE GARDEN OF ALLAH

DUGALD CAMPBELL'S CARAVAN DESCENDING TO THE OASIS OF BAHARIYA understood only by a few. Augustine of Hippo, painted in black; the bodies of men and women and many of the great North African Fathers were also tattooed with the cross. As I rode recommended the use of interpreters to reach the alongside my two Tuareg guides through the sand many Berber congregations. Why did they with- dunes I heard one chant "La illaha, illa Messiner,"

hold the Bible from the Berbers and not give it and I could hardly believe my ears: "There is no to them in their own language? Bible Societies God but our Christ." Surely there is a future in have forced the Roman Catholic Church to circu- the plans of God for this waiting race who still late the Scriptures in French-English and Italian retain the name of Christ in their songs. and and other tongues to prevent "protestant" prose- speech.

lytism. Had they done so throughout Berber Af- Here is a great people who have been waiting rica, then Islam would never have gained the ever since the extinction of the North African victory it has; Spain and Portugal would never Church and the advent of Islam. They have pene- have succumbed temporally to the religion of Mo- trated further and further into almost inacces- hammed. Europe has not seriously realized how sible mountains and desert regions to escape the narrow was its margin of escape from Islamiza- Islamic efforts of Mohammed's fierce followers.

tion. Now is the time to rectify past errors, and There are tribes who,· though they hate Islam work to evangelize the one hundred and one Ber- like the plague, have forgotten the tenets of their ber tribes who have a common mother tongue. Christian faith and are known by their Islamized Let us give them the Word of God in their own brothers as kel-acouf or "wild people." South and language, or help the Christian and Missionary Central Africa have large numbers of Christian Alliance, the Sudan Interior Mission, and others missionaries, but the northern deserts, with the who are making an effort to do so. Rio del Oro and Mauretania and the fertile chain My recent camel journeys through the Red of green emerald oases that stretch from Mogh- Desert of Libya took me to the most southerly reb-el-Akhsa to Mersa-Matruh, are still untrod- part where live the Veiled Tuaregs of the Azgeur den by heralds of the Cross.

Confederation. Their chief-amenoukal-is Abu- The lost Atlantis, which is said to have sunk bekr-Ag-Allegue into whose hands I placed copies into the sea off Africa, seems to have left behind of the Scriptures. I visited the six stone-walled· a few fragments such as the Haggar mountains.

towns that lie along the Tanezrouft valley and Some say that the Tuaregs are the remnant of a spoke with both chiefs and people. I saw doors lost race whose origin and history are obscured in the narrow streets decorated with the cross, in the mists of antiquity. The tomb of the famous

Tuareg queen, Tin Hinan, founder of the race, ants of this ancient Christian people, a lost race lies at Abelessa in the Hoggar, surrounded by whose land lies at the doors of Europe! Such the tombs of her twelve nobles. Her jewels and work must be done on camels, for the Tuaregs other ornaments were discovered near by. Though are wanderers and nomads, but unlike Arabia the Tuareg alphabet is perfect, no books in that and the haramein, work among them would prolanguage have been discovered. Their writings duce no fierce opposition. Motor cars now reguare found on the rocks and stone walls of the larly cross the Sahara, north and south via Lake Sahara but are difficult to decipher, though much Chad and Kano. French officers dare the perils of the inscriptions are quite legible. of thirst and hunger and capture by bandits, to serve their country. Where are the young men The Roman Catholics have tried hard but have willing to venture all to serve Christ and the Gosfailed. Comte de Foucauld, member of a famous pel, to reach at least one tribe of the great Berber race?

May God thrust forth some strong spiritual laborers, full of faith and the Holy Spirit to learn the Berber languages and eventually to win souls among these tall noble Berber people, whose home is The Garden of Allah.

THE CAVE FROy[ WHICH MOHAMMED BIN ALI ES SENUSSI TALENTS NOT FOR SALE WENT FORTH TO FOUND THE SENUSSIGAH FRA- TERNITY. MR. CAMPBELL LIVED I N THIS As my dear father did not believe in selling his CAVE AT SIRVA FOR THREE WEEKS. medical knowledge, so it nauseates me to have to sell my musical ability. I was born with music old French family, who lived a wild life in his in my system. It was a gift of Providence. I did youth and was then soundly converted and yield- not acquire it. So I do not even deserve thanks ed his life to God and his Church, fell into the for the music. Do you thank birds for flying in hands of an Abbe who trained him to be a priest. the sky, or do the birds charge you fees for sing- After much severe training and discipline, he ing in the woods? Music is too sacred to be sold. went south into the Sahara to work among the The outrageous prices the musical celebrities Hoggar Tuaregs but was killed during the Senus- charge today truly is a crime against society. si-Tuareg revolt in 1916-17. To keep my conscience free from contamina- Cardinal Lavigerie twice sent White Father tion, I never look upon the money I earn as my priests to Christianize the Tuaregs but both par- own. It belongs to the public. It is only a fund ties were massacred. Since then the Sahara has entrusted to my care for proper disbursement. If been left to its solitude and silence; its peoples I spend the money for my personal pleasure I still grope in the dark. The Roman Catholics should feel guilty of a heinous crime. How can I tried later to establish a work in the Tuareg city squander money on myself while there is so much of Timbuctoo. A priest still lives there as a citi- misery, so much hunger in the world? To be perzen of Timbuctoo, and he is now a servant of the fectly healthy, the human body does not need Government with a wife and family. The Chris- much. We artificially create and increase our tian and Missionary Alliance of America has had needs; develop costly habits; then feel miserable work there for several years. One American when we cannot have things. missionary lady is buried there in the little cemetery, while her brave husband still labors there, I constantly endeavor to reduce my needs to the helped by others. They have initiated work mInImum. I feel morally guilty in ordering a among the Tuaregs. costly meal, for it deprives some one else of a slice of bread – some child, perhaps, of a bottle of Where are self-sacrificing young men who will milk. So many people go hungry in the world esteem it an honor tb pioneer among the descend- every day! My beloved wife feels about these things as I do. In all these years of my so-called success in music, we have not built a home for ourselves. Between it and us stand all the home- less in the world!

For the welfare of the human race – for the preservation of civilization itself, a revaluation of individual and of national success is essential.- FRITZ KREISLER, in Success Magazine.

Problems in the

By the REV. GEORGE WILLIAM WRIGHT, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands Professor in the Protestant Theological Seminary, and Pastor of Ellitlwood Church PROBLEMS are like the poor, always with us. entirely outside of the evangelical Church, and To our surprise the solution of one set of do not intend to enter. Roman Catholics use this problems often ushers in others, frequently so-called reproach to prevent the spread of evan- more numerous and more difficult than those gelical Christianity. Many in the churches deep- which preceded them. The problems in the ly desire one evangelical body in the Islands, but Philippines are not more, if indeed as much, in- thus far this has seemed impractical. Three de- volved as in many other coun- nominations have come to- tries, but they are many and gether to form what is known difficult. A nation is in process of de~ as the United Evangelical ve10pment in the Philippines. Church – the Congregational, The Influence of World The Islands have been held Presbyterian, and U nit e d Changes in the lap of the United Brethren. The union has been States for thirty~five years. eminently successful, no one The first problem run s Now the people are becoming group undertaking to dominate around the earth-the prob- restless and wish to walk the others. Other churches or lem of readjustment to chang- alone – but not economical~ groups may later unite with ing world conditions. While the Philippines are not as well ly. The evangelical Church the United E van gel i c a I equipped with modern inven- has also been growing and is Church. Unless this comes tion as America, nevertheless encountering the problems of naturally it would be likely to hosts of new things and new growth. What are these bring disunion into the pres- ideas have come in to change problems and how will they ent united body. Most of the their habits and environment. be solved? Look through denominations have, from the The islanders now travel all the eyes of Dr• Wright. beginning, accepted territorial over by autobus and spread assignments to prevent over- these new ideas and new con- lapping. Some, however, do ditions develop. not agree to such alignments. There have also The problem of national political status is not been some splits from the large denominations, new but it is now to the fore. There is friendli- and independent churches have sprung up. De- ness between the Filipinos and Americans but nominationalism is more or less a human product, many have learned to like each other personally but the so-called "crime of denominationalism" is while they do not mix racially. The national sometimes overstated.

problem is everywhere a real one, and could Education and the Educated easily become most difficult. The Filipino people feel that it is not the missionary's function to One of the most baffling of problems today is take active part in politics but both his rights educational. A short time ago many felt that and his obligation when he refuses to be drawn education would solve practically all our prob- into discussion of it. There are those-mostly lems. We know better now. It has brought treoutside the church-who insist that the mission- mendous problems of its own. While the world ary must declare himself to be in sympathy with has not quite gone mad on the subject of educa- Filipino aspirations. One thing that the Chris- tion, at least it seems obsessed over the question tian, foreign or native, should insist upon is that of "degrees." If the United States, with its vast we do not seek to nationalize Christianity, but resources, is unable to absorb all of its "degree" to Christianize nationality. product of today, what can be done with the same type of men in lands where, from the very na- The problem of denominationalism is not really ture of economic conditions, it will be possible serious in the Philippines. The greatest criticism to absorb only a few. The cure has not been on this point often arises from those who are [319]

discovered. Evidently the rage must rage on affairs, rather than follow the leadership of a until perchance it spends itself. pastor. Gradually, however, it has begun to be appreciated that a man who has been well trained We would not deny an education to young peo- and who can give his whole time to the work of ple. We would be distressed if they did not want the ministry will serve a congregation more efit. The extension of private high schools has al- fectively, both in the pulpit and in the homes, ready become a present necessity. The Govern- than would the lay church officers. But a pastor ment, once so sure of its educational program, who is lacking in education is not wanted, and a has itself begun to discuss the failure to develop well-trained pastor is hard to hold. How far moral character in its students. It has been so should the mission go in helping to provide proper careful not to allow sectarianism to enter into salaries? The situation is complicated by the the teaching of the schools that it now wonders fact that many independent congregations have whether its influence has not been against re- sprung up with no paid ministry. ligion altogether. Today the educated young man is in danger of becoming an increasing menace There are decided differences of opinion in reto society. Far more than the church people are gard to the question of self-support. It is an now asking whether one can leave out all religion extremely difficult problem but there is marked out of education and yet teach morality. A progress in many places. It is hard to manage prominent business man in Manila employing a self-support anywhere without a vigilance prothousand clerks, said not long ago: "If you mis- gram. sionaries cannot turn us out moral young men, the case is hopeless, for the public schools cer- Now Filipinos are for the most part poor. As tainly cannot do it." in the apostles' day, not many of the rich seem called. Under Roman Catholic tutelage they were The Problem of the Church not accustomed to give outright for church sup- port but paid for various church rites and privi- Missionary work in the Philippines, in rela- leges. Pastors need to urge their people to recogtion to the Filipino Church, has passed through nize the duty of supporting the church. Laymen two stages and is now in the third stage, which are being educated to the right idea, but it is a is the most difficult one of all. The first stage slow process. When a young man can easily comwas one marked by curiosity. The Filipinos mand a much larger support as a teacher, or Y. wondered what the Americans had to offer them M. C. A. secretary or welfare worker than as a in religion. After being accustomed to the Roman pastor he feels humiliated to plead for what Catholic faith for over three hundred years, they seems asking money for his own needs. Is it wanted to know what might be the difference in strange that many capable young men are not a Protestant nation. inclined to take pastorates when their support for wife and children is uncertain? Many sin- Then came the building stage when those who cerely desire to preach the Gospel but of late listened in seriousness became converted and young men who have been in training for the many were moved with deep desire to spread the ministry seem to slip away just as they finally Gospel. The new faith made strong appeal with face their life work. Graduation precipitates the the open Bible, the fellowship of its service, and crisis. These young men often are happy to serve the opportunity for participation in the manage- in mission schools and do not seem to lose their ment of church affairs. Church organizations evangelistic fervor but bring their students into were effected, and were cared for by the deacons, personal contact with Christ. elders, and other church officers who did much of the preaching themselves. The little churches in the provinces are com- posed of very lovable folk. They need pastors. Then followed the period of strengthening and Could the passion of the Master enter deep into development with the training work which from the souls of these young men, the people would occasional Bible training courses grew into a full rejoice. No less emphasis should be put upon a fledged theological seminary. The curriculum is good education but evangelization must be the now practically complete, and students are taking watchword of the day. In some places the misboth the longer and shorter courses. The prob- sionary may need to undertake pioneer work all lem now is not one of training but of settlement over again. He must ever burn with the Master's as pastors of churches. passion to save the lost and wandering sheep and bring them into the fold. Many of the evangelists of the first and second stages were able preachers but knew nothing of The doors of opportunity for helpful, loving pastoral work. The people at that time would service abound. The prospects are bright if we hardly have understood it and did not understand are ready to look up and move forward. the advantages of a pastor. Even today a number of congregations prefer to manage their own

"Noble Jo" of Kobe*

By MRS. ROY SMITH, Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South O NE of the greatest privileges that comes to hundred and fifty little children in her kinder- one who lives and works in the Orient is garten, most of them with pitiful stories, cling to meeting and knowing some of the great her skirts and run to her with shining faces as personalities, only a few of whom are known in she shows the visitor through the plant. Many a Western lands. . . . Many a visitor to Kobe has foreign visitor thinks her name is "Noble Jo."

said, "I shall remember Kobe because of Mrs. J 0." How well her name fits her!

"Never shall I forget Mrs. Jo's face." How she The courage required for a woman to accom- laughed when she was told that more than one plish what Mrs. Jo has done is remarkable. She had said, "She is so homely she is beautiful." came to Kobe when her husband died, a year after They have compared her to a fine old oak tree- their marriage, a widow with a little son; with- buffeted by the winds and storms but standing out a sen. She became the matron of a small with grace and strength in old age to afford pro- orphans' asylum at a salary of 16 yen a month and tection and shelter for the weak. They have said added a department for old men and women. Soon that she is like an old sailing vessel in the harbor, the police found her out and began to bring to her beaten by the waves and winds but standing so women and girls who were wandering the streets picturesque and fine as to be etched and used for of Kobe and for whom they had no help or refuge.

engravings. Tall and gaunt and with a swinging She was so singularly successful in her dealings walk strange for a Japanese woman, she has be- with them that her time was almost entirely filled come a well-known figure in Kobe to Japanese and with this 'rescue work. She came to know the foreigners alike. Some may at first fail to ad- awful need and she could not sleep for thinking of mire her masculine stride and mannerisms but these women without home or friends.

when they learn that for eighteen years the police One day, a letter came from an old farmer in of Kobe have relied on her to help them meet America who had heard of her work through some their problems with women and girls, and that returned missionary; he sent her five yen, saying over 5,000 would-be suicides have come to her that it was very small but that he hoped it would after reading her sign-boards, they forget every- help her in this work. It was a large sum to her thing but the greatness of the woman. then and she felt the responsibility of it so truly The wife of the principal of a Girl's High School that she went to Mt. Maya to think and pray. She in Kobe remembers her when she came ~o Kobe stayed there three nights and days in prayer and forty-three years ago at the age of 18 years, a when she came down she came to give her life and schoolgirl from Matsuyama. Mrs. E. said that to persuade others to give of their means to estab- Jo Nobu came to the home of her uncle, who was lish a home for the unfortunate run-away women running for some political office in Hyogo Prefec- and girls that had come to Kobe from all over ture, to make stump speeches for him. Clad in a Japan. She began to canvass for enough money boy's dark hakama and with her face lit with zeal to start. The answer came with many small gifts she made a stirring speech. It was quite the fash- from people who could not resist her appeal. She ion then for women to be interested in politics. trudged up and down the hills of Kobe for months, I remember my uncle asking her if she ever ex- carrying a tiny five-sen notebook, in which she had pected to be married and she answered, "I haven't pasted her purpose, which said "I Nobu J 0 wish time for such foolishness now." Later Mrs. E. to provide a place in Kobe for the women who are moved to Korea and was much surprised to hear homeless, or in such trouble that they must either that JoNobu had married and had a little son. take their lives or sell their bodies. I wish to She has kept that same masculine bearing but erect a building and maintain a home for them with it she has become "Mother" to 20,000 women until they can obtain work or learn to be selfwho have felt the grip of her hand and the warmth supporting. And I wish to teach them new hope of her heart as she has helped them out of their through God, who is Love, and Salvation through troubles and shared her home with them. One His Son, Jesus Christ." That was her platform and loyally has she stood for it. She did not even • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly for January. waver when a Kobe man offered her 20,000 yen 1933.

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if she would use it with the condition that the The response to this sign was unbelievable.

work should not be done in the name of Christ. Not only those who went there to take their lives In 1916 Jo Nobu rented a house and advertised came to her, but hundreds of others who saw no- widely through the police, and posters at wharves tices about the sign in the newspapers. Scores and stations, stating that she would give help to came for sympathy and found Christ. What any women or girls who were in trouble. The re- stories she can tell! They are too intimate and sults were so striking that her Kobe friends or- private and heart-rending to repeat. Wives cast ganized the Kobe Women's Welfare Association- out by concubines, girls running away from "Do Jo Kwai." A board was formed of Japanese brothels where they had been sold, children kid- and foreign women and from the beginning it has napped by shows, women beaten by drunken hus- been splendidly organized and supported. In 1918 bands, wives displaced by jealous mothers-in-law, she bought land and built a house at the cost of a girl brought by a repentant man who had bought 7,050 yen and was able to take care of 20 women. her to take care of him while he died of tubercu- In 1922 she added four rooms and a chapel at a losis, girls hiding from the police, the wives and further cost of 6,800 yen. Being so pressed for children of murderers and pickpockets and room and coveting a better neighborhood for her thieves. Over 5,000 girls have come to Jo Nobu family she dared, in 1926, to sell out and build a because of those sign-boards. (Now such signs big home in Harada. The new Home includes a are copied and put up by welfare organizations girls' and women's department where they are other than Christian.) The records show 2,751 taught domestic science and sewing and are pre- women and girls have lived in the Home for a pared for positions as maids-a mother's depart- time while they have been readjusting their lives.

ment with ten tiny apartments, each consisting of There are some eighty living with her all the time.

one room and a tiny kitchen, where a woman with It costs over 15,000 yen every year to run this children can live and take care10f her own. There institution on the most economical lines.

is a children's department where one finds a very Mrs. Jo's friends rejoice that during the past well equipped kindergarten for 150 in which the few years her work has been recognized by the mothers can leave their children. Her newest public and the government. . . . Officials recogventure is a small dormitory in Rokko where nize her as a woman of rare judgment and comworking girls, on a salary too small to live de- mon sense and ability. To this she adds a heart cently, can have a Christian home. of love and a spirit so Christlike that it wins rich The thing for which Mrs. Jo is best known in and poor, high and low.

the Kwansei district is the "WAIT A MINUTE" Besides running this big Home and giving unsign-boards that she has erected, electrically limited time to the personal side of every case, lighted and put up at places where there are fre- Mrs. J 0 is in demand all the time to speak in quent suicides. The first one was erected in Suma. purity and prohibition campaigns. During the It is a curious fact that in Japan people choose a last three months she made 18 lecture trips. When fashionable place for suicide. Young men and at Omi Imazu she spoke for three hours to an women go from all over Japan, and even from audience of over 1,000 people who stayed till Shanghai and Manila and Hongkong, to throw eleven 0'clock, asking questions as to the way in themselves into the crater of Aso or Asama or to which they might clean up their town. She speaks jump from the Kegon waterfall at Nikko. Suma, so courageously against the brothel and all forms a beautiful suburb of Kobe on the seashore, has of exploitation that she is often attacked by ruflong had a reputation as a suicide pact spot. A fians after her meetings and threatened by brothel factory girl first set the fashion and the papers keepers and liquor-sellers. Eighteen times she wrote it up so luridly that a stream of people, one has been attacked seriously. Absolutely without every day and often two, came to this spot to take fear she attacks anything or anyone that drags their lives until the police were in despair. (Here down the womanhood of her country. In many the fast trains go around a sharp curve at a place places they have advertised her as the "Woman especially beautiful for its scenery. Seascape and Kagawa." mountain make their last look at the fair earth a dream of heaven.) Mrs. Jo was so desperate at Forty-two years ago at the Matsuyama Girl's this condition that she consulted officials and School this Nobu Jo was baptized, led to her deci- Christian workers and put up a huge sign-board sion by one of the first missionaries to Japan, Mrs. reading: Cunnison, whose name is hardly known now. Where would the unusual strength and ability of "WAIT A MINUTE – GOD Is LOVE – IF this unusual girl have taken her without this You FEEL THAT You MUST TAKE YOUR guidance? Where would the thousands of women LIFE, WHY NOT COME AND TALK IT OVER and girls off the streets of Kobe have found a WITH Jo NOBU." mother and a home?

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Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home , i EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-=——~~~-=======-'-'–~~~_~=—–~–=I4ii)'

OUR SUMMER SURVEY As a means to the foregoing adult mISSIOn study is neither ends, saturate the planning wholesome nor profitable. Mis- The time draws near for mis- board with the best of the new sionary information and missionary planners to don their literature, inclusive of the study sionary giving are the Siamese distance glasses and I 0 0 k books, so that they may inte- Twins of the cause. And don't thoughtfully over the field of grate the local themes and meth- forget at least one interdenominext year's endeavor-taking ods with the plans for the cur- national gathering for fellow- "summer vacation" rather than rent year. As it is manifestly ship and the exchange of plans Jan. 1 as the equatorial bound- impracticable for every member and ideas. "The Best Thing We ary. Autumn is the well-nigh to read all the books, assign cer- Have Tried This Year" would universal birthday for new Year tain tasks to different individuals be a fertile topic for discussion. Books: and summer leisure, con- well in advance, so that the ventions and conferences afford eventual planning shall be syn- 6. Plan for unique invitations, opportunity for fresh plans and thetic and cooperative rather posters, souvenirs, where the a new outlook. What are some than a rubber-stamping of the latter are used. The business of the high lights worth incor- leader's ideas. After due atten- world should not be given the porating? tion to the foregoing fundamen- monopoly of the art of advertis- tals, invoke all the natural aids ing. It pays inside the church 1. As a prime prerequisite, possible to make the planning at- as well as outside. see to it that your planning com- tractive. "The best is none too mittee realizes the paramount good." To that end, note the 7. Choose a dominant theme importance of the task-not as following: to be played up to through the an adjunct to Christian work year or a definite period, using but the Church's supreme en- 2. Strive for artistry and its variations in picturesque deavor without which it has no literary quality in the make-up ways calling for a play of imagijustification for considering it- of your Year Book or other nation on a groundwork of facts self more than a club or frater- printed activating material. and ideals. There is no question nal order. Use preparatory Worthful things are much more about the attractiveness as well means to give the committee effective if pleasing. as the value of sequence. The membership the far vision and kangaroo is an undesirable masthe inclusive spirit-the whole 3. Expel the Faithful Tradi- cot for the missionary society, world for the field, the whole tionalists and live up to your own landing this week on China and human family as the brother- membership in the Anti-Rut So- next week amidst the islands of hood, the missionary working ciety by aiming at freshness, the Seven Seas. Follow, if pospersonnel cooperating freely out- variety, change rather than du- sible, the dominant theme for the side of denominational corrals. plication. How many program current year and thus conserve One hears too much of "the tri- committees are expert manifold- the values of the helps exploited umphs of our Baptist work," ers of "the usual"! in missionary publications. This "our Methodist work," "our will involve keeping abreast of Presbyterian work," when it 4. Plan for recognition of the times and recognizing to should be "the triumphs of our special seasons and red letter some extent at least the year's Master's work." A discriminat- days. Timeliness is always dou- study and reading books, even ing study of the Laymen's In- bly acceptable. if a definite period in the church quiry, "Re-Thinking Missions," year is set apart for a School of (in conjunction with Dr. Speer's 5. Arrange the year's schedule Missions. "Re-Thinking Missions Exam- to include joint meetings of variined") is calculated to remedy ous missionary units in the 8. Take pains to coordinate short-sightedness and denomi- church so there may be mutual sub-themes, devotionals, music,. national clannishness. Then we appreciation and teamwork. If news items and refreshments or should pray sincerely for divine you have daytime sessions, as in luncheons, if any, with your guidance in shaping plans not the case of Women's Societies, dominant keynote. merely ex post facto blessing hold an occasional evening meetupon them. ing to include family groups and 9. Choose carefully the per- especially "the men folk." The sonnel for the various plans and usual feminine monopoly of programs, aiming not only to [323]

give all the membership tasks sionaries should read "God's country was revealed.) Her and recognition, but the assign- Candlelights" because of its hostess tactfully led her to re- ments for which nature seems to beauty and charm . . . and alize that if God were the Father have fitted them. "Where does again and again with question- of Africans as well as of herself, he fit?" "In what does she ex- ing as to whether there is not we must be brothers and sisters, cel ?" These queries should be being disclosed a more excellent and she finally went home re- expertly answered. way." The ensuing passage tells solved to think the matter over Lastly, make a place in the how the new idea of the Holy and do her best to change her planning for an annual presen- Spirit was taught on the back- instinctive attitude of mind.

tation of missionary magazines ground of the African's natural (This is not unusual.) and solicit new subscriptions in idea of the Great Spirit, and the A PROGRAM: LIGHT FOR THE an atmosphere of specially cre- catechism was made to read, "I DARK CONTINENT. As an adverated interest. Except for actual believe in the Chief Jesus Christ tisement poster use a darkened contacts with missionary work- and in His law," etc. "The aim outline map of Africa (or black ers, no means of awakening and was so to present the Christian cut-out pasted on light ground) , sustaining interest compares faith to the community and to with the frequent reading of at- the individual that they see it a yellow candle built or sketched tractive missionary literature. not as the White Man's religion in at point where emphasis is to Plans for unique presentations be placed. Inscription: "Come of the magazines will be found but as the fulfilment of that to- to our candle-lighting service in the April, (1932), and April, wards which their fat her s (1933), issues of this depart- groped-a way of life not and hear about lives that have ment. Special suggestions for through foreign 1and s but been great lights in darkest programs and Year Book building were given in May, June and through the familiar ways of Africa." As a visualization at December, (1932). Every issue their own thought and habit. the service, use a large candecontains tried-and-proved-good Christianity is a gradual expan- labrum or group of candles cenplans which you may well ponder. It is nothing short of crimi- sion of life in all of its mani- tered by a tall white one. When nal waste to let past copies of festations, whether lived in the meeting is called to order, de- THE REVIEW go the way of the village, in a European town or "01' rags, 01' paper" collector! in the large mine compound. . .. votional leader takes her place without announcement saying, The Year's Study Themes Through the African love of "I represent the Headlight on dancing and pageant and plays this program to illumine the way GOD'S CANDLELIGHTS. In The the Gospel story is impressed." through the Dark Continent." South African Outlook, (Febru- Lights central candle and anary, 1933), a "Challenge in Mis- A wealth of concrete illustra- nounces hymn, "The Light of the sionary Methods" is sounded tions impresses the lesson of this which may well be considered book that "Christianity is not World Is Jesus." Calls on audiby all pastors and missionary another cataclysmic change, not ence for Scripture verses menleaders regardless of the specific tioning Light. (Have a few pretheme under discussion, for it still more of the White Man's viously prepared.) Prayer for wisdom and cunning, but some- thing essentially theirs." Can more human candlelights in the needy land. you get this viewpoint across to your constituency in the next Program leader as Keeper of few months? the Lights then comes forward and impresses need for immedi- incorporates one of the sugges- AFRICA IN YOUR HOME. This ate illumination to keep pace tions in the much-discussed "Re- was a demonstration given by with the new commercialism and Thinking Missions." The writer two women, one of whom had no industrialism that are exploiting says, in part: use for Africans or African the vast continent. Gives basic "Within recent years the de- products, resenting having her facts briefly. Summons first mand has become more and more coal delivered by a Negro or ac- Candle-Bearer who will shed the insistent that the role of the mis- cepting a laundress who proved Light of Evangelism (lights sionary is not to destroy but to to be of that race. She discarded from central candle a red one, fulfil what is good in primitive her rubbers when told of the to represent this speaker) .

Africa. The life of the African vast output of the raw material Second Candle-Bearer similarly is essentially social and based on from Africa, put back a half- receives blue candle and speaks tribal conditions and customs; eaten chocolate on hearing how on the Light of Education.

therefore everything that is much chocolate was shipped Third, with yellow candle, gives good in the African's heritage from Africa, and even a diamond talk on the Light of the Healer should be conserved, enriched ring given her by her husband (medical missions). Mus i c, and ennobled by contact with the lost its attraction when the "Send Out Thy Light." The spirit of Christ. Many have source of diamonds was made Searchlight speaker is next sumwished for a fuller account than known. The cotton in her dress, moned to peer into the future has hitherto appeared of the life the palm-olive soap, her piano (needs, new methods, etc.) . Proand work there, and their desire keys, etc., all came in for like gram may conclude with prayer has been met by the publication disfavor. (Thus artfully our or else a beautiful candIe-lightof "God's Candlelights." Mis- economic dependence upon that ing ceremony in which audience

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

files past candelabrum and "It will be pioneering for me "You're one of 'God's Candle- lights tiny candles while they indeed," said one of the "Eastern lights' (A), my child," said the sing, "Send the Light," or sim- Women" (A), "but I am quite old gentleman kindly. "If you ilar hymn. willing to 'Follow the Leader' burn faithfully in your little (J) as we explore 'The Chris- corner, you may do as much good Introducing New Literature tian Mission in America' (A)." as we older folk in ours." Our hearty country luncheon This should be a dominant "Yes," spoke up an earnest- was finished by this time, and note in the summer or early au- faced business man, "this tour after signing "The Yellow tumn program of church, mis- affords me a long-coveted oppor- Friendly Book" (P) in which a sionary society, denominational tunity to make my own survey record of all tourists was kept, convention or associational gath- of 'Christianity and Industry in we were again on our way. The ering. Send for the descriptive America' (A), which involves busy afternoon was marred by catalogue listing by grade and one of the severest practical only one unpleasant incident, tests to which the teachings of when some of the party became subject the study and reading the Carpenter of Nazareth can books published by the Mission- be subjected." faint from flying at such an altiary Education Movement, in- tude when crossing the Rocky cluding those issued jointly with "I am glad to see some young Mountains and inquired anxious- people among my passengers," ly, "'How Far to the Nearest the Council of Women for Home remarked the pilot as the plane Doctor?'" (I). The dizziness Missions, addressing your de- hummed merrily along over soon disappeared however. meadows and mountains, almost nominational department of mis- droWning even his hearty voice. Each succeeding day brought sionary education or the Mis- "They must be the 'Builders of a sionary Education Movement, New World' (Y)-and a far bet- its meed of information. "'So 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. ter one we hope. 'Today's Youth This Is Missions,'" (Y) ex- Then try using the following and Tomorrow's World' (S)- story presented by some en- that's our hope for 'Christianitv claimed the man from Missouri, thusiastic leader (given from and the Health of the World' as we landed in Los Angeles for a few days of rest before beginnotes, not read), in which nearly (I) ." ning the second week. "When all the new volumes prepared for we embarked I thought I was study and supplementary read- Our first landing was made at launching on a foolish quest, ing are incorporated. At the noon somewhere in a backwoods mention of each book have region of the South which a just because I had promised my someone step promptly forward pastor to make a first hand inon the platform, holding up the much-traveled elderly man said vestigation of an enterprise almost made him think he was volume, or, if not all those men- "In the African Bush" (J) again, which I deemed neither profittioned are at hand, using a pla- especially as the luncheon sum- able nor promising. It now apcard, poster or replica of the mons from the cook shack was "The Call Drum" (P) in the peals to me as being in every book cover. Have the partici- hands of a little negro lad. "'If way the best worthwhile investpants fall into groups accord- I Lived in Africa'" (J), added ment of time, money and life the genial traveler, "'The Chil- which a Christian can possibly ing to the graded classifications, dren of the Chief' (P) would make. To the limit of my ability adult studies in one group, young people's in another, etc. In the I will now back the Enterprise following story, the books for of the Great Commission."

adults are designated (A) ; young gather around and watch me, Other good methods for prepeople (Y) ; seniors (S) ; inter- wide-eyed, as I wielded my mediates (1) ; juniors (J) ; pri- senting study and reading books mary (P); and beginners (B). knife and fork-implements as are given in the February, 1932, awkward for them as 'Wee issue of this department, as fol- Wong's' (B) chopsticks once lows: Dramatizing the Reading Voyage of the Airplane, proved for me. I really grew List; Around Our Library "Goodwill" very fond of 'Kembo; a Little Table, or The Animated Cata- Girl of Africa' (B), and I be- logue, with reporters sitting "All aboard!" called the pilot lieve she might have grown into around a library table and in cheery tones as our party of a fine Christian woman if she brought into action by a libra- "Pioneers of Goodwill" (I) stood could have become one of your rian, or else having the various around the capacious airship ad- 'Child Neighbors in America' publications come to life and miring its graceful lines. "We (P) "-addressing the alert lit- speak in the first person; the must get started while the visi- tle girl who was proving the life Recipe for a Delicious Literature bility is high if we would carry of our party. "You would know Cake, the last-named being a the 'Good News Across the better how to entertain her than very snappy presentation of all Continent' (I), of 'The Never I did, my dear, for it is remark- the new material, at the opening Fading L i g h t' (A). We're able how 'Young America Makes of the autumn schedule. What- ever the plan, get the new liter- 'Craftsmen All' (A), but to some Friends' (J)." of you this will be a new experi- "I'm afraid, Sir," said the lit- ature into action early in your ence as you 'Meet Your United tle girl modestly, "that I couldn't organizational year, and then States' (I) at near range." shine very far for Jesus yet." watch it work!

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BULLETIN OF i The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~i"""'~~-=——==—–=—~……..~——-==—-~~~-==–=—-=—–~~, CONTINUE IN PRAYER heavy; her whole life must be a have done individually and col- lectively has brought us to these "Continue in prayer and watch d e d i cat ion. The desire to days, called depressing and dark. in the same with thanksgiving," strengthen home ties, to enrich as the Apostle Paul has said in home associations and to lift The opening chapter of Dr. his letter to the Colossians, is a home aspirations comes just by Kerr's book is named "The Ever springtime message in the setting the worthy example at Challenging Gospel." The closcombination of "watch" and our own firesides, and by estab- ing paragraph outlines the sub- "thanksgiving." lishing our own family altar." ject matter of the book.- Another has said that we Prayer: Our loving and all- This is the Christian mission in should pray hardest when it is America. It is the effort to share hardest to pray. In all our pray- wise Heavenly Father we come Christ with all men whatever their ing and in all our watching and to Thee with hearts full of grati- race or religion. It is not set for waiting it is profitable that we tude thanking Thee for Thy battle against any man or against search our hearts and be grate- any man's faith; it is consecrated to ful that we are God's children, gracious care, thanking Thee for the task of giving him the best we grateful that Jesus Himself has Thy willing forgiveness and for have—Jesus Christ. This book is an invited us to follow Him, grate- Thy greatest gift-Christ, our attempt to show with what success ful for His amazing declara- Saviour. We live and have our this effort has been carried forward. tion,- being in Thy love. For our for- In this first chapter the moral wrong- ness of our modern world and the Ye did not choose me, but I getfulness and for our wander- adequacy of the Gospel to meet this chose you, and appointed you, ings we ask Thy forgiveness. moral wrongness have been set forth. that ye should go and bear fruit, For our worries and for all our This is primary, for before there can and that your fruit Ishould thoughtlessness t hat h a v e be any enthusiasm for missions there abide: that whatsoever ye shall dimmed our vision of Thy loving must be enthusiasm for the Gospel ask of the Father in my name, itself. The second chapter interprets he may give it you. face we claim Thy forgetfulness. the faith of the fathers and enquires May Thy peace and prayer be whether their children have kept that And the nth e significant upon our homes and with our faith. The third chapter analyzes the principles which compelled the expan- children and with all men and sion of Christianity in the early women everywhere. In His Church and endeavors to show that Name we pray. Amen.

searching command- THE CHRISTIAN MISSION these same principles are operative in These things I command you our modern world. The fourth chap- IN AMERICA ter considers some phases of the that ye may love one another. Church's task in transmitting the "There is a direct implication The very first sentence in Gospel to the younger generation and Hugh T. Kerr's book, "The opens interesting questions concernfor the inspiration of the home Christian Mission in America,"* ing the loyalty of youth to Christ builder and the home lover in speaks of "a moving of the dawn and the Church. The fifth chapter these words of the Master and in wind as if the morning were at examines the charter of the Christian the call to prayer. The corner- hand . . . Disillusioned as to Church and enquires into its allestone of the home is the family economic security and social giance to its message and mission. It altar and the very life of the progress there is confident hope seeks to present an apologia for the nation rises from the spiritual that the night is far spent and Church of today. The last chapter foundation of its homes," writes the day is at hand." introduces the reader to the inspiring Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, president motive and sustaining power of all of the Council of Women for More than one person may ask, missionary work-the cross of Christ, Home Missions. "What shall we Christians do which is in our age as in every age about it?" If the answer is the power and the wisdom of God. "What are we doing to build "Study, and think before actand to rebuild the American ing," the question comes back, WORLD PEACE AND THE Christian home? Here is a fair ''We have studied and we have question. Certainly more real thought, to what purpose? Let's CHRISTIAN CITIZEN preparation is needed. do something." Surely what we A program for church women "There will be few to question • To be publlsbed In May by Council or prepared by Mrs. Thomas Conthe statement that the mother's 'Vomen for Home Missions and MiSSionary yngton and Mrs. Pierson P. Harvocation is the greatest of all. Education Movement. ris of the Mid-Atlantic Confer- Her task, her burden is very ence, Congregational-Christian Women's Association.

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WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

I. Opening Service. III. Moral Disarmament-The into the faces of the world Hymn-O God of Love, 0 Disarmed Mind (Service through the light of Christ's re- King of Peace, (Tune of worship to be held at gard for personality, that we Hesperus). the close of a meeting for lose all sense of race rivalry and Scripture-Micah 4: 1-6; World Peace). hatred of alien skin and feat- Ephesians 4: 1-6. Call to Worship ures of ours as the superior hu- Prayer. manity and gain the desire to II. The wolf shall dwell with the grasp the hands of "our broth- Study Program. ers." Moral disarmament cannot ldaomwb~ and the leopard shall lie come through debate, or through A. Interdependence of with the kid; and the calf pages of figures, or through eco- Nations – economic; nomic necessity alone. When we political; social (mat- and the young lion and the fat- see personality shining through ters of health, use of the external, when we see that drugs, etc.); cul- ling together; and a little child personality as God's supreme tural. concern,-then only will we "dis- shall lead them. (Isaiah 11: 6). arm the hearts,"-then only will B. War Machinery – we realize that armaments, sus- counteracting peace In hearts too young for enmity picions, and prejudi~es which lead inevitably to conflIct, cannot progress, – ArI?Y There lies the way to make men free. be. We must make this a moral and Navy eqUIp- issue; we must make folks un- ment; munitions; When children's friendships are world- derstand that brother cannot power of organized kill brother any more than he war forces as ex- wide can violate other great moral pressed in personal interests, armament New ages will be glorified. laws. Do you remember Henry van interests, and R. o. Let child love child, and strife will Dyke's story of "Th~ H~ro and T. C. (Reserve Offi- cease; . Tin Soldiers" found III hIS book, c e r s' T r a i n i n g "The Valley of Vision"? It con- Corps) . Disarm the hearts, for that IS peace. cerns Captain Walter Mayne, C. Peace Machinery – home from war for Christmas working toward a Hymn: Choice of the following Day. One leg was gone 3;nd ~e negotiated rat her was ill but he was home WIth hIS than an enforced or a similar one, if these are family. When his eldest s<?n peace as expressed not· in hymn book: in – League of Na- came in with a big box. of tIll tions ; World Court; 1. These Things Shall Be-A soldiers sent by Aunt EmIly, the Nine – Pow~r Pact; Loftier Race. (No. 293 in The father said to the child, "You Kellogg – B ria n d have lots of other toys, you Pact (Stimson inter- New Hymnal for American know. Would you give the sol- pretation) . Youth.) D. Obligation of Chris- diers to me?" tian Citizens- 2. At Length There Dawns a Glorious Day. (No. 286 in The The child looked up at him 1. As voters, know puzzled for a moment; then a the position of candi- New Hymnal for American flash of comprehension passed dates on internation- over his face and he nodded val- al as well as national Youth.) iantly. "Sure, father, ~ou'~~ the affairs. Let them Captain; keep the soldIers. know yours. 3. In Christ There Is No East Then Captain Mayne burned 2. Make use of the or West. (No. 299 in The New power of public opin- Hymnal for American youth.) the soldiers and said to the pas- ion. Thought for the Day. (To be given by the Leader.) Recently I found a poem that was written soon after the World War, called "German Prisoners."

When first I saw you in the curious street I,ike some platoon of soldier ghosts in grey, . My mad impulse was all to smIte and slay, , To spit upon you-tread you neath my feet.

But when I saw how each sad soul did greet My gaze with no sign or defiant frown, .. How from tired eyes looked SPIritS broken down, tor sitting near by: 3. Unite with oth- er organizations in How each face showed the pale flag "If ever I find my little boy support of legisla- playing with tin soldiers, I shall tion helpful to the of defeat . spank him wel~. No, tha.t would And doubt, despair and disillUSIOn- ment, And how were grievous wounds on not be quite faIr, would It? But cause of Peace. many a head, And on your garb red-faced was other I shall tell him why he must not 4. Cooperate fully do it and I shall make him un- with all local groups red, derstand that it's an imp?ssible working in definite And how you stooped as men whose thing." ways for the further- strength was spent, I knew that we had suffered each as ance of international "I shall make him understand understanding. other, that it's an impossible thing." And could have grasped your hand 5. Continue study and cried, "My Brother!" Morally impossible! We, too, of international as -Joseph Lee. must find war morally impossi- well as national af- "When first I saw-how each ble. We, too, must have moral fairs. face!" It is only when we look disarmament. Our W orld~wide Outlook ~—===A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts—=I~'

AFRICA only one small rag to wear, gave Christian work among women him his only sin g let. This and girls 1" VVhat One Leper Did Christian boy who is an orphan, Visiting East Africa Through the g i f t s of the A mer i can Mission to Lepers, remembered when he himself nine brick cottages have been constructed to form a leper col- wan d ere d hopelessly about, Rev. W. S. Nelson of Tripoli, ony near Central Hospital at Elat, West Africa. L e per s sometimes insufficiently clad and Syria, writes of a visit to Ugancleared the ground, made the often hungry. da. A missionary who had brick and served as carpenters served there for 36 years told and masons under the direction -C. M. S. Outlook. of the American Presbyterian Mission. The Hospital Report A Congo Memory Contest him that when he first went to for 1932 tells of one leper, who, Uganda there were about 8,000 single handed, has been going In a preparatory school of the Christians in the state, while into neighboring villages doing Congo, where 12 men from Lolo now the enrolled Protestants are personal work with those who and 16 from Vungu had been in a quarter of a million, with an never attend church services. school for one year, the book of equal number of Catholics. In He has been used of God in win- Colossians was chosen for the a total population of three milning forty-five souls to Christ. Bible study, and a goal was set lion there are only 65,000 Mos- Other lepers, closely associated for each man to commit the with him; report sixty-two more whole book to memory. Some lems, so the Christian numbers that this one leper has brought read with difficulty, but there show a relatively large proporto a saving knowledge of Jesus was a remarkable measure of tion. There is a finely equipped Christ last year, thus making a success. Of ten participants Mengo Hospital operated by the total of 107 souls won. four received a perfect mark and the reward, a small French C. M. S. It has about 160 beds -Drum Call. Testament. After a competitor in all departments. As it has made four mistakes he was out the only X-ray in Uganda it VValk 140 Miles to School of the running. does all tbis kind of work for the in Africa -Congo Mission News. government h 0 s pit a I as well. Every effort is concentrated up- Five tribes are represented in the Boys' Agricultural Mission on efficient service. The visitor School at Katoke, British East Africa. There are fifty boarders Practical Progress in Angola can now travel in comfort and a village school with forty- through a region where less than five boys. Twenty-five boys Dr. H. S. Hollenbeck of the a century ago were dense jungles came on foot'from Bugufi, a dis- American Boa r d Mission at and savage men and beasts. tance of about 140 miles. Some Sachikela, West Central Africa, set out with just a thin cloth -Presbyterian Advance. and no blanket, and with only describes the Native Church as sufficient food to last two or three days. The journey takes practical and progressive, grow- Har.tzell School's New about eight days or more. The ing steadily in membership and Building natives in these parts are not maintaining its enthusiasm. To hospitable and will not ordinarily provide for and lodge a prove the point he compares the As a memorial to Bishop J 0stranger for a night. The boys simply trusted in God to help subjects for discussion at the seph C. Hartzell of the Methothem and all arrived safely. One was a boy of about eight. A Foreign Missions Conference at dist Episcopal Church there has Christian boy in the school, seeing that this little fellow had Atlantic City and those in An- been completed at Old Umtali, gola. At Atlantic City: "(a) Rhodesia, a new educational Village agriculture and indus- building for the Hartzell Train- try; (b) Health and hygiene in ing School, to train pastor-teach- villages; (c) Mass education; ers for Christian service. In (d) Specialized service for wom- 1900, Bishop Hartzell opened en and girls." The Native the work at Old Umtali and later Church agenda: "(a) How can under Bishop Johnson it spread the Church help make the med- until today the Rhodesia Mis- ical work more effective in the sion Conference has four dis- village?; (b) What can we do to tricts. The Christian commu- improve our agriculture?; (c) nity numbers 7,500, and there How can we encourage larger at- are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils tendance at school?; (d) What in n i net y schools. Hartzell steps can we take to promote Training School is the chief cen- [328]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ter for these four districts. Ra- Iraq Missions the injustice and evils of caste diating from here, the Christian With its entry into the League is going forward. As one result workers enter a territory of of Nations as an independent a proposal has been made by 62,500 square miles-the size of kingdom, Iraq has attained a de- some of the Hindu priests that the states of New York, New gree of publicity, and has shown a purification ceremony for out- Jersey and Massachusetts. some evidence of becoming in castes may be introduced to solve reality what it is in name. As the problem of permitting them -Christian Advocate. conditions to entrance into the to use the temples. The tide League, Iraq gave several guar- seems to be turning in favor of WESTERN ASIA antees, two of which affect mis- the removal of untouchability, a sions. One is freedom of con- curse which has for so long kept Bible Readers in Bible Lands science and worship, and the 60,000,000 Hindus in bondage free exercise of religious, edu- and poverty, ignorance and dis- The Bible Society has provided pair. funds to translate the Bible into cational and medical activities of A r a b i c and Armenian. The all denominations subject to the Bible Readers Association has maintenance of public order and High Caste Inquirers published 2,000 leaflets annually, morality. The other is of the containing daily Bible readings equal rights of racial, religious The Alliance mission in India and linguistic minorities. reports a unique situation in as a help to Sunday-school teach- their field. A number of high ers and students. In many vil- -Outlook of Missions. caste Hindus have been attractlage schools they are used in con- ed, and come to the mission nection with the daily prayers INDIA, BURMA AND SIAM bungalow at Murtizapur (Ber- ar) almost daily to read the in the school, so that actually India's Anti-Untouchability Bible and inquire concerning the many more than 2,000 persons Movement Way of Life. They are among the most influential men in the are benefited by the leaflets. A few years ago the Hindu town, and most of them are This Society seems to persuade caste system seemed like an in- wealthy. This, together with people of all ages and of many destructible barrier to Christian their high caste, makes it exceednationalities to read a portion of progress in India. Today there ingly difficult for them to accept the Bible each day. Today the are increasing evidences that the Christ, but some of them are Society has nearly a million system is slowly crumbling. An very near the Kingdom. members in many lands, includ- All – India Anti – Untouchability ing 2,000 or more in the Near -Alliance Weekly. East.-Bible Lands S. S. News.

A New Conference Center League has been founded and Indian Church Over 100 Mahatma Gandhi's fast has stim- Since the War, C h r i s t ian ulated the movement. Now he Years Old workers in the Near East have increasingly sensed the value of has announced a new fast be- Bruce Petta church, Bellary, conferences as a means for the cause he finds that caste is a has long passed its hundredth exchange of thought and expe- greater evil than he thought. birthday. It is the mot her rience, for increasing fellowship Church of the district, and has While Mr. Gandhi has aroused Hindu public opinion and led a membership of over a hundred and sixty. Some of the older and u n d e r s tan din g among many to think of the social evils members began life as Hindus, groups of workers. It follows of untouchability, orthodox Hin- but most have been born in that a permanent conference dus have also been aroused to center, devoted exclusively to defend the ancient custom and Christian homes and have little temptation to join in H in d u this great service, is found nec- its religious basis.. They are ap- feasts or ceremonies. On the essary, and the American Pres- whole, it is an educated group; byterian Mission has granted on pealing to the British Govern- many of the young men are ment's pledge of neutrality and teachers or in government servgenerous terms a five-year lease non – interference in religious ice. Also, many of the women of a building of the Mission in matters, strongly opposing the are teachers in government or Choueir, in which the Bible Untouchability Abolition Bill, mission schools. Lands Sunday School Union pur- proposed for the Central Legisposes to conduct annually dur- lative Assembly, and the Temple ing the summer months a con- Entry Bill for Madras. The ference center, hoping it may latter, which has been disap- If contributions are evidence, meet the needs of many mis- proved by the Viceroy, would this church has grown stronger; sions, societies, churches and permit untouchables to enter the it has not only paid all its ex- individuals for physical and temples-from a Christian view- penses but contributed toward spiritual refreshment. Several point a doubtful privilege. A the Council. The disappointing conferences, conventions and in- similar bi11 has been introduced feature is that it does not grow stitutes have been tentatively into the Legislative Assembly in" by additions from the Hindu booked for this summer. Delhi. community, yet it stands for def- -Bible Lands S. S. Union In the meantime the work of inite Christianity.

Leaflet. educating the Hindu public on -The L. M. S. Chronicle.

Aid for Pariahs nothing left. Others made sim- 2. Are not Hindu temples the lowest thing in Hinduism? Since September, 1932, the ilar sacrificial gifts. ANSWER: I do not think so for Government has allowed Mahatma Gandhi freedom to carryon Vellore Medical School Opened one moment. Temples are to work connected with the remov- Hindus what churches are to al of untouchability. Statements Vellore Medical School for Christians. . . That in Hinduism and interviews that emanate Women, the institution built and we have images of stone or metfrom his prison are eagerly read equipped through the untiring al inside temples makes to me no efforts of Dr. Ida Scudder, was difference. .. Deprive a Hindu and discussed by all classes. Work formally dedicated on December of his temple and you deprive in this connection has grown so 2, 1932. Streams of visitors him of the thing he generally made their way to the scene by much in volume and value that car or cart or afoot, while red prizes most in life. .. It is my it was thought advisable to start turbaned police made sure that conviction that temples are an a weekly paper exclusively for nothing should obstruct the way integral part of Hinduism.

discussion of topics related to the removal of untouchability. for the Governor of Madras, Salvation Army Commended The first number appeared on Lord Stanley. His speech and February 11 from Poona under that of the Surgeon-G e n era 1 G e n era I Higgins, Salvation the title Harijan, meaning liter- showed how deeply the Govern- Army Chief, has made a tour of ally "God's people." Mr. Gand- ment appreciates the aid which India. When presiding over a hi, [who has just been released mission institutions, such as this, Bombay City meeting in his honfrom prison and has begun an- supply in fighting disease and or, the governor of Bombay other prolonged fast] writes ignorance. The appreciation of said: most of the articles. the patients finds its voice in It is a relief in these days of con- fusion, even opposition, between pol- -Christian Century. such testimonies as this: "Oh, I itics and religion, to find a body of Sacrificial Giving-A Spiritual always go to Vellore Mission workers who prefer work to words, Hospital. There is no other and whose policy is to devote them- Tonic where they are so kind and lov- selves entirely to the practical issues ing, or where they take such of human life. They have chosen the Rev. W. G. Menzies of the pains to look after everyone, motto of Him who "went about do- Central Provinces gives the fol- rich or poor. My mother always ing good," and who inculcated the lowing proof that financial de- went to the Big Doctor (Dr. doctrine of rendering to all their dues. pression can be a spiritual tonic: Ida) and I always go to that young woman the Big Doctor In reply General Higgins said: "Our masons, carpenters and has trained. She knows just "The four Salvation Army ofother artisans have had about what to do." ficers that originally came to Infour months' work this year. dia have increased to 4,000 com- Some of their number suggested -Christian Intelligencer. missioned officers today; and that they would do better not to where there was only one Army have a Thanksgiving on account Mr. Gandhi on Hinduism center in Bombay in the old of unemployment and h a r d days, there are today 5,000 times. The farmers of the com- The answers given to Dr. E. centers." Reviewing the Army's munity have had little or no Stanley Jones by M a hat m a history in India he mentioned hauling to do and their prices Gandhi, during a recent conver- three stages in its growth: first for grain are so low that they sation in Yeravda prison, are one of persecution, when officers cannot afford to sell it, but they thus reported by Mr. Gandhi of the Army sometimes paid for decided to have their Thanksgiv- himself in The Indian Witness their convictions with the i r ing just the same. I have never (March 2, 1933). lives; one of misrepresentation, seen more heroic giving. Fifty when it was suggested that the maunds of grain were stacked 1. Why do you not try to do work of the officers was being at the rostrum in the church. away with the caste system al- done mainly for mercenary pur- Men, women and children came together? poses; and lastly a chapter of forward and in cash laid their appreciation and praise. off e ri n g on the table. It ANSWER – Untouchability as practiced in Hinduism is a sin -Dnyanodaya. against God and man … Un- amounted to Rs. 374 and others touchability of a healthy kind is Baptisms in Burma gave to bring it up to Rs. 400. undoubtedly to be found in the This exceeds many of the offer- Shastras and it is universal in In a section of Burma where ings they have given in years all religions. It is a rule of sani- the Gospel Teams toured some that were flourishing. This has tation. .. The castes are a social three years ago there gathered come about by continual teach- institution. There is nothing by the edge of a lake about six ing on stewardship and tithing. sinful about them. .. They are to eight hundred people. Twelve There were those in our midst no bar to spiritual progress … men in white coats received one that gave the widow's mite for I am a firm believer in Varna- after another candidates for they gave all they had in their shram … (four principal castes) baptism who had already been possession. One old couple gave They are a gift of Hinduism to accepted by their churches in their last four pice each and had mankind. nearby villages. It was found

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that 353 persons had confessed weeks in the slack season, and village industries and agricul- Christ by baptism. More than to teach them to master a thou- tural cooperatives.

half came from families that had sand characters so that they can Most important of all is the found no satisfaction in Bud- read simple books written in this change of mind that has come dhism, and were now seeking it vocabulary. When they have over China's leaders who now in Christ. This was only one re- "graduated" fro m this first see that by proper programs the sult of the work of the Gospel stage they can take further· menace of recurring famines can Teams. Village pastors and the teaching in religion, improved be 0 v e r com e. Thousands of district evangelist, a leading man agricultural methods, or some square miles of fertile land are in Burma who two years ago subject allied to their particular now adequately assured of water represented the K are n s of occupation. One of the greatest through engineered irrigation Burma at the India Round Table advantages of the plan is that it works and are producing food Conferences held in Lon don, calls for active help from young, in spite of drouth while motor have been stirred up with the educated Christians. roads make possible the rapid power of the Holy Spirit. -C. M. S. Outlook. transportation of food into areas Cantonese Church, Bangkok Teaching the Illiterate in that otherwise would be plunged into the direst distress when The Christian work among Honan drouth, hail, locusts and other Chinese in Bangkok includes a Rev. J. H. Bruce, missionary calamities occur. school, an organized church, a of the United. Church of Can- Fighting the Opium Evil street chapel, and daily preach- ada, writes of country classes held at a village 40 miles west The "Anti-Opium Society," oring of the Gospel on the streets of Weihwei, Honan, a region ganized by Swatow Christian In- marked by poverty, ignorance stitute, South China and in of Bangkok. Important ad- and sin. Since few could read which other organizations are or write, the first lessons were represented, had a week of lecvances have been made in the Phonetic Script, which abo u t tures on the evils of opium. A thirty boys and girls succeeded petition was sent to the Provinwork of the Cantonese Church in learning in two weeks' time, cial Government, asking that being able to read Gospel of measures be taken to prohibit during the past year; the organ- Luke. Fifty-seven boys in all the raising of poppy plants. This were under instruction, in addi- was granted, and notices were ization of the Cantonese Church tion to adults. Twice a day all sent out to that effect, officials were drilled in the singing of being sent to see that the order with its national pastor, two hymns. Each noon the classes was enforced. Another petition would assemble to consider the which received favorable attenelders, seven deacons and a meaning of the Christian life, tion asked that in every large and all were urged to respond to city some provision be made for membership of 117 and the re- the call of Christ to follow Him. treating addicts of the habit. Three courtyards were furnished ception of nine persons on con- freely for the work and all ex- – Watchman-Examiner. penses were met by the Chinese. fession of faith, and three by Anti-mis'sion Films Not long after writing this letter. There was also a city- account, Mr. Bruce died of Under the title "The Bitter typhus fever, a disease which Tea of General Yen," a photowide evangelistic effort. Beside constantly menaces missionaries play expresses a most cynical at- who itinerate in villages. titude toward missionary effort. the regular Sunday morning, Every implication is of futility. -United Church Record. The Chinese attitude is one of afternoon and evening services, contempt. Time (January 23d) Famine Relief Work calls it "morally subversive and the Cantonese church has opened eloquently anti-Christian." The Dr. David A. Brown, Chair- Chinese scene is comprehended its doors at least four evenings man of the China Famine Relief, in battle, massacre and philo- (U. S. A.), has returned from a a week for evangelistic meetings.

Every morning the two pastors and other workers have met at the church for a brief season of prayer, after which they have gone forth to preach here and there throughout the city. Many and varied are their pulpits- dirty, narrow lanes, opium dens, s c h 0 0 I s, workshops, working men's mess houses, under green trees, in the scorching sun-but always sure of an audience of from one to more than a hun- dred. -Siam Outlook.

CHINA 10,000-mile trip of inspection of sophical cruelty. It seems to us the areas in ten provinces of unfair both to the Chinese and Northwest China in which fam- to the part taken by foreigners Rural Mass Education ine relief and prevention activ- in China.

The National Christian Coun- ities have been conducted during This presents an excellent opcil is laying emphasis on rural the past five years. He reports portunity for mission boards to evangelism and mass education encouraging results-roads built, . protest, and lead their constituin many parts of China. Briefly, irrigation projects completed encies in protesting against the method is to gather country and in progress, dykes construct- such gross misrepresentation. people into night schools or ed; the use of drouth resisting Communications may be ad- short-term day schools for a few seeds, and the establishment of dressed to H. E. Cole, vice-presi-

dent of Columbia Pictures, 729 stored many will be able to re- of the National Christian Coun- Seventh Avenue, New York, and cil of China, after summing up to Carl E. Milliken, Motion Pic- turn to their farms and some political and soc i a I developture Producers and Distributors ments, said: of America, 28 We s t 44th churches will be reestablished, Street, New York. It would be an ungrateful act of but it will be years before the omission, if I should refrain from Gospel Jig-Saw Puzzles touching upon the question foremost loss is retrieved. Christians have in our minds, on the relationship be- Dr. H. G. Stockley, of Siaofu, tween Japan and China. By the contells in Conquest by Healing, of stood the test and faithfulness stant interchange of messages of syma new use for jig-saw puzzles. pathy and good will during the last "A friend recently gave us an has been manifest on every side. twelve months or so between our Naexcellent jig-saw puzzle. One tional Christian Councils and by the day my wife and I were discuss- While the bandits treat Chris- courageous stand taken by some J apaing this puzzle and the thought nese Christians, the Christians in our came to her to get some of them tian and non-Christian alike, two countries have come closer todone by a carpenter. The idea gether in the fellowship of prayer and then advanced a little further. communists have not shown like sorrow, although our respective coun- Why not use some of the pic- tries seem to drift farther apart . . . tures put out by the Christian impartiality, and the lives of The fate of mankind . . . calls for Literature Society, Christ seek- action on the part of Christians. . . . ing the lost lamb on the moun- leading Christians are constant- Will the salvation of nations lie in tain side, the picture represent- wars and more wars? God forbid! ing Christ with the children of ly threatened. Not a few have The Christians of the world, especialthe world gathered around him, ly those in Japan and China, must agand other such pictures? So we elected to die rather than deny gressively and incessantly work for called the carpenter and had the cause of justice between nations, him prepare a number of these, their Lord. These have proved peace on earth and good will among so that now each ward has two men … jig-saw puzzles, each with a a great inspiration to other Bible message behind it. The To send messages of greetings and evangelists have been instruct- Christians so that a deepening to exchange fraternal delegates withed to tell the patients the mean- out sharing with each other the heavy ing of the pictures they are piec- of spiritual life, with new en- burden of a common task in Chrising together. It gives us pleas- tianizing the international relationure to see the patients at all thusiasm in preaching has been ships between our two nations, espetimes playing with these puz- cially at this extraordinary time, zles, and, we trust, getting a apparent, and every Sunday sees seems to me to miss a great oppormessage from them. tunity in our Christian fellowship. In a number of decisions regis- spite of the small numbers of Chris- The Church in Manchuria tians in our two countries, let us tered. -Korean Echoes. therefore rededicate ourselves and re- As might be expected, the double our efforts in the cause of In- Church in East Manchuria has Missionaries in War Zone ternational justice and good will. been seriously affected by events Then and only then shall we be laying of the past year. A year ago The Japanese advance in the foundation for a lasting internaone hundred out-stations were North China has brought immi- tional peace. reported in this field. Today nent peril and destruction to there are not more than fifty, missions in that area. On April -Missionary Herald. and many of these are so de- 20th, cable reports stated that pleted that their future is very J a pan e s e bombs had been JAPAN-CHOSEN uncertain. Since, on the whole, dropped on the American Methlife and property have been odist mission property at Myun- Religious Hunger more secure in towns than in hsien, (a few miles south of the the country, large numbers of Great Wall) seriously damaging The Higashi Hongan temple refugees have crowded into the the buildings but causing no loss in Kyoto, headquarters of the towns. Most of these churches of life. The School for Amer- Shin sect of Buddhism in Japan, have therefore gained very con- ican Children at Tungchow, east has appropriated 20,000 yen to siderably in numbers but not in of Peiping, was also reported open a school for farmer priests financial strength. Four village bombed, endangering the lives in Manchuria and is expecting church buildings have bee n of some 200 American children. to plant a Buddhist colony there. burned. The fifty churches which There is apprehension for the Christian churches also are busy have gone out of existence en- Peking Medical University and making plans for evangelism tirely were in districts where the Yenching University, in case among both Japanese and Manconditions were such that all the Japanese undertake to oc- churians in the new state. Rev. had to flee. When peace is re- cupy the city. The seaport town Rokuro Miyazawa reports that of Shan-hai-kwan, where the moral conditions there are al- American Methodists have a sta- most indescribable, approximat- tion; the summer resort Peitai- ing frontier days in the Amer- ho, where there is a large sum- ican west. mer missionary colony, and other places between the Great Writing of religious condi- Wall and the Lwan River have tions in Japan, Toyohiko Kaga- fallen into the hands of the J ap- wa says: "Although there is a anese. Tientsin, where there are wave of atheism abroad in the fourteen missions; Tang Shan, country, wherever I go in Japan, a united Methodist mission sta- tion, Changli and Tsun wha, American Methodist mission stations are among the stations in the area of conflict.

Japanese- .to Chinese Christians At the All-Japan Christian Conference held in Tokyo, Mr. Chang Fu-liang, Rural Secretary

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and without exception in every the fall of the yen, the gain in pines has equipped his Bible town and all villages, there is a exchange has made possible a coach with a loud speaker for hunger to hear the Gospel. Near better job and better equipment. both victrola and microphone -Congregationalist. connections. Pro g ram s are the most famous shrine in all Japan there is a strong radical Campaign Results in Chosen broadcast by switching back and party, for there are many out- forth from records to micro- casts there. In five days of Scattered reports show some phone. A motor installed in the meetings thousands cam e to res u Its of the "Nation-wide coach drives the mechanism hear, including all kinds of Evangelistic Campaign." where electricity is not availa- creeds, with fascists and com- In one place, two college stu- ble. The soc i e t y has been munists." dents held a three-day revival, swamped with invitations for Missionary By-Products the attendance increasing from outdoor meetings. 50 on the first day to 600 on the In the Philippine Islands, Mission work has many by- third. there is nearly as much preach- products. J. P. Moore, of the A new church, established ing under the open sky as in- Reformed Church in the United only last year, took in 20 new side buildings. A concert of States, enumerates so m e of believers as a result of special sacred music attracts the people.

these in Japan. In all the prin- meetings. They crowd around the Bible cipal cities there are charity or- Another country church which Society's coach to see what's go- ganizations. There are now asy- has a congregation of about 200, ing on, and how. They soon find lums for the care of the needy; reports 60 new members this that this coach is a bookstore as orphanages, most of them or- winter. well as an enormous music-box; ganized and fostered by Chris- Sun Kyori, in the industrial for the sides are lifted and shelf tians-Japanese and missiona- suburbs of Pyengyang, a five- upon shelf filled with Scriptures ries; and asylums for the insane. year-old church of less than 300 come into view. That gives the Formerly the s e unfortunates adults, had a week of revival colporteur his opportunity. Long were put in cages by families to meetings during which 118 men after the meeting has closed, which the insane belonged. Now and women decided to become groups of men and women lin- they are mostly cared for by the Christians. ger about the automobile to hear Japan authorities. There are no At Muchin, in the country, extracts read from the Bible and poorhouses, because according over 200 people attended special to purchase copies for them- to law and custom the poor and meetings for two weeks, with 50 selves; worship is stimulated, aged are cared for by their rela- new believers as a result. instruction given and the people tives. There are homes for lep- Another church reports that are drawn together. -Christian Advocate. ers, and schools for the blind. its congregation of 50 has grown The Red Cross Society is coun- to 200. Filipino Becomes "Y" try-wide, and the Emperor Two Bible Women brought in heads it.-Outlook of Missions. 47 new believers during a week's Secretary class. Where Depression Helped The Y. M. C. A. in the Philip- A new Sunday school, started pines now has a Filipino Secre- New buildings are nearing last June, reports the follow- tary, Mr. Jesus Dineros. The completion for three institutions ing weekly increases for last "Y" came to the Philippines maintained by the American with the soldiers and sailors in Board, Kobe College, Glory Kin- month: first Sunday, 81; sec- 1898. Nine years later, the dergarten and the Women's ond Sunday, 96; third Sunday, American-European branch was Evangelistic School. It was for- 121; and fourth Sunday, 165; organized. Then in rapid suctunate that Kobe College com- cession the Filipino "Y" was inpleted its building-fund cam- an increase of over 100 % in one corporated in 1911; the city and paign in July, 1929, prior to the student buildings threw open Wall Street crash, which would month. their doors in 1915; the armyhave made the raising of the navy branch was inaugurated in fund next to impossible. Even At Nansan, a small country 1918; the Chinese "Y" organized allowing for possible loss on village, six years ago one man in 1922 and a program of probuilding-fund securities and the went to church Sunday by Sun- vincial expansion launched in usual percentage of noncollec- day, rang the church bell, and 1923. -Christian Century. tion of pledges, the college is held services all alone, the only Christian in the village: this winter evangelistic services were attended by about 70 Christians and as many non-Christians, and still advantaged in the amount over 500 yen were raised for a Moros Carry On of yen available for the new new church building.

equipment. The Bible School, -Station Letter. Another outgrowth of Dr.

through the sale of its old prop- Frank C. Laubach's work in lit- erty, has acquired a larger cam- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC. eracy for Filipinos is the move pus of cheaper land near the new on the par t of enthusiastic Kobe College buildings. Al- Musical Bible Coach young Moros to organize Eng- though these building programs The Secretary of the Amer- lish-speaking societies to carry were worked through prior to ican Bible Society in the Philip- forward the work begun by Dr.

Laubach. These societies list 29 prayer on the part of churches lar crisis faces other denomina- forms of useful service including that had become cold and indif- tional institutions. Comment- the spread of knowledge in im- ferent, and has been accompa- ing on these facts, the Union proved methods of agriculture, nied by a mighty outpouring of maintains that "all contempo- animal husbandry, and proper the Spirit of God. The awaken- rary life and problems verify health measures. They hope to ing is more pronounced among the claim so long made by the collect Moro literature and put the youth of the country. Church and Christian college, it into print; encourage native – Watchman-Examiner. that the dominant and ultimate arts and crafts; promote new need is for intelligent Christian ideas in education. Number 10 A New Hawaiian Church character, for a release of our on the list reads "to act as peace- spiritual forces in order that the makers among the Moros and On a recent Sunday, at the moral life on which civilization between the Moros and Chris- church building now under con- rests may be restored and maintians," while number 29 says "to struction b y the Methodist tained. The supreme influence prepare ourselves to be worthy Board of Missions at Kahaluu, through which this is to be of the leadership of this prov- sixty-five were baptized, one of brought about is the Church. ince, which will fall upon our the largest group baptisms for But along with the home the shoulders as we grow older." greatest channel through which many years. The baptism was the Church is to gain this result The Bible in Bali by family-in many cases en- is the Christian College."

The charming island of Bali tire families, including father, -Presbyterian Banner. mother, children and other relahas attracted attention both for tions requested baptism. The its beauty and interest. historical background of this Churches Survive Depression church is of unusual interest. The first attempt to give the Some eighteen years ago E. In Texas, while one out of Bali people the Bible in their Tokimasa, Japanese manager every 22 business and industrial own language was recently com- for Libby, McNeill & Libby, who concerns went into bankruptcy pleted by Missionary Vielhauer had once been connected with during the past three years, and of the Basel Mission, who has the Methodist Mission, proved one out of every six banks was published the New Testament, so helpful an influence as a forced by failure to close, only translated by him in spite of Christian business man that the one out of every 40 colleges, one many difficulties. For example, Japanese with whom he had con- of every 45 hospitals, and only they have no word for "river" tacts have been anxious to have one of every 2,344 churches have and are com p e 11 e d to say a church of their own. been closed on account of finan- "water." They have no words His daughter organized a Sun- cial difficulties. for colors and can distinguish day school, gathered the children only three, white, red and black. about her, and fostered a reli- -Presbyterian Advance.

They have no word for "light," gious culture in the community. Religious Trends although they have one for The result, after several years, Herbert Hoover's Commission is a substantial church, in which on Social Trends reported that darkness. In John 8: 12 Mr. the Japanese community is co- Protestant church membership Vielhauer was compelled to operating heartily. kept pace with the growth of population fro m 1926-1931; translate, "I am as the sun and -Christian Advocate. while from 1916-1926 church enlighten the world." For the expenditures inc rea sed 501)'0 idea of God, he found only a NORTH AMERICA more rapidly than the national word that has a disturbing con- income. Today, as a generation nection with woods. The people Colleges Face a Crisis ago, the church rolls contain the of Bali think of divinity only as names of five women to every a forest spirit. As there was The Presbyterian ColI e g e four men. In Negro churches absolutely no word for "spirit" Union has summarized condi- the proportion is five to three. the translator was obliged to say tions in the 34 Presbyterian col- Ninety-three per cent of the Ro- "breath." These examples might leges. These contain twentybe multiplied. two thousand students, eighteen A Real Revival in New hundred professors, with college man Catholic priests and 59 per Zealand plants worth thirty-four million cent of the Protestant ministers dollars and endowments of are college or seminary gradu- ANew Zealand business man thirty-two millions, of which ten ates. In 1910, at the world miswrites of a spiritual revival now and a half millions now yield no sionary conference in Edintaking place. He reports that income. Debts of four and a burgh, the chief objective was hundreds of b a c k s lid den half million threaten the exist- "The World for Christ in this churches have been revived, and ence of the colleges. Salaries Generation"; in Jerusalem, in that many hundreds of people have been reduced 10 to 35 per 1928, it was "Sharing Spiritual outside the churches have made cent, hundreds of well-trained Values." In 1909, 94% of misan open confession of Christ as professors may be obliged to re- sion funds came from living do- Saviour and Lord. The move- sign and students are being nors; in 1929, only 89%. -The Churchman. ment began with repentance and cramped to the limit. A simi-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Great Commission Prayer peal is used, and when this ap- From Mt. Katahdin to Ta- peal goes home it is most effect- coma most of our mountains League ive of all. have been named by the Indians. As it enters its twenty-third As to our rivers-Piscataqua, year, this League reports a total of more than 250,000 confes- "God's Acre" Ohio, Monongahela, Mississippi, sions of Christ in answer to Missouri, and on to the Yakima prayer. Millions of pages of The spread of the "God's are Indian names. Acre" movement is infusing new tracts, leaflets and bulletins on life into hundreds of country Indians named Lake Winneprayer have been mailed to churches, according to the New pesaukee, the Finger Lakes, and members upon request. York Times. The number of all the Great Lakes except Su- people participating is double perior. Funds for this movement are that of last year. Some of the received in answer to prayer. mission churches in the Philip- George W. Hinman, in his Seven principles laid down by pines, Burma, Siam, India and book, "The American Indian and Thomas E. Stevens, the founder, South Africa are adopting this Christian Missions," tells the have guided the League's efforts. plan for raising money. Differ- story of missionary work among They are: ent names are applied in differ- these "first families." ent places as "God's Acre," the 1. The exaltation of Christ rather '~Lord's Acre," the "Lord's Lutherans Move Forward than any human name. The Lutheran Foreign Mis- 2. Fun devotion to the vital doctrines of the Word of God. sions Conference, at its 1933 Plot," "Planting for the Lord" session in Chicago, last Febru- 3. The showing of the Spirit of ary, made two important moves. Christ to alI similar movements and and the "Lord's Portion." The The first is the appointment of every evangelical church, without "en- participants dedicate a certain a committee to prepare "A Plan tangling aUiances." part of their portion to the of Cooperative Possibilities on the Part of the Lutheran For- 4. Strict avoidance of debt, com- church, the proceeds being given eign Boards in America." Repmercialism and fleshly ambition. to carryon the activity of the 5. Its methods to be kept open to church.-United Presbyterian. the members of the Body of Christ. resentatives are to be appointed 6. All correspondence kept as a by the Boards themselves. The second has to do with the prosacred trust. Advance in Southland gram for 1933-34, and calls for a 7. No personal or public appeals two-day session at a convenient- The Southern Presbyterian ly central part to which all misfor money on behalf of the League. Home Board has been making sionaries on furlough and all signal progress in the southwest. secretaries of boards and board -Sunday School Times. Calvin Institute has become Ok- members shall be present. It lahoma Presbyterian College, was decided that the program Save-A-Life League valued at $325,000. Stillman In- should be arranged so as to give stitute for training Negro min- time for conferences and discus- Among the many welfare isters had in 1901 only $10,000 sions of "The Problems and Opagencies found necessary in worth of equipment and a hand- portunities Com m 0 n to All these times of stress is the Na- ful of students; now it has 110 Lutheran Foreign Mis s ion tional Save-a-Life League, with acres and a plant valued at Boards." headquarters at 299 Madison $300,000, and has educated 500. Ave., New York. Officials of Again, in 1901, the Church was Black Man's Burden this League have evidence that carrying on its work among the the suicide impulse is almost al- Mexicans of Texas almost with- Negroes form one-tenth of ways induced by sudden loss of out equipment. Now every the popUlation of the United mental poise which can be re- fourth Christian among Texas States, but own only 1/140 per stored by the right influence. The Mexicans, other than Catholics, cent of the wealth. Their per fact that suicides in New York is a Presbyterian, and the capita wealth is $215 as com- City for 1932 numbered 111 Church has two schools for them pared with $3,000 for the averless than the total for 1931, a valued at $200,000. period when suicides in the nation as a whole have been stead- -The Christian Century. ily increasing,-is substantial proof that the League's efforts are bringing results. In one The Indian and Missions age American. In those southday, 18 persons were won over ern states where eight of the to a more hopeful outlook on The Indians may be called a twelve million Negroes I i v e life. During the first six months "Vanishing Race," but their im- there is not one Negro member of 1932, 1,738 persons came to print will always remain upon of a legislature, not a Negro who Dr. H. M. Warren, president of America. Consider that: holds a county office, not a mem- the League, both by letter and One-half our states have In- ber of a city council. Negroes personal call. He and his as- dian names. are thus taxed without repre- sistants first persuade them to Thirty counties in Michigan. sentation. In the sixteen for- delay, there is never argument, are named after Indians. mer slave states, during 1930, then work toward rebuilding In both New York and Iowa over a million Negro children of confidence. To those amenable are seventeen counties bearing school age were not in school to such method, the religious ap- Indian names. one day in the year. Southern

Negro children, forming a third to Port Barrow, and from Nome ical or religious subject I de- of the school population, re- to Juneau, including Yukon ter- sire." -Christian Advocate.

ceived but a tenth of the school ritory. Every mail brings let- Obstacles in Venezuela funds, while the average term ters telling of groups of miners for the million and a half who and others who gather for these Mr. George W. Jackson, of the services in the homes of their Orinoco River Mission, Veneattended school was only six zuela, gives the following ac- friends. Contributions to main- count of an evangelistic trip to months. Many of the persons tain this service come from San Antonio: Stewart, Yukon Territory, to the thus called and treated as "Ne- Aleutien Islands and southeast- The people had been told I was a ern Alaska. black man with burning red eyes, that groes" are predominantly of I was a devil, and that I,was paying -Presbyterian Advance. Nordic blood, with perhaps one Negro great-grandparent out of sixteen. -The Crisis.

Japanese-Americans each convert twenty cents a day and LATIN AMERICA two bottles of milk. We entered the town, to find the doorways crowded The Japanese in California are steadily decreasing through Against Odds in Puerto Rico with curious people. Securing a house return of considerable numbers for meetings we held the first service to their home country, but there Two destructive hurricanes with a good crowd and good order. is a rising tide of second genera- within a short period might well In the evening there was some distion Japanese. The California prevent the paying off of ·a order outside. Presently, the mayor Health Bureau reports 76,000 church mortgage, yet Puerto appeared with twelve armed men, and Rican Baptists in Rio Piedras took fourteen of our Christian men American-born Japanese in Cal- sent the following letter to the prisoners. I tried to speak with him, ifornia. The birth rate is esti- Home Mission Society: but was curtly told to appear at the mated at 5,000 a year. The de- police station in the morning. The cline of the first generation and With the loan of $5,000 six years men were not permitted to take their the rise of the second is expected ago a parsonage was erected . . . hats, hammocks or blankets. I asked to be greater and greater, due to Each year with the exception of 1928, permission to accompany them, but the fact that the influx of the when the hurricane hit the Island, we was refused. After spending most of first generation from Japan has have repaid $1,000. In September, the night in prayer I was preparing been greatly cut off during the 1932, when another hurricane hit us to go to the police station, when two past 18 years, and the average and did great damage to the parson- policemen arrived to take the women age of the first generation is age as weU as destroying over 30 of the house prisoners and to bring thought to be between 50 and homes of members of the church, we me before the mayor. After some 55. Therefore the Christianiza- felt that it would be impossible to palaver he finaUy dismissed me, and tion of the Japanese community complete the payment. But we trust- I asked if we were free to continue rests largely upon the second ed in God and went forward, with the the meetings, to which he replied, result that as we closed the year, we were able to cancel our complete debt. "Yes." But when the men arrived they came with a different story. He had -Missions. threatened to shoot them and to put the women to sweeping the streets if they did not give up their religion.

generation. There is at present "Philosophy Chats" in Chile They all said they would be quite glad a real s p i r i t u a 1 awakening to do that for Christ's sake. After among them. Dr. George P. Howard has another interview with the mayor the been successful in giving radio heart of a lawyer was moved so that The Reformed Church in the sermons 0 v era commercial he wrote a permit which he requested United States has sent mission- broadcast in Valparaiso, Chile. the mayor to sign, granting us freearies, kindergarten, social and He call s them "Philosophy dom to hold meetings. In the two educational directors to Califor- Chats" and says: "I have dis- foUowing public meetings souls were nia to take up the challenge to covered that these people will really saved. help these Japanese-Americans listen eagerly to a religious talk, to become responsible Chris- provided it is not labeled 'reli- Christian Living Taught tians. They endeavor to give gion.' Roman Catholicism here reI i g i 0 u s instruction to the has spoiled that word." On one Colegio Internacional at Asunyoung people through well-or- occasion talks were given be- cion, Paraguay, like other misganized Sunday schools, through tween acts of a grand opera sion schools, lays chief emphasis young people's societies, lead- broadcast, with the nation of on the development of Christian er's training classes, Boy Scout music-listeners as audience. "My character. It is recognized that and personal counseling. subject that evening was the mere teaching of the Bible and sacred literature will not ensure -Outlook of Missions. Christ-like living, and that every day personal conduct is the es- Radio Preaching in Alaska Christian solution of the prob- sential dynamic. Classes teach- lem of the struggle between the ing Christian principles are Rev. E. L. Winterberger, min- individual and society. The fol- called "Conversations." Her e ister at First Presbyterian lowing day the editor of a So- moral, social, educational and church, Anchorage, Alaska, with cialist paper and one of the or- religious problems are discussed.

his singers broadcasts an hour's ganizers of a workingman's It is recognized that religion has service from 8: 45-9 : 45 every 'university,' invited me to be- to do with every phase of life, Sunday evening, and in this come one of their lecturers. I and students search all over the service practically covers the have carte blanche to talk to city for facts and illustrations.

whole of Alaska from Ketchican them on any cultural, philosoph- Four distinct methods of incul-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

eating Christian teachings are International Missionary Council (De- tire Gospel of John lJy heart. e m p loy e d at the School: partment of Social and Industrial In the course of this journey through the personal influence Research). of the Christian tea c her; 400 copies of the Gospel were World's Committee of the Y. M. C. A. sold. -Bible in the World. World's Committee of the Y. W. C… A. through the teachings of the World's Student Federation.

Bible and principles of Christian Leaders of the World's Sun- Rome Prepares for a Campaign living in each grade in the day School Association hope that this organization may also be According to both secular and School, with required attend- religious papers, the Vatican is ance; through the Sunday morn- represented, since its religious preparing a campaign in anticing service; conducted for all education program is deeply con- ipation of the time when Soviet the boarding students, on the Russia will abandon its antisame lines as a like service in cerned with the issues that are religious policy and again allow the United States; and through centered here – World Peace, Christianity to have an open the extension work of the insti- Disarmament, Protection of field for action. Rome is pretution, consisting of public lec- Women and Children, Anti-Op- paring colleges for training stutures and the participation of ium Activities, and the like.

the Christian teacher in the life France Promotes Buddhism dents in the mentality and the of the community through the history, as well as the Liturgies, Rotary Club, federal school and The well edited and beautiful- etc., of the Eastern Church. government institutions, and the ly illustrated Catholic mission Monasteries are working intennumerous activities in the com- journal Die Katholisher Mission- sively at this in Belgium, Czechomunity where both privately and en publishes a statement on this slovakia and Poland. Many of publicly these Christian educa- subject from which we quote the the teachers are of the Dominitors are making a profound con- following: can Order, and the colleges are tribution to spiritual values. The French colonial government in located at various points, some -World Call. Cambodia distributed money among in Rome, others on the field ex- the animistic population for the EUROPE spread of Buddhism and entered them pected to be conquered. It is Income Rises-Costs Fall officially under the caption "diplomatic hoped that Rome, who has al- presents." These, observes the maga- ways had her ear to the ground, zine, are the political reasons that is justified in her belief that the In the memory of most peo- make a "Christian" colonial govern- Soviet policy is c e r t a into ple, last year was the darkest ment the missionary of heathenism. change.-The Living Church.

This agrees with the address of the financially for Scotland, yet the governor-general to the king of Cam- bodia in which he called France a Unusual Celebration foreign mission income went up Buddhist power. The Apostolical Delby many thousands of pounds egate of Father India has accordingly This summer the churches in raised the question with the colonial Czechoslovakia, especially in in the Church of Scotland. The government, as to the reasons which Slovakia, will commemorate an total income was :£169,641 com- impelled them to give the preference unusual jubilee: in 833, 1100 pared with :£151,491 in 1931, to Buddhism over against Catholicism years ago, the first Christian and the total expenditure :£172,- in a population which as yet does not Church was built at Nitra, Slo- 795, compared with :£176,267. know either. vakia, by Prince Pribina, whose dominions included present-day There was also received at head- Gipsies in Germany Slovakia and North Hungary, at quarters £5,708 toward the liq- a time when, before the invasion uidation of last year's deficit. The Gipsy mission in Berlin of the Magyars, those realms This giving was in response to has a real gipsy caravan, with were purely Slavonic. This the assembly's appeal to prevent two horses, and a worker for the church is older than any other cuts in the missionaries' salaries British and Foreign Bible So- in present-day Bohemia and Moand curtailment of the work. ciety worked among the Gipsies ravia. It was built a generation The ministry committee has for two months the past sum- before the coming of the "Slaannounced that in spite of a cur- mer, accompanied by a young vonic apostles" of Christianity, tailed income, the minimum sti- Gipsy convert as driver. The Cyril and Methodius, from Sapend has been maintained at first visit was in Pomerania, loniki to Moravia. This begin- £300 and a manse, through econ- where, in certain sections, police ning of the Christian mission is omies arising out of local church are hostile to the Gipsies; but unions. -Christian Century. upon reading the words "Gospel Religious Issues at Geneva Caravan of the Gipsy Mission" at the same time also the begin- allowed the workers to remain. ning of a civilization by which Seven religious organizations Three meetings were held at the Slavonic nation was conhave a representation in Ge- Naugard horse market, where nected with the ancient cultural neva: two thirds of the listeners were centers of Southern and West- World A II ian c e for International men. Sixty-nine Gospels were ern Europe. Protestantism in Friendship through the Churches. sold. Gipsies met on the road Czechoslovakia shows an in- proudly displayed the Gospels of crease from 990,000 in 1921 to Life and Work Committee of the 1,132,000 in 1930; the National Stockholm Conference. John which they had bought the year before. One knew the en- Church of Czechoslovakia grew EUropean Central Office for Inter- church Aid.

from 525,346 to 713,092, among seating capacity was taxed. Both one occasion a saloonkeeper a total population of 14,732,644. nationalities sat around the com- closed the barroom an hour ear- -The Brotherhood. munion table, while both Greek lier each night that he might and Armenian pastors, deacons give the traveling preacher a "Youth Week" in Bulgaria and deaconesses officiated. chance. One of the most out- The number of communist pe- -Congregationalist. standing bits of service rendered riodicals in Bulgaria has in- through the Missions of Biblical creased to forty-three. Methods MISCELLANEOUS Education is the correspondence, imported from Soviet Russia for whereby the evangelist and his "penetrating" s c h 0 0 I shave Back to Original Purpose workers keep in contact with rearoused strong protests among claimed and lonely, and freboth reI i g i 0 u s and patriotic The National Council of the quently discouraged, men and groups. In reply to the commu- Young Men's Christian Associa- tion has issued a call, prepared women.

nist campaign to win youth of by the Special Commission on Birthday Band Helps the school age, the Bulgarian Church Message and Purpose, which Blind recently organized a You t h summons secretaries of I 0 cal Week, with daily lectures in all branches to a new religious em- Robert A. Byers, a blind and parts of Sofia. These meetings phasis. The Council suggests paralyzed Christian of Australia, were held in restaurants, cine- that this begin with the gather- moved by the helplessness of mas and other public places, ing of little circles of like- blind girl babies in South India, where the most talented speak- minded members for prayer, dis- desired to save one of them. A ers in the church addressed large cussion and religious fellowship, friend suggested that he form a crowds. In all, fifty-five lectures and that these groups find some birthday band and solicit a shilwere given. A nation-wide ra- expression for their religious de- ling from his friends on their dio campaign carried not only votion. The Council hopes that birthdays. This was in 1918. He the lectures but musical pro- from these groups will spread grams to all parts of the coun- anew more of that spirit of found ten friends willing to help, try. Over 100,000 s p e cia II y these enlisted others, so that durprepared pamphlets were distrib- Christian consecration w h i c h ing his lifetime the Band was in characterized the beginning of touch with work for the blind uted; in short, the effect of hos- in twenty-one parts of the world. the movement. tile propaganda has been to stim- -Alliance Weekly. Its objectives are: To save inulate all the religious forces in fant life; to rescue blind orthe country to renewed activity. Meeting Human Need phans or castaway children from The "Father Paissy" Society, a federation of all patriotic and The "Missions of Bib I i c a I death, starvation, ill-treatment religious societies in Bulgaria, Education," with headquarters or worse, and support them in has just petitioned the govern- in Toronto, is an interdenomiment for more religious instruc- mission schools; to support blind tion in the schools. national organization which for evangelists and Bible-women, 23 years has ministered to a colporteurs and masseurs, home -The Living Church. vastly scattered and cosmopol- teachers and musicians, who itan company of folk. Personal work under the supervision of Fellowship in Saloniki contact with the lonely in iso- missionaries; to help supply the lated communities – the fishing Greek Evangelicals in Salon- settlements of the Maritime ever-increasing de man d for iki have in a brotherly spirit Provinces, the prairie home, the Scriptures and other literature shared their church with the mining town, the lumber camp, in Braille in heathen languages, Armenian Evangelicals, who are or the foreign-born colony – is by cooperating with other orrefugees with no church center made through evangelistic cam- ganizations engaged in t his of their own. During the Week paigns held in their midst by of Prayer union services were work; to put Gospel into Braille held. Greek, Armenian, Turk- Rev. F. A. Robinson, Director of by hand, and use it to begin piish and English were the lan- the work. Sometimes special oneer work for the blind in g u age s used throughout the services are held in redemptive places where nothing has been homes for girls, several meetings done for them before, and to help in any other way possible week. One evening the Greek being held each day during the to advance the interests of the pastor would lead the meeting campaign. Many curious set- blind in non-Christian lands. and the next an Armenian, but tings have featured the evangel- The Birthday Band cooperates when the meetings were thrown istic services held during these in work for the blind in India, open to the congregation for tes- twenty years in which Mr. Rob- Ceylon, Burma, China, Korea, timony, prayer or hymns, all the inson has devoted himself to this Japan, Palestine, Syria, Persia, different languages could be special work. Often a dance hall Egypt, Algiers, Nigeria, Sudan, heard from many parts of the has been converted into a mis- Morocco, Brazil, Chili, Peru, church. The little church was sion hall, while frequently an Philippine Islands, New Britain, packed each night. At the Sun- abandoned barroom has echoed Solomon Islands, Fiji and North day morning communion service with sacred song and prayer. On Australia. -Report Letter.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~''-''I=-=——==–==============~~I~'

An African Pilgrimage. By A. M. Mr. Chirgwin left England in unto Christ, retaining the good Chirgwin. 12 mo. 158 pp. Paper, and dropping the bad features. 28. 6d. Student Christian Move- August, 1930, landed at Cape- I found my heart in my throat ment Press. London. 1932. town, traveled through Cape more than once as I realized the Province, Orange Free State, wonder of the thing." The "greatest religious expe- Natal, Transvaal, Basutoland, rience of my life" is what the Bechuanaland, Northern and *** author says of this year of travel Southern Rhodesia, Portuguese in Southern Africa and Mada- East Africa, Tanganyika, the In the description of the work gascar, visiting the mission sta- Belgian Congo, Zanzibar and in Cape Province one of the tions of the London Missionary Madagas-car. He saw missions most interesting narratives re- Society. In this "wonder year," and churches in all stages of de- lates to the "big meetings" as the author says, "I saw God at velopment-in the process of they are called. "It is a remarkwork, and I can say now as never planting, struggling for life, able festival-the most memorbefore I believe in the Holy emerging under native leader- able experience of the whole Ghost, the living, acting, work- ship and fully established as trip. . . . The people bring and ing God." self-governing and self-propa- cook their own food. . . . One party of seventeen had walked Mr. Chirgwin has selected gating. The story of what. he 160 miles, every inch on foot. from his exceedingly interesting saw is far from dry readmg. . . . Some five languages were letters the material chiefly relat- There are vital facts presented spoken. . . . Counting children ing to the planting and develop- there were about 1,000 people ment of the Christian Church in and there is life described in suf- assembled for the 'big meeting.' South Central Africa. He says: ficient detail to make the picture . . . Canterbury pilgrims were "I came back from my long tour, live. The author observes: not so numerous. . . . The first convinced that amongst the day was spent in an examination movements afoot in Africa to- "I was much impressed with of the catechumens by a speday, such as the break down of the way in which Christianity cially appointed committee. In tribal organization and moral- the Kuruman district there are ity, the coming in of western has spread in the Northern some 1,800 church members, industrialism, the trek to the Kalahari Desert. This is large- three ordained ministers, seven towns, there are many that are ly the work of native ministers evangelists and some elders and disintegrating and even sinister, and evangelists who, almost un- deacons. . . . Evangelists and but there is one that is construc- known as well as unseeing, have deacons reported on those whose tive and wholly welcome; that gone through this desolate land names were to be removed from one is the growth of an indige- the roll. During the year fifteen nous Christian Church." and have carried the Gospel had died and twenty-three had with them. fallen. This may sound terrible These delightful letters not but it is hardly more than one only give a vivid and instructive "In Bechuanaland, in the old per cent of the membership and description of the growth of the when we consider the conditions Church in Southern Africa but days, it was customary for the of life in native huts and vilthey are most interesting travel chief to arrange for a pagan lages, the terrific temptation a~d letters of an intelligent and care- strong sex urge, the figure IS ful observer. Here we read of service just before the people be- surprisingly low." the influence of the Africaner, or gan plowing. The object of tJ:le South African Dutchman, and of pagan rites was to secure fertIl- *** the growing use of Africa~s, tJ:le ity from the spirits of the earth Dutch-African tongue. LIfe m and air . . . when Khama be- There are also word pictures the Karoo and the veld are pic- of Tiger Kloof where church tured and we see the Africans- came chief the headmen asked leaders are trained, a visit to the Christian and heathen-in clear him to arrange for the rites as mines aIid a study of their probcontrast, with many lights and usual … Khama's reply was lems, the life in the "bush," and shadows. that if they wanted their rites following in the footsteps of they could have them, ~u~ as f?r himself and the ChrIstIans m the tribe they would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotta. From that day the "Ploughing service" has taken place, but it has been baptized Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[339 ]

David Livingstone-all intensely but does not inspire. Its thesis says Dr. Niebuhr. Even in the interesting-but the ending of is the essentially irreconcilable most perfected form of social re- the book is rather abrupt with- conflict bet wee n the ethical demption the author believes out the gathering up of any gen- ideals of individual men and all that "the most effective agents eral conclusions. It is well the group areas in which men will be the men who have sub- worth reading-for Appraisers seek to carry out their individual stituted some new illusions for and others. ideals. The politico-social uni- the abandoned ones. The most verse is too much for morality. important of these illusions is The Dark Continent-Africa. By H. The latter has no promise for the that the collective life of man- A. Bernatzik. lIlus. quarto. 256 ills of society. With skillful, if kind can achieve perfect justice. pp. B. Waterman Co. New York. somewhat involved arguments, It is a very valuable illusion for Here is an unusual picture the author reviews the field and the moment; for justice cannot album of African people and the forces in and through which be approximated if the hope of scenes with 256 photogravure moral men seek to unravel the its perfect realization does not plates. The photographs are tangled threads of immoral so- generate a sublime madness in taken by a real artist and show ciety. The quest is interesting the soul. Nothing but such mad- realistically and attractively the and serious and not without al- ness will do battle with maligvaried scenery of mountains, luring aspects, but it is utterly nant power and 'spiritual wick- glaciers, fauna and flora, jun- futile. Every known type of edness in high places.' The gles, sands, rivers and lakes. philosophical as well as ethical illusion is dangerous because it Little is left to the imagination remedy for social ills is rigidly encourages terrible fanaticisms.

as to the way the people live and investigated and ruthlessly dis- It must therefore be brought un- do not dress-their dances, fe- carded. The author reaches no der the control of reason. One tishes and spirit houses, their real conclusion for the title of can only hope that reason will industries and customs, houses his volume is both its thesis and not destroy it before its work is and Christian churches. Some its finale. Moral man is shut up done." (p.277.) of the grotesque African cus- in the squirrel cage of economic, To such a withering climax toms must be seen at least in pic- political and social limitations. "Moral Men and Immoral So- tures, to be believed, but with all He may perch for a while upon ciety" leads us, or into such a many of the people are attrac- some comfortable round of the morass of utter f uti lit y it tive and intelligent in appear- wheel within the cage, may run plunges us. "Society" says the ance and their villages are pic- slowly or swiftly or may even author "is man's great fulfill- turesque though dirty. The va- try to run backward, but he is ment and his great frustration."

riety in landscape and in human fastened in a cage. So, with a wide sweep of his features, customs and houses in Dr. Neibuhr writes wit h hand he dismisses Christian so- various parts of the continent charm and conviction. The ease cial ethics and idealism and are clearly seen at a glance. Rel- with which he riddles fanciful leaves helpless man at the baf- ics of the stone age are pictured schemes "of the weal and the fling, buffeting mercy of his re- in ancient carvings and remark- woe" emboldens him to brand all volving cage – forever to be able rock paintings are shown ideals, hopes and aspirations as cabined and confined, always from southern Rhodesia. The illusory. He seems to be certain struggling, never achieving. Dr.

modern gold mines and diamond of only one thing, namely, that Niebuhr's philosophy does not mines are not so attractive and the human squirrel is in the cage claim to be called Christian, not interesting. of society with its revolving even in a unique sense of his The text accompanying this wheels; he is perhaps certain own, let alone in any of the traalbum is merely introductory also of a second thing-that the ditional molds. Liberal Protand gives a general description wheel will always be go in g estant Ohristianity, too, is given. of the territorial divisions of the around. The prologue of the a particular castigation and at continent where the photographs publisher, printed on the cover were taken. It might be well for the hand of one who has been intending missionaries to be- "What lies ahead of us is told in regarded as a most valiant come acquainted with the ap- this book-realistically, bravely devotee. pearance and surroundings of and clearly," is undoubtedly true their future parishioners, and if we are ready to grant that the Yes, man is a squirrel in an for supporters of missions to see author has insight and foresight inhospitable cage, according to some of the natives that need to such marked degrees. The Dr. Niebuhr. Even the nuts transformation. accompanying sentence of the which caprice or fate put in his cover page foreward, however, is not so conclusive. "Some- paws are either too hard to crack or empty when they are thing can be done about the opened. Yet this brilliant and wars, depressions, sufferings Moral Man and Immoral Society- candid author is too thorough- A Study in Ethics and Politics. By and follies of modern society and going to be summarily dismissed Reinhold Niebuhr. 8 vo. 280 pp. will be done inevitably." No, $2. Charles Scribner's, New York. nothing is to be done, nothing and too serious to be taken light- 1!l33. ly. The volume is rewarding can be done. It is an eternal reading for those who are will- Dr. Niebuhr's latest volume tragedy, not without its beauty, ing and ready to follow the provokes and greatly interests tragic procession of futilities,

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

led forth by one of our most the policy which they have now drive back the enemy. The whole penetrating thinkers. discarded as definitely destruc- shockingly medieval yet terribly tive, rather than constructive, of modern story of murder and WILLIAM HIRAM FOULKES. truly prosperous and progres- spoliation and pretenses and sive nations. broken promises, on the one China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. hand, and retreat and suffering By Robert T. Pollard, Ph.D., Assist- This is an excellent book to and disillusionment and despair, ant Professor of Oriental Studies, read in connection with the Lyt- on the other, is most graphically University of Washington. 416 pp. ton Commission's Report, as set forth, concluding with the $3.50. Macmillan, New York. 1933. each supplements the other. setting up of the puppet govern- ment of Manchoukuo, under the Amply documented, yet in at- COURTENAY H. FENN. nominal headship of Henry Pu tractive, pop u I a r language; Yi, the long deposed "boy emavoiding prolixity, yet affording Japanese Invasion of Manchuria and peror" of China. an a d e qua t e conspectus of Shanghai, from Sources Other China's relations with the world, Than Chinese. 8 vo. pp. XI, 445. Part III gives similar detailed especially during the last cen- Shanghai Bar Association, Shang- descriptions of the far m 0 r e tury, this book is heartily rec- hai, China, 1932. sharply contested Invasion of ommended to those who would Shanghai, with its enormous deunderstand the present political The Publicity Editor of the struction of Chinese lives and situation in the Far East from Shanghai Bar Association ex- property. the point of view of history. Dr. plains the purpose of this volume Pollard is eminently fair to as a compilation of articles from Part IV is concerned with China, showing a very real sym- the foreign language press, writ- Japan's Warlike Actions Elsepathy with her in her rudely where, in Mongolia, Tientsin, awakened realization of her own a ten by Europeans, Americans, J ahol, Nanking, Hangchow, etc. medieval weakness and her far from harmonious determination and few Japanese, during the Part V includes an article by to be strong; yet free from the period from September, 1931 to one of the few protesting Jappartiality of that unreasoning May, 1932, describing and judg- anese, and a large number of nationalism which repels, by its ing the Japanese Invasion of foreign press and individual manifest exaggerations, those China, which has stirred the views on Japan's defiance of the who read some of the works of world. Mr. Lei, with no other League of Nations, the Lytton Chinese partisans on the same comment than the headlines, has Commission, "The Sou I of theme. He is also fair to the simply provided the material for Japan," etc. nations of the West in setting a world judgment of the invaforth the provocations which sion, independent of the League These documents afford a very they have suffered while also de- of Nations and its Lytton Com- fair cross-section of the material picting in true perspective the mission. The First Part of his supplied to the Lytton Commisselfish exploitation which char- book records in detail the fam- sion while in China, which, with acterized too much of their ous "Tanaka Memorial," which their personal observations and earlier intercourse with China. was either the work of that rad- interviews in Manchuria, proved There is a clearly drawn con- ical premier or of a Japanese altogether convincing as to the tract between the commerce and military officer, in 1927, outlin- right and wrong in this undediplomacy of Europe and Amer- ing a Japanese policy of ruth- clared war, which still drags on ica during the last twelve years less world conquest. This was in defiance of world opinion. and that which had preceded it, followed, in December, 1931, by marking the dawn of a new era the Japanese General Honjo's C. H. FENN. in China's relations with all na- less detailed but even more outtions except Russia and Japan. spoken project, presented to Manchuria: Cradle of Conflict. By No nation has professed such Gen. Jiro Minami, Minister of Owen Lattimore. Maps. 331 pp. unselfish friendship for China as War, and a c com pan i e d by $3. Macmillan, New York. Russia, yet no nation has more sketches and plans. insidiously sought China's con- Mr. Lattimore shows a request; while Japan has con- The Second Part consists of markable first-hand knowledge tinued to show a complete un- descriptions of the military ef- of the Manchu, Chinese, and the willingness to abandon the old ficiency and moral unscrupulous- Mongolian psychology. All Sinspirit of imperialism in favor of ness with which Japan carried ologues will welcome this contrithe mutual helpfulness of the out her long prepared conquest bution to their libraries, and the new era. Rather than yield her of Manchuria, reprinted from volume will also be valuable to ruthless dominance of the Far Shanghai's Weekly News Maga- the heads of merchantile con- East, she will hold it in con- zines, some of the articles writ- cerns, and to others who seek to tempt of the judgment, and de- ten by eyewitnesses in Manchu- understand in some measure the fiance of the power, of the whole ria. Not only were the Chinese Far Eastern "Mind." Christian world. In this she has at least unprepared to resist this on- Mis s ion s, contemplating the been consistent since she first slaught of a vast military ma- opening up of new fields, will learned from Western nations chine, but in their desire for find the maps invaluable. Chap- peace and their loyalty to their ter four, dealing with Chinese pledge as a member of the Culture, is exceptionally good, League of Nations, they long de- although one fears that the "or- sisted from serious attempt to

dinary reader," even after try- Anglo-American Christianity re- Negro slave lad, barely rescued ing to grasp the difference be- ceives a far fairer treatment tween "East and West," will be than is usual in continental writ- from shipwreck on a slaving vesleft in a fog. Even "The World ings. Wherever the confessional Tourist" will find the book too books of any church are pre- sel, educated under missionary academic, but it is an excellent sented in translation, it is on the textbook for students specializ- whole done in versions that are guidance, he gave his life to the ing on Far Eastern questions. officially authorized in these churches, a thing which to the spread of the Christian faith EDWIN J. THARP. reviewer's mind is most com- mendable. The conclusion is de- among savage and barbarous Manchukuo-,Child of Conflict. By voted to a consideration of the K. K. Kawakami. Illustrated. 311 outlook for greater unity among tribes. He lived to see whole pp. $2. Macmillan, New York. Christians, in which the author pleads for freedom in politics, areas of Africa redeemed from This volume, written from a doctrine and worship. He offers Japanese viewpoint, will be wel- some suggestions for the federa- savagery and superstition. The comed by every unprejudiced tion of churches, among other lover of China. It teems with things, that Ohristians should story is well told, showing conin t ere st. The author, with unite in the Lord's Prayer after scarcely a trace of bias, unfolds making the following declara- ditions which have been almost the Sino-Japanese situation in a tion: "In the name of our Lord masterly fashion and, with a Jesus Christ and in the power of entirely eliminated largely by thorough understanding of the His Holy Spirit we pray in compresent chaotic con d i t ion s, munion with all Christians: Our the work of Christian missionmakes clear the necessity of Father," etc. someone putting China's house aries. C. B. McAFEE. in order for her. He suggests C. THEODORE BENZE. that Japan is giving her an ex- Case Studies of Present-Day Reliample of the way to do it, in Lutherisches Missonsjahrbuch. 1933. gious Teaching. By Hugh Hartwhat she (Japan) is doing in W. Gerber. Leipzig. H. G. Wall- Manchukuo. This work may baum. shorne and Elsa Lotz. 295 pp. $2. well be read after Mr. Owen Lat- Yale University Press. New Havtimore's Manchuria – Cradle of This de a r "old faithful," Conflict. Even the general read- which appeared now for 46 en, Conn. er will find this volume intri- years, is a volume of 158 pages guing in the extreme, but states- with the usual addition of statis- This volume presents the remen, politicians, merchants, and tical charts, and a full account churchmen should read it to get of the Lutheran Missions in all sults of a study of religious their minds straightened out. the world, particularly those Every mission in China, Man- conducted by German societies. training in Sunday schools, unchukuo, and Korea, will find the The American statistics are discussion illuminating. One given in full and there are two der the auspices of the Institute feels the American and Euro- separate articles on American pean world is indebted to Mr. Lutheran Missions, one on the of Social and Religious Research, Kawakami for throwing upon mission work of the United Luthe screen a very clear view of theran Church, by Dr. Augustus of which Dr. John R. Mott is the War-Iord-ruled-China. Steimle of New York City and one by Pastor Kuechler of .Ger- Chairman. It portrays actual in- EDWIN J. THARP. many on the entire work of the American Lutheran boards. The stances of present-day Protes- E cum e n i c a I Handbook of the volume also contains articles on Ohurches of Christ. By D. C. the mission to Israel. The year- tant religious teaching as exam- Fabricius. Translated by Ethel T. book is almost indispensable in Scheffauer and Yvo O. WaIn. 118 its field. ined in personal visits to 150 pages. 2.50 R. M. Ev. Pressver- band fur Deutschland. Berlin- C. THEODORE BENZE. classrooms of church schools, Steglitz. Samuel Crowther of the Niger. By week day schools of religion, The author, a professor in the Jesse Page. Illus. 190 pp. 2s. University of Berlin, in the In- Pickering & Inglis. London. young people's societies, relitroduction discusses various aspects of Unity and Variety in This is a reprint of an earlier gious clubs, vacation schools, and the Christian Religion. This is biography of one of the most infollowed by a historical review teresting figures of modern mis- a summer camp. The classes of the several churches in Chris- sionaI'Y history. Bishop Crowtendom. The sketch is so ex- ther died in 1891 and had given were selected as representative haustive that one has the im- the MS of this book his approval pression that no church of any as to accuracy of statement. A of the best teaching to be found account has been passed by. in the United States. The con- clusion of the investigators is that, in spite of the emphasis on methods found in texts and teacher's training schools and colleges, the ability to teach in accordance with these views is limited to relatively few teach- ers, and the authors endeavor to show how methods of teacher's training could be modified so as to improve the quality of the in- struction that is now given. The volume is an important contribu- tion to an improved curriculum of teacher's training, and a man- ual of sound, practical advice for teachers. A. J. BROWN.

Dan Crawford of Luanza. By John Hawthorn. 8 vo. 96 pp. Ish. Pickering and Inglis, 14 Paternos- ter Row. London.

Among the pioneer mission- aries of Africa Dan Crawford occupies an honored place and is perhaps best known by his unique book, "Thinking Black."

There is a larger life history Thomas Nelson & Sons. New York. ite Place: Olivet"; "His Favorwritten by his son-in-law, but for 1933. ite Time: Evening"; "His Faan introduction to one who was This book for teachers and vorite Tone of Voice: Loud"; known as "The Gatherer of the students, primarily for use in "His Favorite Attitude Toward People" this brief story of his the classroom, treats of the "His- Man." thirty-seven years in the inte- torical Jesus" and the "Religious In "His Favorite Attitude Torior of the Dark Continent will Interpretation of Jesus." The ward Man," we find in a refreshbe found readable and inspiring. 36 chapters are admirably out- ing way how much more Jesus JAMES CANTINE. lined for study, with Scriptural wants to serve us than for us to references and questions bear- serve Him; and here the author ing on salient points. The writ- Many Moons Ago and Now. By er's comments and conclusions places his unerring finger on Katherine E. Gladfelter. Maps (In- modern Christianity's greatest are followed by questions for dian Reservations in the United need. If Christians would let States). Illustrations (of Indian discussion and lists of reference their Lord first serve them in arts and crafts), Indian music. 132 hours of Bible study and prayer pp. Friendship Press. New York. readings. The arguments are what mighty service they could 1932. then render Him. The book de- brief and not involved and the serves a wide reading. The great interest in the American Indians at this time, style most pleasing. HOWARD A. ADAIR. because of the atmosphere of adventure and also the exploitation The attitude of the author to The Near East. 78 pp. 1s. Church of the Indians by white men, Missionary Society. London. 1932. will make this a welcome book his subject may be summed up among boys and girls. It will Egypt and the Sudan, Palesenable them to enter into the in his own words, "the under- tine and Transjordania and Perlives of Indian youth. The open- sia form the scenes in which is ing chapter on "Motive and standing of Jesus is beset with carried on the work described Method" is not only indispensa- here. It is a study book on misble to the understanding of the problf3ms at every turn-some sion work for Moslems and the rest of the book but suggests a stories told are full of life and new kind of missionary meeting, historical, others religious." His hope. Much information is giv- en about Moslems, their beliefs that not only has atmosphere but aim to be· to tell how modern and surroundings. The story of makes far away peoples as real opportunities and transformaas our neighbors. The leader scholarship would solve them. tions in Persia is particularly of boys and girls who wants an thrilling. appealing program will find it The trend of the studies is to admirably portrayed. It is Indigenous Ideals in Pra.ctice. By bound to develop true concep- magnify what is called "modern W. F. Rowlands. Pamphlet. Is. tions of Indian life and customs. Children have "played Indian" scholarship" (the term is used The Indigenous Church in Peru. By but here is playas Indians play. John Ritchie. Pamphlet. 6d. The book is inclusive in its study so often as to lose its appeal) at World Dominion Press. London. of Eastern Indians, Plains In- 1932. the expense of the traditional These pamphlets relate to the interpretation. It is a scholarly book for scholars, but its conclu- sions leave our Gospel maimed and impotent and Jesus divorced of much that has made him unique and supreme in our lives.

It may lead the student to see in Jesus "an ideal example and the most powerful of all spiritual energies," but it will not help him to say "My Lord and My God." JAMES CANTINE.

dians, and Indians of the South- The Partiality of Jesus. By E. C. building up of native Christian west. To the body of the book churches in North China and has been added chapters on arts Comfort. 154 pp. $1.25. The Re- Peru. The policy is to do thisand crafts with practical sug- not by foreign mission workers formed Press. Grand Rapids, Mich- igan. 1933.

gestions for copying the simpler "This book was written by a and funds, but by simple evan- gelism and Gospel teaching and forms, and a number of Indian man who has failed," says the the development of self-supportsongs with the melodies and author in the foreword. But the ing, self-governing churches. words. There is also a complete reader hastens to say that it was Every mission worker will firid reference list. To anyone who written by a man who at last has it worth while to read these testiwonders whether boys and girls gloriously succeeded. The author monies. can be interested in missions, the has had such a rich religious exanswer is "try the book." There perience that he thinks God must The Gospel of John-His Life and is ample opportunity for any be partial-to sinners. Hence, Writings. Dr. W. H. Griffith the title. Thomas. 8 vo. 372 pp. 4s. Pickleader to enrich the program ering & Inglis. London. 1932. wit h additional information Here is a series of meditations from one's own home mission on Eight of our Lord's Favor- The late Griffith Thomas was work among the Indians. ites. "His Favorite Friend: The a reverent and stimulating Bible FRANK A. SMITH. Sinner" ; "His Favorite Book: teacher. His studies in the Gos- The Career and Signi£lcance of Jesus. Deuteronomy" ; "His Favorite pel of John bring little new light By Walter Bell Denny, Professor Name for Himself: The Son of on their teachings but they· are of Philosophy and Religion, Russell Man"; "His Favorite Title for God: My Father"; "His Favor- analytical, spiritual, construc- Sage College. 8 vo. 466 pp. Maps. tive and practical. They form an

~~Why I Lisfen The Finality of Jesus Christ. Robert Sunday

fo Minisfers~~ E. Speer. 386 pp. $3.00. Revell. New York. Supplies A 32-page booklet which aims to Make the Lukewarm The Holy Bible – King James Ver- Souno. sjJ/i-ilunl sion. 263 pp. $0.50. American e-¥'Os/hons o/lne Hot, but not mad Bible Society. New York. InlernoHonnlleJ'SUIlJ -loro//DenfJ/I//Rflliuns WISE folks dre sdying thdt if tem- Brevier Bible. 12 mo. P 54 G. pordl conditions dre to improve American Bible Society. New York. we must generdte more spiritudl power. To hdve more fdith in spirit- Heroes of the Cross. 4 volumes. Wil- Annual Report – American Board of udl forces more people must hdve the liam C. Burns; Gilmour of Mon- Friends for Foreign Mssions. 1932. LOYdl Ldymdn's confidence in whdt golia; Hudson Taylor; John Wil- American Board. Boston. the minister hdS to Sdy. This booklet, liam; J ames Chalmers; Abel of by d Idymdn of wide experience, in- Kwato; David Livingstone; Robert W. Eug.ene Sallee-Christ's Ambassa- spires thdt confidence. Moffat; Apolo and the Pigmies; dor. Annie Jenkins Salee. 256 pp. Pandita Ramabai; Mary Slessor; Southern B apt i s t Convention. Send d dime only, for your sdmple Rasalama and Heroes in Madagas- Nashville. copy. car. 96 pp. 1s. each. Marshall Morgan and Scott. London. Triumphant Christianity – Life and THE MAYWOOD PRESS Work of Lucy Seaman Bainbridge. Mother Whittemore's Modern Mira- A. H. McKinney. 206 pp. $2.00. BOI( 2554 Sidney Center, N. Y. cles. F. A. Robinson. 310 pp. Revell. New York. $2.00. Mission of Biblical Educa- When You tion. Canada. Die Evangelische Mission in Fern- Und Sudost-Asien, A u st r a lie n, Buy Books… My Lady's Golden Footprints. E. E. Amerika. Julius Richter. 488 pp. S. Enock. 317 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Gutersloh. Bertelsmann. 5 vol. Noted in "Our Missiondry & Inglis. London. $20.00. Book Shelf," remember that these can be obtained quickly Modern Tendencies in World Reli- The Land and Life of China. Wil- and conveniently through our gions. Charles Samuel Braden. 341 liam G. Sewell. lIlus. Map. 144 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. pp. 2s. Edinburgh House Press. Book Sfore London. My Life in the Moslem East. Emma At Thl..d Dod Reily St..eets Cochran Ponafidine. 320 pp. $3.50. Ho….isbu..g. Po. Bobbs-Merrill. New York.

Send for any book you wish. Bishop Montgomery. A Memoir. M. If you do not know the pub- M. 109 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. Lon- lisher or price, we will look don. the matter up and report promptly. Our Seal. Marshall Broomhall. 173 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland Mission. excellent introduction to the London. book for Bible classes. The problems and suggestions at the end Open Road in Persia. J. R. Richards. Susie Sorabji, Christian-Parsee Eduare especially stimulating. 68 pp. 1s. Church Missionary So- cationalist of Western India:. A ciety. London. Memoir by Her Sister, Cornelia New Books Sorabji. lIlus. 38. 6d. Oxford Out of My Life and Thought. Albert University Press. London. The Ambassador Supreme. Edward Schweitzer. 288 pp. $2.50. Henry D. Grant. 152 pp. $0.50. Presby- Holt. New York. Egypt Since Cromer. Vol. I, from terian Board of Publication. Rich- 1904-19. Lord Lloyd. 390 pp. 218. mond, Va. Religion in Our Times. Gaius Glenn Macmillan. London. Atkins. 330 pp. $3.00 Round Table The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett Press. New York. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. Hillman Streeter. 330 pp. $2.00. C. G. and Brenda Z. Seligman. 565 Macmillan. New York. Social Work Year Book-1933. Fred pp. lIlus. 428. Routledge. S. Hall. 680 pp. $4.00. Russell Ecumenical Handbook of ·the Church Sage Foundation. New York. The Passing of illle Black Kings. of Christ. D. C. Fabricius. R. M. Hugh Marshall Hole. 334 pp. 158. 2.50. Ev. Pressverband fUr Deutsch- The American Indian. George W. Philip Allan. London. land. Berlin. Hinman. 176 pp. $1.50. Revell New York. Zanahary in South Madagascar. An- drew Burgess. 251 pp. $1. Board The Castle on the Cliff. Kathleen M. of Foreign Missions. Minneapolis. Macleod. 96 pp. 18. Pickering and Inglis. London. The Word of the Cwss to Hindus. E. W. Thompson. 328 pp. 78. 6d. The Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians. Epworth Press. London. Charles R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. Presbyterian Board of Christan Islam and Moder>lism in Egypt. Education. Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Adams. 283 p. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Heart of Rachel. Winifred Raw- lings. 190 pp. 1s. 6d. Pickering The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saun- & Inglis. London. ders. lIlus. 224 pp. $1.75. Mac- millan. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Livingston Press. The Buddha and the. Ohrist. B. H. London. Streeter. (The Bampton Lectures for 1932). 235 pp. $2.00. Mac- The White African. G. A. Wilder. millan. New York. 192 pp. Morse Press. Bloomfield, N. J. The Indians of Canada. Diamond Jenness. 446 pp. $2.50. Depart- Lutheran Mission Year Book -1933. ment of Mines, National Museum of 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Canada. Leipszig. Germany.

[344 ]

Item. Canadian Keswick, in all of which he 1,180,000 Bibles Placed

has rendered significant service for Rt. Rev. George Graham Brown, the cause of Christ. THE GIDEONS Anglican Bishop in Jerusillem, is the new president of the Bible Lands Sun- *** in Hotel Bedrooms for the day School Union. Before coming to Jerusalem, Bishop Graham Brown Dr. and Mrs. R. E. 'McAlpine of the o Benefit of Those Who Travel was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Ox- Presbyterian Church, South, who have You are invited to have a part in this ford University. been missionaries in Japan since 1885, important work by sending a contribu- have recently been retired from ac- tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place *** tive service. The Nagoya Chapel, a Bible. founded by Dr. McAlpine, has devel- Dr. Mary Florence Denton, often oped into four organized churches con- Eligibility for Membership called "best known foreign woman in ducting five Sunday schools and work Japan," has been decorated by the at six country stations. The field of the work having now sur- Emperor in recognition of her 43 rounded the globe, has caused the openyears of service in the cause 6f educa- *** ing of membership to tion. She is a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for The Rev. George Van Bibber All Christian Business Men Foreign Missions and lives at Doshi- Shriver has been appointed the first sha University, Kyoto. missionary to India representing the THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per Arne I' i can Protestant Episcopal year. Write for particulars to *** Church. A careful estimate shows that the budget for five years will be THE GIDEONS Dr. Yoshimune Abe, well-known $10,020. minister and educator in the Japan The Christian Commercial Travelers' Methodist Church, has been elected Mr. Shriver, who has been study- Association of America, International president of Aoyama Gakuin in To- ing at the Kennedy School of Miskyo. Dr. Abe was graduated from sions, Hartford, in final preparation 202 So. State Street Chicago, Illinoi. Drew Seminary, Madison, N. J., in for his new work, is a graduate of 1915. the Calvert School, Baltimore, and of $175 a year. In 1906 he was Johns, Hopkins University. He is to elected corresponding secretary of the * *' * sail this summer to begin work under Missionary Society of the United Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal. Evangelical Church. In 1926 he was Dr. Roland V. Bingham, editor of The Metropolitan of Calcutta and the made honorary secretary. the Evangel:ical Christian, Toronto, Bishop of Dornakal have expressed and secretary of the Sudan Interior their thankfulness that the American *' *" * Mission, has recently celebrated the Church is to cooperate with them in fortieth anniversary of his entrance southern India. Rev. G. W. Painter, D.D., for thirty into active Christian work. Dr. Bing- years a pioneer missionary in China, ham was born in England 60 years The Rev. Canon W. E. S. Holland. died on March 7th, at Pulaski, Va., at ago, and after experience in the Sal- who has served as Principal of St. the age of 93. vation Army, founded the Sudan In- John's College, Agra, India, has reterior Mission. He has also been very cently retired from missionary serv- * * :II: active in the Evangelical Publishing ice and has returned to England after House, the Gowans Home, and the thirty-three years of service. Hol- John Polglase. first man in Singa- land Hall in Allahabad is named in pore to join the Methodist Church, Printin his honor. The Rev. T. D. Suley, of died in London in April at the age of the staff of St. John's College, is suc- 79. He rendered valuable help in When You Require It ceeding Canon Holland as principal. building up a successful lIalayia Con- ference. We wish to extend to you an invi- The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, D.D., tation to become acquainted with formerly a missionary in Turkey and '" * THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of for some years a secretary of the The Rev. Ephraim H. Jones, Bap- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. American Board of Commissioners tist missionary in Japan from 1884 for Foreign Missions, was recently to 1920, died on December 24, 1932. Thousands of institutions and individ- elected president of Ariatolia College. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Saloniki, Greece. He expects to take * * "* and have enjoyed a profitable printing up this work in September. Dr. Riggs association for years. comes of a line of missionaries who Mrs. William Borden, one of the have devoted their lives to giving the generous supporters of the REVIEW, Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Gospel to the people of Turkey. His and a warm friend of Christian Mis- Booklets. We have modern equipment grandfather, Elias Riggs, was a sions, died at her home in New York to meet all the requirements of your pioneer and a remarkable linguist. on May 9th, at the age of seventy-one. particular job. Our service is quick, His father, Dr. Edward W. Riggs, Mrs. Borden was a director oj' the careful and courteous. was a missionary in Marsovan, and American Bible Society and was ac- several brothers and sisters are also tive in many religious organizations. Why not allow us to estimate on your still working in that needy field. Her son, William W. Borden, of Yale, next printing ? You will be delighted 1909, died in Cairo, Egypt, about sixwith our product, price, and service. Obituary Notes teen years ago, while preparing for missionary work among the Moslems The Evangelical Press Dr. B. H. Niebel, an honored min- of China. A Mission Hospital was ister of the Evangelical Church for erected in his memory and is now Printers of fifty-two years died in Harrisburg, carried on by the China Inland Mis- Pennsylvania, on April 9th, at the age sion. The Missionary Review of the World of seventy-nine. Dr. Niebel was born in Pittsburgh, August 10, 1854. His *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: father and grandfather were both Evangelical ministers. Ben jam i n Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook died at Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, P.. Hershey Niebel was married in 1881 her home in Cambridge, Mass., on and began his ministry with a salary April 20th, after a long illness. She was fifty-nine years old. Mrs. Cook was deeply interested in the Federa- tion of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions.

– – – : Don't MISS Reading These Books ~~–

ROBERT E. SPEER'S GREATEST BOOK•••STONE LECTVRBS 193Z.1933 The Finality of ~esus Chris'

By ROBERT E. SPEER Prof. A. T. Robertson (Southern Baptist Theo. Sem.) Pre8ident Steven.on (Princeton Theo. Sem.) says: "The says: "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for good is immeasurable. I never enjoyed a course of lectures greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious litso much in my life and am reading the book with delight." erarure, • . • it will have a wide reading and a perma- nent influence in strengthening the faith." $3.00 ROBERT E. SPEER CLELAND BOYD McAFEE ~~Re-Thinking Missionstt The I)nt:u' Nerve 01 Missions Exomined "A clarion call for renewed efforts. Dr. McAfee goes Entirely free of antagonism or personalities, conceived to the heart of the missionary enterprise. • • • An in a spirit of sincere criticism and revealing in every para- illuminating study of the present situation."-United Pres- byrerian. $1.50 graph, a close, well-informed knowledge of, and acquaint- ance with, the subject. Boards, 50c.

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Seere",ry, American Missionary Association The Amerit:on Indion ond Moi-Dee 01 .he Moun'oins Chris'ion Missions An intriguing tale of present-day China, recounted in a A most important work on missions among American manner adaptable for missionary reading courses, as well Indians, the work undertaken by missionaries and the re- as for general use. $1.50 sults which have accrued. $1.50 H. I ATALL FLEMING REVELL COMPANY .58 Filth Avenue I-I. . . . . BOOK STORES NEW YORK Do Not Econotnize on Knowledge "Next to nobility of character, men have greatest reverence for those who have a knowledge of important facts."

TO KNOW THE FACTS ABOUT WORLD CONDITIONS READ AND PERSUADE OTHERS TO READ niB MISSIONARY ~~ NOTE THESE COMING ARTICLES PERSIA REVIVALS OF THE PAST CENTURY THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF ISLAM William Miller of Teheran Samuel M. Zwemer COMMUNISM OR CHRIST IN AMERICA SOME MOVING PICTURES IN BURMA John McDowell Raymond B. Buker CHRIST IN THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS CHRIST AND THE MODERN WORLD William J. Hutchins Mission Study Series Ask for the REVIEW at Your Booksellers and at Summer Conferences Subscriptions, $2.50 a year. Single Copies, 25 cents each J

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1932

1932

The Christmas Story in India Irene Mason Harper New Opportunities in New Persia R. E. Hoffman A Translator's Experiences in Africa A. W. Banfield New Hope for Spain R. H. Rainey What Success in Madagascar?

W. Kendall Gale A Typical Station in China Lois Anna Ely

Missions Ten Days' Journey on Faith I

Are presented in novel and very This man was usable form, for Missionary Meet- a leper for ings, as illustrations for sermons twenty years. and talks, or for personal inspir- Wholly unable ation, in to e~rn his living, or even The Presbyterian to walk, he was depend- BANNER ent on his motherless A Church weekly modern in young daughappearance, evangelical in creed, ter who begprogressive in contents, practical ged food to in help to ministers, ministers' keepthem wives and other active Church alive. workers; and prepared with special regard for the layman and He heard of the laywoman. the Chiengmai Leper Asylum, A Christian Companion Siam, one of the 150 leper colonies aided by the Mission to Lepers, and determined to seek refuge there. For the home, the study, mission- To reach Chiengmai, his daughter and the ten-year old son of a leper ary meeting, young people's neighbor pulled him on his cart for ten days, sleeping on the roadside meeting, Sunday school, and hour at night and begging for foodal! the way. of family and personal devotion; Both the man and the children were taken into the Mission Colony its many pages of "News of the and are now receiving care.. Others badly in need are also being Churches Everywhere," and its helped but there dre many, many more whom we shalf not be able to pages of vital editorials, are assist unless you come to our rescue. prepared by numerous selected Correspondents and WHEN YOU SEND GIFTS OF MONEY you are just as deFinitely Editorial Staff cleansing the lepers, as is the mdn on the Field who is binding up their wounds dnd witnessing to the love of Christ. Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks; Paul Patton AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, 156 Fifth Ave., Room 1119·RW, New York Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. I enclose $ …………. as my CHRISTMAS OFFERING for the lepers.

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$2.50 a year; to ministers, $2.00 s~z…~-T-H-E–BO-A-R-D–O-F -F-O-R-EI-G~N–M-IS-S-IO-N-S-~,~.IT., Special Introductory Offers: DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Laymen, 6 months . . . 51.00 YOUR GIFT NOW Ministers, 8 months . . . 51.00 WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING (Con.dion ond Forelsn Postoge Extro) OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Sample copy of THE BANNER INCOME FOR LIFE free on request. ERNEST P. HALL. Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Send your order to· PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

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StatAment of the ownership, management, Have you considered our special OF THE WORLD etc., required by the Act of Congress of Au~ Christmas offer of two subscriptions gust 24, 1912, of the Missionary Review of for $4.00? Send THE REVIEW to Delavan L. Pierson, Editor (he World, published monthly at Indianapolis, some friend or pastor or missionary as Indiana, for October 1, 1932. a Christmas gift. You will help in _V_o_l_._L_V___DEC., 1932_ _N_o_._1_2 three directioll~-The Cause of Christ, State of New York, County of Westchester, 55: the recipient and THE REVIEW. FRONTISPIECE .. , ……. 626 Here are some reasons. TOPICS OF THE TIMES B('iore me, a notary public, in and for the state and county aforesaid. personally ap.. *** The Aim of Modern Missions rH'an'o Delavan L. Pierson, who. having been The Storm Center in Asia duly sworn according to law, deposes and says "I congratulate you on the China num- Stanley Jones in Manchuria that he is the editor and business manager of ber. It is splendid-comprehensive and Foreign Students in America the Missionary Review of the World, and that constructive. We thank vou for it. I The REVlEW and the Depression the following is, to the best of his knowledge pass on my copies of the REVIEW and belief, a true statement of' the o,vnership, to a clergyman who fairly devours it." THE CHRISTMAS STORY management. etc., of the aforesaid lJubJic:-ltion IN INDIA …………. ,. 631 for the date shown in the above caption, re- HERBERT K. CASKEY, quired by the Act of Congress, August 24, 1912, Asheville, N. C. Irene Mason Harper t'mbotlicd in section 411. Postal Laws and Regulations. *** NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA ……… , .633 1. That the names and addresses of the "The REVIEW gets better and better vublisher, editor and business manager are: with every issue. I liked especially R. E. Hoffman your China issue and I believe the Publisher – Missionary Review Publishing November number is even better still." A TRANSLATOR'S EX- Co.• Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New PERIENCES IN AFRICA.636 York. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., General Secretary, A. W. Banfield Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. Pierson, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New World's Sunday School Association. NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN .. 639 York. w. H. Rainey *** 2. That the owners and the names and ad- A FOUR-YEAR-OLD MIS- dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 "In spite of the depression The MIS- SIONARY ………….. 642 per cent or more of total amount of stock are: SIONARY REVIEW OF THE nwner: Mis8ionary Review Publishing Co., WORLD is steadily going ahead not Marie G. Edwards Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York; Stock- only in its new dress but also in its holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden, New York; wealth of usable material for the pas- SOME TWICE BORN CHI- Edwin L. Bulkley, Englewood, N. J.; H. N. tor who would make 'the call of God NESE ……………… 643 Dougherty, New York; D. J. Fleming, New to go into all the world' real to his York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman, Princeton, people." Charles Ernest Scott N. J.; S. H. Gillespie, Morristown, N. J.; W. A. Harbison, New York; W. B. Hill, Pough- THE REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR, MILLIONS TRAPPED AND keepsie, N. Y.; Mary 1.. Howard, Hartford, IN PAIN ………… ,' .645 Conn.; Manly R. Hubbs, Huntington, L. 1.; Paterson, N, J. Mrs. A. McD. Kortright, Huntington. L. I.; A. Warburton Davidson R. A, Long, Kansas City, Mo.; Walter Mc- *** Dougall. Upper Montclair, N. J.; D. L. Pier- CHINA'S CALL FOR son, Upper Montclair, N. J.; E. B. D. Pierson, "I sent for a copy of The MISSION- CHRISTIAN DOCTORS. ,647 Upper Montclair, N. J.; James H. Post, New ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD York; S. F. Shattuck, Neenah, Wis.; R. E. and find it is beyond my expectation. Elliott 1. Osgood Speer, New York; Mrs. J, Livingston Taylor, I am very anxious for your October Cleveland, Ohio. number. The magazine will be profit- WHAT SUCCESS IN MAD- able to me through the year, so that I AGASCAR? … , ……. ,649 3. That the known bondbolders. mortgagees am asking you to send it to me." and other security holders owning or holding W. Kendall Gale 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, REV. M. L. BANISTER, mortgages or other securities are: None. Chester, S. C. TALKS WITH THE PIL- GRIMS IN BENARES …. 652 4. That the two paragraphs next above, *** giving the names of the owners, stockholdpTs, J. Chadwick Jackson and security holders, if any, contain not only Readers of The REVIEW will be glad the list of stockholders and security holders as to know that the contents of our A TYPICAL STATION IN they appear upon the books of the company monthly issues will be found indexed CHINA …………. , … 654 but also, in cases where the stockholder or in "The Reader's Guide to Periodical security holder appears upon the books of the Literature," published by the H. W. Lois Anna Ely company as trustee or in any other fiduciary Wilson Company, 950 University Ave- relation, the name of the person or corporation nue, New York. This is available for WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL for whom such trustee is acting, is given; reference in libraries. Don't let this TO THE JEWS? … , …. 656 also that the said two paragraphs contain keep you from subscribing. statements embracing affiant's full knowledge M. Zeidman and belief as to the circumstances and condi- *** tions under which stockholders and security EFFECTIVE WAY S 0 F holders who do not appear upon the books of You are making a splendid magazine, WORKING …………. 659 the company as trustees. hold stock and se- in some respects the most important curities in a capacity other than that of a bona in the country. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, WOMEN'S HOME MISSION corporation has any interest dirC'ct or indirect Orlando, Fla. BULLETIN., .. , . . . . . . " .. 662 in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. *** Edited by Anne Seesholtz DELAV AN L. PIERSON. We find THE REVIEW not only in- OUR WORLD-WIDE OUT- Editor and Business 1ianag-er. teresting but a valuable instrument LOOK., ……………. 665 in our study work and we are recom- Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28tJ, mending highly the China and Indian OUR MISSIONARY BOOKday of September, 1932, numbers, SHELF ……………. 676 [SEAL] MARGARET I. MARSTON, INDEX FOR 1932 ………. 679 EDITH ABER, Educational Secretary, Notary Public. National Council, Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St.. Indianapolis, My commission expires March 30, 1934. Protestant Episcopal Church. Indiana A Correction-General Chang'S Editorial and Business Office Testament 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Our attention has been called to an Entered as second-class matter at error on page 543 of our October Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under number where a wrong translation is Act of March 3, 1879. given for the inscription on the Chinese Bible. This should read: "In the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year 15th year of the Republic (1926). Under heaven there is no greater Foreign Postage 50 cents a year classic. Offered to you by Chang Chihchiang"; followed by the seal of Gen- Published monthly-All rights reserved eral Chang. The story of this distin- Copyrighted 1932 by the guished Chinese Christian appears, with his portrait, on pages 604 and MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- 605 of our November number. LISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary S.UIl'EL McCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTO" T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS SA~IUEL M. ZWEMER

THE COMING GENERATION-YOUNG WOMEN AND CHILDREN

THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL IN MESHED.

HELPING THE lOOMING GENERATION-BOYS AND TEACHERS IN THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL IN MESHED THE GROWTH OF A NEW CIVILIZATION IN PERSIA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL RF;VIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THE AIM OF MODERN MISSIONS statement, "is the good news of a Divine act i.n history, of the Word made flesh. Apart from thIS The central aim of missionary work is "the per- there is no Christian mission. In face of the sonal conversion of men to a new life in Christ, powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the to complete surrender to God and to new ~elations world today, we reaffirm our faith that the reveof love with their fellow-men." This statement lation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverwas issued by the International Missionary Coun- ance for mankind, and that alone can provide the cil at its meeting in Herrnhut, Germany, last July. foundation for an order of society that will be Representatives of twenty-five different nations according to the will of God." were present, including Christians from the mission fields, as well as representatives of mission Everything in the missionary activity of the boards in the West, so that the findings may be Protestant Church should serve the one dominant taken to represent evangelical missionary think- purpose of making clear the reality of Jesus ing around the world. All Christian missionary Christ and His full Message, with all its implicawork~educational, medical, industrial and liter- tions. ary-is recognized as subordinate to the central purpose of "making clear the message of Jesus The task is one, though the forms in which it Christ in all its fulness." must be carried to completion are many. "A liv- ing faith must show its effects and fruits in every The expansion of western civilization through- department of human life. We must not shrink out the world is disintegrating the traditional from an uncompromising protest against all that thought and customs among these backward is un-Christian in modern thought and life." peoples. Millions have scarcely the bare necessities of life, though God has provided an abundant Human powers are wholly inadequate for the supply. All are weary of international disputes, tasks before us. The Holy Spirit must inspire and racial hatreds, bitter controversies and communal empower us, enlightening our souls "with celestial strife. Men are increasingly rebellious against fire." economic schemes which tend to concentrate the wealth of the world in the hands of a few and to One of the many hindrances to the fulfilment of exploit the masses for private gain. The youth the distinctive missionary purpose is the disagreeof today are being captivated by theories and ment between the Gospel and modern conception programs which do not derive their force and of the nature and destiny of man. It is part of authority from the Gospel and yet are exercising the world mission of the Church to examine, in over the minds and conduct of men an influence the light of the Gospel, the whole system of values often more extended and more revolutionary than on which the economic order and civilization rest. the Christian Church. It is a time for true repentance and regeneration. The committee at Herrnhut recommended: The Christian Church must face this situation 1. That the officers of the Council continue to enlist the courageously. Our missionary task is to make help of the best Christian minds in the world mission known by word and by life God's revelation of Himself and of His Way of Life through Jesus of Christianity, with a view to a more direct and effec- Christ. Personal piety, good advice, modern philosophies and human programs of reform are tive attack on non-Christian principles of thought and not sufficient to meet the needs of the world. What Christians have to give, says the Herrnhut action in the modern world; 2. That encouragement be given to the formation of groups in the different countries for the study of the Christian Message in relation to non-Christian forces; 3. That steps be taken to enable outstanding Christian thinkers in Europe and America to visit the important fields to lecture on Christianity and to discuss these questions with small groups; 4. That we keep in view the possibility of providing in- creased facilities for members of the younger Churches, [627 ]

who possess the necessary initial equipment, to pursue parently ready to face ostracism and world-wide their studies in the West and so avail themselves of the antagonism rather than acknowledge her error best help that the older Churches can give. and to give up personal control of the State she has brought into being. As in the case of Ger- The responsibility for meeting the challenge of many before the World War, militarists, whether modern thought belongs to the Christian Church right or wrong, are accused of refusing to allow as a whole. Much of the work done in this field treaties and the court of world opinion to turn is being done by other agencies. Anti-Christian elements in western civilization are everywhere them from their course. penetrating the mission field and creating serious The Lytton Commission of the League of Naobstacles to the advance of the Gospel. tions, which has been studying the situation on It is hoped that from the direction of mission- the ground, has now published its report which ary thought to these questions, from international finds Japan at fault in her disregard for China's contacts between individuals and groups, and from sovereignty and for her disregard of treaty oblithe meeting of informal groups in which the help gations. The Lytton report is thorough, fair and of leading Christian thinkers is enlisted, there diplomatic, acknowledging the provocation to may result a growing clarification of thought Japan and the need for readjustments, while seekwhich God may use for the vitalization 9f the ing a peaceful settlement of the difficulties. Ten whole ,missionary movement. principles are laid down which, if accepted by the contestants, would promote peace and contribute As to the task of evangelism, there is an urgent to the welfare of China and Japan and the develcall to a bolder and more convincing presentation opment of Manchuria. These principles include of Christ and His Message. The world is in des- the following points: perate need of regeneration. Christ calls men to a complete conversion of the mind and to a radi- 1. Settlement compatible with the interests of both China cally new life. Our evangelistic task is so to pre- and Japan. sent Christ to men that they will be confronted with the necessity of a real decision. The Churches 2. Consideration for the interests of the Soviet Union. and missions must cooperate in a more earnest 3. Observance of the League of Nations covenant, Kelevangelistic endeavor. The Herrnhut statement says: logg-Briand pact and Nine-Power treaty. 4. Recognition of the rights and interests of Japan in Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new life in Christ,' to complete surrender to God, and to new rela- Manchuria. tions of love with their fellow-men. From a true conver- 5. New treaties to restate the respective rights, intersion of heart and mind there must follow a new discernment of ways of living that are in accordance with the ests and responsibilities of both China and Japan in mind of Christ, and a new determination to wage war on Manchuria. the evils of society and to redress the wrongs of the world. 6. Provision for prompt settlement of minor disputes as they arise. We recommend that the National Christian Councils be 7. The Manchurian Government modified to acknowledge invited to undertake, and to encourage the Churches and the sovereignty of China, and secure a large measure missions in their areas to undertake, a fresh study of the of autonomy. methods of evangelism best suited for reaching different 8. Order in Manchuria maintained by gendarmerie, by classes of people; and that the officers of the International the withdrawal of other armed forces, and by non- Missionary Council include among their major tasks the aggression treaties. assisting and coordinating of such studies. 9. A new commercial treaty between China and Japan to promote equitable commercial relations between the This statement of the Primary Aim of Chris- two countries. tian Missions is especially timely in view of the 10. Temporary international cooperation in the reconrecent report of the Appraisal Commission of the struction of China. Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry. The impartiality of this report is indicated by THE STORM CENTER IN ASIA the fact that both Japan and China consider it unsatisfactory. Japan declares that she will not War is caused generally by pride, covetousness, retreat from her position; China objects because ambition, misunderstandings and fear rather Manchuria is not returned to her unequivocally than by a spirit of active hostility and premedi- and she rejects the suggestion of international cotated aggression. Japan and China are both operation in her own national reconstruction. strong nations and should be friends but irritations have stirred up strife. Having entered on There is hope that Japan will yet be guided by a campaign to control Manchuria through a pup- wisdom rather than by pride and that some way pet government, japan is unwilling to retreat. The may be found to preserve her interests in a way opinion of the civilized world condemns Japan's compatible with justice to the Chinese and to the militaristic program in the newly formed state of welfare of Manchuria. In the meantime de- Manchukuo but the Japanese Government is ap- sultory fighting continues in the disputed terri- tory; Japan is expending huge sums which she can ill afford; her foreign trade has fallen off so that she faces bankruptcy; social unrest grows among her own people and international compli-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cations threaten her life. The Japanese are a up and down the lines while airplanes buzz over- virile and a capable people and there are forces head looking for roving bands … I was told from working in the Empire for peace and interna- reliable sources that banditry is now a hundred tional justice that may yet make their influence times worse than it was under the old rule …

felt. If China can set her own house in order, The country outside the railway center is chaos her neighbors will be more eager to preserve … Militarism is not only wicked, it is stupid!"

friendly relations. There must be agreement be- FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA tween China and Japan before they can walk to- gether in peace. Over three thousand foreign students are in America each year expecting to return to their STANLEY JONES IN MANCHURIA home lands to fill positions of leadership in politi- cal, business, industrial and educational spheres. In the midst of civil warfare, Dr. E. Stanley Jones Most of these students represent the cream of the has conducted his first meetings in the China nations from which they come, though some are Evangelistic Campaign. In Mukden, "the center radical and undesirable. About one-third are of war-torn Manchuria," he found that the J ap- supported by their home governments and by anese had closed temporarily all schools and col- scholarships; another third come with money leges, except the mission schools. Many Chinese supplied by parents and friends. The remaining business men and foreigners had fled to escape third must depend on part-time and vacation emdanger and chaos. During a meeting to 'welcome ployment in America to meet expenses. Among Dr. Jones a Japanese airplane swooped low to these are the most earnest and desirable class. A investigate the nature of the gathering. Dr. Jones loss of opportunity to work their way will be a says: great handicap and may necessitate their return "One night seven hundred Manchukuo troops home. This will be a distinct set-back to the promutinied, killed their Japanese officers and burned motion of international understanding and goodthe arsenal and thirteen airplanes … Two nights will. later there was worse firing and some mission- In the present distress in America, due to unaries sat up all night with bullets whistling around employment, it has seemed to the Government their houses … Yet we carried on evangelistic officials in the Department of Labor that employmeetings during the day and night as though ment must first be provided for American citinothing were happening … The Chinese Chris- zens. According to a recent ruling by Secretary tians were wonderful in their poise. Many had Doak, foreign students, admitted on a non-quota come from bandit-infested regions and would basis, are forbidden to engage in any gainful emprobably lose all before getting back home, but ployment to help finance their education. This they carried on with cheerfulness and courage. ruling, no doubt due to the present unemployment … They laid their plans day by day for building situation, will, however, permit students to do odd this new Kingdom of God on the ruins of the old jobs in the houses where they live, but it prohibits kingdom. them from receiving wages for work which might "The morning meetings were for Christian give employment to American citizens. leaders who came from all over Manchuria. At Student leaders in many American institutions night the meetings were for non-Christians, affected by this ruling have sent protests to Secmostly intellectuals. The gates of the city were retary Doak quoting the objection of President closed at seven, so that many had to get through Livingston Farrand of Cornell that the ruling is the gates ·or remain outside all night. Yet they unfair, short-sighted and unwise. came and packed the building. When, after five Dr. Frederick B. Robinson, President of City nights of unfolding the meaning of the Gospel, I College, New York, says: asked those who would like to become Christians One of the most potent agencies for the promotion of to sign cards, two hundred and fifty did so. international understanding and good-will is the inter- "Conditions have changed in China since I was change of professors and students … To construe student here ten years ago. The soul of China has ma- part-time employment as labor, incompatible with the stu- tured. She is facing the deeper issues. The youth dents' privileges of study, is unwise and lacking in considare today most interested when one is dealing with the really great things of life. eration … The amount of work they can do is automati- cally limited by the requirements of the colleges them- "Japan is only very nominally holding Man- selves, and it is part of their educational experience. Its influence on our labor problem is negligible and the period churia as a whole. She controls only the railways of residence is limited … It is to be hoped that the law. and about 4,000 square miles out of 375,000 square will be interpreted broadly and generously.

miles of the country. Every railway station is Charles D. Hurrey, General Secretary of the like a fortress; camouflaged armored trains move Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign

Students, writes to us as follows, on the influence Peking Union Medical College, they were warmly of Secretary Doak's ruling: welcomed at International House and at other functions in their honor. One of the greatest Students from the Orient (excepting Filipinos), and needs of these foreign students in America is that those from Europe, Africa and almost everywhere (ex- they be brought into close touch with Christian cept Latin America), are threatened with deportation if homes and institutions and be shown the best that they work for money wages. Those who arrived in the our land and people can offer. United States before August 1, 1932, are allowed to work in the college community in partial payment for room, THE REVIEW AND THE DEPRESSION meals and tuition-but not for dollars. They may also do such work in vacations but not for money. Companionship in trial is good for the soul. The present financial depression has not passed us by, All foreign students are required to carry at least twelve but has threatened the very existence of the hours per week of college work in an approved institution REVIEW. In spite of drastic cuts in expenses, and of higher learning. The Department of Labor will prob- the help of many noble friends, the expense and ably not deport any foreign student who maintains his income would not balance. We were determined student status even if he is earning some money by preach- to avoid going into debt. What could be done- ing, lecturing, writing, or other legitimate student work. slowly starve, die by hara kiri, or seek rejuvena- tion. It is difficult. to make a ruling that would be uniformly just. I am convinced, however, that our government is These are days of crisis in religious and mis- right in insisting that each foreign student shall satisfy sionary spheres, at home and abroad. The evanhis nearest United States Consul that he is coming here gelical and evangelistic note in Christian missions as a bona fide student and that he has sufficient financial needs to be emphasized rather than silenced. The resources to cover his expenses; also that no student should REVIEW stands firmly for Christ as the Son of be admitted from a country that stipulates that he cannot God and the Saviour of men and for New Testa- return to that country (as, for example, Armenians from ment faith and works. It is the organ, not of any Turkey, Greece or Syria, White Russians from France or sect or organization or group of organizations, Czechoslovakia). All foreign students should be urged to but of a cause-the greatest cause-that of winhold in reserve sufficient funds to cover minimum cost of ning all men to Christ and His Way of Life. Our return passage. Exceptions should be made for such for- reason for existence is to promote the Christian eign students as are in distress due to circumstances be- campaign, to spread the knowledge of Christ and yond their control, e.g., earthquake, revolution, and illness. to extend His control over the hearts and minds In all such cases the student should be required to give and lives of all races and nations. proof of the truth of his story, and, wherever possible, should earn his way out, rather than receive a charity The REVIEW should continue, but how? Many gift. Loans to foreign students are seldom repaid by them letters of appreciation recently received have and consequently promote an unfriendly feeling. Students strengthened the conviction of the Editor and should be required to present references (at least from two Directors that the voice of the REVIEW should not of their professors) so that one may inquire concerning be silenced: the character, ability and record, before deciding whether to grant help. In cases of threatened deportation, the After much careful study and prayer a way has government might parole students in care of some welfare providentially been opened to continue to serve agency which would assume responsibility for seeing that the cause without lowering the standards. After such students returned home within a given time. December first the publication office is being moved to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and the edi- There are many good reasons for welcoming torial office to Upper Montclair, New Jersey. The foreign students to America and for offering them REVIEW will continue as a world-wide, interdeevery facility for study under friendly conditions. nominational, independent monthly and the Board It seems, however, that tne American Government of Directors and editorial council will cooperate is justified in taking any steps necessary to pre- to make it as effective and as widely useful as vent these students from further increasing un- possible. If the circulation could be increased to employment. The law should be intelligently and 25,000 (less than one in a 1,000 of Protestant benevolently applied. church members in America) we believe that the financial problem of the REVIEW could be solved. Needy, diligent, desirable students should not It is as difficult to publish a worthwhile magazine be prevented from their studies. Such a ruling without financial support as it is to maintain a would have barred from the United States many family without food. The economic situation has of the best students of the past-such as Kagawa disturbed the financial balance sheet, but the spiof Japan, Paik of Korea and others from China, ritual resources are unimpaired. We thank God India, Latin America and Europe. and take courage for a new advance.

Many efforts are made to make incoming oriental and other foreign students feel at home in America. The Student Division of the National Council of the Y. M. C. A., the National Students' League and the Committee on Foreign Students .are very active in this respect. Recently when a party of seventeen Chinese students arrived in San Francisco, headed by Dr. Y. Y. Tsu, of the

by H. R

A FAMILIAR SCENE IN A PUNJAB VILLAGE. NORTH INDIA The Christmas Story In India .. =l{ By IRENE MASON HARPER. Moga, India ):..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Since 1914 W HEN the occidental reader enjoys the the villages, that I have made note of some of familiar story of Jesus' birth, or any other the familiar village sights that illuminate the Bible story, he needs help of study and Christmas story. imagination to get a vivid picture. The children in America and England have never seen houses Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of like those in which the people of the Bible lived, Judaea in the days of Herod the King, behold, nor used lamps like theirs. In teaching these Wise-men from the East came to Jerusalem, saystories to American children we must therefore ing, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? provide pictures or take the class to a museum. for we saw his star in the East and are come to . worship him. MATT. 2 :1-2. Not so the Bible teacher in India. There the story is vivid, for its details are seen all around. There is nothing strange to the Indian mind in If the class dramatizes the Bible lesson, no change learned and wealthy men taking such a long of costume is necessary. In accessories and spirit journey for such a purpose. Pilgrimage is familthe story is oriental and hence familiar. This new iar. Religious men continually pass through the vividness of Bible narratives has given me so villages on theIr way to distant shrines. Some much pleasure during the years in my home in of them are seeking a spiritual boon, and will India, especially when I have spent Christmas in sacrifice much to perform some special act of worship. Those of the Hindu faith who are truly [631 ]

searching for God readily understand the quest of another, as representative of all, with great cerethe Wise-men. mony laid in her tiny hands two bright silver rupees. And they came into the house and saw the young child with Mary his mother. MATT. 2 :11. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of One day we went to see a baby five days old in David, which is called Bethlehem. LUKE 2 :4. the village of B–. Crossing the sun-baked space before the home, we elbowed aside the oxen We see many a picture of such a journey along and asses eating from the manger against the the rough paths of our district. Often we meet a house wall, stooped through the low door, and little company, a tall black-haired man, his long entered the one room of the little mud hut. When draperies swishing about his muscular legs as he our smarting eyes were a little used to the smoke walks, and behind, on a small donkey, the slight young wife, her soft head-drapery partly conceal- Photograph by H. R. Ferger. ing her face. Doubtless they are going back to INDIA ILLUSTRATING THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT the ancestral village. All their luggage is a couple of brass vessels and a small bundle or two slung of the cooking fire, we could see against the across the donkey's back. Food for the journey shadowy background of the rough bare walls a is tied in the corner of the wife's shawl. lovely picture. The mother was seated on a low stool, her clothing, dull in color but gracefully And she brought forth her first born son and draped, shrouding herself and the tiny infant. laid him in a manger. LUKE 2 :7. The red glow of the charcoal fire shone on her face bent low above the child. In such a setting The boys and girls of our village would not shepherds and wise-men "came into the house," understand Luther's Cradle Hymn, and saw the Babe whose birth brought hope to the depressed and handicapped, like this wee "un- Away in a manger, touchable" in a Panjab village. No crib for his bed, And opening their treasures they offered unto The little Lord Jesus, him gifts. MATT. 2 :11. Laid down his sweet head, A common birth custom. I remember when a for the babies they know never have cribs or group of village Christians came to greet our dainty beds. They just lie on the floor or on a first-born. One old man took her· in his arms and cotton rug spread on the rope bed of the family. I never saw one lying in a manger, but the mangers are often the size and shape of a baby's crib!

And the glory of the Lord shone round about them. LUKE 2 :9.

What beautiful nights we have in our village! The stars always seem nearer and more brilliant than they do in America. As we sat on Christmas Eve, in the midst of a village Christian group, their happy, upturned faces lighted by those wonderful stars, I thought, "It must have been just such a night as this!" It seemed as if some of the glory of His coming shone around the people as their strange haunting melody rang out in the quiet night, "Raja Raja aya"-The King, the King has come.

Yes, the "old, old story" is easy for the village people of India to understand-if they hear it. "But how shall they hear without a preacher, and how shall they preach unless they be sent?"

Do Foreign Missions Pay?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that· of the converted Brahmin, Narayan Sheshadri, before an audience in Philadelphia. His reply was to this effect: "This cultur~ audience convinces me that missions pay. Long after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was foreign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state, and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civi- lization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions."

What has been done for us, Christ can and will do for others in "all the world."

NeW" Opportunities in NeW"

By R. E. HOFFMAN, M. D. j:..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

T HE six years since the accession to the write, and they were chiefly the religious mullahs. throne of the present king, Reza Shah Pah- Now schools of modern type are multiplying, and lavi, have seen a rapid awakening of this the newly educated are hungrily devouring everyancient land which had lain so long dormant, thing in print: local newspapers, religious liter- apart from the rushing world. Modern trans- ature, novels translated from the French, Russian portation, modern schools and hospitals, modern and English, books on travel, lurid advertise- ways of living and a new patriotism under a pro- ments of automobiles and facial creams and pat- gressive ruler, are displacing the old isolation, ent medicines! There are schools for girls also, ancient Arabic learning, strict veiling of women, and literature for women is in demand. Those old corrupt dynasty and control for twelve cen- who can not read are eager to hear, and often one turies by the religious Mohammedan mullahs. man may be seen reading to a roomful of illiter- The rapidity of these changes has thrust forward ates who hang eagerly on every word. All teach- a host of new problems that are baffling to the re- ing in primary schools must be given in the Per- organized government, which deserves the sym- sian language; and this is further unifying the pathy and cooperation of all lovers of progress. nation by eliminating Turkish, Armenian, Kur- Certain features of the awakening are the follow- dish and other smaller tongues.

ing: For a hundred years Christian missionaries 1. Transportation has changed completely. have conducted schools in Persia and some of Motor roads are being built with feverish haste. these have grown to considerable size. These Wide, straight avenues are cutting their way schools are now found in ten principal cities. ruthlessly through the old cities, with their maze Their graduates hold many positions of leadership of narrow, winding alleys; sacred graveyards are in the government, and are of great value as being torn up and the gravestones used to build teachers in the public schools. Now their opporsidewalks. Telegraph and telephone, mail serv- tunity is greater than ever before for influencing ice by motor car and airplane have brought in a still more deeply and vitally the thinking of an flood of new interests. More Persians are visit- entire nation, not only in their classrooms but ing foreign lands and more foreigners are com- through religious, health and economic literature ing to Persia every year. A journey of 500 miles of a sound kind. The Russian Bolsheviks are used to require two weeks by carriage or nearly carrying on extensive· propaganda.

a month by caravan, but now takes but two days by automobile or four hours by airplane. Com- III. Great Social and Political Changes are munities were so widely isolated by deserts that taking place. Every Persian male subject must each lived its own provincial life, but have sud- wear the new Pahlavi cap, which has a visor, a denly been brought close together by the miracle thing always abhorrent to strict Mohammedans.

of modern transportation, and now this land of The turban is forbidden, except to a few with vast open spaces has become a nation! New written permits to wear it, who are engaged in ideas and new customs spread like wildfire. Fur- strictly religious study or work. There is increas- ther united by a common language and led by a ing freedom of women, many of whom are adopt- strong ruler for the achievement of a common ing European dress, attending school, traveling, destiny, this nation of only ten million people is becoming teachers and nurses, and taking an in- moving more rapidly than China or India with terest in public.affairs. A woman's auxiliary of their unwieldy hundreds of millions. the Society of the "Red Lion and Sun" (Persian Red Cross) was recently organized. Cinema II. Education is capturing the land. Twenty houses are springing up and showing Russian, years ago a mere 6 % of the people could read and German and American films-and the worst of [633 ]

these are the American wild west, gangster and ing that one need not wonder at the poverty. The other cheap films. The people are rapidly dividing economic value of human life and health is fully into two classes; those who can afford it are adopt- recognized by our own courts. Negligence coning western costumes and furniture, phonographs, tributing to injury or death is punishable by fine. stoves, pianos, private cars, liquors, tables and The Supreme Court of California granted $33,000 chairs, knives and forks; while those who are poor damages to 19 plaintiffs who had suffered from still hold on to the old, sitting on the floor, eating typhoid fever because of the bad water supply of with the fingers, riding on donkeys. Whether this the city of Pittsburg, California. Malaria was adoption of Western ways is a beneficial thing is one of the main reasons for the economic stagnaan academic question; the movement can not be tion of many southern states. The usual methchecked, and the American automobile is chiefly ods of screening, drainage and treatment emto blame. But it would seem that we ought to ployed by the Rockefeller Health Board cost 45 be friendly enough to point out to these learners cents to $1.00 per capita, and resulted in a comthe good, and warn against the evil, in the new plete economic change over large areas. Savings and dangerous things of our modern life. like this in Persia would increase the economic value of the individual citizen and accompanied The government is a limited monarchy. Mem- by health education, would enable him to live a bers of the Majliss (parliament) are elected by healthy life. If the lame, halt and blind could popular vote. Ministers and governors of the be rehabilitated instead of becoming beggars, if provinces are appointed by the Shah (king). Civil school children could have teeth attended to, eyes courts of justice have been established independ- refracted, and other defects corrected in their ent of the Mohammedan mujtahids (judges). early years, what a difference it would make in Extra-territoriality was abolished in 1927, and the public health and, very soon, in the standard foreigners must now be tried in the Persian of living! courts. The army has been modernized and is well drilled. There is compulsory military serv- In the old days of isolation, the minds of the ice of two years but students in recognized people were impervious to new teachings; the schools are exempt. The police are well organ- mullahs ruled the land and fanatically opposed all ized in all cities, and a system of road guards innovations. Ceremonial purity hopelessly conkeeps the highways safe for travel. New laws fused the health question; all running water was are legion, and whether they emanate from the pure; fatalism taught that every child must bring majliss, a minister or a local official they are im- out its smallpox, and 25 % of them died in the mediately enforced by the police so far as possi- process; disease was caused by the "evil eye," and ble. An effort is made to balance the national should be warded off by charms. Christianity budget, for the first time in centuries. was abhorred as standing for polytheism, the eat- ing of pork and drinking of wine, the wearing of IV. Poverty and disease go hand in hand. The European clothing, immorality of women (unveilpoverty of Persia is great. Probably 50 % of the ing), gambling, and war against Mohammedans. population have no assurance of tomorrow's In medicine the old "Hakims" (herb-doctors) bread, have insufficient clothing for the cold win- held the field. They attempted no surgery or ters, are unable to lay by anything for the fu- preventive medicine, but relied on herbs and diet. ture, and have nowhere to turn in illness or old age. The day laborer's wage is 15 to 40 cents, The new day has destroyed confidence in the old and there is much unemployment. The old feudal beliefs and made the people hungry for modern system grinds the peasants into the very soil. To medicine. I know several of the old Hakims who add to the difficulties, the national currency is on have sent their sons to Europe for medical educathe silver basis and has greatly depreciated re- tion. New hospitals are being built and old ones cently so that prices have gone up while wages improved so that in many cities very creditable have not. buildings and equipment are to be found. The Government Health Department is maintaining The ignorance of sanitary laws among the com- its doctors in all the cities of the land who report mon people is on a par with the poverty; in fact, epidemics, vaccinate the children for smallpox it is a chief cause of the poverty. There is no and supervise the health work of the place. The isolation of contagious diseases, no anti-tubercu- department regulates the practice of medicine, losis work, no popular sentiment supporting re- pharmacy and dentistry and is attempting to colform. Typhoid and typhus are endemic, malaria is prevalent, trachoma afflicts a large part of the lect vital statistics. population. There are so few doctors that 90 % of the ill never call a doctor at all. V. Americans in Persia, until recently, were our political representatives and the missiona- The economic waste from disease is so appall- ries. The American missionaries have worked

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA

almost exclusively in the north for a century, other organizations interested in the welfare of and now number nearly one hundred, including mankind, who could carryon limited projects in seventeen well qualified physicians and seven cooperation with both the Persian Health Departgraduate trained nurses. Their hospitals and ment and the missionary hospitals. schools were the best in the land and the foreign doctor enjoyed a peculiar prestige. People come The present wave of patriotism is exalting hundreds of miles for treatment, and tales of the things Persian, and belittling everything foreign. wonderful cures fill the land. These hospitals Not only is American prestige sharing in this dehave large dispensaries and do much general sur- cline, but the wave of "Uncle Shylock" feeling gery. In the old days they could not do much from Europe can be felt even to Persia. Our health teaching, for no one would listen, yet they films are suggesting to the Persians that Amerihave done a little in the field of preventive medi- can life consists chiefly of cow-punching, rescuing cine. They promoted smallpox vaccination for abducted girls, gangster warfare and walking like many years, until it was taken over by the Health Charlie Chaplin. The newspapers help in this in- Department of the government. They adminis- forming about American life by featuring such tered American Red Cross relief in times of earth- things as Chicago gunmen, lynchings, crooks in government life, murder trials and violation of the prohibition amendment. It is certainly the duty of patriotic Americans to promote as many useful, sane American contacts as possible, if only to counteract the bad advertising of the cheap cinema and sensational newspaper.

From "Women and Missions." VI. Some Problems and Oppo'rtunities may be mentioned, fields where the new government A STREET SCENE IN MODERN PERSIA greatly needs help, and help of a sort which Americans are especially fitted to render. quake and famine; now the Persian Society of the Red Lion and Sun occupies this field. A colony 1. A complete health survey of the whole land of lepers at Meshed is supported by the Moham- would be of great value in the more intelligent medan Shrine, but is given medical treatment by planning of every health project. Such a survey the missionary doctors, aided by the American should be made at once. Mission to Lepers, all working in cooperation. Recently health lectures have been given through 2. Literature on a wide variety of health suba cooperative arrangement between the mission- j~cts is needed, and if it is high class and wisely ary doctors, the government Department of Edu- distributed would be read eagerly by the newly cation and some local Persian physicians. educated thousands; such literature is available in abundance in English, so that the problem Because of the new Health Department and So- would be largely one of careful selection, translaciety of the Red Lion and Sun and the increasing tion into Persian, printing, and distribution. number of modern trained doctors, these hospitals face a new situation. They must modify 3. Various kinds of workers should be trained. their program to be most helpful to the govern- Physicians in public health work; social service ment's program, and are studying ways to do this. workers; midwives; nurses; hospital technicians. Possibly they can profitably give their attention Each type of worker presents a peculiar problem. more and more to preventive medicine, health teaching and specific, limited fields of work, like 4. Projects in demonstrating the care of cercampaigns against certain diseases, such as tuber- tain specific disease types would be of large value culosis, venereal diseases or trachoma, and in the if wisely conduded; such as a project in the care training of various types of medical workers. The of children with "surgical" tuberculosis, the opportunity should be inviting also to certain blind, lepers-this is being done at Meshed.

5. A skilled and resourceful American phar- macist attached to one of the Presbyterian hos- pitals could render important help to all the mis- sionary hospitals in the preparation and purchase of supplies, and to the government program in promoting the use of native remedies instead of imported drugs.

6. In the realms of child welfare and social service are inviting opportunities to set in motion influences for the improvement of living condi- tions.

A Translator's Experiences in

By the REV. A. W. BANFIELD, Lagos, Nigeria West Africa Secretary for the British and Foreign Bible Society ~PERIOD of twenty-five years in the prime stracts all kinds of help, and surrounded by a. of one's life is a long time to spend on one group of interested native helpers, each doing his task. These years of toil will either make utmost to assist in the translation.

or break a man. They will either harden or mel- Such is a dream picture; the reality is quite dif- low him. They will either reduce him to a mere ferent. The translator is a missionary who sits machine, or give him a world vision. If this task behind a table, but with no stack of books, unless has to do with God and eter- he has entered into the labors nal things, the man cannot be of others. Instead of alert, in- the same at the end as at the How would you go about the terested natives, the missionary beginning. task of learning a strange must do his utmost to keep his To study the sayings of language never yet reduced teacher interested and awake.

Jesus Christ, word by word, to writing? How would you One day a missionary took a and His wonderful miracles, undertake to translate Chris- photograph of his teacher fast to examine carefully the his- tian truth into a heathen asleep. When shown the pic- tories and prophecies of the tongue? What words would ture, the teacher said he was "holy men of God who spake as you use for God, love, salva- not asleep, but was simply they were moved by the Holy tion, holiness if the people meditating. The missionary's Spirit," to catch something of into whose language you are burning desire to translate the the power and inspiration of translating the Bible ,have no Word of God may not be his the message of the Bible, to be words to express these ideas? teacher's desire, especially if it carried away by the greatness Mr. Banfield describes the ro- is a new field. In fact, the de- and sacredness of the task al- mance and realities of Bible sire to learn and translate a lotted, is to be rewarded a hun- translation in Africa. book into their language is dredfold for all the time and often misunderstood.

prayer and toil spent. The During my years of language past twenty-five years have been the most fruitful study, I never had a teacher who could understand and the most blessed years of my life. The task a word of English, or who could even read in his which I have completed has been my heart's great own language. Now after twenty-five years, I desire and the propelling power of my life. This have completed a translation of the entire Bible God-given ambition has taken complete possession into the Nupe language, spoken by half a million of me, and has never left me day or night. people in Nigeria. While engaged in this task, I During the first years of language study in also compiled and printed a dictionary of the lan- Nupe, one of the most difficult of intoned African guage in two volumes of over thirteen thousand languages, I laid aside everything that might dis- words, wrote a grammar of 186 pages; collected tract my thoughts and even set aside all other and published a book containing 623 Nupe pro- reading. For two years I never read a paper or verbs; besides preparing many primers, hymnals, book in English, with the exception of my Bible. catechisms, text books, etc. And all these years I literally spoke, thought and dreamed in the diffi- I was secretary of my Mission, I built five mission cult language I was studying. stations in five different centres, doing much of Generally one who reads that a portion of the this work with my own hands. At different times, Bible has been translated into an African lan- I lived in these stations and traveled extensively.

guage, knows little or nothing of the years of The following notes from my diaries indicate preparation and toil before the work is attempted. some of the circumstances under which the trans- Perhaps he pictures a missionary sitting at a table lation of the Bible was made. The very first behind a huge stack of books from which he ab- verses of the Bible were translated in a little [ 636 ] grass hut in Patigi in July, 1902, where I lived a point to take my books along with me. For infor more than a year. The last verses were com- stance, my diary shows that the book of Psalms pleted on board a ship off the West Coast of Africa was typed off in 1918 while I was a passenger on a in July, 1927. Experiences between these two French frigate for twenty-one days between Dadates would fill volumes. homey and the Congo.

I first came to Nigeria in 1901, as one of the During 1918, my typewriter, books and clothes, four pioneer members of the Sudan Interior Mis- in fact all my boxes, floated about for a day in a sion. While on board the ship traveling out to native canoe half-full of water, while traveling on the West Coast of Africa, the doctor told the the Congo River. During the same journey, when leader of our party that they would bury me in my life was in danger in a cannibal village, I left six months. Now I am the only one of that party all my loads by the roadside and ran for over a alive. Two were invalided home inside of eight- day. My loads were eventually brought in to me een months; the other member died on the field three days later by a company of soldiers. At an- other time, all my boxes were dropped in the sea in 1903. off Sekendi, on the West African Coast. I nar- St. John's Gospel was the first book to be trans- rowly escaped the experience myself. When I came on board and complained to the ship's caplated-first in picked sentences, which were read tain, his reply was: "Lucky dog you are on board to the laborers then at work on our mud houses, at all." and later on in picked chapters, used in the same way, and in our little grass chapel. Each portion of the Bible is written off by hand four times and read through at least fifteen times In 1906, at Patigi on the Niger River, seven before the book is completed. I usually make missionaries representing three societies formed seven copies when I type off a book. One copy is a Nupe .Language Conference, and I was asked to interleaved and circulated among the members of prepare a translation of the four Gospels in Nupe. the Nupe Language Conference, who make their These Gospels were translated in Shenga, and suggestions or alterations on the interleaved after being passed by the Nupe Conference, were sheets. This copy is often in circulation for a printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society period of three years or more before it comes in 1908. This book was a great boon to our mis- back. It is then revised, retyped, and prepared sion work and was used as a text book in our for the press. Five copies are sent out to five schools. The children soon read the four Gospels Nupe mission stations to be used in daily readthrough many times and begged for more books ings. The remaining copy is for my own use. in their language. The choice of book to be translated is based on The Acts was next translated, printed by the the urgent need of that particular book.. Primi- Bible Society in 1912. It is comparatively easy tive peoples dearly love the historical narrative of to translate the Story of Jesus as given in the the Bible. They have so much in common with Gospels, but it is quite a different matter to trans- these old writings; in fact, millions of them are late the doctrines of St. Paul or St. James. living today under conditions resembling those that existed in the days of Abraham. Slowly, a Christian vocabulary was coined and compiled. Suitable words were tried out and In 1909, a beginning was made of a translation adopted for faith, sin, heaven, righteousness, etc. of the Old Testament, remembering that the Many difficult religious words were held in abey- Christians in these parts are not content with ance, and substitutes used. Even now, after "half a Bible," as they call the New Testament, twenty-five years, some of these words are still in but insist on having the whole Word of God which, abeyance. they affirm, will bring them all the blessings of God. Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges and Ruth So great was the demand for portions of the were translated in this order. In 1923, I made a Word of God that two illustrated volumes of 370 tour of four months, traveling over a thousand pages, one containing 58 Old Testament stories, miles into Nigeria. During one stage of this and the other 60 from the New Testament, were journey I spent seventeen days in a canoe, being published in 1914. These stories were told in the poled up the Benue River. I had my books with words of the Scriptures, so that later when the me and, while alone for days and days without entire Bible should appear there would be no dif- seeing another white person, I translated the book ference in them. At different intervals during of Nehemiah. I was able to understand this wonthese twenty-five years, one or other of the books derful man of God better in these few days than of the Old Testament was translated, typewritten ever before. Oh, for men like Nehemiah in these and circulated. days! In 1915, I was appointed Secretary for the Brit- The mosquitoes and flying insects were so nuish and Foreign Bible Society for West Africa, and my time was much taken up in traveling throughout this vast agency, but I always made it

merous and various during the daytime that I was house was struck by the lightning. I was able to compelled to put up my mosquito net inside the save some of my traveling kit, but lost more than canoe and sit under it in order to do any work at half of it, including the first forty chapters of the all. Outside my net at night the hum sounded book of Isaiah, and the Bible that I had carried like a band. I have traveled hundreds of days in with me more than half way across Africa. It canoes on these rivers, and slept on the sandbanks would have been a strange providence if I had at night, but I do not remember ever having be- perished in the fire, having been brought all the fore seen geese, ducks, teal, and other wild birds way back for burial to my first station which I in such great numbers on the sandbanks. There had built twenty years before to the day. The were thousands in a single flock, and we were able people said when they came to sympathize with to get so close to them that my canoemen threw us: "If God did not love you, you would never sticks at them hoping to kill a few in that way. have got out of that burning building alive." One night, while sleeping on a sandbank during full moon, a huge hippopotamus came up out of My diary shows that the book of Ezekiel was the river onto the bank where I was sleeping and started on board a ship and completed on the walked round my camp bed. After he had satis- Sahara Desert in 1927. At one place, I was held fied himself, he gave a terrific -snort and went up for two days waiting for a ferry to take me into the river again. It is commonly believed in across the Kaduna River, and at another I waited these parts that even a lion would not attack a four days for a treacherous mountain stream to person sleeping under a mosquito net. Perhaps subside before I could cross it. Those precious the animal thinks it is a trap. moments were turned to good account.

On another occasion during 1923 while travel- While I was traveling on a steamer to Sierra ing in the interior of Nigeria, I arrived at Patigi, Leone I deliberately left the last three verses of my first mission station, in order to do some trans- the last chapter of Malachi until I should return lation work with a Nupe missionary. Soon after to the Bible House in Lagos, and there in my own my arrival, a terrific tornado up-rooted over hallowed room, shut in with God, on my knees, I eighty trees close to the mission. The first flash completed the translation of the Old Testament. of lightning struck the grass-roofed house in which we were living and set it on fire. We were Few have been called to translate the Bible into both stunned and thrown to the ground, and lay a primitive language; and perhaps not more than there for some time. I revived and found my one such translator in a thousand has been grantfriend lying face down on the floor in the burn- ed the honor and responsibility of giving the ing building. I took him out and then went back Word of God to a nation in their own mother to try and save a few of my belongings. The tongue, at the same time coining and discovering large roof was thatched with dry grass, and in hundreds of Scriptural terms, thus greatly enricha minute or two was burning fiercely from end to ing the primitive language. As I look back on end. The roof fell in three minutes after the the past twenty-five years my heart says: "Bless the Lord 0 my soul, and all that is within me bless His Holy Name."

Son of a Moslem Chief Defends F,air Play By William A. Eddy, Formerly on the Sta ff of the American University, Cairo, Egypt Ali Saif en Nasr is the son of a wealthy, proud, and de- neighbors against intolerance and bigotry, pleading "live vout Moslem Chief in the Fayoum Oasis. When he came and let live". He was threatened with uplifted canes and to the American University at Cairo it was with the under- was taunted with being a Christian. He jumped to his standing on his part that he would not submit to Christian feet, proclaiming his name and family, known well to all, "propaganda". As no one noticed this chip on his shoulder and exlaimed: he soon forgot to carry it around. Are you animals to fight with your claws? Shame on you. Can- Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly ac- not our religion persuade of its own self? If not, let us be converted tive in dormitory social life, athletics, college activities in to anything that will make us gentlemen. I am a Moslem, but there general, till he became the student cheer leader and super is no use being a Moslem unless we can conduct ourselves with ordi.. "fan"-a prophet of sportsmanship. He had forgotten his nary Christia.n courtesy. hostile attitude and attended daily and Sunday chapel as a part of college life to which he was devoted. But he The speech was not very successful, and he barely eswould have said that the college had not affected his reli- caped assault. It is to be feared that his disgust and gion. wrath found expression in words that did not show a "Christian courtesy". But he had learned the lesson of One evening he wandered into a downtown mass-meeting Gamaliel: that truth must rule though the heavens fall. of 500 sheikhs of the Azhar-the fundamentalist senate No nominal Christian could have protested against that of Islam. There he listened to an impassioned declaration lynching spirit as earnestly and fearlessly as he did. An against Christianity followed by a clamour to persecute outsider cannot "argue" devoted men out of their religion. all converts to Christianity. As the air grew heavy with The light must come from without but the reform must imprecations and threats, Ali protested with his nearest come from within. Believers like Ali become friends of the Nazarene.

New- Hope for

..:{ By the REV. W. H. RAINEY, London ): ..

Secretary for Western and Northern Africa, British and Foreign Bible Society A £"".T. 2E3L,E19G3R1A) Mbegfirnosm: Madrid (dated May their exercise is permitted in private and in public, "Yesterday the Spanish without any restrictions whatsoever other than those required in the interests of public order. Government proclaimed liberty of con- science and worship." .This paragraph in a morn- Under the terms of Article 3, Spanish Evan- ing newspaper, sandwiched in between motor ac- gelical Churches are promised all the liberty they cidents and the latest murder mystery, is of suffi- need to carry out their divine mission. While cient importance to appear in established Churches h a v e large type at the top of the been allowed to remain open front page. under the Directorate Govern- Down through the ages a ment, restrictions have made spiritual elete of Spaniards any development of their · have suffered poverty and work impossible. In provin- exile, and some have gone cial towns and rural districts cheerfully to a fiery death, .every effort was made to that they might win for their crush the Protestant work country this liberty of con- out of existence.

science and the right to wor- The case of Senora Car- ship. Their sacrifice has not men Padin is well remem- been in vain. The long-suf- bered. She was condemned fer i n g Spanish Protestant to three years' imprisonment Church comes at last to real- for blasphemy because she de- ize the dream of evangelical clared that Jesus had broth- Christians throughout the ers and sisters. She was world. This government de- released, after serving a por- cree also removes a reproach tion of her sentence, only that liberal-minded Spaniards through the personal influ- have always felt keenly for ence of President Doumergue Spain has been in recent of France. Mr. Wurtz, a years the only country in young English mIsSIOnary, Europe, with the exception of was also condemned to seven Russia, that denied religious BALCONY WHERE FltLIPE II USED TO WATCH years' imprisonment for havliberty to its citizens. Never ing declared, during a funeral THE BURNING OF PROTESTANT was pen used for a nobler "HERETICS" service, that no priest can for- purpose than when the new give sins. He appealed and a President of the · Spanish Republic signed this verdict was given in his favor, possibly through decree. the influence of the British Ambassador who sent The exact text, which is composed of three ar- a personal representative to watch the case. Such ticles, is as follows: attempts to return to medireval forms of coercion were bound to fail and to discredit the cause they 1. Nobody shall be required to declare his religious were intended to strengthen. . beliefs in any official act, or in the exercise of any State function. No functionary, whether civil or It is a notable fact that the circulation of the religious, shall enquire into the religious beliefs Scriptures actually increased in Spain during the of his subordinates or of any person who shall dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera. This appear before him. was not due to any special facilities granted by 2. No person shall be obliged, whatever his position in that regime. Indeed., the colportage work of the the State, to take part in any religious feast, ceremony or service. Bible societies was only possible as a commercial, 3. All forms of worship and religion are authorized, and and not a religious, enterprise. Spanish law pro- [639 ]

hibits "Any public manifestation of any religion The declaration of religious liberty was re- other than that of the State," and there was con- ceived with immense enthusiasm throughout stant danger lest the authorities should insist on Spain. This very enthusiasm contains an element considering the circulation of the Scriptures as of danger. In the early days of the republic in Protestant propaganda. On one occasion, when France, people seemed to think that there was three provincial governors had prohibited the cir- something magic in the very word "liberty," and culation of the Scriptures in their districts, I went could not understand why injustice and inequality with Don Adolfo Araujo, the Superintendent in did not immediately flee away. The reaction re- Spain of the British and Foreign Bible Society, sulting from disillusionment threatened the very with a letter of recommendation from the British existence of the new regime. Perhaps Spain too expects too much from a mere change of system.

A monarchy can be progressive and democratic; a republic may in reality be a despotism. A promi- nent Spaniard said to me: "We would have pre- ferred to retain the monarchy for the stability it gives, if it had only been possible to make it dem- ocratic,-but a Bourbon never learns."

The full benefit of a republican form of gov- ernment can be experienced only when the people are politically conscious and educated; to adopt such a system with 60% of illiteracy is a hazard- ous undertaking. Some South American repub- lics were, however, in an even worse condition when they made the same experiment and they have won their way through turmoil to a place among the great nations of the world. Spain may do the same, but storms will almost cer- tainly be encountered before the ship of state rides safely under proper guidance.

As ignorance is the enemy of democracy, one of the principal planks in the new government's SENORA ARANJA. SUPERINTENDENT (RIGHT). IN THE program is a determination to make Spain lit- DOORWAY OF THE BIBLE DEPOT IN MADRID erate. Education has been obligatory since 1857 but the lack of teachers and buildings has pre- Ambassador and obtained an interview with Gen- vented the law from being enforced even in the eral Martinez Anido, the Minister of the Interior. larger towns. It is said that even if every school He.received us in a large hall surrounded by sol- building in Madrid were filled to the utmost ca- diers and functionaries, and after the usual cour- pacity, there would still be 40,000 children in the tesies, began the conversation by saying: "The city that could not be accommodated. In provin- King and I were talking about your Society this cial towns and rural districts conditions are in- morning and we are agreed that you sell false finitely worse.

Bibles." He then went on to speak unfavorably The Protestant Church in Spain has set a good of Protestants and Protestant propaganda. We example in educational matters. It is rare to were on dangerous ground and I hastened to re- find a church without a primary school connect- ply: "Your Excellency, we have not come to see ed with it, and in higher education the Porvenir you on a religious, but on a business matter. The College of the German Mission at Madrid, and Scriptures circulated by our Society are British the Escuela Modelo of the Methodist Episcopal merchandise and are protected by Article I of the Church at Alicante, are favorably known Treaty of Commerce between our respective coun- throughout the land. The percentage of illiter- tries. May we rely on you to continue to grant acy among Spanish Protestants is probably not us the protection guaranteed by this treaty?" The more than 5%.

result of the interview was that the Minister not At Madrid there is a Union Theological Semi- only confirmed the protection to which we had a nary under the direction of an evangelical inter- right but accepted a beautifully bound copy of the national committee. The standard of acceptance Bible that he had previously declared to be false. is high and the three years' course of instruc- Under the new Decree Protestant Christians will tion given is on a par with that of the smaller be able to carryon · colportage work under the seminaries of the United States and Europe. It banner of religion instead of commerce. would not be difficult to increase the number of

NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN

pupils (at present there are only seven) but evan- A BIBLE COLPORTER IN A MADRID MARKET gelical work is on a small scale in Spain and is not capable of absorbing more than this number away with the abuse, but not with the Christ who of graduates. Under the new liberal government so loved men that He gave His life to save them. the evangelical work will no doubt expand rapidly The Bible, too, must remain, for it is the only auand enable the seminary to enlarge. A highly thentic account of His life and teaching." trained ministry is essential if Protestant work is to prosper under modern enlightened condi- The miner bought a set of Gospels and many of his companions followed his example. tions. The revolution has been conducted so far almost The hope of Spain is not in any change (in a new form) of government, although this will help without bloodshed, a fact that reflects great credit to bring favorable conditions. Salvation for the on the government and people. The burning of Spaniards will come through the proclamation of convents and other ecclesiastical buildings was the Christ as He is revealed in the Gospels, free largely a protest against the hostile attitude from the superstitions with which men have veiled adopted towards the Republic by Mgr. Segura, the His divine personality. In the rediscovery of the Archbishop of Toledo, primate of Spain. The of- Saviour is to be found the solution of the probfending Archbishop has now fled to Rome, but lems that face the young Republic. The language the Pope is more concerned in obtaining a favor- and literature and people arouse our admiration able concordat with the new Republic than in re- and it is with keen interest and deep affection dressing grievances. There is danger lest extrem- that we see Spain embark on this great adventure ists, animated by communist ideals and possibly and offer her the hand of fellowship in a spirit of assisted by Soviet funds, should take advantage true equality and fraternity. of the unsettled condition of the country to forward their own interests. Any su~h propaganda would be particularly dangerous because of the ignorance of the 'Spanish working-classes and the low economic level on which they live. They have undoubtedly many legitimate grievances of a very serious nature, the removal of which is a part of the burden that the new government must assume. A considerable portion of the workingclass in Spain still looks to Moscow as a terrestrial paradise and among this class is a deep-rooted hostility to all forms of religion. But experience has shown us that even the Communist is frequently accessible to good influence when approached in the right way. One day a Spanish colporter entered a tavern in a mining town of Asturias and found himself in the midst of a group of miners who, judging by their conversation, were Communists. At first they would not listen when he offered them the New Testament. "Religion brutalizes people and must go," said one of them. Another replied: "The personality of Christ is not repulsive to me: indeed, just the contrary; but people have so abused his name that it now has a sinister ring about it."

"By all means," said the colporter, "let us do The Mission Hospital Speaks I stand by the side of a river I stand by the side of a current That carries its freight to the sea. That's deeper by far than the sea.

There's never a port of any sort And storm-beaten craft of every draft But sends her sons to me. Come in to be hea.led by m e.

To me from the ships on the river But some have more sin than fever, They come to be eased of their pain, And some have more grief than pain.

But when they at length regain their strength God help me make whole both body and soul They' ce off to the ships again. Before they go out again.

By Dr. Hyla, S. Watter8, Me1JwdiBt Gettm"dl Hoepital, W ..h… ChinG.

A Four;Year;Old

By MARIE G. EDWARDS, Hillah, Iraq Missionary of the United Mission in Mesopotamia A T Christmas time a friend sent us a Scrip- Ben has an Arab friend, a taxi-driver, named I".. ture wall-motto that read: "Whoso put- Mohammad Haidar. This man, who had some- teth his trust in the Lord shall be safe" times come to read the Bible with Mr. Edwards, (Prov. 29 :25). This was hung up in the nursery had become a good friend of little Ben and would at HiIIah, Iraq. Before many days our boy Ben- sometimes come to take him out for a little drive jamin, who had celebrated his fourth birthday in about town. When he was memorizing the last September, asked: verse of the First Psalm Ben asked: "What does that picture say, Mummy?" "Mother, will Mohammad perish?"

I read the verse to him and he inquired: Benjamin, if Mohammad believes in the Lord "What does that mean?" Jesus Christ he will not perish," I answered.

I explained the words to him as well as I could This conversation took place on a Saturday and when he had memorized them I rewarded him afternoon not .long before Easter, when Mr. Ed- by giving him a kran (about 10 cents). He was wards was away on tour. On Sunday afternoon delighted, put the coin in his bank, and asked to Mohammad called with a message from Mr. Ed- be taught another verse. So the work began. He wards, and asked if he might take the children seemed to enjoy memorizing Scripture, both in out for a little drive. So our maid went with Arabic and in English, and before long had memo- Ben, Albert and Peggy for the ride, while I rized the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third Psalm, stayed at home with David.

John 3 :16, Romans 6 :23, and several other pas- The maid, Katie, reported the conversation that sages. had followed when Ben climbed up in the front As he came each day for more, I was soon at seat next to Mohammad. Before they had gone a loss to know what would be best to teach him. more than a few yards, he asked: Mr. Edwards suggested that we start with the "Mohammad, why aren't you a Christian? Why F{rst Psalm, but I protested that it was too ab- don't you believe in the Lord Jesus?"

stract for a child of Benjamin's age to grasp. "I don't know, Ben, I have been thinking about Nevertheless I began to teach it to him, thinking it," was the answer.

that it would at least keep him busy until further Ben recited John 3 :16 in Arabic four or five work could be planned. As he learned a verse times as fervently as he could.

he always asked what it meant and I answered as "I think I shall have to come and read some best I could. When we reached the last verse of more with your father," said Mohammad.

the Psalm, "The Lord knoweth the way of the After they had driven on for some distance, righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall per- Ben said: ish," he asked: "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God "Who are the ungodly? Who will perish ?" is eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord."

I reminded him of John 3 :16, which he had al- They drove on in silence. Again Ben broke the ready learned, and told him that whosoever be- silence by saying: lieveth in the Lord Jesus Christ shall be saved. "Whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be "Will those who do not believe perish?" safe."

I again reminded him that if we believe in the Mohammad turned to Katie and said: Lord Jesus Christ we will not perish but will be "That is a pretty good little missionary that is saved. so concerned about my soul."

There Is Healing in the Blood Blood has a most wonderful system of cleansing our dirty spots, of redeeming the body, curing it, creating new stuff in the body. When the apostie of Jesus Christ, John, meditated on the Blood of Jesus, that blood meant something fundamental to Christianity. Blood, though it does not appear on the surface of the body, is circulating everywhere inside. When hurt, blood goes to the injured place and revives and cures the wound. So with the love of Christ, and our sin. As blood cures the physical body so Christ cures our Toyohiko Kagawa. moral wounds. Christ's love revives us from spiritual death.

[642 ]

TVice Born

By the REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, D. D. Tsinan, Shantung Author of "China From Within", "Chinese Twice Born", Etc.

A WHITE LILY, rearing itself out of the muck firmly, refused. Daily he appeared in her pres- ence, brandishing a knife, and daily vowed that, .f"l…and without being soiled by the slime that if she did not recant, he would cut out her heart. Legally none could prevent him. To cut out hearts surrounds it, is a miracle. But it is a great- is not an infrequent thing in China. er miracle-if there are degrees in such-to see a soul born into gross heathenism, with all its sur- But to all curses and imprecations this timid rounding and interpenetrating defilement, yet and powerless girl steeled her heart, inflexible in through the work of the Holy Spirit, becoming a her determination to remain true to Christ at all new creation in Christ. Old things have passed costs. Then the husband decided to divorce heraway; all things have become new. This illus- again his legal right, but an unspeakable disgrace trates the thesis of Paul in his Epistle to the to a Chinese woman. Romans: "I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation In that world of multitudinous villages, not only to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first and is a baby girl not welcome, the mother is disalso to the Greek." graced and the father is often angry. The only good can come through the girl's marriage so In many hundreds of Chinese villages, in the that she must be betrothed as soon as possible. great pivotal province of Shantung, North China, Her own family's responsibility for her ceases at with its 45,000,000 people, I have seen this state- the earliest possible date. She has no title to rement abundantly verified-many times among all spect until she is the mother of a son. This girlsorts and conditions of men, among aged women wife knew only too clearly the dire lot of a woman (called "stupid") ; among bright, though unedu- Who belongs to nobody. Many a concubine, when cated, village women, among women educated in her husband becomes a Christian, refuses to be the ancient classical Chinese learning, and among put away, because of the unspeakable fate of a women sent to the United States to be trained in woman having no roof to shelter her. Neverthe- Western culture. This tremendous spiritual fact less this brave little girl-wife remained true to remains true-Jesus Christ "is able, to do ex- Christ. She was a born-again-one. ceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think." The Nicodemus-Like Seeker From many experiences I would stake my life First generation Christians, in any village comon the truthfulness of this conviction. Here are munity, are apt to experience much testing, as the some proofs that surge into my memory, illustrat- result of leaving "the venerable customs," coning how God does the impossible, using the weak nected with idolatry and ancestor worship. This things of the world to confound the mighty, and testing can run the whole gamut from detestable making it possible for the "things that are not petty nagging in the household to the most serito bring to naught the things that are." ous persecution by village bullies and headmen. Daughters-in-law in families of heathen mothers- A Country School Girl in-law are tragic illustrations of this situation. She was trained in the village grammar school For Christian girls this is a living hell. None and later developed into a charming young sympathize with her determination to continue to woman, one of our efficient Christian village worship the living and the true God. It requires school teachers. She was betrothed in babyhood Christian fortitude to stand up, day after day, to a boor whom she never saw until in the mar- month in and month out, for years, against conriage ceremony, he lifted the heavy embroidered tumely, contempt and abuse. This testing of cloth from her head. She was up against a situ- faith is one phase of what the Christians call ation as difficult as the battering down with her "rubbing in the salt." fist the Great Wall of China. Her husband began to threaten her, trying to force her to give up her I remember a Christian girl who, in nobility of "foreign devil Jesus doctrine." She gently, but spirit, silently endured the curses and the scorn [643 ]

of her husband's family. At last, she began to crowd and see what Jesus does for your wife I"

come at night (when her mother-in-law knew it On going into the house I found the Christian not) to be strengthened by her lady missionary husband in an inner room on his knees, and agon- friend, seeking guidance and instruction in her izing as he prayed: "Oh, Lord, have mercy upon purpose to serve Christ. When asked the secret us all, miserable offenders I Help me to love these of her enduring strength she quoted the Lord's men; and move upon them, by thy Holy Spirit, to Words to Joshua, "I will be with thee; I will not cause them to repent of their sins I"

fail thee." Her faith was built on the rock of No hypocrite could act thus-especially when he God's Word. knew that men were not looking at him. No won- T:he Elder Who Endured der that the Christians of the group of villages, constituting the church to which he belonged, When a man becomes a Christian, the break elected him one of their elders I with the hateful past must be so complete that he inevitably draws upon himself the venom of the A Great Sinner Saved heathen. The hoary and degrading customs, blas- "Doth Job serve God for nought? . . . All that phemies against God, gambling and lawsuiting, a man hath will he give for his skin." This is cheating and reviling, concubinage and slavery, Satan's philosophy· of life as applied to humans.

ancestor-worship and witchcraft, superstition and He sardonically laughs at our weakness. The sel- demon-worship, adultery and geomancy, the fish heart cannot understand the spirit of love and power of the priests-all rise up to smite him, sacrifice. The Boxer ruffians, during the cata- without and within. One of my dearest Chinese clysm of 1900, cut open the hearts of Christians friends, who knew travail as well as bodily tor- to find the secret of their bravery and their spirit ture, said to me: "Please salute for me your of fidelity to the Jesus God whom they served.

Christian friends in America, and convey to them Browbeating plays a great part in the heathen this message: 'Be thankful that you have been world; by it men seek to accomplish many pur- born in a country where there are no idols; you poses, not least in trying to make those recant have not been defiled by them as have we; their who have come out boldly for the Lord Jesus.

defilement has gone into us, as dye into cloth I' " One day, during the invasion by the Southern When a man really makes a break with all this, armies, a division of soldiers entered the ancient as my friend did, he must be a born-again man. walled city where one of our largest country In the young church it is pathetic to find one chapels is located. These Southern invaders had Christian in a village, living in spiritual isola- cast out of their ranks the more radical commun- tion, often hated, and with none to comfort or ists but the mass of their ranks is still imbued understand. My friend was thoroughly depend- with anti-foreign and anti-Christian teachings.

able, faithful and lovable. . One of the officers of this army faced us in one One day, when making my round among the of the largest rooms of our chapel, and saw the villages, by pre-arrangement, I found that this big Gospel posters and pictures of parables and man was expecting me-so were the village bullies miracles and Scripture verses on the wall. He who had prepared a warm reception for us both. was much displeased and began to brow beat the The elder's wife was an unbeliever, a heathen. Chinese pastor and the evangelist, saying, "You As I arrived in front of the elder's house, these cannot be patriots and be Christians." Then he bullies snatched handfuls of peanuts off the pile proceeded in his ignorant hatred of Jesus to slash drying on the threshing floor in front of the these Bible pictures and verses. In order still fur- watchful old lady, and twitted her about being ther to terrorize the Christians, he ordered the married to a "deserter of the ancient religion." soldiers to use their bayonets to puncture and de- Thus they worked her up to a pitch of uncon- stroy them.

trollable fury, until, as she "reviled the street," At our protest the officers uttered one of their she was a terrible sight. Women, thus wrought favorite slogans: "We have no Saviour but Sun up, sometimes burst the blood vessels of their eye Yat Sen. There can be no other."

balls and are blind for life or become helpless in- They threatened our leaders with imprecations valids. This wife let flow a torrent of vitupera- and finally forbade them to believe in Jesus saying tive filth, like lava from a volcano. that Chinese were entirely mistaken in believing As I came in front of the door, the fast gather- in any foreign deity, that Jesus was a God only ing crowd parted for me to pass, and as I did so of the West and that Chinese should be true to the leaders jeered: "Ah, ha I see how the foreign- their own religions. Pounding his sword on the devil Jesus religion acts on its converts. See table with a resounding thwack, the leading offi- how sweet-tempered, how gentle, how meek cer said, "You men are wrong in receiving this and mild she is I Come out! old man; face the foreign devil religion."

MILLIONS TRAPPED AND IN PAIN

The little evangelist then did something so fense on helpless people. At the slightest crossbrave that only those who knew the circumstances ing of their will such soldiers will use their bayocould appreciate it. Without impudence, and in nets, or club those who oppose them. The Chrisa gentle tone, but with firmness, he said to the tians, standing about and praying, felt that a great military officer, "Brother, you are mistaken. I am a very great sinner, and I have found Jesus marked effect had been made upon the officers and to be a very great Saviour." men by the fidelity and bravery of this humble witness. This gentle evangelist gave himself diligently to the service of the Lord, preaching for years on a This was evident later when, at the suggestion pitifully small salary, which often made it neces- of this evangelist and local pastor, we gave a feast sary for him to eat hard and unpalatable fare. to this leading officer in the inner court of our Like many other Chinese, he was almost tooth- chapel. At that feast the evangelist explained the less. I inwardly chuckled as I saw how his eyes Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and presented the shone, and his kindly smile revealed his new set officer with a New Testament, which he promised to read. In this and other crises this evangelist of store teeth. has proven himself a good soldier of the Lord The lawless soldiers are bold with a boldness Jesus.

of being armed and are able to commit any of- Millions Trapped and In Pain By A. WARBURTON DAVIDSON Hankow, China M UCH has been recently written about the lieved human pain and woe in this land. Sufferers suffering of animals caused by cruel are seen everywhere. Many dragging themselves methods of trapping. Often the poor through the dirty streets, seeming to belittle beasts endure long hours of agony in the traps. above the animal, but in reality men and women The thought of this has profoundly touched the like ourselves. When they can hobble along no longer they lie down and die in the dirt, neglected and shunned. Others spend weary days in pain in their dirty homes attended by ignorance. Neither night nor day bring relief. In these cruel times when deadly weapons have become so alarm- ingly common, it is impossible to estimate the number who suffer from gunshot wounds. Often they are left to groan and die in agony unless they are lucky enough to be near a hospital or a Christian missionary. The land is so big and the THE UNION HOSPITAL STRUCK BY THE FLOOD MAT SHED RELIEF HOSPITAL, NEAR HANKOW hearts of men and women, with the result that steps are being taken to end this needless suffering of animals.

As we sit here in the heart of China, we feel the inadequacy of the efforts to relieve the indescribable agony of millions of men, women and children in this distracted country. They are often trapped by circumstances over which they have no control, by ignorance, and, worst of all, by the cruel selfishness of their so-called rulers.

No pen can depict the enormous sum of unre-

population so enormous that even if the hospitals Chinese and foreign communities of Hankow. and missionaries were multiplied many times Undismayed by the flooding of their hospital, there would still be far too few. the doctors and staff put their whole strength into You can, in some measure, share all this suffer- the work of relieving the suffering caused by the ing _by imagining your own feelings when your flood. The full story of their self-sacrifice, the nearest and dearest is stricken by sudden pain in personal risks they bravely faced, and the service they rendered to humanity will never be known, BLACK HILLS REFUGEE MAT SHED ,CAMP but to those of us who are eye-witnesses it is at once an inspiration and a sacrament. The presthe dark hours of the night. Suppose there is no enceof human need and human pain sweep away telephone and no doctor within many days jour- all barriers of race or class. ney, what then? Even so you are still better off than the sufferers in China for you have a back- From the largest of the camps on the Yangtze ground of enlightenment, and many friendly a doctor recently wrote in the most casual way: neighbors are glad to come to your aid. Here, in "Professional duties prevented my getting home China, attended by superstition and the blackest for Christmas." Professional duties! But the ignorance, the sufferings of the patient are only motive power behind the work of mercy in these aggravated by advice. refugee camps is infinitely higher, deeper and wider than any mere language of convention can No feature of the life of this people touches us convey. While such lives are thus being lived in so deeply as this. No work so commends itself the sacrificial spirit of Jesus Christ no one need to our hearts and minds as that of the Christian lose hope for the future of the world. medical missionaries. These noble men and women give their lives for their patients, build Our present concern is for the renovation of the hospitals and train nurses for them, and in so Union Hospital, an institution of love and mercy doing are closely following in the footsteps of the which must be enabled to continue its good work. Great Physician, Jesus Christ. The new wing of the Women's Building and the Administrative block have suffered severely, and Since the terrible flood of 1931 the number of the nurses' dormitories, Chinese staff residences, sick and dying on the banks of the Yangtze has kitchens and servants' quarters must all be rebuilt, been greatly multiplied, and the doctors in the at a cost of not less than £6000. Wuhan cities have had to tackle the gigantic problem without the usual equipment. For months CHINESE AND FOREIGN MEDIOAL STAFF ON RELIEF WORK Union Hospital was under eighteen feet of water, making it impossible for work to be continued In the face of the present appalling human need even on the second floor. This was a great we must be possessed by the spirit expressed by catastrophe for the Union Hospital was the best Shelley: Central China has ever known; and its work of healing and training of healers is one that goes To defy power which seems omnipotent, to the root of the whole problem. The hospital To love and bear, to hope till hope creates buildings originally cost about $180,000 and were From its own wreck the thing it contemplates. brought into being by a union of The London Missionary Society and The Wesleyan Methodist Mis- It is hoped that many, like their Great Master, sionary Society. They were formally opened in will be touched with a feeling of compassion, and 1928, and since then the splendid work accom- will release the power of human sympathy and plished for the sick has been supported by the sacrificial love which will send the sum necessary to restart the Hankow Union Hospital on its noble work of healing and relieving human suffering.

China's Call for Christian

..:( By ELLIOTT 1. OSGOOD, M. D., Hiram, Ohio For Twenty-six Years Missionary at Chuchow, Anhwei N EARLY one hundred years have passed Missionaries have founded other medical since Dr. Peter Parker, sent out by the schools at strategic points through China which American Board of Commissioners of For- are so placed as to be reachable from all parts of eign Missions, opened a hospital for the treatment the country. The China Medical Board has sub- of eye diseases in South China. Through these sidized these schools, lifting them to high grade long years medicine has proven itself to be one of in work. The teaching is largely in Chinese, and the most potent keys for the unlocking of Chinese through these schools much of the medical litera- hearts to the claims of Christ. No group of ture has been translated.

missionaries has shown greater consecration, The University Hospital at the Drumtower in greater daring, greater devotion than have these Nanking is a fine example of a well equipped medi- doctors and nurses who, in imitation of Christ, cal center. In 1913 three hospitals in that city have followed the footsteps of Dr. Parker in heal- manned and financed by as many missions, united ing sick bodies and opening the eyes of blind souls. to form a medical department of the University of In 1915, when Christian medical work was at Nanking, and six missions now cooperate in the its high point, there were in China 383 doctors hospital work. It has a strong staff of foreign (277 men and 106 women) and 142 nurses work- and Chinese doctors and nurses. Their 1930 re- ing in 330 mission hospitals and 223 additional port showed 3,200 inpatients and over 40,000 dispensaries. They treated 104,000 inpatients and treatments given.

1,500,000 outpatients annually. In 1890 the China Medical Association was organized and since then national conventions have been held every two or three years and the "China Medical Journal" has been published.

Beginning with small dispensaries and poorly equipped hospitals, these medical missionaries have widely expanded their ministry. They now have a half dozen or more medical schools of Class A grade; a goodly number of splendidly equipped union medical centers; a Council of Health Educa- tion; nurses training schools, and about 150 small hospitals scattered through the country. They have found time to produce in Chinese a medical A HOSPITAL AT BATANG. WEST CHINA. BUILT BY DR. SHELTON dictionary with more than 15,000 technical terms, and have translated a goodly number of books on medicine, surgery and allied subjects. This University Hospital, although seized by The greatest medical school in China, and one the Army Medical Corps when the communists of the greatest medical institutions in the world, took that city in 1927, was a year later returned is the Peking Union Medical School, established to its missionary staff through the influence of through the China Medical Board, a branch of the Madame Kiang Kai-shek.

Rockefeller Foundation. This school has four de- But it is, we believe, in the small missionary partments: the Medical School, the Hospital, a hospitals, scattered widely through the provinces Research Institution and a Training School for of China, that the· medical missionaries find their Nurses. Owing to the paucity of medical litera- richest joy. Here is given opportunities to be- ture in the Chinese language, the teaching at Pek- come real "doctors of the old school." Here one ing is in English. Only students of the highest comes into the closest contact with the people.

scholastic grade are admitted. The money put into these mission hospitals has [647 ]

varied from a few thousands to perhaps fifty thou- condyles of the femur. We had neither absorbent sands of dollars. Too often the doctors have been cotton, nor could there be found even clean cot- oppressed by the burden of poor equipment but ton. From an old padded quilt was brought a they have ministered effectively to untold num- handful of dirt filled cotton. We had to boil it, bers of needy people. dirt and all, before it could be used to cover the Many cases which present themselves to the wounded surfaces. From a strawstack we pulled clinics are simple to handle. The patients have clean straw and stiffened its straight lines with not learned that dirt is the cause of most of their small bamboos. With this we bound and stiffened troubles. School children come with bodies cov- the leg so that it would not be injured by the han- ered with itch. Women enter with swollen jaws dling of those who carried him in a crude from decayed and abscessed teeth. There are the stretcher to the hospital.

innumerable boils and abscesses. Farmers come To homes of men of education and culture we with great sores on their legs aggravated by wad- have been called. In one we found a woman who ing in the rice fields and from the black plasters had swallowed a coin which had lodged in her they stick over the sores. There are eyes going esophagus. When we sought to explain to the blind with conjunctival ulcers and trachoma. husband what must be done he said, "Do what you Multitudes come who are dying with pernicious think wise, Doctor. We men have confidence· in malaria. you but you cannot explain anything to our women. They are so idiotic." A few years later this same man, after seeing what we could do in our mission girls school, experimented on his own daughter and found her mind as keen as those of his nephews. When later his wife bore him a son he came asking how we saved babies. Humbly he sat with a missionary mother as she told him of the simple but necessary things in the caring for babies. He went back home and taught his wife, with the result that he now has two healthy grown sons.

Men who would otherwise not listen to the Gos- pel will come miles to the hospital for healing. A common laborer, deadly sick with pernicious ma- A PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL AT HWAI YUEN. ANHWEI laria, got as far as the hospital gate only to sink into unconsciousness. There the doctor found him Not all of the cases, however, are as simple as and brought him back to life and health. In the these. In the beginning of our own clinical work later war days that same man risked his own -when we had no hospital, no operating room, no life to save the doctor and his family.

assistants except the personal teacher who was China is calling for consecrated Christian doc- initiating us into the mysteries of the Chinese tors and nurses, who are endowed with talent and language-some farmer friends brought in a boy, tact. Among China's four hundred millions of upon whose hand was an immense sarcoma. At people there are still less than 2,500 modern edu- their insistence, but doubting the wisdom of the cated doctors, Chinese and foreign together. Doc- act, we amputated the hand of the boy, the Chi- tors are needed who will teach them how to keep nese teacher having offered to aid in the giving of healthy, how to live; men to man more medical the anesthetic. God, with His healing mercy, was schools, to go on with translating and producing with us for the arm healed by first intention. medical and health literature, men and women Often we have been called to mud walled and who willingly go into the homes of the rich and thatched roofed homes in the darkness of the the huts of the poor in this healing ministry; night where ignorant midwives had done their nurses whose trained fingers are like those of the worst. By the light of a hanging lantern we have Master when He laid His hands upon the leper put the exhausted and torn mother to sleep and and upon the pain-racked bodies. Educated, cul- with instruments saved her when we could not tured, consecrated men and women are needed save an already dead babe. who will forget self as they face contagions and Out upon the trails we have been called on to epidemics; and who will forget their Occidental save many opium suicides. There we have lanced background so that they can enter into the most abscesses and pulled teeth. Not always could we sympathetic understanding with these Orientals be equipped for the emergencies which arose. who are desperately struggling toward that which Once a man accidentally shot himself through the only Christ can give them.

Success in Madagascar?

By W. KENDALL GALE, Anjozorobe, Madagascar ):- Provo de Tananarive I WISH that it were possible to write of Mada- affection for its moral teachings-the good being gascar Christianity in the glowing terms with the enemy of the best. My mature, unjaundiced which Stanley Jones can write of Christianity opinion about the Malagasy is, that his character in India. The problem in Madagascar is the char- is painfully unreliable; you scarcely bow when acter of the Malagasy; apart from this all other to believe him; you can rarely depend upon his hindrances to progress are just difficulties and not word, for either he is going far beyond the facts, problems at all. From what- or else he is concealing the real ever point of view you consider truth (almost by for c e of this great Island, whether com- The story of Christian Mis- habit) . You listen respectfully mercially, governmentally, edu- sions in Madagascar is one of and sympathetically, only to cationally, or religiously, the the miracles of modern mis- find that he has been decoying crux of the matter is the Mala- sions. It is a story of coura- you from the nest where the gasy himself. I can admit com- geous pioneering, of intense eggs or the young are. There mercial, educational, govern- hardship, of patient endur- is scarcely a day when I do not mental progress apart from ance, of prayer and sacrifice. hate myself for being suspi- character-but Christian prog- Then came the harvest-fol- cious of the Malagasy, but any ress? It is here only that one lowed by fierce persecution other attitude would lead the is doubtful about progress in and cruel death. But the missionary into positions hu- Madagascar. Church emerged tested and miliating and almost inextri- My twenty years in Mada- purified. Large churches were cable. In politeness the Mala- gascar have been spent among built and new harvests were gasy is the suave gentleman; in the Hova, the Bezanozano, the gathered. Then came the spite he is a demon. In hospi- Anativolo, the Sihanaka (a lit- French: what is the situation tality he is generous and gra- tie), and the Marofotsy tribes. today? Read and pray for cious; in retaliation he is ir- Of the other tribes I have only the Malagasy Christians. reconcilable.

superficial k now led g e, but The Malagasy I have met in twenty years in intimate touch twenty years who could be with the five peoples named ought to have given trusted with money can be counted on my thumbs.

one convictions about the native mind and char- It is a rare thing to find a native who has a duty- acter, and have a measure of correctness. Frank- conscience. A pastor may quit his church and ly, the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- people for any length of time, leaving them ut- appointing. I am not speaking through a larynx terly without leadership or Gospel, and that with- soured with bile; I am not out to malign anyone, out acquainting them or the missionary, and have but-the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- not a qualm of conscience. A teacher will also appointing. It is one of extraordinary complexity close down his school in the same inconsequential and inconsistency. manner. A given task and an obvious duty requir- The progress of the Kingdom of God in Mada- ing haste may be shelved for months, or thrust gascar is not hindered by the gross ignorance and out of the mind altogether.

dullness of the Malagasy, for the native is a keen Let me give one instance. The Roman Catho- business man, intelligent, alert, and even mentally lics, with a determination and an aggressiveness exceptional. Neither is it hindered by meanness, we can only commend, are making a tremendous for they are extremely liberal. Nor is progress effort to win Madagascar. That has to be met thwarted by stubborn unwillingness to listen to with a like industry on our part, and so, in April, the Gospel, or by the possession of a non-Chris- I started out on a six-months' tour of the Maro- tian religion which has some claim to esteem and fotsy country, to cover the whole area occupied [649 ]

by that tribe. The raw heathen out yonder is sionary society in Madagascar, began its work on neither Protestant nor Catholic. On May 23rd the coast in 1818 and in the capital in 1820, toil- I discovered three villages totally without means ing alone until after the great persecution, which of worship. Two I visited, broaching the matter ended with the death of the savage Queen Rajava- of commencing worship, passing on the same day lona I in 1861. The Friends, Anglicans, Roman to a village where I have a church and school. Catholics, European and American Norwegians Realizing the urgency of the case and the moral followed. The last in the field were la Mission de need of the people, I commissioned the pastor at Paris, which only took up work in Madagascar Maroadabokely to visit these three villages, get after the French occupation in 1895. A few years their signatures to a petition, send it off to the ago the Adventists invaded Madagascar.

government, and open worship. He agreed to go Union work in the capital has been established the following Thursday-not a great distance, in five directions: only two hours away. I returned to these villages (a) The Friends and the L. M. S. have joined on August 23rd, three months later, to join in forces at the Ambohipotsy Theological College.

worship with them, to encourage them, only to (b) The Friends, la Mission de Paris and the find that the pastor had never been near the place. L. M. S., together with the churches under their There js· Ito difficulty in opening churches in care, are united in the work and support of the Madagascar; I alone have started more than 200 Isan-Enim-Bolana, the native missionary society in villages where Christ had never been wor- which has extensive toil in the interior, organ- shipped. We can get new causes going; we can ized and directed from the capital. It supports put up church buildings; we can get money; we 30 native workers in the regions beyond.

can get crowds; what we have not as yet is a (c) Paul Minault School for the sons of wealth- character which is socially reliable, morally re- ier and more intelligent Malagasy, providing a su- liable, or even reliable in any particular, much less perior education for those who may be expected spiritually beautiful. That does not mean that to lead the next generation, unites the seven Prot- Christ has failed in Madagascar; it means that estant bodies laboring in Madagascar.

the Gospel has to deal with a character most seri- (d) The Foyer, the name given to the Y. M. C.

ously difficult, compared with which dense ignor- A. work in Tananarive, is generously supported ance and evil-living are almost trifles. The Mala- by all the Protestant societies, each contributing gasy character is not criminally bad, nor morally money, service, ideas.

detestable, it is twisty to exasperation, unreliable (e) The Inter-Missionary Committee, similar to desperation, slippery rather than slimy. It is to those which exist in China, and India, and else- not a weak character, nor filthy beyond what you where, has been fruitful in arresting abuses, and would expect; we have not to deal with a stupid in winning concessions from a government which people like the Australian aborigines. In a word: might not have conceded had a less powerful body the Malagasy is crooked rather than ignorantly demanded them.

irresponsible. If I mistake not, the crook is also In each of the above the Malagasy predomi- the problem in the west. Christ has captured the nate on committees; they are not dominated by imagination of the Malagasy but not his heart, Europeans.

has touched his admiration but not his conduct. Each society laboring in the capital has mag- The Indian is incorrigibly religious-according to nificent institutional work, such as Boys' and Stanley Jones;. the Malagasy is incorrigibly Girls' Homes, Boys' and Girls' Schools, industrial twisty. departments, printing presses, Bible and book de- This fact has to be taken into account in esti- pots, Normal schools to prepare boys and girls mating the success or failure of the Gospel in for the teacher's brevet. Not less than a dozen Madagascar. In the matter of extension, we in definitely religious journals are poured out of the this district have a great story to tell and it is various mission presses in Tananarive, some the same throughout the Island. Religion in Mad- weeklies, some monthlies, and some two-month- agascar is an abounding success; the progress of lies. It is almost impossible to estimate the Christianity in Madagascar is somewhat doubt- amount of really valuable and indispensable serv- ful. Talk to any Malagasy about this or that na- ice the various Protestant societies are rendering tional defect and he will at once admit it-the en- the capital, and through it the whole Island. Both tire population would admit it-but set about al- in quality and quantity this is gigantic; remove tering it, seeking a change of heart· personally or it suddenly and there would be a vast and catas- nationally, no! The common excuse is: "I am trophic collapse morally.

only a human being, therefore what can you ex- In the country, Imerina, the central province pect?" In spite of all I am still an optimist. in Madagascar, are churched from end to end.

The London Missionary Society, the parent mis- From the summit of the hill on which the ancient

WHAT SUCCESS IN MADAGASCAR?

palace stands, you can count 119 L. M. S. churches tion school, etc. At this station there is a pastoral alone-the hill named Manjakamiadana in Tanan- school, a Boys' Home, a station school, a huge arive; In the Bezanozano country as recently as workshop under the charge of a European, where 1913 there were only eleven churches; today there various trades are taught, medical work, book are sixty-six. In the Anativolo tribe there are shop. At other stations there are leper asylums. now twenty-five churches, where there were only a scattered half-dozen a decade ago, and thirteen Christian work in Madgascar is magnificently schools where there were but two, so small as to staffed and organized; it throbs with energy and accommodate but twenty-six and twenty-eight enthusiasm. Alas that so much of its energy and scholars respectively. Among the dark, sad sav- enthusiasm should be neutralized by a character age Marofotsy tribe, there are one hundred and that is unstable, wriggly, unsatisfactory, undethree churches, where twenty years ago there was pendable. This we are endeavoring to combat by not a single miniature Bethel radiating even a a very extensive house-to-house visitation, a deep, glow-worm's feeble point of light; even ten years serious, earnest attempt to win adher~nts for ago there were only six churches. Christ, and to win communicants from a slack During my twenty-two years in Madagascar, the L. M. S. has established new stations at An- attachment to the Saviour-a loose, nerveless dejozorobe, Omerimandroso, and Mandritsara. votion-to a surrender that is absolute and final. Othersocieties have also established new stations in the interior and on the coast. The Friends have We have the institutions; we have the means; settled two men on the west coast at Maintirano. (the sum to send our native delegate to the J eru- Each mission station is a. colony of industry and industries. At Imerimandroso there are three salem Conference was over-subscribed in a few European missionaries, a seminary, hostel, hos- days), we have the crowds, but so far Simon has pital, with capable native doctor and staff, a sta- not become Peter, John Mark does not satisfy Paul. At present the Malagasy is still exasperat- ing in his unreliability. But "the crooked skall be made straight."

A Letter from Colcord, West Virginia During our annual School of Missions at the Pattie C. edge of Christ as their personal Saviour. One man with whom we had worked and prayed for two years made a Stockdale School in West Virginia some of our young peo- ple dedicated their lives to full time service. Shortly profession but found no peace. One night he said, "I have something to make right. If I live till tomorrow afterward four men came to offer themselves for any work that they could do. They were too old and too untutored night I will stand with the Christians." The next night his face was radiant. The last drop of liquor had been for missionary work and they had their families to sup- thrown out of his house and he and his wife testified to a port, but they wanted to be winners of souls. A consecra- joy which they had never known before. . tion service was held and these men pledged themselves There is great destitution in our valley. Whole families to conduct Sunday schools, hold prayer meetings, or do definite personal work at any hour of the night that they have not a pair of shoes in the house and cold weather might be needed. It was a scene never to be forgotten is here. Many children are out of school because of lack of clothing. Yet there is a beautiful spirit of gratitude. when they knelt and each prayed the Lord to take his On a recent trip up-the-river we stopped at four places. life and use it. At the first we were given a sweet potato pumpkin, large Two years ago these men were intemperate and profane. enough to make pies for our family of fifty. It had been Now the voice of prayer is heard in their homes, instead saved for us for several days. At the second house the rheumatic old woman went out and got us cabbages from of cursing. One of the men a year ago came to service so drunk that he said he was not fit to come inside. In an her meager store. In the third home the children brought hour he was sober and was marvelously converted that chestnuts that had been hidden away in the trunk till we very day. Another testifies to having been saved from a should come. The next offering was brought by a woman .drunkard's and a gambler's grave. Of a third his wife whom we had befriended. A daughter of this woman had said, "His religion is real. He hasn't hit me once, hasn't been stabbed by' a drunken man as she was entering the old log church for meeting. They sent six miles up the cussed once, and hasn't been drunk once since he was converted. We have family prayer every day." river and six miles down for medical help, but couhi get no doctor. We took her twenty miles '1;0 a doctor who dressed These men are now carrying the burden of souls in their her wound. Since then we are made welcome to all they communities. All are holding prayer meetings from two have. We hesitate to accept these things when our people to six nights in the week. All four are in charge of Sun- have so little but we want them to learn the joy of day schools in remote and previously neglected parts of giving. the field. One has lately become an elder in our little church and is preaching once a month in each of four For some time we have not had Bible reading in the public schools in this valley, but a new board is changing up-the-river fields. Without these men it would be impossible to carry on our ten Sunday schools and fourteen policies and again we are planting the Word of God in prayer meetings each week. For years we have prayed for Christian homes and native leadership on this field. the hearts of the school children. How they love it! We want to thank all who have shared in the work Now we thank the Lord for the answer to that prayer. Last summer we were blessed with the finest student here by gift of life or gold or prayer. The work has been greatly blessed, doors have been opened, friends have helpers we have ever had. We were able to reach all of been made, souls saved and lives and homes transformed. our ten fields by six Vacation Bible Schools. Evangelistic meetings in three out-stations brought several to a knowl- ANNE BELLE STEWART.

With the Pilgrims In

··:(1"'". . . . –=B""'Y""'T=h=e""'R""'E""'V….'''J.'''C'''H'''A'''''D=W=I'''C=K=J'''A=C'''K=S=O'''N–=–=–:11» W HAT do devout Hindus pray for today? "At the first dip I say 'MATAH. VARCHASTWAM An old pilgrim, after the long pilgrimage DEHl' (Give me love to the Mother (land». from Cape Comorin to Baddnath in the "Second, 'VIDWATWAM DEHI' (Give no knowl- Himalayan Mountains, has been staying for edge).

months .in Benares. "Third, 'BRAHMANATWAM DEHI' (Give me (to "You spend hours every ~y in prayer and be) a true Brahmin).

meditation," I said to him. "F 0 u r t h, 'VISHWABANDHAT- "What do you ask for?" WAM DEHI' (Give me universal "I rise at three in the morn- brotherly love) .

ing," he replied, "and carefully "Fifth, 'SARVABHUTADAYAMA- prepare my prayer seat, as en- YATWAM DEHI' (Give me a merci- joined in the Gita, in a pure ful disposition towards all created place-not too high, not too low, things) ."

secure from any interruption; It is suggestive that the old no one to disturb. I meditate pilgrim and the young student and pray until eight o'clock. both put the motherland first.

411 have three periods. First, *** after realizing the presence of Paramanand Paribrajak. The God, I send out the prayer in a word paribrajak means a wan- stream of petitions (forgive me dering sadhu. Our first sight of for mentioning it to you, but you Paramanand was on a spring will understand) 'Lord, remove morning in 1930. We were trav- the (foreign) yoke.' eling by motor from Benares to "Second, I pray: 'Lord, help J aunpur, a 35-mile journey. Five all those who strive for good in miles out from Benares we over- the universe-Sadhus, devotees, took a tall young sadhu, in clean, who thus seek good and do good newly dyed sadhu dress, with for themselves. (The Com- very thoughtful, spiritual face.

munion of Saints.) We offered him a lift, for as far "Third, I pray FOR THOSE WHO as he would be going out our way, DO NOT SEEK GOOD, THE FALLEN, and he gratefully accepted, saying THE SINFUL, THE SUFFERING. This ONCE A HINDU-NOW A CHRISTIAN he had a long pilgrimage before must lead to service for them as him-the railway carriages were opportunity offers. For instance, sick persons no longer free to sadhus since the "crew" system come to me when I am through with my medita- had been started, so he was compelled to walk.

tion; no one dare disturb me till I have finished. He had been resident for some time in Benares, They a.sk for my blessing and 1 give it, but not studying Sanskrit, and he was now bound for without cost to myself. They go away bettered, Badrinath in the far away Himalayas, visiting but something of their weakness seems to cleave sacred places and monasteries on the way, and to me." *** hoping to come into contact with holy men and to learn from them. He was with us for an hour I saw a young Brahmin Sanskrit student, and in the motor, and we were charmed with his spirit asked: and pleased with his conversation. On setting him down we gave him a copy of the Gospel "You bathe in the Ganges every .morning and pray or recite mantras as you do so. What do you set before you as a purpose at that time ?" and a card bearing our Benares address, invit- "I dip five separate times in the Ganges," he ing him to call on us if he should come to Benares replied, "repeating five mantras as I do so." at any time.

[652 ] Eighteen months later the card, still clean, was " 'You must first take a few draws,' he said.

presented by him at our house, and he became a "No intoxicant has ever passed my lips, and guest in our Ashram. He now tells his own story my vow forbids smoking," I answered. "'If you in Hindi, which I translate: don't first smoke,' he said, 'I will not accept it "My father and my two brothers were all in at your hands.'''

the military; I went from place to place with "This meant that he expected obedience, or he them, getting my education up to the 9th class would not keep me as his disciple. I was deter- in various schools. I formed the habit of going mined not to start this bad habit against which into solitude to think about the search for God, the two men had warned me. So there and then, and exposed myself fasting in the great heat- disappointed and alone, I left him. I took the long that was a rainless year. I fell very ill with a journey over the mountain passes and along the constant passing of blood and was in the hospi- sacred rivers to Badrinath.

tal for six days. I .often thought of conversing "On coming back I found my way to Fyzabad, with missionaries or Christians, but my Brahmin where I found one worthy to become my Guru pride prevented me, as my training had caused (teacher) . He sat near his house which was me to regard association with them as a defile- spotlessly clean. He lived alone and allowed no ment. I talked with many sadhus, but received one using intoxicants to come within his circle.

little help. One day in school a new Hindu teach- I saluted him, and told him something of my er taught me a passage in the Hindi Ramayan, history.

the meaning of which is : "He called one of his followers from the village May that Lord, by whose grace the dumb become and gave instructions for me to be taken to the eloquent and the lame af"cend the highest mountains, who house, where suitable free hospitality was given.

is the destroyer of the guilt of this evil age, be gracious "I stayed there for some months studying YOGA also to me. VASISHTA and the RAMAYAN and one of the "If he can do this, I thought, why do I labori- GITAS. This Guru was very enlightened, a wor- ously struggle for learning. I will leave all and shipper of the One God, rejecting idols. When become His. He shall teach me all things. On he thought me somewhat advanced, he sent me coming out of the hospital I left home and took to Benares to study the LAGHU KAUMUDI, and on to the road, determined to visit sacred places, as- his recommendation I was received into the PARI- sociate with sadhus and gain the knowledge of BRAJAK MANDAL (a society of Sadhus). After God. some time spent in study here, I was not happy, "Leaving Mathura I went to Brindaban and and decided to go on the long pilgrimage to Nepa!.

there sat by the roadside tired out. Two men As I was leaving Benares you kindly spoke to me came along-one a Ramanandi and the other a and gave me a lift in your car. After leaving you Sannyasi, a good man. They stopped and asked at J aunpur, I performed the pilgrimage, and on me what I was doing there. I told them of my my return came to Ram Katora to see you. The search for God and my leaving home. They very Gospel of Luke which you gave me, I had read and kindly reasoned with me, urging me to return then passed on to a Sadhu who begged it from me.

home. "I am leaving you today, having found my Lord "'There are good sadhus,' they said, 'but they and Saviour Jesus Christ. I intend wherever I are very few. The great majority are lazy and go to preach Him as the only Saviour of men. I selfish, sensual and given to the use of stupifying am assured of your father-like love to me, and intoxicants. You are choosing a hard path. Go shall certainly come to see you and Mataji back home.' " (Mother) again, if God permits, but having re- "No," said I, "take me along with you. I ceived the true inward baptism of the Holy Spirit, will learn of you." I am going away for a time for the testing of the "'Well,' said they at last, 'we will not ask you pilgrim road before I take the outward water bap- to accompany us, but if you insist on joining us, tism. I do not wish to become a paid preacher of we will not turn you away.' " any church or mission, but to keep to my Indian "So I went with them. We walked on to Delhi way of life and so serve Christ."

and eventually to Hardwar which I found to be The young man went away with our blessing.

full of sadhus. There I came across a naga–of His meek and blameless character and his quiet the class of sadhus who wear no clothing at all. but definite holy boldness in confessing Christ on Here, I thought, is a living example of uttermost the streets of Benares and before his former renunciation. I attached myself to him as a dis- Sadhu associates (amongst whom his change has ciple and stayed with him for about a month. One caused intense antagonism) has convinced us that day he asked me to fill his pipe for him. I did he is a true disciple of the Lord and Saviour Jesus so and brought it to him. Christ.

A Typical Station In

..:( By LOIS ANNA ELY, Nantung, Kiangsu, China Jp.. Missionary of the United Christian Missionary Society T HE visitor to our city drops from a Yangtze Ours is a rural district, yet we have done little River steamer to a sampan and is rowed consistent rural work. These are our major de- ashore. There he has his choice of transpor- fects. We long to correct them and establish a tation to the city five miles away. His purse and more perfect balance in our mission work. Our his leisure will determine whether he goes by mo- school is rapidly approaching the high standard tor car, ricksha, or wheelbarrow. However he of the hospital. Through our community welfare rides he will enjoy his journey through fertile work we are more and more reaching the boys and fields, past prosperous little hamlets. Ours is a thickly populated district 1yin g about a city of some 75,000 inhabitants. The smoke- stacks of the cotton mills point to the factorization of our community, yet from every little home comes the sou n d 0 f the spinning wheel and the hand-loom.

A welcoming arch marks .the entrance to the imme- diate environs of Nantung city. We enter and come at once to the small roadway that leads to our mission homes and school, with a beautiful poplar bordered lane. Across the ma lu, at AT THE AMERICAN BOARD OUTSTATION CHEN. CHUAN PU. SHENSI the end of the lane, is the entrance to our hospital compound. These insti- young men of the city. Because of lack of inter- tutions used to be suburban but the growth of ested personnel we are doing little to promote Nantung and the removal of the city wall united rural evangelism.

the suburbs with the city proper. Our little group of eight missionaries aU have When I first saw Nantung it was engaged in a some part in the hospital program, either through program of expansion. The last five years have professional service, teaching, or regular visita- seen considerable retrenchment but a compensat- tion. Each successive year brings increasing ap- ing factor has been the growth in the Christian preciation of the ministry of the hospital and its heart of the station. fame has spread far over the countryside and into Our station is typical in that its work IS not the neighboring districts.

perfectly symmetrical and falls far short of our Our seventy-bed hospital is usually full and ideals. For instance, our hospital work is devel- often overcrowded; the clinic reaches a daily aver- oped far in advance of the other units of work. age of about sixty; our registered nurses' training Financial aid from the China Medical Board has school has some twenty-five girl students. The perfected equipment and permitted a certain hospital seems to the professional staff inade- amount of expansion. Our one mission school in quately equipped when measured by Western the district is now for girls, whereas before the standards but its good works are immeasurable.

evacuation of the missionaries in 1927 the major The busy clinic is still taken care of in the main emphasis was upon our technical school for boys. hospital building; robbing the in-patient depart- [654 ] ment of one of its wards and bringing under the lands<!ape and the girls themselves are sharing hospital roof an undue amount of confusion-for in the task. Girls who have had only a small a Chinese clinic is not a quiet place. courtyard in which to play revel in the expanse Nantungchow is interior. The really sick man of real acreage. Girls who have never before arrives on some sort of an improvised stretcher, soiled their hands in a day's work have learned varying from a bamboo bed to a huge grain bas- the fun of helping a garden to grow.

ket. He is carried by ropes and a pole on the The Nantungchow Christian Church is in the backs of blue clad coolies who sing under his load heart of the busy city. The church building is and are not too quiet as they put their burden set well back from the street and in front around down. The newcomer is usually accompanied by a courtyard are rooms which are devoted to wom- a troop of wondering friends and neighbors. The en's work. Our community welfare building clatter they make is annoying but their presence opens directly on Great South Street and houses is the hospital's opportunity to further eliminate the mission library (the only public library in prejudice. the district), game rooms, a social hall, and an The hospital experience of the average Chinese auditorium for street preaching, health demon- patient must be a pleasant memory. Every effort strations and other public meetings. Upstairs is made to keep that contact as truly expressive of are some pleasant class rooms which on Sunday generous Christian service as possible and to let are used by the Bible School and on week days the visitor know that the Christian hospital is try- serve a number of purposes.

ing to follow in the steps of the Great Healer. Evangelistic work has suffered from lack of The in-patient department naturally affords the continuity in personnel as the hospital has gained greatest opportunity to influence life. There is in by the opposite condition. For a number of years the prolonged daily contact an opportunity to tell we had been without an evangelistic missionary.

the story of Christ and to give a living demon- Our Chinese pastor left us to become principal of stration of His Way of Life. Last year the aver- one of our mission schools and our senior mission- age number of day's residence in the hospital was ary very reluctantly became our pastor. He is 23.8. The hospital has had no small degree of retiring and we are getting a new Chinese pas- success in the treatment of tubercular bone and tor. The time is indeed ripe for some excellent joint cases, both with surgery and heliotherapy. Christian work if we can have substantial lead- The surgical department has been its main adver- ership.

tisement, and successful operations have probably We conduct two Bible Schools, one at the church done more than anything else to break down fear and one in the hospital building. The midweek and distrust. prayer meeting rotates from church to hospital so Our Girls' School, called Tsong Ing from an an- as to better reach all our groups of Christians.

cient name of Nantungchow, is comfortably Each year sees progress in the reverent partici- housed across the road from the hospital. Any- pation in Christian worship. The church has its one looking at the figures for enrollment last year own working organization and we endeavor to en- and this would feel the school had made a mush- list all the Christians in the community regard- room growth-93 to 153 in one year. The growth less of their denomination. Ours is the only was not so spontaneous, however. For a number Protestant Christian Church in the district and of years we have had a capacity school at the its contribution seems pitifully small in contrast church plant. Removal to adequate quarters en- to the great need.

abled us to expand." We now have room for 200, The Community Welfare Association, a part of including kindergarten, lower and higher primary our Christian Endeavor, has succeeded in allying departments, and a Junior Middle School. On the with us for community good many who would whole registration has been beneficial to the otherwise have continued in their self-centered school, though we often feel much entangled in way. The library, which has so far been the chief red tape. interest of the Association, has about 5,000 vol- Since registration far too little has been done umes and the list of readers shows marked gains to provide extra-curricular religious education, from month to month. A reading room is main- but the Christians on the faculty are alert to their tained with a good assortment of newspapers and responsibilities. Our new Chinese pastor is alive periodicals. A children's library is a recent proj- to the problems of young people and we hope soon ect. "The welfare movement includes beginnings to accomplish more than in the days of compul- of public health work, English night classes, baths sory religious instruction. for women, some industrial work for poor women, The school has greatly enjoyed its new quar- and other projects for young and old. This work ters. There was scarcely elbow room at the is newly housed and is exulting in a new oppor- church plant. Now there is a large campus to tunity.

Rural evangelistic work is greatly neglected woman of no small ability. This group deter- both because of insufficient funds and lack of per- mines matters of station policy, passes the station sonnel. Our missionary pastor was much inter- budget, and sends on to the Administrative Com- ested in the rural evangelism but had not the time mittee various actions wanting mission approval.

for it without slighting the already understaffed Those who have worked on the Council for the city work. He made occasi.onal trips into the dis- past five or ten years have seen gratifying prog- trict, always traveling with an agricultural ex- ress in cooperation and in the assumption of re- pert, either from the University of Nanking or sponsibility on the part of the Chinese who have from the local experiment station. He has the been sharing in station administration. There dream of sending circulating units of our library has also been a growing sense of mutual appreci- out into the country district, having them housed ation on the part of missionaries and their Chi- by some influential patrons, the library quarters nese colleagues.

to be headquarters also for evangelistic work. The Our Christian work is making a new approach scheme was welcomed by the villagers and small to the community. In the days before the estabbeginnings have been made. lishment of the Nationalist Government our rela- As to our station government, the church at its tions with local officialdom were friendly but quite annual meeting elects members for the Station formal and perfunctory. Now, with a number of Council, one representative from each department prominent offices filled by former students in our of the work, and four others at large. .The Coun- mission schools or participants in our Community cil the past year was made up of the missionary Welfare Association, relationships are far more physician, the Chinese principal of our girls' frank and natural. We have been endeavoring to school, the Chinese head of our community welfare work, our missionary pastor, our picturesque ally ourselves with every force working for good old Chinese elder, a progressive young Chinese and we feel that the days ahead will see a sub- physician, and our hospital pharmacist, a Chinese stantial advance in our Christian program.

Why Give the Gospel to the ]eVs?

By the REV. M. ZEIDMAN, B. D., Toronto, Canada D: ..

Superintendent of the Scott Institute of the Presbyterian Church in Canada SHALL Christians give the Gospel to the Jews? Many missionaries to the Gentiles were martyred, If Christians believe in the Bible, there is no crucified, beheaded, and thrown into the arenas to alternative, they must. fight the wild beasts: and even in modern times, Ever since Jesus Christ "opened his mouth and missionaries to the heathen labor for years before taught them", the Church dare not, except at its they gain the confidence of these Gentiles, and own peril, shut its mouth and leave either the entrance into their homes. St. Paul, writing to Jews or anybody else, ignorant of the unsearch- the Christians in Rome, clearly explains the Genable riches of Christ until the consummation of tiles' duty to the Jews-he says, "For as ye (Genthe Kingdom of God on earth. When the Phari- tiles) in times past have not believed God, yet sees sought to silence the early Hebrew-Chris- have now obtained mercy through their unbelief: tians, Jesus said, "If these should hold their even so have these (Jews) also now not believed peace, the stones would immediately cry out." that through your (Gentile) mercy, they (the Jews) also may obtain mercy." Why Give the Gospel to the Jews? 2. Because "God hath not cast away his 1. Because the Jews first gave the Gospel to people" and they are yet to be used as instruments the Gentiles it is now the duty of the Gentiles to in His hands to establish the Kingdom of God on reciprocate. It may be said, "But the Jews do not earth. "For if the casting away of them be the want the Gospel." So did the Gentiles at first reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving refuse to listen to the preaching of the Jews. of them be, but life from the dead?" For this reason the Gospel must be preached to the Jews.

WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE JEWS?

God chose the Jews, and He sent every prophet, in driving them further away. A few years ago, beginning with Moses, to the Jew first. He gave Reform Rabbis were all anti-Zionists, and they the Bible to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. saw the only salvation for the Jew in the temple, The messages of the great prophets were to the not in Zion. But experience is a wonderful teacher, Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. Christ came and seeing that the masses would not attend to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. The either the Orthodox synagogue or the Reform Glad Tidings were preached to the Jews first, temple, most Reform Rabbis are now being conand also to the Gentiles. St. Paul declared that verted to Zionism. The Rabbis, who only a few the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the power unto sal- months ago said that "the United States of vation to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first, America is our Palestine, and the city of Washingand also to the Gentiles. ton our Jerusalem," and who cut out from the ritual and prayer book every reference to Pales- As Palestine was God's training ground for His tine, are now seen on Zionist platforms, singing people, so were the Jews God's pupils. He again the songs of Zion. trained them and frequently used the rod on them, for the purpose of making them a priestly The moral life of the Jewish people also connation, to instruct the Gentiles in the righteous- stitutes a challenge to the Church. That subject, ness of God. They have not yet attained the however, we deliberately omit, so that we may status of teachers. If the Jews, in the time of avoid being dubbed anti-Semite. On one thing Moses were in the kindergarten stage in God's we may all agree, however, namely that the Jew training school for higher service, arid were, be- is as good as the Gentile. But if the Jew is no fore Christ in the primary school, they have now better than the Gentile, then God knows that he gone backward rather than forward, for multi- is as badly in need of the Gospel as the Gentile. tudes have altogether thrown off what little they 4. Because God sent His only begotten Son as knew about God. a missionary to the Jews. Jesus said, "I am not The enemies of missions to Jews make capital come· but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." He was pre-eminently a missionary to the Jews. of the fact that the Jews have the Old Testament, and believe in God: that they gave us the How to Do This Mission Work prophets, the Bible, and our God. But the most superficial observer can see how the multitude of It would not be practical to give here a detailed Jewry is drifting fast away from both the syna- plan or program of how to do mission work among gogue and God; and the Bible is a book unknown all sorts and conditions of a people who are scatin the average Jewish home. tered all over the face of the earth. However, the first and most important factor in mission There was hardly a prophet or preacher of the work among Jews of all classes of social, political righteousness of God in Jewry, who was not per- and religious opinions is the approach. It is evisecuted, thrown into a pit, sawn asunder, or cru- dent that, if wrongly approached, the Jew may cified by the same people from whom they came. be actuall~ prejudiced against Christ rather than The Bible is the message of the God whom they brought nearer to Him. rejected, and the record of the prophets whom they persecuted. The Bible is locked up in the Personally, we have very strong and definite "ark" in the synagogue, while they are "teach- opinions on this matter, and though our methods ing for doctrine, the commandments of men." It are strictly Scriptural, they are not being made is very significant, that for the last nineteen hun- use of by many missionaries. This method of dred years the Jewish people have made no effort approach was the means by which Christ and His to give the Bible to the Gentiles, nor have they apostles, as well as all primitive Christians, found produced a single translation of Holy Scripture. their way into the synagogue. They worshipped, Only very recently Jewish leaders, alarmed over preached and expounded the Scriptures there. the fact that their people were buying transla- Neither Christ Himself, nor the apostles ever left tions in their own vernacular from Christian col- the synagogue; on the contrary, they took part in porteurs, went to the trouble of issuing an Eng- the synagogue as well as in the temple worshiplish and Yiddish translation of the Old Testament for they were the real Jews, the true children of for themselves. God. Those who did not measure up to Christ's criterion of an Israelite were driven out of the 3. A third reason for preaching the Gospel temple, but Christians did not voluntarily leave to the Jews, is the present moral and religious the temple or the synagogue. If anyone had a condition of Hebrews, both in Europe and Amer- right there,' it was the believer and follower of ica. In the United States, as well as in Canada, Jesus Christ, the Son of the Living God. It was the mass of the younger people have left the syna- not the Hebrew Christian who left the synagogue, gogue. The Reform movement, that was to bring but it was rather the synagogue which excommuback all the Jews to the fold, has only succeeded

nicated the Hebrew Christian. But we must con- not lofty enough for a modern Jew. If the Protes- fess that, in many cases, we Hebrew Christians tant Church ceases to present the Gospel to the have looked upon this excommunication as a god- Jew, it will leave the field for some fanatic sects, send to escape persecution; and we have piously or to the Roman Catholic Church, who believes it- and gladly said, "Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." self to be the only true Church, the final revelation If our approach to the Jew is to meet with any of God and the only custodian of the faith. Or in degree of success, we must declare like St. Paul the words of Jesus "the stones will immediately of old "And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, cry out."

that I might gain the Jews; to them that are God has never asked permission from the Jews under the law, as under the law, that I might to send to them prophet, teacher, or missionary.

gain them that are under the law." And again If He had, the world today would be in darkness he wrote, "As the Lord hath called everyone, so and without a Saviour. The Jews would still be let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches. worshipping in groves, and sacrificing their chil- Is any man called being circumcized, let him not dren to Moloch; instead of the Church of the liv- become uncircumcized." This is the right method ing God, we would have the Pillars of Baal.

of approach to the Jew. It is sound Scripture; While God has said "the house of Israel will not good psychology, and a gesture of goodwill that hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto cannot but make a wonderful impression on every me," yet He admonishes the prophet and mission- Jew. ary "be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of Great pressure is being brought by some Re- their words, though briers and thorns be with form Jews upon Protestant leaders, to discontinue thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions; be not missionary work among the Jews. If the Church afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their ceases to give the Gospel to the Jew then why looks, though they be a rebellious house.

should not the Buddhist, Moslem, and Hindu lead- "And thou shalt speak my words unto them, ers demand the same recognition for their reli- whether they will hear or whether they will for- gion? The Church has either a Gospel for "every bear: for they are most rebellious." (Ezekiel creature" or for no one at all. A religion that is 2:6-7.) not good enough or necessary for the Jew, is not The duty of the Church of Christ is clear. 0 good enough or necessary for the Chinese. A Church of God "that bringest good tidings, get faith that cannot save a Jew in America will do thee up into the high mountain; 0 Jerusalem, that very little for a native of Africa. If the Church bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with gives up missionary work among Jews, it admits strength; lift it up, be not afraid, say unto the that Christianity is a religion for Gentiles, but cities of Judah-Behold your God!" (Is. 40 :9.) The Light in a Korean Prison The northern part of the Sungjin field extends across the hour a day and I shall be satisfied," said Mr. Kim. Tuman River into Manchuria· where the Cl;linese perse- The magistrate finally consented, saying, "One hour a cuted the Koreans despite the fact that orders came from the Chinese authorities that they must not do so. day and no longer; prepare a list of your subjects and One day Elder Kim Chang Young, the Korean Christian present me a written outline of your disc()urses." evangelist up there, was called. into the county office and the magistrate said to him, "We have heard that you are "Ten thousand thanks, your Honor," said the evangelist the leader in this movement against the Chinese up here." and returned to his confinement happy. "No," replied the elder, "I preach only the Gospel, and The next day at four-thirty he brought the light of the exhort people against bad action. Our religion teaches us that we must love our enemies and do good to them." Gospel into that dark prison. Exactly at five-thirty the "Where do you preach?" demanded the magistrate. guard shouted, "Time's up; back to your cell."

"I preach here and in the villages up the river," he re- The following day again the lights shone for an hour.

plied. By the third day even the guards were becoming interested "We must telephone,". said the magistrate, "to find out and they forgot to look at their watches at the end of whether you are telling the truth. Since it is late and the the hour. Four days, five days, six days passed. By the sun now setting you must wait in the prison until we can seventh day the sermons were two hours long and the investigate." prayers to the Heavenly Father were listened to with Morning came but there was no call from the magistrate. reverence. The next day passed but no release … the third day the elder began to think, "The Lord must have some reason After the tenth day the elder was called before the for putting me here; many of my fellow countrymen are magistrate who said, "We see that you are an upright in the prison too. Whether a prisoner or a free man I must man and no troublemaker. You are released." preach the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ; I'll ask the magistrate for permission to preach to the prisoners." "Again ten thousand thanks. But how about the other So he sent his request to the magistrate. prisoners? May I come each day and preach to them?" "Oh no, you cannot address the prisoners; that would never do. How do I know that you would not stir up he bravely asked.

trouble?" The magistrate refused. "But, your Honor, I just want to tell them about God The next day most of the other prisoners were also and His love, and the way of salvation. Just give me one released.

On Sunday the Christians of the village gathered in the little church and there was great rejoicing for their evan- gelist was back, and in the congregation were many new faces, prisoners, but prisoners of the Lord Jesus Christ who had caused His Light to shine upon them in dark places. REV. E. A. KNECHTEL, Sungjin, Korea.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'~=================I'~ HOW TO BUILD EFFECTIVE through invitations, personal or magazines they have been and printed; through posters; reading. PROGJtAMS through bulletin board an- nouncements ; through church C. It is necessary that the In view of the fact that pro- calendar announcements. program be held under gram material for the several proper physical conditions. missionary organizations is 2. Lead to a definite service frequently assembled and whip- by E;lvery member. This should 1. Be sure that the place of ped into shape at the close of the be personal-soul-winning in meeting is conducive to proper calendar year, the following sug- home, neighborhood, among impressions. For example, a gestions adapted from a de- friends and strangers; prayer clean room, attractive pictures nominational leaflet may prove for church, missionaries and and flowers, good light and air, boards; work among new homey appearance. serviceable. Americans; interest in civic af- fairs (local, national, interna- 2. Be sure the music is ap- A. Have a definite aim-two- tional) . It should also be by propriate to the occasion. fold. proxy, through missionaries, in the way of prayer for their 3. Have the program fol- 1. An enlargement of vision friends; through gifts of money lowed by a get-acquainted time on the part of every woman comparable with one's ability with some recreation. church member. to give. 4. Time and length of meet- This means the program B. In order to carry out this ing may vary, but an hour well must con t a i n information two-fold aim, the leader spent is better· than a longer which informs-continuity of should- period poorly spent. Not so interest should be presented in many minutes used but quality a series of programs. It must 1. Know the kind of pro- of material and manner in be interesting-unusual, varied, gram needed to catch interest which it is presented mean a topics well thought out. As a of both interested and unin- good meeting. rule it is better to use topics terested. She must be familiar for the year (more helps avail- with the subject to be pre- METHODS SEEDLINGS able). Use impersonations, sented, also with the sort of adapted leaflets, pageants and activities that can be given to In harmony with the present plays. Sometimes have discus- different women. view of a unified world-field, sions. Do not "pool ignorance" with "home" and "foreign" but study all sides of the sub- 2. She must print or mimeo- lines wiped out save for adminject before the discussion. Oc- graph the program in as at- i s·t rat i v e convenience, the casionally have an outside tractive a manner as possible. monthly programs published in speaker. The practice of read- Women and Missions (t h e ing articles in the meetings 3. She should keep on the monthly magazine of Presbyteshould be discouraged. lookout for new and current rian women), are most signifi- m.aterial, using not only things cant, coordinating and blending The program must also be specific to her denomination balanced themes. These prowell prepared and well pre- but those pertaining to the grams must go far toward cresented. Personnel is important. world's missionary work in a ating the mood for "'world-mind- Use many women. Study the large way. edness" which is so desirable. talents of the women church A series of programs runs somemembers. Adapt assignments 4. Have individual features, thing like this: to individuals. Include young such as a question box to which people, children and men (this all have access, roll call .in The Philippine Islands and the may mean some evening meet- which members make their op- West Indies; both possessions of ings) . tional responses, opportunity to Spain in early years and bearing describe features that im- similar strains of colorful thinking, The program should deepen pressed them most in the books dramatic temperaments, passionate the spiritual life of all who power to love or hate, etc.; hear it. [659 ] Following Jesus the Pi 0 nee r, It must be well advertised-

through Alaska and India–compar- Friend, a magazine of the incident brought tears to her ing the valiant pioneers of the past Methodist Episcopal Church, eyes. Tell it." Doubtless some who opened the missionary enterprise tells of the following methods: reward is given to those answerin the two countries; ing the most questions correctly "The Mystery Missionary in a given period. Rural Life East and West–Siam Mother" plan was used in the and Our Southern Mountaineers– First M. E. church, at Akron, O. A Calico Tea, Luncheon or attempts to minister in the untouched Folders made from fancy envel- Demonstration is popular among r,egions of both; ope linings were cut to measure our Methodist friends to make four by five inches, folded in the the most of this year of simplic- The Leaven of Christianity in Us- middle and arranged as the ity and sacrifice. Calico is the Through Us to Moslem and Mormon cover for an inside sheet of symbol for the campaign. Cal- Lands (both historically polyga- paper on which was typed: ico pockets are passed out to re- ceive sacrificial gifts, the little mous) ; Merry Christmas leaflet enclosed to be read and Japan and Foreigners in America; cherished by each recipient until Training Negro Leaders in Africa As God gav:e a Son to Mary, the spirit of sacrifice takes pos- On that Christmas long ago, session of her own life. There and America; So we give to you a daughter is much to be said for the value Linking the Continents through a Whose dear name you soon will know. of such visualization and project As you peep inside the capsule work. Study of Leadership. And the mystic name you see, You must guard your secret if you In one program, good reso- This is constructive program Would a Mystery Mother be. lutions were wedded to expres- sions of gratitude, such as : building. Outside the folder was tied a "Because I am thankful for my The department designated wrapped capsule containing the sight I will read to the blind name of a young woman belong- this year"; "In thanksgiving "Our Literature Table" in each ing to the young people's depart- for health I will make it a point month's issue of this magazine ment in the Sunday School. to call upon the sick and shuthas a full list of all leaflets, These were passed through the ins"; "In gratitude for my own plays, etc., bearing o;n the uni- audience assembled to hear an Christian home, I will serve on fied program appearmg on an authority on young woman's the board or in some other way work speak, and fifty women aid in the work for the local opposite page. orphanage and so provide a A note to program leaders took folders. substitute for a father or moth- In April a Mystery Party was er"; "Because my own daughemphasized in the same maga- ter has grown up pure and zine: "Warn participants that held, each girl being introduced strong, I will give myself to they will be kept strictly to to all the "Mystery Mothers" the rescue of less fortunate time." Exchanges please copy! present but having no inkling as young women who have trans- to whose her own might be. In gressed." A National Missions Gift May, a young woman's mission- Shop was started at the Presby- ary society was organized as a This service was followed up terian Headquarters in New result of the directed efforts of by an effort to direct the activi- York City a year ago as a mar- this group of mothers. ties thus determined upon, and ket for the mission field and to the whole community felt the acquaint supporters of the work In September the disclosure uplift. Would not this be somewith the industries of the mis- party was held by the auxiliary, thing new in your church? sion centers and their unique the daughters presenting the products. The goods displayed entertaining features. The ef- A UNIQUE PROGRAM ON ranged all the way from minia- fort has been a marked success, ture totem poles to Mexican, In- both at Akron and Chardon, THE MOUNTAINEERS dian and Oriental rugs, pottery, Ohio. It seems worth passing silver, etc. All funds thus ac- on. From East Liberty comes It was called "The Publication cumulated are turned back into the repercussion, in that a group of the Mountain Outlook." Its the work. This venture is a serv- of girls organized themselves as outline appeared on the Sunice sword with a double edge. "Mystery Daughters" and chose day calendar and was most for their secret mothers women curiosity-tickling. When the au- At a Fellowship Meeting at not interested in missionary dience arrived the platform had Titusville, Pa., the women of the work in the hope that their ef- been set with everything pos- Presbyterian Mission Society forts might bring the women sible to make it look like a busy arrange, through their "evening into the Women's Foreign Mis- newspaper office, even to a division," a meeting once a year sionary Society. "It's a poor 'phone and a waste paper basto which all other denominations rule that will not work both ket! Stenographers were busy in the community are invited. ways." typing at the start. Presently At the sixth such gathering, the the editor rose and said he did ushers were members of Jewish, In the same periodical a "Mys- not know what had come over Roman Catholic'and Protestant tery Box" is a monthly feature, churches, in close cooperation. the contents of each issue being The speaker was a Jewish rabbi covered by a list of curiositywhose theme was the great need tickling questions such as, "The of the spirit of goodwill among church folk, taking for his text the words of Christ, "Blessed are the peacemakers." This sounds rather millennial.

The W 0 man's Missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the. paper; it was losing sub- use d wit h any missionary (b) Banditry (c) Civil war sCrI?ers the bes~ he could do. theme.-Adapted from Women (d) ~xploitation by foreign na- VarIOUS suggestIOns and com- and Missions. tIOns ments followed from members A Fleet of Ships (e) Development of consciousness of the staff. In the midst of of power, etc.

the discussion, there appeared ~Ienrieso.neof live city church a 2. Mending her education at this time a woman in calico dress and "Ship, Ahoy" rn'eetsunbonnet, exclaiming: of change (a) Education for girls (pp. 163 "Is this yere the place where mgs ~s conducted to give each 164) . ' they make writin' folks can standmg committee in the wom- (b) Christian schools (pp. 167- an'~ organization an oppor- 173) read? Over on tother side of tumty to hold a meeting ex- (c) Religious education (pp. 173the mountain, the pappies and ploiting its own work. The outmammies can'.t read, an' we line is as follows: 178) thought you mIght do somethin' "Ship, Ahoy! All Aboard" (d) Educating home-makers (pp. by the Industrial Departmen't 181-185) (e) Training teachers (pp. 185- so the chillern would be differ- starting the year. ' 187) ent." ~'All Hands Aboard" was (f) Rural .education (pp. 187-189) Here a bright reporter jumped (g) Unfimshed task of education up and asked, "Why not dedi- handled by the Membership cate an issue of our paper to (pp. 201-203) those mountaineers ?" So the plan developed in short order. Committee. 3. Mending China spiritually. The staff artist drew a map of the mountain section ~nd ex- "Comradship" (the devo- (a) "I could not share my message plained it. The telegraph editor, answering a call at the tionals on "Setting Sail"), fea- and not share her load" (pp. 'phone, received a report of a strike in the mills, with its sad tured a Mothers' and Daugh- 198, 199) news of labor conditions that needed alleviation. The editor (b) "The mission hospitals … are of the Woman's Page entered with hand-made baskets, etc., ters' program by the young the most telling exhibition of people's division. the love of Christ ..• that the "Friendship," "Fellowship," country has" (pp. 199-201) "W 0 r s hip," "Leadership," (c) "Is the evangelistic task com- plete w.hen only one in every "Stewardship" and "Ships that 157 Chmese is a Christian?"

Come In" (an Installation (This includes Catholics.) (pi> . 203-211) Luncheon) completed the series, 4. How mend China? the corresponding committees yv (a) Reinforcements (pp. 211-213) being easily guessed. (b) e need to learn joy of shar- mg (pp. 213-222) and asked for a cut to show How to Get a Circulating Lithis native handiwork. To a brary into Action 5. Mendi~g Ch~na today-telling the reporter was assigned the task s~ory m Chma. (Use denominaof writing up the educational Ask ten or twelve women from tIonal leaflets specific to your own conditions and the mISSIon among. y~mr friends to buy work, if desired.) schools. The "want-ad" clerk one mISSIOnary book each to — prepan~d an advertisement call- f orm a nucleus for a library. ing for teachers and workers These could be purchased at Ad.apted from programs prepared for the who would give these people a Bap~lst Board of Education by ,Anna Canada chance and another advertisement aiming to interest church Swam.

fo!k .in investing their money in from 50 cents to $3.00 or $4.00 mISSIOn schools. The editor-in- each, depending upon the book. A Hindu's Vision of Christ chief then read an editorial pleading for a chance for these You might charge five or ten really fine Americans. The ro- cents a week for borrowing I heard a learned Hindu give togravure section of the paper was represented by lantern these books and so form a fund this public testimony: "I once slides showing actual conditions among the mountaineers. The from which to buy more. The saw Christ, and I have never offering taken was designated as subscriptions to the paper to women would be fascinated by forgotten the vision. The plague be used by the organization in its mission work. Miniature such books as "The Bantu Are was raging in the city and copies of the paper (which vCoolm~minegs,"by"BJeehainndMMacuKdenWziae,lls~"f everybody ~hiacdk fled in terror ex- cept the and the dying.

AfrIca, anMd isostheCrasrmoinchaveal~iouosf . dWplroahgvouelee-ssdetcort~~IcOnknesntwhseercretoI.Oduneg,seh3rt:end~th. taoIt India fi.elds. The Missionary Educa- hon Movement has a large my surphse I saw a miSSIOn- nw~uimcbhercanofbe books some of ary lady, Mrs. D-, coming out bought at a low of one of the houses where prlCe.-Delavan L. Pierson. twh.Ietrhe hewrahsanpdlasgeuxet.endSehde becfaomree ~igh.t be suitable leaflets) were PROGRAMS ON her and she said, 'I am sorry, dIstrIbuted to the audience as Mr. S-, that I cannot shake it dispersed and the proclama- "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER hands with you, for my hands tion was made that the effort OF CHINA" are plague-stained.' As I looked had gained subscribers and lift- Mending China (Chapters V and VI) at her wit h plague-stained ed the paper out of its rut. hands, I saw Christ." This program-mold might be 1. Why China needs mending -E. STANLEY JONES. (a) Famine . BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~l~~~,==~==================================~~========================~ A Call to Prayer The Christ Child Comes Goes Out To All People The power of "the unknown one of law observance." Whether this is a true indictment or not "Come unto me all ye that labor and Christian" in our midst during is not a question in this article, these terrible days was likened but rather whether as individual are heavy laden" to that of "the unknown sol- Christians we are observing and enforcing within our individual dier," by Dr. Adolf Keller, dis- lives the two great command- ments of the Prince of Peace. tinguished European visitor in a "For perfect success at a Dis- recent address to Christian lead- armament Conference," said Dr. Woolley at the recent reception ers. given in her honor by the Na- Most of us are called to be tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, "the first es- "the unknown Christians" who sential is the disarmed mind. If can this very day in our very 'moral disarmament' had been achieved, as it should have been town-place do our full share "to in the years since the war, ma- terial disarmanent would be prepare in the wilderness the speeded up." The Eighth Annual Conference on the Cause and way of Jehovah; in the desert a Cure of War is called for Janu- ary 17-20, inclusive. Church highway for our God." Will we women now are preparing in arise, claim the heritage of study groups for strengthening the cause · of "moral disarma- strength which is ours, think ment." The representatives of the organizations of the Ameri- and act for peace during this can Association of University Women, the Council of Women season when we anticipate the for Home Missions, the Federa- celebration of the coming of the tion of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions of North Amer- Prince of Peace? It is a custom ica, the General Federation of among German Christians to Women's Clubs, the National Board of the Young Women's greet each other during the Ad- Christian Associations, the Na- vent season with "Das Christ- tional Council of Jewish Wom- kind kommt." All the church en, the National Federation of Business and Professional Wom- services are directed toward en's Clubs, the National League of Women Voters, the National "Hear our prayer, 0 Lord" careful and prayerful celebra- Woman's Christian Temperance tion of Christmas. In the homes Union, the National Women's "Follow Thou Me" greens are hung,' wreaths and Conference of American Ethical Union, and the National Wom- candles are exchanged, and en's Trade Union League have practically pledged themselves IN PRAYER Christmas carols and anthems as individuals and as groups to do their part to bring about "And it came to pass in those days, that he are sung from morning to night went out Into the mountain to pray; and for the weeks preceding Christcontinued all night in prayer to God. , And when it was day, he called his disciples; and mas Day. Let us remember that He came he chose from them twelve. "And at even • . . all the city was gathered as a child and later He taught together at the door…• And in the morn- that unless we became child-like ing, a great while before day, he departed into a solitary place, and there prayed. "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest."

IN SERVICE we could not even enter the "Whosoever would be first among you shall Kingdom of Heaven. Such a be your servant, even as the Son of man teaching is one of serious concame not to be ministered unto but to min- ister, and to give his life. cern to His followers who would "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done establish the Kingdom of Heaven it unto me~" on earth. There is a great dy- IN STEADFASTNESS namic .strength in the definite- "When the time was come that be should , ness of the two great laws of the be received up, he steadfastly set his face to Kingdom of God. I suppose it go to J erusalem." can be said of us here as gener- IN SACRIFICE "If any man will' come after me let him deny himself, and take UP his cross and fol- ally "that Americans do not keep low me. "Then said J esus. Father, forg ive them; for the laws; and that it is not a they know not what they do. '" And the question of law enforcement but people stood beholding."

[662 ]

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

world disarmament by thinking Way of Christ and the Cross." peace, and concretely demon- On Armistice Sunday, a great strating Christ's love to one's company of us heard the Call to neighbor, and love to one's Worship.

enemy. He hath made of one blood all 'IWr Let us, the followe;rs of the tions of men to dwell on the face of p'rince of Peace, prepare now for the Christmas celebration; the ewrth. (Acts 17:26.) Behold how He that hath seen me, hath seen think peace and goodwill among pleasant it is for brethren to dwell to- the Father.-John 14 :9. men, act peace and goodwill gether in unity. (Psalms 133 :1.) among men until the power of And now we have before us the '~Snake, Coyote, show me your "the unknown Christians" in our preparation and celebration of God," was demanded contemptland and throughout the world the coming into human experi- uously of one of the Presbymove the governments to estab- ence of the Christ-child when the terian Navajo Indian preachers, lish material disarmament. to which Spot-of-the-Whiskers- very citizens of heaven sang President Wilson during the on-the-Chin (William Gorman is World War called for a national Glory be to God in the highest, Day of Prayer. The proclama- And on earth peace, goodwill toward his English name) replied: "I tion was as follows: men. am showing Him to you now.

ADVENT SUPPLICATION He is standing in me. If He were Translated from a German Ser1)- not, you could not talk to me like ice of Worship. ' that." Thus the life and teach- Whereas, great nations of the world ings of Jesus Christ are most have taken up arms against one an- Father in heaven, we live in a time convincingly revealed today in a other and war now draws millions of person living the Christ-life. men into battle whom the council of full of unrest and strife. Our homestatesmen have not been able to save land lies in bonds, our church is in CHURCH GOLDEN RULE from the terrible sacrifice; danger, anxiety will not let our hearts DINNERS AND PARISH OBSERVANCE OF INTER- And whereas, in this as in all things be quiet. And so from our souls' NATIONAL GOLDEN RULE it is our privilege and duty to seek depths we yearn for peace, for Thy WEEK counsel and succor of Almighty God, humbling ourselves before Him, con- kingdom in which Thy holy will gov- The World is n.ow one neighborfessing our weakness and lack of any erns all and Thy ordinances are kept; hood; wisdom in these things; we yearn for Thy Prince of Peace The Golden Rule would make it And whereas, it is the especial wish who anew reveals to us Thy fathom- one brotherhood. and longing of the people of the less love, and in whom we can hope United States in prayer and counsel It is suggested to women's misand all friendliness, to serve the cause with full confidence. Lord, fulfill for sionary societies and other orof peace;' us this hope! Let us not be con- ganizations that a church supper founded! or luncheon be served in the Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, week preceding the week of De- President of the United States of H ewr us, g&ntle Lord God. cember 11-18. The 21 economy America, do assign Sunday, the fourth Strengthen Thy church, that she menus which are planned to proday of October next, a day of prayer vide a family of five with adeand supplication and do request all may proclaim Thy word faithfully and quate sustenance for an entire God-fearing persons to repair on that purely. Bless the education of youth week at a maximum cost of $8.88 day to their places of worship there to can be secured free from the unite their petitions to Almighty God, that the good seeds which thou hast Golden Rule Foundation, 60 East that overruling the counsel of men, laid in human hearts may come up 42nd street, New York. The setting straight the things they can- booklet contains also "Food for not govern or alter, taking pity on the and bear noble fruits. Make straight Mind and Heart" with "unseen nations now in the throes of conflict in the difference between individual cir- guests" invited for each meal. His mercy and goodness, showing a way where men can see none, vouch- cumstances and calling and build the "For their sakes" let us "keep safe His children healing peace again bridge of love from class to class, the feast." Many who have given and restore once more that concord until they cannot give another among men and nations without which from heart to heart. penny will be enabled by the use there can be neither happiness nor Hear us, gentle Lord God. of these economy menus to entrue friendship nor any wholesome large the family participating in fruit of toil or thought in the world, Give wisdom to our magistrates "daily bread." praying also to this end and that He that they care to do that which serves forgive us our sins, our ignorance of us best. Give us that which is neces- The Golden Rule Foundation His holy will, our wilfulness and many errors, and lead us in the paths sary for our daily sustenance so that of obedience to places of vision and we through worry about the needs of to thoughts and counsels that purge our outward man may not forget to care for our, eternal happiness. Let and make wise. each honest undertaking, each good Now in 1932, many pastors business enjoy the fruit of its labor.

H ewr us, gentle Lord God. Care for the sick and poor; open hearts and hands to help allay mis- ery. Protect widows and orphans and counsel them who on earth have no other counsel. Give them all Thy light so that they do not perish in the dark- ness. Hear us, gentle Lord God. And because Christmas Eve stands and people of the churches of the at our door, because Thy only begot- asks that at least the amount United States of America kept saved by these menus over the October 2-8 as "A Week of Peni- ten Son knocks again at our heart regular household budget be tence and Prayer." "The church asking entrance, give us an open mind and heart that we may not close our- given to a local church project selves against Him and His gift; that dares not stand aside and whis- we and all the world may open the or to one of the many philanper peace to itself or to the na- doors of our hearts so that He may fill thropic organizations which are' tion when there is no peace . . . us with comfort and power, with joy hard put to it these days to meet and the hope of Thy eternal Kingdom. their obligations. the only adequate way is the Hewr us, gentle Lord God. Amen.

What Dividends In West Virginia?

From the day the first missionary came to Coal Local leadership has become a real asset to River Valley the Light has shone. Then the the work. One elder is truly a miracle of grace. lives of the missionaries were in danger; Three years ago he was bound by chains of women could not leave their homes alone day drink, bootlegging, profaning, and wife beator night without being molested; shootings ing; now he bears witness daily to the transand drinking were the common occurrence. forming power of God in his life-a meek man, Now the missionaries go and come any hour devoted to his family and zealous for the Lord. of day or night with confidence not only in the Every night finds him laboring in some reli- Lord but in the friendship of the people; gious meeting. women alone and in groups travel up and down the valley on every occasion. True, there are The only doctor in our valley, employed by some shootings and many gallons of moonshine, the Ameagle Mining Company, is changed from but fear of God is in the hearts of even the a worldly man, harried by many calls and imworst sinners. patient with the poor sick, into a tender physi- cian with radiant face presenting the story of Our first educational work in the valley was salvation to the unsaved. Two converts of a day school. This developed into a boarding recent years conducted special meetings in Auschool; then later came cooperation with the gust, with over thirty conversions. Contrast district high school, for which we supplied such service of converts with conditions a few part of the teaching force. Now a first class years ago when the heads of less than a dozen high school, manned by employees of the local homes in all the valley were Christians. Trans- Board of Education, ministers to the youth of formed homes! Yes, many of them. For ex- Coal River Valley and the students from our ample-the worst moonshiner died, his wife Pattie C. Stockdale Home. The boys and girls took the Lord into her heart and declared she come from districts without high schools or sec- was forever done with drink. Next we find ondary education. "I never could get a high her telling the story of salvation to a former school education if it were not for Pattie Stock- partner in the moonshine business. The hunger dale" is a common remark among our students. wolf knocks at her door now; moonshining Parents ambitious for their children sound a would drive him away, but she remains true to chorus of praise for the influence of the Chris- her Lord. tian Home upon their children. Two of our graduates who entered college this fall were So many souls are being born into the Kingwithout opportunity to develop in their home dom this year that the problem is to bring to communities; both are now in training for mis- each one help in personal problems and instrucsionary service. tion in spiritual matters. Nearly fifty have united with the church since April. One beau- We wish we might portray the transforma- tiful young girl who had been engrossed in tion in our valley. Formerly there was no so- worldly things now testifies that her great joy cial life, no schooling for 'teen age youth, no is Bible reading and secret prayer. Last week reading matter, not even a religious service. she said, "I cannot imagine how I ever was Now there is interest in high school functions, what I used to be. I've been a Christian two hours are devoted to school and library books, months. If I love the Lord this much in two and representative groups gather several hours months I can't imagine what it will be in ten each week for worship in Sunday schools, years." Christian Endeavor, Bible study, and prayer There are no stock market crashes or bank meetings. Eleven Sunday schools, sixteen failures in heaven. Silver and gold are tawdry prayer meetings, and numerous other gather- in comparison to human souls, but who can tell ings each week under the supervision of the what dividends they will bring when consemissionaries, testify to spiritual life in many crated to our Master's service?

communities. HELEN JULIUS, Colcord, West Virginia.

r au;M~~r~~:~~~~u~~~e~?ok

4.~»~1====~~==================~ NORTH AMERICA Rural Training at Nashville al daily devotions, enrich- Disciples in Depression Missionary workers in the ment of public worship South will be interested to hear and church attendance. For a depression year, the at- of the cooperative enterprise in 2. Aggressive soul winning tendance at the national con- the interest of rural training through personal work, vention of the Disciples of for Christian leaders, worked educational evangelism, Christ, Indianapolis (October out by Vanderbilt University, evangelistic preaching and 11-16) was remarkable. More George Peabody College for the holding of special than 10,000 registered. Teachers, Scarritt College for night-by-night services. ChristianWorkers, the Y.M.C.A. 3. The conservation of evan- The reports of missionary op- Graduate School, the Disciples gelistic results by the care erations during the past year of Christ Foundation, and the and culture of the new showed a decrease of 17 per Congregational Foundation, all members, and of the memcent in the receipts of the located at Nashville, Tenn. Four bers who move from one United Christian Missionary types of workers have been in community to another. Society and an adjustment of the minds of the cooperating the budget to the available agencies: The theme for a series of funds, chiefly by economies in one-day conferences is to be administration, reduction of sal- (1) Home and foreign mis- "Forward Together with Christ aries, and the withdrawal of sionaries of various denomina- in Evangelism."

missionaries from Tibet, Japan tions who, while on furlough, A Christian Steward and the Philippines. It is be- desire to use a part of their lieved that the accumulated defi- furlough in special preparation A. A. Hyde of Wichita, Kancit of the Society will remain for rural work; sas, who is now eighty-four years of age and still going stabilized at about $800,000 un- (2) Country pastors and strong, has had a remarkable til an improvement of the gen- financial history. He was born eral economic situation gives other rural workers who feel i n Lee, Massachusetts, on opportunity for its reduction. A the need of better equipment March 2, 1848, and moved to striking feature of the report of for social and religious work Wichita in 1872. He entered foreign work is the large place among rural peoples; the banking business, but in the occupied by the Congo mission, collapse of 1887 he lost everywhich has nine-tenths of all (3) Candidates for mission- thing and found himself in Disciple churches in foreign ary service at home a~d abroad, debt. Starting again he estabfields and which contributed who are looking forward to three-fourths of the baptisms service in rural communities. lished a small soap business and during the past year, though it in 1890 began the manufacture (4) Nationals from those of Mentholatum, consecrating has only about 7 per cent of the countries which possess great his life and his business to investment in buildings and rural populations, who are pur- God. He was prospered, paid equipment. suing their studies in America, and desire to give special con- sideration to problems of rural life. his debts and in his partner- Lutherans Cut Budget The school will open January ship with God has given largely 5th and be in session for six of his time, strength and money A reduction of $400,000 in the weeks. to help spread the Gospel and annual budget of the United its benefits at home and abroad. Lutheran Church in America Advance in Evangelism Planned He has been a potent factor in was approved by the biennial evangelistic work in his own As a result of a conference convention held in Philadelphia. on Evangelism held at North- city and state and in the work The budget for the next three field last June, attended by fifty of the Presbyterian Church. He years was cut from $2,400,000 representatives of the cooperat- has given hundreds of thouto $2,000,000. The convention sands of dollars to missionary re-elected Dr. Frederick H. ing churches, a program of work at home and in other Knubel, of New York, president evangelism was adopted which lands. At Estes Park, Colo- of the church for his eighth sets forth three major items for rado, he provided land and sevterm. Dr. Knubel, who is 63 the coming year: en buildings for the Y. M. C. A.

years old, has been president 1. The deepening of the spir- annual conferences, where min- since 1918. itual life through person- isters and 0 the r Christian [665 ]

workers meet for physical, men- she teaches two children's class- ica, get very little from an tal and spiritual refreshment. es in Sunday school. He has been one of the chief Arabic service.-Syria N eW8 backers of the Omi "Mustard Quarterly. Seed" Mission in Japan started ANNABELLE STEWART, On the "Wheat Standard" by Dr. Wm. M. Vories, and has Stockdale, W. Va. Driven by existing circum- Russian Church Decline generously supported 0 the r At a recent convention of the stances the Clairmont Church Federated Russian Orthodox in Grande Prairie Presbytery, Christian work throughout the Clubs in Brooklyn the opinion world. Mr. Hyde is one of the Alberta, Canada, went on the d e v 0 ted stewards who has was expressed that the Russian "wheat standard" as a system greatly enriched his own life and the lives of others by his Orthodox Church is faced with of church financing. A new gifts, dispensing his wealth extinction in the United States during his lifetime. subscription list was composed unless it can hold the younger of two sections, one made up persons of Russian descent of those giving through the within its fold. The convention duplex envelopes, the other for Saved from Suicide voted to send young men to the farmers who would contribute Orthodox Theological Institute wheat, at the end of the half Life away from home without in Paris each year in order that year if they had it in store, or the restraints of parents holds they might be trained as priests at the end of the year if prommany perils for youth. A and instructors to establish ised on the basis of crop just young mountain lass from far Sunday schools with instruction seeded. back in the country in West in English. One farmer, who found it Virginia was so far from a high school that the only way Syrians in America difficult to keep his envelope subscription paid up, delivered she could receive an education Syrians who have emigrated 113 bushels of wheat in the fall, was to find board and room in to the United States are very the town where the school was widely scattered from the At- the sale of which netted consid- erably more than his promise. located. There life became such lantic to the Pacific and from Another who promised 25 busha tangle for her that the only the Great Lakes to the Gulf. way out seemed suicide.· She On the whole their standing is els for fall delivery was so en- couraged by the yield of his was dissuaded and faced life's creditable, and some fill respon- wheat crop that he brought in problems again. sible positions in civic affairs. 60 bushels in October (which Jessie's father, a man of fine In Brooklyn there is a consider- netted $25.00), and without any Christian character, heard of able number who are organized, hesitation resubscribed for the Pattie Stockdale School con- under Presbytery, into a Syrian same amount on the 1932 budducted by the Presbyterian Church which has more than get. His average subscription Church. He made application two hundred members and is for Jessie who was fourteen ministered to by a Syrian pas- he said had been ten dollars. The results of this method and a junior in high school. tor. In Paterson N. J., a con- were that at the end of the The old habits of lawless living siderable group worship regu- half year, instead of 12 or 13 bound her for several months; larly in one of the rooms in the per cent of the budget being discouragement seized upon her, First Church, which looks upon raised, fully 40 per cent of the and in the quiet of the night a this as a regular part of its year's budget had been paid; student found Jessie on her way church activities. Many of the and at the end of 1931, when the to the dispensary to get poison. attendants are full members. local bank closed, the church had This girl, an earnest Christian, In Canonsburg, Pa., services raised more money for the mistook Jessie and helped her over are held somewhat irregularly sionary and maintenance fund the hard places. During School ina U nit e d Presbyterian and more for local support than of Missions Jessie was thinking Church. Individuals are en- in any previous year in its hisabout life service and said, couraged to identify themselves "My mind is made up. Noth- with the Sunday .school and tory.-United Church Record.

. ing can hold me back." With other church organizations. LATIN AMERICA this same unflinching spirit she has progressed in her Christian In Jacksonville, Fla., mem- Religious Controversy in Mexico bers of the Syrian colony are life. She did outstanding work led in Arabic worship by a man The differences in Mexico be- in both Sunday school and Va- educated in the mission schools tween the government of the cation Bible schools. Jessie is of Syria. The difficulty in pro- State and the Roman Catholic now superintendent of the Pri- viding services for these Syrian Church have broken out again. mary Department of the Sun-· groups is in the fact that the Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y day school and assistant super- older generation has too imper- Flores, Papal Delegate, has intendent of the Junior Chris- fect a knowledge of English been expelled for defending a tian Endeavor. She has taught to enjoy worship in that lan- recent papal encyclical in which groups of illiterates to read in guage; while their children, the religious situation in Mexico two outstations. Every Sunday born and educated in Amer- was discussed. The re-establish-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of the Vatican as a tem- little from those existing be- there were five great Methodist poral state is back of the new fore American occupation, over bodies in Great Britain: the trouble. Any interference by the thirty years ago. The policy VVesleyan, the Primitive, the Church with the State is now has been to introduce Christian United Free, the New Connecconsidered by the secular lead- workers, drawn from the dis- tion and the Bible Christians. ers of Mexico to be the act of a tricts in which they are to The United Methodist Church, foreign State rather than of an serve, who therefore know not according to an Associated ecclesiastical authority. Other only the language of the people Press dispatch, embraces 5,000 signs of renewed antagonism of but their traditions, supersti. ministers, 200,000 Sun day the Government may be seen in tions and inhibitions. This school teachers, 1,250,000 Sunan act of the legislature of the worker makes his rounds like a day school students, and nearly State of Vera Cruz in approv- country doctor of a century ago. 1,000,000 members. Its total ing a decree declaring all Cath- He knows nothing of surgery property in Great Britain in olic priests have lost their citi- and very little of medicine, but churches, schools, colleges and zenship rights and empowering has learned the laws of cleanli- missions is estimated at from the State to take over church ness and sanitation. The moun- $210,000,000 to $280,000,000. property for other uses; and taineers think his touch has approval by the majority in the healing power. The Methodists of the world Chamber of Deputies of an in- total 12,000,000 members, with quiry as to whether the Arch- VVhen these pioneers have 60,000 ministers and 90,000 lobishop of Mexico is within his prepared the way, the Rev. J. cal preachers. rights in having continuously L. Santiago Cabrera and the exercised his clerical function Rev. Tomaso Aquino Ojeda fol- Mr. Arthur Henderson, now without having registered with low with their tent evangelism, President of the Disarmament the civil authorities. and after campaigns extending Conference, des c rib e s this over many months, a depend- merger as "one of the half- Eager for the Gospel able group will be ready for a dozen outstanding events in the permanent mission, which later whole history of Christianity." Dr. George P. Howard, evan- grows into an organized Sungelist to Latin-American repub- day school and church. In Dark Days–"All Wrong" lics, has recently completed a series of evangelistic meetings Campa Indians of Peru The above was the caption on in the city of Buenos Aires, Ar- a handbill distributed some time gentina. Commenting on these Rev. R. O. Stull, a Christian ago on the streets of London. meetings, Dr. Howard writes in Alliance missionary in Peru, Under the caption was printed the Christian Advocate: has on record the names of 210 the following list of predic- Indians and of 53 non-Indians tions: On the final evening over a thou- who have received teaching at sand people crowded into the hall, and the Cahuapanas Station. Most William Pitt-"There is scarcely the police had to close the doors to of these come and go, never anything around us but ruin and dekeep more from crowding in, contrary permanently settling in one spair." to fire regulations. Nearly 200 cards place, and so carry the Gospel were signed indicating a desire to message they have learned to Wilberforce, early in the nineteenth know more of the Christ life. The their scattered groups. An in- century: "I dare not marry, the fumost encouraging feature of these tell i g e n t Spanish-speaking ture is so dark and unsettled." meetings was the large attendance of Campa Indian came to the stapeople not connected with churches. tion recently and said that an Lord Gray in 1819 said he believed It is estimated that only about thirty Indian had told him of the "everything is tending to a convulper cent of the attendance was made blessing he had received at the sion." up of evangelicals. mission. Most Indians who come from their forest homes The Duke of Wellington, on the eve I am amazed at the rapidity with to Cahuapanas come to culti- of his death, in 1851, thanked God which events are taking place in vate the land in order to earn that he would "be spared from seeing South America. We must act quickly a living. -Alliance Weekly. the consummation of ruin that is -this is Latin America's day of white gathering about us." heat. The firm impress of Christ EUROPE must be laid now on the fluid material Disraeli in 1849-"In industry, comof these young commonwealths. The British Methodists Unite merce and agriculture, there is no frightful chaos in social and political hope." life, the misery and suffering in eco- The union of three Methodist nomic life-are all creating a feeling bodies in Great Britain into one Queen Adelaide said she "had only of nostalgia for something imperish- of the I a r g est Protestant one desire, to play the part of Marie able and a willingness to listen to any churches in the world was con- Antoinette with bravery in the revowho claim to have the way, the truth summated in London on Sep- lution that was coming on England." and the life. tember 20. Not many years ago Lord Shaftesbury in 1849-"Noth- Organizing Rural Puerto Rico ing can save the British Empire from shipwreck." Rural mission work in Puerto Rico is very important. In The circular concluded: many districts there are no public schools and conditions differ "We came through all right, and shall do so again."

In commenting on present conditions Sir VVilfred Grenfell says: "To adopt an attitude of defeatism is a negation of our heritage as a Viking race."

-The Christian World.

To Aid German Protestants !hese schools have within a year able difficulty, largely from two Recent reports from Germany Increased from 102 schools with causes, the persistence of the 8,300 pupils to 341 schools with religious spirit in groups and disclose distressing conditions 28,5~4 pupils. The Zoe Society individuals, and inertia on the publIshes religious periodical part of the anti-religious workamong the evangelical benevo- ers. With the best intentions in weeklies and numerous religious the world (or should one say lent institutions and welfare and ethical books. The chief the worst intentions?) the lead- ers of anti-Christian hostilities agencies. The economic depres- aim of this literature is "to in- have been unable to maintain a glowing missionary zeal in sion has brought these institu- fluence the mind and heart for their followers for their war the formation of right convic- against religion. In a phrase of tions to the verge of bankrupt- their own, "Indifference cuts tions and Christian character without a knife," and the "Ascy. The Lutheran Inner Mission and to effect a conscious bond sociation of the Militant God- less" is not meeting with any Union, the central organization with the Church." There have considerable success. also been undertaken various which has supervision over t1h2~t- pedagogical pro j e c t s. Last -The Living Church. 000 institutions, reports Christmas eve student groups AFRICA from January 1, 1931, to March sang the carols and collected Sudan School for Agriculture 31, 1932, 123 Protestant homes, over 2,500 drachmas, with which were prepared and dis- Of all the countries of the Near equipped with full residential tributed to poor children 328 East, probably the Sudan is least affected by the present facilities, had already been suits of clothing sewed free of financial depression. There has charge. The spirit of brotherabandoned, and the list was hood has been fostered among growing from week to week. the schools by reciprocal visits and correspondence. Mission This situation has led the Cen- clubs within the schools help to tral Bureau for Relief of Evan- foster the missionary spirit. The gelical Churches of Europe to inaugurate a special appeal for German Protestant Relief, real- izing that this is a bulwark be- tween the contending forces of demagogues and atheists.

Russian Work in Poland Zoe Society supports a number been very little unrest. A large "In Poland there are about ten of field workers who tour the proportion of missionary effort million Russians and Ukrain- country in the interest of re- has been expended on the ians. The country is in the ligious education. Lately the schools, and among these the J. grip of Roman Catholicism, and Zoe Society has received the Kelly Giffen School for Agricul- I was several times in danger of blessing of the Archbishop of ture is winning its way in spite losing even life," writes Rev. 1. Athens, and the Greek ecclesias- of being understaffed and run- V. Neprash in the Watchman- tics are encouraging its work. ning on a skeleton budget. From Examiner. "The evangelical unexpected sources there are work grows remarkably, and Bulgaria's Religious Program coming tributes to its usefulthe number of the converts is ness as the only agricultural far beyond the ability of the On the initiative of the Y. M. school in the Sudan. In a deworkers to train them in Chris- C. A., a special committee has pression year the school regrets tion life. Of unusual success been formed in Bulgaria for that it cannot supply all the positive Christian propaganda persons who desire the agriculhave been the six courses for as the best means of combating ture farm milk. Because of a workers. Two hundred and the effects of anti-religious edu- lessened staff, the school has sixty-three students took the cation. Leading authors and not held its usual Agriculture courses, besides one hundred clergymen are participating, Exposition. A near relative of and fifty or more who listened. and the holy synod of the Bul- the Mahdi is numbered among The increased blessing after garian Church, in spite of ex- the students. treme economic difficulties, has these courses was so evident assigned 100,000 levas for the The Gospel and the African that government officials became committee's work. Literature interested in my ministry. The now in preparation includes a Dr. Hetherwick, who, with Dr. work will be followed by letters series of handbills for popular Robert Laws, was an outstandand literature." use, special sermons, material ing pioneer of Christianity in Zoe Society of Greece for priests and several pam- Central Africa, says in his book A gratifying report is made phlets for the use of teachers, entitled "The Gospel and the African" : by the Zoe Society of Athens prepared as a direct reply to regarding the growth of the The conception of the Christian catechetical schools of the Greek· communist anti-religious agita- Church brings to the African a wider tion. -Christian Century. and fuller sense of unity than he hith- erto conceived of in his village, clan Orthodox Church. In Athens Religion Not Dead in Russia and tribal institution. By his memand its suburbs the fourteen Attempts to organize anti-reli- ~ership in the Church he is brought schools of last year have become gious activity in Soviet Russia mto a new relationship with peoples twenty-five, with 5,491 regis- continue to meet with consider- ~nd races, with tribes and tongues liv- mg far away from the villages on the tered students. In all Greece

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shire Highlands or along the shores to the missionaries and to the in any form it suggests tyranof Lake Nyasa. A striking instance ny, slavery, polygamy, and an of this occurred several years ago un- Ovimbundu church to complete obnoxious brotherhood with der my own observation, an instance the work of evangelizing his races which both countries deof that feeling of unity and mutual tribe. The one thousand five responsibility which is one of the hundred people present rose test. Rulers of both countries pleasing fruits of Christianity. Thir- agree that to let their subjects ty years ago, on the occasion of a and sang "Praise God from drift into agnosticism would be great famine in India, the members of to court disaster, and are con- whom all blessings flow." the young Christian churches in the -United Church Record.

Blantyre Mission, on hearing of the The Bantu Mind vinced that the Gospel of St. sufferings of their fellow Christians John, as the revelation of the there, "determined to send relief to The General Missionary Con- immaculate life, with its appeal ference of South Africa which to motherhood and sisterhood, their brethren" in the Punjab. They knew from experience what famine meant, but for the first time in their meets triennially is perhaps the as well as to brotherhood, is the lives they realized the new bond of most important religious con- most suitable textbook. brotherhood which Christianity had woven for them with a people in the vention held in South Africa. Anticipating the decision of far-off, hitherto unknown land of In- At no other gathering is there this conference, the Persian dia. so manifest the unity of the Government has. given permis- Mucomba, the Hunchback churches; and the pronounce- sion to missionaries – Roman ments made on trends in the re- Catholic and Episcopalian only South and east of the Kukema ligious and moral life of South -to introduce Christian Scripand Kuanza rivers, in West Afri<~a receive wide publicity in tures into the country. Packing Africa, is a region of eighty the press. The latest gathering cas e s containing 2,000,000 thousand square miles occupied in Pretoria discussed the by a tribe known as the Va- Church's supreme task of evan- copies of the New Testament Luimbe. It would be difficult to gelism. have already arrived and been find a people of deeper degreda- The Rev. P. Fatton of the franked through the customs tion. In 1925, money was given Swiss Mission, speaking on The free of duty. to start work among them. One Gospel and the Bantu Mind, -Chicago Tribune. of the first inquirers was a said that to the credit of the New Leper Hospital in Arabia hunchback named Mucomba. In Bantu could be put sociability, The Mission to Lepers is giving a short while he learned the genius for friendship, loyalty, financial assistance tot h e chief Bible stories, the Lord's courteousness, reverence, law- Church of Scotland Mission for Prayer, could sing hymns, ahidingness, obedience to recog- the medical work for the lepers which he translated into his nized authority, trustworthi- at Sheikh Othman, a town a own language, and even in ness, mental abilities, power of few miles out of Aden, thus learning Portuguese revealed a arguing and reasoning, gift of establishing a new link in the keen intellect. The work is car- languages, tolerance, grateful- leper work for Arabia. The hosried on in seven districts, each ness, absolute faith in the su- pital is an old Government Post under the supervision of a pernatural. To the debit side: House which has not been occu- Christian native elder. In 1930 self-conceit, cunning, cruelty, pied for many years. It stands each of these areas, on succes- hatred, jealousy, fatalism, care- in a large state garden and it is sive Sundays, took charge of the lessness, superstition. From the hoped that a good deal of garchurch service at the Chissamba Temple. On the day given over Christian point of view there den work will be available for was a fine asset in Bantu so- such lepers as are benefited by to the VaLuimbe district over ciability. They are a fundamen- muscular exercise. The hospital two hundred VaLuimbe pupils tally religious people. "To meet is capable of holding twenty-five appeared, some of whom had their aspirations," said Mr. cases – sixteen men and nine come eighty miles. Everything Fatton, "the message should be women. At present there are was carried on in the Luimbe threefold; social, moral and re- no women lepers in, but the language. Only the sermon ligious." male part of the hospital is well came through an interpreter. filled. Dr. Napier, assisted by a The choir was wonderful. The -South African Outlook. young Indian medical graduate singing of two duets by a boy from Bombay, is in charge of and girl produced a sensation. WESTERN ASIA The greatest surprise was the the work. sermon preached by Mucomba, Gospel Displaces Koran -Without the Camp.

A complete discredit of Moham- the hunchback. It had three medanism was discussed at a Persia's Modern Women meeting of the educational leadpoints: first, gratitude to God ers of Turkey and Persia in Regarding the new freedom of Tabriz last June. Both govern~ Mohammedan women in Persia, and to the Ovimbundu for ments have decided that teach- Mrs. J. D. Payne writes in the thinking of the VaLuimbe, de- ing a revised version of the Moody Monthly: graded though they were; sec- Koran would be a retrograde ond, the enlightenment and step, foredoomed to failure, for The veil is being discarded not only blessed influences of the Chris- in the capital city but even in such tian faith; the third, an appeal fanatical centers as Tabriz and Me-

shed. At the recent graduation in the the lives of young people, to Training Syrian Christians former city there were no veiled girls that extent only can we call it among the graduates. It is said there Evidences of missionary zeal successful. Self-discipline has among young Syrians in Travare as many as a hundred families in the greatest spiritual impor- ancore are seen in the new com- Meshed who are forging ahead for munity school for outcaste chil- dren. Christian students will real freedom for their women. "At tance. (3) The acquisition of train the boys until they are old the last minute," writes a mission- knowledge has value only as it enough to be settled on a piece ary's wife in Meshed, "I was prevent- enriches spiritual life. (4) of land and to earn their liv- Ideals are the blue prints of re- ing. The workers live in the ed from going to a tea at the home of greatest simplicity with the one of the teachers of the girls' boys, teaching them, playing with them, eating with them. school, and my husband went alone. ligious education. A school Upon arriving he was greeted at the should select a definite goal to The ancient Syrian Christian door by the hostess, an .almost un- be reached within a specified Church in Travancore is di- time. vided into groups, the principal heard of thing. He found several ones being the Jacobite, the other couples there, the wives com- Mar Thoma and the Anglican. Eleven years ago a group of pletely unveiled and very much at men from these three church- es founded the Union Christian their ease in the company of men. India and Prohibition College at Alwaye, governed by Three imported women's hats were Indian Christians. It has adoptbrought out and my husband was The difficulty in India is to ed what is known as the "conasked to indicate how they should be convert the Government to pro- science clause," which means worn." that the Hindus are under no hibition of intoxicants, rather obligation to attend the regular Scripture teaching given to the than the people. If a popular Christians. They can be reached only by quiet personal contacts. INDIA AND BURMA vote were taken the majority The colI e g e attempts to strengthen its Christian stu- Breaking Caste Rule would be for prohibition. But dents in the knowledge and leaders feel that the task of in- practice of faith by daily prayers in the hostels morning When Mahatma Gandhi began ducing the Government to adopt and evening, by services in the college chapel, Bible circles for his recent fast to protest anything but a revenue policy small groups of students on Sundays, and regular Scripture against the forming of separate is hopeless at present. teaching during the week.

electorates for the untouchables The Anglo-Indian Temper- Burma Christian Council the Hindu students of Ewing ance Association in London has The annual interdenominational Christian Council of Burma Christian College, Allahabad, decided to transfer most of the met July 15-19, with "The Kingdom of God in Burma" as began a one-day fast in sym- work to India. the central topic for discussion. Different phases presented inpathy. They then broke caste The governments in the dif- cluded Christian Literature, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, by inviting the "untouchable" ferent provinces are committed city and rural reconstruction, and Gospel Teams. students to a feast and ate with unfortunately to a policy of It was decided to change the them: This is a greater step popularizing the drink traffic. name of the Burma for Christ -Dnyanodaya. Movement to The Kingdom of than if Southern white students God Movement, which would better express the breadth of in America invite colored stu- its aim,and would also bring it into line with similar movedents to dine with them in their A Bengal Village School ments in India and Japan. The Council was fortunate in having homes. The Chapra Village Teachers' Dr. Stanley Jones, whose mes- A report also comes from sages were delivered before im- Training School is a combined Bombay that untouchability in mission endeavor, with the Rev. public places, such as schools, F. Ryrie of the Church of courts and offices, has been abol- Scotland as principal, to supply ished in the State of Bhor. This suitably trained teachers for was announced in the speech the village schools of the variopening the session of the State ous missions in Bengal. The Legislative Council on October total Indian staff in all depart- 19th. Bhor is a small State of ments numbers 21, all of whom 130,000 inhabitants near Poona. are Christians and 17 are for- Value in Religious Education mer students. The courses in- clude such subjects as the Rev. C. B. Hill, of Belgaum, study of union boards, cooper- last summer gave a series of ative banks, village uplift by lectures in Ahmednagar on the health work, the acquiring of a Charlerhouse program of re- trade and a knowledge of sim- ligions education. He drew a ple and improved agriculture.

square upon the blackboard, at An evangelistic camp is held the four corners of which he once a year, and students are wrote the words-worship, con- encouraged to help in Sunday duct, knowledge, ideals. schools, prayer meetings and (1) Genuine worship must· services in small hamlets. They consist in communion between go out for two weeks a year to the worshipper and God. (2) village schools for practice Conduct relates the worshipper teaching. The school completed to other men. To the extent that its fourth year in December, a program is able to take root in 1931.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mense audiences of all creeds we will face a Communist now to be the primary concern of the and colors. China. Last May Molodaya National Government. Gvardia, a Russian monthly, -Burma Baptist Bulletin. published in Moscow, claimed VVork for Lepers that "200 out of 773 districts of SIAM Central and Southern China The Chinese Mission to Lepers, were under the control of the organized in 1926, includes News from Bangkok Soviet Government of China." among its officers and directors The population of these 200 dis- many prominent Christian Chi- An American missionary's wife tricts is estimated at about nese: President, Wm. Yinson writes in the China Critic: 60,000,000. It was stated that Lee; Vice-President, Dr. Fong the Chinese Red Army, num- F. Sec; General Secretary, Rev. The Chinese church in Bangkok has bering about 150,000, had been T. C. Wu. Already the Mission done well in sending funds to China able to fight off "the third cam- is functioning effectively. A for relief work. Last year they were paign undertaken by the Nan- series of fifteen charts, issued asked by the Chinese Chamber of king generals against the Chi- by this organization and dis- Commerce to give a program in one nese Soviet areas." tributed all over China, show of the theaters and ticals 1,200 were the comprehensive way i n turned into a fund for the flood suf- H. G. W. Woodhead, Editorial which these Chinese are carryferers, which sum was sent by the Associate of the Shanghai Eve- ing on their educational cam- Chamber of Commerce. The Chris- ning Post, speaks alarmingly of paign to remove the curse of tians have already sent one thousand the fact that the Sino-Japan- leprosy. They are working ticals to the National Christian Coun- ese hostilities in Manchuria and with the American Mission to cil in Shanghai and have almost an- Shanghai have resulted in the Lepers and the Mission to Lepother thousand ready to send. We do relaxation, if not the abandon- ers, London, with the ultimate not number rich people in our Chris- ment, of the Central Govern- hope that China may not only tian group. These last funds will ment's efforts to cope with the care for her own lepers propprobably be administered by the Red menace in China. Heavy erly but may finally rid the na- Christian churches. rainfall, floods, the revolt of tion of this dread disease which Gen. Shih Yu-shan, and the se- now claims about a million vic- CHINA cession of Canton, interfered tims in this country. The with the campaign, which came Nationalist Government espe- Flood Relief cially requested the Chinese to a standstill after the Japan- Mission to Lepers to help set up Dr. David A. Brown, chair- ese coup in Mukden. Mr. Wood- a program to free the nation of man of China Famine Relief, head continues: leprosy. U. S. A., is visiting the recently flooded sections as well as the The activities of the communists Place of the Home famine areas to study the work did not cease. They resumed their and to ascertain how American activities in Hupeh, Kiangsi and Fu- In an endeavor to touch one philanthropy can be of further kien, and slowly but surely regained of the mainsprings of Chinese assistance. He says in The Liv- lost ground, and occupied additional life, there has been aroused a ing Church: territory, until today they have well- new consciousness of the im- nigh succeeded in creating a semicir- portance of the home, and much China Famine Relief is the only or- cular belt, enclosing Chekiang and the thought has been given to efganization in the world that attempt- lower Yangtze, and extending almost forts to christianize the homeed substantial relief efforts during a from coast to coast through Fukien, life of China. The observance period when that country suffered the Kiangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, Anhwei and of a special Home Week among greatest famine in its history. Ap- Kiangsu. Christian people, the holding of proximately 35,000,000 people were a leader's conference to considaffected, and the work of the organi- We do not know how far genuine er problems affecting the home, zation has been such that it has built communism underlies the subversive and the preparation and distriup in China respect and love for the activities of the Chinese Reds, but the bution of literature have been people of America. Instead of limit- leaders have exploited the misery of useful. In not a few Christian ing our efforts to doling out food or the impoverished, hunger-stricken periodicals space has been given opening soup kitchens, we engaged in masses. to the home problems. The constructive work, such as road build- family is the backbone of Chiing, dike repairing, irrigation projects The real menace is not communism, na's national life, probably to a and well drilling, and employed the but the causes of communism. And greater extent than among any famine sufferers, paying them in food. these it is difficult, if not impossible, people of the earth. The efforts of China Famine Relief for an impoverished government to have so far resulted in procuring ap- eliminate. Yet this is now the most The Mois, of Dalat, Annam proximately $10,000,000 Mex. urgent of the many problems con- fronting the National Government. Mrs. E. F. Irwin, of Saigon, Dr. Brown stated that this Cochin-China, writes in the Alorganization began its work im- The danger ought to be recognized liance Weekly of an effort to mediately upon the news being and faced. The danger of cooperation reach the Mois, the "hill folk" received in America of the se- between the Reds and unpaid soldiery ries of floods in which some is constantly arising. It will continue 25,000,000 people suffered com- to recur until the anti-communist plete ruin. campaign is adequately financed and continuously pressed. The Red Peril in China To save the country from the an- Some Far Eastern English lan- archy, chaos and 'interminable bloodguage editors declare that if the shed that would result from another Red Peril is not soon checked year of unchecked Red activities ought

of Dalat, Annam. The govern- gelize and educate for a more an. To that place he invited ment will not give permission Christian future. A new I y ex-convicts to live and work to visit the villages of these organized Foreign Missionary with him, and gradually huntribesmen, and the Mois them- Society proposes to carry the dreds of such were converted, selves do not wish the white Gospel to Japanese emigrants proving the falsity of that man to enter. But representa- in Brazil, Hawaii, California and statement of Lombroso.-Christives from different tribes come elsewhere. Similarly the Japan tian World Facts. to buy and sell at the Dalat Christian Education Associamarket. They must remain sev- tion has recently taken on en- Challenging Resolutions eral nights, and are invited to larged activity. Its summer The annual meeting of the Fedconsider the mission grounds as school centered the courses eration of Christian Missions in their abode until they return to around Bible study and evan- Japan, held at Karuizawa in their villages. Until recently it gelism, especially the practical July, took as its theme "The was impossible to persuade application of Christianity to Missionary Today." Among the them to come, but many are present world conditions. The subjects discussed were "The beginning to remain and hear Japan Methodist Church has Missionary and Social Probthe story of the Cross. The embarked upon an impressive lems," "Projecting the Kingdom missionary hires as many men campaign of evangelism among of God Movement," "The New as he can afford to work on the the Japanese in Manchuria, Missionary Movement and the mission property in order that while the Kingdom of God Home Church," and "The Mesthey may hear of the Saviour, Movement is pressing its pro- sage of the Missionary to the return to their homes, and tell gram into the remotest regions, Present Age." The Committee others of Him. Every day at both urban and rural. Plans of Findings brought in an espenoon a service is held for all are laid with a view to elimi- cially helpful report on "The the Mois who are on the prem… nating denominational duplica- New Missionary Movement and ises; but if a crowd comes to tion. the Home Church." Among its sell its wares, a meeting is held Redeeming Criminals declarations were an unwilling- at once. Recently, a new crowd ness to consider a retrenchment came, from a different tribe, Shimpei Homma, a carpenter policy; the continued need of and delighted the missionaries in an inland Japanese city, missionary cooperation, espe- by the questions asked. when his trade was slack, would cially in rural work; the pri- Taonan, Manchuria pull a ricksha to eke out a liv- mary importance of training ing. One day a judge from Christian leaders; a suggestion In the last three years the Tokyo rode in his ricksha, fell for a Committee on Comity; a chapel in Taonan, Manchuria, asleep during the journey, and new boldness in condemning has been enlarged three times. dropped a book into the street. war, economic exploitation, Dr. Jonathan Goforth was in- Homma picked it up and offered commercialized vice, intempervited to hold a Revival Mission it to the judge, but the latter ance, child labor and intense there recently, and though the declined it, saying it was too nationalism; and the importplace had had every partition dirty. Homma found it to be ance 0 f demonstrating the torn down, the chapel was in English! It took him about Christian faith in daily life and crowded to capacity at every three years to learn enough sacrificial giving. meeting. During the revival English to read that book, but -Christian Intelligencer. the matter of building a church he did it, beginning with his was taken up with great enthu- a-b-c'sJ All Korea Campaign siasm. Within four days $1,170 Then he discovered it to be Presbyterian and Methodist was subscribed to put up a a book on Criminology, by the churches in Korea have united building to seat at least 1,000. Italian authority Lombroso. The in a common program for an One of the contributors was the book said there is no hope for All-Korea Evangelistic Camgateman who promised a whole the repentance of criminals. paign. Beginning October 16, This statement made Mr. Hom- and continuing for six weeks, month's wages. Besides evangelism in the rna indignant and he thought each of the 2,500 churches city of Taonan, many places that if one would live with a joined in the movement setting have been reached in the re- criminal, and be kind enough to aside Sunday evenings or midgions beyond. There are now help him, then there would be week prayer service for the four important substations; all hope. By that time he had be- study of personal evangelism. of these have evangelists in come a Christian, and he went November 27 is known as "Decharge.-Evangelical Christian. to Tokyo to work as a carpen- cision Day," when it was hoped ter. He was appointed over that every member would give JAPAN-CHOSEN two thousand stonebreakers, the church officers the name of Christian Activities building a palace for the J ap- at least three non-Christian anese Emperor. Homma did friends for whose conversion Japanese Christians seem more well and earned enough to buy special effort is made. Each than ever determined to evan- a marble quarry in West J ap- church has organized personal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

workers' bands and made other work it has recently added four with six outlying stations; in plans for special evangelistic others dealing with general the Langa-Langa Lagoon a work. Sunday evening services education, health, economic betthroughout the winter will be terment and recreation. An ele- healthy indigenous church, with especially evangelistic. The slo- ment of strength is that the more than 2,000 true Chrisgan adopted is "Make all Korea plan is essentially indigenous. tians in the district. Bible Conscious This Year!" A Governor's Tribute GENERAL Christian Literature Society General Sir George Richardson, A Year with C. M. A. In 1931, exactly 41 years after Administrator of western Sathe adoption of the first consti- moa from 1923-1928, pays high The Christian and Missionary tution of the Christian Litera- tribute to workers in mission ture Society, and 20 years after fields as of most valuable assist- Alliance presents the following the erection of the first building ance in promoting the true welin Seoul, on the same site, was fare of the people and as advis- report for the past year: completed the present $60,000 ers to the government in native building. problems. But for the mission- Eleven new stations were aries, he affirms, good govern- There is now a Korean staff ment in the South Seas would opened in 1931 in 11 fields; also of 32 clerks, editors, proofread- be impossible. ers, salesmen, secretaries and 102 outstations. A comparative packers, and a foreign staff of Dur.ing Sir George's regime four. The Society has an an- in Samoa he endeavored to table summarizes the achievenual budget of nearly $50,000. carry out the following policy: (1) Health – to eradicate dis- ments: During the last 20 years the ease and promote child welfare. Soc i e t y has sold 3,210,000 (2) Education – to suit educa- 1921 1931 Christian books, 3,227,000 peri- tion to the natives' need and 20 odicals, and 23,580,000 tracts. not copy European systems. (3) Number of Fields……• 16 The total circulation for these Agriculture-to teach the most 151 two decades has been 32,000,- profitable use of the land and N wnber of Stations…. . 131 400 000 copies, or an average of 1,- encourage industry. 600,000 per year.-Korea Mis- Missionaries on Field.. . 327 52 sion Field. -The Open Door. Missionaries on Furlough 62 45 ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC In the Solomon Islands 497 Missionaries Detsined at 1,282 Community Parish in Resulting from the labors of 482 Rhilippines the South Sea Evangelical Mis- Home ………….. . 2'5 28,767 sion, little Christian villages 4,729 Doctor Kenyon L. Butterfield have sprung up on three of the Nwnber of Missionaries. 414 12,620 writes that he was able to dis- Solomon Group. It is to these 654 cover in the Philippines a villages the heathen come if Native Workers…….. . 774 29,280 church, in existence for many they decide to follow Christ, for 13 years, which has already dem- the daily life of the people is Churches ………… .. 140 onstrated the principles of so bound up with heathen wor- 346 rural community cooperation. ship and tabus as to make it Church Membership.•.. 12,681 This is on the island of Negros. impossible for a Christian to re- $44,956.49 It contains about thirty thou- main in a heathen village. He Baptisms during Year .. 1,466 sand people, half of them in would be constantly breaking the market town at the seashore these tabus, thus incurring the Inquirers during Year .. 4,240 and the other half scattered on wrath of their devil-devils, and the land up two valleys that bringing sickness to the village. Sunday Schools…….. . 19'6 converge at the town. Prot- Those who come to school have estant workers there had to de- very little light; but as they go Sunday School Scholars. 10,660 cide between a number of small day by day they hear the VVay weak churches or one strong plainly preached, and before Bible Training Schools.. 13 church. They chose the latter long they are truly born again. and there is now a church of This they call "signing 'long Bible Training School fifteen hundred members, self- Jesus," for they think of their supporting, with an able pas- names being entered in the Students ………… . 342 tor, carrying on regular work Book of Life somewhat as they. in nineteen districts throughout are "Signed on" for plantation Native Offerings (Value the parish. To the four depart- work. ments of elders, deacons, reli- in U. S. Gold)……. $23,201.58 gious education and women's On Malaita there is a main station and training school, To End Slavery The Archbishops of Canter- bury and York, with other church leaders in England, have issued a letter urging the end of slavery throughout the world, in connection with the centenary next July of the abo- lition of slavery in British pos- sessions. This act of church leaders is a reflection of the efforts being made by the League of Nations to the same end. It has been estimated that between 4,000,000 and 6,000,000 human beings are still held as property, with the rights of sale vested in other persons. The letter says: We express our grateful thanks for any such local effort made to draw public attention to Britain's efforts to abolish the crime of slavery, more particularly where such effort takes the form of drawing the attention of congregations to the far more difficult task to which the League of Nations stands committed. The death of Wil- berforce took place on July 29, 1833, . and it has been suggested that clergy and ministers may feel able to refer to abolition during service on one Sunday in July, 1933. Britain's action 100 years ago has always been re- garded as of profound historic import.

-The Churchman.

Communism as a Pathfinder mission fields of the Foreign and does for us He can be and do Mission Society should have for all men. A missionary of the Basel reached 19,853, a record that Mission, writing from China, has been exceeded only seven 5. We believe that, having says that communism is truly times in the 118 years of the found in Jesus Christ, our Reanti-Christian. He says that Society's history. Baptism sta- deemer, the supreme revelation not only the conditions in tistics in themselves, however, of God and having discovered Russia bear out his statement, can never accurately reflect our fellowship with Him to be but that also the latest records Christian progress. The King- our most priceless treasure and of the Basel Mission Society in- dom of God advances visibly the only adequate way to spiritdicate the truth. When four of and invisibly. Its progress is ual life, we should have an their missionaries were in the seen in developments that can overmastering desire to share hands of the communists and neither be calculated in terms Him with others and very spehe and others were fleeing of arithmetic nor measured in cially with those who are His homeless from one place to an- statistical reports.-The. Watch- own people according to the other, in order to escape the man-Examiner. flesh. We therefore have a red peril, he was ready to sub- clear and compelling evangelisscribe to the declaration of a Missionary Expenditure tic purpose so to present Jesus friendly American missionary, Christ, by word and deed, to the that missions in China were Dr. Warnshuis has prepared the Jews, that they may be attractforever done for. following table: ed to His personality and recog- nize Him as their Christ, as in Not being at liberty to leave '!'he Aggregate Expenditure of the 'Mission- truth He was and is (Christians his field, he resolved to remain and Jews, p. 131). with the hope that the power ary Societies Cooperating in the National of the Gospel must win out in The chief subjects of discusthe long run. This hope has Missionary Organizations Represented in the sion were the treatment of antinot been disappointed. Mis- Semitism, the church fellowship sions were not annihilated; but International Missionary Council in the of Hebrew Christians (whether communism has lost large areas or not a distinctive Hebrewof influence in the regions Years 1928 and 1930. Christian Church would be dewhere it dominated. sirable) and literature. The Average committee expressed itself em- So far as the lower classes phatically as deploring the conare concerned, the communists 1928 1930 in dollars tinued existence of prejudice, have held forth promises of so- and welcoming every approach cial improvement which they Australia £ 285.701" 285.701* $1.390.381 between Jew and Christian, and were not able to fulfil. Before "it will seek to foster study and their coming, the social aspects Belgium Fr. 207.828 130.134 4.676 discussion of the realities of the had not been prominent. Now, situation in the hope of leading however, by their failure a Denmark Kr. 2.061.520 1.980.914 537.282 to definite efforts to eliminate vacuum has been created in the evil." hungry souls and it is up to the Finland M. 4.241.289 4.290.000 111.005 missionary to give answer to Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, the Dithe problems raised. France Fr. 3.381.966 5.418.280 166.912 rector of the Department, ex- pects to be in America until the The upper classes, which in Germany M. 5.860.400 7.286.703 1.527.125 early part of 1933. China have been living "on the sweat and blood of the poor," Great Does Prayer Change Anything? are beginning to see what Christ meant in speaking of the Britain £ 2.308.704 2.286.663 11.178.956 It changes me. The personal difficulties for a rich man to reactions which take place when enter the Kingdom of God. Latin one prays habitually and in sim- Now the rich have become more ple, straightforward, earnest receptive to the Gospel. Com- America $ 4.402.657 4.511.25111 4.386.209 fashion, are too manifest to be munism has, in a different way questioned. Does anything ever from what it intended, put rich Nether- change a man's inner life and and poor on the same basis. disposition so rapidly, so thor- lands Fl. 1.350.564 1.066.572 481.882 oughly, so permanently as the -Der Heidenbote. habit of prayer? New Baptist Growth It changes the atmosphere. Zealand £ 96.950 90.000 460.537 This is done in the home in The year has witnessed a re- such a way as to affect the markable advance in evangel- North lives of the entire family when ism in Baptist missions. It is the members of that family significant that in a year of Americat $ 27.515.956 28.824.927 28.288.274 meet daily and kneel before depression accessions to Baptist Church membership in the ten Norway Kr. 3.240.510 2.800.000 700.062 Sweden Kr. 4.016.107 3.992.717 1.128.703 Switzer- land Fr. 1.322.887 1.507.289 279.038 South Africa £ 100.000 150.000 632.653 — $51.273.695 * Figures for 1927. t Exclusive of expenditure in Latin America.

:I: Estimated. II Exclusive of one large mission board.

Christian Approach to the Jews The International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews met at Digswell Park, Welwyn, near London, on June 13th and 14th, 1932.

The committee reaffirmed the findings of the conference held at Atlantic City in May, 1931, on the aim and basis of the Christian Approach to the Jew, as follows: 1. We are profoundly con- vinced that Jesus Christ is God's answer to the whole world's· need. Having found Him to be the Way, the Truth and the Life for ourselves, we are persuaded that what He is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their Maker in prayer for help Dr. John McDowell, a Secretary of Obituary Notes and guidance to live aright. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, will give his entire time to The Rev. Lloyd P. Henderson, for It changes the atmosphere of "the responsibility of the Church for twelve years a missionary of the a community where places and industrial and social relations." American Presbyterian Church, and habits of prayer are main- stationed at Hsinpin, Manchuria, was tained. It changes the atmos- * *' * killed on October 15th. Mr. Henderphere of a college where those son was in a party traveling from values in life which are su- Mr. W. H.P. Anderson, General Sec- Hsinpin to the Mukden-Hailung Railpreme and lasting are exalted retary of the Mission to Lepers, Lon- way when the party was suddenly atby the maintenance of services don, is making an extended tour of tacked by "bandits" and Mr. Henderof prayer. leper colonies in Japan, Formosa and son was killed. China. It opens doors into the Un- *** seen Order. This Kingdom of * *' * Heaven enfolds us all. The open- The Rev. Bert Nelson, a missionary of ing of the doors make possible Hugh R. Monro of Montclair, N. J., a the American Lutheran Church, has the direct approach and the layman, active in many phases of been reported killed by communists in ministry of the Spirit of the Christian work, has received the de- China on August 24th. Mr. Nelson Father. My own deepest in- gree of LL. D. from Cumberland Uni- went to China in 1917 and was stastincts, when my mind is clear- versity, Tennessee. He is Chairman tioned at Kwangshau, Honan Province. est and my heart purest, the of the North America Administrative Two years ago he was taken captive, experiences of praying people Committee of the WorId's Sunday with the Rev. K. N. Tvedt (who was in all lands and ages, and the School Association, and President of later released) and was held for rantestimony and practice of Jesus the Stony Brook Assembly. som. Mr. Nelson was taken to Chili- Christ, all confirm the claims ping, Hupeh Province, where he was that I make for prayer. * *' * put to death because of the commun- ists' hostility to Americans. -CHARLES R. BROWN. Charles Edward Vail, M. D., an Amer- ican Presbyterian medical missionary *** General Gordon on Public surgeon in charge of Miraj Hospital., Opinion India, has been awarded the gold Dr. Isaac Oluwole, African Assistant Kaiser-I-Hind medal for his distin- Bishop of Lagos, died July 22 after a All this caring for what peo- guished medical service in India. This Christian service of 61 years. ple will say is from pride. Hoist is the second time King George has your flag, and abide by it; in an honored Dr. Vail. *** infinitely short time all secret things will be divulged; there- *** Rev. Percy Smith, Methodist missionfore, if you are misjudged, why ary in North Africa and a recognized trouble to put yourself right? Dr. Adolf Keller, director of the Cen- authority on Christian literature in You have no idea of what a lot tral Bureau for the Relief of the the Arabic language, died in England of trouble it saves you. Give Evangelical Churches of Europe, is August 31. your advice, give your opinion visiting America. on all subjects; if neither are *** approved, what does it signify? ** * Roll your burden on Him and Rev. George F. Pykett, Methodist mis- He will make straight your mis- Dr. Daniel G. Lai of Shanghai, China, sionary in Malaya for 41 years, died takes. He will put you right is studying at the United States Ma- in England September 9. with those with whom you have rine Hospital, Carville, Louisiana, speset yourself wrong. cailizing in leper work. Dr. Lai was Dates to Remember the college physician at the Univer- CHARLES GORDON, 1877. sity of Shanghai. December 3-5-United Stewardship Council, Indianapolis, Ind. Personal Items *** December 4-Universal Bible Sunday. Dr. Arthur V. Casselman, who has Dr. T. Albert Moore has been elected held successive positions in mission- Moderator of the General Council of December 6-10-Quadrennial Meeting ary statesmanship for the Reformed the United Church of Canada. Dr. of the Federal Council of Churches Church in the United States, has been Moore was born in Acton, Ontario, of Christ in America. Indianapolis, called to be Associate Secretary of seventy-five years ago and was secre- Ind. the Board of Foreign Missions of that tary of the Methodist General Conferchurch. ence from 1906 to the union, and has December 19-22-Foreign Missions since been secretary of the General Conference of North America. * *' * Council. Briarcliff Manor, New York.

Dr. J. C. Robbins, of the Baptist For- *** January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural eign Missions Society, is making an Christian Workers' Conference. extended visit to mission fields of In- The Rev. A. M. Chirgwin has recently Scarritt College for Christian Workdia and Burma. been appointed General Secretary of ers, Nashville, Tenn. the London Missionary Society. For twelve years he has been Assistant January 9-11-Annual Home Missions 'Secretary in the Home Department, Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New and for the last three years has been York. one of the Foreign Secretaries. Among the books he has written are "War- January 15-February 8–Florida Chain faring for Christ" and "An African of Missionary Assemblies. Pilgrimage." January 17-20-Cause and Cure of *** War Conference. Washington, D. C.

The Rev. Leland Foster Wood, Ph.D., January 23-February 18–Cornell former Professor of Social Ethics in School for Missionaries. Cornell Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, University, Ithaca, N. Y. has taken up his duties as Secretary of the Federal Council's Committee on Marriage and the Home.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=~======~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~ The Other Spanish Christ. By John 90.) and deserves a wide read- . Th~ book calls strongly for A. Mackay, Litt. D. Maps and !l- mg. It may well be chosen as the mtellIgent planning for world Ius. 8 vo. 288 pp. 98. net. Student "Religious Book of the Month" evangelization. The author says: Christian Movement Press. London for January. .M~rely to look at the work of one 1932. .

Here is an unusual presenta- The Frontier Peoples of India. Alex- n:IssI~n te~ls us little as to the actual ySvIteuamtIOusnt m the country concerned. tion roefligiSopuasnihsihstorAym, ecrhiacraancs~ a,nder McLeish. 202 pp. Illustra- have a really comprehensive the!r . tIOns. $2. World Dominion Press. Idea of. a;ll the relevant facts. The New York and London. 1931. terIshcs and philosophy. Here world VISIOn of Jesus and the world we make the acquaintance of The mountainous borders of task He. set before His disciples de- India are the dwelling of mill- ions of virile and picturesque mand thIS. ~eople who have been relatively Spaniards and their descend- h.ttle touched by Christian Mis- A. E. HARPER, Moga. SIOns. The unfinished task of ants, who have determined the evangelization is vividly pic- Modern .India. Edited by Sir John Cummmg. 8vo. 304 pp. Oxford political, intellectual and reli- tured. Dr. McLeish, a well- Press. London. 1932. known missionary who for the gious development of Mexico, last twenty-five years has re- sided in and traveled through Central and South America. nearly every part of the area This survey; to which seven- Dr. Mackay has spent some knows the frontier peoples of t~en authors contribute, is re- twenty years as a missionary India. ':Ised f~om the first edition pub- This account of the "regions and teacher in Peru; he has lIshed m 1931. It is a valuable ~raveled and .studied extensively beyond" is a learned and accu- rate survey, yet it is not dull. ~and ~ook in popular style dealmother Latm American coun- Well written descriptions of the geology, the flora and fauna of mg WIth the country and peotries and has a wide and clear the region make the picture of the background of these people ples, the government and army knowledge of these people and both comprehensive and clear. ~ppendix XVII gives sugges- law. and education, culture and their culture. His new approach bons for mission study groups and valuable helps in the form agriculture, r ail way sand to the subject throws a flood of of questions, most of which ap- ply to the peoples of any land. finance, commerce and labor light on Spanish characteristics. The quotation from the words problems. Comparatively little The Iberian soul, as he sees of the Governor of the Panjab, sp~c~ is devoted to caste and it, is made up of intense indi-' concerning the missionary work relIgIOn, two of India's great- of Kashmir, is worth attention: viduality, passion, personal loy- est problems. The Round Table ~bove alI, let me say with all sinalty, low ethical standards and C~t;ty, I thmk that the missionary so- conferences are disposed of in cI~Ies whose field of activity lies in a desire for dominance. These less than a page. HSaurcchouaurtthBourts~ however, as Rev. qualities have shaped South American life and history. In ler and Sir William Barton give the exploitation of the new con- . ~s an understanding of some tinent by Spanish adventurers n.npor~ant factors on the Indian religion was a large wfaacstofr~ubltuyt situabon. They deal with facts their evangelization rather than with partisan views and empty of spiritual results. or arguments. The authors ap- H~arts were not changed; parently know little of Chris- ~momrsdhs~pwweraes onfofet reednltioghrteebnaepd~' tia~. missions in India. Sir PhIlIp Hartog, w r i tin g on hzed Idols. The Indians were "Education," rem ark s that never truly christianized by the "Christian .mission~ were among Spanish and Portuguese. In thI.S country, often experience disap- ~he first pIOneers m EdUcation pomtm~nt that the actual process of fact, the mixed colonists became conversI!>n to Christianity makes a m all. grades and, especially in largely paganized. The zeal of less rapId advance than their support- C?lleglate work, their educa- the Papacy is ever for domi- ers could wish; but I often feel that bonal activities have been alnance. Protestant Christians t~ey ov~rlook the very great contribu- most entirely divorced from tion whIch they make to India in anhave stimulated the quest for a other direction. The presence among proselytizing activities." new and Living Way, enlight-· The chapters in this volume ened thinking and improved so- us of a number of men and women lead!ng a life of devotion and self- are definitely from British of- cial conditions. socnfice, not merely in the cause of ficial point of view. They show arenldigiinont,hbeuptrionvitshieoncaoufsme eodficeadlucasastiiostn~ "The Other Spanish Christ" what has been done for India's is so<?n to appear in America ance, cannot but be of enormous value material and cultural advance- (publIshed by the Macmillan to this country. ment but the moral and spirit- [ 676]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ual conditions and needs of the lick expounded the type of Jews of Barnow," might be repeople are largely overlooked. Christian apologetics that was published. The sketches of Sol- most characteristic of his later omon L. Ginsburg, Isidor Loew- John Thomas Gulick-Evolutionist thinking. It had three main enthal and Bishop Schereschew- and Missionary. By Addison Gul- features-(l) an investigation sky remind us of the great debt ick. Illus. 8vo. 555 pp. $4. Uni- of the main sources of scientific of the Christian Church to Jew- versity of Chicago Press. 1932. judgment; (2) an exposition of ish Christian missionaries. "A the philosophical grounds for Jewish Christian on the Bow- The son, a professor in the his faith in a righteous and ery," and the "Matter of the University of Missouri, has told moral personal deity; and (3) Mission" are worthy of being the story of his father's varied the maintenance, on historical broadcast for they furnish the life with a view to giving an grounds, of the historical suauthentic record of Dr. Gulick's premacy and pragmatic sound- best possible answer to those interesting experiences, his ness of the religious and ethical studies in natural history and message found in the Gospels." who question the worthwhile his thoughts on religion and Other points in the Christian character of Jewish evangelizaphilosophy. His particular tion. hobby was science and during faith-as to the authority of the his life in Hawaii he gave much Under the Southern Cross. By John time to the investigation of the Bible, the deity of Christ, the Christiansen. Maps and illus. 220 shellfish found in those waters. miracles, the atonement and the pp. $1. Published by the Author. He wrote many papers on this resurrection, Dr. Gulick "never Chicago. 1932. subject and his views of evolu- taught these beliefs in his later tion were written for several years" and "treated them all as This history of the developscientific journals between 1856 secondary problems." ment of the mission work, carand 1914. His religious and ried on by the Scandanavian missionary writings were gen- One of the most interesting Alliance since 1906 in Western erally theoretical discussions re- portions of the biography is the Venezuela and Eastern Colomlated to social, philosophical and correspondence between Dr. Gu- bia, is made up largely of the scientific subjects. lick and George J. Romanes of personal experiences of the mis- London. These letters relate to sionaries and natives who have John Thomas Gulick was religion as viewed by two earn- embraced evangelical Christianborn in Hawaii in 1832, of the est men of science. George J. ity. The reader will obtain a famous Gulick missionary stock. Romanes' return to belief in clear idea of the difficulties in- After spending his boyhood God and in Christ, after a pe- volved in pioneer mission work there and his early manhood in riod of rationalistic agnosti- in Latin America and the power America and Micronesia, he cism, is revealed in his of the Gospel to change human went as a missionary of the "Thoughts on Religion." lives. The chapters that relate American Board to China and the beginnings and development later to Japan, dying in Hawaii When Jews Face Christ. Edited by of the work in the "Llanos" at the age of 91. The story of Henry Einspruch. Baltimore, The are especially interesting since his life has much of real inter- Mediator. 188 pp. $1.25. they deal with a section of est and value but for the gen- country that is little known and eral reader it might better have Christian work for Jews is amidst a civilization that is been told in one-half the space. abundantly justified by its rich quite distinctive. It has the ear- fruitage. Though volumes might marks of a genuinely truthful Dr. Gulick maintained his be written concerning Chris- narrative. faith in Christ as the perfect tians from the Jewish race who manifestation of life and mor- have rendered conspicuous serv- W. E. VANDERBILT, Principal als, and believed in the unique ice in the cause of Christ, there "Colegio Americano para Varones" value of the Gospel Message,' are many Gentile Christians but in his later life he departed who have little or no knowl- Barranquilla, Colombia. widely from some "orthodox" edge of their achievements. This Christian views. After he went volume of biographical sketches A Jolly Journal. By Isabel Crawford. to Japan, we read in his biogra- is a real contribution to the Illus. 12mo. 158 pp. $1.50. phy, "His isolation theory (con- cause of Hebrew Christianity. Revell. New York. 1932. cerned with divergent evolu- The editor has made wide selection) . '.' clinched the char- tion of subjects and authors, There is a humorous side to acter of his religious work for and every sketch has literary missionary life if one has keen the rest of his career. Earlier, quality. The element of romance sense to appreciate it. Miss and especially in China, he had adds greatly to their charm. Ed- Crawford, a Baptist missionary been essentially an evangelistic ward Steiner's "My First Com- to the Indians for over forty missionary of the more usual munion," has the delicate touch years, recalls many amusing stamp. . . But he had become of that gifted writer. "The incidents that have come in her transformed into a scientist Nameless Grave," by Karl Emil life in Canada, Dakota, and Okmissionary. . . In conversation Franzos, makes one wish that lahoma. Glimpses of her sucwith Japanese intellectuals, Gu- the author's entire volume, "The cessful missionary work, her courage and self-denial, and her love for the Indians, are also revealed in these anecdotes. Some are amusing and many

are illuminating sidelights on A Handbook for Missionary Workers concur in some of his interprethe hardships and rewards of a Among the American Indians has tations, but they will acknowlmissionary's life. It is a whole- been prepared by Mr. G. E. E. Lind- 'edge the devotional helpfulness some scrap book, furnishing quist, Missionary-at-Large of the of the volume as a whole, and worthwhile recreation for lighter Society for Propagating the Gospel particularly of the section on moments as well as food for Among the Indians. 50 cents. Home St. John's Gospel which opens thought. Missions Council, 105 East 22nd St., to the devout believer the very New York. heart of the Master and to Triumphant Christianity-The Life which "time has given the palm and Work of Lucy Seamen Bain- This will meet an expressed over all the books of the world." bridge, by the Rev. A. H. McKin- need on the part of mission- ney, D. D. 206 pp. $2. Revell. aries and other Christian lead- A.J. B. New York. 1932. ers among the Indians for a manual giving concisely and ac- The Cross-The Way to Glory Mrs. Bainbridge was one of curately such information as the saints of American Chris- Indian backgrounds, racial If thou, impatient, do let slip thy tianity. She devoted a long life characteristics and their signifi- cross, to Christian work in New York, cance, government relationship and to the training of Chris- to the Indian, characterization Thou wilt not find it in this world tian workers. Her friend and and geographical distribution again associate, Dr. McKinney, tells of tribal groups, qualifications the story of her life and work, of the missionary, and organi- Nor in another. Here and here alone with ample knowledge and full zation at work. The book also Is given thee to suffer for God's sake. sympathy. The reading of these contains an up-to-date bibliog- In other worlds we may more perpages should strengthen the raphy. conviction that there has lived fectly in a materialistic age and coun- Word Pictures in the New Testament Love Him and serve Him, praise Him, try one who, while actively la- -The Fourth Gospel and the Epis- Grow nearer and nearer to Him with boring for the welfare of her tle to the Hebrews. By Archibald fellow men, d e r i v e d the Thomas Robertson, D. D., LL. D. delight. strength of her life from the 451 pp. $3.50. Ray Long and Rich- But then we shall not any more indwelling Christ. Like Enoch ard R. Smith. New York. 1932. Be called to suffer, which is our apof old, Mrs. Bainbridge walked with God, and all who came in This will delight the rever- pointment here. contact with her took knowl- ent student of the Bible. The Can'st thou not suffer, then, one hcur edge of her that she had been author is the well known exposwith Jesus. She was a leader in itor, the Professor of New Tes- or two? the religious and philanthropic tament Interpretation in the If He should call thee from thy cross activities of a great city. And Southern Baptist Theological when she passed to her heaven- Seminary of Louisville, Ken- today, ly reward at a good old age, tucky. Thousands of ministers Saying, "It is finished, that hard cross thousands blessed her memory. and other Christian workers have heard him with profit at of thine, A. J. B. summer conferences, and his From which thou prayest for deliver- numerous books have been Scripture Calendars. 18. to 28. 6d. widely read. The present vol- ance." Bible Almanacs. 6d. to 48. each. ume is the fifth in a series of Thinkest thou not some passion of Golden Grain Diaries. Standard and six on "Word Pictures in the Pocket Sizes. 18. to 78. 6d. each. New Testament." His position regret Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow, Edin- is conservative and strongly Would overcome thee? Thou wouldst burgh and London. 1933. evangelical. He accepts the tra- ditional view of the authorship say, A large variety of Scripture of the Fourth Gospel by the "So soon? Let me go back and suffer calendars is offered in very at- aged Apostle John, and he suptractive form suitable for wall ports it by cogent arguments. yet awhile or desk. They contain selected He is not sure of the authorship More patiently. I have not yet Scripture texts for each day on of the Epistle to the Hebrews, separate leaves, accompanied by no one is; but he inclines with praised God." helpful comments by such well- Luther and several other schol- Whensoe'er it comes, that summons known speakers and writers as ars to "guess Apollos as the Spurgeon, Jowett, Morgan, most likely author." After in- that we look for, Pierson, Moule, Hopkins, Moody. troductions in which he dis- It will seem soon, too soon. Let us and others. The almanacs and cusses the general features and diaries contain useful informa- critical questions of the Gospel take heed in time tion, blank pages and daily and Epistle, he takes them up That God may be glorified in us. Scripture readings. Any of them textually by chapter and verse. make useful gifts and compan- "Liberals" probably will not Ugo Bassi (Roman) ions for the year. THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN There <Ire in Americ<l over two thousdnd community, union <lnd fed- erdted churches, most of which have come into being since the world war. Their experiments in community service and in prllcticdl Christi<ln unity lire regdrded liS vitdlly importdnt to the future of the church in America. The Community Churchmlln is II monthly of sixteen pages, with dbunddnt SPdce given to news of churches. It is now in its eleventh yedr dnd is the recognized orgdn of the community church movement.

• ONE YEAR, 51.00 SINGLE COPY, 10 Cents The Community Churchman PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS

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China Today: Economic. J. B. Cond- . The Future of East and West: An The Uncut Nerve of Missions. Cleland liffe. 214 pp. 75 cents and $2.50~ Essay in Surm~ze. Sir Frederick B. McMee. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. World Peace Foundation. Boston. Whyte. 18tl pp. 8s. 6d. Sidgwick New York, 1982. . Out of the Storm in China. William and Jackson, London.. B. Lipphard. 201 pp. $1.50. Jud- Problems of the Pacific, 1931. Edited Gold Cord-'-The Story'of a Fellowship. son Press. Philadelphia. by Bruno Lasker and W. L. HoI- Amy Carmichael. Illus. 876 pp. Christ in New Guinea. Joh. FierI. land. $5. University Press. Chi- 7s. 6d. Society fo.r Promoting Chris- Illus. Map. 208 pp. 75 cents. or cago. tian Knowledge. London, 1982. 2s. 6d. New Guinea Haus, Tanunda, Indigenous Ideals in Practice. Evan- gelistic Policy and Work in the The Red Man's Trail. Wm. B. Mor- S. Australia. rison. 182 pp. 50 cents. Presby- The Caste System of Northern India: Siaochang Field in North China. terian Committee of Publications. With Special Reference to the W. F. Rowlands. 48 pp. Is. World Richmond, Va. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Dominion Press. London. E. A. H. Blunt. 874 pp. 15s. Ox- Gateways of Hope: Being Glimpses Year Book of American Churches. ford University Press. London. of the Work of the Mission to Herman C. Weber. Federal Council Lepers. Illus. Maps. 81 pp. Is. of Churches. New York. Purdah: The Status of Indian Women. Mission to Lepers. London. Freda Hauswirth (Mrs. Sararigad- The Indigenous Church in Peru. John Young's Dictionary of Bible Words har Das). 299 pp. lOs. 6d. Kegan Ritchie. 89 pp. 6d. World Domin- and Synonyms. Robert Young. 156 Paul. London. ion Press. London. pp. 88. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Gospel and the African. The Daughters of Africa. G. A. Gollock. Croall Lectures for 1930-81 on the Abundant Grace. W. P. Mackay. 284 Illus. Map. 175 pp. 2s. 6d. and Impact of the Gospel on a Central pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- 8s. 6d. Longmans. London. African People. Alexander Hether- don. . wick. 176 pp. $1.75. Scribner. Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe. New York. His Mother's Book. Evelyn Everett- Audrey I. Richards. 289 pp. lOs. 6d. Routledge. London. Green. 190· pp. Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. Notes on the History of the Tumbuka- The Cross and Indian Thought. V. Kamanga Peoples in the Northern Chakkarai. 292 pp. Re. 1.4. Chris- Elsie's Sacrifice. Norah C. Usher. 60 Province of Nyasaland. T. Cullen tian Literature Society. Madras. pp. 9s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Young. Map. 192 pp. 6s. Reli- Jeshua-A Story of the Life of Christ. don. gious Tract Society. London. A, V. Pohlman. 826 pp. $2.50. Consolation. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. The Jew Through the Centuries. Her- Moyer and Lotter. Philadelphia. 867 pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary :r bert L. Willett..422 pp. $8. Wil- Father McShane of Maryknoll-Mis- Society. Los Angeles. lett, Clark. Chicago. sioner in South China. ames Ed- Religions in Various Cultures. Horace Asiatic Asia. S. K. Datta. 194 pp. ward Walsh. 227 pp. $1.00. Dial . L. Friess and Herbert W. Schneider. 7s.6d. Faber and Faber.. London. Press. New York. 586 pp. $5. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1932

1932

A New Day in Old Persia Wm. N. Wysham Attempting the Impossible in Japan William Axling Leaves from an Oriental Diary Mary E. Moore Today in the New Hebrides Fred Bowie At Herrnhut–Two Centuries After Samuel M. Zwemer

time . .. to Dates to Remember been prominent in the section of poli-

tics relating to physical, moral and JAPAN • CHINA September 17-20-Bi-Annual Conven- mental development of women and tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, children. and MANILA Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. *** Just 10 days to Yokohama! 4 September 28, 29-Committee of Refmore to Shanghai! If you take erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- Gen. Chang Chin-Kiang has become Empress of Asia or Empress of sions Conference, New York, N. Y. a life member of the American Bible Russia, largest and fastest liners Society, the first Chinese to be placed on the Dire"t Express route ••• October I-Young People's Congress, on that roll. One of his chaplains straight across from Vancouver. Woman's Missionary Society, United gives this testimony: Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. If you want to go via Honolulu "In all these years I have never and still do it in record time ..• October 11-16-International Conven- known a single day when my chief then go on Empress ofJapan (the tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- did not find time for studying his Bi- Pacific's largest, fastest liner) or dianapolis, Ind. ble. Always, whether in camp or on on the huge, swift Empress of those long marches across Mongolia, Canada. Yokohama in only 13 October 12-22-Convention of the he gave his devotional life this daily days .•. including a Honolulu United L u the ran Church in food. Always there was pitched the visit! San Francisco and Los America, Philadelphia, Pa. prayer tent or, if we were housed in Angeles sailings connect with a temple, I have known him to lead these "Empresses" at Honolulu. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting his troops in worship in the courtyard of the Society of Friends, Richmond, before a gallery of idols. He believes On all "Empresses," a sumptu- Indiana. in searching the Scriptures." ous First Class … an unusually spacious, comfortable, well-ser- October 19 and 20-New York City. * ** viced Tourist Class. And the cost The annual meeting of The Ameris correspondingly lower! ican Mission to Lepers. Speakers Dr. iUOert Schweitzer of Africa, re- will include Dr. Sam Higginbottom, cently visited England and received All .. Empress" sailings from of India, and Dr. W. C. Terrill, of an honorary D. D. at Oxford. The Vancouver (trains direct to ship- Africa. A program of the meet- public orator of the university deside) and Victoria. Fares include ing can be 0 btained from The clared him to be eminent alike in passage from Seattle. American Mission to Lepers, 156 theology, philosophy, music and medi- Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. cine. Dr. Schweitzer plans to return Fastest by Direc-t Express to Africa at the end of the year. October 23-25-Biennial Convention, Empress of Russia •.• Sept. 10, Nov.,S Woman's Mis s ion a r y Society, *** Empress of Asia ……. Oct. 8, Dec. 3 United Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. The Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Calverley Fastest via Honolulu of the Arabian Mission of the Re- November 10-12-World Alliance for formed Church in America, identified Empress ofJapan … Sept. 24, Nov. 19 International Friendship through with both medical and evangelistic Empress of Canada … Oct. 22, Dec. 17 the Churches, New York. work in Kuwait, have recently re- signed as missionaries and Dr. Cal- Information, reservations, from November 25-28-Africa Conference, verley has been made a professor in your own agent, or Canadian Pa- Hartford, Conn. the Hartford School of Missions. cific offices in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Montreal, and November 29-December 2-Interde- *** 31 other cities in U.S.and Canada. nominational Conference on the City and the Church in the Present Dr. O. R. Avison, President of Se- CANADIAN Crisis, Chicago, Ill. verance Union Medical School, Seoul, Korea; also President of Chosen PACIFIC Personal Items Christian College, has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan with "The • Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Principal of Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Allahabad Agricultural Institute, is in Class." America on furlough. Recent action has consolidated the Institute 'with *** Ewing Christian College. Dr. Caleb Frank Gates, of Robert *** College, and Arabic scholar, and a leading member of the American com- The Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler, munity in Istanbul, left Turkey on from 1916 to 1921 a missionary in June 20th, after fifty-one years of China of the Presbyterian Church, U. arduous service. S. A., and for the past ten years an associate secretary of the Board in In 1881 he arrived at Mardin where charge of West Africa and Latin he spent thirteen years as a mission- American fields, has recently resigned ary of the American Board. He went this latter position to return to China to Harput College until 1902, going as a missionary, with his wife and through the Armenian massacre three sons. Mr. Wheeler was former- when he was compelled to abandon ly located in Hangchow, Chekiang, for his house. Dr. Gates became presi- three years and now is to join the dent of Robert College in 1903 and staff of Nanking University to teach made it the most important seat of English and to make evangelistic con- learning in Turkey. tacts with the students. Dr. John A. Mackay, formerly of South America, *** will take up Mr. Wheeler's work on the Board. Dr. Robert R. Moton has been awarded the 1931 Spingarn Medal. *** This is an annual award given by the National Association for the Ad'l1ance- Dr. Daw Saw Sa, of Rangoon, grad- ment of Colored People to the Negro uate of Judson College, has been made who makes the greatest contribution a member of the Rangoon Corpora- to the race during the year. tion, the first Burmese woman to sit on a legislative council. She has long *** The Rev. Arthur E. Harper of Moga, India, has received the degree of Doctor of Education from the Col- lege of Colorado. Dr. and Mrs.Harp- er are just completing their furlough year, during which they have visited many churches in the homeland.

"THE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW

GREATEST CHALLENGE TO NON-CHRISTIANS" THE WORLD IS WHAT GANDHI SAID DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor OF THE WORK OF THE MISSION TO LEPERS Vol. LV HEPT~;MBER, 1932 Xo. J Church groups and other organizations will ——-~——- find liThe New Day of Hope For Lepersll an FRONTISPIECE – THE OLD AND THE NEW IN attractive topic for discussion. THE NEW HEBRIDES September is the time for planning the season's program. Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES .. 467 you including the work for lepers in your meeting plans? Deductions from Deficits AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Spiritual Awakenings in China A Forward Program in Korea 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 1118M, New York Communism in Chile Pledse send d sdmpie set of literdture, including Progrdm for Leper Mission- A Moral Revolt in Brazil dry Meeting, PldYs, Stories, Tdlks, etc. Siam Turns Over a New Leaf NAME ………………………..• ·············•·•···· …..•…..•…..•…… ADDRESS …………………………………………………………….. . A NEW DAY IN OLD CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE .•………….•.•…• PERSIA …………… 471 SOCIETY OR CHURCH ………………………………………………… .. Wm. N. Wysham of Teheran Editorial Chat Among the valuable articles prom- ATTEMPTING THE IM- ised for this number of the REVIEW POSSIBLE IN JAPAN .. 475 DO NOT MISS THIS ON ANY are the following: William Axling of Tokyo ACCOUNT! COME WITH ME TO CHINA LEAVES FROM AN ORI- THE OCTOBER NUMBER will be o. E. Goddard ENTAL DIARy …….. 477 largely devoted to China-a most im- Mary E. Moore of New York portant subject and the Foreign Mis- CHRISTIANS IN THE CHINESE sion study topic for the coming year. CRISIS A KOREAN AT PRAYER. 479 Walter C. Erdman of Pyengyang *** By Frank Rawlinson of Shangha! TODAY IN THE NEW WHAT OTHERS THINK SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HEBRIDES ………… 481 CHINESE Fred Bowie of Tangoa "The REVIEW is getting better all the time. The March and April num- Kenneth S. Latourette AT HERRNHUT-TWO bers are wonderful!" OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES CENTURIES AFTER… 485 THOMAS WEIR, Salt Lake City, Utah. IN CHINA Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton *** 'Vm. H. Gieysteen of Peiping HOW THE CHINESE WORSHIP ERASMO BRAGA OF "The REVIEW is more suggestive James L. Stewart of Chengtu BRAZIL …………… 491 and valuable than ever before. I prize WHAT CHINESE ARE DOING W. Reginald Wheeler of Nanking it for its information and helpfulness for myself and for missionary gather- FOR CHINA EFFECTIVE WAY S OF ings." Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai WORKING ………… 495 ELIZABETH P. WHITING, Wilbraham, RECENT PROGRESS IN CHINA Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai Mass. TESTIMONIES OF CHINESE WOMEN'S HOME MIS- SION BULLETIN…… 499 CHRISTIANS Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz P. c. Hsu and others OUR WORLD OUTLOOK. 501 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF …….•……. 511 Puhlication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Puhlished monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. r. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PrIfusON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUlS SAlIUEL M. ZWEMER

HEATHEN WOMEN OF ESPIRITU SANTO. NEW HEBRIDES

A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES THE OLD AND THE NEW IN THE NEW HEBRIDES (See page 481) REVIE ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times DEDUCTIONS FROM DEFICITS the work. The crisis leads us to look to God more American, British and European missionary intently for wisdom and supplies: Larger insocieties are sharing in the experience of drastic comes have at times led to unnecessary and uncuts that have become necessary on account of wise expenditures for elaborate equipment and mounting deficits. The boards, as a rule, have la:ge executive salaries which are out of keeping faced the situation courageously. The Presbyte- WIth the spirit of sacrificial missionary work. rian Church of Scotland reported a deficit of $125,- The amount given by the churches to missions 000 on the Foreign Mission budget. Rather than has never been adequate to meet the requireundertake to abridge the work the missionaries ments of the work at home and abroad but there requested a salary cut, but effort will be made to has been wide difference of opinion as to how the avoid this by "Christianizing" congregations money may be expended most wisely. Now miswhich give little or nothing to evangelize the sion boards are obliged to retrench in one or more of the following ways: (1) to cut executive salworld. aries at home from 10% to 331/3%; (2) to re- In America the Presbyterian Board of National duce missionary salaries from 5% to 25%; (3) to Missions has cut executive salaries from 10% to reduce budgets for new buildings, native workers 25%, has reduced the staff and has reorganized institutions and advance work on the field; (4)' the five divisions and nine departments of the to cut budgets for promotion and other items at Board into two departments-one of "Missionary home; (5) to place larger responsibility for self- Operation" and the other "Missionary Support." support on the churches in the field; (6) to re- They have cut their total budget $466,000 below duce the number of missionaries and native worklast year. All but $80,000 of this cut will fall on ers; (7) to decrease or omit appropriations for the field. It will be difficult to prevent a great and union and cooperative work at home and abroad. vital loss to the spiritual side of the work under this new adjustment. Some of these retrenchments have been drastic and will bring real suffering to individuals and The Methodist Episcopal Christian Advocate loss to the work-at least temporarily. It will asks "Must we throw the missionaries to the be difficult, but it may be a blessing for high salwolves?" Their small salaries are being cut 25% aried executives to adjust their living more nearly for the next four months and 50 % for appropria- to a missionary basis. A part of the salary re- tions for their native workers. Salaries of execu- duction is met by reduced cost of living at home tives at home. are reduced from 10% to 30%, on and by favorable exchange abroad. Some mistop of a prevIOUS 10% cut. The Board's income sionary institutions have been conducted on a has fallen 37% ($341,288) for the first seven scale too much above the standards of the people months of the year and there is already a debt of that they serve, though far below the standards $630,000. Will the great Methodist Church rise at home. The reduction in home office expense to meet the need or will a further cut be neces- may arouse the Church to undertake larger volunsary? teer service. It would be a blessing if less execu- Most o~ the other denominational boards and tive effort were required to awaken sleeping passome independent missions face a similar situa- tors and congregations to respond to need. It will tion but are facing it courageously -not running be of great advantage if churches on the field are away from it. . led to self-support and self-government. Much In some respects this need to revise budgets will be learned if mission boards will deterrnine downward may not mean disaster or detriment to to avoid accumulating debts.

[467 ]

But the tragedy of the cuts is experienced 1arge number were saved, and many were revived where missionaries have children to educate, and empowered for service. The villagers came where trained native Christian workers are re- running to ask, 'What's the matter, is this a fuleased and have no other means of support, and neral ?' where greatly needed evangelistic and medical work must be closed, withdrawing the efforts to "'Yes,' said the leader, 'we are burying folks relieve a suffering and sin burdened people who who have been dead in sin for many years.' were just beginning to appreciate the offer of life from Christ. There is enough money, there are "What happened in this church is taking place enough workers, there are sufficient supplies in in other Pingtu churches too. God is pouring out the Church at home; there is abundant truth and His Spirit; souls are being born again and others life in Christ to supply every need. Will God's quickened. Yesterday an evangelist came from stewards who have been entrusted with material the East to tell us of a wonderful awakening in and spiritual wealth fail to share their blessings one of our struggling churches." with others in dire need? It would be well to establish an "In-as-much Fund" in the churches at M. Gardner Tewksbury, of the Presbyterian home and in other lands. Mission,. who does evangelistic work among stu- dents, conducted a very successful series of meet- SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN CHINA ings in Weihsien. "Through personal interviews and two classes a day, all hearts were touched. Rays of light shine through the gloom in Asia The revival is spreading all over Shantung provto brighten the disturbing darkness and distress. ince, and has brought new life to the Christian There are many evidences of spiritual awakenings Church such as has never been before." The blessin the midst of economic and political depression. ing is not confined to the Chinese alone, but India, Burma, Siam, Korea, Japan, China and extends to missionaries. Persia all report new signs of spiritual life and keener interest in Christ and His Gospel. From The Rev. C. L. Culpepper, of Hwanghsien, Shantung, China, Dr. T. B. Ray, secretary of the Shantung, gives another picture of the revival Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- now in progress in that section of the great Retion, reports that for months there has been going public. He says: forward a Christian awakening in which many have been genuinely converted. The movement is "Wonderful things have been happening during growing in power among American Baptists and these past few months. I have never heard such other denominations. earnest prayer for God to reveal to each and every one his sins from the President of China on down A Southern Baptist missionary, the Rev. W. B. to the very humblest beggar. Our people seem to Glass of Hwanghsien, writes as follows: have forgotten everything else but making things right with God. Literally hundreds of people had "There has never been so much deep, genuine been saved in the villages. Prayer meetings are spiritual interest in the churches as now. This held every morning and night and the church is not true of all the people in any of the churches, building will not hold them, so they meet both in but it is undoubtedly true of more than ever be- the church and school buildings. It would take fore. your breath to see how they are going everywhere preaching the Gospel. You keep thinking of the "I had a fear that it was going to develop into Acts of the Apostles. a 'wild fire' movement, accompanied by excesses, but it has been gratifying to note a deep spiritual "What has happened at Pingtu has happened yearning, and the willingness to go anywhere, or at- almost everyone of our stations. Tsining has pay any price to satisfy that longing. Rich bless- had a wonderful revival. Tsinan has had one ' ings have been received by churches on the Ping- continuous revival and fifty or more students tu field. have been saved in the Shantung Christian Uni- versity. Many have been baptized. "In Hwanghsien about ninety people are preparing for baptism and there is a class of instruc- "A great sweeping revival began in Laiyang tion at the city church for all outside the schools. and spread to Laichow. Early morning prayer The parents of some are so bitterly opposed- that meeting would run to nine or ten o'clock and then it is impossible for them to be baptized. The we would have a recess and the meeting would go spirit of revival continues and people everywhere until nine or ten at night, with an hour of rest iJ). seem anxious to hear. We have a new church, the afternoon. No one was preaching or leading, <: full of the Holy Spirit and are rejoicing in but the Holy Spirit. Heavenly fellowship." "It seems that the Lord is going to fill our Mrs. Grace Boyd Sears, Of Pingtu, writes: school full to over-flowing with God-called preach- "Last week God's Holy Spi~it came in power, a ers. Pray that God wiII keep us humble and usable. The field is so great and the multiplied

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

millions all around us do not know. Only the Lord COMMUNISM IN CHILE Himself can save China now." Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia, A FORWARD PROGRAM IN KOREA Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Cuba and Nicaragua The Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of have all been in political turmoil during the past Korea are not satisfied with having each individ- few months. The picture of Europe and Asia on ual congregation work only for the people of its the verge of disaster from war, war debts and own~district, but year by year plan a nation-wide economic and social unrest has apparently had campaign to make the whole nation Gospel little restraining influences on the Latin Ameri- can mind. Chile has had several almost bloodless conscio.us, even if not wholly Christian. Last year the Presbyterian movement began revolutions in quick succession. The government with th:ree days of consecration meetings in every has changed hands many times and is now in conone of the 22 presbyteries. All salaried workers trol of the socialists. The people are weary of the in the district, and as many others as could come, dominance of landed proprietors and of military gathered for daylight prayer meetings each day, dictatorship. and other meetings at 10 A. M., 3 P. M. and in the The most astonishing revolution occurred on evening. Missionaries write of wonderful bless- June 4th when a self-appointed "Messiah" seized ing. The leaders scattered to their churches and control of the government. While President Monrepeated the three days in everyone of the 2,600 tero and his cabinet were quietly working they churches of the country where they could arrange were surprised and overpowered by a detachment it. Revivals began all over the country and nearly of the garrison, headed by officers under Colonel every church has had at least one period a week Marmaduke Grove, Minister of War. He exwith grea~ numbers of. Christians revived and plained his revolt by declaring that the entire Renew converts brought in. Churches are now public considered its president wholly incompecrowded, and new ones are being built every- tent and that a Revolutionary committee would where.. In Pyengyang 1,500 women gathered in a take charge of the affairs of the nation in order great Bible class in March, and 1,000 men in J an- to make it a socialistic republic. A missionary writes: uary. This program has included an effort to get every "The Revolutionary committee outlined its 'prochurch attendant to read through the New Testa- gram of reform and published extensive maniment. A large calendar was printed bearing the festoes. Col. Grove gave an address in which the Scripture references for each day so that all might most arresting passage made his hearers gasp in read the same verses the same day. Fifty thou- astonishment. He said: sand of those calendars are in use this year and When we shall have realized the golden dream of Simon 50,000 families reading the New Testament Bolivar everyone will be compelled to admit that we were through. The Korea Mission Field reports: not actuated by motives of personal gain. Two thousand years before our time, Jesus Christ adopted our ideas, "This year the campaign begins with six promising better living conditions to those whom fortune Wednesday prayer meetings and a brief course in had disinherited. This better life was to be enjoyed in personal soul winning. Before Christmas a small another world. We, more humane and diligent than Jesus booklet of the Life of Christ will be distributed. Christ, offer to the proletariat a better life in this world.

Christians will be asked to take these and give "Within the succeeding four days another se- one each to every non-Christian friend in their cret conspiracy was framed among the regiments villages. The booklet gives in Bible language the in Santiago and on June 16th the presidential pal- essentials of Christ's activities and His Gospel. ace was surrounded by tanks and machine-gun Four hundred thousand are already provided for batteries and the messianic career of Col. Grove and it is hoped that there will be at least a million came to a dramatic end.

'published. Each presbytery is now raising money "Despite the fate of the bold atheist who spon- to supplement the fund. After Christmas, when sored the revolt, the socialist movement seems fatmers are more free, hundreds of preaching firmly embedded in public opinion. Chile is fol- bands of three or four each (men or women) will lowing the lead of Spain and Mexico into state will be organized and go from house to house to socialism. Unfortunately, she has not the pre- preach. A new feature of their work be an pared leadership but she is ready to take the risks effort to sell Gospels to all those who received the involved in the trial and error method."

little booklet free, but the effort for decisions for Between 1810 and 1925, Chile was governed by Christ will be the main thing, and the mission- an oligarchy of wealthy land-owners and distin- aries hope for a great ingathering. The plan is gUished lawyers. In 1925 President Alessandri to try to touch every house in the remotest village was elected' by the middle classes who had grad- with some of the million booklets." ually achieved political aggressiveness. The adop-

tion of a number of laws favored the working The American Methodist Church is also strong classes. He was followed by the military dictator, and growing.

General Ibanez who mortgaged the patrimony of But unfortunately some of the evil influences his people and left them in "misery, anarchy and that are undermining the nation come from North the shadow of death." Then followed the world America and Europe in the form of atheism, and crisis, the collapse of nitrate and copper as ex- immoral literature and films. The Brazilian Bap- ports, general bankruptcy and unemployment. tist Convention recently passed strong resolu- More than a hundred thousand bread-winners tions calling on President Hoover and the Ameri- were suddenly bereft of their means of livelihood. can Congress to take steps to stop the flow of de- Dr. J. H. McLean, a Presbyterian missionary grading motion pictures from North America.

in Santiago, writes: ,The resolution says in part: "The elemental hunger of mankind is two-fold. WHEREAS, criminal and immoral pictures give a dis- Men clamor for brotherhood quite as insistently torted conception of American life that result in prejuas they do for bread but they will never find it dice and anti-American sentiment, hurtful ~o this great until they turn Godward through Christ and His Republic, therefore be it resolved, that we petition the Gospel. The frenzied mobs have tried to burn Government of the United States to forbid the exportadown several metropolitan temples because they tion of such harmful pictures to this country. have imagined that the organized church was allied with their enemies. The best sentiment in Turkey, Japan, China and other non-Christian lands has shown the same "No violence has been offered to evangelical reaction toward these degrading films-many of Christian churches, schools or dispensaries. Every which are exhibited in America without arousing pastor and congregation is endeavoring to feed serious and widespread protest.

the hungry, clothe the naked, succour the unfMtu- SIAM TURNS OVER A NEW LEAF nate and care for the sick. Our work is conducted under distressing circumstances yet it has ac- Soon nothing of the old regime will be left in quired a new sanctity since it grapples with pain, Asia. Only a few years ago all who approached poverty and anguish of soul. The divine mission the King and Queen of Siam were obliged to do of our Messiah is that of binding up the broken- so on hands and knees or with the peculiar crouch- hearted and proclaiming the year of jubilee. ing stride that betokens inferiority. The monarch "A moderate socialist government would bring was reverenced almost as a god. On June 24 of relief to many victims of neglect but the present this year the only remaining absolute monarchy effort is false in motive and weak in moral pur- in Asia was suddenly overthrown, King Prajadhi- pose. The constraining love of Christ is not the pok and his queen were made prisoners and a con- popular urge in those who repudiate His claims stitutional monarchy was set up. The King, abso- and reject His aid. So the evangelical churches lute ruler over 11,500,000 people, who was edu- in Chile redouble their efforts. Multitudes who cated in England and had recently returned from ought to turn to Christ have gone off after com- America, accepted the new regime and was re- munism. Occasional volcanic eruptions remind tained as a constitutional monarch. The "rule of us that there is no absolute stability save in Him the princes" has been eliminated and there will who is the same yesterday, today and forever be an earnest effort to .lighten the tax burdens of more. We cannot do our full share of His com- the people, giving them a voice'in the government.

mission without the partnership of intercessors; King Prajadhipok, who is thirty-nine years of surely the Church at home will pray for Chile." age and came to the throne in 1926, is the seventh A,MORAL REVOLT IN BRAZIL ruler of the Chakri dynasty which has been in power for 150 years. He is a Buddhist and is Revolutions have also gripped the largest re- known as an enlightened scholar, interested in the public in Latin America, where the revolutionary welfare of his people and sympathetic with the and federal forces are still striving for mastery. philanthropic work of Christian missions. He or- There is more hope for progress from the moral ganized Siamese Boy Scouts and has promoted revolt led by evangeliealChristians against ig- public health, education and athletics.

norance, vice and other degrading influences that Evangelical missionary work in Siam is almost are sapping the life of the nation. Many of the wholly in the hands of the American Presbyterian best influences come from North America through Church which has thirty American missionaries, the missionaries, teachers and Bible distribution. located in 10 stations, and a church membership The Presbyterian Church is strong, independent of over 9,000. Many Siamese officials have testi- and self-supporting; the American Baptist work fied as to the influence of Christianity in advanc- has just celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and ing educatioJ). and in promoting the general en- has.n9w nearly 500 churches and 45,000 members. lightenment of the Siamese.

A NeV Day In Old

..:( By the Rev. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

PERHAPS no country in the world has ing matter, and, with their natural courtesy and changed so much in the last decade as has quickness of intellect, marvelously receptive of Persia. She has exchanged a worn-out old moral and spiritual truth as well as the best of dynasty for a new one, a spineless absentee king western science and material achievement.

for an energetic giant who constantly visits the Persia holds out a hospitable hand to Christi- far corners of his kingdom, helpless subservience anity along with all the other influences which to Russia and England for a proud independence are molding her future. Christian thought, Chris- characterized by the most up-to-date nationalism. tion education and Christian literature have an Camel and donkey caravans open door in that land today.

have given way to American These changes have had an trucks and touring cars, two- Tcohme e movirearcolene ooff tchheamngoest haans- amazing effect on the power foot trails have been replaced cient civilizations in the world. and influence of Islam in Per- This was influence1 by the by a network of roads to every sia. The Persians have been corner of the land, not yet as nearly 100 % Moslem for cen- smooth as American highways fanatical Moslems who have turies but theirs has been the but passable for motor trans- long fought against Christian Shiah division of Islam, al- port at good speeds; wide ave- teaching. Mr. Wysham tells ways different from the "or- nues have been driven straight the fascinating story of this thodox" Sunni branch, and . through all important cities change of mind which is also abounding in mysticism and where formerly there was a bringing about a change of in heresies of every conceiv- maze of twisting alleyways; heart. The story can not yet able type. Withal, the Persian Teheran, the capital, has been be fully told, but while some genius and temperament have largely rebuilt; a new army, are losing all religious faith, produced a large proportion of well equipped, has been created other Persians are coming to the greatest names in Moslem by the soldier Shah; bandits see in Christ the satisfaction history, and the sheer fanati- have gone out of business; new of their greatest needs. cism manifested annually at industries have been encour- the time of the so-called pas- aged. sion play in Moharram, the By royal command the costume of men has been month of mourning for Shiah martyrs, has per- completely changed and women have been permit- haps surpassed anything in the Moslem world.

ted to abandon the veil, more of them every day Until the last decade this fanaticism seemed un- all blossoming out in western costume. A new sys- abated, and Shiah religious leaders commanded tem of schools emphasizing science has driven out the absolute and unquestioning obedience of the centuries old drill in Arabic and dead sys- Persian Moslems, former Shahs making it a rule tems of thought. Thousands of men and boys to defer to them and to pay their respects to the have learned to read and even girls are now hav- great rnujtaheeds at their headquarters at Qom.

ing opportunities of education. The percentage The inrush of new ideas and influences ·from of literacy has mounted rapidly; ther~ is a re- the west in the last ten years has completely un- markable new freedom of thought and speech and dermined the Moslem stronghold in Persia. The a new interest in Persia's glorious history, litera- government, nominally Moslem, has become secu…

ture and art. lar in policy and, though it has deferred to reli- These changes have brought about a rocking gious leaders in some minor points, has never to the very foundations of the moral and religious hesitated to oppose them decidedly when the attitudes of the people. Many moral safeguards, progress of the Persian people seemed to be at such as they were, have been swept away, age-old stake. Thus, in instituting dress reforms, the gov- superstitions have vanished, and educated people ernment compelled all except a specified number have no longer any Tespect for old religious au- of rnollahs and rnujtaheeds, who had to pass a thority. As a whole the Persian people are eager special examination in theology, to adopt western for new ideas, ravenous for any up-to-date read- dress. Many of the legal powers were taken [471 ]

from those who remained and were turned over docile and blind followers of the mollahs, because to the governmental Ministry of Justice. These of their ignorance and superstition, have caught changes alone have enormously reduced the power a new spirit as a result of recent changes. One of the Moslem leaders; their prestige also suf- Persian traveler who knows the myriad villages fered severely when, in spite of their vigorous of his country intimately has told me that the opposition and outraged protests, tacit permis- universal donning of the Pahlevi hat has brought sion was given by the government for Moslem about a remarkable open-mindedness and toler- women to remove their veils and when far-reach- ance among men in the most remote rural dis- ing reforms in the marriage and divorce laws tricts. Since he now wears the same type of hat were introduced. as anyone else, including the King himself, the The apparent inability of the mollahs to rally Persian peasant feels that he has become a man any public opinion in their favor or to set on foot and he is eager for new ideas. The new roads any reaction to these changes shows how rapidly and quicker transport have made the country and completely the decay of Islam in Persia has smaller and unified. Such changes weaken fanat- progressed. The mollahs have become a laughing- icism, and the mollahs have been unable to arouse stock among intelligent Persians, who seem gen- any excitement. over what a decade ago would, erally to have abandoned the study of the Koran, have been considered unpardonable insults to the the daily prayers, the fast of Ramazan and the old religion.

great pilgrimages to Kerbela and Meshed. The A personal experience should make this vividly opinion is freely expressed that the legalistic ob- clear. As I entered Persia in the spring of 1921, servances of Islam are hopelessly out of date for I remember passing caravans carrying empty the new Persia and, while many educated Per- wooden coffins back to Kurdish villages, where sians call themselves Moslems, their adherence is wood was scarce. These were used again and purely nominal, and they are usually ready to con- again to transport the bodies of faithful Moslems demn the religious leaders as entirely reactionary more than a thousand miles to be buried in the and a menace to Persia's progress. holy ground around the sacred shrine at Meshed.

The New Nationalism For centuries, at the cost of much sacrifice and hardship, thousands of such departed pilgrims This same effect on the attitude of thinking from every nook and corner of Persia have found Persians as to Islam is brought about by the new their resting-place in the venerated shrine ceme- nationalism. They are proud of their new Shah's tery. In 1929 I stood outside the great shrine and energy and leadership and of the great 'efforts for watched Persian Moslem workmen shovel thou- progress which the national leaders have made. sands of the bones of the faithful out of the. way They are quick to criticise if they feel that ad- as they dug foundations for a new boulevard bi- vance steps are made too slowly. Everyone talks secting the city and replacing the narrow, crooked of the need of Persia to renew her glorious alleys of the past. The ancient cemetery was achievements of the past, and the Arabs are completely wrecked and yet, not only was there blamed for many of the ills of the country because no riot in formerly fanatical Meshed, but I never of their conquest of Persia in the seventh century. heard of a serious protest anywhere at this dese- One hears repeatedly that the Arabs burned the cration of one of Persian Islam's historic sacred ancient libraries of Persia, destroyed her monu- places.

ments and ruined her irrigation systems. Efforts When such things are possible in Persia, one are being made to reduce the number of Arabic cannot get away from the feeling that one is wit- words in the Persian language and to substitute nessing the collapse of one of the greatest and Latin characters for the Arabic, as has been done proudest of the world's religions.

in Turkey. The Persian nationalists believe that The Religious Changes the Arabs tried to superimpose an inferior cul- ture of the desert upon Persia's superior one and This astounding change in the religious situa- that, in so far as they succeeded, their influence tion in Persia opens up a long prayed-for oppor- was entirely harmful. Of course, Islam was all tunity for the Gospel of Jesus Christ; it also the "Arab culture" there was and, while the Per- means an opportunity for communism and of sian nationalist may not as yet openly say so, in this it is well to speak briefly first. Russia is the his heart he doubtless feels that' the religion of most easily accessible neighbor to Persia and Mohammed was the most far-reaching of all the there is naturally much intercourse of a commer- Arab influences which he is today so eager to con- cial and other nature. Ever since the War a large demn. number of White Russians have made their homes Even the peasants and other members of the in Persia, but in the past five years an influx of lower classes, who have been for centuries the Bolshevists has also occurred. These communists'

A NEW DAY IN OLD PERSIA

have been very zealous in propagating their ideas hopeless fanaticism and intolerance into the conand have scattered their literature all over the fidence and cordiality with which the messenger country, especially in the northern provinces. It of Christ is received nearly everywhere in Peris hard to say how much real success they have sia today. "Love melts what the hammer cannot had in winning over individuals in Persia to com- break."* munism, because Persians naturally fear the political menace of the colossus to the north and The waning of fanaticism showed itself first their whole history and background seem entirely in the increase of Moslem patients in the hospiout of harmony with communism's basic ideas. tals and pupils in the schools, until for many In short, Persians do not desire to become com- years the large majority in most of our institumunists, but the Russian preaching of atheism tions have been Moslems. Then here and there and the doctrine that "religion is an opiate of the brave souls dared to accept openly the Gospel mespeople" are dreadful pitfalls spread in the way sage, but for years the tiny churches passed of Persians today who are giving up their historic through great tribulation, not only of persecution allegiance to Islam and, sadly disillusioned, feel but of heart-sickening experiences with renegade themselves swept into the full current of modern Moslems who sought baptism for ulterior motives. life without any of their former moral and reli- It is only in the most recent years that little gious safeguards. bands of tried men and women in various centers have by their transformed lives scotched forever The final answer as to what progress. commu- that age-old lie that "a Moslem can never become nism will make in Persia depends upon Christi- a sincere Christian." With the greater freedom anity. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is for every and tolerance of the last decade, the stream of nation, but it seems peculiarly suited to this an- sincere inquirers has rapidly grown larger until cient people who, with racial background so simi- in one city in.1931 more Moslems confessed Christ lar to our own, have all the keenness of intellect, than in all the sixty years of missionary endeavor strength of imagination and artistic temperament there. The hospitals, and especially the schools, needed to flower out into a wonderful new era have not only held their prestige but have proved of their history if they have full access to the most effective centers of evangelistic effort, and a truth and beauty of the Gospel. Truly the soul most promising amount of Christian leadership of the Persian seems to be naturally Christian. for the new church of Persia is developing all over This was amply demonstrated by the rapid prog- the land. In addition, open evangelistic work of ress and heroic deeds of the church in Persia dur- a non-controversial nature is now possible, and ing the first six centuries of our era, and that last year a series of evangelistic meetings were would surely have been an outstanding church held in several cities wit./,Lamazing interest and today, had it not become a martyr church when results. In these meetings it proved wisest to the blight of Islam struck Persia. Ours is the ignore Islam entirely and to appeal to Persians responsibility to see to it that in this new day of as hungry souls weary of sin and ready to know freedom Christ is fully known there again, lest and accept a divine Saviour. atheism and crass materialism bring a deadlier blight in their wake. New Literature for Persia Fortunately the forces of the Gospel have for A clear illustration of the new receptiveness of decades been building up a prestige which com- the Persian people and their interest in the Gosmunism can never hope to overtake. It has been pel is found in the enormous increase in the disalmost a century since the first modern mission- tribution of Christian literature, particularly in aries began their work in Urumia and, although the past five years. A committee representing for many decades they seemed to make no impres- the two great missions at work in Persia has presion whatever on the wall of Islam, they were pared, in an attractive form, nearly a hundred succeeding far better than they dreamed. It is new titles of books and tracts, and these have only now that those of us at work in Persia ap- gone out to every nook and corner of Persia. They preciate the great achievements of our predeces- have been written to meet the needs of old~fash­ sors from America and England of bygone dec- ioned Moslems, of wandering souls without any ades. At a time when it was dangerous to life faith, and of Christians new and old, and they to speak a good word openly for Jesus Christ, are finding an eager perusal in a land where thouit was their Christian character, shining like sands of men and women have but recently bebeacons amid the darkness of Moslem morality, come literate. In 1931 more than a million pages their homes of beauty and peace bearing silent testimony to the power of the Lord Jesus, their • As I write this in the homeland, the cablegram comes of the sacrificial service in hospital and school, which decease of Rev. J. W. Hawkes of Hamada-n, after nearly fifty-two year after year gradually changed an apparently years of missionary service in Persia. He had personal recollections of the first missionaries to Persia, and one could thus picture in him the whole century of nlissionary work. all but the last decade or two seemingly without fruit among Moslems.

of this Christian literature was distributed and along with former Jews, Zoroastrians and Bahais, it is not only proving potent in bringing about mingle in full fellowship with Armenian and a new understanding of the Gospel and a willing- Assyrian Christians. The Persian church is an ness to receive it, but it is a blessing to the new eloquent testimony to the power of Christ to cast church and an ideal antidote to communism and out age-long racial and religious animosities.

all thepoiso~ of secularism in Persia today. Moslem converts are rapidly growing to outnum- Now that the natural courtesy and hospitality ber all others in these churches, and more than of the Persian temperament have been freed from one church is entirely composed of former Mos- the bondage of fanaticism by the new influences, lems. Therefore the great problem of providing there are many examples of the increasing esteem a home for Moslem converts within the church, in which Christianity is being held. Here again so acute in other Moslem lands where sporadic the faithful work of the earlier missionaries is converts are often ill at ease among those who bearing fruit. Slowly our religion has lived down have a Christian ancestry, has already been solved the evil reputation which it had gained through in the Persian church by the nature of the church the twisted ideas of Christianity found in the itself. Much of the leadership is also already in Koran and in Moslem traditions, and through the the hands of former Moslems, and as one takes lack of contact which Persian Moslems have had stock of the quality of the average congregation with true Christianity in the past. The consist- and notes the high level of intelligence and lead- ent lives of an increasing number of Moslem con- ership ability, especially among the young men, verts has greatly strengthened the examples of one has little fear for the self-support and self- the missionaries themselves. One of the earliest government of the Persian church. This was converts of all, once a fanatical Kurd, has for a strikingly evident in the all-Persia church confer- generation been a respected physician in Teheran, ence at Teheran in the summer of 1931, at which known far and wide as a consecrated Christian more than 200 delegates from 19 churches, a ma- eager to win others to Christ. Moslem women jority of whom were former Moslems, met for a have long formed 'his largest group of patients. week of inspiration and of planning the church's In many Persian cities former Moslem men and future. The" addresses and resolutions of the con- women have openly confessed Christ for years ference were characterized by a,deep devotion to and have gained the full confidence of Moslem a full-rounded Christianity and an appreciation friends by their integrity and thoroughly Chris- of the church's duty to bring all Persia to Christ.

tian point of view. Among Moslems, generally in The church in Persia, so new and so free from the more progressive cities, it has already become historic impediments to churches in other lands, a matter of slight comment when Moslems are has a unique opportunity to profit from mistakes baptized, and this new tolerance will eventually elsewhere and to blaze fresh trails' of Christian spread over the whole country. progress. "The missionary situation is ideal, with Some months ago the son of one of the leading the American Presbyterians and the Church Mis- mujtaheeds of Persia was converted while a stu- sionary Society of Englanrl the only two large dent in a mission institution. When friends missions at work. They Qlvide the field and work rushed to the father with the news, he amazed with each other and with two or three small socie- them by replying: ties in the utmost harmony and cooperation. The "What of it? Isn't Christianity a good reli- Persian Christians themselves are determined gion? I chose my religion and shall always re- that there shall be but one church in Persia, and main a Moslem. But this is the twentieth century are completely one in spirit now though content and my son is free to make his own choice." to leave the exact form of the organization of the Such an attitude is of course as yet exceptional, church until its fuller development. In the mean- but the trend of opinion is plain and the new tol- time, missionaries are endeavoring to avoid creat- erance and spirit of fairness are certain to be of ing all possible future obstacles to this great aim.

incalculable benefit to the progress of the Gospel There is now interchange of membership among in Persia-and to Persia herself. all the churches and a federation of the churches The New Church in Persia in certain general standards and in the beginnings of "home mission" work. Plans are under way Under such favorable conditions in the new for a form of joint ordination of the young men Persia, missionaries have recently made great who will compose the future ministry of the strides toward reaching the ultimate goal of all church, and it is hoped that a theological depart- successful mission work-the estd>lishing of the ment to be connected with the American College Church of Christ in that land. In many of the of Teheran can train candidates for ordination important cities of the land Christian churches for all Persia. Constant efforts are being maCe now flourish and III them converted Moslems, to let Persian Christians themselves govern their

ATTEMPTING THE IMPOSSIBLE IN JAPAN

own congregations as rapidly as they can do so, land some day, and church history may well charand unceasing stress is being laid on the ultimate acterize the present movement in Persia as the responsibility of each Persian Christian to be an beginning of the final victory of Christianity over evangelist to his own people and to the whole Mos- the one rival which has seemed until now to be lem world. Since the history of the spread of in- as impervious to the loving service of missionanumerable heretical sects of Islam marks the Per- ries as to the battering-rams of crusaders. Howsians as born propagandists, there is real hope ever that may be, the present triumph of the that with the "Good News" at last available for Gospel in what has been one of the most difficult them to pass on, they will reach this great ideal of all mission fields should give encouragement of every truly successful Christian church. and new hope to many troubled souls who have felt that Christianity has been failing to gain in If the church in Persia continues to fulfill its recent years, and brings vivid testimony from present rich promise, its influence On the whole still another quarter of the world to the truth of Moslem world should be immense. Already the a recent statement by a Chinese Christian college great cracks in the apparently impregnable Mos- president that "there is for the modern world only lem wall which have appeared in Persia are an one religion-Christianity." earnest of what is sure to occur in every Moslem Att.empting the Impossible In Japan I By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D. D., I "~I I Tokyo, Japan The Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle and the Fukayawa Christian L Center; author of the "Life of Kagawa"

T HE Christian forces engaged in the King- worn itself down' into a groove. In the face of dom of God Campaign in Japan have at- all this, the Christian forces in ninety cities and tempted to rally every Christian and every prefectures united in organizing District Commit- Church behind a united nation-wide movement tees for the purpose of planning and conducting and to create a spiritual solidarity among the campaigns. These committees have formed a net- Christian forces of the Empire. This is some- work of evangelistic units across the empire and thing new, not only in this land but in any land. most of them have conducted advance movements in their own localities. This is an effort to give the Message of Christ to every group and every class-30,000,000 farm- Complete statistics are not available but reports ers; 5,278,000 induStl'I-!1 and factory workers; indicate that during twelve months 1,278 meet- 597,000 fishing folk; 459,000 miners; 1,033,000 ings were held in 248 cities and towns; 712 employees in transportation services and the 1,- churches participated in these meetings ; the total 158,000 toilers engaged on public works. These attendance was 262,344, and 13,837 signed cards classes and masses have been left practically un- as inquirers. touched during the past seventy years of mission work in Japan. This Movement has also set out The Kingdom of God Weekly has leaped from to humanize and christianize the social and indus- an ardent hope, born in the heart and brain of trial order and make the Christ's Way of Life the Dr. Kagawa, to a weekly circulation of 30,000 standard in every relationship. This has never copies. At the rate of 1,600,000 copies a year been done in any land and which a large section everywhere it is hailed as one of the most effecof the Church of the West has never recognized tive evangelistic forces that has ever been released as a vital part of its program. in this Empire. A cl~rk in a Yokohama firm, out of his meagre salary, ordered 200 copies every The hope is to raise the number of Christians in week and distributed them among his fellow- Japan from 250,000 to a million, not in order to clerks and friends. Judge Mitsui, of the Tokyo glory in numerical strength but that a creative Juvenile Court, uses 70 copies a week among the force may fix the ideals and set the pace in every juvenile delinquents whom he is trying to lead out phase of the nation's life. into a new lifE!: The Reinanzaka Church, Tokyo, sells 200 copies every week among its members Nothing runs its roots down so deep as religious in order to give them a full-orbed vision of the nrejudice; nothing is harder to overcome than de- Kingdom task.. Other churches are doing the nominational isolation, especially when it has

same. The story of the growth of this paper is a Christian, insisted that they wanted a religious one of the romances connected with this move- message and the more Christian the better. At ment. the close of the message the local pastor asked that decision cards be distributed, and while he The campaign is making large use of three of made a ringing plea for decisions a good number Dr. Kagawa's books which are aflame with the of the audience signed cards as inquirers. evangelistic message: "New Life Through God," "Meditations About God" and "God and the Gos- The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, pel of Divine Love." The country is being sown closing with an appeal for decisions, in a governwith these silent but potent messengers which find ment primary school is something which never an entrance where no evangelist's or Christian's could have happened anywhere in Japan a few voice could be raised. years ago. It shows the turn of the anti-religious tide which has been running with such tremen- Five small books have been especially prepared dous force during the past fifty years among the for use in follow-up work with inquirers. More intellectuals and educational leaders of the emand more we are coming to realize that it is not only inexcusable neglect but a crime before God pire. to lead a hungry heart to take an initial stand Later, the writer was asked to help in a camfor Christ and fail to feed the flame of faith that has been kindled. paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never during almost thirty years in Japan have I This campaign has made its influence felt far seen so many laboring men in a Christian church, beyond Christian circles. After Kagawa spoke in wearing their working garb marked with the em- Osaka, the Osaka Mainichi, an influential daily, blem of their trade. At the close, one-fifth of invited him to hold a series of Christian meetings those present responded to the invitation and under its auspices, promising to put its circula- signed cards as inquirers. In the other church tion of a million copies back of the meetings for the building was packed with young people from publicity purposes. a neighboring factory.

Not long ago the Chugai Nippo, an outstanding Communism threatens to capture some of the Buddhist daily paper in Kyoto, related to the best minds and the finest spirits among the stu- Shinshu sect of Buddhism, came out in a ringing dents and to entrench itself in industrial centres editorial saying that the Kingdom of God Cam- and among the peasants, but it is doing so largely paign was one of the best movements ever because the Christian Chnrch has failed to think launched in Japan. and speak and work in terms of the problems of our day. If the Christian Church will arouse it- Of special significance is the fact that last Oc- self and face the challenge it still has a chance to tober, in one of Kagawa's meetings in Kyoto, win out in this fierce fight for the soul of Japan. Nishida Tenko, a well known Buddhist priest signed a card indicating his purpose to accept the The Kingdom of God Campaign is no one-man Christian faith. During the past ten years Mr. campaign, but is a movement of the Christian Nishida, as a Japanese St. Francis, has attracted forces of the nation. Kagawa is its outstanding the attention of the whole nation. He himself has figure. He conducted a special effort in three of lived a life of poverty and has espoused the cause Japan's northern cities in which 1,800 people of the poor. He has organized a Mutual Help signed inquirer'S cards. Order, the members of which live a communal life. The doors of this Order are open to any- A Mass Conference for Laymen and Laywomone who is in trouble or in need, either spiritual en, held under the auspices of the Kingdom of or physical. The members of the Order agree to God Campaign at Nara, was the second in the render any kind of service at any time and in series of conferences which the movement put on any place, even of the most menial type and with- in different parts of the empire in order to mobilout any stipUlated remuneration. ize the laity and train them for aggressive and effective participation in the campaign. Communism is making tremendous inroads in student centres, as well as in the industrial areas The first conference, held in Tokyo for Central and among the peasant class. The doors, however, and Eastern Japan, was attended by a total of are not closed to the Christian message. The over 1,000 delegates representing every city and writer participated in a campaign in a rural town province within the area which this gathering where the local committee arranged to hold the tried to serve. The interest manifested, the conmeetings in the auditorium of the public primary tagious spiritual atmosphere which characterized school. When I expressed concern as to whether every session, the fine fellowship which marked my message, in which I expected to major on the the meetings and the high purpose to' carryon, evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a which was expressed in every period given to displace I was told that the principal, although not cussion and prayer, caused this conference to stand out as one of unusual significance.

from an Oriental

..:( By MARY E. MOORE, New York Secretary of Young People's Work. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

Tokyo, August 25, 1931 were much impressed with the large Sunday T ODAY I had a long talk with Gladys Walser. school in the West Gate Church where they It is hot and not particularly comfortable, have over 2,000 … We revelled in the dazzling but Mrs. Walser is waiting for the arrival whiteness of the Korean garb-probably due of Lindbergh, so heat is forgotten. She was tell- to much beating from little wooden ironing clubs ing me of her particular hobbies which are "cook- … We heard rumors of war from Manchuria.

ing" and "peace." . Drove down town and saw war posters every- "The one thing my mother taught me to do was where.

cook," said Mrs. Walser. "When Later~n the China Sea my sister and I graduated from college we were given a cook We returned to Seoul and took book, the entire charge of the a boat from Chemulpo to Chefoo.

kitchen and told to proceed." It was a Chinese boat, the Litung, Down in the Terajima district, and had six hundred Chinese on a most needy section of Tokyo board, fleeing from Korea due to where 39,000 people gave their persecution resulting from land lives in a fire during the time of troubles between Chinese and the great earthquake, a House of Koreans in Manchuria.

Hope (Kobokan) has been start- Peiping, China, October 7, 1931 ed. The women make hooked rugs and do other work. Mrs. Mrs. Leynse took us for a visit Walser has cooking classes to to three Christian homes. It is teach the Japanese women to use part of the work she loves to do- cheaper cereal and spinach in- this visiting! We visited the stead of so much polished rice and home of a very wealthy Chinese pickle. lady. There were many court- Princess Shirakawa has become yards as a part of her six hun- interested in these classes and dred room house, and off of one asked to have one started for the of the most beautiful inner gar- women of noble rank. Such a dens we were shown into a re- class now meets in her own home. ception room w her e tea was The members give liberally to A MISSIONARY AND KOREAN HOSiJ'- served and we talked about her help raise the budget of 600 yen ESS BESIDE SOME PICKLE JARS family. I shall never forget the for the Social Center. little rock garden and the thou- The Women's Peace Society of Japan, under the sands of gold fish. As we took our leave, two presidency of Michi Kawai, is an active organiza- little round boys wrapped in many layers of tion. Formerly the work of good will cultivation jackets, for it was a cold day, came in from school consisted largely in caring for tourists, but at the with their amah. When they saw us they drew suggestion of Mrs. Walser, peace literature and back in dismay, but were finally prevailed upon pageants have been introduced in the schools, es- to come forward and greet us. With boys like pecially at Christmas time. that growing up under a wise Christian mother, Pyengyang, Korea, September 22, 1931 China has hopes. Our second horne was that of a Chinese bead Louise Hayes drove us around to visit most of merchant-simple but clean, with its reception the seventeen churches in this great city. We room, stiff chairs and table and tea equipment.

[477 ]

A refugee son from Manchuria had just arrived General Chang Tse Kiang, head of the Bandit and there was much excitement, but we were Suppression of Kiangsu Province, has been using greeted with all friendliness. his influence to urge Chinese Christians to pray that their own sins of selfishness, lack of conse- It was to the miserable abode of a riksha man cration in individual living, indifference to govwe went last. An untidy little girl with a bright ernmental matters, be removed. "When China smile, opened the gate and invited us to come in. prays to have her own sins removed there will Except for the courtyard there was only one in- be no need to fear Japan for the answer is with closure with a brick k'ang and some iron kettles, ourselves," says he. a few farm implements, a broken riksha-to make this "home." Some dried weeds and a few stray These are almost the exact words of the sticks of wood had been gathered thriftily and Manchurian banker who shared the second step were waiting the evening time when the family of the car with Sam Dean on one of his trips would assemble, warm their hands at the meager down from Mukden last· falL Both men were blaze while it also cooked the sweet potatoes or strapped on by leather belts to prevent their millet. Afterwards, all would retire to the brick falling off should sleep o'ertake them. Speaking k'ang and go to sleep in preparation for another of Mr. Dean-no mention of Peiping is complete weary day. A miserable dog emphasized anew without mentioning his unique service as OrIgI- nator of the School of Practical Engi- neering and Architecture. The evan- gelistic work carried on by his students in the villages near Peiping is worth a visit to China just to see and experience.

Shanghai, October 24, 1931 Mrs. Millican and I went to see Mrs.

Lee today. She is the wife of a wealthy Chinese broker. It was a bit awesome to pass the Sikh guards at the gate and enter the park-like inclosure. The house is set in a colorful background of green shrubs and gay flowers. For her hobby, Mrs. Lee conducts a kindergarten in her home. The children were practicing TECHNICAL CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR CHINESE MEN-ENGINEERING for Christmas-rugs were up and on that highly polished floor activities for me the wretched existence of that animaL were taking place which would produce nervous (One does not talk of dogs and their habits in collapse in an American housewife. Mrs. Lee sees· polite society in the Orient.) For all the lack of her home only as a place for service. What if cheer in the home surroundings, there was no scratches do appear and furniture gets battered- warmth lacking in the hospitality of our little children are to be considered first. She loves Chinese hostess. every minute of the time the children are there!

Nanking, China, October 20,1931 We also met Miss Li Gwan Fang. Miss Fang is editor of The Woman's Messenger Three fascinating experiences today! A visit which has at present a circulation of 2,000 and to the tomb of Sun Yat Sen on Purple Mountain. sells for $1.20 (Mexican) a year. (Divide by four There were many steps but a perfect view of the to estimate price in American dollars at present awful flood area. rate of exchange.) The aim of the magazine is to At five o'clock we went off to be guests of give the Chinese mother in the home a broader Madame Kung, whose husband is Minister of In- outlook and a greater skill in performing home dustries. The occasion was a special prayer meet- duties. Some features have been series of aring, called at the request of General Chiang Kai ticles on "Women of the World" and their Shek and Madame Chiang. The latter was there place in international life; home problems; in person and looked every bit the First Lady of translated stories such as "Ramona," "Hans Brinker," and "The Secret Garden." Miss Fang the Land. is writing a book on "Famous Women of China" Throughout China the Christians are meeting to pray earnestly for the future of their country. I could not understand a word, but I never "felt" and has also published a pageant, "Mothers of such prayers in my life. the World."

A KOREAN AT PRAYER

Canton, China, November 1, 1931 That evening Miss Florence Lei told me of the Young People's Conference held in Soochow in Oc- Such a busy day! Here is a strong Christian tober. The young people had said that some of young people's organization. We had hardly made the present weaknesses of the church were exour first talks when we were asked how young and tremes in preaching, conservatism, too little worold can cooperate in the church. ship, too much preaching, lack of social life, no tOeal message in sermons and poor organization of "The older people think we don't know anything material; leaders were too self-important, not and can't take responsibility," said one young keeping up to modern times. (There-nothing man. "How can we prove that we do and can?" wrong-except- ?) The young people are chiefly interested in communism, science and material We discussed this same question later at an- things, but the solution as worked out at Soochow other conference. One older man pled with the was to be found in a paid Young People's Secreleaders to use the same skill and patience in inter- tary, a fund to use for work with youth, a retreat esting the young people in the church that they of leaders to plan an immediate, tentative pro-· do in fishing. "You don't throw stones into the gram to help take care of the most glaring laeks. water," said he, "when you want to catch fish." "Most of all," said Miss Lei, "we felt the need It sounded familiar to hear Mrs. Kwang talk of advisors with religious experiences to guide us, about raising money. "I don't ask for money. I not older people to scold." ask for a chair, a picture, or a brick, and I get them."

A Korean at Prayer By the REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, Germantown, Pa.

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Korea A YOUNG man was sitting cross-legged on a glade, neither aroused his curiosity nor disturbed .I"l.. flat-topped boulder, his hands upon his his concentration. He made no movement to ob- serve us, though it must have been startling to knees, immovable in meditation. He have a group of foreigners, barbarians from bemight have been a "White Buddha" on its pedes- yond the Great Peace Ocean, in strange outlandtal. He did not glance at passers-by and his un- ish attire, suddenly break into the sunny silence seeing gaze was not disturbed by the brightness of that secluded hollow far up among the hills. of the noonday sun. The more ambitious of the climbers went on The ashes of a dying fire were just below his to the summit of the peak. Some remained to feet. On another boulder near at hand were a rest and eat a noon-day luncheon on the edge of brass bowl and spoon and in a bag a few handfuls the cliff beyond the spring and to await the of rice. A dozen yards away in a hollow place others'return. A deep valley wound away among at his right an ice-cold spring bubbled out among the mountain ridges below. Behind us rose steep the roots of a hazel clump and slipped away in the mountain slopes covered with thickets of scrub bamboo grass. On a slightly higher rock behind oaks and beeches with clumps of azalea and him was a small white china bowl filled with clear patches of bamboo grass between the copses. water from the spring and a few grains of cooked From time to time we glanced across at the asrice were scattered over the surface of the rock. cetic. An hour passed. He made no movement. He must have seen us but he made no sign. The The young man was worshipping an "unknown sun was hot but he sought no refreshing shade. god," the spirit of the mountain. The rock was He seemed far away in some other world of his altar. The limpid spring water and the rice thought. grains were his offerings. His ascetic fare and his self-discipline were. his devotions. He was Finally I went and sat beside him on the waiting. ~ .. boulder. He eyed me calmly and dispassionately but waited for me to speak. I confess to a curi- Our mountain climbing party of missionaries, suddenly emerging from the thicket across the

osity far greater than his own. With proper form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who came into and polite phrase I introduced myself, speaking the world that men might learn about God and go his language and following his country's custom. to Him in prayer 1 Gravely apd with no show of irritation he returned the salutation. His name was So-and-so Truly he had never been caused to hear such from Such a village. Was I honorably in peace? words as these. What was the meaning of them 1 I was at peace. Was he willing to be inter~ Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came into rupted in his meditations and to talk to a man- the world to save men from their sins. He is our nerless foreigner'? go-between with God. The Orient's great teacher Confucius is reported to have said, "If a man sins Certainly; he had no other work in hand. before God there is no place in his life for Had he been sitting there long in this manner 1 prayer," but our sacred writings have a more Long? No, assuredly not. Only three days helpful word for sinners. In our Book it is hopeand nights. fully written, "If any man sin we have a go-be- tween in the presence of God the Father, even Nights? Surely he. does not pass the nights Jesus Christ the Sinless One." You can pray to there in the cold without shelter or covering? God even now if you will. Close your eyes to shut out the sight of the world around you and repeat Yes, it was cold but he did not mind it particu- this prayer after me …" larly. It is warm in the daytime.. o God who created all things, our Father, open my But what about the tigers? They prowled continually in these wild ravines. There were bears dark mind that I may understand thy truth. Help me to in the thickets and wild boars in abundance. The understand that Jesus Christ is my Saviour from the guilt signs were all about us. Was he not afraid? and power of sin. Help me to trust Him now and forever. Not particularly. The tigers did not seem to molest him. The wild boars grunted and passed Free me from all fear of evil spirits and save me for Thyby. self. I ask in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Was he fasting? ' Not entirely. Twice a day To our amazement, sentence by sentence, he rehe cooked a handful of rice from the bag and drank water from the spring. But the food sup- peated the prayer. ply was getting low. He could only remain another night and day and then go home, even so, "I ask in the name of Jesus Christ …" Cleartraveling hungry. ly and carefully the words fell from his lips. Might one gently enquire the meaning of this long vigil through freezing nights and burning Strange, was it not? A young man who, until noons? that moment, had never heard the name of Christ, He was praying. To wbat spirit? willing to repeat a form of prayer suggested by He did not know. The mountain spirit, perhaps. Tiger, or an unknown stranger of a different race? dragon or horse, he was not certain which. Certainly the spirit of the place. The water on the It was time to go down the trail again. We rock and the rice grains were for the spirit of the place. could not stay for a longer talk. One final ques- What earnest desire led him to this rigorous form of devotion'? tion and we would go. Would he like some leaflets No particular desire. He wished to please the spirits. which would tell him more about God? Were they good or evil? He would but he could not read. He did not know. They might give blessing. Certainly they could bring disaster if neglected. "Take them anyway," we said. "Ask someone How did he pray? in your village to read them aloud and then read- He had no method. He tried to keep his mind er and hearer both can learn the truth. Is it not as free from thought as possible. He had heard from Buddhist monks that this was true religion. a good plan ?"

Would he like to know how to pray, truly? "It is well." Surely he would. But where' could one find a teacher. "Do not forget your prayer. Perhaps God sent Had he ever heard of the great God who made the earth and the sky and the mountains, the clear us to meet you here to teach you how to ·pray. water for man's drink and rice for his food; or Remain in peace."

"Even so. Go in peace."

We turned and left him on the boulder, com- mending him in our heart, to the Greater Spirit of the place. He remained through that night, but two days later woodsmen who had passed that way said that the young man had gone. .

Millions in the world seem indifferent to God.

Amateur atheists in America and virulent Reds in other lands may bitterly oppose Him because His Word is a condemnation of the life they wish to lead, but here and there in the world are lonely, seeking hearts. Shall we carry to them the mes- sage of God through Jesus Christ?

In the New-

Hebrides By the REV. FRED BOWIE Tangoa, Santo, New Hebrides ):..

Missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church T HESE islands are too isolated, and too far CONTRAST-HEATHEN CHIEF AND SON OF A CHRISTIAN separated, and each missionary is too con- PASTOR fined to his own particular field to make it possible to give any general or detailed view of his people nearer Tangoa to a more easily de- fended place, and built a new village. the situation in the group. If the field were a like area of continuous land, In the southern islands the pig was an impor- tant article of property and of food. In the north the difficulty would be much less. No doubt the it was much more than this; by killing pigs in missionaries would be in more intimate touch ceremonial a man determined his rank in this with each other, and at centres other than their world and also in the world to come. Only on speown they would have some personal acquaintance cial occasions like the killing of pigs did the peowith existing conditions of which they know only pIe of various districts come together. Every man possessed a rifle of some kind, but for the by hearsay. time no firearms were to be carried, and there Long stretches of sea separate most of the was general peace.

islands, and, for most part, differences of lan- Even then acts of treachery were sometimes guage separated even more effectively. This lat- perpetrated. In our earliest days in a mountain ter feature applied not only as between island and village there was to be a pig-killing. Crowds of island, but also as between district and district people came to take part in the feasting and of the same island, and in our early days meant dancing. Among them, relying upon the recoghostility between the tribes. With us in Santo- nized rule, was a man who, having killed one of Tierra del Espiritu Santo-the normal condition the people of the village, had been able to evade was one of war, and every man was on one side various attempts upon his life. At the "singof the fight. sing" none of the villagers took any notice of him.

As an example of the language barrier, here at Tangoa, South Santo, about the middle of the coast, and for several miles inland, for "good" we say "ruchu"; farther inland it is "nam"; three miles west and inland it is "otomi"; eight or ten miles west again it is ('meretach"; inland from that and farther west and north the word is "vure'a"; a dozen miles up the west coast it is "woto." This was all in our district. Beyond, and in the north, and in the east, are other words, at least four that I know.

Thirty-five years ago we never heard of a man of another part passing along our beach. A little before our arrival some who ventured were fired upon and one was killed. Immediately after, sure of reprisal, the man who shot the other took [481 ]

A man of another place struck up acquaintance miration for him. All were sure that they would ·with him, and by degrees spent a good deal of time see another order of things, and all three did. in his company. On the last night of the feast, while the beating of drums and dancing were pro- We had already seen something of what had ceeding, this man, Vokeipau, entered the house been done elsewhere. The day before we reached where the enemy, still somewhat suspicious and Tanna we had been at Futuna, and had seen some avoiding the dancing ground, was seated alone. of Dr. Gunn's Christian people. Two days earlier, With seeming carelessness carrying an axe, the on a Sunday afternoon, we had made our first handle in one hand and the head in the other, he landing in the New Hebrides at Aneityum, at Dr. approached, saying, "This is the axe which I told Geddie's old station. To all of us newcomers it you Kele brought from Noumea." With a sudden was a moving sight to see the people, clean and movement he swung the axe and sank it in the decently clad, coming to church, and to hear them man's shoulder. For his effort Vokeipau received sing their hymns to the familiar tunes in use in our own homes. In the prayers of the elders who a pig. took part in the service there was an earnestness There were only slight contacts and it was and a fervor that impressed us; it was something that we could all understand, although not even therefore difficult to carry the Gospel to t4e peo- Dr. Paton knew any of their language. Here was ple. On the main island no local man would go encouragement: what had been accomplished by with us beyond a very limited area. We overcame grace in the hearts and lives of the Aneityumese this by inducing inland men and boys to come to would yet be witnessed among the Tannese and work for us, and by using some of them as guides. among those to whom the others of us were to go. Most of us had to prepare our own translations of Scriptures and of hymns. Now anyone may After we left Tanna, our next stopping-place go anywhere in safety. was Dr. Paton's own island, Aniwa. When his conv.erts met us at the beach, welcoming Dr. More than thirty-five years ago seven young Paton back, and as he and they conducted us all missionaries went out to the new Hebrides to- to the old house, to the church, to the well, and gether, with Dr. John G. Paton as a fellow pas- as we considered what had been done there as at senger. He came especially to see his son Frank Aneityum, once more making the situation over settled as a missionary on the west side of Tanna. against Tanna as a bright light over against in- tense darkness, again we had fresh cheer, and fur- At that time only Aneityum and Aniwa were ther assurance that all things were possible. Witclaimed to be entirely Christian, but considerable ness to this was added at Efate, at Nguna, at advance had been made in Eromanga, also in Tangoa, and in less degree at Epi and beyond. Efate and in the islands of which Nguna and Mr. Smaill of Epi was visiting Paama, but there Tangoa were the centres; Epi too had bright only a beginning had been made. spots. Tanna was particularly difficult. Now after thirty-five years today all the islands On our fourth and fifth days in the islands we from the south northwards, including Paama, are visited the scenes of the heartbreaking experi- accounted Christian. The Condominium Governences of Turner and Nisbet, of Dr. Paton himself, ment recognizes this, for it has made provision in of Matheson, Johnston, Neilson, Watt, and Gray. these islands for the administration of a native We saw the Tannese as all had seen them from the code of laws by native courts; in the islands to time when Captain Cook visited Port Resolution. the north of Paama as yet there is no law-so Our guide was Mr. Watt, whose headquarters at that even an offense like the murder of :it native that time were at the Port, and who then was the by a native is not punishable by law. only missionary in Tanna. We had heard Dr. Paton talk of the Tannese as naked, painted In Tanna such progress has been made that savages. Some were painted, and they were all while thirty-one years ago Mr. Macmillan bapnearly naked, but none of us thought them at all tized his first eight converts, in his report last grim and repulsive. year he set out that at the last celebration of the Lord's Supper between six and seven hundred Fifty-four years had passed since Turner and members took part. For various reasons these Nisbet had lived on Tanna. For nearly thirty were ohly a part of the Christians. On the oppoyears Mr. Watt had been holding on. Although site side of the island there is now a new misin 1881 he had baptized fifteen converts, it was sionary doctor with his wife. said that at the time of our arrival, in 1896, there was not on the island one baptized Tannese. Yet The position at Vila, the capital of the group, is he did not talk like a man without hope, but rather also worthy of note. There are the greatest numas a live sane man of deep faith, sure of the power bers of whites, British and French. Before the of the Gospel, delighted and encouraged at the eyes of the natives there is endless drinking, gamadvent of Dr. Paton's son, and of Mr. Macmillan bling and other evils. Natives of many islands to take Mr. Gray's place. We were filled with ad-

TODAY IN THE NEW HEBRIDES

are taken there as crews for boats and ships, and ary had retired; another had to give up Ollac- as workers about houses and stores, wharves count of ill-health; a son of Dr. Paton, thirty-six and plantations. It is said that such as wish years in Malekula, for over a year has been out may get any amount of alcohol almost under the with a poisoned foot which has had to be ampu- very eyes of the authorities. Still, for the most tated. The one missionary left has been on fur- part, the local people seem to be uncontami- lough, and is returning. A young couple also is nated, and to some of us it never ceases to be coming. In the meantime several teacher-evan- ope of the wonders of the Gospel in the islands to gelists have been carrying on, and no one fears see them kept so unspotted in spite of the bound- that the work is going to pieces; all recognize that less temptations to which they are subjected. these workers, cast upon their own resources and In those days Ambrim had two established centres of work. It has had its special cross to bear. Besides other losses, in the twinkling of an eye at Christmas in 1913, its principal station with its splendidly equipped an d most useful general hospital was blown sky-high when the whole valley went up in a volcanic eruption. A lesser, but also a destructive, erup- tion has occurred since. The Gospel is manifesting its power in many places today.

In the large island of Malekula there were four mIsSIOnaries. Soon aft e r there was a fifth. All these extended their influence in all directions. As in all the A CHURCH IN TANGOA. NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS northern islands, in Maleku- la much still remains of the old heathen life. On depending upon their Lord, will be all the strong- the first day of this year I went to Malekula with er for the experience, and many of their people some time-expired students. One of the teachers as well. .

told me about shooting that had occurred in the What is said of Malekula holds also of Santo north. A heathen chief had been planting and Malo. The three islands in the northeast, bananas. As he stood upright, holding a banana Pentecost, Oba, and Maewo, are outside our rec- stock with both hands, and with his feet pushed ognized field, and long ago were occupied by the the ground in around the base, two rifle shots rang Melanesian (Church of England) Mission, and out. A bullet went through both arms, and more recently by the Church of Christ as wen.

another through both thighs. His assailants fled. Thirty-five years ago in this the widest part of The wounded man's friends carried him home. Santo there was only one church and school, situ- Seemingly no attention was paid to the wounds, ated on a little island off the coast. About sev- so that they became a horrible mess, and the chief enty miles distant in the northwest there was begged his friends to strangle him. This two of another church. That year another central sta- them did with a vine. A grave was dug, and tion was opened in Big Bay in the north; the fol- when we (Were there his body had lain for three· lowing year another was established fifty-five weeks uncovered. It was not to be covered till his miles away on the east coast. Now there are death should be avenged. Christian communities all around the island.

At that time on Santo we had had a similar There have been several inland communities also, case, except that the unburied man was supposed but in most instances after a time they have de- to have been killed by witchcraft. To some extent liberately migrated shorewards. Where the peo- the strength of the present position in ·Malekuht, ple have been able to settle on heights inland they may be gauged by this that for several months re- have done well, but where, as at various places cently in the island there have been no Christian on the west coast, they have come down to the workers except people of their own. One mission- beaches, the result has been disastrous. No per- 484 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September suasion could stop them. Blackwater fever is it curious that there should be those who cannot; common on all that coast. who fearlessly handle a lizard or even a snake; who, unafraid now of spirits finding means of ac- There are in the islands, or definitely assured cess to their houses, break out the extra windows and in sight, twelve or thirteen missionaries. At so as to have more fresh air; who without hesipne time we had twenty-six. The motor launch, tation burn the cutH,:..gs of their hair, and who replacing the old sailing boat, has played quite a do many other like things that their fathers or part in the change. In the early days nothing was tf~ 11' grandfathers would not have dared to do. certain in regard to a journey to a distance to Many are sterling fellows, earnest, dependable, leeward. With a good engine in a good hull one keen to acquire knowledge, particularly of the can now make definite plans, and can depend upon Bible, and in the days to come ought to do good overseeing a much wider field than with sails and work. oars. If there were more of Christ in the hearts of For the past thirty-six years the various mis- the whites in the islands, much more would have sionaries (Presbyterian) representing Canadian, been done, and much more might be done by the Scottish, Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zea- people themselves. Fortunately many of the Britland churches, and the J. G. Paton Fund, all work ish would not willingly do anything to create even together as if we were from one church. We a wrong impression, but there are islands and dishave been sending men, single or married, with tricts where the influence of outsiders is anything their wives to this place to be trained as teach- but helpful. Some have no shadow of regard for ers. Dr. Annand, of the Canadian Church, of morality. However, there is a likelihood that whose death we have just heard, established it. much that during the past years has been winked at by the administrators will be stopped. The There is no limit to the obligation under which government helps us to this extent, that it allows all of us have been to our native fellow-workers, us to import books free of duty. Nowadays the to scores who have had no special training. They islanders discriminate between outsider and outhave been alive and full of desire to see their fel- sider, and form definite opinions of each. More lows won for Christ. Others, during their four and more they· are ready to shoulder, and are years here, have been taught something of many shouldering, the burden of the work. They are things, but chiefly the great truths of the Gospel. our hope for the future. In spite of every oppo- The book VI hich we use for spelling, for reading, sition, perhaps in part on account of this, the for dictation, for transcription, for composition, Gospel has triumphed, and gradually is winning for practically everything, is the English Bible. its way through all the islands. This is necessary on account of the multiplicity of tongues. –,.:—- On our roll of Christians at present are fifty- A PRAYER FOR HELP':' one men and seven women, wives of seven of the men. The women have their own classes and in- Dear crucified Lord, in the shadow of Thy Cross struction in various kinds of work. These work- may we receive that moral strength, that divine ers come from as far south as both the east and courage which will enable us to combat the evils the west sides of Tanna, and from as far north of selfishness, greed, indulgence and all unworthias the north of Santo. ness that would prevent our deliberations leading us to decisions for the highest good of the little Several of them were reared in heathenism village as well as of the great city; for the poor and are acquainted with all its ways, including its and the nearly poor as well as for those who have fears. They know the pit out of which they have plenty; for the places of hard toil as well as the been brought. Last week I discovered that two places of affluence; for those who are weak in the of them still do not venture to speak of a father- face of temptation as well as for those who can in-law or a mother-in-law by name. One deals stand strong. Help us, dear Saviour, to rememgently with such, all the more because many of ber that in this great throng this morning we their prohibitions have been laid down for rea- appear before Thee as individuals, seperate and sons morally sound. We have now more of the alone. Be Thou the captain of our souls! Then if second generation of Christians, who know a good poverty comes we shall not be so poor and if sordeal about the former heathen life, but who have row comes we shall not be so sad, and if death been freed from many of the fears attached to it. comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all A few days ago one of these, afrajd to touch a nations, Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer, hear lizard, was induced to approach and take one out us as we pray, and have mercy upon us, for Jesus' of my hand and handle it. There are still others sake, Amen. of the third generation who in their own islands have not seen any of the old way, who can name ,;. The prayer of Evangeline Booth was the most inspiring event in .a father-in-law or a mother-in-law, and who think fill the session of the Dem9cratic Convention meeting in Chicago.

OPENING OF THE I. M. C. COMMITTEE MEETING AT HERRNHUT

The delegates met in. the historic old Moravian Church. They were seated in the center section.

At Herrnhut -Tw-o Centuries After The Meeting of the International Missionary Council in Birthplace of Modern Missions By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"~I Princeton, N. J. I~"

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions T HERE is spiritual power in environment. ago the Moravian Brethren sent out their first "Vhere John first baptized," we read, "there missionaries from the very "upper room" where many believed on Jesus." (John 10 :40-42.) the Council met for its devotional meetings. Dr. Those who attended the International Missionary Julius Richter calls the place "the sanctuary and 'Council Meeting held on the Mount of Olives in shrine of the whole continental missionary enter- 1928 or in 1930 near the Haystack Monument, or prise." The very stones cry out, "Believe, endure this summer at historic Herrnhut, felt there the and dare." In his opening address of welcome unseen power of past history. Two hundred years Bishop Baudert, of the Unitas Fratrum, said: [485 ]

"What has given us the courage to invite you to Dr. Mott spoke, the great congregation-with the small Herrnhut? We remember how on August Sisters on the one side and the Brethren on the 21, 1732, the first missionaries set out from Herrn- other-included more than half of the population hut to carry the Gospel to the Negro slaves in St. .of the town! So they shared the worship and Thomas. Then a fire was lighted here at the foot vision of the International Missionary Council.

of the Hutberg which by the grace of God has not Under the chairmanship of Dr. John R. Mott, gone out and never will. With gratitude to God and with the secretarial leadership of Dr. J. H.

we remember how he has enabled our little Church Oldham, the Rev. William Paton and Dr. A. L.

to send out in unbroken succession more than Warnshuis, in fellowship with the lay and clerical three thousand Brethren and Sisters as mission- leadership of these widely scattered missionary aries to the heathen." forces, the Council has grown in strength. Its Indeed, the setting of the conference in this program is world-wide, its proposals are often Moravian community, with its marvelous history, startling, but the sober judgment and Christian enriched our inner spiritual life and our discus- boldness of this leadership has won the whole- sions. It was the great English historian, Lecky, hearted allegiance of most of the missionary who said that what happened to John Wesley in forces of Protestant Christendom.

the little Moravian meeting in Aldersgate'Street, The opening sessions of the Council were wisely London, meant more to England than all the victo- devoted to the unburdening of hearts on the great ries of Pitt by land or sea. The missionary move- issues of the day in which we live, the new oppor- ment sprang from the evangelical revival which tunities and the baffling difficulties in a score of came out of the Moravian movement. This revival countries across the world. There was out-spoken in turn expressed itself, not only in personal con- reality and no shrinking from the issues that are version, but in social action-the abolition of the at stake; no deferred hope made hearts weak but slave trade and legislation for industrial reform. courage rose with danger.

~ome of the letters written by John Wesley to Again and again, in single sentences, a window Count Zinzendorf are in the archives at Herrnhut was opened into dramatic new situations that and two of them were read at one of the sessions startle and challenge. What a world of suffering by Mr. Basil Matthews. and gallant courage is, for instance, revealed in Most of the delegates arrived by way of Dres- the simple statement that "forty-nine churches den in a great German omnibus which drew up in of Korean Christians have recently been closed in the beautiful little square called Zinzendorf-Platz, Siberia by the Soviet Government, many of the after a seventy mile drive southward through the Koreans taking refuge in .Manchuria, and that in rolling corn-fields and forests of Saxony. We were response the Korean Church itself is carrying out within sight of the mountains of Czecho-Slovakia, a special evangelistic forward movement among at the centre of a Europe that is passing through those people in Manchuria."

one of the major changes of history. As the men Similar heroic advances in face of humanly im- and women stepped out from the omnibus, the hos- possible conditions of chaos .and economic terror pitable and kindly eyes of our Moravian hosts and in China, in face of terrible distraction in Japan, hostesses looked into the faces of men and women, in the midst of national unrest in India were re- Indian, Chinese and Korean, Japanese, Belgian ported. A stirring picture of the apostolic travels and American, Filipino and Fr~nch, leaders of the of a pastor touring the villages of Siam, and the Christian forces of every country in Scandinavia wonderful work of a group largely of young folk from Finland to Denmark, Dutch and Scottish, bearing their witness, brought thrill and cheer Canadian and Afrikander, Mexican and English. from an unexpected quarter. From the Philippine They came also from the banks of the Nile, the Islands came a picture of a Youth Movement Congo and the Yangtse rivers. These men and based on the three principles of reaching youth women had come across oceans and continents, through youth, of moral and social as well as spir- drawn from absorbing tasks at great cost of time itual uplift, and of the union of all the churches, to this little tranquil town of sixteen hundred in- in face of the vast multitudes of youtlJ., detached habitants, hidden among quiet hills, remote from by modern secular materialism from all Christian the roar of cities and the turmoil of industries. loyalties, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant.

The Chairman of the Council, speaking from the The very radical proposals made by Commis- spot where Zinzendorf had stood, said that he, sions on Higher Education in India and in Japan by analysis, had found that on the· average one showed that a new day is bound to dawn in these in sixty of the Moravian Brethren and Sisters fields. The proposal was welcomed that in Japan have gone to the mission field, while the propor- some score of theological colleges which, striving tion in the Protestant Churches of the West is less with inadequate staffs to give denominational than one in five thousand. In that church, as training to pastors, should concentrate into two,

AT HERRNHUT-TWO CENTURIES AFTER

where the best teaching strength of all these col- opments in the restriction of religious thought and leges would be for the good of all. life were reported from Turkey, Egypt, Persia, Eritrea, the Congo, China and Russia, and they At one of the sessions Mr. J. Merle Davis of reveal that the battle for religious liberty needs Japan and America and Dr. Iserland of Germany to be fought again. The work of the Council's expounded their work as colleagues in the new officers and proposed further activity in relation- Department of Social and Industrial Research and ship with governments in face of some of these Couricil in Geneva under the International Mis- situations, were approved. The refusal by the Sosionary Council. Their research into social and viet authorities to allow any religious worker even industrial conditions created by Western capital to pass through Russia, is one among many exand civilization among the African and other amples of the obstacles placed by some governprimitive peoples is a handmaid to direct evange- ments in the path of Christian missions. Common lism. It is essential to Christian men to discover counsel revealed that different nations and misand display in practice how to make civilization sionary agencies in widely separated areas are congruous with the Gospel of Christ. The Geneva suffering restrictions that are largely common in Department is concentrating at present upon the character and can best be met by concerted action, unique situation created in the copper belt of the if action is necessary, through government chan- Belgian Congo and Northern Rhodesia by its in- nel!:.. tensive industrialization of the African. Their definite goal is to work out in concrete terms how THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AT HERRNHUT the mining organizations, the governments and the missionary organizations can cooperate and In view of these facts, however, what is the integrate their forces in order to create a new Christian attitude to be with regard to mission- Christian African community, in place of the ary and religious freedom? This problem faced present disastrous corrosion of the old tribal St. Paul and all the Christians in the days when system which leaves the individual African an they were commanded to worship the Roman isolated atom. Emperor. It faces us today, but in new and strangely difficult forms, all across the world. The This large social and industrial program, put days of imprisonment, of persecution and of forward at Williamstown in 1930, had, however, martyrdom for the truth are not altogether of the aroused misgivings on the part of the Missionary past. The Council declared therefore: Council of the Northern Countries before the meeting at Herrnhut. They sent a joint memorial We believe that much more may yet be done by wise, from Stockholm which received careful attention. sustained and progressive efforts to secure full religious One paragraph deserves record here: freedom in all mission fields, and we would count the con- tinuance of such efforts indispensable, since such a serv- Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of the ice can only be rendered effectively under such cooperative Gospel is the essential task of missions, and must always auspices as the International Missionary Council, and is remain SQ, we cannot help feeling anxious at the growing directly related to the evangelistic program of the mistendency of making programs for the solution of rural, sionary movement. social and industrial problems in the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to discussing these important But at the same time they challenged the courproblems from the point of view of missions. But if this is age and faith of disciples: done beyond a certain measure there is a real danger of diverting the missionary zeal from its central objectives In the presence of restraints and limitations upon the to such social problems as will naturally present them- free witnessing of Christians and Christian missionaries selves when Christianity has had a long period of devel- to the Gospel of 'Jesus Christ, which are increasingly evi-. opment in a nation, but which in no wise need be put in dent in certain lands, and which emanate from sectarian the foreground at the time of laying the foundation of a hostility, rival religious systems, new theories of the State, Christian Church in a nation. or the rising tide of nationalism, it is our opinion that In the findings of the Council meeting to which we refer later it will be seen that Herrnhut owed much to this Stockholm letter. The central message of Christianity, the cruciality of the Cross, the need of conversion and of a new life as prerequisites to successful evangelism-all these came to their own once more in the Herrnhut deliberations.

Next to this question of the essential task, was that of religious liberty. A number of documents were in the hands of the delegates and two or three interesting and weighty statements on the principles of religious freedom. Alarming devel-

when such prohibitions to Christian witnessing become the Gospel and transforming social conditions. fundamental and sweeping, in the judgment of the Church These great spiritual movements, the growing concerned, these prohibitions do not relieve the individual Christian and the Christian Chu'rch of their duty to con- self-consciousness of the indigenous churches and tinue their witness with love and patience, and yet also the present financial stringency at home, all unite with endurance, if need be unto suffering. to summon us to closer and wider cooperation.

Another question that called for earnest con- This was evident in all the discussions. Problems sideration was the future policy of missions in the that are common face every missionary society in present financial crisis. At the outset of the com- the world; no one society can possibly grapple mittee meetings Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secre- with them, for they need the mobilizing of the tary of the Conference of British Missionary So- wisdom, the experience, the leadership and in- cieties, very strikingly showed how during the fluence of all in the light of God's leading. The post-war years, when income has been on the whole problem of cooperation between different whole stationary, the work in the field has gone churches was carried dramatically to a deeper ahead in multiplying prosperity. "Has not God," and more searching level by the Rev. W. J. Noble, he asked, "called us to discover through the very of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of Britain, stringency of the present economic crisis that one who declared that ultimately we are bound in era of His missionary work has closed and practice in cooperation to find ourselves face to another opened? Are we not called to face the face with the tremendous questions of Faith and fact of the self-witnessing Church in all mission Order. Unless we are ready to go further, he de- lands ?"Our contribution in the fields of the world clared, we have already gone too far. Is it not today must be something different from that of time, representing the missionary forces facing organization and direction. What is it to be?" heathendom, to say to the churches in the home Our first task is to ask what is God's will for land: "It is your duty to come together, for the future of missionary work in the face of this divided you make. it more difficult to win the world present crisis. We must seek to get deeper still for Christ. Variety in unity is in accord with the into the fulness of the Christian message for the will of God. The real breach is made by ex- present age. We witness, in the troubled waters clusiveness !"

of the Far East, the wonderful sustained evange- There was no exclusiveness at Herrnhut. Cath- listic movements in Japan and in China which re- olicity came to its own without compromise: veal the steadfastness and courage and faith of Realizing the colossal power of the inertia caused largethe new Christian churches there in a time of ly by the divided state of Christendom, the delegates, chaos, amid the crushing forces of materialism moved by the tragic world situation of today, call missionand communism. We must share the agonizing ary workers throughout the world to enter boldly a new era of cooperation. In that new period the requirements, conflict of loyalties in the hearts of members of principles and spirit of such cooperation must be more the Indian Church under the stress of nationalis- thorough, serious and sacrificial than ever.

tic hopes and fears; and rejoice together in the The officers of the Council are to give a major news of the movement of high-caste Hindus into part of their effort to furthering in an advisory the Christian Church, influenced by the beautiful way constructive advances in cooperation such as witness of the purified lives of former outcasts; may turn the retreat threatened by economic a movement that presents to the world a new stringency into triumphant advance. miracle of the Eternal Gospel. Amid the multitude of "findings," the complexi- It was a memorable occasion, and we were ties of the daily program and the activities of greatly stirred on hearing from representative leaders from all lands of astonishing aggressive special committees there are two things that made Herrnhut distinctive to my mind: the clear and work that is, with increasing momentum and out-spoken utterance on the central task of mispower, being carried on by the Christian Church, sions and the consciousness that the only source whether in the Far East or in Africa. Under the terrible economic stress of today's world crisis, of power is God's Holy Spirit. The message is and in the face of self-confident materialism and the Word of God. The method is conversion. The positive atheistic communism, the Christian forces power is outside of ourselves, and the goal is not in Japan and Korea, in China and Siam, in India mere social progress, but the fulness of the Kingand in the Philippines, far from beating a retreat, dom of God. The committee on the message had are pressing forward in ways for which it is dif- referred to it the Stockholm correspondence, and ficult to find a parallel in the history of modern their report, unanimously adopted, will reassure missions. One of these adventures is the detailed those who may have had misgivings regarding the program and the specific activity of the Kingdom position of the International Missionary Council: If we have anything to bring in the name of God to a of God Movement in Japan, to carry Christ into slum, village and industrial city, both proclaiming world in need, it is certainly not o ughr toowrnopuiretoy~nouhrumowann way of life, our own modes of thou

HOW CHRIST IS AFFECTING INDIA

-i,' "

help. What the Church has to give in its world mis~ion is tions, races and communions, we were repeatedly recalled to the parallelism between the Internathe good news of a divine act in history, of the Word made tional Missionary Council opening its heart and flesh. Apart from a Word which is from God, and not soul to the working of the Spirit in face of the from man, there is 110 Christian mission. In face of the world task of Christianity and the Moravians powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the world today we reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverance for mankind and sending out the first missionaries from that very that it alone can provide the foundation for an order of room in 1732. Early in the morning, on more society that will be according to the will of God. than one occasion) the Holy Communion was celebrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, in which, And again they say: We have considered afresh what is central in our mis- at his invitation, the members of the committee sionary work and where the chief emphasis should be laid. from all over the world shared. At no time did Weare convinced that our missionary task is to proclaim the radiant community spirit of the unity of the in word and life God's revelation and redemption in Jesus Brethren sweep across the spirits of the delegates Christ. We have no other task; for while there is much that is useful and good, "one thing is needful." We need with greater force than at the united Love Feast to ask ourselves whether everything that forms part of on the first Sunday, at which,with the delegates, present missionary activity serves the one dominant pur- there was present the Moravian community, pose of making clear the message of Jesus Christ in all whose strong, sweet choral singing expressed the its fullness. enduring moral and spiritual fibre of a people who No stronger statement could be desired. Each have triumphed over persecution, and have even society and each missionary must striv~ to reach this ideal at any cost. Finally, the atmosphere of faced peace and relative prosperity without de- Herrnhut was not materialistic, but devout and generation. May we not hope and pray that from other-worldly. In the devotional meetings at nine the Herrnhut meeting spiritual forces will go o'clock each morning, led by men of different na- forth that shall be like Zinzendorf redivivus!

HoV Christ Is Affecting India* -"II By ROBERT WELLS VEACH, D. D. 111'· W HILE traveling from Singapore to Cal- Hindustani; but on about every fifth page there cutta I became acquainted with a young was a paragraph in English which contained a Indian merchant. Tall, erect, well poised distinctly Christian idea about love and the marand with a rich, brown complexion, he was about riage relation. as handsome a fellow as one would like to meet. Apparently he was wealthy, a camphor merchant Some paragraphs were direct quotations from with large interests in Sumatra and Java. His the New Testament and a few had been a bit muhair was closely cropped except a lock about two tilated by lopping off the context, as, for instance, inches long which protruded from the crown of Ephesians 5 :24. "As the church is subject to his head, the sign that he was an orthodox Hindu. Christ, so wives should be subject to their hus- He was always draped in an immaculate white bands in every respect." (Moffat's translation.) robe finely embroidered with black along the edge. In response to my question about these Christian When the evenings were cool, he would don a ideas being incorporated in a Hindu book, he said: three-quarter length white serge coat with deli·- "We Hindus always read the best European and cately traced gold buttons. Occasionally he wore American books, and when we come across a a rose-colored turban. really good idea we assimilate it into our Hindu thinking." Picture him reclining languidly on a steamer chair, speaking English fluently and rolling his This is a significant statement and reveals the large, dreamy eyes in whose depths one caught While admitting that Christianity is making glimpses of fathomless philosophies milleniums rapid strides in India, my friend insisted that old, nebulous ideas and wistful wishing. power of Hinduism to survive the centuries. Hinduism would win because it has this amazing One day he handed me a book he was reading, capacity to assimilate Christian ideas and ideals. entitled "Love and Marriage," with the request Because of its profound philosophic insight, he that I look through it. The book was printed in * Presbyterian Survey.

claimed that it is able to give to the world a more unadorned and impressive. There was no altar, spiritual understanding of Jesus. All this came no priest, no image. For ten minutes I listened from a young Indian camphor merchant. to several hundred Hindu students chant their prayer and praise to the God of their fathers. One Sunday evening I tramped with Dr. Sam Then this leader and teacher of men showed me Higginbottom across the acres of his Agricultural through his library of which he is justly proud. Institute of Allahabad. He described the unex- He had majored in English Literature at Oxford pected visit he had one day from some Indian and was familiar with our American poets, even princes. They had been attending a great re- down to Lindsay and Robinson. Emerson and ligious gathering at Benares and having heard of Whitman he was willing to concede a high place; Higginbottom's work ·decided to see for them- but of all the others he refused to group any of selves. One morning six of them arrived at the them with Wordsworth, Browning, and Shelley. station in a private train. They were deeply impressed with what they saw and with the Chris- This man had recently presided over a public tian motive back of it all. One of them was so meeting addressed by Dr. Stanley Jones. At the taken with a fine young Christian student that he conclusion of the address he arose and expressed offered him the position of agricultural manager his complete agreement with most of the speakand teacher on his own large estate. er's statements because he found the same ideas in Hinduism. "This is our classroom for the study of Industrial Chemistry," said the president of a large But there are many thoughtful, highly intelli- Christian college. The room with its apparatus gent men among the six million followers of and charts was neatly arranged. On one of the Christ in India. One evening I met a very promiwalls I noticed a picture of Christ and the Rich nent Judge, a man of great intellectual breadth Young Ruler, while back of the teacher's desk and spiritual insight. Both he and his wife are hung a fine copy of Hoffman's Christ Among the active members of a Christian church. On an- Doctors. other occasion I attended a social gathering in the home of an Indian Christian. He is the head of "This Indian teacher is evidently Christian," I a large Government High School, is mentally alert remarked. and enthusiastically devoted to Christian work.

"No," said the president, "at least not a pro- Riding from Calcutta to Benares I shared the fessing Christian; but it would appear as if he compartment with an elderly gentleman, whom I were almost persuaded. The character of Jesus found most companionable. He proved to be a makes a strong appeal to many men who are not high railroad official and an active Christian. interested in organized Christianity." One day I addressed seven hundred students in Perhaps the keenest man intellectually I met in the Assembly Hall of a Christian college, and to India was a distinguished college president, the the best of my ability I challenged this host of head of a large Hindu Graduate School. He was promising young men to take the ideals and teacha Hindu and believes that, freed from shallow tra- ings of Jesus Christ and incorporate them into dition and vitalized by close contact with the main the new social and political structure that is takcurrents of modern thinking, Hinduism possesses ing form in India. The response was trementhe dynamic to make India great and powerful. dous. Is India almost persuaded?

I attended the chapel exercise. It was simple, The Cure for Depression What would Christ do and say to help us out of our trouble if He were on earth now?

We can judge only by what He did and said in the first century, an age not so different from our own, an age of unsettlement, violence, drunkenness and license. Christ would tell us not to yield to panic, "be not anxious for the- morrow, and not to trust in riches; what shall it profit .a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" Christ would tell us to work and pray for our daily bread, to keep our hearts clean and steady and kind, to love God supremely and our neighbor as ourselves. He would tell us not to be selfish or afraid, but to trust our Heavenly Father and do our duty from day to day. He would tell us that the Holy Spirit will guide us to our duty, that the universe is in the hands of God and that the soul of man is the most precious thing in the world.

These are the fundamental principles and spirit that must underlie and cure our trou- bles. Everyone can begin at once to put them in practice. HENRY VAN DYKE. .'.

Braga of

II: J ··:ill w~ . ~~~ ~ a~:n J:.. By REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China Recently Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A., in charge of Latin-American Fields — _. __ . ._. — — ONE of the essential aims and ends of foreign clerk in a country store which, due to the exig- missions is the establishment and develop- encies of the economic situation, used old news- ment of a native church. To fulfil its mis- papers for wrapping its packages and articles of sion this church must be in reality self-propa- sale. One day the newsboy who brought these gating, self-supporting, self-governing. In many papers to the young clerk gave him some leaves mission fields such indigenous churches are now torn from a book in which John Braga became developing. Leaders of those churches are intensely interested. These leaves had been appearing who are worthy of being in- torn from a Bible, a book with which cluded in the long line of the suc- Mr. Braga, like many other nominal cessors of the glorious company of Roman Catholics, was not familiar.

the apostles. In Brazil, after two He became interested, asked for generations of mission service, more of these papers, read and there is such an evangelical studied them, and resolved to church today, independent of give himself to this new way foreign subsidy, directed by of life and belief. Soon after its own leaders, expressive a Presbyterian missionary, of the genius and spirit of the Rev. F. P. Schneider, its own people. Foremost made his acquaintance; as a among the leaders of that result John Braga was bap- church was Erasmo Braga. tized and became a member On May 11, 1932, at only 55 of the recently formed Pres- years of age, Dr. Braga's byterian Church in Brazil.

rich service upon this earth He studied for the ministry, came to an end. It is a privi- and became one of its most ac- lege to attempt to review a few tive and able leaders. While of the achievements of this truly teaching in a mission school in great man and to summarize some Rio Claro, as a candidate for the of the characteristics t hat en- ministry, he met and married a dea·red him to so many friends and girl who was also teaching in that that won for him the well deserved con- school. In 1877 their first child was fidence of the Evangelical Church, not PROFESSOR born, and was named Erasmo after the only in Brazil but throughout the world. ERASMO BRAGA famous Dutch humanist. This boy was Erasmo Braga was first and foremost a man of baptized by a Presbyterian minister who had the church of which he was a servant and a leader. fled from the Island of Madeira after a terrible He was an ordained minister of the Presbyterian persecution and had been wounded in a similar Church in Brazil, which he had served as Mod- persecution in Brazil. Erasmo thus grew up in a erator and in whose councils he occupied an infht- Christian home; entered the second class at Mac- ential position. kenzie College, Sao Paulo; took work in the His ecclesiastical inheritance is of unusual in- preparatory course of a school of law; and terest. His f.amily was an influential one that later entered a theological seminary to pre- lived in Portugal in a town that bore the family pare for the ministi'Y. After he was ordained name of Braga. His grandfather was an army he taught for. many years on the seminary officer in Portugal and his father, John Braga, faculty without salary. He was one of the emigrated to the new world of the Americas, land- directors of the seminary in Rio de Janeiro, ing in Brazil in the early 1850s. At first he had and has taken a special interest in the Curso difficulty trying to make his living. He became a Jose Manoel da Conceicao, which provides a [491 ]

junior college course of preparation for can- ments between the two. He favored the plan by didates for the ministry. which financial assistance would come from the Dr. Braga was not only a minister of the Evan- mission on a diminishing scale for initial and pio- gelical church, but an educator whose advice was neer areas, with the missionary force acting as sought in this field both in the sphere of the mis- the spearhead of evangelistic service on the fron- sion and of the government. He taught for some tier, and the native church taking over as rapidly years on the faculty of Mackenzie College and of as possible the work in larger cities' and evan- Campinas Seminary; he was Chancellor of the gelized areas. Such a cooperative plan has been Federation of Evangelical Schools of Brazil; put to the practical test in Brazil and has stood served on the Executive Council of the National the test. The Brazilian Church stands on its own Educational Association; and was the editor and feet with self-respecting independence and re- author of a number of text books, both in the field sponsibility, and Dr. Braga has had a large part of religious and secular education. No one who saw in shaping this development. His clearness and him preside at the Montevideo Congress and heard incisiveness of thought on this subject of coopera- him swing with ease and fluency from his native tion between mission and church was especially Portuguese to Spanish, to French, to English, will evident at the Lakeville Conference of the Pres- ever forget his linguistic skill and ability. He had byterian Board of Missions, where this issue was also a reading and working knowledge of Greek, one of the chief topics of consideration.

Latin, Hebrew and Italian. In a memorial service In the wider groupings that include churches held by the Brazilian Association of Education and missionsjn other lands, Dr. Braga also made after Dr. Braga's death, Dr. Anisio Teixeira, his distinct and serviceable contribution. Not long Superintendent of Public Instruction, said: before his death he was appointed representative Erasmo Braga was an educator in the highest and rich- of the Latin American section of the World's Alliest sense of the word, a binder together of men among ance of the Reformed Churches. A government themselves. I render today, as a member of the Brazilian official in Brazil paid this tribute to the universal Educational Association, and personally, the profound and quality in Dr. Braga's leadership: sincere homage of my intelligence and my heart to this man who did good to all of us because in all of us he There are those ~vho say that the Protestants built a added a power of love not of ourselves. bridge for a great intellectual passage in modern times but they did not have the courage to pass over. Men like But Dr. Braga's influence went beyond the Erasmo Braga are conducive to such a passage. They usual bounds of church and school and was ex- use their influence for religious cooperation in Brazil and pressed in many channels of service which are in the whole world. They tend to suppress the divisions grouped under the head of union and cooperation. among men by a tacit or expressed accord in a group of common ideas…. He led us forward because of those For twelve years he was Secretary of the Commit- delicate and sensitive labors which arduously insisted on tee on Cooperation in Brazil, the consultative and the harmony between men seeking with tolerance and long correlating agent of various evangelical church suffering spirit that which was a common denominator. groups in that country. Dr. Braga took an active He led us forward because he broke down differences, he part in the Panama Congress held in 1916; was eliminated divisions, and created stronger and more ample bonds of unity for human cooperation…. Because of chairman .and presiding officer at the Congress on this all of us, believers and agnostics, are able to associ- Christian Work in South America, held in Monte- ate ourselves together in homage to such a remarkable video, Uruguay, in 1925; he was one of the three character, reflecting Brazilian and universal religious members of the International Missionary Council thought as was Erasmo Braga. . . . representing Latin America, and met with the A missionary wrote of him: Council at Jerusalem in 1928; he was Honorary He was the one internationally-minded Brazilian Protes- tant. He always had an aptitude for other people's points President of the Evangelical Congress of Havana of view, even as a student back in 1892 when I first came in 1929; he .attended the Lakeville Conference of to know him well. … He knew the whole "Who's Who the Presbyterian Foreign Board held in June, of Brazil," and was, as a Vice-president of the Republic 1931, and played an influential part in the discus- once said, "mais acatado" (accepted with friendliness and sions there on the relations of mission and church. respected for character and intelligence) more than any Dr. Braga saw clearly that the merging of mission other man of his acquaintance.

and church, as many native leaders advocate, with In the sphere of the church, of education, in the continuance of foreign subsidy to this merged or- world field of cooperative enterprise, Dr. Braga ganization, was not the right solution of the prob- made his contribution and served his generation lem, and tactfully but fearlessly advocated the de- wisely and well. "He was a man, take him all in velopment of mission and church on parallel and all. We shall not look upon his like again."

distinct lines, each to administer its own funds But many of us who knew him remember him given by its own constituency, with a cooperative not as a minister, or as an educator, or as a leader or liaison committee or group to work out adjust- in cooperation, but as a friend whom we trusted

ERASMO BRAGA OF BRAZIL

and loved. Strong, wise, full of grace, Erasmo some weeks before his death, both he and his wife Braga drew men to him in friendship that was were ill. Death took Mrs. Braga on April 19th, deep and true and lasting. He was .an ideal com- three weeks before his own death. In a letter, panion, ready to enjoy the simple felicities of the written April 29th, he wrote in answer to a mesday and to share in the experiences of the common sage of sympathy in the loss which he had sustask as a true comrade and friend. tained: "Our sufferings have given us an oppor- tunity to witness for the Eternal Hope to a large Through all his service, in church, in school, in circle of relatives and friends." his cooperative capacities, as a friend, Erasmo Braga was a true witness for Christ. Dr. Braga's earthly ministry has ended, but his spirit lives on in school and church in Brazil, and In the Covenant Compam'on, published in Brazil, in ute wider circle of those in many lands who in October, 1929, an article summed up this dis- came to know him, who gained through him a tinctive spirit of his service: truer and more vivid understanding of the beloved community of the Church Universal, and of the For Latin America as a whole, no man today means One who is its Lord and its Light, before Whom more in the interest of making Jesus Christ known, loved, one day, that Church, in the building of which Dr. believed or followed, than Professor Erasmo Braga, whose Braga has had such a vital part, will be presented father learned to know the way of Life Eternal from the faultless with exceeding joy. fragments of a Bible used for wrapping paper in the early days of the pioneers in Brazil.

He was a witness clear through to the end. For An Egyptian Convert from Islam A CHRISTIAN effendi and a sheikh from EI mud read the Sermon on the Mount. When he Azhar University in Cairo took shelter to- read it he found notes from the donor: "Pray for gether in a shop during a shower of rain. those who despitefully use you"-"I pray for you Before they parted the effendi gave the sheikh a daily." And so on. card inviting him to a lecture at the C. M. S. student center. Attracted by the idea of meeting the Six months after he had broken up the discuseffendi again, Sheikh Mahmud went to the lecture sion meeting Mahmud, now convinced of the truth and made his first contact with Douglas Thornton of Christianity, had to make his decision. It is and Temple Gairdner. almost impossible to conceive what that decision involved. On the one side was training in Con- As a boy, when Mahmud was attending the stantinople as a lawyer-an assured position, great Moslem school in the Temple area (in Jeru- property, honor; on the other-a loneliness we can salem) he discovered in his father's house a copy only imagine, outcasting from family and home of a book forbidden throughout the Turkish Empire-"Sweet Firstfruits." He read it from cover and country, dishonor, persecution, disinheritance to cover, again and again. This was his first -and Christ. Mahmud himself tells the story of touch with Christian truth. How his father, a that night of decision: bigoted and orthodox Moslem, a teacher in the Haram, had become possessed of this book is a Mr. Gairdner called Mr. Thornton, and we three prayed mystery. together. Perhaps only about three times in my life have I prayed with the certainty of faith, and that was one. After the first lecture in Cairo Mahmud went Mr. Gairdner said: "I will say the words, and you shall regularly to the meetings. On one occasion he say them after me. .. 0 Lord, what shall I do? Enbrought twenty Azhari students with him for the lighten my eyes that I may perceive the best course, the express purpose of breaking up the meeting. The best for soul, the best for conscience." Even while I subject was the Crucifixion, and when Mahmud was speaking my heart was filled with a great glow of leaped to his feet calling on all true Moslems to love and I saw shining on the wall the word Al Masih show their abhorrence of the teaching, the meet- (Christ) . ing was broken up as most of those present followed him out. Then Mr. Gairdner said: 'Now we won't talk to one another. You go away and get God's guidance without Imagine his astonishment when, after this rude talking to any human being, and I shall stay here and behavior, Douglas Thornton came and invited him pray for you.' to come every week! I went back to the Azhar (university mosque) and took Douglas Thornton and Temple Gairdner spent my daily ration of bread. Then I went to 'the lodgings, themselves for him during the months that fol- which I shared with several others. I took out my father's lowed. A typical touch was the gift of aNew letters and spread them before me. I took the Koran and Testament from Gairdner on condition that Mah- Injil (Gospel) and. I read them in turns. When the others came in, I was in a muse. They asked me to a party in another room. I said: "No! My thoughts are burdened tonight. Leave me." The two sides of the question kept surging in upon me. How could I face poverty, as I must, if I were a Christian? But how could I deny Christ?

Why not follow Christ secretly and outwardly comply? For a fully qualified sheikh of EI Azhar the But Thornton and Gairdner said that was only laughing at convert's usual problem of employment did not Christ. occur. Rather did it add lustre to the mission schools that their Arabic master was so qualified. At last I prayed exactly as a man does who is speaking For twenty-five years Sheikh Bulus has faithfully to his fellow. I said to Christ, as though He were at the taught both in the boys' and girls' schools in Cairo-a picturesque figure in his sheikh's robes other side of my bed: "Guide me Thou, 0 Christ, if Thou which he always wore. art Lord." It needed the endless patience and humility of It was night, and I slept after that. It seems to me as Gairdner to hold on to Sheikh Bulus during the if I saw in sleep the faces of Thornton and Gairdner and years of adjustment and struggle. The story is another that 1 knew was the face of Christ. one of ups and downs, of falls and conquests. It is, too, a record of faithful service and of loyalty Suddenly I awoke, hearing a voice say: "Mahmud, rise to Christ, a loyalty that never wavered. up, there is light for thee. Fear not." I thought my comrade, Sheikh Ahmad, had called to me, but he was sleep- His position in the Old Cairo Church strengthing. Then a man in white passed me and swished me ened, and perhaps it was the memory of the with his robe, saying again: 'Mahmud, rise up, there is "father" God gave him in Douglas Thornton that light for thee. Fear not.''' It happened a third time, and inspired his efforts to befriend converts. What- I was left trembling all over. At last 1 said: "0 Christ, ever the motive it is a fact that his was one of the Thou art my Lord." few Christian homes always open to converts, and there he and his wife (herself a convert) let it be My one thought was to meet Thornton and Gairdner. known that "our house is a home for converts." When I went to them, Gairdner said: "Now you who were Saul are Paul (Bulus)," and kissed my forehead. After- Always eager and impetuous he threw himself wards I learned they had taken no supper but had stayed heart and soul into the care and teaching of intill three o'clock praying for me-till about the time of quirers, especially when the student center was remy vision. opened in Cairo. No effort was too much-his heart and his home were always open to them. Loneliness came on me terribly on the night after my baptism. That is always a hard time, when all the calls of So well did Bulus like this work that he longed the old life sound in a man's ears and he has not yet rooted to give up teaching in school and to devote his himself in the new. I could not sleep that night. At whole time to evangelism. He was still a young eleven o'clock, Mr. Gairdner saw a light under my door man-only forty-six years of age-and had apparand called out: "Bulus!" "1 can't sleep," I said. He ently years of valuable service still to give when came in and saw me miserable and said: "I'll stay with he was taken ill and in five days (in June, 1931) you a little while." Then he began to read to me out of he had passed on to join those who had brought missionary papers about some boys in Uganda who had him into the fellowship of his Lord. suffered everything for Christ. He read in English and told me in Arabic what he read. I saw that others had -Church Missionary Outlook. left all for Christ. At twelve o'clock he said: "Now you had better sleep." The war was not over in my soul and I said: "1 can't." Then he said: "Very well, I have a proposal. You lie down on your bed and shut your eyes, and I will sit on this chair beside you and go on reading to you. 1 promise to stay with you till you sleep." At first 1 could not keep my eyes shut, but every time 1 opened them he put his hand gently over them until at last 1 slept.

Unexpected Testimony Professor Julian Huxley, describing a visit to East Africa, writes: Perhaps the most striking impression I take away from Kampala is of a service in the Church of Eng- land Cathedral. Five or six hundred natives; a choir of fifty who sang a Bach Chorale with great feeling; a sermon which I longed to understand by Ham Mukasa, one of the aristocracy of the native kingdom, a noble-faced old man who has twice been to England, and has written a book about his travels there.

One is reminded of Charles Darwin's visit to the Church Missionary Society station at Waimate. He wrote: The lesson of the missionary is the enchanter's wand. . . And to think that this was in the centre of cannibalism, murder and all atrocious crimes! . . . 1 took leave of the missionaries with thankfulness for their kind welcome, and with feeling of high respect for their gentlemanlike, useful and upright char- acters. It would be difficult to find a body of men better adapted for the high office which they fulfill.

It is a long stretch of time from 1835, when Charles Darwin wrote of the work of the Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, to 1930 when Professor Huxley writes of the work in Uganda. The work.in New Zealand is now in charge of a Maori Bishop. The work in Uganda is still the responsibility of the Church Missionary Society.

The Uganda story is one of heroic sacrifices and of wonderful results. When Bishop Chambers visited Uganda he was so impressed by what he saw there that he made it his prayer that Tanganyika would be transformed by the power of the Gospel as Uganda has been.

-Church Missionary Gleaner.

Ways of

Tested Methods for Incr~asing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE AUTUMN KEYNOTE shade beneath, to guide the of white, green, yellow or red.

Whatever increases receptiv- April folk. June had orange At the sounding of the luncheon ity for our missionary message is ,veIl worth cultivating, blossoms, July its patriotic fea- call, guests found their way to though not to the extent of lowering the tone of the mes- tures, November its turkey and whatever table bore the same sage. In any department of church activity, you will find ingathered grain, December its color decoration as themselves. your audience rising to the keynote of seasonal appropriate- tiny tree and bells, and so on The winter table centered on a ness. Home-coming functions, receptions for newcomers in the around the year. Everyone was Christmas tree, with pure white missionary organization, harvest home festivals and out- well 'introduced by the time the candles, tiny sleds on cotton door gatherings turned to missionary uses, the stressing of groups were assembled; but to snow, etc.; the spring table was fresh beginnings and advanced plans-these all fit into Septem- make doubly sure, the persoll exquisite in green, with beds ber and October, the latter being the month in which the who first located her natal of artificial daffodils, tulips and average missionary organization musters its 'forces for a headguarters had to welcome narcissus; the summer table new year's work. In this connection, the outline for a recep- the next, these two the next, was stunning with yellow tion to newcomers given in the May number of THE REVIEW and so on until an atmosphere candles and a patriotic centeradapts itself to autumnal use. of cordiality and good cheer piece, and the autumn table was Welcome Home Parties had been created. Then the the beauty spot of the room, A resume of this plan, given in THE REVIEW several years hostess announced that as' this with its red candles, bright ago, may prove timely. The hostess announced that all guests was the cook's day off, guests leaves of many shades, and a born in January were to assemble in a spot in the room which must prepare the repast. .THnu- Jack-o-Iantern center. they must find by its appropriateness, and so on through the ary had to cut the bread, A hostess in corresponding rest of the calendar. Then ensued a lively search for birth- February to make one sort of attire was seated at each table, month headquarters. January proved easily recognizable from sandwiches and March another, a blushing bride and groom a sheet of new resolutions and other decorations, hung in one June must concoct the cocoa, honoring the spring group. corner of the large room. February had an abundance of etc. After all were seated, the The missionary organization snow and ice, pictures of Lincoln, Washington, etc. On hostess tapped a bell and said, personified was the general a chandelier hung an umbrella with both overshoes and sun- "The sandwiches, please, April" hostess, her table having a – at which the Aprilites birthday cake centrally placed.

trooped off to serve that item- One or more jingle-gifted per- and thus the merry meal pro- sons were seated at each table gressed. Each group was re- to reel out rhymes reminiscent quired to evolve a limerick or of the organization's past, or jingle on the subject of its fraught with optimistic feJicita- birth-month, the most popular .tions for its future. The table being given a blue ribbon. It groups broke out from time to was then announced that the time in appropriate music- divisions would stand for the "Jingle Bells" at the winter year, and that the programs table, "0 Promise Me" in the would be presented accordingly, spring gathering, etc. After the January group giving the the cutting of the cake with its program in that month and so good wishes specific to the or- on. ganization, a talented speaker The Hyde Park Baptist set forth the goals and ideals Church, in Chicago, also had of the denomination for the its autumnal rally in the form opening year, and another well- of a birthday party. At the informed speaker followed ex- entrance the mystified guests ploiting the program of study were compelled to yield the and service planned for the so- secret of their natal day (not ciety. Earnest prayer foc'

the year!), each then having guidance and power to actuate pinned upon her a dainty favor the plans closed a meeting [495 ]

begun in merriment but ended a good hunt, on trees, bushes, that time we will start on a fall and winter cruise, visiting many countries in information, inspiration and decorations, etc., or on their indeep seriousness of purpose. door counterparts if the out- en route. We will touch at a number door function is not practicable. of ports and explore the country round about. Be on hand on Rally Autumn Parties Have guests work singly or in Day to help launch the boat. En- twos, giving a year's subscrip- closed is a round-trip ticket. Please One such missionary gather- tion to THE REVIEW to the per- fill in with your name and address ing, held in October, had deco- son having the nearest complete and bring it with you on Rally Day rations of chrysanthemums and list of questions and answers so that you can start on the cruise gaily colored leaves, its title with us. Arrangements have been being, "Autumn Gleanings." Red cardboard apples made in a given time. Summer or made for picking up new passengers covers for booklets inside of autumn music, with suitable re- who may wish to come aboard after freshments, will make this a which were pasted pictures of very attractive social-mission- the cruise has started. some definite missionaries or Our offering on Rally Day will be fields, with corresponding information clipped from THE for – – . We have set as our goal REVIEW and denominational pUblications, placed alongside. ary event to rally the new or the sum of $—. Please bring the These apples were presently opened and served successively uninterested. enclosed envelope with your offering by different young people read- An autumn Christmas tree ing and displaying the contents. and help us reach our goal. Walnuts with questions inside for the purpose of assembling were at the places at the ensu- gifts for some worker on a dis- This boat trip will not interfere ing luncheon. These had to be tant foreign field is a further "cracked" and answered. rallying function for the first with the regular work of our school; autumn meeting. A harvest home rally in Octo- each class will continue to have its ber was gaily decorated with The calendar plan is often fruits, flowers and grain of the instituted in September or Oc- regular lesson period. Many of our season and had its music of old tober, one person being apfolk songs furnished by a quar- teachers took special courses during tet in costume. The program pointed to represent the miscentered on "The Christian sionary year, nine or ten o~ers the summer better to fit them for their Home," with devotionals on the the months of missionary-prohome of Mary and Martha, and gram observance, each month work, and we have reason to hope that brief talks on the missionary's having four personified weeks, each week seven human days, our school will grow in numbers and a penny a day being the toll from each person. (Otherwise enthusiasm and in knowledge of, the each member of this human calendar is asked to earn and great Guide Book which we all are turn in a dollar for missionary benevolences. ) studying. The motto selected for the coming year is: Only out· best is good enough for Christ.

Let each one memorize it and live it.

Then Sunday School will be what our Divine Pilot would have it.

The program for Rally Day was built around the idea of an ocean trip, and to give atmos- phere to the voyage, the plat- form had been decorated to resemble a ship. The songs used were: . "Jesus, Saviour, home on the various fields in Pilot Me," "Let the Lower which the organization was in- RALLY DAY IN THE SUNDAY Lights Be Burning," etc. Paul's SCHOOL* shipwreck and rescue was the terested, as an opportunity and Scripture story; "Our Chart an object lesson among the non- Many missionary programs and Compass in Life" the sub- Christian natives. The improve- ject of a brief address by the ment in native homes after nowadays are built around the pastor. their inmates became Christian figure of a world tour or ocean was another fertile topic. A cruise. Here is one which is Announcement was made home mission dramatization calculated to give the Church that the missionary cruise was and a luncheon inclusive of School a fine start at its first starting and that China would parched corn and other au- autumn meeting. It was used be the first port of call, and tummiJ Indian features closed in the Concord Presbyterian that other countries would be School at Carrick, Pennsyl- visited during the winter. the meeting. A missionary garden party vania. Two weeks later, in the clos- Five days before Rally Day, ing exercises of the school the furnishes a good opening in the daughter of a missionary in fall, and may be used to famili- a letter similar to the one be- China gave a fine talk, illusarize guests with newly elected low was mailed to every mem- trated with curios, on the part officers at annual gatherings ber of the Church School: falling during the summer, Dear Friend; of China in which she had lived N ow that summer is over and vacanew plans by the denomination for a number of years. Several for the opening year, names of tion a thing of the past, we are look- weeks later, a pretended land- ing .forward with enthusiasm to the the new study books, etc. Type fall and winter work. As a member ing in India was made and a a considerable list of the de- of – – Sunday School you will, of native Hindu in a near-by uni- course, be interested in its plans for sired questions on slips of the coming months. versity gave a talk with profuse paper, their answers being on illustrations of curios. A young separate slips. Pin these suf- September 25th is Rally Day. At Egyptian from a theological ficiently far apart to necessitate seminary not far away effected • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope Company, Richmond, Va, Abridged.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the fifteen-minute landing in Unrivaled in natural beauty 3. Public schools Egypt that had been previously Cosmopolitan Developing cooperation in Govannounced. And thus all dur- The Indian's place in it ing the winter the "landing fea- ernment schools tures" were used in the closing 2. The Indian's contribution to the 4. Religious education in Governassembly period. world ment schools OUTLINE STUDIES OF "IN- Trails along which the United 5. Mission schools and their influ- DIAN AMERICANS" States expanded ence By MRS. B. P. HEUENER Lure of the out-of-doors Aim-to make citizens "with the Foods Baptist,,,Missionary Education Heritage of beauty finger print of God" Se~etary for Illinois Devotionals: The Christian Student. Devotionals: Our Joint Heritage of These studies-greatly con- Religious Inspiration. Eph. 6: 8, 9; Provo 4:5; Romans 12:2; 2 Tim. densed on account of space limitations-were presented by Romans 8:14, 16, 17; 10:12. 2:15. Mrs. Heubner in the Normal Supplementary Suggestions: S1tpplementary Suggestions: Course on Home Missions, at Lake Geneva Interdenomina- Prepare list of Indian names in Name and locate Indian schools tional School of Missions last summer. Their aim was (1) your own or a neighboring of your denomination to provide a guide in the teach- state, with historical connec- Impersonations in dialog form er-training course of that tion where possible. school; (2) to furnish material One or more choice legends told. of students from government, for later mission study groups public and mission· schools, in local churches; (3) to serve Two menus incorporating as as the basis of programs in discussing relative advantages both senior and young people's many Indian foods as possible. groups. Room decorated with samples of and disadvantages of their re- Text: Indian Americans, by Indian art. spective schools Winifred Hulbert. Special assignments on such A day in a Government school- A uxiliary Helps: Meriam- themes as "The Place of Mu- may be impersonation of Hinman's "Facing the Future .sic in the Indians' Life"; in Indian Missions"; "The Moc- teacher casin Trail," by. Bruce Kin- phonograph records of such A day in a mission school ney; "Leaders' Manual," by music; readings of Indian Assigned talks on Bacone Col- Elizabeth Mann Clark; books of Indian legends, music and poems or translations; "Story lege or Santee Normal Trainpoetry; magazine articles as in- of Sacajawea," from "The dicated in the successive les- Bird Woman," by Schults. ing School, on education for sons. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW preservation of Indian culture OF THE WORLD, July-August, Topic for Discnssion: Should mission 1932. schools be continued?* Aim: (1) To secure a knowl- CH!PTER II-E PLURIBUS UNUM CHAPTER IV-FACING 14 COMPETITIVE edge of present conditions among American Indians; (2) A.im: To realize the adjustments to WORLD to recognize and assume the responsibility of every Christian American life necessary to be made Aim: To understand the Indian's individual toward these Indians. by Indians. problems of adjustment to the pre- Keynote: "In the America Topics: that was ours before it was vailing civilization; to recognize yours, we desire to take our 1. Changing attitudes place in the ranks of Christian and assume the Christian's opporcitizenship." (From address of 2. The Indian no relic of the past tunity to help in solving them. Indians to President Coolidge Growing race versus tribal con- Topics: at Pine Ridge Agency, August 17, 1927.) sciousness 1. Looking for a job CHAPTER I-A HOMELAND SHARED 3. Out of many tribes, one race In Indian service; in white Aim of Session: To recognize our cul- 4. Out of many races, one nation world; on reservation tural and spiritual as well as our material heritage from the Indians. 5. Old ways and new days 2. From Stone Age to Machine Age Aim of adjustments-to produce at a step Topics: 1. The land which the Indians highest type of citizen E con 0 m i c adjustments-ex- shared Means-Government, mlSSIOns, change, citizenship obliga- touch of average white life tions, occupations open Devotionals: International Citizen- Social adjustments – initiative ship. Book of Ruth. lacking; prejudice to be over- Supplementary Suggestions: come; problems in city life; Map drill locating tribes service of Y.M.C.A. and In- Spell-down on tribal names dian Office Game of jumbled tribal names 3. The Church's opportunity Story of "The Trail of Tears" Devo tionals: In the world but not of Study of distinctive and com- it. John 17:8-17. mon tribal customs Supplementa1'y Suggestions: Roll call of pioneer missionaries 1. Roll call of Indians known in to Indians '. history Question for Discussion: How far 2. Talk, "Citizenship privileges of will intermarriage with whites aid Indians" in adjustment to American civiliza- 3. "The White Man's Book of tion? Heaven" speech (in play, "Two Thousand Miles for a CHAPTER III-TOOLS FOR THE FUTURE Book" and in Indian Office Aim: To discover the strong features Bulletin for 1928; No.8) in every type of school. To face the 4. Survey of your city or locality problems involved in making citi- to discover number of In- zens "with the finger print of God." dians, their living accommoda- Topics: tions, social and recreational 1. Education and student problems advantages and church affilia- Learning a trade tions Financing a higher education Discussion Topic: If you lived in a Winning a place in the modern . section where there were Indians world and had positions to offer, to which 2. Government schools today would you give preference-Indians Aim-to educate to make a liv- * (See Indian Office Bulletins of Education ing and to become citizens Division; ah::,o Prof"feSsi'L'e Educatim, Feb, Recent improvements 1[132.)

or whites? How can we touch the Devotionals: God the Creator and The next meeting is desig- lives of some Indian young people? Guiding Spirit. Mal. 2: 10, Rev. nated "A Look Around"-' "Look not every man to his CHAPTER V-AT HOME IN THE INDIAN 4:11; Is. 58:11; Ps. 37:5. own things but also to the Supplementary Suggestions: things of others." Migrant COUNTRY work in the homeland is to be 1. Map locating the missions of considered. Aim: To see the Indian student in your denomination. his home environment; to discover "Look unto Him," with a means of making the home envir- 2. Roll call-name, location and home-coming address by the onment safe and progressive toward type of service of a mission- pastor, is the theme of the third "the abundant life." ary to Indians, in your de- nomination. mabneeidentgi,nwg"e,TreihtesyliSglcohrotiekpnetedudr.e'-~,k-.e, yT"n'hTo!etn.e. Topics: 1. The student back among his peo- 3. Comparison of health safeguards comes "A Look Across the Sea" ple in average American and av- -"Go ye therefore and teach 2. Home viewpoints erage Indian communities. all nations." This will give op- 3. Constructive plans for the fu- portunity for a review of the ture 4. Impersonation of Steve Quones- study book on China, which is Legal protection tiwa. (See "Moccasin Trail," to be studied in all the circles Improved reservation system Chapter 9.) of the organization. Removal of evil white influence (See Home Mission Congress state- "Look and Praise"-"Let us Devotionals: Newness of Life. Eph. ment, Congress Report.) offer the sacrifices of praise to 4:21-24. God continually," will be the GENERAL PROJECTS FOR THE COURSE theme for the November meet- Supple7nentary Suggestions: ing, which will feature a pag- 1. Discussion topics: That Indians 1. Comparison of Indian proverbs eant and praise gifts. . should be encouraged to per- form at rodeos, at fairs and and teachings with similar Scrip- "A Look Inward"-"Examine for tourists. How can the In- yourselves"-heralds a mission- dian's heritage of culture be tural references. ary magazine presentation. made significant to him? What contribution can Christian 2. Study of Indian legends for simi- "A Look Up," on the keynote missions make toward the of Luke 21 :28, is in celebra- wise use of enforced or nat- larity in Old Testament stories. tion of the World's Day of ural leisure? Prayer. 2. Debate: Resolved, That the Res- 3. Detailed sketch of work of one of ervation System Should Be "Look to Thy Neighbor," Abolished. your own missions. Matt. 19 :19, agam will afford 3. Assignments: The desirable and opportunity for a review on the undesirable aspects of tri- 4. Prepare a play for public presen- Indian study book. bal holidays or ceremonial trips. How be adapted to tation (see Elizabeth Mann Clark's "Look to the Harvest," Matt. good purposes? Class member 9 :37, with a survey of world investigate and report what Leaders' Manual and denomina- mission fields, will close this measures relative to the In- dians are before Congress. tional catalogues for names of unique series. Write your congressmen, in- plays). .• dividually or in a group. Where We Place the Emphasis Consult the Indian Rights As- 5. Secure local or missionary speaker sociation, 995 Drexel Build- of authority to address church. Each year $750,000,000 is ing, Philadelphia. spent for cosmetics, perfumes 6. Stereopticon lectures on Indian life (See "Literary Digest," Aug. 3, 1929 and creams. -"The Plight of the Educated In- and missions. $350,000,000 for soft drinks. dian." $300,000,000 for beautiful 7. Prepare an "Indian Night" for Also "Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1929- furs. "Yours Lovingly" whole church at close of study. $500,000,000 for jewels. Nov., 1931-"Two Insurgents" See Clark's Manual for instruc- $800,000,000 for cigarettes. tions. Readings from "Kiowa," by $250,000,000 for ice cream CHAPTER VI-AN INDIAN ApPROACH Isabel Crawford. 8. Public Debates. and cakes. TO GOD $100,000,000 for candies. 9. Carryon correspondence with mis- $200,000,000 for chewing gum. A itn: To face the problems and as- And from each dollar people sume the responsibility involved sionary in your own denomination. in cooperating with the Indians in have, 75 per cent of a cent goes developing a truly Christian envir- Note: "Topics" in the foregoing for the Lord's work. onment. outlines may become the basis for talks, impersonations, dramatizations, "Less than a cent, 0 keepers of gold, Topics: With houses and lands and riches un- news items, "Living Magazines" or told; 1. Truths from Indians' past; sim- "Newspapers Come to Life" (cover- Less than a cent-it cannot be ilarities to Christians' truths. ing subject matter) or any other rep- That is the way you divided with me." 2. The Indian and the Christian '. utable means of popularizing the ma- Church. terial. Dominant problems-securing an education; deep, practical SOME POINTERS FOR PRO- religious belief; health stand- GRAM MAKERS ards; self-respecting economic standards; wholesome and The First Baptist Church of sufficient recreational activi- Wichita, Kansas, has worked ties; appreciation of citizen- out its year's programs from ship and opportunity to prac- the keyword "Look," using the tise it; training of Christian Scripture theme, "Eyes they leaders. have, but see not." (Query; 3. Through brotherhood to God- Should this not be balanced Indian contribution. with a positive passage instead of resting upon a negative?) The first meeting is entitled, "A Look Forward," this being an introduction to the new offi- cers and a preview of the year's endeavor. Its motif 'is, "No man, having put his hand to the plow and looking back, is fit for the Kingdom of Heaven." The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEES HOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK WITH THE PEA PICKERS crop is one of the earliest crops Contract labor is used in By EVA BARNES, R. N. of the spring, many come from peas. A man, usually a Mexi- the cotton fields to pick and, as can or Porto Rican, will con- a result, there were about tract with the grower to pkk "Oh, I know her; she's our thirty families whom I knew in his peas. He brings in the peonurse we had while we were in the cotton and about fifteen pIe and pays them and he is cotton," and dark eyes sparkled others who had lived in cotton the "boss." Many contractors in friendly recognition as the camps in the San Joaquin Val- agree to pick peas for several well-known "Chevy" stopped ley, outside of the district in of the growers. This system before a row of twenty or which I had worked. The peo- makes it more difficult to bring twenty-five rather dilapidated pIe were surprised and very the work to the attention of the looking tents pitched on the much 'pleased to find that the grower. The growers with bank 6f a wide ravine down nurse had come to peas also. whom contact was made were which trickled a little stream This gave a certain continuity pleased with what was being of water. While the other chil- to the work started in the fall. done. Another disadvantage is dren looked at the stranger In visiting camps, it was most that the grower feels no rerather curiously and with not a interesting to find friends and sponsibility -for the people who little suspicion, Margarita, who to be welcomed by a friendly he feels belong entirely to the had migrated with her family smile and word of recognition. contractor. The latter feels that in a rickety Ford car some 175 In only one section of a camp he must make as much as posmiles from cotton to peas, were there no familiar faces sible from the people and he jumped upon the running board found. Here a large number of is not so interested in their of the car and exclaimed joy- gypsies of Roumanian-Serbian well-being. This is particularly fully, "We didn't think you'd descent had settled for the crop true this year when everyone come to peas, too, but we're season. To me they were very is trying to "get by" with the sure glad to see you .for my interesting as it was the first least possible expenditure. little brother, Juanito, the one time I had met them. They As the season lasts from four that had the awful burn and were quite distinct from their to six weeks, the camps are you took care of him 'til it was Mexican neighbors in the same only temporary, the people all well, he's got hiedra (poison camp; their brightly colored, bringing their own tents. The oak) and his face all swell up. usually of flowered material, camp site is selected in a level Look, Nurse, it all down by the full, long skirts and consider- space or along a ravine under creek where we go to get water able jewelry served to dif- the trees. The latter location and wood," and she pointed ferentiate thern at a, glance. is cooler and pleasanter, but down into the wide and shady They did not appear to be as poison oak is' found in abunravine where ten or twelve destitute as the Mexican mi- dance. Margarita's brother was other tents were pitched. grants. Their tents were larger not the only one whose "face Due to the fact that only two and made of more durable ma- was all swell up." Some had of the canneries of the Sacra- terial and they had beds and it more, some less. Many were mento Delta District opened the very elaborate bedspreads. The the calls for medicine to soothe early part of April, it was pos- gypsies also had better care. the itching and burning. _sible this spring to open a new They had come from various Many times an extra "room" work in Washington Township parts of California. Most of was built onto the tent from in Southern Alameda County, the adults were American-born. cartons, corrugated tin, old California. This region, which Their native language was pieces of lumber, etc. In some is but a short distance from the Roumanian although they did instances families lived in old San Francisco East Bay Dis- speak English fairly well. At barns which had been made trict, is becoming an increas- first they were inclined to look fairly habitable. It was rather ingly important center for the with a little suspicion on the interesting to find that the pea industry. Here many hun- nurse but when they found she better and more thrifty Mexidreds of acres of hills and low- was their friend and had come . can families who had come lands are planted with peas to help them, they were most from the cotton camps, where which are picked by means of cordial and always ready to they were accustomed to houses, migratory labor. As the pea welcome her. did manage to make enough or [499 ] had saved a little to enable time; my sister catch cold and ing in the peas is a real probthem to rent a house or build- she been very sick in the throat lem. ing which had formerly been since then," the older brother used for a barn or garage, but explained. They had been un- Wages for picking peas have which was better than a tent. able to take her to the doctor decreased greatly in the last For this they paid from five to as they had just arrived that few years .as in other seasonal ten dollars a month. Others paid day and had no money. crops. In some sections in 1930 one dollar a month for the the pickers received one dollar privilege of putting their tent Instructions were left to for a hamper which holds about in the back yard of some pri- make the little sufferer more thirty-two pounds. In 1931 they vate residence. In the regular comfortable and in a few days received thirty-five cents and camps no charge was made. All the swelling subsided and she this year only twenty cents, a camps were inspected by the was much better. few contractors paying only Housing and Immigration Com- eighteen cents. Even at that, mission and the contractors "You bring us more 'papeIi- a fairly good picker could make were forced to make the tos' (little papers) 7" a group from seventy-five cents to one camp conform with state of boys and girls asked conregulations. dollar a day and the com- "LITTLE MOTHERS" bined earnings of the fam- In the section there DOING THE I~AMILY WASHING ily were more than in cotwere about 1,200 people. The majority of these stantly. As some primary Sun- ton. As the work was were Mexicans, but there day school papers were given steady until just about the were a good many Porto out, they were seized eagerly close of the season when Ricans and a few white while one boy assured us they did not pick some American and R u s s ian proudly, "I can read; I in the days at all or for only a fa mil i e s. Eight large high fourth." The papers with few hours, there was not camps were visited regu- brightly colored pictures were the actual destitution and larly and five smaller ones carefully reserved for the sick privation there was in the occasionally, as well as children or for those who had cotton. This was due in many transient families to be "cured" in some way. great part to the weather. living in Decoto. Three Very few of the children went As long as there was hundred and one health and to school. As the season was steady work, they got forty-one other calls were made short, the schools did not want along fairly well and had throughout the season; one hun- them particularly for they dred and thirty-four patients hardly got started when they enough for necessities but little were treated and thirty-eight were gone. Most of the camps for extras. Several told me the were advised. Minor illnesses were about two and one-half children had no shoes and could such as sore throats, sore eyes, miles from the school and in not go to school. There were a colds, toothaches, swollen and in- this state no child can be forced few calls for clothes. flamed glands, intestinal dis- to go to school more than two orders, boils, poison oak and miles if transportation is not As the peas are early in this minor injuries such as cuts and provided. None of the schools section, many of the people miburns, were found and cared for. provided transportation. I fear grate from here to the coast in Skin diseases such as impetigo, that in some of the camps the the vicinity of Half Moon Bay scabies and ring worm, were contractor 'placed his 'camp just and also farther south where prevalent but cleared up under beyond the two-mile limit so he there are late peas. While only proper treatment. There were would not have to send the chil- a small beginning was made in a few cases of pneumonia. dren to school. The atten- this region this year, contact Mothers were advised as to diet dance officer said the children was made with several interfor babies, and pre-natal advice would not be allowed to pick ested groups in nearby cities and literature were given ex- during school hours, but this which will help put the work on pectant mothers. The work was rule was not adhered to. School- a more permanent footing in appreciated by the people and the future and will help to open in practically all cases they gave up new avenues of service in good cooperation. this community. Several friends from Oakland were taken to In one camp a girl was found the camps and their interest was greatly stimulated. There with a bath towel wrapped was fine cooperation between local health centers and local around her neck. She could doctors. Many new friends were scarcely speak due to a severe made and old friends found. and case of tonsilitis. "While we in practically every camp there were coming over the moun- were those whose faces lighted tains, our car break down; it up with pleasure when they was very cold in the night found "La Nurse" had followed them to peas.

W orld·'wide

~,,~~A ~ Miss~ iona~ ry N~ ewsp~ ape~ r of ~ Curr~ ent E~ ven~ ts ~~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN The steady spiritual progress Again have I become the child of an .aching heart Newspaper Evangelism among her people has not re- Four years ago there were six ceived so much attention. Dr. Carrying the burden of Japan's D. C. Holtom, a Baptist mis- crime, centers of newspaper evangel- sionary, reports from Tokyo: Begging pardon of China and of the world ism in Japan; at present there "In the presence of distress at With a shattered soul,- are thirty. Last year more than home, and abroad, the Christian Again am I .a child of sadness.

10,000 men and women, having Church has preserved a steady- Korea Keeps in Step seen the articles or advertise- ing and constructive attitude. There are some 2,600 Presbyments, wrote to inquire more In the face of the stimulation terian congregations in Korea, about Christianity. They came of the military ideal through with 160,000 or more believers. from every prefecture and col- the repercussion on the national ony in the Japanese Empire, mind -of events in Manchuria Since January reports tell of and also from China, Borneo, and Shanghai, the church has churches doubling their memand the South Seas. Many have found opportunity to uphold been baptized and are now as- with a new boldness the idea bership, new groups started, new buildings erected, an excel- lent spirit everywhere, all partsociated with a Christian con- of peace. It has been driven ly the result of the Forward gregation. There are 500 mem- by the financial urge to find Movement initiated last fall. bers of the New Life Society in new and greater resources of The Sunday School Associadirect touch by correspondence the Spirit. The 'Kingdom of with the Tokyo office. Many God Movement,' has brought tion of Korea conducts a Bible the forces of the Gospel aginteresting letters are continual- gressively into contact with Correspondence Course and ly received, telling of changed over 4,000 people have p.aid the equivalent of a day's wages for lives, and the joy of Christian hundreds of thousands of men the New Testament booklet and experience. and women throughout the questions, or two days' wages Helping Japan's Farmers land. It has undertaken a for the Old Testament. Two strong program of training lay hundred and sixty-nine men at- Five years ago Kagawa's first leaders; of re-directing the in- tended the six weeks' Bible In- "Japan Far mer's Gospel ner life through national evan- stitute in Pyengyang, all at gelistic campaigns; of bringing School" was opened. Two hun- both material and spiritual re- their own expense. Women who lief to the hard-pressed rural attend the ten-day Bible classes dred such schools are now be- communities through the pro- walk an average of ten to thirty ing held. The daily program motion of Peasant Gospel miles, some farther. They eat Schools; and of deepening the and sleep all those days in acute begins with flag-raising, to the spiritual life among the Chris- discomfort, but they take back strains of the Kimigayo, fol- into the life of their little counlowed by a hymn and prayer, breakfast dishes, a Bible lecture, and then the demonstra- tian groups themselves through try villages the thrill of the tions of agricultural experts. an intelligent program of Chris- great assembly. Heart to heart talks .on the tian education. In the total na- A magazine, Woman's Opin- tional life of Japan the leader- Christian life have resulted in ship of the Christian Church ion, proves that Korea is no some decisions. One of the stu- has never been more vigorous longer only a man's country. dents wrote: "I am joyfully re- than during the past year." membering and putting in prac- -The Presbyterian. tice what I learned at the – Watchman-Examiner. school. In the evening father, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC mother, and I sit in the warmth Kagawa's Poem on Japan's of the quilts over the brazier, Attack on China Gains in Malaya The Malaya Annual Confer- and I retell to them what I Toyohiko Kagawa wrote a ence of the Methodist Episcopal heard at the school and wrote poem entitled, "Child of an Church reported last year a net down in my notebook." Aching Heart," at the time of gain of membership of 15.7 per -Congreg(ttionaHst. the Sino-Japanese incident in cent. In the Philippine Islands, Signs of Spiritual Progress Shanghai. The poem was in-' with a decreased missionary ap- cluded in a "Peace Bulletin of propriation and a very small Japan's military adventures the Friends of Jesus" and wide- missionary staff, the reports re- have had much recent publicity. ly distributed: veal a net gain of 5,270 mem- [501 ]

bers. This brings the total sembly room, which seats 600 crisis, to be held in the Chicago members for the Singapore people, is rearranged for Sun- Temple auditorium November Area to 86,000. All the eight day, and a dignified service is 29 to December 2, 1932. This Districts are now led by Fili- made possible. Students and conference will discuss such pino pastors who have rendered faculty have contributed over topics as, The Challenge of the twenty years of constructive $5,000 toward the church of City, The Church in a Democservice. their dreams. racy, The Fight for Righteous- ness and The Church and Co- A Pastor's Courage -Women and Missions. operative Life. Speakers will include Jane Addams, Prof. Ar- The pastor of a large Meth- On the Island of Bali thur E. Holt, Rev. H. P. Dougodist Church on Mindanao, self- lass and Rev. Douglas Thornsupporting for a year, reveals No Christian missions have ton. Each day sessions will be the difficulties and blessings of been permitted on Bali, but devoted to group discussions. the present situation. about a year ago the Dutch This will not solve the city's government granted permission problem. A campaign of pray- For the month of October we have for a resident Chinese mission- er and evangelism is needed received less than $5, although the ary to preach to his own people for the regeneration of the men, spirit of the members to give is still on the island. Some have now women and children of the city. the same, or in some cases still more accepted Christ, among them strong. The amount of their gifts is two young men whose fathers Church Growth gradually decreasing because of the were Chinese and whose mothfinancial crisis. I commit all to the ers were Balinese. These young Statistics for all Churches, mercy and goodness of a loving Fath- men have witnessed to their gathered and published by the er, who is ever present in time of Balinese friends and relatives Christian Herald, gives the totrouble. Personally, I can stand this and ,a considerable number of tal Church membership for adverse situation, but my wife and pure Balinese country folk be- every decade since 1800. This children cannot stand it. There are came deeply interested in the membership has grown more trying moments when the children are Gospel, turned their backs upon rapidly than the population. In sick and we have no money for medi- their age-long belief in Hindu- 1800 reported membership was cine. All we could do in such a time ism, threw down their idols, only 6.5 per cent of the popuwas to pray and our children got well. and declared themselves believ- lation; this ratio in 1860 had The saving grace of Jesus has become ers on Jesus Christ. Twenty- reached 16.6 per cent, and toa living reality to us in our sorest six men and women who have day it stands at 40.1 per cent. need. After all, there are spiritual thus taken their stand have This does not include children lessons to learn in a seemingly trying been baptized. They are among below the age of Church memtemporal situation-to develop one's probably the first of this race bership,. except in the case of faith in God and to teach one to de- to accept Jesus as their saviour. the Roman Catholics, who estipend on God only. Many more are earnest seekers mate the entire Catholic popu- after the truth, possibly one lation. Near half of the Amer- -Missionary Herald. hundred inquirers. The work ican people are professing is spreading from village to Christians. The total gain in Silliman Student Conversions village, and notwithstanding Church membership last year very considerable opposition on was 433,656, apportioned among More than 2,500 have found the part of local Balinese coun- the principal denominations as Christ in Silliman Institute and try officials, these Christians follows: Baptists, 139,526; Luhave dedicated their lives to are becoming more established therans, 49,931; Methodists, Him. They are scattered over and are witnessing wherever 46,225; Presbyterian, 16,676 ; the Islands and in other lands. they go. Roman· Catholics, 15,243. The Thirty-one are in the ministry; Disciples of Christ showed a twenty-three are preparing for -The Pioneer. loss of 4,477, ,and the Congreit. Besides the twenty teaching gationalists of 736. in Silliman, sixteen are teach- NORTH AMERICA ing in other schools where the A Call for Prayer Bible is taught. Two are phy- A City ~hurch Conference sicians and five are nurses in A seri.es of meetings held in mission hospitals; five are in The modern city is the center Philadelphia a few months ago the service of the Y. M. C. A. of vice and lawlessness; it is to consider the great need for Usually the year begins with a also the place of great need and a spiritual revival resulted in third of the 900 students al- of great religious activity. The the adoption of the following ready evangelical Christians committee on the City and New "Call to Prayer" : and ends with about half the Americans of the Home Misstudent body as church mem- sions Council and the Council Great evils have come upon us bebers. of Women for Home Missions cause we have forgotten God. . is arranging for an interdenom- For thirty years Silliman has inational conference on the city Evil times are upon us, but it may had no church building-a seri- and the church in the present please God to send revival, since He ous handicap, for it is difficult says, "If my people which are called to create a worshipful atmosphere on Sunday morning in a room where everything suggests the secular associations of the week. To offset this the as-

OUR WORLD-WIDE,9UTLOOK

by My name shall humble themselves, day school to set apart some Japanese Woman's Home and p,ray and seek My face, and turn of the farm land, or certain In and around Seattle there from their wicked way: then will I farm animals, and at the har- are about 8,000 Japanese, of hear from Heaven, and will forgive vest season sell the produce or whom more than 1,000 are their sin and heal their land" (2 the animals and give the pro- Christians, and 400 are mem- ceeds to the church. Those who bers of the Baptist Church. The Chron.7:14). have been in the plan state that Japanese Woman's Home, the There is a bankruptcy of hum,an it has three outstanding results: oldest Christian center in this first, that contributions have area, has three departments : leadership in all fields. The situation been increasing; second, that it church, kindergarten and womin the world is desperate and beyond provides training in stewardthe control of men. It may grow worse ship; third, that there are val- an's home. rapidly unless there is supernatural uable spiritual results – that Bible reading and hymn sing- people acquire new attitudes tointervention. ward. the earth and are striving ing is carried on in Japanese The supreme need of the hour is a more zealously to make it holy. homes, with Japanest men and women as co-workers, testifyg?-"eat spiritual awakening like the re- -Watchman-Examiner. ing, praying, and doing acts of vlVal under the Wesleys in the Eight- kindness for Christ's sake with McBeth Mission Closes the joy of service shining in eenth century which saved England from the horrors of the French Revo- their faces. lution. Such movements have ,always been prepared by a widespread force of prayer, as in the thousands of prayer groups that were formed in Wesley's time.

We therefore earnestly appeal to Christians everywhere to forsake their sins and to return to the sim- Mis,S Mary Margaret Craw- Western Canada's Children plicity of Bible faith. We appeal to Christians individually to pr,ay more ford, known to her friends as Over 8,000 children are enearnestly for revival within the rolled in the Bible Memory Con- Church, and to form prayer groups "Miss Maizie," after 33 years test operated in four provinces for united intercession. in rural Western Canada by the on the field in McBeth Mission Canadian Sunday School Mis- We suggest the following to meet for Nez Per~e Indians at Lap- sion of Winnipeg. In one place the nearest church is 135 miles the special needs of the various classes wai, Idaho, has retired. As the away. This mission has over a of each community: hundred Sunday schools in ru- whole faculty of a theological ral communities where a few 1. Groups of women, meeting in years ago there were none. Last one and another's homes, daily or seminary for Nez Per~es, summer they held 76 summer weekly, at some convenient hour dur- Makahs, and Spokanes, Miss schools of two-week periods where many children accepted ing the day. Crawford has borne the respon- Christ as their Saviour. Boys 2. Cottage prayer meetings in sibility of training Indian ap- and girls who have memorized homes in the evening to be held each Scripture in the contests for week. plicants for the ministry since two years are eligible for a 1915, when her aunt, Miss Kate Bible Correspondence Course of 3. Weekly prayer meetings for 52 lessons, with questions to be McBeth, died and left the answered and returned for coryoung people. rection. Radio evangelism each Sunday from November to 4. Daily or weekly pr,ayer meetings unique work in her niece's April is another ministry of for business men at the noon-hour in the center of the city. hands. In addition to this she the mission. Also, summer carried on a many-sided com- camps for children and ~or ru- 5. Prayer group,s of ministers and ral school teachers. A total of church officers on Saturday night; and munity program which included 80 workers were engaged last of ministers with each other. year, most of them volunteers. religious work in the govern- Christians are asked to pray ment tuberculosis sanitorium, and work for the formation of courses in domestic arts and thousands of small groups, not sciences and music, and instrucwaiting to be invited, but tak- tion of Indian communities in ing the initiative. When the , politics and citizenship. spiritual movement comes then McBeth mission, including the spiritual, social and finan- the seminary for the training cial distress of our day will be of Nez Per~e, Makah and Spokhealed. . ane Indians, will be closed this Send the name and address of one member summer. This action was takof a prayer group to the Great Commission en by the Board of National Prayer League, 808 North LaSalle Street, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian cago.

Lord's Acre Movement Church in the belief that the LATIN AMERICA Nez Per<;e Indians have out- Seventy churches, represent- grown "the milk of the Gos- Cause for Optimism ing seven religious bodies in pel," as Paul puts it, and as western North Carolina, are co- Christians are ready for as- The Rev. G. A. Riggs writes operating this year in' the sum p t ion of .responsibilities in a recent Watchman-Exam- "Lord's Acre Movement." The that are at once the obligation iner: plan, originated several years and the privilege of maturity. Baptist work in Puerto Rico conago by the Baptists of Georgia, The six Nez Per~e churches" tinues to prosper. In spite of the crowded condition of our buildings, is being promoted by the Farm- under Board of National Mis- our Sunday schools not only hold their sions are pastored by six fine attendance, but increase. For more ers Federation. The churches Indian ministers, trained in the than a month the average attendance cooperating asked each member seminary. of the church and of the Sun- of the Rio Piedras Sunday school has

been well ahove 500; with about as Evangelical Influence is pioneering among Indians in many more in Barrio Sunday school, the Beni region and preaching for which this church is responsible. Of the twenty republics con- and distributing the Scriptures In most of our churches there is op- stituting what is known as Lat- throughout Bolivia. The Irish timism and enthusiasm in spite of the in America, not one is without Baptist Foreign Mission workpinch of poverty and reduced pay- evangelical schools. In most ing at Rosario, a city of half a ments on pastors' salaries. Enforced cases, their students have come million people in the Argentine, lowered appropriations fr.om the Home from social strata not reached has planted six vi go r 0 u s Mission Society has left six of our by the evangelistic arm of the churches. Fifty were recently smaller churches pastorless, but in all missions, but they have been a baptized. The mission is piobut one case the work goes forward. silent, persistent force for neering into Southern Peru, righteousness, the Bible and its where the scattered people can Progressive Women teachings have been exalted in only be reached by continual the lives of their Christian evangelism. The Inland South Puerto Rican women are im- teachers, and untold thousands America Missionary Union is porta}:,!. .factors in the religious of young men and women have reaching Indians and others by life of<t~ 1::. island. Although learned of Christ and have tried means of a launch in Iquitos they lead~ery busy lives they to follow him in their own lives. district, Peru, also the Bororo find time to visit the sick and Indians, Brazil, and those at needy, to carry to them spirit- A testimonial to Mackenzie San Roque, Argentine. The Salual comfort, cheer and practical College in Sao Paulo, Brazil, vation Army has decided to help, as funds permit. A proj- written by a Latin American, send a mission to work among ect now in process of develop- might well be said of other the ticket-of-leave men at the ment by the women is that of evangelical schools: French convict settlements in doing something to give to the French Guiana, Ile Royale, Ile needy aged in Puerto Rico their A great change has c.ome over us St. Joseph and Devil's Island. proper place and care. In some in Sao Paulo. We have found that 4,000 convicts are here engaged places school children are to be religious thought is perfectly com- in hard labor in lumber camps. asked to each give one penny patible with scientific thought. You The Union Seminanr at Buenos for starting a fund, which may people at Mackenzie do not parade Aires, the Training Center at lead to the establishment of a your religion, but you have it, .and Azul, Argentine-in the joint home for these unfortunates. make it felt, and stand for it on any interests of the Evangelical suitable occasion; and you are doing Union of South America, and Temperance programs have the best scientific training that is be- the Christian and Missionary formed another part of the ing done in Brazil today. Weare Alliance of America-and the women's responsibility, and a convinced that incompatibility of sci- Training College of the Latin civic organization known as entific thought is with a certain type American Evangelization Cam- Mujeres Votantes (V 0 tin g of religious thought, and not neces- paign in Costa Rica, are doing Women) is doing much to pre- sarily with Christianity. You can this work of training. pare women for their coming safely say to any intelligent audience responsibility of suffrage by in Sao Paulo today that God the Creholding night schools to reduce ator is the Governor from whom, by the illiteracy which debars whom and to whom all things pertain, Puerto Rican women from vot- without exciting a sneer on the part ing.-Women and Missions. of the thoughtful men.

Adverse Situation in Mexico -Presbyterian Banner.

Mexico's measures to curb re- Cooperation in Latin America EUROPE ligious bigotry are becoming more drastic. While not direct- Coordination of evangelical British Methodist Union ed against Protestant missions, these .are suffering the conse- forces in Latin America in or-. The Wesleyan Methodists, the quences of the struggle. No der to evangelize untouched re- Primitive Methodists and the Bible study may now be con- gions is being promoted by the United Methodists, the three ducted in school, no minister, Latin American Fellowship. A largest bodies of the Methodist either Mexican or American, conference representing work in name in Great Britain, have may teach any religious subject, Spain and Portugal, and its re- formed a plan of union to go and not even grace may be lated activities in Latin Amer- into effect on September 20. asked at meals. According to ica, will contribute to the gen- Representatives of the three the Mexican Constitution all er:al scheme of coordination. bodies will meet in Albert Hall real estate owned by any relig- The Evangelical Union of South and declare the three churches ious organization becomes at America is seeking to put all its to be one, the terms and condionce the property of the government. A new law in Mexico work on an indigenous basis, tions of the union having al- City and its vicinity prohibits anyone from preaching in and pioneer efforts in Argen- ready been approved by the remore than one locality. -Record of Christian Work. tine and in the Sao Francisco spective Conferences. The united Valley in Brazil will apply and church will be the largest Non- develop these principles. Re- conformist communion in Great markable meetings and many Britain.

conversions followed weeks of On doctrinal standards, no special prayer at Sao Paulo, change is admitted, but the Act Brazil. of Parliament under which the The Bolivian Indian Mission union is authorized empowers

OUR WORLD-WID~..oUTLOOK

the new church to change its A mer i can Congregational their pastors. Beggars are co.nstitution to meet changing churches and missio.n stations, tramping from village to vil- conditions, sho.uld that be neces- and in Bulgaria forty churches lage. Along the Volga the cases sary. There is every indication and mission stations with a to.- of death by starvation increase.

that the union will be affected tal membership of 5,000, and Men, who are compelled to de- witho.ut the loss o.f a single 3,000 children in the Sunday vour the carcasses of fallen ani- church or minister. schools. A revival of these mals, have nothing to offer pas- The German National Church churches would bless 650,000 tors. Moslems in Bulgaria. In Al- There is also a dearth of The German Evangelical Lu- bania, Kortcha is of prime imtheran Church, with its 40,000,- houses. Pastors are compelled 000 members, is the largest portance, where the American to ask for shelter of any colsingle Pro.testant church gro.up. onist who. will grant it. Most Thro.ugh -all the succeeding po.- Mission is at work. An evanlitical and so.cial upheavals it gelical revival here, in view of men are afraid of ' .lg exhas remained substantially in- the present impressionable con- cluded from the Cok. ~~IVe or o.f tact. Furthermo.re, by forming sharing the fate of the exiled an "Evangelical Church Feder- ditio.n of Albania, would reach kulaks. In many instances a ation" it is endowed with more than half a million Mos- pastor must leave in order to avoid bringing further persecu- lems-half the entire popula- tion. In northern Albania there tion upon those who have be- are 169,000 Greek Orthodox strengthened resistance to anti- Christians and in the south friended him. religio.us currents, of which 118,000 Roman Catholics, but there has been no. lack. Most they have no evangelizing initia- Evangelical Conference in Spain dangerous and comprehensive is tive. Friendly relations be- Convened by the Evangelical at present the mo.vement of the tween Turkey and Greece are Spanish Alliance, the Confer- Go.dless which hand in hand drawing together Serbs, Bul- ence of Evangelical Churches with socialistic communism is garians and Rumanians. being pro.mulgated by Russia in took place in Madrid from May every po.ssible way. In the face 3 to 4. This conference was of this, tbe Go.spel is making itself felt. Home Missions, with Church News from Russia composed of representatives of their hundreds of ho.spitals, the According to the Evangelical practically all the Protestant Pressedienst, the evangelical denominations in Spain. Matters under consideration tens of thousands of deacons churches are fighting for their referred to the project of the and deaco.nesses are carrying life in Russia. The Lutheran law governing confessions and on their services o.f mercy. Fo.r- Church has a seminary in Len- religious congregations that are eign Missio.ns have no.t o.nly re- ingrad from which twelve to to be presented to the Cortes sumed work since the War, they fifteen young men were to grad- Constituyentes. have continued without serio.us uate in June. This seems to Various propositions w ere curtailment. give promise for the future but, made to give unity to all the As to spiritual vitality, the under the pressure of the ter- forces of Evangelical Christiandisappearance o.f a number o.f rorism which has been going ity in Spain. There was manischo.ols of tho.ught, such as His- on for years, church life is fested a tendency to group not to.ricism, Biblicism, Psycho.log- threatened even more than merely under the name of a ism, has been fo.llo.wed by a under the violent measures in federation, but under that of a genuine Luther Renaissance. In force hereto.fore. church which shall be known as the front line, there stands the Death and banishment have "The Evangelical Church of Schoo.l o.f "Dialectic Theo.logy," reduced the number of Luthunder the leadership of Karl eran pastors to forty. These Spain." The Conference elected five Barth. Its aim is to. regain a are divided over the colonies persons to constitute a provicentral position for the great along the Volga, the Ukraine, sional executive committee of o.bjective facts o.f the salvation, Caucasia, and the congregations the above-named church. This the redemptio.n of the world in the cities-a terribly small committee has already begun wro.ught by the incarnation of number. Thirty pastors and the preliminary work on the the Godhead, as applied to theo- leaders of congregations are important task. logical and ecclesiastical work. pining away in prisons or are -Espana Evangelica.

JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin. worked to death in the lumber camps of Siberia – a living Strengthening Lines in Balkans death. AFRICA Anti-Missionary Agitation The strengthening of evan- It is very difficult to place gelical religion in the Balkans young graduates. Only two or _ A storm of fanatical opposi- at the present juncture of af- three of the congregations are tion to Christianity has swept fairs is extremely important as in a position to receive pasto.rs over E gyp t the past few a means of appro.ach to the because of poverty. Many vil- mo.nths. It centered abo.ut a numerous Moslem populations. lages are utterly unable to pro- young man who became inter- In Czechoslovakia there are 132 vide even a bit of bread for ested in Christianity while at

the American University, Cairo. Rebuilding An Important Post Men, women, and children shouting, scuffling, reeking with rancid palm oil Subsequently he attended a In Abyssinia, the present -this unsavory mass of misery kin g has returned to the thrusts knives, spe,ars, dead fish, an- Bible School, and being over Church Missions to the Jews cient meat, live chickens· or ducks as eighteen years of age, and le- the fine old mission station of presents to the medical boy assistants gally entitled to think for him- Kobela, which was devastated in the hope of immediate treatment. during the Abyssinian cam- After relative quiet and order was self, he became a convinced paign under King Theodore in attained by the huge, black engineer Christian. His father, a big- 1863. For many years it has Ekeba and his wood carriers, the served as a chief rallying post women were first examined, their oted Moslem sheikh, and, more- for brigands. Although the names and tribes being registered and over, a notable magician, whom walls of the huts have tumbled their fees taken. Then c.ame the men's down, and the place is over- turn. At one .0'c1ock the medical boys, even highly educated men fear, grown with shrubs and thorns, utterly weary, covered with dirt, palm immediately appealed to the po- the missionaries are planning to oil, and worse, returned to the Oregon lice, ·t,o arrested the boy. The rebuild slowly this important to snatch sleep until 5 a. m. when they case w< brought into court, center for work among the would go ashore to give the treatand the boy was eventually Falasha Jews. ments. The injections were made at handed back for "protection" to the rate of one every two minutes or, -Alliance Weekly. for both boys, sixty an hour. They his father. worked quietly, never slackening in This incident was immedi- spite of growing weariness.

ately taken up and enlarged This treatment is so effective upon by the Arabic press, and bitter attacks upon mission work in general ensued. Reso- New Openings in Nigeria that the infective stage has allutions were drawn requiring most entirely disappeared from active propaganda for the faith Nsukka in the Niger Diocese the radius of the Bolenge hos- (Islam), to launch a virulent was the last district of the Ibo pital. Cases which appear are Arabic press campaign, to stim- tribe to remain unevangelized. from a distance. It is interestulate the circulation of anti- Bishop Lasbrey, of the C. M. S., ing to learn that practically all missionary literature, and to went there for the first time in the work of this hospital, save stir the government against 1930 and found a large pagan where white people are under mission schools and missionary population and a sprinkling of treatment, is done by native as" activity in general. However, Moslems. Some of the older sistants, the doctor keeping in missionaries rep 0 r t a wide- Ibo congregations on hearing the background as instructor spread spirit of inquiry among of the need raised £150 for mis- and counselor. Some forty-four sionary effort, and teachers thousand treatments are given enlightened Moslems.

were sent to five or six towns. annually.

New Y. M. C. A. in Assiut In January, four new stations Dr. J. Quay, an American were opened in hitherto un- Forward in Central Africa Y. M. C. A. secretary in Egypt, touched villages. Some churches Vigorous for war d action writes of the new Assiut Y. M. have had to be enlarged and a marks the work of the Africa C. A. building and grounds: large number of inquirers have Inland Mission. New station sites now secured in the Bel- "Nine years ago thirteen been enrolled. Ibo Christians gian Congo permit an advance young Egyptians decided they have provided funds for two among 100,000 or even half a ought to found a modern Y. M. teachers in the Nsukka area, million Azande people and will C. A. Most of the thirteen are while the Awka church has pro-· facilitate the evangelization of still in Assiut and prominent in vided £20 for the present year 40,000 in the Ruwenzori area. business, official or professional and £20 for 1933, to support The Pygmies in the Belgian life. They form the backbone another teacher.

of the Committee of Manage- Medical Ministry on the Congo Equatorial forest are also being ment. There is an acre and a taught. Tanganyika Territory half of land in the very heart The Disciples Mission in the reports great encouragement of the growing residential sec- Congo has a steamer, the "Ore- from the stations at Mwanza tion of the city. The new build- gon," whose ministry is the in- and Buduke, which were opened ing has an auditorium, smaller jection of Neosalvarsan for last year. Tanganyika has prorooms for office, library, dis- yaws and syphilis at points all duced a gifted African transcussion rooms, billiards, ping along the river Ubangi, tribu~ lator who has already finished pong and cafe. It cost $22,500 tary of the Congo. The ap- Genesis and Exodus in the Kesiand every cent of it was raised pearance of the boat is the sig- kumu language which have in Assiut. Current operating nal for announcing by drum, to been printed at the mission expenses have come too from the people along the river and press. Tabora, largest town in Egyptian sources, and all in the in .the interior that an oppor- Tanganyika, is to have a Mo-: midst of terrible financial de- tunity is at hand for ridding ravian church, composed of conpression. The founders say they themselves of these terrible verted heathen. In Kenya, fol-: are now ready to do something scourges. The Congo Mission lowing a second survey of unconstructive. News pictures the scene: reached tribes, work is under

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

way, with native Nandi and ly to a positive Christian ap- Easter and Whitsunday and the Kamasia Christians assisting. A proach to Jews and Moham- days of St. Chrysostomus and bill to amend the native mar- medans. riage ordinance is before the Saint Barbara. Among their sacred books they enumerate Kenya Legislature. African United Jewish Missionary Con- the Torah, the Psalter, the Goswomen wedded according to na- pel of Christ and the Koran. tive custom may have Christian ference They have never been on good marriage, and thereby they ob- A United Jewish Missionary terms with the orthodox Mostain the status of legal majority Conference of Palestine, was lems and of late have shown' and cease to be chattels. A held on Mount Carmel, April much friendliness to the Chris- Christian widow, not her pagan 20-22, 1932, and the following tians living in their country.

relatives, will have custody of recommendations were made: Recently a deputation of Alaher children. The intention is Literature: That a Literature Com- uites appeared among the Cathto preserve the Christian moth- mittee be appointed to produce litera- olic Sisters of the Sacred Heart er's influence over her children. ture suitable for indifferent and The Depression in Africa agnostic Jews, and also for young peo- of Jesus and Mary at Safita and asked to join the Christian ple. The Chairman conveyed an of- faith. This visit resulted in a fer from the S. P. C. K. Council to The depression has reached consider any applications for help that movement toward the Catholic the heart of Africa. Unemploy- faith and a number of vilment is a great and bitter prob- might be submitted to them from the lages have already become Cathlem not only in this country, U.J. M. C. olic. but in the huts of Katanga -Die-Katholischen Missionen. Province, Belgian Congo. Dr. Methods of Approach: The question John M. Springer, writing un- as to whether evangelistic work is Missionary Cooperation more productive of spiritual results than institutional work was discussed and the Conference decided that each was obviously complementary to th~ der date of April 7, 1932, says other. American Board work in Turthat in that mining district The presentation of the simple Gos- key began in 1819, with the "the natives had become quite original purpose of helping all accustomed to the industrial pel message by lip and life was ad- races in that country. More and town life, to good wages, v,ocated as the most sure method of and more it has concentrated and, for them, high living, when approach to every class of Jew, al- upon the Armenians and Greeks, suddenly the tide turned and though it was pointed out that a resulting in a strong, evangeli:- the urban population of whites knowledge of Jewish literature, his- cal church. Oppressive politiand natives has been dimin- tory .and language was an invaluable cal conditions caused many of ished by more than half. Many equipment for the Jewish missionary. the leaders to migrate to Amerthousands of natives have been Tribute was paid to the work of J ew- ica, where they have formed sent back to their villages; the ish missionaries in the past and then, Armenian – speaking churches. wages for all remaining are as now, it was recognized that the Some twenty years ago the greatly reduced, and many only means of winning a Jew was Armenian Missionary Associaskilled and once highly-paid na- by the way of friendship and love, tion of America was formed, tives have no income what- and it w.as suggested that prayer, the its purpose being to further ever." Could anything show greatest of all methods, had not yet missionary activities among the more plainly that the world is been tried to the full. Armenians scattered in every one, and that we dwellers here, whatever our color, location, or Alauites Giving Up Islam land. job, live a common life? About six years ago leaders North of the Lebanon is the -Christian Advoc,ate. state of the Alauites, one of the in the Armenian Missionary four mandatory regions of Association of America sug- French sovereignty in Syria. In a r 0 ugh mountain district, reaching as far as the border of New Turkey, 200,000 people gested the p 0 s sib iIi t y of live under the rule of their strengthening the whole work WESTERN ASIA sheikhs and subsist by tending through closer cooperation with their flocks and farming their the American Board. This was Y. W. C. A. in Haifa A new branch of the Y. W. land. brought about by forming, in C. A. has just been opened in They are known as a Mo- 1927, the Executive Council of Haifa, Palestine. The branch hammedan sect, a branch of the Armenian Missions, made up of includes a hostel, club room fa- Shiites, the followers of Ali, the representatives of the Armecilities, offices and an employ- son-in-law of Mohammed. Their nian Missionary Association of ment bureau. This center in religion is a curious mixture of America and the American Haifa where there are so many pagan, Mohammedan and Chris- Board, thus creating a unique girls of Jewish, Mohammedan tian elements. They think they form of missionary cooperation. and Christian faiths can render are descendants of the Cru-' Armenian Protestant churches a unique service in revealing saders and celebrate mass at in America number only thirtythe true Christian spirit to all night, offering wine and incense five, of which only eight are girls served and, in so doing, and calling upon the name of self-supporting. will be able to contribute great- Jesus. They observe Christmas, -Congregationalist.

Youth Service in Isfahan ~ional ~sset of which they must take I went there twenty-five years ago. mcreasmg account in the building of A Youth Service was organ- the new India. Today there are over ten times that number, 83,000 Christians. When I ized last winter in Isfahan by young converts who invited Twenty-five years ago Dr. left the District thirteen years ago young people to come and hear Mott addressed the students at young speakers tell what Christ Allahabad for four days with- there was scarcely a caste Christian •had done for them. Persian out daring to mention the name in it. Now, the outstanding feature .. hymns were sung to Persian of Christ. On the last day at of our work there is this incoming of tunes and the four addresses the close of his address' he the caste people. were by Armenians and con- spoke of Christ; within five verts from Islam, all connected minutes the hall was empty. At I am fully persuaded, after seeing with Stuart Memorial College. Agra, Dr. Jones spoke in a The meeting was an effort to cro~de.d hal~, night after night, hundreds of these caste people and link the college more closely begmnmg WIth Christ and talk- baptizing many of them that two wit~ ~he church. A group of main m.otives explain the'movement. ChnstIan young women said ing of nothing else, yet the peo- The religion of their fathers no long- that they, too, would welcome ple crowded in, listened for er grips them; their gods are not an opportunity to witness for hours and seemed loathe to go. merely dead, they have become ri- Christ. Near the close of the meetings in every place it was asked diculous; no Indian can remain long Life Among the Loors that only those come who really without a God to worship. Here comes wanted to find God, and the in the second motive. As one man put it: "I have seen for years the children halls were filled, as before. of your outc.aste villages laughing and Dr. Jones· observes more happy. Because we have seen what skepticism than in all his pre- Christianity can do with the people vious 25 years in India-honest that Hinduism has no use for, we skepticism, which acts as a come to you. We want a religion purgative from superstition. In- that can make good people .out of bad dia is intent on the intense quest people." for some new power to remould -Dnyanodaya. Dr. Joseph W. Cook, Presby- character. Hindu Christians terian missionary at Htyapmhuasdain~ Persia, who died of An S. P. G. missionary writes of a sect called Hindu Chris- January, 1932, wrote for the tians, and a conversation he had held with one of their lead- Presbyterian Magazine an ac- ers. "I have never before had the opportunity for such a free count of a trip he made to Looristan, a place practically blank on even the best maps of Persia. Its people are earnest Mohammedans according to A Triumph of Christian Living discussion, and to know how their lights, living under most The 1931 census report of this sect has developed. They primitive conditions. Modern 12,000 new disciples of Christ accept the whole of our Bible every month for the past ten but keep their form of worship education and modern medicine years shows the triumph of to what it was in our Lord's Christ-like I i v i n g . In the time. Hence they keep the Passhave never touched them. One Andhra territory of the Telugu over, Feast of Tabernacles, the country there have been well Sabbath. They are building small grade school in a district over 22,000 caste people led to themselves a new place of wor- become disciples of Christ dur- ship, on the lines of the Temple of 75,000 people is the only ing the past five years, and an at Jerusalem. They have a very observer explains that the chief strict discipline among themeducational facility. TdhireecLtoodres~ factor in winning caste people selves, and open and individual like the Kurds, are is what Christianity has done confession is made in the pres- scendants of the ancient Medes.

Sheep, cattle and chickens share the tents with people. Women ma~ry at eight or ten, lose four babIes for everyone that lives.

INDIA AND BURMA for the outcasts. The Wesleyan ence of the congregation. They Mission in Hyderabad reports: tithe absolutely all their posses- "In spite of the bitterest per- sions and income, hence they India in Transition are very rich. Excommunica- secution there is no sign of the tion is practised, and it is a real After a series of evangelistic movement abating. . . We re- discipline. Baptism is adminis- joice to record 7,234 caste bap- tered after a person is eighteen meetings, Dr. E. Stanley Jones tisms since the first fourteen writes in The Indian Witness: This has been by far the best year were baptised. . . 1,400 in the years of age. They have twelve I have ever sp~nt in India, though past year… The bitter enmity elders, and by lot one is chosen by all outward SIgnS this should have to administer baptism, another been otherwise. F.or the first time I of many of the village headmen felt that I was dealing with real is- and wealthy landowners has the Last Supper, another to sues and that India was ready to face preach, and another to read the them with me. There has been that been a terrible test for many of Scripture. These hold the office sense of facing things together. The the new converts. . ." for lifetime, and are also excoming possibility of self-government The Rev. G. E. Hickman has sobered India. She is not now Johnson, after a few years' ab- pected to be teachers, for which merely taking the role of the critic they are paid. They do no she is beginning to take account of sence from Hyderabad, his for- evangelistic work. Their wom- mer field of labor, writes: en only marry one of themher resources with which she has to face the future. Men are now be- Eight thousand was the number of ginning to feel that Christ is a na- Christians in Hyderabad State when selves, but men marry outside,

and the woman is admitted to ment and exiled to Ratnagiri. for his circle of from fifteen to the community." Being a Chitpavan Brahman, twenty villages which he visits -The Mission Field. the highest of the high, he soon regularly from month to month. Hindu-Moslem Riots became the religious leader of The church membership list in Rioting between Hindus and Ratnagiri. About two years this field has now passed the Moslems is not an everyday oc- ago this man began a move- 5,000 mark with the addition of currence in India. In most places in India where the fol- ment to inaugurate intercaste the 422 reported this year. This lowers of the two religions live dining. He made a dinner and growth is gratifying to all. close together the happiest of invited members of the differ- friends of foreign missions in– relationships exist, and no riots are ever known to have oc- ent castes, outcastes, Moham- South India. curred. This fact is lost sight of by people in other lands medans and others to dine with – Watchman-Examiner. when the newspapers report on him. Many from the different the outbreak of a rioting in some one place, and they imag- castes accepted the invitation, Evangelism in South India ine that all over India there is some sort of civil war going on and Brahmans, outcastes and Evangelism has had a sucbetween the Hindus and Mos- others sat down and dined to- cessful year in South India lems. where with two exceptions the gether. It was decided to make largest ingathering in the his- Church Union Movement it a monthly affair, and for tory of the Baptist mission is some five months, the group recorded. Typical of many re- The Church Union Movement ports is that of the veteran has taken one step further by came together and dined, with- missionary, Rev. W. A. Stanton, the "general assent" given to of Kurnool, who writes: the South India Scheme of Un- out any caste restrictions. This ion, by the General Council of seemed to be a remarkable for- In November the people in one of the Church of India, Burma the largest Madira hamlets on this and Ceylon, formerly known as ward step. After five of these field with more than 100 houses sent the Church of England in In- dinners, a list giving the names word that they wanted to become dia. The scheme will now be of the Brahmans who had inforwarded to the Diocesan Councils (constituent bodies of terdined, was published in a lothe General Council) for dis- cal paper. Some months later cussion and report. If the scheme is not modified mate- we read in a local paper of the Christians. For more than thirty rially, this Church will be ready annual visit of the Chief Priest years we had preached the Gospel in to act in 1935, provided the of Hinduism for the territory, that village, but the hearts of the other two negotiating Churches who has to do especially with people were as hard as the stones of also make up their minds finally. The United Church will the purity of Hindui~m. He old Kurnool. We sent a preacher and accept the Episcopal form of called the interdining Brah- finally went and spent two days church government, without mans before him and notified among them, having the great joy of subscribing to any theory of them that they had been exepiscopacy. The conscience of baptizing thirty-two people. Further North India is also being report comes that the whole palem is stirred and conferences and now ready for baptism. There seems committees on church union are the order of the day, but the communicated and in order to to be a wide-spread awakening among movement there will mark time the outcastes on this field. In one viluntil the issue is settled in return to Hinduism they would lage twenty miles from Kurnool nine South India. be required to perform praya- converts had returned to their homes schit, atonement, or forever re- Intercaste Dining and had started a school, called a main outcastes. As no one was teacher from another village to show "About eight years ago," them what to do, and were rebuilding writes Rev. A. L. Wiley of the willing to remain outside of the ruined walls of an old house for Presbyterian Mission, "a man a church. When the missionaries arwho had been convicted of po- Hinduism, the s e Brahmans, rived they proudly showed what they litical murder and sentenced to among them lawyers, doctors, life imprisonment, was released after sixteen years imprison- business men, etc., came for- had done and reported thirteen of' ward and performed prayaschit, their neighbors ready for baptism.

which means that each, in turn, The Will to Do in Burma ate a mixture made up of the In spite of distressing eco- five products of the cow." nomic conditions the Karen peo- Preaching Band ple are supporting their work, though on a reduced scale, of Ninety-one villages were vis- course. We have fourteen acres ited by Dr. W. A. Stanton and of land for the school com- his band of faithful preachers pound, and we are getting it on tour early this year. The cleared of the jungle growth.

Kurnool field, South India, cov- The churches are apportioning ers a territory three times the the work bringing lime, sand, size of Rhode Island, and has pebbles for concrete, timber for a population of more than 400,- roofs, floors and interior walls.

000. The band traveled 500 These are all contributions miles and preached to thou- , from individuals and churches.

sands of Sudras, who gave Some will send men to give eager and attentive hearing. free labor. One or two men Every pastor in this area is an have promised to send ele- evangelist, and is responsible phants to help pull out the

stumps when they have been condemn the scourge of war but .ac- practice. In eight years not a undercut. How really happy the tively to support the movement for people are in this planning! the outlawry of war that the relations single doctor for the district of of men may be builded upon other and Shanghai. So much to do. So C. L. KLEIN, Schwegyin. more secure foundations. very few to do it. So very few – Watchman-Examiner. In the political world the founda- willing to make the venture for Baptist Assembly at Maymayo tions of security are the rule of law and the sanctity of covenants, of Christ's sake. Where is the an- The Burma Baptist Assem- which warlike acts are the negation. swer? (Rev.) HOLLIS S. SMITH, In the spiritual world the foundations Changshu, Kiangsu.

of peace are living stones, men of Many Opportunities bly at Maymayo this year was sincerity and good will who will make the machinery of law and treaties more completely in charge of work. We invite all who read these The suffering in China has Burman and Karen leaders than words to join us in turning to the influenced more people to atever before. One new feature cr,oss of Christ, that we may be for- given Jor all our pride and folly and tend Church and to turn to rewas the introduction of a course inspired to follow in His steps, and in ligion as a means of comdesigned to help teachers who llnceasing prayer and effort at what- fort. Though services are not are responsible for Bible teach- ever cost to maintain .and strengthen ing in the schools. About 60 the foundations of security and peace. crowded, there is a considerable received this special training. Other efforts are being made A Friendlier Spirit increase in attendance over last both at the college and at Ran- year. Anti-Christian feeling goon to raise the standard of "One of the most significant religious' education, to make the achievements of the past year does not seem to exist, or at experience of Christ by men of has been the bringing about of least it is entirely submerged twenty centuries real to the closer relationships and coop- for the present. younger Christians. About 200 eration between the Christian delegates were in attendance at Student Movement and our Truth Hall, a Presbyterian the Assembly. Church," writes Rev. A. R. Kep- ler, missionary at Shanghai, mission school which is regis- -Paul Braisted. China. Three years ago the tered with the Chinese govern- ment, has so many students that it is necessary to hold as- sembly out of doors. Large numbers of lay workers in the Siam Situation slogan of the Christian Student churches are spending a great Movement was "Exalt Christ! deal of time in voluntary evan- The Presbyterian Missiona- Down with the Church!" At a gelistic work. More than 5,000 ries have always enjoyed the recent national conference of people at a country fair, confriendly cooperation of the the Christian Student Move- ducted by Christian workers, royal house of Siam. The late ment at Peiping, the prevailing heard the Gospel message. king, in his earlier days, gave purpose was "Cooperation with his own title to the mission col- the Church!" An Active Christian Lawyer lege at Chiengmai, naming it Is the Church Short of Faith? ·Dr. Sherwood Eddy in em- ' the Prince Royal's College. The phasizing that Christianity is present king attended the exer- I am well aware that the China's only hope, tells in the cises celebrating the centennial Church is short of money. No Missionary Herald of a Chrisof Christian work in Siam in one knows that better than the tian lawyer, Mr. Gong, who 1928 and spoke appreciatively mISSIOnary. But is the Church has personally won forty-two and encouragingly of it. In ad- short of faith? In spite of our friends to accept Christ. Durdition, their majesties have troubles here in China, and ing a week of meetings in Foomade gifts of money to the they are many, there never was chow, attended by 4,000 stu- Presbyterian Mission in Siam, a greater opportunity to bring dents a day, Mr. Gong, with in recognition of what is being these people to Christ. Sick at the consent of judges and feldone for their subjects. he art, disillusioned, harried low lawyers, called off all his CHINA from pillar to post by famine, law cases for the week, giving floods, and war, with no hope or his entire time to the meetings. National Christian Council faith in anything, these peo- To one single meeting he ple are only waiting for the brought fifty lawyers. During Denounces War Great Deliverer. the week he brought three hun- Dr. C. Y. Cheng, General Our seminaries at home are dred different persons. He or- Secretary of the National Chris~ ganized a body of eight huntian Council of China has is- crowded with students for the sued a significant statement to ministry-yet no ministers for dred Christian personal workthe National Christian Councils the preaching of Christ's salva- ers to invite men to the meetin other lands concerning war. ings and to speak to them per- After describing the horrors of tion to the heathen. For ten sonally about Christianity. Of war, the statement concludes: years not a single minister for the 50 lawyers he brought to the meetings ten have made We, therefore, pledge ourselves the district of Shanghai. Our their decisions and are now anew, and urge all our fellow Chris- medical schools at home are preparing to enter the church. tions to do the same, not merely to turning out doctors faster than they can be absorbed in stable

Education in Japan – A New Life Through God. By Toyohik() ested in the true experiences

Study. 247 pp. International Mis- Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. these six school girls in China, sionary Council. New York. 1932. New York. 1932. as told by a missionary who loves the Chinese and under- This is a report of a Commis- There is something amazing stands them. We see here vivsion, and how many people read about the literary fecundity of idly their temptations and trials, reports? Few, it is to be feared. K a g a w a . A comparatively their failures and victories, their The very name "report" sug- young man, far from robust in need and response to the mesgests something dry and per- health, with impaired eyesight, sage of Christ. functory. But no student of preaching and lecturing every missions can afford to ignore day and often several times a Chefoo. By Stanley Houg-hton, Edith this report. It was prepared day, serving on many commit- Harman and Margaret Pyle. 12 mo. by a Commission on Christian tees, and the leader of various 82 pp. Paper. 28. China Inland Education in Japan, represent- religious and social organiza- Mission. London. 1931.

ing the National Christian tions, he yet finds time to write The educational center of Council of Japan, the National "books and articles. Dr. Ken- the China Inland Mission for neth Saunders, who writes an Christian Education Association Introduction, speaks of him as missionaries, children, a hospital of Japan, the Foreign Missions champion of the poor, expert and the health station for their adviser of government, mystic missionaries, is at Chefoo in Conference of North America North China. This pictorial and the International Mission- and social reformer, poet and story of the many-sided life at preacher, who is doing more Chefoo is another evidence of ary Council. It was headed by the Christian spirit and efficithat eminent Christian educa- than anyone else in Japan for ency of the Mission founded over sixty-five years ago by tor, Kajinosuke Ibuka, Presi- social reconstruction and who Hudson Taylor. dent Emeritus of the Meiji gathers great crowds whenever Gakuin of Tokyo, whose asso- Streams on the Desert. By Mrs. he speaks. This book is the Charles E. Cowman. 8 vo. 328 pp. ciates were eleven eminent Jap- $1.50. The author, 832 No. Hobart anese and missionary educators. substance of addresses that Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. It is the most thorough .and were delivered.at mass meetings comprehensive study of Chris- attended by thousands of J ap- anese. Its theme is "new life, tion education in Japan that has ever been made, and it presents new morale, a new society- The present hunger of people a literally immense amount of through God." It discusses God for spiritual help is shown by reliable information. Its pri- and the World of Suffering, the large number of daily BIble mary purpose is to bring to God and Christ, God and the readings published. Here is one light the present situation and Soul, God and Prayer, God and of the best-the fruit of study the future needs of Christian the Bible, God and the Con- and experience. Many of the education in Japan in the light science, God and Daily Living, greatest spiritual leaders are of the rapidly changing situa- and God and the New Social quoted in prose and verses, with tion in that country and to de- Order. It is pervaded through- Scriptural selections for every termine what changes should be out by a warmth of evangelical day in the year. To read it made in the policy and program feeling that deeply moves the prayerfully promotes spiritual reader. It is a spiritual tonic, of the schools in order that they a real contribution to devotional growth. may more actively serve the Christian literature. Written in The Interwoven Testaments. By H. Christian movement. Several Japanese, it has been translated C. Moore. Pocket volume. 50 cents. maps and charts helpfully con- Sou the r n Baptist Convention. tribute to the reader's under- into excellent English by Eliza- Nashville. 1931. standing of the situation. This beth Kilburn of Sendai, Japan. In the form of daily Scripture B. readings, the main teachings of is a volume of notable value and the Old and New Testaments are it should be carefully studied, Schoo] Gids Together. By Mrs. E. combined in brief quotations, not only by officers and mem- Weller. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. bers of missionary boards work- Paper. . Is. China Inland Mission. without exposition but with ing in Japan, but by the stu- London. 1931. short explanations. They will dents of Christian education in School girls in America and prove interesting and suggest other lands. A. J. BROWN. England cannot fail to be inter- further study.

[511 ]

Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected chapters make an excellent sub- standing, of righteousness, of by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 16 faith and of love. mo. 96 pp. 50 cents. American ject for women's missionary Tract Society. New York. 1931. meetings. A good, but very lim- New Books The good seed is the Word of ited bibliography of British The Prophetic Lamp. Ernest Baker. God. Sown on good soil it bears books, suggests opportunity for 79 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. good fruit. The Bible verses, further study. London. 1932.

carefully and prayerfully select- The Conquest of Gloom. By James Present-Day Problems. J. C. M. Daw- L. Gray. Introduction by E. son. 115 pp. 1s., 6d. Pickering & ed by Mrs. Shepard, have al- Stanley Jones. 12 mo. 158 pp. Inglis. London. 1932. ready been translated into over thirty languages and have been 38 6d. Marshall Morgan and Scott. The New Man. Capt. Reginald Wallis. widely scattered by faithful sow- London. 1931. 95 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932. ers in many lands. These selec- The author has been aNew tions, in two series and topically Zealand Presbyterian mission- Individual Work for Individuals. arranged, relate to Sin and Sal- Henry Clay Trumbull. 186 pp. $1. ary in J agadhri, India, for ten American Tract Society. New vation, Law and Grace, Sorrow years and most of these ad- York. 1932. and Comfort, Death and Immor- dresses were given to audiences That Strange Little Brown Man tality, Confession and Service, of Christian missionaries and, as Gandhi. Frederick B. Fisher. 239 Wisdom and Folly, Faith and pp. $2.50. Long & Sniith. New Unbelief, Promises and Prophe- Dr. Stanley Jones says, they York. 1932. cies. Those who memorize them "touch on problems that press in I. LiIIias Trotter. Bla"nche A. F. Pig- on this Indian atmosphere; ott. 245 pp. 68. Marshall, Morwill store away spiritual riches problems of an awakened na- gan & Scott. London. 1932. and those who scatter them will As It Looks to Young China. Edited plant living Seed. tionalism and the clash between by William Hung. 181 pp. $1. East and West." They are spir- Cloth; 60c paper. Friendship Press. The Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch for 1932. 160 pp. This time it itual Bible studies that exalt New York. covers 150 pages and has a separate supplement of ten pages. Christ, encourage faith, promote~ Community Organization in Religious " Education. Hugh Hartshorne and J. obedience, stimulate to prayer and exhort to sacrificial service. Quinter Miller. 250 pp. $2. Yale University Press. New Haven.

This Yearbook con t a ins a Challenged. By Caroline Atwater The Causes of War. Sir Arthur Salnumber of important articles- Mason. 12 mo. 100 pp. $1.00. ter and Others. 235 pp. 7s. 6d. Revell. New York. 1932. Macmillan. New York and London. the History of the Evangelization of Iceland, Theological Miss Mason is well known as The Good Shepherd and His Lambs. the author of "A Lily of H. Forbes Witherby.. 185 pp. 1s. France," "The Little Greek Work in India, by Dr. Sande- God," "The Highway," and Pickering & Inglis. London. gren, Problems that grow out of the increasing Industrialization John Thomas Gulick – Evolutionist of the World, and the Nature of and Missionary. Addian Gulick. 556 pp. $4. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. the People and the Work of Mis- other spirited stories with a pur- The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saund- pose. In this short novel she ers. 224 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. sions in New Guinea. There is pictures life in an American city New York. the usual amount of most impor- and the efforts of a newspaper The Indigenous Church in Perno John tant statistical material cover- Ritchie. 39 pp. 6d. World Domining the missions of Germany, man to promote total abstinence ion Press. London. and prohibition. The facts pre- Indigenous Ideals in Practice. W. F. those of the Scandinavian coun- sented give convincing reasons Rowlands. 43 pp. 1s. World Dotries and the present status of for abstinence from intoxicants minion Press. London. missions to the Jews. Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. C. T. BENZE. and show the benefits of prohibi- 161 pp. $1 cloth; 60c paper. Friend- tion laws, even when not ade- ship Press. New York. The Dawn Wind. By Olive Wyon. Kagawa. William Axling. 202 pp. 12 mo. 155 pp. 28 6d. Student quately observed. $2. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Christian Movement Press. London. The Life of Chas. Albert Blanchard.

1931. Bread to the Full. By ~ohn McNeill. Frances Carpthers Blanchard. 220 12 mo. 208 pp. 28 6d. Pickering pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Gospel of Christ has in- and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. Lim Yik Choy-The Story of a Chitroduced a revolutionary prin- nese Orphan. Chas. R. Shepherd. ciple into society, but many For over forty-five years this 252 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

Christians have failed to recog- famous Scotch preacher has The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of Religious Conditions. Erasmo Braga nize its transforming influence been widely known for the and Kenneth S. Grubb. 184 pp; 58. on the womanhood of non- graphic pictures, hum 0 r 0 u s World Dominion Press. London.

Christian lands. The awaken- touches, evangelistic passion and Rural Education for the Regeneration ing of womanhood to the oppor- spiritual insight in his sermons. of Korea. Helen K. Kim. Published by the Methodist Board of Foreign tunities and responsibUities of a These sermons were delivered in Missions. New York. new era is the subject of these Dr. McNeill's early prime- Totem Tales. Warren E. Crane. 95 brief studies in which the author forty years ago, in the Regent pp. $1. Revell. New York.

pictures the change wrought on Square Presbyterian Church of Yellow Rivers. Earl Herbert Cressy. 153 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New the women of Africa, of India London-:-they combine human York. and China, of Korea and Japan interest and divine unction, and Annual Report, Home Missions Coun- and of Mohammedan lands. The breathe out the spirit of under- cil~1932. 85 pp. New York.

Missions LOS PACIFIC j III

ANGELES Are presented in novel and very I had a usable form, for Missionary Meet- COLLEGEi ings, as illustrotions for s<':rrnons Prodigy and talks, or for personal inspir- ! "Character Firstation, in for a the College that Cares" The Presbyterian Chi Id" 12 Acres-3 Buildings-28 Years BANNER of Success-Also Accredited "I thought I h.d • prodigy for. child," • mother Prep School- Coeducdtion – A wrote us. "But when I found th.t other children A Church weekly modern in Homelike School. studying .t home .ccomplished the s.me results .nd appearance, evangelical in creed, wlth e6se, I knew it WtIIS your Ctilivert course and progressive in contents, practical THI N K! Board, Room, Tuition- methods." in help to ministers, ministers' $40 month or work on campus wives and other active Church and pay $25 month. C.lv«t School tr.vels to children .11 over the workers; and prepared with world to give them, wherever they may Jive, as thorough special regard for the layman and Send Application and References an elementdry educcdion I!IS children ~ttending the the laywoman. to Registrar … C.lvert O.y School in B.ltimore, M.ryl.nd. It comes to your home, bringing with it interesting books, A Christian Companion 5832 Ebey Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. pictures, new reading devices and up~to-dtllte equip~ ment-everything the child needs for .ny ye.'s work. For the home, the study, mission- Obituary Notes The lessons .re cle.rly outlined step by step, .nd ary meeting, young people's interesting to both p.rent .nd child. meeting, Sunday school, and hour Dr. J. Kelly Giffen, of the Sudan of family and personal devotion, Mission of the United Presbyterian The knowledge of C.lvert tr.ined boys .nd girls its many pages of "News of the Church, died in Khartum on April 6th. impresses people-and impresses their teachers later Churches Everywhere/' and its His widow, Grace H. Giffen, died on when they fin.lly t.ke their pl.co In high or prep.r.tory pages of vital editorials, are July 27th in Assiut. Dr. and Mrs. school. There is the usual elementary education} prepared by numerous selected Giffen went to Egypt in 1881, and also rich trtlining in cultural .sod scientiAc subjects. Correspondents and entered the Sudan as pioneer mis- Scores of missioncuies, exchange doctors, p~rents in sionaries in 1900. They were effective the diplom.tic service h.ve enrolled their children, Editorial Staff forces in building the Church of Christ in that difficult field. .nd found them wei r equipped to enter hi~h or Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks, Paul Patton *** erep~rdtory school on their return to the United !:>tates. Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Ihere have been so many of these enrolments that noW Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. Mrs. George J. Geis, of Myitkyina, there .re C.lvert School centers in foreign fields. Mackay, Donald Mackenzie, Burma, died April 28. She had been a Baptist missionary for forty years. The full course begins with the first gr.de .nd Joseph R. Sizoo and James H. c.rries through six ye." till high school. It m.y be *** tdken 4S 4 whoJe or in Pdrt-dt d complete cost of $40 Snowden. d year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd mote rid Is. Miss L. Couch of the Ramabai Person~1 criticism of pupil's work by Calvert teachers SUBSCRIPTION RATES Mukti, Mission, Kedgaon India, died $20 .dditionol. Kinderg.rten courses ore .voil.ble $2.50 a year; to ministers, $2. In on April 1st at seventy-nine years of for use by individu.ls .t $10.50, or in groups .t combindtion with The Missionary Re- age. Miss Couch was born in Eng- reduced cost. view of the World ($2.50 alone), land and went to India forty years only $4 for both-d saving of one ago. After spending ten years in V. M. Hillyer, founder of C.lvert Home Instruction dolldr. Sample copy of THE BANNER Calcutta she went to Mukti where School, wrote "A Child', History", "A Child's free on request. Pamlita Ramabai gave her work in Geosr.phy………uccessful books imbued with the ch.rm the Boys' School where she acted as .nd .ppe.1 th.t enliven .11 Calvert home lessons. Send your order to a real mother and won many boys to Use the coupon for full inform.tion. Christ. The Presbyterian Banner CALVERT SCHOOL, In recent years she has not been 189 E. Tuscanv ROld, Baltimore, Md. 2007 Commonwealth Building able to do much active work on ac- Pittsburgh, Pa. count of an automobile accident but Ple.se send me full inform.tion, including. s.mple Or to The she has gone twice daily to the sta- lesson. tion to distribute the Gospel portions Missionary Review of the World and tracts. Guards of every train NAME ………………………………… . looked for this messenger of God and 156 Fifth Avenue for her bundles of biblical literature, ADDRESS ……………………………… · . New York, N. Y. papers and magazines. Mukti is situated on the regular Indian pilgrim can Board of Commissioners for For- route and every day more than fifty eign Missions, in Japan, died on July of these pilgrims and sadhus pass 31, in his eighty-second year at the through. Miss Couch was interested home of his son, Rev. George E. Cary, in these wanderers, and would show Bradford, Mtlssachusetts. Dr. Cary them the One who is "The Way, the was born in Foxboro, April 20, 1851, Truth and the Life," and give each was graduated from Amherst in 1872 a Gospel portion or tract in the lan- and Andover Theological Seminary in guage they understood. 1877. He went to Japan that same year. *** Dr. Cary was the author of a very The Rev. Otis Cary, D. D., forty- complete and valuable history of two years a missionary of the Ameri- Christian Missions in Japan.

Retiring from the field in 1918 he served Japanese churches in Utah and California under the auspices of the American Missionary Association. In 1923 he established residence at the Walker Missionary H.ome, Auburn- dale, and assisted with the editorial work of the Board.

His wife and four children, Rev. G. E. Cary, Dr. Walter Cary of Dubuque, Iowa, Rev. Frank Cary of Otaru, Ja- pan, and Miss Alice E. Cary of Osaka, Japan, survive him. Our Special China Number OCTOBER, 1932 Illustrated Up-to-date Factual Partial Table of Contents What the Chinese Have Accomplished … . Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Come With Me to China ……………………………….. . 0. E. Goddard Overcoming Difficulties ………………… "….. Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping The True Soul of China …………………… .Francis C. M. Wei of Wuchang How the Chinese Worship …………………… .James L. Stewart of Chengtu Why Send Missionaries to China … , ……………… .P. O. Hanson of Taianfu What Have We Learned About Mission Methods …. .Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai What Kind of Medical Missions Are Needed ……………. .Dr. Elliot I. Osgood A Sample Mission Station ……………………… Charles E. Scott of Tsinan What Christ Has Done for China ………………… Carleton Lacy of Shanghai The Church of Christ in China ………………… . A. R. Kepler of Hangchow Woman's Place in Changing China …………………….. Katherine R. Green Whither-and What Progress ………………. Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai The Christian Task in China ……………………….. .P. C. Hsu of Peiping Testimonies of Twice Born Chinese ……………….. , ……. Various Authors What the Chinese are Doing for China ………. .Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai Best Books on China « SEND YOUR ORDER NOW » 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 per Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1932

1932

The Present Missionary Outlook Robert E. Speer How An African Preacher Preaches Mrs. John M. Springer Sotne Recent Changes in Mexico Ralph E. Diffendorfer .

The Dynatnic of Hotne Missions John McDowell

Items Dates to~Remember

Mr. James Frederick Talcott, the March 7 and 8-First Annual Meeting son of the late James Talcott, has of the COMMITTEE ON PROMOTION, been elected president of the American HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL and COUN- Bible Society, succeeding Mr. E. Fran- CIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS, cis Hyde, president for the last seven Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

years. Mr. Talcott comes to his new Rev. J. S. Stowell, Chairman.

position with a deep interest in the March 7-9-National Conference of work of the society. JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, Washington, D. C. ••• May 2-General Conference of the Rev. Robert O. Franklin, for 17 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- years a missionary in Siam and for lantic City, New Jersey. five years president of Bangkok Chris- May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF tian College, has been appointed sec- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa.

Direct Express . .. to retary of the American Bible Society May 18-Annual Conference, METH- in charge of the agency in Siam. He ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- JAPAN succeeds Rev. Robert Irwin, who re- AND tires after 20 years of service. bUB, Ohio.

CHINA • •• May 18-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH WOIUa:RS 01' U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. Direct because straight Dr. F. H. Otto Melle returned to across. Express because of Empress Germany in November after having May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL speed. Yokohama is only 10 days traveled through the United States MEETING 01' THE REFoRMED CHtTRCH from Vancouver. Shanghai a short effectively presenting the situation in IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. 4 days beyond! Germany, especially the interests of May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- Empress of Russia and Empress TElUAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of Asia are the largest and fastest the Theolopcal Seminary at Franlt- Denver, Colo. liners on this route. They offer new forl-on-Mam, of which he is the presireduced fares! May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- dent. ••• TElUAN CHURCH IN THE, U. S., Mon- Want to go via Honolulu? Em. press ofJapan, the Pacific's largest Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer, of Iowa, treat, N. C. and fastest liner, and her speedy running mate, Empress of Canada, has been elected President of the June 2-General Synod of REFORMED tllke this route. The crossing is but CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, ;J days longer. These Empresses Board of National Missions of the N.Y. connectatHonoluluwith San Fran. cisco and Los Angeles sailings. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., suc- June 16-20-Annual Convention of the WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- Sumptuous First OIlSS on all Em- ceeding the Rev. Joseph A. Vance, CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN presses ••• a Tourist Class of true "Empress" standard. D. D., of Detroit. Miss Ann Eliza- CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio.

All Empresses sail from Van- beth Taylor of New York was elected couver (where trains go to ship- Vice-president, succeeding Mrs. F. S. side.•• baggage checked through to Bennett. . state-room) and Victoria: ••• June 23-July 4:-COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN- Direct Expr~ss Dr. W. W. Yen, the new Chinese Empress of Asia, Apr. 23, June 18 minister to the United States, has CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. Empress ofRussia, Mar. 26, May 21 been for a number Of years the chair- man of the Board of Managers of July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- Viii Hf»I(JiRiR Yenching University. Empress of Japan, Apr. 9, June 5 ERN BAPl'IST CONVENTION at San Empress ofCanada, Mar. 12,May7 ••• Francisco, Calif. .

Reduced Round Trip Fares. Gipsy Smith, "the world's foremost July ,25-31-WORLD~ SUNDAY SCHOOL Information, your agent, or any evangelist," has recently closed his CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Canadian Pacific office:NewYork, Philadelphia revival campaign of Philadelphia, Chicago. Montreal three weeks. August 23-28-General Conference of and 31 other cities in U. S. and Can. SEVENTH-DAY BAPl'IST CHURCH at (Continued on 3rd Cover) .Adams Center, N. Y. CANADIAN October 18-24:-FIVE YEARS MEETING PACIFIC OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind.

~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ DEPARTMENT OF .ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE UVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THA"r YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFI'H AVENUE. NEW YORK.

~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The February REvIEw received even a DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor warmer welcome than was given to the Janu- ary number. The list of enthusiastic readers Vol. LV March, 1932 No.3 and boosters for the REVIEW is increasing. Are you one of them? Page Does your pastor take the REVIEW? Is it FRONTISPIECE-Shanghai-and the Present Scenes of Conflict •••• 130 circulated in your missionary society? Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••• , ••• , •••• , ..• , ••••••• , .•.•.•• , ••• , ., 131 you taking advantage of the "Effective Ways of Working" so helpfully suggested by Mrs. Opposing Forces in China Mr. Gandhi and Christian Missions Aitchison for increasing missionary interest at home? Studying Foreign Mission Problems BE A BOOSTER ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK. . • • • • • •• 135 Here are some of the recent comments on By Dr. Robert E. Speer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, our February number: Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"We wish to congratulate you on the appear- HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES. " , ' •• , '" , •• , ' •• 140 ance of the REVIEW as well as upon its con- tents. The material it contains is very inter- By Mrs. John M. Springer, a missionary of the American Methodist esting indeed." Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Belgian Congo JAMES V. CLARKE, THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ••••••••.••• , ..•••. , • • • . • •• 144 Managing Editor of the By Max I. Reich of Morrisville, Pa, • • • Presbyterian Advamce. SOME RECENT CHANGES IN MEXICO., ••• , ••• " . " . " ••••••• 145 "You have wonderfully improved the RE- VIEW in its form and its articles." By the Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign • • • PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

"I like the new form very much and think CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO •.• , •..• " .••••. ,… 147 you have improved the contents. The Febru- ary issue is splendid." By Jarvis S. Morris of San German, Puerto Rico WILUAM R. KING, THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS .•••• , •••..• , , , , , , .• , . • • •• 149 Executive Secretary of the By the Rev. John McDowell, D.D., President of the Home Missions • • • Home Missions Council. Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. "The REVIEW in its new apparel arrested my attention at once and I think it is a very great WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?,., ••• , .• " .• ,.,., ••• 155 improvement. The articles arrest attention." By the Rev. William R, King, D.D., Extracts from the Annual Report MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council President of the ADVENTURES AMONG THE AMAZON INDIANS •••.. , •• , .•••• 159 National Council of A review of "The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. • • • Federated Church Women. Tylee. Reviewea by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Com- mission on the Indians of Latin America "I congratulate you on the last two issues of the REVIEW. I like it very much better STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST •••.•..•• , . . . . . . , .••• 161 in its new dress." By the Rev. William M. Miller, a Presbyterian Missionary on furlough MILLS J. TAYLOR. Associate Secretary, FACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS .• " …• , ….•…•• ,. 163 Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church By the Rev. Walter Amos Morgan, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois of North America. WORLD FRIENDSHIP BOOKS FOR CHILDREN • . . . , • . . . , • • . • . .• 166 WHAT IS YOUR REACTION? By Hazel V. Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Educa- Most of the Author8 in the present number tion Movement need no introduction. Do not fail to read the article by Mrs. Springer who has been FAIR PLAY IN LATIN AMERICA ……………………….. 168 for over thirty years a Methodist missionary in Central Africa. American preachers and EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 169 speakers will find some valuable suggestions on how to keep their audiences awake. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitehison Mr. Max 1. Reich is a Hebrew Christian, WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN, , , , ….• , ….•. , ., 173 a scholar, a man of unusual Christian spirit and a leader among the Hebrew Christians Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler of America. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The article by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett tells a thrilling and a heart-rending story of the A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events murder of two American missionaries and a little child by Indians in the Amazon valley. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF, .•••…• , •••. , .•.. , .. , ….•• , 189 The Rev. Wm. M. Miller, a very effective Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Presbyterian missionary iR Persia, has been spending some months worki-'1g amollg the Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana students in North American colleges. He tells Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City interesting facts that he has observed. Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March WHICH ARTICLE DO YOU LIKE BEST? 3,1879.

Every month we are obliged to omit as good Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. papers as we have room to print. LO'Jk for Foreign Postage 50 cents a year these in the coming numbers-for example: 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year "The Rural Situation in Canada." by the Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Rev. J. R. Watts. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING CO., INC, uA Tense Problem in Persia," by Bishop J. H. Linton, Board of Directors "The Effect of a Divided Church on Mis- ROBImT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT SAMUEL M, Z"'EMER sions," by Dr. Cleland B. McAfee. WM, I, CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. Juno MILTON J. STAUFFER WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARO "Does Christ Approve of Institutional Mis- DELAVAN L, PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH A. L. W ARNSHUIS sions 1ft , by Sam Higginbottom.

"Do Missionary Hymns Need Revision 1". by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

"When Burmese Students Preach the Gos- pel," by H. I. Marshall of Rangoon.

"Gandhi and Christianity in India," by C. L. Sury of Simla.

"A Woman FighVng the Devil in San Francisco," a book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, WHAT SUBJECT WOTILD YOU LIKE TO SEE TREATED?

– –INTERNATIONAL

SETTLEMENT BOUNDARY – JAPANESE AREA ••••• 31'U U.S.IN~ . AREA 8P.ITISH A P.EA GPOO SCALE OF ~ MILE J"

The above map (adapted from the Herald-Tribune) shows the borders of the International Settlement. French Concession. devastated H Chinese section Chapei. and the old Chinese city. Japanese and other warships are stationed in the Whang Poo River. The Whang Poo forts are several miles to the east. down the river. The Japanese © and Chinese forces are intrenched on either side of Chapei. Hongkew. (Japanese area). is the section of Shanghai in which most of the Japanese reside.

M. (near the British Consulate). = Protestant Mission head- CHINESE- + Quarters. CITY == location of some of the Christian churches.

P location of former Presbyterian Mission Press. beyond which was the destroyed Commercial Press.

St. Johns University (Episcopal) is to the west and Shanghai Uni- versity (Baptist) to the east of Shanghai.

SHANGHAI-AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH, 1932 Topics of the Times OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA valuable library and club rooms for employees, A warless war is being fought in the Yangtze and on the presses were printed millions of pages Valley and in Manchuria. No war has been de- of Christian literature every year. The loss to the clared between China and Japan and yet fighting missionary enterprise alone cannot be measured. goes on between the forces of the two nations. The Chinese National Government has appealed The Japanese marines are reported to have into the League of Nations to help settle the dis- vaded and damaged the Chinese School and other pute by peaceful means-since both China and mission buildings of the Methodist Episcopal Japan are members of the League and have Church, South. War vessels proceeded up the signed the Kellogg~Briand Peace Pact and the Yangtze to Nanking where they bombarded Chi- Nine Power Treaty. But Japan seems to be nese forts and landed marines. In spite of apbent on settling matters in her own way-by force peals and warnings from the League of Nations of arms. Council gathered at Geneva, and in the face of strong protests from the American, British, Italian The Manchurian muddle is apparently due to and French governments, the Japanese refuse to Japan's demand for full protection of her subjects withdraw or to cease their military activities until and what she claims to be her rights in the three their purpose has been attained. Possibly they Eastern Provinces and to China's inability to are hoping to obtain a Japanese concession in guarantee such protection. Small mobs in vari- Shanghai, similar to that controlled by the French. ous centers of China have now and then attacked Recent press reports state that the Japanese pro- Japanese subjects and damaged some property. pose international control over five large Chinese Floods, bandits and civil strife have hindered the cities-Shanghai, Canton, Hankow, Tsingtao and maintenance of peace and order. The Chinese Tientsin. They refuse, however, to intrust their replied to Japanese aggression-not by force of nationals to the protection of an international arms-but by declaring a boycott against Japa- force and will not consent to submit the Manchunese goods. rian problem to the League of Nations Commis- This boycott has hit Japan harder than armed sion. resistance. It is an economic war that Japan is As a preliminary to peace Japan demands: not prepared to wage. As a result the Japanese 1. Japan and China shall mutually pledge themselves to non-aggression and guarantee each other's territory. are carrying the military conflict into the heart 2. All forms of anti-Japanism in China, including the of China, sending warships, marines and airplanes boycott, shall be called oft' permanently. to 'Shan~hai, bombarding Chinese forts, dropping 3. Asslirances to be given of the safety of Japanese destru~bve bombs on Chinese sections of the city, lives and property in China. patrollmg the streets, and killing Chinese, even 4. Payment for railways built in Manchuria with Japnon-combatants in the International Settlement. A ruthless and unnecessary piece of destruction anese money, and recognition of existing agreements for was the bombing and burning of the great Com- railway construction in Manchuria.

5. . Recognition of existing treaty rights, including the question of Japanese land leases in Manchuria.

mercial Press in the Chapei district of Shanghai. 6. The withdrawal of all Chinese military forces to a This modern Chinese and English press-owned dista~e of twenty miles from Shanghai.

and controlled by Christian Chinese-was prob- These demands are not extreme and have been ably the largest in Asia. It was equipped with accepted by China, but Japan is not satisfied with modern cylinder presses, linotype machines, bind- the assurances and continues her militarv activ- ers and other up-to-date machinery. It had a ity. In the meantime the lives and property of [131]

American and European nationals are threatened China to a speedy end. The League of Nations and there seems to be danger of embroiling many is itself on trial to test its efficiency and its cournations in this conflict. Meanwhile the Disarma- age in carrying out the provisions of its own Covement Conference sits in Geneva. nants.

Japan is proud and headstrong; her army and In the meantime Christians in Japan, in China, navy are large and efficient and have never yet in America and England are uniting in prayer that been defeated. Her military officers are imperi- God will point the way to right relations between ous and opposition to the forces under their con- men, and that men may have vision and courage trol are looked upon as an insult to their country. to follow His way. Now is the time to show the But Japan cannot afford to go to war with Europe effectiveness of a united movement for peaceor America or to disregard the rights and opin- which is better than disarmament. Best of all is ions of other nations. Already her course has the movement for international, interracial and wrought havoc with her trade, has caused her to national goodwill, based on justice and love under be suspected and to lose friends. China may be the banner of the Prince of Peace. weakened because of internal difficulties, but China is better as an ally than as an enemy. STUDYING FOREIGN MISSION PROBLEMS A force quietly and persistently working for For the past thirty-nine years the executives of peace and righteousness, both in China and Japan, is the body of Christian missionaries. Those in the leading foreign mission boards of the United each land love and serve the nationals among whom they are working. Shanghai alone con- States and Canada have been meeting annually to tains some five hundred Protestant missionaries with their children. They are non-combatants confer on their common task and problems. The and peace makers. These are connected with over fifty American and British missionary societies. churches they represent number about twenty- Most of them reside in the International and French settlements, for Shanghai is the mission- three million members and spend over thirty-five ary headquarters. The total American and European population of Shanghai is forty thousand. million dollars a year in foreign mission work.

Japan and the League The problems and methods have changed greatly Governments feel their responsibility for the in the past forty years; missionaries have insafety and rights of their citizens, even though protection requires recourse to arms. It is to be creased fivefold and expenditures sevenfold. Mishoped that diplomacy, justice and wisdom will prevail; love may be thought to set too idealistic sion boards have been brought into much closer a standard. An international commission-including Japanese and Chinese members-might cooperation through these conferences and the well be intrusted with the settlement of the present difficulties. Such a commission would lessen "science of missions" has developed. . the danger of injustice from prejudice, self-interest and injured pride. The League of Nations From January 12th to 15th this year about two Covenant provides that members of the League shall submit to the Council any dispute likely to hundred and sixty executives and missionaries lead to a rupture and the signers "agree in no case to resort to war until three months ·after the met in Atlantic City. They represented seven award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council." (Article 12.) The Covenant also pro- Canadian boards and eighty-three boards of the vides that "should any member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under United States. In place of platform addresses, the Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all the conference resolved itself into a "platform roundother members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to severance of table conference" to consider, first, the "Values all trade or financial relations." (Article 16.) and Problems in the Use of Foreign Money" on This very definite agreement is one which, if carried out promptly, would bring the invasion of the mission field; second, the "Problems and Pos- sibilities of Rural Missionary Work"; third, the "Important Qualifications of Missionaries Under Present Conditions"; and, fourth, the "Proposals of the Commission on Christian Higher Educa- tion" on the mission fields. These discussions were unusually fruitful. While the conferences do not legislate, the results of these round-table de- liberations will be reported to the several boards for their consideration and action.

Among the special features of the conference were addresses by Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University on "Present Inescapable Issues"; by Dr. T. Z. Koo of China on "Spiritual Implications of These Issues"; and by Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu of South Africa and Dr. James H. Franklin of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society on "The Meaning of the Cross in the Life of the World Today."

Among the outstanding subjects that require

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

most careful and prayerful thought by missionary an hour. The International Missionary Council, leaders today are the following: through which the Foreign Missions Conference (1) How far shall national Christian churches cooperates with twenty-nine similar groups in mission lands be under foreign direction and throughout the world, also presented its printed assisted with foreign funds? All recognize the report calling attention to some important matters.

necessity for promoting their independence and Resolutions were adopted expressing deep sym- self-support and for developing strong, intelligent pathy with the Kingdom of God Movement in spiritual leadership. Many believe that too much Japan, the relief of suffering in China, the need financial aid has been given in the past and that for the abolition of traffic in narcotics and alco- this aid should be drastically reduced in order to holic drinks throughout the world, and for work promote independence from foreign control. in behalf of world peace and the reduction of (2) How can educational mission work, espe- armaments.

cially in higher education, be made more fruitful The conference appointed a committee of seven- in winning students to Christ and in training teen to study the future program and organization native evangelists and Christian teachers and of the conference. Some advocate the advisability preachers so as to build up strong national of meeting every two years, in place of annually, churches? This question involves the problem of and advise the selection of a less expensive resort non-Christian teachers and pupils in mission for these gatherings.

schools and colleges, government subsidies and The chairman of the conference this year was regulation of these Christian institutions~ and the Dr. A. E. Armstrong of the United Church of use of short-term missionary teachers, many of Canada. For next year the chairman selected is whom have no evangelistic purpose. Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, a secretary of the American (3) What type of missionary should be sent out Baptist Foreign Mission Society, who is also today to represent Christ and His Church among chairman of the committee on the future program non-Christian peoples? Shall they be more highly and organization. The chairman of the Committee trained for special tasks than formerly, or shall of Reference and Council is Miss Sarah S. Lyon, more emphasis be placed on spiritual equipment secretary of the Foreign Department of the Naand devotion? The general conviction is that it is tional Board of the Young Women's Christian a mistake to try to reproduce foreign churches Association. This year the Federation of Womand institutions in mission lands. The aim is an's Boards of Foreign Missions met separately rather so to present Christ and His message of at Yonkers.

life that the people of these lands will accept His claims and will follow His teachings in all their MR. GANDHI AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS activities and relationships, as set forth in the At a meeting between Mr. Gandhi and repre- New Testament. sentatives of the British missionary societies held in London during the Nationalist leaders' attend- (4) Another problem, which is today greatly ance at the recent Round Table Conference, he hampering the work, is due to a decrease in mis- spoke frankly of the reports that have been cirsionary gifts. There is great need to stimulate culated in regard to his attitude toward Chris- Christians at home to deeper interest, more ear- tian missions. He said: nest prayer and more sacrificial giving to advance the cause of Christ throughout the world. The "From youth upwards I have enjoyed the subject of the present shortage of missionary friendliest relations with missionaries throughout funds, which is so embarrassing the work, was the world. In South Africa I came into close not upon the program and there was almost no touch with some of the finest of Christian misreference to it, but between the sessions many sionaries. I attended your churches most regugroups at Atlantic City discussed it seriously. larly and also private prayer meetings. . . . The recent report about my attitude to missions was In recent years this Foreign Missions Confer- an unconscious misrepresentation. I have had ence has been less and less an occasion for the letters from all parts of India and from Engtransaction of routine business or for the passage land and the U. S. A. asking if it was true that of resolutions having to do with interdenomina- I would prohibit all missionary enterprise and estional and international missionary cooperation. pecially proselytizing. What I meant was just Such business is now referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, which is highly organ- the contrary. Any suggestion that I should want ized with an Executive Committee and subcom- legislation to prohibit missionary enterprise or to mittees, and which holds several two-day meetings interfere with the beliefs of other people is unduring the year. Their report was presented to thinkable.

the conference and was disposed of in less than "The idea of converting people to one's faith

by speech and writings, by appeal to reason and word is the limitation of thought. There is room emotion and by suggesting that the faith of his for both writing and speech. Though my convic- forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits tion is strong enough in me for me to die for that the possibilities of serving humanity. I believe conviction, that force does not carry me to the that the great religions of the world are all more goal of believing that the same thing should be or less true and that they have descended to us believed by my fellowmen. I know how impertifrom God. Having come to us, however, through nent it is for an utter stranger to speak to those human media they have become adulterated. . . . to whom the message of the Bible is sacred as life itself. I am speaking to you as a seeker after God, "Whilst I criticise part of the missionary work just as you also are seekers after God. Religion I willingly admit that missions have done indirect is a personal matter, and I am not going to ask good to India. There is no doubt about this. But another man to become a Hindu or a Parsee. I for my having come under Christian influence, am sharing with you my own experience and trysome of my social work would not have been done. ing to show you as fellow workers that probably, My fierce hatred of child marriage and 'untouch- if you could see eye to eye with me, your work ability' is due to Christian influence. I have would flourish more and more. You have amazcome into contact with many splendid specimens ing self-sacrifice. You Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries." are good men. I want to multiply occasions for your service. I want to work closer with you, but The Rev. William Paton, editor of the Interna- I do not want you to get India to change her faith. tional Review oj Missions, read the resolution God is Father to the 'untouchable,' to all of us, passed in 1924 by the Delhi Unity Conference on but He appears to you in another garb. . . . I religious freedom, which Mr. Gandhi helped to adore the same Father though I may not adore draft and which he said still represent his views. him as 'God.' To me that name makes no appeal. The resolutions read: but when I think of Him as Rama, He thrills me. MY' forefathers have known him as Rama, and This Conference is emphatically of opinion that the when I take the name of Rama I arise with the utmost freedom of conscience and religion is essential, same energy. The name 'God', as it is written in and condemns any desecration of places Df worship to the Bible, is contrary to experience. My whole whatsoever faith they may belong, and any persecution soul rejects the teaching that Rama is not my or punishment of any person for adopting or reverting God. Go to the 'untouchables' ; give them schools. to any faith, and further condemns any attempt by com- If anyone were able to show me that God the Fapulsion to convert people to one's faith or to enforce one's ther had to be approached in one particular way own religious observance at the cost of the rights of I would not hesitate a moment, I would go to the others. . . . This Conference records its opinion: whole world, but my life would have to be re- written. My search is for peace and to show God That every individual or group shall have full liberty through the life I live. I give myself to my felto hold and give expression to his or their beliefs and lowmen. This is the secret of peace and happifollow any religious practice, with due regard to the feel- ness also." ings of others and without interfering with their rights. In no case may such individual or group revile the found- A member of the conference referred to the ers, holy persons or tenets of any other faith. command to Christians to go out to all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Mr. That every individual is at liberty to follow any faith Gandhi's reply to this was that if the questioner and to change it whenever he so wills, and shall not by believed that these were the inspired words in reason of such change of faith render himself liable to the Bible then he was called upon to obey implicany punishment or persecution at the hands of the fol- itly. lowers of the faith renounced by him. Mr. Gandhi made it abundantly plain that the That every individual or group is at liberty to convert issue between himself and the Christian missionor reconvert another by argument or persuasion but must ary movement lies much deeper than is sometimes not attempt to do so, or prevent its being done, by force, supposed. Mr. Gandhi is desirous only that the fraud or other unfair means, such as the offering of missionaries should be courteous and self-effacing, material inducement. Persons under 16 years of age and should identify themselves with the people of should not be converted unless it be along with their par- the country, but is opposed to the effort to win disents or guardians. If any person under 16 years of age ciples to Christ-something which is fundamental is found stranded without his parent or guardian by a in Christianity. The content of the Christian person of another faith, he should be promptly handed message is not the superiority of a foreign civilover to a person of his own faith. There must be no ization, but is the Person, the Words, the Work secrecy about any conversion or reconversion. and the Power of Jesus Christ.

If Mr. Gandhi Were a Christian "If I were a Christian missionary (and I can enter into the hearts of Christian missionaries)," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would go and work among the 'untouchables,' establishing Christian ashrams among them, with a church in a mud, living among them as God may guide.

"Language fails to convey meaning; the uttered

of the Present

Outlook .-:( , By ROBERT E. SPEER, D. D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mi.~sions. Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.; author of "Some Living Issues", etc.

T HE clash of Japan and China in Manchuria provoked save as Japan herself manufactured the has turned the eyes of the world again to the provocation. Far East. It is illustrative of the new world The League of Nations has sought earnestly to unity which has come into being, that el;lch coun- find a solution of a problem whose complexity and try has striven to justify itself difficulty are known fully only before the conscience of man- to those who have knowledge kind and each has charged the The whole world is upset. which the general public does responsibility for fault upon Men's attitude toward religion not have. Fair-minded people the other. In the case of large and politics, toward social and must sympathize with 60th naelements in each nation the economical conditions have tions and wish for a just settlecharge is made with undoubted undergone a radical change in ment that will help each nation honesty. In China the student the past twenty years. Should to meet its grievous problems, class has been convinced that we conform our view of the so that both of them will live China was wholly innocent and mission of Christ and the together in friendship and good Japan the indisputable offend- Christian Church to fit some will. fixed standard? In this paper er, while in Japan groups which Dr. Speer deals with some of It is difficult to see how J a- have been clearly sympathetic the present problems in Asia pan's real interests are to be with China's struggle and which and their effect on the present met by military measures or have steadily opposed the mili- religious and missionary out- any territorial expansion won taristic temper, have neverthe- at the price of China's hatred less felt that in the present case look. There is a greater dan- and distrust. Dr. Harold Moulthe whole blame was not on ger that threatens than the ton, President of the Brookings Japan. danger of anti-religious in- Institute and recent adviser of fluences. There are dangers the Japanese Minister of Fi- Japan has contended that she that threaten the very roots nance, set forth this issue in a was only protecting her own of the missionary unde~ak­ speech last November before nationals and treaty rights in ing. These he deals with frankly and constructively. Manchuria, and that China was What is the need of the hour? the Chicago Council on Foreign seeking to use the present situ- Relations. He said: .

ation and the machinery of the League of Nations so to confuse the issue that she From 1920 to 1929 Japan had a period of extraordinary would escape from her treaty commitments. Japan expansion and was able to absorb and support her popucould quote a Chinese, P. C. Hsu, as saying, "China lation in a rising standard of living. The population is will never tolerate the treaty rights that have about 65,000,000 and the increase has been a million a year for the last decade. With the end of economic been based upon the notorious Twenty-one De- expansion the population problem became one of acute mands." concern. Under the present situation 500,000 new workers must be given employment each year in Japan. The popu- On the other side China has contended that these lation increase is one each 15 seconds, or faster than the treaty claims were iniquitous and that Japan has entire merchant marine could carry them away if given seized the present world situation, as she seized this task.

the opportunity of 1915, to take advantage of Dr. Moulton.then took up Japan's colonial his- China's weakness and to invade still further her tory. He showed that Formosa and Korea have integrity and sovereignty; she contends that not proved an outlet for population and that they Japan's present activity in Manchuria was un- are an economic burden. He continued: [135]

What of Manchuria? They have had twenty years of large industries and banking firms have done their share development there. It has not proved a population outlet. in bringing about these changes. There are only 200,000 Japanese there in a population .of thirty million. There is another side to this matter. The old family organization in China was a positive incu- Manchuria is like our middle and northwestern states, bus on individual initiative and social progress. largely a wheat growing country. Japan lives largely on The difficulty today is that the good of the insti- rice. There is coal in Manchuria but the Japanese have tution is going with the evil before any new form sufficient. of family life has been established to conserve this good and to displace this evil. The only form of My conclusion is that the possession of Manchuria by family life that can do this is the Christian, and Japan is of secondary economic importance. Japan w.ould the Christian form is fighting for its very exist- be at a permanent disadvantage through seizure and ence in the West. permanent occupation. Influence on Missions The Japanese people cannot migrate. They cannot com- pete with Chinese and Korean labor. Their great problem The excitement of the Manchurian situation has is to find employment for their people at home. This not apparently closed or constricted in any way cannot be in agriculture. It is only possible in an increase th~ Christian opportunity in either China or in manufactures. Her chief outlets for manufactured Japan. Mission schools and colleges in China are goods are in China and India. Her .only .opportunity is filled and evangelistic missionaries report audito manufacture finished products by skilled labor for sale ences everywhere. In Japan unprecedented ac- abroad. cessibilities are reported. The organ of the King- dom of God Movement reports: This is recognized by most of the members of the parliamentary government. Any possible gain in Manchuria Communism is making tremendous inrQads in student would be more than offset by losses in trade with the centres as well as in the industrial area and amQng the rest of China. The Chinese boycott is a very seriQUS peasant class. The doors, hQwever, are nQt closed to the thing. Christian message. Some weeks ago the writer partici- pated in a campaign in a rural town. Because the church The best interests of Japan, as of all the rest of of the town could not hold the crowds the local committee the world, require friendship and cooperation between Japan and China. arranged to hold the meetings in the auditorium of the public primary school. When I expressed concern as to And assuredly China needs peace and justice. It is an infinite pity that she cannot be let alone whether my message, in which I expected to major on the and wilL not be satisfied to deal with her own in- evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a place, I ternal problems so as to establi~h unity and order was told that the Principal, although not a Christian, inand a just and prosperous national life. It is sisted that they wanted a religious message and the more tragic that she should have energies and resources Christian the better. and attention drawn away to straighten out foreign relationships when she needs all her thought At the close of the message the local pastor asked that and strength for the enormous tasks of her own decision cards be distributed and while he made a ringing development. The single problem of the family plea f.or decisions a good number .of the audience signed organization and life is tragic enough and it is cards as inquirers. only one of a score hardly less important. Mr. Chang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, closing has written of this: with an appeal for decisions, in a Government Primary School is something which never could have happened Of the many changes in China. wrought by the forces anywhere in Japan a few years ago. It shows the turn which have been brought into play by the impact of .of the anti-religious tide which has been running with Western civilization, none has had such a far-reaching such tremendous force during the past fifty years among effect on the present Chinese social structure as the the intellectuals and educational leaders of the Empire. passing .of the family system. Admittedly, China is the last stronghold of the old family system, but even Two weeks later, the writer was asked to help in a camhere it must give way to the disintegrating force of the w.orld's industrial revolution. Its origin practically lost paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never in the mist of antiquity, the Chinese family system has during almost thirty years in Japan have I seen so many been handed down through many centuries virtually in- laboring men in a Christian church, wearing their worktact. The reason for this is that Chinese civilization has ing garb marked with the emblem of their trade. At the been built on the basis of the family. All ancient records close, one-fifth of those present responded to the invitation of history give credit for the establishment of matrimonial and signed cards as inquirers. In the other church the rites to Fu Hsi, the legendary emperor who ruled China building was packed with y.oung people from a neighbormore than 5,000 years ago. The use of the family sur- ing factory. names came into existence at about the same time. It may therefore be said that patriarchal society in China, The Kingdom of God Movement reports meetas well as the Chinese family system, came into being ings in 1930 attended by 265,000 people, with during this period. The centralization of the chief in- 13,837 signing cards as inquirers. For the past dustries in the cities and towns has been the main cause six months of 1931 there were 157,942 in attendof the breaking up of the family system. Emigrations to ance at the meetings, and 8,842 cards signed. the less congested parts of China and even to other countries, the improved means of transportation, and the .or- The Manchurian incident, as already indicated, ganization of agencies in various parts of the country by has shown afresh the unity of interest which now binds together the whole world. The late Profes-

ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK

sor Giddings of Columbia contended that the fun- most vital to the world's life and to the cause of damental sociological principle was "conscious- human unity. This truth ought to be the clearest ness of kind." Kin-consciousness now takes in and the most welcomed truth, namely, the prin- not only one's own race or nation but all human- ciple of full religious liberty, of complete freedom ity. Ramsay Macdonald, in closing the debate on for the spirit of man. There are now more as- the speech from the throne when the new Parlia- saults on this principle than for many a year. It ment assembled on November 10, pointed out that has been flatly and tyrannically rejected in Russia.

the separatist economy of the nations was "crazy." It has been threatened and abridged in China.

He said that the only hope of Great Britain and Nationalism has limited it in Turkey. In the of the world lay in "the necessary international natural reaction against oppressive clericalism conferences and negotiations." New understand- some of the Latin American states have denied ings must be reached and "every nation in the basic religious rights, and even in India Mr.

world must be a party to the agreement." Even Gandhi and Mr. Natarajan have decried the lib- Senator Borah said, what is obvious now to all erty now permitted for free religious discussion rational men but what until recently only mis- and propaganda. Mr. Gandhi later took pains to sionary people declared, speaking in Carnegie Hall say that he would never wish to have his disap- on May 5, 1931: "Our country cannot escape from proval enacted as law, but Mr. Natarajan openly this deep trough of depression and at the same appealed for the prohibition by statute of all ef- time leave the balance of the human race behind. fort on the part of Christianity, at least, to divert We have our own immediate problems.. We have Hindus and Moslems from the ancient faiths of our own immediate work before us. But in a India. He forgot, however, as the Christians of larger sense the prosperity of the United States India have pointed out to him, that Christianity depends upon the prosperity of other peoples. was in India long before Mohammedanism, that Anything like general and durable prosperity it is as truly an ancient faith of India as Islam, must be had in connection with the rest of the or some sects of Hinduism, and that it has the world." third largest body of adherents in India, exceed- But this common interest of the world cannot ing the Sikhs and, in India proper, the Buddhists be expressed in mere commercial or economic as well.

terms. The new Ambassador of Peru to the There is no danger in India of the abridgment United States, Don Manuel de Freyre, spoke of by law of the right of religious liberty, both of this at an address to the Pan-American Society: worship and of proclamation. The Nehru Report It goes without saying that business is indeed a very gave assurance of that in its proposed constitu- important factor in uniting countries that live far apart. tion. And the agreement of the five minorities at . . . But to join men together does not necessarily mean that they will get on well together. . . . Friend- the recent Round Table Conference provided: ship stands on a higher plane. It would not be honest to deny that certain barriers between North and South Full religious liberty-that is, full liberty of belief, Americans do exist. . . • We should become acquainted worship, observances, propaganda, associations and educawith not only our material needs, but our spiritual needs tion-shall be guaranteed to all communities, subject to as well. The souls of our nations should come in touch the maintenance of public order and morality. No person one with another. Externals are quickly seized; the hidden shall merely by change of faith lose any civic' right or reactions of the mind and heart are more elusive elements. privilege or be subject to any penalty. The right shall be given to establish, manage and control, at their own Indeed, as has been often pointed out, our mate- expense, charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the rial interests and the relations founded upon them right to exercise their religion therein. The Constitution are the most brittle of all bonds. Kipling's "Peace shall embody adequate safeguards for the protection of of Dives," embodying the idea of the irrefragable religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of value of economic relationships, was exploded with education, language and charitable institutions of the minority communities and for their due share in grants the other axioms of our materialistic civilization given by the State and by self-governing bodies.

in the World War. The only real unity of the But more important than any paper agreements world is biological and spiritual. The missionary are the facts of life. There is not and there never enterprise embodies it with the doctrine of inter- will be, unless India becomes Christian, a unity of racial respect and equality and its sanctions religions in India. So long as there is no unity springing from its conception of one God and the different groups will require and secure tole- Father of all and one Saviour for the common ration and freedom. And when Christianity beneed of mankind. comes the dominant religion, toleration and free- The Principle of ,Religious Liberty dom will be of necessity guaranteed. The missionary enterprise has more to fear It is a strange fact that there is increasing from other influences than from the threat of the blindness across the world to the truth which is abridgment of religious freedom. This threat is

a hopeless battle against God and time. The road it is because that is not believed; it is because the disto martyrdom is always open to those to whom tinctiveness and exclusiveness of the Christian religion has truth and freedom are more than life. The greater been allowed to fade to a certain extent .out .of men's dangers lie in ideas and attitudes that cut the minds, that the CDmpulsive attraction of the Christian faith is less felt at hDme, and that the men are not coming roots of the missionary undertaking, because they into the Church by whom the work of missions .ought to cut the very roots of Christianity. What are these be done. ideas and attitudes? The late Professor James These are things that need to be said in the Denney summed them up in his downright way in plainest way today against the adulation of Mr. his address at the Edinburgh Missionary Confer- Gandhi and his exaltation to a place with Christ and against the preparations that are even now ence in 1910: making in India for his apotheosis. The Hindu- First of all I would say that the Church must have stan Times of September 17, 1931, closes an edia revived and deepened sense that God has given us torial on "Gandhi-The World Teacher" with the something wonderful and incomparable in giving us His words: Son. A great part of the weakness .of the Church con- sists in or arises out of the diffusion in it .of a kind of If the manner in which he has captured the hearts of Christian secularism. There are large numbers of people the Western people is any indication .of the future, it is in the Church at home to whom the Church is something quite pDssible that while his present visit may mark the of-I was going to say exactly, but at all events .of very culminatiDn of his political career, it may als:o inaugurate much-the same kind as a great many other institutions the beginning of a greater and more gloriouR career, that exist fur the ameliDration of society. They can be- namely, of a saviDur not .only of the teeming milliDns .of long to a Church as they belong to any other society that India, but of the teeming millions of the world. Has not does the world good, but they dD nDt feel under any obli- the saint of Sabarmati much in commDn with the Saint gation to belong to it. of Galilee?

Very often the distinctive and specific things that ought The Allahabad Leade'f on August 12, 1931, to characterize the Church, that :ought to be prominent quoted from an Indian paper an article by Ramasin its testimony, that ought to be the testing things of its wanis Aiyar entitled "Gandhi and Christ–Each life-the forgiveness of sin and the presence .of God in Christ and the indwelling of His Spirit and the reality Is Practically the Other." A mass of such litera- .of eternal life-these things are nDt the things that are prominent, but they are dulled and in the background ture has appeared both in India and in the West. somehDw, and the sDuls of men do not live in these things, Mr. Gandhi is not Christ, nor is he a Christian, but in a kind of gODd wDrks such as they might dD any- though he is a good man and ought to be a Chris- where else in the world as well as there. tian. But he is no evidence that Denney's view of There is anDther thing that goes to weaken the Church Christianity is not true. It is the New Testament -and sometimes, strange tD say, it is supposed tD be a view. It is the historic Christian view. It is the reflex effect .of the wDrk .of fDreign missiDns themselves. 'true view. And the Christ of the Gospel is to be There are .other religions in the world beside .our .own, and made known to all men and all men are to be in- YDU are familiar with the idea that those other religiDns have a place and functiDn in the prDvidential gDvernment vited and entreated, "beseeched" as St. Paul said, of the world. The whole question of the existence of to become His disciples, to accept the redeeming other religi.ons and .of their relatiDns tD the Christian deed of God in the Gospel and to help build religion and .of their relative right tD exist and tD function Christ's Church and Kingdom in all the earth. in the life .of the world, is SD difficult a question in- tellectually that many peDple make it an excuse fDr Missionary Propaganda refusing tD interpDse in such a cDmplicated situatiDn, and even begin tD say to themselves sDmething like what If this is propaganda, then it is exactly the Ezekiel heard the Israelites say nearly six hundred years business for which the Christian Church was esbefDre Jesus came, "We will be like the heathen, like the tablished and exists in the world. There is a great families of the countries, to serve wood and stone." Peo- deal of loose and unexamined thinking and speakple say tD themselves, "Weare not going to interfere in ing today on this matter. "Propaganda" is dethis; we will leave the whole affair to PrDvidence tD work it out in its own way; we will not assert anything intDI- nounced and the whole missionary conception of erant .or exclusive in .our faith; we will take .our chance and sink Dr swim with mankind." That kind .of feeling the New Testament is decried as imperialism. We has tainted the mind .of Christendom, and even the mind are told that Christianity is no longer to be con- ceived as the final and absolute and exclusive reof the Christian Church. Now thDse two things have done a great deal to weaken ligion, but only as one of many, and that our busi- the Church, and I believe we need in the home church ness is to "share," not in the sense of sharing preaching directed against them bDth; preaching that will Christ, but in the sense of interchanging ideas bring out what is distinctive and peculiar in the revelatiDn with the non-Christian religions and setting up a that GDd has given us in His SDn, preaching that will pantheon which will contain Christ, to be sure, make men feel that we cannDt evade the responsibility .of that incomparable gift that God has given, preaching but also Buddha and Mohammed and all the that will make everybody feel that the difference between the Christian and the non-Christian attitude tD Jesus is "prophets." Men may hold this view now as they not the difference of mDre or less, or the difference of have held it before, but they may not call it Chrisbetter or worse, but the difference of life or death. And tianity, nor will they find in it the dynamic to

produce the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs" and Jerusalem reaffirmations of the historic belief whom the Church has known in the past. In his of the Church. And on those convictions they rest recent Yale Lectures on Preaching, entitled "Jesus the missionary movement today. The fact is that Came Preaching," Dr. Buttrick sets forth a differ- the great body of our Christian people in many of ent view. He said: our denominations distrust some of the leadership of today, because they think it would shift the To the apostles, Jesus, by their experience of Him, missionary enterprise away from its foundations was alone. Phrase it as you will: f.or them Jesus had on the New Testament conception of the Gospel. His .own relationship with God-and He was as far Those missionary agencies and activities will best above a pantheon as the heaven is ab.ove the earth. He weather the present storms and move out into came tQ have absolute value f.or them. . . . The Gos- larger things which satisfy their constituencies pel is an eternal Gospel, from everlasting to everlasting that they are holding fast to the faith of the the overture of God to men in Jesus Christ, and like Him fathers and that fearlessly bring that faith to bear who inscribed it in the ink of His blood, "the same yester- on new problems, new tasks and with ever new day, today and forever." and living adaptation.

William Newton Clark set forth in his "Study For this position today there is ever abiding of Christian Missions" this New Testament con- and ever enlarging need and opportunity. The ception in its bearing on the duty of the Church Church wants the real Gospel preached. And it frankly to go out and to win the world to a faith is the real Gospel that the world needs. Idolatry in Christ different from men's faith in other re- is not mere symbolism. It is the worship of idols ligious teachers, because Christ is different and and needs to be in part destroyed and in part subalone and His religion is different and unique. limated by the knowledge of the God who is Spirit and Truth. Suffering and want are real- in But the question is raised whether this faith is China with its famine, in India with its poverty, any longer held by the Church at home. Dr. Den- and in Africa with its disease. Let anyone read ney intimates that it was waning and that with its Albert Schweitzer's "The Forest Hospital at Lamwane the missionary passion goes out. A recent barene" and he will have a first-hand authentic publication of the Foreign Missions Conference of picture of human misery. There has been too North America asks: much glossing over the facts of the world's abys- mal need of what, in history past and present, The Jerusalem Conference postulated the Message as does not come into human lives or human society f.ormulated by the Lausanne Conference. In what meas- apart from Christ and His influence. ure, if any, is the difficulty today connected with the postulates of misswns? Is the future of missions tied up The present-day issue is whether the Church will continue to hold the Gospel which can meet with: this need, the Gospel of God's redeeming love and a. The continued emphasis and re-emphasis of the long- salvation, and build its missionary enterprise upon accepted bases of motivation as found in the inher- it. There will be some earnest men and women ited standards of faith? or, who will not do so, who will believe that the time b. A discovery of the pre-suppositions actually implicit has come to supersede or reconstruct this Gospel in the present-day thinking of the constituencies at and the world mission built on it. But there will home, and the implication of these positions with also be earnest men and women and Christian respect to efforts to meet human need abroad? Are churches and missionary agencies that will seek we to try to build missionary motivation on the pre- to meet the issues of the new time in new ways, sumptive .or on the actual faith .of church people? but with the same Gospel with which Paul went off across the Roman Empire, and with which In other words, were the Lausanne and J erusa- Cary and Duff laid the foundations in India and lem Conferences wrong in adhering to the historic David Livingstone lifted the sombre fringes of the and New Testament view of Christ and the Gos- night in Africa-the old and ever new, the everpel; ought we now frankly to recognize that these lasting Gospel. old postulates are forsaken and try to build the missionary enterprise on whatever attitudes and opinions we find now current in the Church? Some are seeking to do this. There are others who do not believe that the song about the "faith of our fathers" is to be mere words. They hold as their own the convictions embodied in the Lausanne THE TECHNIQUE OF BEING A CHRISTIAN Dr. Stanley Jones tells of a lady who became a Christian and asked: "Now what are you going to do with me? What is the technique of being a Christian?"

Dr. Jones was not prepared to answer at once, but now he feels that he can reply to such a searching question. India has taught him that .one must "disentangle Christ from the accretiQns which the centuries had gathered arQund Him" so that faith may be "simplified and centered in a persQn." A second .outstanding lesson he learned is that the SermQn on the Mount "constitutes the technique of being a Christian," that it must be made the Christian's working philoSQphy .of life. The goal that it sets befQre man is "tQ be perfect or complete as the Father in heaven is perfect .or cQmplete." Ho"W the African Preacher Preaches 🙁 By Mrs. J. M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Belgian Congo j:: .• Missionary 0/ the American Methodist Episcopal Church •.

A T the recent Kassai-Katanga Sectional Mis- audience as well, by shouting munyayi. It was I"l.. sionary Conference held in Elisabethville, inexplicable to me, but it was perfectly evident that it had a particular significance to the natives, the discussion regarding the emerging who became instantly all attention. Native Church had a large place. There was no disagreement among the thirtY delegates from the "I knew," continued Mr. Fisher, "that munyayi eight different societies represented as to the was the name of a certain fungus growth on trees, progress that was being made among the Africans but what it had to do with sin in this sermon, I toward a self-sustaining church, and plans to could not imagine." bring about the consummation of that desirable state were discussed with intense interest. Later, when he had the evangelist alone, Mr. Fisher learned the whole story and wondered that Among these missionaries, one alone belonged he had never thought of its application before. In to the second generation. Mr. Singleton Fisher of their folk lore the munyayi, after it attaches itself the Garanganze Brethren Mission is the son of to the tree for a long time and has got its nutri- Dr. Walter Fisher, who pioneered this country as tion from the tree, becomes rotten at the heart a contemporary of Frederick Arnot, who married and loses its power to cling to the tree. Then it Dr. Fisher's sister. Arnot's strenuous pioneering cries out to the tree, "'See, I am falling, falling; experiences took heavy toll from him and he died don't push me off!" The tree replies, "I am not years ago, but Mrs. Arnot is still in Africa and pushing you off; it is your rotten heart that is the was present in May, 1931, at the jubilee commem- cause of your falling." orating the setting out of Mr. Arnot for Africa in 1881. On another occasion Mr. Fisher heard a native preaching to the people about their need of God Having been born in Africa, learning to speak and calling on them to love Him for His own sake. a native language before he learned his mother's Any native will acquiesce most cheerfully to this tongue, Mr. Singleton Fisher was able to make a outwardly, while inwardly making the mental valuable contribution to the discussion from his reservation that that is just a white man's notion own experience. and not pertaining to the life of himself at all. So they listened with their accustomed politeness "It is my profound conviction," he said, "that till suddenly they were startled into genuine inthere will be a strong African Church in the fu- terest by the word Sansembo. ture and that we are on the eve of tremendous things." He went on to say that though he was The preacher did not recount the story of Sanborn in this country and had lived among the sembo, for there was no need. The word itself Africans so many years, he had of late been sur- was enough for them to see the application to the prised to find the native evangelists launching out text. on new and independent lines, reaching the people with illustrations totally outside of his own ken. Sansembo, so runs the legend, was a mighty hunter. But one day while he was living far, far "The native still needs far, far more training from the land of his father's people, a plague than he has ever had up to the present – in the swept over the country-possibly smallpox-and Bible, in church history and in many other things. swept away all of his family, so that he was left But given those, with the native background so alone. This being the case, he thought he would familiar to him, he is able to present the Gospel go back to the tribe from which he sprang and message as no missionary can possibly do. hunt up some of the relatives there. A native especially wants his own kin with whom to live. "For example: We were having a service one day out in the villages and one of our evangelists But Sansembo was shrewd of wit as well as was preaching on sin. The natives were not par- clever with the gun, so he decided to test these ticularly interested, for the sense of sin is notably relatives and see who was who and which ones lacking in the native consciousness. All at once were worth cultivating. He took a small boy along the young man startled the missionary, and his who spoke two languages, the one of the distant [140]

HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES OF EIGHT SOCIETIES, IN CONFERENCE AT THE WALLACE MEMORIAL CHURCH ELISABETHVILLE, BELGIAN CONGO tribe where he had been living and also of his The boy ran ahead of them and toldSansembo father's tribe. The lad was to conceal the fact what the people had said. When they came to that he understood the latter language. Sansembo and the meat and found the gun intact, When he reached the first village of his father's people, he was greeted and welcomed most effu- they turned on the lad and berated him soundly sively, for the news had spread that he was a for having broken their hearts over the account mighty hunter. They begged him to settle among them, but he made no promises. of Sansembo's death. They told Sansembo how greatly they rejoiced that he was still alive and One day he said that he wanted to go hunting, but he had lost his gun on his long journey, and how they were his devoted relatives and they asked to borrow one of theirs. He wanted the best gun in the village. With some slight hesitation wanted him to live with them always. they let him have it and he went off and bagged his game. But Sansembo gave them back the gun and On his return, instead of entering the village, told them to cut up the meat for themselves. It he stopped some distance out on the veld and sent the small boy to tell the villagers that Sansembo was evident that all they wanted of him was the had shot an eland and a roanbuck. They shouted meat that he could get for them. So saying, he with joy at the news. "But," added the boy, "the pursued his search for more desirable relatives, gun burst." At that news the people began to following the same plan, and with the same regrumble irritably. "And Sansembo himself is sults, until at last one village was found where, dead," the boy concluded. when the lad told the people the story, tliey wept and cried, "What do we care for the gun? We can "Served him quite right," they retorted angrily never eat that meat because of our sorrow at losto one another, "for breaking the best gun in the ing Sansembo. Show us where the body is and we village. We will go out and get the meat and have will go and bury him like a chief and weep for that much, but we wish he had never come here." him for a month as he so deserves."

They were" in genuine grief over his loss. So Sansembo knew that he had found real kinsfolk who loved him for his own sake.

SINGLETON FISHER OF THE GARANGANZE MISSION, Then he went to Saveye, an evangelist-teacher, CENTR:AL AFRICA who called in some of the Christians and they prayed with him till he found forgiveness and The preacher proceeded to press the matter cleansing from sin. Ever since, Ndakala has been home on the people as to whether they had really an ardent witness for Christ and a very efficient ever loved God for His own sake, or were merely soul-winner. trying to get all the benefits they could from Him and wanted nothing more. Such an illustration Then there was Lucy. She had been converted was obvious to the dullest old heathen in the as a child in the Methodist Mission. According to village. Incidentally, it is also an illustration that custom, her parents had married her to a trader would not come amiss in some of our most exclu- when she was still scarcely more than a child. sive churches in America. The trader had once been a Christian, but had so backslidden that he hated the very name of Christ An illustration something like this pierced the and everything pertaining to religion. sodden brain of Ndakala, who was an addict of hemp-smoking till he had seemingly lost all moral Lucy and her husband travelled around from and human sense. He came upon a native who village to village, selling their wares. Lucy rarely had a New Testament, and as it was read to him saw a Christian and was much less able to attend he became strongly convicted of sin. He had church. Finally they drifted onto the railroad heard the missionary preach what was probably construction, where there was plenty of money in a much better sermon many times, but he had circulation, and Lucy's husband settled down for merely thought, "Oh, that is just the white man's a time. religion; it has nothing to do with me," Here Lucy found a woman by the name of Fo- After some days of agony over his sins, he toma, who used to call all the women together to sought out a devoted Christian and began to tell have meetings. As Lucy heard her speak, the him what a wicked man he had been. The native dying embers of her soul were quickened into a Christian went on calmly working at his job as a blaze of love for her Saviour. She had learned to carpenter and after awhile remarked laconically, read and write at the mission and now Fotoma "It is not your sins that is the matter with you, told her that the first thing she must do was to but sin." buy aNew Testament. When the native colporter came around, she bought a hymn book and a Tes- Ndakala went away more stricken than ever, tament, and as she read the Gospels her heart and for two weeks wept and prayed without any became so overcharged with joy that she had to relief. find an outlet and began to testify to those whom she met. This made her husband so furious that he gave up his flourishing trade and took Lucy far away from "that ranting crowd."

However, Lucy kept right on testifying and tell- ing about Jesus in the heathen villages where they were. Many reviled and jeered at her, but she was not dismayed. She worked hard every day in her garden, just like the other women, but she began to work early and finished early and then went forth evangelizing. Finally she ran across two young men who had also been at a mission and had backslidden after they returned to their vil- lages. As they heard Lucy they, too, were smitten and turned again to Christ. A large stream of converts has followed.

What the African Preacher Needs Mr. Fisher concludes his interesting story: "We must give the natives the best we have, especially of the Bible. We missionaries need to be saturated with the Bible.

"But we must not only give them a thorough introduction to the Bible, especially of the stories and facts, but we must teach them the facts of Christian history, notably the accounts of the martyrs and of devoted followers of Christ. They

need as much as we can give them of general A faint touch of white clay shows that it has knowledge, of elementary science, etc. It is not so come from a certain stream and is headed toward much that we should teach them all that is in the some feeding grounds on ahead. Further he reads Bible as that we must train them to get out of it that it is a female and that she has five little ones for themselves the nourishment it contains. with her, but the male was not with her. All this he gathers from a broken leaf or twig which first "You can trust the native to make deductions. caught his eye. He is well trained in that process. He is called on to draw his deductions from the slightest factors "The native pastor needs to be so inducted to that are wholly beyond the range of the white Bible study that he can draw his own illustrations man. first hand. He needs a good background of church history and he needs to learn many, many things DEMAS CHAMA. AN AFRICAN PREACHER. AND HIS FAMILY from the missionary by example as well as by word of mouth. It is the emerging native pastor "For example: A man is walking along the who must and will eventually lead his own people trail and sees a broken leaf on a shrub. To us it and head up the emerging Native Church." is only a broken leaf. To him there is the deduction that a wild pig has recently passed this way. There is, however, still a very pressing need and ample scope for all the missionaries now on the field and for many more in order that we may do this necessary training of evangelists for the great demand that is being made for them. The Christian Church is not keeping pace with the increasing population. There are actually more heathen in Central Africa today than there were fifty years ago when Arnot and Swan entered the country, in spite of the fact that then there was not a single native who had even heard the Gospel and now there are thousands of native Christians. The native pastor must truly increase, but he can not go forward unless he have the missionary be- hind him to prepare him for the work of getting his own deductions out of the Bible. The Word of God must first be put into his language by the missionary and then taught and the historical background given him.

God speed the day when the Church at home will realize this tremendous need for more mis- sionaries.

LORD IRWIN ON MISSIONS It is a common thing to hear the work of Christian missions disparaged. Generally the work of disparagement is done by those who have no knowledge of the facts, who probably never read a book on missionary work, never contributed a cent to the support of missions nor breathed a prayer for the extension of Christ's Kingdom throughout the world. It is those who are most vitally in contact with the work of missionaries who are the greatest supporters of them. They see the work of the Lord in heathen hearts, they see His arm bare in saving and redeeming power, they see lives changed, redeemed and sanctified, and souls saved for time and eternity. These facts are apparent to everyone who cares to take the trouble to investigate. It is the stay-at-home arm-chair critic who shuts his eyes blindly to the blessed results of the Gospel preaching around the world who "does not believe in missions."

Recently Lord Irwin, former Viceroy of India, addressed a gathering in London and paid a striking tribute to the work of the missionary in that great land. He said among other things– "While I was Viceroy I was able to see a good deal of their work, and appreciate not only its moral and social results, but the spirit in which it was conducted. Among outcasts and lepers, among criminal tribes, or aboriginal dwellers in jungle tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the hills, I have seen men and women slaving devotedly to translate the message of Christ into the practical language of Him who went about doing good. In spite of the tragedy of disunity within the Christian ranks, they are doing work of quite incalculable value to India, and their most powerful sermons are in their' lives."

Evangelical Christian.

Christians and the Je-ws

..q! I By MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. J: ..

~~~~~~~~~==~~==~==~~~ C HRISTIANITY is a divinely instituted mis- Church is the daughter to the synagogue. Has she sionary religion. The Church of Christ be- always been a respectful daughter? The Church's lieves that she has been entrusted with a approach to the Jew must necessarily be different wonderful message to all peoples. To make an from her approach to the nations of the heathen exception of any particular nation is to be untrue world. For "salvation is of the Jews," and if sal- to her calling and to harm her deepest life. vation has come to the Gentiles, it is "to provoke Yet voices are heard today saying that the them to jealousy." So far Gentiles, professing Christian Church ought to make such an excep- that salvation, have failed to make the Jews tion with regard to the Jewish people. "jealous." They have given them the impression Time was when the attitude of the so-called that Christianity is a gentilish fabrication instead Christian world towards the Jews living within of the fulfilment of the deepest quest in the Jew- her borders was that of unfriendliness. Grave ish heart.

wrongs were committed against that people, The religion of Christ is not intended to be the wrongs that were sanctioned and even encouraged destruction of Judaism, but its glorious fulfilment by those claiming to represent the Christian and transfiguration. It should not detach Jewish Church. Is it to be wondered at that, as a result, believers in the Messiah, foretold in their own the Gospel message was prejudiced in Jewish Scriptures, from their people, but rather it should eyes? We may even say that during the dark make them Israelites indeed.

centuries, when the so-called Christian world It is far better to be a good Jew than a poor penned up the Jews in filthy ghettos, there was Christian. We have, perhaps, been too anxious to more real piety and purity of life inside the ghet- "convert" the Jew. Rather awaken the God- tos than outside. consciousness in his soul, so that he will seek to But should the Christian Church of today de- rediscover the secret of the prophets, the psalm- cide to withhold from the Jewish people the mes- ists, the saints, the seers and mystics of his won- sage of salvation in the Messiah, who is the true derful past. That will put him in the way that "Glory of Israel"? Even though Israel does not leads straight to the greatest self-revelation of the yet see that glory, Christians would commit a God of Israel-the Messiah.

greater wrong against the ancient People of God Many of the modern missionary methods, which than when the Church systematically persecuted our Jewish brethren so deeply resent, may hinder and oppressed them. rather than help forward the attainment of this What are the facts? The mass of the Jewish goal. Perhaps we may have to change our meth- people today are religiously adrift. Hundreds of ods. But should we also change the original char- thousands of them are either altogether irrelig- ter of our commission, to testify to both Jews and ious or are seeking to slake their spiritual thirst Greeks, repentance towards God and faith to- by turning to strange shrines and drinking of wards our Lord Jesus Christ?

alien streams. The synagogue no longer meets Let us rather hasten the day when it will be their need. Judaism is felt to be a misfit in our possible to have a Jewish-Christian community, modern world. inside the environment of Jewry, and in loving Is the Christian Church to be blamed or to be touch with everything Jewish, and recognizing all commended if she says to these Jews not only, the "good" there is in the synagogue, but a com- "Come and join our quest for God and truth," but, munity that is able to demonstrate by transfigured "Come and share our discovery"? lives the "better" things that are found only by There is another side to the question. The union with the living Christ.

[144]

Recent Changes In

By the REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D. D.

New York ):-.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T REMENDOUS changes have taken place in long been teaching that human welfare is an es- the social, industrial, rural and educational sential part of the program of Jesus. life of the Mexican people. There are evi- Protestant churches have gained in leadership dences on every side of the practical working out and are growing in self-support. Most of the work of attempts to reconstruct Mexican life and to lay of the Church is now in the hands of Mexicans.

the foundations of a new, unified, progressive They lay emphasis on personal loyalty to Jesus state. Christ as Saviour and Lord, an evidence of sal- One cannot understand the deep significance of vation in personal living, and a deep interest in what is going on in Mexico without sOII1:e knowl- all social problems.

edge of her history and the social, rural and in- The increased emphasis on education by the dustrial heritage which nearly four hundred years government, so manifest throughout the Repub- of foreign influence-ecclesiastical, political and lic, will sooner or later make it necessary for the commercial- have left upon Mexico. evangelicals to define the purpose of the Church.

The revolution in Mexico has been essentially Schools in Mexico have the same problem which an effort to give the twelve or more millions of is appearing throughout the world. In both teach- peons or serfs the essentials of life. This means ing method and in character building, the church that they must have access to the soil and must schools have something very much better than be trained in responsible farming. Labor must no those controlled by the government.

longer be exploited. The people must be educated One cannot speak too highly of the Protestant and the health of every community must be safe- educational institutions. It is amazing what is guarded. being accomplished with such a small financial This revolution has involved the complete di- investment. Most of their income is from student vorcing of the Church from all political movements fees, but all of these schools must soon have some and civil institutions. These religious regulations endowment if their equipment and teaching staff were first being enforced five years ago. Those are to be kept in high order.

regulations forced a changed status upon all cleri- Out of these schools are coming not only the lay cal missionaries, the separation of all schools from and ministerial leaders of the evangelical churches Church control, the elimination of religious teach- but also many of the intelligent and sympatheti- ing from elementary schools, the confiscation of cally minded group of influential people in the Church property, and the registration of this social and educational and political life of Mexico property with the state, and the giving up of all who do not ally themselves with the Protestant civil rights by Church ministers. Naturally, those churches.

days brought much confusion, uncertainty, and New opportunities are arising in modern Mex- many difficult problems. ico which are a distinct challenge to the evangeli- The Evangelical Christian Movement has be- cal forces. Outstanding among these is a new come well adjusted to the new conditions. The approach to the young, educated Mexicans-the decision of the evangelical leaders quietly to ad- products of government schools, the rural and just themselves to the law, including all the regu- state normal schools for teachers, and the national lations regarding property, schools, registration, university. This group is increasing by thousands etc., contrasted with the attitude of the Roman each year. Many have long since lost interest in Catholic hierarchy and the so-called strike of .the the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and the Catholic clergy. The Evangelical Movement now coming generation of young Mexicans, educated, has an acknowledged place in the life of Mexico influential and modern in every respect, are likely and evangelicals have an increasing influence, as to grow up without any religious education what- is evidenced in the strength, initiative and sense ever. Some wili be antagonistic to all religion, for of responsibility shown by evangelical leaders, the influence from Russia and elsewhere has al- both ministers and laymen. The evangelicals have ready penetrated Mexico and is common talk in [145]

educated circles. This need can be met only by a Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists, sympathetic approach outside the ordinary evan- but now there are other denominations repregelical church circles. sented. Anyone from the States may join this American church by bringing a letter of recom- Another opportunity of almost equal importance mendation without disturbing his active memberis the provision of good Christian literature for ship at home. children, boys and girls, young people, and educated adults. This' will vary in type, but the Still another cooperative Protestant organizachances now for this service will never again ap- tion is the Young Men's Christian Association, pear to quite the same degree. There is also the which was started thirty years ago and has beopportunity of creating a really indigenous cur- come a very large and influential Christian force riculum for religious instruction of children and in Mexico City and throughout the Republic. The youth. Two kinds of literature are needed: one association has over 4,000 paid members and has for the Christian nurture of the evangelical com- had a large influence in shaping Mexico's new recmunity and the other for the increasing thousands reational development. It has had a considerable who are able to read, but for whom little is to be influence upon the lives of present-day Mexican found in the Spanish language. Much that is leaders who have been members of the association. obtainable now is positively vicious, lustful and poisonous. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica, under the able secretaryship of Dr. Samuel Dr. Elisha A. King writes that today there are Guy Inman, is composed of representatives of the at least seventeen Protestant organizations at American Protestant groups serving in Mexico, work in Mexico. The American Baptist Home Central and South America. It has done much to Missionary Society entered in 1861. The Ameri- foster a better understanding and a more Chriscan Friends Board of Foreign Missions and the tian cooperation between the two continents, and Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the has promoted evangelization, Christian education, Protestant Episcopal Church began operations in and the production of Christian literature for 1870. The Presbyterian (U. S. A.), the Methodist these lands. It has also helped place the longings Episcopal (South) and the American Board (Con- and needs of the people of these southern repubgregational) entered in 1872. The Presbyterian lics upon the hearts and minds of North American Church South entered in 1874. The American friends. Bible Society began its activities in 1878 and the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. started It is difficult to secure accurate statistics as to its work in 1902. The Southern Baptist Society how many Protestants there are in Mexico today. did not enter until 1880. The Christian (Disciples) The number is about 50,000, of whom 18,000 are Woman's Board of Missions began work in 1895. Presbyterians, 15,000 Methodists and 700 Congre- Other denominations, such as the Seventh-Day gationalists. The balance is divided amongnumer- Adventists, the Nazarenes, and the Church of ous other denominations. Very likely there are God, also carryon missionary work. 50,000 actual church members and a very large constituency of interested people. At first the missionaries carried on their activities anywhere they pleased, but a time came when The methods of work used are evangelistic it was felt that there ought to be some better way preaching, church services, Sunday schools, day of evangelizing the country. Consequently a con- schools, industrial schools, higher educational inference of denominational leaders was held in stitutions, social settlement work, hospitals and Cincinnati in 1914 and it was agreed to divide dispensaries, and, of course, the diversified activi- Mexico among the Congregationalists, Presbyte- ties of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. G. Baez rians, Methodist Episcopal (South) and Methodist Comargo, Secretary of the Mexican National Episcopal (North) and the Disciples and Friends. Christian Council, an outstanding religious leader The other denominations decided to continue to go of Latin America, has done wonderful service for .their own way and locate where they pleased. The Protestant Christianity in Mexico, especially in the plan has worked well so far as the denominations field of religious education. He has the support of accepting it have been concerned. all the Protestant bodies at work in Mexico.

One of the most interesting Protestant develop- Rev. Victoriano D. Baez, in "The Genius of ments is the Union Theological Seminary, organ- Mexico," says truly: "Protestantism in Mexico is ized in Mexico City in 1917, with Dr. John How- not fighting to impose its creeds on Catholicism land, a Congregational minister, as its first presi- or any other branch of religion, but is trying to dent. enter into cooperation with all the living forces in the country – social, philanthropic, cultural and Another interesting development of this co- religious – for the moral elevation, social betteroperative plan is the Union Evangelical Church ment and complete redemption of the Mexican in Mexico City. It was originally made up of people."

Progress In Puerto

..:J! By JARVIS S. MORRIS, San German, Puerto Rico J!:..

I N the matter of evangelism the Presbytery of They strive toward an evangelical code of morals, Puerto Rico is the most active presbytery for but feel that they cannot give themselves over to its size in the whole General Assembly. While the churches because of social, political or comthe whole Church won one member on confession mercial considerations. Large numbers of the of faith for every 20.4 members, the Puerto Rican men are Masons, despite the opposition of the Church added one for every 7.6 members. Only Roman Church. Probably less than five per cent four presbyteries made a better average than this: of the people who call themselves Catholics regu- North Arizona, Jonesboro (Ark.), Rendall (Cana- larly attend the confessional or the mass. Only dian Synod), and Birmingham (Tenn.). All of when the images of Christ, the Virgin, and the these are very small, the largest having 730 mem- saints are being carried through the streets at bel's, whereas the Island Presbytery has' 3,266. Christmas and Easter do the people attend the worship in any large numbers. Twenty-five presbyteries in the Church have between 3,000 and 4,000 church members, and If a Puerto Rican leader, with a personality reamong these the average number of new members sembling that of Gandhi or Kagawa, should arise received on confession was one in every 21.2. The to lead a movement of evangelical thought, couched record of the Island Presbytery is almost three in the aesthetic forms so dear to the Latin imagitimes as large; it actually received 428 on con- nation, he would no doubt find a large following fession. and could build a church on liberal lines some- thing like the Old Catholic Church. Would it be Admitting that the Kingdom of God cometh not called the Evangelical Catholic Church? with the counting of heads, we find cause for thanksgiving in the evangelistic leadership of this To this unchurched group the evangelical insular presbytery which is only a short genera- churches could appeal effectively if they would tion old. The rapid growth may be attributed to unite in one United Evangelical Church of Puerto a number of causes: Rico. Last year three of the nine denominations- the United Brethren, the Congregationalists, and 1. The ministry is distinctly Puerto Rican. the Christians-united to form a church by that There is only one continental American serving a name and invited the others to unite with them. church in the whole presbytery – the English- Thus far, however, the union is made up of only speaking church of the Polytechnic Institute at the three denominations. The Presbyterians have San German. There are only four American not accepted because they fear a lowering of the members of the presbytery. The chairman of the educational standards of the ministers, a decrease mission is a Puerto Rican, the Rev. Angel Archilla in ministerial salaries, and the loss of their fely Cabrera, D. D. A people can best be won to lowship with the church in the north. The Pres- Christ through its own leaders. byterians number as many as the three denomi- nations combined in the union. To enter the union 2. The presbytery is made up almost entirely of would mean sacrifice at a number of points, but young men. Nine-tenths of the churches are served the gains of presenting a united front to the by pastors under forty years 'Of age, and many people would far outweigh such a loss. pastors are under thirty. Whatever their other faults, young men are enthusiastic and active. Evangelical churches could further strengthen their effectiveness by placing more emphasis on 3. In spite of its ancient Roman Catholic tra- worship-form and ritual, pageantry and those dition and heritage, Puerto Rico is not Romanist beautiful forms in which God's truth glows. It is by conviction, but only by habit and sentiment. difficult to build a great Latin Evangelical Church Many of the people are beginning to think inde- upon the plain Anglo-Saxon lines. The religion of pendently and to search for a larger way of life. an artistic people must contain more aesthetic and Some who reject Roman Catholicism as a means emotional elements than that of a practical, workof salvation go into the evangelical churches. a-day people. Few of the Protestant Church edi- fices compare in beauty with those of the Roman Many educated and refined people are no longer tied to the old religious customs and yet have not found spiritual homes in the evangelical churches.

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Church. The evangelicals have been careful not to talk to her boy and lead him into the Church, but cause offense by having pictures, statues or other when the pastor asked if she wanted him to try to forms of adornment in the churches. They have persuade her daughter also, she replied: "Oh, no! certainly offended none, but they may have failed My girl must remain a Catholic." They fear that to inspire many. the girls cannot marry men of the better families if they become Cultistas. Even this distinction SAN GERMAN-THE OLDEST CHURCH IN THE WESTERN between the social requirements upon the different HEMISPHERE. BUILT IN 1530 sexes, however, is becoming less noticeable.

From the days of the "conquistadores" there At the beginning of the work the churches sufhave been in Puerto Rico the owning class and fered from the lack of trained leadership. The the laboring class. Even the rapid progress of first pastors were poorly trained, but now two democracy has not destroyed the line of demarka- growing institutions insure intellectual and spirtion, as it has scarcely done even in the United itual training-the Polytechnic Institute and the States. As the common people heard Jesus gladly, Union Theological Seminary at Rio Piedras, both it was the common people who heard gladly the interdenominational. The former offers a liberal first evangelical missionaries. The so-called upper arts course of four years with a distinct Christian classes, the old families, have held back, since the tone, granting the A. B. degree. An organized first cause of this holding back on the part of the student Presbyterian Church has in its memberwealthier and more socially elite was that the ship about sixty-five per cent of the student body. common people were there first. The officers of Bible and Christian education courses provide for the churches were shoemakers, share-croppers, a major, and twelve term hours are required of and the like. The aristocrats would have had to each student to receive the degree. Daily morning sit in the pews beside their servants, perhaps, for prayers, weekly Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, the young Church demanded democracy and would and Sunday school and church provide religious not provide two types of seats as the Catholic instruction, inspiration, and opportunity of exchurches did. So social barriers kept them out of pression. The Polytechnic Institute has graduated the churches. five classes of college-trained young men and women, who are taking their places of moral There is another reason: The common people leadership in their respective fields. heard the emotional without the aesthetic appeal, but the upper classes wanted the intellectual and MARQUIS SCIENCE HALL. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. aesthetic as well. SAN GERMAN Today the social barriers to the Gospel are The Evangelical Seminary offers a three-year breaking down slowly but steadily. Every year theological course. An increasing number of minsees an increasing number of the educational and isterial candidates are taking a full college course many political leaders of the island embracing either in the University of Puerto Rico or in the Protestantism. Polytechnic Institute before they take the theo- logical course. The struggle between the Gospel and social customs has brought forth a number of interesting The future of evangelicalism in Puerto Rico is developments. The women have accepted far more hopeful because of the growing spirit of unity, readily than the men, because of the moral stand- the vigor of the churches and ministers, and the ards upheld by the evangelicals. The old double developing equipment to train capable leadership. standard obtains to a marked degree in Puerto The Church will rise as her leaders encourage and Rico. Whereas these standards keep many work- lead her upward. ing men out of the Church, when their wives and daughters enter, the social customs keep the women and girls of the higher class out of the Church, whereas the men of the same group accept more readily. A mother urged a pastor to

Dynamic of Home Missions*

..:( By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., New York J!: ..

President of the Home Missions Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

I F WE define opportunity in terms of needs we have turned aside from the paths of joy, for and problems, the Christian Church in Amer- everywhere discontented, weary faces tell the tale. ica never had such an opportunity as it has Selfishness has born its unfailing harvest of grief today. Never were the needs of the home mission and wrong and injustice. One phase of evil suc- fields so great and the problems of administration ceeds another, or an outer evil changes to an so vital to the nation, to the inner, until it seems an endless, world, and to the Kingdom of hopeless task to reform our- God, as in this critical hour. This is an age when men selves or our nation or our w 0 r s hip power-political, The Master is saying again to world. His representatives: "Say not financial, mechanical, elec- This is a conclusion to which ye four months, and then trical power. They are tired cometh harvest." This is the of theories or methods that we are being gradually, slowly, word of agriculture, of indus- do not produce results. The unwillingly driven. If ever the try, of commerce, of govern- missionary cause is sometimes universe conspired to press any ment today, but it is not the criticised today for lack of truth upon the mind of man, it power to change conditions- is conspiring at this moment word of religion if by religion whatever may h a v e been to convince him that he is not we mean Christianity and by achieved in the past. sufficient unto himself, that he Christianity we mean Christ. Dr. McDowell, the Presi- was not meant to live and work dent of the Home Missions This is His word to us today: Council, delivered, at the re- apart from God; that human "Behold, I say unto you, lift up cent conference in Toronto, nature is so constituted as to be your eyes and look on the fields, an address that struck fire. dependent upon the transcendfor they are white already unto It gave the secret of power- ent God. harvest." the "Dynamic of Home Mis- It is well that these facts are The present is not only an sions"-and it is the same slowly finding their way into hour to look out, it is an hour the con sci 0 usn e s s of the that transforms churches and to look up; not only an hour to individuals. It is worth read- Church, the nation and the look up, but an hour to look ing. world. Practically, if not theo- within, within ourselves, our retically, we have repudiated churches and our Home Mis- our dependence upon God. As a sion organization, to discover not only our needs, result, our spiritual disaster has already come. We but our supreme need-the one thing without have banished joy, peace and order from our midst.

which we cannot fulfil our mission or realize our Despite increasing knowledge and more perfect purpose, namely, an adequate dynamic for our machinery, greater skill and larger expenditure work. in religious ministry, more thought and culture If ever Christianity in terms of home missions in the Church, nothing avails to put inward life had its chance, it is now. The present national and movement into the Christianity of today.

and international conditions are demonstrating Everywhere there is tentativeness and hesitation, conclusively that human resources at their best a want of initiative, of heartiness, and adventure.

are unequal to the demands of this tragiG and be- Pathetic withdrawals, retrenchments, and timid wildering hour. We see more clearly than ever compromises mark the track of missionary effort that with all our getting and planning, our doing and Christian service. The strong, positive, sus- and striving, we are never really happy, even in taining, inspiring, sacrificial, courageous note is the palmy days of prosperity. It is evident that lacking. The· power to produce a s·pontaneous and effective spiritual impulse does not seem to be at ;2~~~~~eg.a:!J~~Ja!~~:14~e~~rl. of the Home Missions Council available in this very challenging and critical time.

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Let us hope and pray that by our woes and Acts," that certain things did not make the Aposdisillusionments we are being made ready to re- tolic Church. turn to God; that we are beginning to desire that He should come and take the reins out of our Numbers did not make it; its membership was weak hands; that the time will come, and come never large. soon, when "the government shall be upon His shoulders." Society, pierced with a thousand Organization did not make it; it had little or wrongs, sees in this its cure. no organization.

At this great crisis in the moral and spiritual Equipment did not make it; the Apostolic history of our race, let us make no mistakes as to Church was not noted for its buildings and facilwhat we need. It certainly is not more science, ities. more knowledge, more machinery, more money, but a new spiritual power that this torn world of Wealth did not make it; its membership was ours-weary with efforts and struggles, with from the poor. methods and mechanics, with figures and facts, with pronouncements and programs-insistently Prestige did not make it; in all probability one and persistently demands. All religious organi- would have had great difficulty in locating the zations must face the fact that there is nothing Apostolic Church in anyone of the cities or this distracted and distressed world needs more, centers at that time. and would more heartily welcome today, than an influx of spiritual power. The supreme need of What, then, did make the Apostolic Church? the hour is spiritual power. Other needs, great as they are, sink into insignificance beside this 3. The Apostolic Church was made by the Aposurgent, vital and imperative need. tolic ministry.

In the consciousness of the unparalleled oppor- It is obvious from the record that the Apostles tunity offered to the home missionary enterprise were men captured by the reality of Christ's today, and the need of an adequate dynamic to claims, the beauty of His life, the adequacy of His meet this unparalleled opportunity, I soaked my- teaching, the value of His death, the power of His self last summer in the Book of "The Acts," the resurrection, and the supremacy of His Spirit. "Life of Dwight L. Moody," and the last Annual It is utterly impossible to explain the power and Report of the Home Missions Council. I wanted progress of the Apostolic Church apart from the to discover, first, the supreme need of the home Apostolic ministry. Here, again, the book of "The mission enterprise, and, second, an adequate Acts" makes it clear that certain things did not dynamic to meet this need. Out of this experience make the Apostolic ministry. the following convictions registered themselves relative to the dynamic of all missionary service. Learning did not make it; outside of the Apostle Paul, none of the Apostles were learned men. What Made the Apostolic Age Unique Official position did not make it; none of them held official positions in either the Church or State.

Money did not make it; they had no budget; they were numbered among the poor.

Influence did not make it; Peter and John did not have enough influence to keep out of prison.

What, then, did make the Apostolic ministry?

1. The Apostolic Age is the greatest age in the 4. The Apostolic ministry was made by cooperhistory of the Christian Church. ation with the Holy Spirit in making Jesus Christ a living reality to all men. Measured by whatsoever standards you please, the Apostolic Age stands unique in its task, its The Holy Spirit to the Apostolic ministry was difficulties, its achievements, and its influence. It more than a religious phrase or a theological term. was this age that gave us the Christian Church, When God promised the Holy Spirit to man, it the New Testament, the Christian Lord's Day, was the deepest, holiest reality of His being that and made Christendom possible. Apart from the He meant-not only His thought, His words, His Apostolic Age it is impossible to understand benefits, but the very ground of them. What He Christian civilization. What made the Apostolic has given to humanity in the Holy Spirit is His Age? heart and life and power. _ 2. The Apo,stolic Age was made by the Apos- Cooperation with the Holy Spirit made Christ tolic Church. a definite, personal experience in the life and work According to the Book of "The Acts," the Apos- of the Apostolic ministry. It made fellowship tolic Church was a converting, transforming, in- with Christ a transforming power. It also made spiring, conquering Church. It changed not only the Gospel of Christ "the power of God unto sal- individuals, but communities and ultimately na- vation to everyone who believeth"; it made the tions. It is clear, also from the book of "The . Great Commission of Christ an inescapable obli-

THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS

gation, and self-sacrifice for Christ a privilege and and cultured; the moral life and intellectual a joy. Apart from cooperation with the Holy capacity of her membership are keyed to a higher Spirit, it is impossible to explain or understand pitch than ever before; her preaching is the best the life, work and power of the Apostolic ministry. the world has ever heard from an intellectual standpoint; her services are beautiful and at- Power for the Present Day tractive; her organization is well nigh perfect; 5. The only adequate dynamic for home mis- her equipment surpasses that of any other age; sions in our day is a spiritual dynamic that will but what of results? Are they not pitifully make Jesus Christ a living reality in the life of all meagre by comparison with the outlay? Are not men, regardless of creed, color or condition. many of our churches living on from year to year without any additions on confession of faith in Experience has shown conclusively that the Christ, and without any perceptible influence on scientific mind, the philosophic mind, the economic the communities in which they are located? mind, and the social mind, without the glow of spiritual truth and spiritual power, cannot save In lands like ours we rightly expect the Chrisman or regenerate the nation. Our age has more tian Church to be the all-potent influence concomforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it has more trolling in every department of life, shaping ease, but it lacks peace; it has more science, but ~olitics, guiding industry, molding society, swayit secretly hungers for Christ. mg commerce, commanding the loyal services of all intelligent persons and banishing all unchris- Organized Christianity has been shaken to its tian forces. But it is not so. Why? Because, foundations. The ordinary course of practical w~th all her equipment of wealth and machinery, experimental religion has been arrested and has wIth all her purity and culture, with all her separated into innumerable shallow streams that prestige and persistence, there is not sufficient meander aimlessly and feebly over wide tracks of spiritual power in the Church to make this efhuman life, but without power to fertilize and fective. Of what avail is the most perfect organirenew them. zation, the most complete equipment, the most ac- Experience has shown that it is not enough to curate knowledge, the most attractive service if there be no dynamic within to make them efbe occupied with the machinery of the home missionary enterprise, with the multiplication and improvement of home missionary organizations fectual? and institutions. These are not primarily the "In this world of shallow believers and weary means by which the new heart and a new state of workers," says Phillips Brooks, "how we need the society will come into being. They are rather the Holy Spirit. We may go on our way, ignoring instruments that will be used when it has come- all the time the very forces we need to help us the home in which it will dwell, the temple in do our work. These forces still may help us. which it will worship, the body in which it will The Holy Spirit may help us, will surely help us serve. Such agencies have a great function, but· as far as He can, even if we do not know His that function is not the creation of life itself. If name or ever call upon Him. But there is so much we ask them to create the living impulse, we are more He might do for us if we would only open imposing upon them a task of which they are in- our hearts and ask Him to come into them." capable. We shall be disappointed-finding again, We need, as representatives of the home missionas we have found in the past and are finding now, ary enterprise, to hold our faith in the Holy Spirit as the dynamic of our work, not as a form of that with every outward appliance and equipment in missionary service there is but little stir or words bu t as aeflfiovritnsgapnodwmera,kiinnsgpiursinignsoturrumlievnets~ movement; that while perfect organizations vitalizing our abound, the life that should fill and use them lags in the hands of God for the conversion and saving of souls. far behind.

We are more and more convinced that we can- What Is Required of Us not go on living as we have done in the past. If the future of North America is to be Christian, It is evident that the primary problem confront- we must recover the spiritual impulse that has ing home missions today is in the realm of been lost. Nay, it is not enough to recover it, we dynamics, rather than in the realm of mechanics.

must have a far mightier spiritual power in this The need of the hour is not more knowledge, but day of complex needs, multiplied problems, and more action; not more campaigns, but more con- challenging conditions than we have ever had in secration; not more statistics, but more spiritual- the past. ity; not more councils, but more cooperation with We have everything else. Never was the the Holy Spirit. What, then, does cooperation church so well equipped as today. She is wealthy with the Holy Spirit demand of us today in home

missions? Let us make it clear that it demands the thought of our lands, to proclaim that there at least the following things: is not a thought in philosophy, not an ideal in 1. Consecrated pers.onality. History shows ethics, not a principle in sociology, not a program that God has always worked through persons, per- in practical reform worth considering that is not sons who are possessed by His purpose, fired with implicit and explicit in Christianity. The most His principles, and filled with His spirit. Con- urgent appeal of our day to representatives of secrated personality in home missions is the only Christ is to bring every thought-social, political, thing that makes the goodness of God visible, the economic, intellectual, national and international forgiveness of God genuine, the sympathy of God -into captivity to Jesus Christ. A program of natural, and the love of God irresistible. The exclusively external betterment is often declared Spirit of God today is seeking for men and women to be synonymous with or a sufficient substitute in whom Christianity is more than a set of correct for essential Christianity. Such a claim is a conviews, more than a system of philosophy, to whom tradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by it is a way of life, of discipline, of service, and bread alone."

an utter self-committal to a career of unceasing If home missions is to bring every thought into service and unlimited sacrifice. Every problem captivity to Jesus Christ, home mission repre- confronting the nation today is waiting, in the sentatives must know the mind of Christ regard- last analysis, for consecrated personality. This ing the social problems of our day, such as the call has been nowhere more pointedly stated than problems of wealth, poverty, industry, unemploy- in the following excerpt from a letter recently ment, and insecurity of economic position in in- addressed to the members of the Clergy Club of dustry. These problems combine to create a New York by the Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst on strong demand for a social as well as an individual the occasion of the unveiling of his picture by the expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this club: demand creates an obligation from which no in- I feel that this is an unusual occasion. I understand dividual or institution bearing the name of Jesus that you plan, first, to unveil me, and then to hang me. Christ can consistently escape. The hour is lt hardly seems right for me not to be around at such an calling, and calling loudly, for Christians who are intimate ceremony. The least I can do is to appear by not afraid to reason or ashamed to believe. The proxy, so I send you this affectionate greeting. ultimate foundation of every nation is a way of thinking. As a nation thinketh in its heart, so Seriously, there are not enough unveilings or enough hangings in New York City. The whole world knows that our politicians have degraded the word "corruption," but is it. we need chapter, verse and telephone numbers to prove it. There are charges aplenty, but not enough of the kind The home missionary enterprise cannot estab- that go in cannon. Our moral powder only makes a pretty lish the Kingdom of God in North America on bon-fire, unless we ram it down a pointed nozzle before hearsay, or convert the world by those who can igniting it. When shall our corrupt city put on incorrup- only tell what other people are thinking. It detion? When all of you, my dear friends, decide with your mands apostles, not reporters; men of convictions, whole soul that it shall do so. 'not echoes; original witnesses, not men who can sift and state the judgment of others; heroes by The personal touch is at the beginning of every the compulsions of the soul, not straws floating on new departure in individual and national life. the stream of current opinion. The home mis- Consecrated personality is the crowning wonder sionary enterprise can do nothing with mere of this wonderful universe. Men make history; traditionalists. It demands men who do their own men make home missions. It is personal char- thinking, toil through to their own conclusions, acter that counts. Nothing is so potent as soul and go to their work with the impact of a perforce in the establishment of the Kingdom of God. sonal conviction and the conquering energy of a The new man and the new nation are bought with personal character. A man's religion is not worth price-aye, with the price of consecrated person- much until it is more than an echo. It may begin ality. There is no substitute for consecrated with that. It often does so begin, but it must personality in home mission service and civic not stop there. It must not simply be held by service.

2. Creative thinking. Let it not be forgotten him; it must hold him, master him, sway him in that the home mission enterprise is primarily one all that he is and does in the city and in the state, of missionary thought. It is a philosophy before in the home and in the Church. Religion in the it is an activity. We cannot expect to have our home missionary enterprise is not a set of opin- nations based on Christian principles so long as ions, it is a life; not the recitation of a creed, but our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian the repeating of the work of Jesus; not the func- philosophers and materialistic socialists. The tion of a fingerpost, but a person becoming for times are appealing to home missions to capture others the "way" and "truth" and "life". We

must capture the thought of North America if menta The home mISSIOn enterprise, therefore, North America is to be genuinely christianized. should be satisfied with nothing less than a saved 3. Commanding obiectives. Reconciliation of soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. the individual soul with God through the work and Only as we make the nations of North America influence of the Holy Spirit is the foundation upon spiritually strong can they serve the world. which any effective christianization of the nation or the world must be built. Home missionary 4. Cooperative spirit. It has become obvious work is always the immediate duty of the Chris- that there must be something more than cultivated tian Church. The evil that lies at the heart of and saintly individuals in the home mission enterthe nation and the world is a moral evil, and it prise, valuable as they are, if the work of chriswill only be driven out by a moral conqueror. The tianizing the nations of North America is to be Gospel of Christ meets this evil with the prayer: successfully carried forward. Men must join "Create in me, 0 God, a clean heart, and renew a hands to inspire one another, and also to create right spirit within me." This does not imply that the volume of power needed to sweep obstacles Christianity is indifferent to right conditions, but from the path of progress and to conquer the that we have learned from experience that right enemies of truth and right. The emancipation of conditions are impossible without the clean heart the individual is a great gain, but the best part of and the right spirit. Regeneration, therefore, of his emancipation comes when he begins to work the individual is the basis of all moral. progress in common with and for others. Cooperation represents not simply addition, but multiplication.

and enlightenment, the necessary first step toward Team work always tells, a:nd especially in misevery good, whether personal or public, social or sionary work. Marching together, the distance is shorter; singing together, the cheer is louder; political, commercial or religious. standing together, the temptations are more The Christian Church has no right to abate one easily resisted; lifting together, the burden is jot of zeal or faith or effort in home missionary gladly borne; praying together, the victory is work so long as there remains in all the land one surely won. Cooperation both· multiplies and unchristian community, in the community one un- hallows the energies of men and organizations. christian household, in the household one unsaved soul; The hour has come in Protestant Christianity when we must heal our divisions, combine our re- The Good News for Society sources, and unite our forces if the Protestant Church is to bring the Kingdom of God into the The Christianity of the New Testament aims at life of North America. Competition may be the not only a perfect man, but a perfect society-the life of trade, but it is the death of morals and the Kingdom of God. While the Gospel of Christ ad- disgrace of religion. We must have a coopera- dresses itself to the conscience and affection of tion today not only in terms of spirit, but in terms the individual, it must not be forgotten that it of actual operation which will eliminate over- addresses him as a member of a social organism. lapping and overlooking, not only in mission fields, "God and one man," says Dr. Charles H. Park- but in all fields of work. The needs and claims hurst, "could make any other religion, but it re- of North America should lead the denominations quires God and two men to make Christianity." now to submerge all ecclesiastical animosities, and The entrance of the second man into Christianity non-essential demands. The time and strength makes necessary the social Gospel, and this fact spent in controversies are needed today for ag- was undoubtedly in the mind of Jesus Christ gressive and constructive work in the interest of throughout all His life and ministry. In the sum- the Kingdom. The time has come when we must mary of the law, Jesus combined the personal and end the waste of spiritual energy and consecrated social objectives of His Gospel. "Love the Lord, money.

thy God, and love thy neighbor." Obedience to Cooperation in missionary work multiplies the the first command saves the individual, and noth- power of each in the service of all, and therefore ing else can save him; obedience to the second should be welcomed by all churches bearing the saves society, and nothing else can save society. name of Jesus Christ. Bigotry, dogmatism and Such facts as these make it evident that Christ sectarianism cannot feed the soul of the nation.

intended His Gospel to be not only a way of life Nothing but conference, cooperation and combina- for the sinner, but a law of life for society. The tion will meet the needs of the nations now.

ministry of home missions must be to the whole Whatever may be our views about organic man, body, mind and soul; it must look to the unity, there certainly should be no difference betterment of his environment and make secure among those who believe in Christ about the need his opportunities for self realization and improve- and the wisdom of cooperation in every effort to

make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the fear of pressing the Gospel of Christ upon the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. people, fear that has sealed our lips when every- thing around us is whispering of God, of the The gigantic iniquities of modern society are Cross, of redemption through sacrifice; when thoroughly organized and directed by able leaders. human hearts are softened and ears bent to listen To accomplish its purpose, the home missions and only our enlightening and confirming word enterprise, therefore, must excel all other organi- is needed to interpret and apply the great truths zations in the value of its objectives and the of Christianity to the souls of men and the life of wisdom and power of its representatives. No nations. Christian body should stand apart from any other followers of Christ today on account of differences Let us see to it that the hesitancy and halfof belief respecting non-essentials. No mere heartedness of our religious appeal is succeeded speculative dogma should separate our Christian now by a strong and positive call on all men to denominations from one another in the battle for seek God. Let us go forth throughout the land on righteousness. It is more necessary to help the an embassy of peace, saying to all sorts and consoul that sins and suffers than to assert our ditions of men: "Be ye reconciled to God" for peculiar notions about metaphysical subjects. "now is the accepted time," "now is the day of The various religious bodies in our nations ought salvation." We need not fear rebuff or indifferto appreciate one another more than at present, ence as the right spiritual note is struck in this and cooperate toward commol'l ends more than hour-that note which is in harmony with the they do. God's army today is marching in too elemental spiritual need of man and of society. many disconnected divisions and under too many There will be a ready response, men will flock petty flags. Denominations need not disband, but into the Kingdom, and a religious revival will they must work together if the Spirit of God is to break out that will go through the length and have an instrument through which North Amer- breadth of the land. The most urgent need of our ica is to be saved. Love for the Incarnate Christ day is not for service but for spirituality. A soul ought to be a sufficient passport for every soldier filled with the spirit of God will certainly bow of Christ. That, alone, ought to make him wel- down and lift the lowly. But a generation that come in every camp and at every altar. discounts the spirit of God and ceases to love Jesus Christ will not long serve humanity. What The Need of the Present Situation makes Christianity a triumphant religion is not the law of love, but its love of Christ. The heart This present situation constitutes a great of Christianity-what gives it creative power, trumpet call that is bidding all who care about the what sends out missionaries, what saves sinners, issues of the present world-wide crisis to rally to what builds churches, what produces character, the standard of Christ; bidding them renew their and enriches civilization-is not so much a prehope, enthusiasm and power at the one great cept as a personality, and that the personality of source, and then go forth and throw themselves Jesus Christ. The supreme thing in Christianity heart and soul into the spiritual service of their is not Christ's teachings, however superior, but country; recognizing that it is a national service the spirit of His life; not interest in an ethical of the highest order and calls for self-sacrifice and code, but loving, sacrificial discipleship; not a devotion that is on a par with the greatest demand system of doctrine about Christ, but a profound that any other branch of the Kingdom service can devotion to Him as the giver of eternal life. the make on men. only Saviour of the world.

It is the news of a transcendent God that our The home mission enterprise, in the last analyage supremely needs, the Gospel of a God who can sis, must depend not upon its pretentions, but and does break through into human affairs in a upon its performances; not upon its attitude, but supernatural way, bringing order, peace, power upon its activities; not upon its sacramental and abiding gladness into human life. This is holiness, but upon its spiritual helpfulness. Its preeminently a time for taking bold, strong, appeal will be effective in proportion to its ravigorous steps, for initiating positive action in the tionality, humanity and spirituality, and its augreat work of publishing the Christian evangel, thority will be recognized in proportion to its for seeing how to surround it with every circum- vision, inspiration, conviction, power and love. If stance of c(2)mpelling, constraining, and convicting we capture the present for Christ, the future of power. It is high time to overcome the nervous North America will be safe.

Progress In Home Missions?

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York ):..

Extracts from the Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE North American Home Missions Con- Conferences should be followed up. The first Con- gress, which met at the close of 1930, was tinuation Conference scheduled for 1932 was most significant. Its power and influence held in Indianapolis, Ind., in connectiem with the is being proved and its findings are accepted as Ministers' Convocation and five other conferenees the best word on home missions. were set up for February in strategic centers in The follow-up of that Congress is most gratify- Ohio. It is our hope to hold twenty or thirty of ing. The Missionary Education Movement is them throughout the United States.

majoring this year on "The Challenge of Change," Several cooperative projects are under way, in- by Dr. John M. Moore, written cluding the Cooperative and Re- with the deliberate purpose of ligious Center at Boulder City, promoting the findings and Has the day for home mis. the new town which is to be the message of the Congress. It is sions passed? .What is being home of the people employed on being studied in thousands of done for the twenty million that great Hoover Dam in churches throughout the coun- foreign born in the United Southern California. Repre- try. In a Teachers' Manual on States? Are we overlooking sentatives of six denominations the Data Books and Findings or conducting rival missions met and set up a tentative or- Books of the Congress, Dr. for the Indians, the Negroes, ganization of the Hoover Dam Casselman of the Reformed the Spanish-speaking people, Interdenominational Religious Church in the U. S. Board has lEtuhumerobMpeeromarmnesno,,ntsth,heethmOeirgmireainnnteatrlwss oaarnnkdd- Council to present a program of made an exhaustive study of worship, religious education and this material and has arranged ers and dwellers in mountains social service. Later the South· it in shape for use in mission and in city slums? Dr. King ern California Superintendents'

study classes. tells the story of progress Council enthusiastically ap- A series of conferences and made by the united effort of proved the movement and other public meetings, looking to the mission boards cooperating in denominations expressed the enlistment of all the denomina- the Home Missions Council. desire to cooperate. As a re- tional groups in a great Home suIt of several conferences with Mission advance, is a joint government officials about this effort of the Home Missions Council, and the project, and visits to Hoover Dam, Las Vegas and Council of Women for Home Missions and the Los Angeles, the Cooperative Religious and Social Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Center of Boulder City has been established and America to carry down to the local churches the is now well under way with the following denomi- message of the Congress, and the results of the nations cooperating: Presbyterian U. S. A., Meth- studies of the Five Year Program of Survey and odist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Disciples, Adjustment. The first of this series was held in United Brethren, United Presbyterian. The Rev.

Cincinnati in November and was followed by the Thomas E. Stevenson, pastor of the Presbyterian Pacific Coast series in December to include Seat- Church of Burbank, California, has been elected tIe, Portland, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, pastor and director and began his work October 1, Sacramento, Los Angeles and Denver. In the 1931. Meetings are being held at present in the nine conferences held during November and De- mess hall of the six companies and the Sunday cember there was a total attendance of approxi- School of 127 is meeting in two bungalows. A mately 3,000. We heard in every place such re- movement is under way to secure a building for marks as "this is the best conference we have the religious program and for a parsonage for the had for years," and "you are bringing us fresh director, "Parson Tom," as he is called. There are and interesting information and making us see 300 children of school age in the town. Mr. Ste- home missions in a new light." The unanimous venson has attempted a difficult task but great judgment of the team is that these Continuation service can be rendered. The attendance at his [155]

first evening service was about 100 and at the a liaison committee between the Councils and the second evening service was 127. If some churches Indian Department of the Government. could donate hymn or travel slides for the stereopticon, this would help in his work. A joint committee representing the Interna- tional Missionary Council, the Federal Council, An Every Community Survey of Maine was the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women made under the auspices of the Interdenomina- for Home Missions and the Missionary Education tional Commission of Maine and the Home Mis- Movement has been formed "to make a careful sions Council, and was considered by various con- and comprehensive study of the Jewish situation ferences. The Interdenominational Commission in America in its relation to the Christian has proposed a Five Year Program of Inter- Church." The chairman is Dr. John S. Conning. denominational Christian Service "directed par- Other committees rendering valuable service to ticularly toward the areas unreached by any of the cause of Home Missions, under the auspices the Protestant mission agencies and designed of the Council, relate to the city and New Amerito do that most needed work which our present cans, General Promotion, Alaska, Spanish-speakmissionary agencies cannot do both because their ing Work, and Negro Work. resources are insufficient and because the work must be done interdenominationally." An at- Under the auspices of the Committee on Comity tempt is being made to raise from individuals ap- and Five Year Program of 'Survey and Adjustproximately $45,000 a year in addition to $50,000 ment, surveys have been made in about a score a year expended by denominational boards, to be of states. In some cases the entire state has been distributed among sixteen counties in Maine. surveyed, in some of the larger states only cross- This would be an outstanding demonstration on a sections. 'Surveys are now under way in six states state-wide basis of cooperative home missions in and conferences are held following the completion rural communities. of each state. This Five Year Program is vitally connected with all the work of the Council and Cooperative work has been promoted also in is closely related to the work of all other comother centers. In a remote valley of the 'Southern mittees. Meuntains, bordering northeast Georgia and the Carolinas, there is a large farm school which is One of the most active and efficient committees closely tied up with three small churches. The is that on "Town and Country," made up of repsuperintendent of this school asked for assistance resentatives of constituent boards. One of the oldin bringing about cooperation in this community. est and the most important activity is the Summer As a result it would seem as if the three churches Schools for rural pastors and last year the Comwill be placed on a cooperative community basis. mittee sponsored nine full standard schools and two partial standard schools, besides seven full The second annual conference of the Ozark In- standard schools of practical methods for Negro terdenominational Committee, held at Hollister, pastors. At least two new schools will be added Mo., last July, dealt with the situation in the to the list in 1932-Corvallis, Oregon, and Davis, Ozarks and the possibility of a cooperative pro- California. This Committee also promotes Rural gram for the region. It was later suggested that Life Sunday, the fifth Sunday after Easter, which there should be community visitation by field has been observed for the past three years. Some supervisors and county seat rallies in the interest governors of states have issued proclamations of a better rural religious life. calling upon people to observe Rural Life Sunday and 10,000 leaflets on the subject were distributed The Home Missions Council has taken over the last year. work of the Department of Building Fund Campaigns of the Board of National Missions, Pres- The Federal Council in appointing members byterian Church, U. S. A., to form an Inter- to the Town and County Committee has recogdenominational Church Building Campaigns nized this as its channel of operation in this field Bureau. This did not involve any increase in and has added to the efficiency of the Committee. budget or office space since the Bureau retained its office in Philadelphia for the present. The past year has been a trying one for Home Mission Boards. The depression is telling upon The Joint Committee on Indian Work, under budgets and programs. Most of the boards, if the leadership of Miss Helen Brickman, has not all, have had to reduce expenditures, eliminate worked out a curriculum of religious education work and workers, and cut down appropriations for our Religious Work Directors in the Govern- all along the line. New advances have been imment Indian Schools, and has rendered valuable possible, yet the needs were never greater and service in administrative work. Another outstand- the opportunities never more inviting. These are ing accomplishment of the Committee has been days that are surely trying the souls of board adthe setting up of a service committee to serve as ministrators as well as the endurance of faithful

WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?

missionaries in all parts of North America. May them on appeal after local efforts for adjustment it not be that our extremity will be God's opportunity. We believe that in some way the home have failed, we recommend: mission cause wj]] come out of this trying experience triumphantly. We may have to make re- First, that the Joint Committee on Comity and adjustments and work out economies and "endure burdens as good soldiers" but out of it all will the Five Year Program be constituted a Sub-Comcome greater and better home missions. mittee on Comity, to which shall be referred all Would it not be wise to begin now to plan definitely for another national congress to be held cases of comity presented to the Councils. at the close of our Five Year Program in January, 1934, to review the results of this five year study Seoond, that this Sub-Committee arrange for and to consider advance steps? By that time, it is hoped, we will be emerging from the depres- three stated meetings a year, other meetings to be sion and will have learned "through the things we have suffered," as well as through the surveys held as needed. and studies, what changes, if any, should be made and what advance steps should be taken. Third, that this Sub-Committee prepare and PROPOSALS FOR THE COMING YEAR distribute a form indicating the information Extracts from the Report of the Findings which should be furnished it concerning any case Committ6e at the Toronto Conference brought before it for consideration. . A Christian world depends mightily upon a Christian America. America lives not to itself, Fourth, that this Sub-Committee, in passing but for China, Japan, Africa, India and the uttermost parts of the earth. If Christendom has be- upon cases, take into account not only such gentrayed Christianity, then it becomes imperative to christianize Christendom. That is our united eral principles as have been adopted by these task. For their sakes we must sanctify ourselves. Councils, but such principles as may have been Sitting, as in a reviewing stand, as the forces for christianizing America pass before us and adopted by the state or city organizations within make their reports, what have we discovered? whose jurisdiction the particular cases originated. The Committee on Comity and the Five Year Program brings before us the following recom- It is understood that the decision rendered in any mendations: case is to be advisory only. 1. In view of the response to the Continuation Conferences, this plan with some modifications The Councils urge that City, State and Regional should be developed widely during the coming year and if possible, such conferences should be Councils, through Comity Committees of their held in practically all of the major cities of the country. own creation, be prepared to deal with comity 2. The success of the Interdenominational cases arising within their respective bounds and Conference held now for two years in the Ozarks leads us to believe that in other states in the more only bring to these national Councils those cases distinctively mission areas there should be interdenominational gatherings of from two to four which fail of local adjustment. days duration for the consideration of the common problems of missionary work. In most cases Strictly speaking, the Five Year Program was these conferences would not be held annually. initiated at the Comity Conference in January, 3. We recommend that constituent boards consider the advisability of bringing to the at- 1928, and will come to an end at the time of the tention of their highest judicatories the comity resolutions adopted during the past year by the next annual meeting in January, 1933. Although Presbyterian General Assembly and the Congregational-Christian National Council. In order that much has been accomplished, it is still in its these Councils may be prepared to deal with the increasing number of comity cases brought to formative stage. It might be well to extend this period to cover five years dating from the Home Missions Congress, that is, to the end of 1935.

Before the end of that period, say in January, 1934, we should hold a "check-up conference" to do specifically four things: a. To review the results of the Five Year Pro- gram to that date.

b. To use the Findings of the Home Missions Congress on the various fields of missionary effort as the basis of an intensive study of practical pro- grams for these various fields of work.

c. To consider the cooperative relationships of home missions with other agencies which have become so essentially a part of our modern pro- gram of church work, as the religious education and social welfare agencies.

d. To propose plans .for the future work of these Councils.

For many years our Town and Country Church Committee has been carrying on its researches and has given us a fund of invaluable informa- tion. We therefore would especially call attention of the several boards to the importance of a pro- gram of adjustment that will enable our rural

churches to cope with the rapid changes that are tion is developing qualities of leadership. Student upon them. It is a matter of supreme importance churches and student councils, expressing the rethat some way be found to provide the children ligious needs of the young people, are promoting and youth of our rural areas with a teaching Christian living. ministry. Toward this end we would suggest that cooperative parishes be established where the The coming year of Missionary study centers several denominations would share in such a around the work among the Indians and we urge ministry. This, together with the re-organization on our churches these studies in their future proof rural areas into stronger units of life, consti- grams. tute imperative demands upon the mission boards at this time. It is evident that the future of the Christian Church, not only in the pulpit but in the pew, rests There has been a growing consciousness of re- in the hands of the youth of today. We therefore sponsibility toward Spanish-speaking neighbors urge upon the Councils that our programs shall in the West Indies. We therefore commend to the give full recognition to the importance and the boards at work in Cuba a fresh study of how to problems of the religious life and training of our cooperate more closely and especially in the organ- youth. We suggest that a session be set aside at ization there of a Union Theological Seminary the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of such as now exists in Puerto Rico. We commend our young people in relation to the Church and its to the boards a further study of their responsi- missionary work. bility in Santo Domingo and that those already working in Puerto Rico may well consider We cannot close without adding our influence whether their responsibilities do not also extend to those who are attempting to create a warless to Santo Domingo. world. We believe that war is wholly wrong; we believe that war and Christ travel opposite ways We commend the union which has been per- and stand at opposite poles in any possible moral fected between the Christian, the Congregational universe. The Christian Church must be the and United Brethren Missions into the United chief agency for abolishing war for to the Church Evangelical Church in Puerto Rico and urge other is committed the Gospel of love and brotherhood, denominations as speedily as possible to shape of peace on earth and goodwill. We call upon all their policies toward uniting in this movement. the churches to take an unequivocal and an un- apologetic opposition to the spirit of militarism We welcome the changes made in the national wherever it exists. government administration of Indian affairs which seeks the highest welfare of the Indian, We urge upon our governments the necessity thus enabling him to achieve an abundant and of immediate cooperation with and full memberwell balanced life in terms of his own racial re- ship in the World Court and the League of Nasources. We appreciate the cooperation of the tions and that every power be used to influence Indian administration in the task of religious edu- all the signatory nations to faithfully carry out cation in Government Indian schools. The in- their obligations in the Peace Pact. creased responsibility assumed by the Indian stu- The Christian Church must lead in the abolition dent for planning and carrying courses of instruc- of war or prove itself inadequate to the needs of the world today and tomorrow.

CHURCH BUILDINGS AND BENEVOLENCES Many churches in the United States have incurred very heavy indebtedness in their building enterprises and have thus hampered their philanthropic, evangelistic and missionary activities. In the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., out of a turnover of sixty-odd million dollars a year, about fourteen mil- lion have been reported under building enterprises. The denominational budget for missions and other benevolences calls for twelve million dollars, on which only about ten million are paid, and, in the depres- sion, less than nine million. In four years this church has spent over fifty-two million dollars for build- ing operations. This represents an annual load per Presbyterian of $25.35, while the annual load for benevolences has been less than five dollars.

In the Methodist Episcopal Church over fourteen million dollars was spent in 1929-1930 for build- ings and improvements and over seven million dollars paid on past indebtedness. This means that over twenty-one million dollars was involved in the improvement of the equipment of the churches for one year. This very heavy burden may account for the situation of diminished support which is baffling the World Service Commission.. The Methodists are apparently giving more than they gave under the Cen- tenary drive, but out of the eighty-five million dollars their reports seem to indicate that only ten million, as against twenty million in 1921, go to benevolences of all kinds. Presbyterians have held their benevo- lence contributions static at about ten millions.

Among the Amazon

A Review of "'The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. 'Tylee* ":JI 1 By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, New York 1 1=" Secretary of the Commission on the Indians of Latin America I T HE Indians of the Amazon Valley in North- okceceansisoen~sebuotf are often talkative and jolly. They have a ern Brazil are illiterate, untamed and isolated humor and enjoy a good joke even when it from civilization. Missionary work among them is a task of great difficulty because of the is on themselves. Although at times, some of them try distance from civilization and the character of the people. "The long journey to reach them is not one's patience as might a spoiled child, yet many of them dreaded as much as the isolation after the journey's end has been reached," writes Mrs. Tylee, are most lovable. who has recently returned to the United States after some thrilling and harrowing experiences. The pioneer expeditionary party which explored the territory, seeking a suitable location for the Seldom is the loneliness relieved by the visit from an mission station, consisted of Rev. Leonard L. Legters, Field Representative of the Pioneer Misexplorer and never, in some places, by a cOI?mercial .trav- sion Agency and of the Indian Mission of Amer- ica; Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of the Ineller. But such isolation means more than Just lonehness. land South America Missionary Union, and Arthur F. Tylee. Their trials in penetrating the It means that the missionary has to trust God to bless interior country are suggested by this record.

and use the simple remedies he can carry for hi.mself a~d "After crossing the Sepotuba River the road lay through a strip of very dense jungle and bamftoaomiliy~ for no physician is within a thousand mIles. ThIS, boo thicket and came out at the foot of a bluff. a land of fevers and tropical diseases, to say It took three weeks to go the first thirty-two miles and the last half of this was taken with the cart nothing of the painful and often serious results from unloaded. Part of the time it was bad roads that hindered, again swollen streams, or a thick g~owth insect bites. of bamboo, and part of the time the oxen SImply refused to pull." It was in such isolation and among these wild Of another experience Mr. Tylee wrote: "The and savage Indians that Arthur F. Tylee and his past week has been a nightmare; the constant struggle, strain and despair over the perversity of two-year-old daughter, Miss Mildred P. Kratz, a the oxen having taxed our patience and sapped our strength. Twenty miles in one week! Workmissionary nurse, and three Brazilians were at- ing day and night in rain and heat, and this after the month of trial in the woods below the plateau." tacked and killed at the mission at J uruena, Brazil, In the loneliness of their first labors on the field on November 3, 1930. The crime was committed the two men hoped for the time when the small mission force would be increased. "For the first by a small group of illiterate, wild Indians of the time in several months Mr. Tylee received word from his fiance, whom he had left in Paraguay. Nhambiquara tribe in the state of Matto Grosso. Now he learned to his joy that she was in Co- rumba. They had been fellow-students at Moody This story of missionary adventure, of heroic dedi- Bible Institute, Chicago, and had gone together to South America. The lady remained in Paraguay cation to a task of unbelievable hardships and while her fiance went on to Brazil to explore the new field. It had now been almost two years since privation, endurance and sacrifice is told by Mrs. he had seen her and five months since he had been able to receive her letters." Tylee simply but graphically in a book which Mr. Arthur "Tylee was a graduate of Amherst . presents a succession of surprises, the greatest of College. After serving in Europe during the war he returned to enter Harvard Law School, but which was unsuspected hostility of these few Indians, led by their chief. ..

This primitive tribe of Indians is descnbed WIth admiration by Mrs. Tylee even after the savage onslaught of the massacre in which a few of their number participated.

The Nhambiquaras are of average height. They are very slender. They have the coarse, straight, black hair, dark brown eyes, and dark bronze skin char~cteristic of the Indian' but their features are not those whIch are considered tyPical of the North American Indian. Many of them have facial characteristics not unlike their white brothers while a few have slant eyes and flat noses like the peopie of Asia. They can be silent and taciturn upon • Published by The Inland South America Missionary Union. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Price 75 cents postpaid.

[159]

A NHAMBIQUARA INDIAN FAMI.LY AT HOME the ingredients could be properly cleaned and not allowed to ferment in the tropical heat." during his studies there he grew dissatisfied with the prospect of giving his life to self-appointed The missionaries left their difficult field for a pursuits and the acquiring of fame or money. He brief furlough at the end of four years, and on felt the challenge to devote his energies to the their return met fresh assaults. Only prevailing biggest and noblest service of which he was prayer enabled them to reach their station. When capable,' and his love of the Bible led him to enter Mr. Tylee and Miss Kratz were both down with Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. While a stu- fever they had been allowed to occupy a room in dent there, Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of one of the buildings belonging to the telegraph the Inland South America Missionary Union, vis- line. It was bare of furniture, except for their ited the Institute and told of the need for mes- packing boxes and trunks. Here Mrs. Tylee cared sengers of Christ in South America. This led to for them while the native helper cooked the beans Mr. .Tylee's decision for Indian service and the and rice in the shade of a tent. When they refollowing spring he went to Brazil. sumed their journey they were met by three friendly Nhambiquaras, who brought fruit, man- Mildred Kratz studied at Cae College, Iowa, and dioc and sweet potatoes. Finally they reached the later took her Bible courses at Moody Institute mission about ten o'clock at night, almost three and her nurse's training at Augustana Hospital, months after leaving New York. Chicago. "'She was strong and healthy, with a happy disposition and a buoyancy of spirit which "The first months in her new home following made her always a pleasant companion. She was our furlough were hard on baby Marian," writes not the shallow type of person, incapable of shar- Mrs. Tylee. ing the sufferings of another, but, on the contrary, was deeply sympathetic." She was not well and the insect pests made her very uncomfortable. Satan had found a new weapon with The romance and pathos of the intimate expe- which he tried to drive the missionaries from his terririences narrated by Mrs. Tylee with a rare tory. They had suffered much themselves and were ready literary gift are best portrayed in the diary from to suffer more if need be, but to see their precious baby which she freely quotes. An entry of July 12th girl tortured was the severest test their faith could know. reads: "Without all staple foods." From that date But in this as in all other tests that had come to them, until the latter part of October they were depend- He proved Himself as the One "Who giveth more grace." ent upon their own efforts and God's special pro- But if she was to suffer for some of the conditions that vision for their needs. No day passed without could not be changed nor avoided, life for her was not their being able to obtain food for at least one without its compensations. She loved the wild life that meal. Not once did the little group of new native she saw everywhere about her-woods, flowers, birds and Brazilian converts waver and there was no spirit animals of all kinds. She was not timid and fear was of fault-finding. The men spent much of their time hunting and fishing and thus brought in food ARTHUR F. TYLEE AND JOAQUIN ANTUNES. A which was shared with the whole community. BRAZILIAN CONVERT Later oxen arrived and, for a time, supplied meat if nothing more. Several times Indians came to the station bringing grated mandioc from which a sort of bread or flat cake could be made. This, as the narrative states, "was not unpalatable if

A NNF. f:::F.F.f:::HOT.T7. F.vP('ntivp f:::p('rph~Tv

STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST

unknown to her. She went for long walks in the woods As for God His way is perfect. The work in Juruena is with Mr. McDowell and Candido, and always came back His work; the missionaries His workers; is not His the with her hands and pockets full of flowers and bright right to say whether they should continue at their post berries she found along the path. She was very fond or be called to higher service? May the grassy mounds of animals and many were the pets the Indians brought beneath the Ajusta Conta trees at Maloquinha be our her, besides the dogs and chickens with which she played solemn pledge to God that we shall carry on the work daily. they so courageously began, until the last tribe of Indians hidden in the depths of Amazon's forests has heard the The work went forward and progress seemed to good news of peace and eternal life. be made in winning the friendship of the Indians. The missionaries ministered to the sick and un- The tragic scene of the eventful morning when dertook to teach them of God, whom they knew six of the mission group lost their lives, and the not as He is revealed through His Son Jesus savage Indians as suddenly departed into the Christ. Then one day an Indian was brought into wastes and jungles, is briefly depicted in words the station seriously ill. In spite of all their care- which the reader can never forget. When the ful nursing he died. The Indians seemed to take story is perused in the quiet of one's own solitude, this matter very much to heart and some showed then heroism and the sacrifice of martyrs for the their belief that the missionaries were respon- faith is luminous and convincing. sible. Is it any wonder that this absorbing narrative Three months after the death of the Indian was no sooner issued from the press last October some members of his tribe from a distance came than a new edition was required'? Dr. Kenneth to the station and without warning fell upon the Mackenzie, President of the Missionary Union, little band. They murdered Mr. Tylee, Miss Kratz writes in the introduction: and the baby and three Brazilian Indian friends. After seriously beating Mrs. Tylee and leaving The martyrdom of these missionaries gave to them her for dead, they departed. Upon regaining con- marked distinction. They were ready for sacrifice, if only sciousness, Mrs. Tylee had to grope half blinded, life laid down might be translated into the salvation of dragging herself to the telegraph station to spread the lost whom they saw and yearned over. So, as we the word of the calamity. Here she lay for days, recall the many hours of prayer and striving which have hovering between life and death. Finally she was engaged our thoughts and purpose as we have pleaded able to make her way to the coast and sail for for the myriads of souls in darkened and long-neglected home. Her faith and courage never failed. South America, we cheer our hearts with the assurance that the future of the Inland South America Missionary The closing paragraph of her narrative reads: Union will justify their sacrifice and our profound hope that just where they so bravely fell, there shall spring a glorious harvest of redeemed men and women.

Students and Missionary Interest ..:( By the REV. WILLIAM M. MILLER J!: ..

Meshed, Persia T AST autumn I had the privilege of visiting most of the state schools I was not surprised to L nearly forty colleges of various types in dif- learn that there were almost no students prepar- ing for the Christian ministry or for missionary ferent p.arts of the United States in the in- work. But what profoundly troubled me was the terests of the Student Volunteer Movement. These discovery that in many of the church colleges also included large state universities and large de- there is no missionary spirit. In several flourish- ing denominational colleges I was not able to find nominational colleges, medical schools and theo- one student who expected to be a missionary in a logical seminaries. I spoke in classrooms, in foreign land. Several theological seminaries were chapel services, in college churches, to special almost as barren as the colleges. Some of these groups and with individuals. While my stay in educational institutions have had a great missionmost colleges was too brief to give me an oppor- ary past and have sent many of their sons and tunity to understand thoroughly the religious sit- daughters to the foreign field. uation among students, yet I was able to learn certain facts which I have been asked to share What has happened to cause the streams of miswith the readers of the REVIEW. sionary interest to dry up '?

The thing which impressed me most deeply was There are exceptions. I was occasionally rethe lack of missionary interest among students. In

freshed to find groups of devoted and eager young paucity of missionary candidates today is due in volunteers. In one college seventeen students are large measure to the failure of parents and pas- intending to become missionaries, and forty or tors of ten years ago to put this passion into the fifty others attended the Student Volunteer meet- hearts of their children.

ings. This is a college where chapel and church The third and most fundamental cause of all is attendance are required, and where every student the lack of vital Christianity in our colleges and is obliged to work a number of hours each week in our churches. Interest in world affairs is not to help pay for his education. If a healthy mis- enough. The appeal for world brotherhood or sionary spirit is possible in some schools to- world service will not prove a strong enough mo- day, why is it not possible in every Christian tive to send many students to the ends of the school? earth. There must be a sense of the constraining A few students appear to be hostile to the whole love of Christ, the passion to save the lost, and idea of foreign missions. They have been told that joyous obedience to the Great Commission.

all religions are equally good, and that Christians Too often we have depended on human devices, have no right to "force" others to accept their be- and cheap ones at that, to stir up missionary in- liefs, so they are opposed to missions. But there terest. We have trusted in pictures and plays and are few of this sort. The great majority of stu- popular appeals. Prayer and the spirit of sacri- dents are not opposed to foreign missions but they fice are needed to touch the heart and move the are absolutely unconcerned about the whole busi- will. An intimate knowledge of Christ and deep ness. They listened attentively to descriptions of devotion to Him is the motive which will lead social and economic and political conditions in young people to go to distant lands to tell men of Asia, but the thought of spending their lives there Christ. Therefore, if we wish to get more and as Christian missionaries seemed as remote and better missionaries, the only way is to pray and impossible to most of them as that of visiting the labor for a revival of faith and love in our home moon. churches. The decline in gifts to missions and in What are the causes of this decline in mission- the number of volunteers for missions is an indi- ary interest among students? Three things seem cation of a serious decline in the spiritual power to be in large measure responsible for the present of our American Christianity. When the fires of situation. real devotion to Christ begin to burn at whfte heat First, there is the failure of pastors and college again in our churches, missionaries with flaming preachers and professors to press upon the young hearts will go out in increasing numbers to other people who come under their influence the needs lands, kindling new fires everywhere they go.

of other lands and the obligation that rests on us In a recent letter to me Bishop Linton of Persia all to help meet those needs. One college pastor states his conviction that the ordinary type confessed that he never preached a missionary of missionary deputation work in England has sermon, except when the time came around for yielded very poor results of late because of the the missionary collection. A professor said that lack of spiritual foundation on which to build. He he did not feel he could ask his students to con- plans on his next furlough to stay in each place sider missionary work when his board was recall- he visits a week or ten days. The first three- ing missionaries from the field. Unless young fourths of the visit will be used to preach Christ people are challenged to overcome the difficulties, and to urge people to accept Him as their personal whatever they be, and press forward with the Saviour and Lord. Then in the ·closing days he message of Christ into every part of the world, will present to those who have been really con- very few will offer for foreign service. If the call verted the claims of missionary service.

for volunteers is sounded clearly and persistently Such a plan, followed in missionary promotion by men of conviction and passion, I believe there work, would bring us into touch with fewer might be a great response on the part of students churches and colleges, but we would touch them to the missionary appeal. more deeply and probably accomplish much more The second cause is the failure of parents to in the end.

dedicate their little children to the cause of Christ Students and young people today are more ready and to give them in childhood an interest in the to listen to a simple, sincere and courageous Gos- people of other lands. It is a well-known fact that pel message than they have been for years. Let most of those who go as missionar.ies first became us challenge them now to full obedience to Christ interested long before they went to college. Un- and to service in His Kingdom, not only at home, less students already have such an interest on but also abroad. We need to attempt greater which one can build, a missionary speaker will not things for God and expect greater things from be able to make much impression on them. The God.

to Face "With Human Wrecks*

..:{ By the Rev. WALTER AMOS MORGAN l!= ..

Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois T HE bum is a human problem. What shall I to preach to a drunken bum? Is my Gospel we do with him? To ignore him is im- for the welI-to-do and the social elite, matured possible. To kill him is illegal, even if through sixteen years of experience in pulpits there are times when it seems as though society where a bum is only a passing phenomenon, suffi- would be better off if he were out of the way. To cient for such a need? Is my modern interpreta- reform society so the bum will be impossible and tion of Christ gripping enough to reclaim a soul a fact of social history is a far-reaching necessity. that knows the fires of helI?"

To reform the individual as he presents himself When I arrived, the meeting was in full swing.

in his rags and full of bootleg McQueen, the superintendent liquor is a present obligation. of the mission, was behind the upon the Christian forces in so- If you were called upon to battered pulpit. "Sing to the ciety. Often this obligation speak before a crowd of home- Glory of Christ, men," he presents itself with all its less, hungry bums, what would calIed out, just as I entered.

tragic and pressing immediacy. you say? Such a question con- And how those men sang! I Not long ago I faced a mis- fronted Walter Morgan at the am minister of the church that sion room full of down-and- Chicago United Mission, which rejoices in having the largest outs and found that the experi- is maintained jointly by the choir in Chicago, and they sing ence was like unto a conversion Congregational Union and the the masterpieces of sacred to my own soul. Where Hal- Presbytery of Chicago. His music with beauty and ardor.

sted Street crosses Madison, on solution of this soul-searching But there was a difference.

the near west side of Chicago, problem reveals the real mes- These men sang the old hymns is the haunt of homeless men. sage of Christ. of the blood and the Lamb with Sprinkled among them are a fervor that was contagious.

many of the former crooks who Soon I was led to the plat- have lost their standing with the gangs or their form. McQueen greeted me briefly and with former initiative for singlehanded thuggery. warmth. His great palm grasped my hand and Some have been upon the line between life and 1 felt the thrill of strength and the warmth of a starvation ever since they can remember. Others devoted heart. "We shall be ready for you in have known better days and have sought this about an hour. Sit here," was all he said. He jungle of reeking woe to hide themselves and to had more urgent business than that of spending mingle with others of their kind. time with me. "Sing, men; sing When tke An Oasis in a Moral Desert trumpet of the Lord shall sound." They sang, and I heard the trumpet, sounding the call to The Christian missions in this area are oases something unsung in my own soul.

in a moral desert. Here consecrated men and McQueen kept the meeting in his own hands, women seek, with the aid of Christ, to perform never for a moment permitting the men to forget the ancient miracle in mending broken lives and that they were to receive a blessing in newness making the crooked straight. To preach in such of life. If they only were willing, Christ was a mission is an experience that sears into the able to save. The testimonies were voices out of very soul and probes the depths of life. the deeps. A few were formal, cold and pro- When the invitation came to me to preach upon fessional. But most of them were exclamations a certain evening in the Chicago United Mission, of joy out of former despair. Something had 1 accepted it with joy, mingled with the sense of happened to the men who testified, and they knew humiliation that 1 had not sought the opportunity it. "I thank God that Christ saved me and that long before. During the days preceding this he keeps me" was the oft-repeated refrain of their particular evening, 1 asked myself, "What have new song. I faced these men, sitting in an old • Condensed from The Congregatio'YWlist. chair, unobserved and forgotten by everybody.

[163]

In the first place, I was terrified. My heart- in other lives. Selfishness in the breast of the beat was greatly accelerated and my courage was well-to-do frequently drives the wanderer back as greatly diminished. The sermon I had pre- again to his old companions. Society has a price pared seemed to be so inadequate and out of touch to pay for its lack of regard for the undernour- with the occasion. I gave it up and tried to recall ished and the poorly born. I sensed my guilt of another. For a few minutes my mind was in a neglect. My voice had been silent and my brain wild and panicky confusion. Sermons I could had been idle concerning this tide of human woe.

recall by the score, but not one came back with Could its source be found and the evil thing the joy of exclamation, "I am just what you need; changed at the beginning? Surely Jesus had take me." Soon I gave up in despair and said something to say concerning this problem that so to myself, "When the time comes, do your best. tragically affected so many of His brothers.

Perhaps the Lord will take pity and help you As I looked again at my dethroned king, and out." saw deep beneath the scraggly beard and pene- trated below the surface of his soul, I thought I Fallen Brother Men beheld the lineaments of the Son of Man. Here Then my heart went out to those men with a was my sermon. I would speak to the Christ great compassion. One was a young chap, who within that man. If my message could carry to sang as though he had gone to prayer meeting as where He was buried deep I knew that he would a boy with his mother, even ,as I had gone with respond, and life, like the dawning of a clear mine. Another was an old man with a face like morning after a stormy night, would come to the the sphinx. A third reminded me of a ne'er-do- king dethroned with new hope.

well I had known in Vermont. I glued my eyes The Tests of an Adequate Message upon the face of one whose head was as massive and as well shaped as the head of the old professor But was my modern Gospel adequate to the who patiently tried to teach me Hebrew. This need? I long had thought in social ways and, man had fallen from great heights. He might preached in modern terms. My liberalism had have been a king who through folly had been com- been almost a passion. True, I had prayed that I pelled to abdicate his throne and whose posses- might be spared the barrenness of a purely intel- sions had been confiscated, until he was forced to lectual appeal. In my own soul there was the joy beg his bread in a far and alien land. My heart of a divine fellowship and the warmth of personal went out to him. He had been the joy of some experience. But I had not developed the technique fond mother's heart. Some father had held him of making my own experiences live in the souls of in his arms with pride. Was he sitting on the men who knew nothing of the modern world with sacred hill of memory as he sang and as he looked its modern science and its new psychology. The up at McQueen? In him I saw the epitome of terms they used in their testimonies were not part broken humanity as it passed to and fro before of my working vocabulary, and my new interpre- the street door. In him I saw myself, had cir- tation of their age-old and vital experience and cumstances but shaped themselves in other ways. need was meaningless to them. My expressions to For one moment, at least, I caught a vision of win men to the old joy of salvation were colorless what Christ meant when He told His disciples that and impotent for the needs of the twenty-five all men were earthly children of a common Father. minutes that soon were to be mine to do my ut- My third emotion was that of rebellion. Were most for these my broken brothers.

these men the result of our civilization? Had they I was brought back to present and pressing been cast up from the wreck in order that others realities by McQueen announcing a hymn and say- might sail safely on? Were they human material, ing, "After we sing this hymn Dr. Morgan of the wasted and cast aw,ay, in order that our boasted New First Church will preach to us. Pray for progress might progress still further upon its re- him, men." The introduction stabbed me into a lentless way? Who was I that I might enjoy a full realization of my own insignificance and the beautiful home in the suburbs, with dollars in the supreme greatness of the task before me. Again bank and a place in society, while these men were I sought out the face of my new-found brother.

homeless, dollarless and with no place to lay their His eyes seemed to search mine, and behind them heads except what charity provided? Surely some- I read a sad and tragic story and found a small thing was wrong. I saw it tragically portrayed in but growing hope. Just before I arose to speak I human life before me and my heart rebelled. prayed: "Oh, God, help me to bring Thy Son to Where were the men, or women, who were to birth in this my new-found brother."

blame for many of these wrecks? The seed of What had I to offer in that high moment?

wickedness in the human heart often germinates Surely not my theology. That were a thing dead

F ACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS

and helpless. They cared nothing about the Syn- Christ, living and struggling to live more fully in optic problem or the symbolism of the Apocalypse. all human souls. I saw Him stand again by Galilee What they needed, like their fathers before them, where Andrew heard Him call, and I saw Him look back to the dawn of man's first mistake in life's at me through the eyes of the bums who filled moral way, was help for the journey. This was to that barren mission room. be found, first of all, in the old and ever new fact of love. And for that hour, at least, love them I My cup of joy overflowed when I saw the former did. The Christ in them called to the Christ in me king kneeling in submission to another will at the and the response was a compassion I never had rail before the battered pulpit, and McQueen had known before. The dethroned king became a wan- his arm around him, talking with him as one dering brother of a common household and the brother talketh with another about the things Elder Brother had sent me to bring him home that are of supreme importance. again. So I rode back to my home in the lovely suburb, Then came the joy of a great discovery. My with the rain falling in torrents and the lightning Gospel was a living thing, not only for the well flashing in the streets. In my own heart there fed, but for these men who seldom knew the joy also was a mightier storm. Can our Gospel create of a full meal. Beneath my faith there was a a society that does not attain success at such a radiant center of life. Its passion was the love for frightful cost? How can Christ be brought to birth in our modern world?

How Ginling College Was Saved By the Rev. Clifford M. Drury, Moscow, Idaho Looting and destruction was the fate of many foreign buildings in Nanking when the Southern army drove out the Northerners in 1927. Ginling, the Christian college, escaped as by a miracle, and the members of the faculty were spared the dreadful experiences which fell to the lot of many of their fellow missionaries. The reason for this immunity may be traced to the good influence of a Bible class.

Thirteen years before, in 1914, Ray C. Roberts, a Y. M. C. A. secretary, began his work in Hunan Province, and following one of the Eddy evangelistic campaigns, a Bible class was started in Changsha. Among those enrolled was a Hunanese boy, Wu Ching Sing, who became a Christian and, two years later, was elected president of the Bible class. The young Chinese brought his sister to the missionaries, who placed her in one of the mission high schools. As a result she also accepted Christ.

When the Nationalist movement offered great promises of relief from many of China's ills, Wu went to Canton to cast in his lot with the Southerners. Miss Wu (Shou Ching) after her graduation from the high school entered Ginling College at Nanking and was a student there when the Southern army captured the city.

It is now well known that the soldiers, under Russian Communist influence, had received orders to loot, destroy and kill. After they had looted and burned many of the foreign houses a number of them appeared before the gates of Ginling College.

Since the soldiers were Hunanese, it was natural that Miss Wu should be sent to intercede for the College, since she could speak to the soldiers in their own dialect. While the soldiers were being served tea and cakes, Miss Wu was making frantic efforts to get into touch with her brother, an officer in the army which had just occupied the city. After a time he appeared and gave orders to the soldiers not to enter the compound. Instead of destroying the school, they were ordered to protect it.

Thus the foreigners and students and the buildings, worth at least a million dollars, were saved the fate which visited other parts of the foreign community. The College reopened a short time after the disturbance and continued its good work, the only mission school in Nanking able to do this for some months. The Changsha Bible class had borne fruit.

Friendship Books for

By HAZEL v. ORTON, New York ):- Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Education Movement N OT long ago a writer in a well-known simplicity and good taste which is characteristic magazine on race relationships made this of beautiful books. A high price is not always a statement: guar.antee of quality.

"When I was a baby my father had read me the There are a few mechanical points by which an story of Little Black Sambo, and I had concluded unskilled person can be guided in making wise that all black boys were silly and pathetically choices. Size of type, number and kind of illus- ugly." trations, relationship of illustrations to type page, How many well-meaning teachers and adults, binding, and the value of the book in developing because they were not sufficiently informed or the child's appreciation for the artistic and beau- have thought it unimportant, have exposed chil- tiful should be considered.

dren to harmful.attitudes toward children of other Perhaps the most essential point in the evalua- races through an unwise selection of a book. Much tion of the content of a book is judging whether care must be taken in the selection of books for it is within the range of ability and experience of children, especially when one is concerned with the child for whom it is chosen. Are the incidents the presentation of the Christian viewpoint of life. and the vocabulary within the understanding of Few local booksellers are competent guides to the child? From the standpoint of the world the selection of children's books. A short time friendship values to be gained, one must be care- ago, browsing in the children's book department ful that the content is free from ideas and sug- of a large store, I overheard a conversation be- gestions which may lead to undesirable attitudes.

tween a salesgirl and a physician interested in The following tests might be applied: children's books from the standpoint of health. 1. Are the facts about other racial and national groups The salesgirl was unable to grasp the situation true, or are they generalizations from which false deducand prattled much on the attractiveness and "cuteness" of a certain child's book printed in tions may be made? . small type and illustrated in lurid green. Half under his breath the physician remarked: "What 2. Are there statements or illustrations which hold any racial or national group up to ridicule, or portray them as stupid and incompetent?

3. Are there statements that ridicule and minimize the books! No wonder we doctors are always treating importance of great world issues, such as disarmament children for eye difficulties." and world peace, economic justice, racial equality, prohi- bition, etc. ? Almost any person with a degree of intelligence and knowledge of children can learn to discrimi- 4. Is the book sentimental and lacking in reality, or are the needs and accomplishments of other racial and na- nate between desirable and undesirable books. Two tional groups so presented that the reader will come to major questions should be kept in mind. understand and respect them, rather than develop pity and superiority? First, is it attractive and suitable in its mechanical make-up for the child? 5. Are there statements that foster bigoted intolerance, either racial, national or creedal? Second, is the content of the book inherently 6. Are there statements involving criminal offense by Christian? Are Christian attitudes, sympathies reason of which children might generalize and come to and conduct fundamental to the book, and are identify a certain racial or national group with smuggling, they treated as a natural and normal expression banditry, or lawlessness, for example? of life? 7. Is the book inherently Christian? This does not neces- Books which appeal to children must be at- sarily mean that it should talk about religion, but that it tractive to the eye as well as to the mind. Con- should picture a type of thought and conduct which is tent does not stand alone, for the way it is housed Christian.

8. Is the book well written from a literary standpoint?

between the covers is also quite fundamental. It is encouraging to know that there are on the Books by means of which we hope our· children market many children's books relating to world will develop Christian conduct must compare fa- friendship which fulfil these qualifications. Chil- vorably with the other books which they read and dren enjoy them and they are contributing factors love. Some of the less expensive books combine in the development of Christian conduct.

[166J Books for Children The Nursery Series. FriendShip Press. Uncle Sam's Family. By Dorothy F. 50 cents per volume. A series of McConnell. Council of Women for FIRST THROUGH THIRD GRADE missionary books similar in style to Home Missions, and Missionary Ed- the Peter Rabbit books; an endeavor ucation Movement. $1. Real live The Farmer in the Dell. By Berta to lay the foundation of that sym- boys and girls make up Uncle Sam's and Elmer Hader. Macmillan. $2.50. pathy which is the forerunner of a family. The stories in this volume An excellent picture book with brief true spirit of Christian world broth- are delightful, and grown people description of farm life and activi- erhood. Their titles are: Ah Fu: A seem to like them as well as chil- ties in northeastern United States. Chinese River Boy; Kembo: A Little dren. Girl of Africa; The Three Camels: The Singing Farmer. By James S. A Story of India; Esa: A Little Boy Under Many Flags. By Katharine Tippet. World Book Co. 68 cents. of Nazareth; Mitsu: A Little Girl Scherer Cronk and Elsie Singmas- A book of poetry about farm life for of Japan; and Babo: A South Seas ter. Missionary Education Move- boys and girls. Boy. ment. 65 cents. The many-sided enterprise of foreign missions will I Live in a City. By James S. Tippet. FROM FOURTH THROUGH SIXTH GRADE be made very real to boys and girls Harper. 75 cents. A book of poems through the stories of these men which helps city boys and girls to My Indian Boyhood. By Chief Stand- and women who serve one great understand better those who help to ing Bear. Houghton Mifflin. $1.75. purpose by doing well their widely make city life comfortable. This story written by a Sioux chief, different tasks. carries this dedication which is self- The Wishing Owl. By Idella Purnen. explanatory: "I write this book with Stories of Brotherhood. Missionary Macmillan. $2.25. A Mayan story the hope that the hearts of the white Education Movement. 75 cents. book. A collection of some of the boys and girls who read these pages The Adventures of Mr. Friend. children's favorite stories as they will be made kinder toward little Friendship Press. $1. Two books have been told for generations in Indian boys and girls." by Harold B. Hunting for older Yucatan. juniors. Each is a series of good North America. By Lucy Sprague stories of men and women whose Little Kin Chan. By Berthae Con- Mitchell. Macmillan. $3.50. A new lives have been spent in service to verse. Friendship Press. $1. The kind of geography which will live others. In the first book they work delightful story of a Japanese child, for boys and girls. In the words in both home and foreign lands, and Kin Chan, and her dog, "The Crab.' of the author the purpose of the in the second book in country com- They have many adventures and book is: "Trying to get children munities throughout America. much fun, in the course of which the to observe and to think in terms of missionary lady plays a prominent geographic relationships." Periodicals part. Cease Firing. By Winifred Hulbert. The number of denomination- The World in a Barn. By Gertrude Macmillan. $1.50. A very excellent al magazines and story papers Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. book for boys and girls dealing with published in America is legion. $1.25. A group of nine friendly chil- the subject of peace in an interest- Because there are so many, it dren, some of them American and ing and stimulating fashion. has seemed wise not to list them, some from other countries, also a but to make a few suggestions highly inventive uncle who has trav- Waterless Mountain. By Laura Adams in the light of which such publi- eled everywhere and knows how to Armer. Longmans, Green. $3. A cations may be evaluated. start things, make this book a real most charming story of the experi- adventure in world friendship. ences of a Navajo Indian boy. Beau- 1. Is the primary aim of this tifully written and illustrated. This periodical to educate children in The World on a Farm. By Gertrude book will do much to deepen the Christian world friendship or to Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. appreciation of the cultural values raise money? $1. A runaway pig and a swimming of Navajo life. race, ~ogether with delightful ex- 2. Is the material selected and periences in world friendship, com- Jumping Beans. (Story book edition.) written within the range of in- plete the adventures of the Friendly By Robert N. McLean. Friendship terest of the age group for which Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. Press. $1. This Mexican family it is intended? moved about so much that they said Children of the Chief. By Mary En- they were just like jumping beans. 3. Does it have literary value? twistle. Friendship Press. Paper, Could the stories and articles 40 cents. A book of delightful Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles stand on their own merit7 stories about a family of African W. St. John. Friendship Press. $1. children. A collection of stories about the 4. How does it compare with children of Porto Rico. the other magazines which the Chinese Children of Woodcutters' child is reading? Lane. By Priscilla Holton. Friend- Open Windows. By Mary Entwistle. ship Press. The adventures of two Central Committee on the United 5. Is it a periodical for which Chinese children. Study of Foreign Missions. 75 cents. the children have respect? If you would like to know about Windows into Alaska. (Children's farm children in India, China, It is with real regret that one edition.) By Gertrude Chandler Africa, and many other places, just is compelled to say that there is Warner. Friendship Press. 75 cents. read these stories. now no splendid interdenomina- The story of Bobby and Virginia tional magazine in the United whose father is a missionary teacher Habeeb. By Mary Entwistle. An Eng- States for boys and girls on in Alaska. lish publication available through world friendship. Friendship Press. 80 cents. This Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- is the story of a boy of Palestine. son. Friendship Press. $1. A charm- ing book for primary children, show- ing their dependence on the people of home and foreign lands.

Play In Latin

I. A Regular Heretic and the follow and learned their plans man, had caught the colporteurs Church Bell for the following day. It was with guile, and discovered their The missionary had arrived at good to see the interest such a plans. He wanted to merit the Santa Ana and invited people to man took in Bible work. praise of the priest the next time the evening service. At night Next morning, the well they drank wine together so he he was preaching to a crowd, dressed general mounted a had warned the people of some of whom were inside the spirited horse, and galloped Cumani not to buy Bibles. But big dark room, but most of away. About mid-day the two as Cumani is a liberal town, and whom were on the street. The colporteurs arrived at the town they had heard the priest concurious, the antagonistic, the in- of Cumani, hours later than the demn the Bible, he only stimuterested, all were there, but general, and were astonished to lated their curiosity, and they nearly all were men. The find a great demand for the resolved to buy. women, such of them as would Scriptures wherever they went. San Luis was different. It listen, would hear later what Sales were rapid. was fanatical, ,ignorant, priesthad been said, and might ask Next day they pushed on to dominated, and there the gallopthe Virgin to protect them after San Luis, hoping for a good re- ing horseman found everyone having heard such forbidden ception there also. What was ready to defend the Holy Virgin their surprise to find that they and Mother Church against the things. Suddenly, the big Roman Ca- were rejected at several little Biblemen. tholic church bell began to ring. inns. The priest had given Towns so different in spirit It kept on ringing, and meant strict orders that no one should exist side by side in Colombia to keep on until the voice of the give lodging to the heretics with because a state of constant feud the corrupt Lutheran Bibles. It exists between liberals and conheretic should be drowned. The preacher shouted, and was cold and wet and late in the servatives. Liberals cannot sell exhorted until he was hoarse. afternoon, and no door would goods easily in fanatical towns, The people crowded closer to open to them. Finally, a woman and conservatives are not happy catch part of what he was say- received them but hardly had in a liberal town, so each graviing. Suddenly the bell ceased they started to unpack, when tates, mainly for economical and and there was a great calm. two policemen came to the door. social reasons, to a town where People marvelled. The preacher The priest had sent orders to life is most agreeable. Both rejoiced and went on to finish the woman to refuse hospitality towns are Catholic, but one is to the Protestants, and she must tolerant and the other is persehis sermon in peace. Everyone understood why the comply. They started to pack cuting. In the first, the priest priest had ordered the bell to be up again, while the rain poured has to walk warily, or he may rung, but no one understood why down on the red-tile roofs. Sud- find himself a persona non it had so suddenly stopped. Next denly the woman came to their grata, in the second, he wields a day it was learned that a youth room and said, "You can stay. rod of iron. Both towns need of about sixteen, indignant at After all, the priest has never the Gospel. the treatment meted out to a done anything for me. I owe -Alexander M. Allan, stranger, had climbed into the him nothing. My house is my belfry, cut the rope, and shut own. He may rule on the street, Bogota, Colombia.

down the wooden trap door. In but here I am boss." Hardly was vain the bell ringer climbed up the big door shut and barred, and demanded that he open that than the policemen came to en- Missions Must Not Halt!

trap door; the little heretic quire why the two heretics had Whatever confusion may exist conwas adamant; he sat on it to not left. The woman replied: "I cerning the theory and method of mis- dare you to come in. This house sions, there must be no halting of mismake quite sure and the bell is private property. You have sionary 'effort. ringer below was powerless. no authority here." Christian missions are organized ef- Thus the Gospel message was The police went away, and the forts, motivated by good-will and di- rected by the best available judgment, heard in Santa Ana. colporteurs were left in peace. They were, however, unable to to give to all mankind the highest II. The Galloping Horseman good-God's revelations of the Way of and the Heretic8 sell Bibles in that town, and so Life through Christ. Release all the they slipped away at half-past guidance of trained intelligence. Re- Abel and Manuel were selling Bibles in the saddle-making four in the morning, trudging lease all the rapture of unselfish love. Release all possible effort to promote town of Choconta, on the high through the cold mud away on human welfare for time and eternity. road north of Bogota. A well Release increasing resources of spirdressed man affably enquired in the misty mountain road. itually competent manhood and womabout the route they intended to The explanation? The gallop- anhood for this work.

ing horseman, a bigoted church -Selected.

[168]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~ THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR have pointed them to the way of midst of perplexing cam pus AT WORK intelligent Christian leadership problems.

By CLAIRE GOODSILL CHANDLER following college, through the The counselor in the home church tries to cultivate the feel- District Counselor for the Central simple medium of friendship, ing among its departing student District of Michigan, Illinois graciously bestowed and shared. members that they will repre- and Missouri Two years ago college coun- Every religious denomination selor work received a tremen- sent the home church in their feels responsible for the Chris- dous impetus by the authoriza- college environment. Many a tian nurture of its own young tion, on the part of the two counselor, when students return people and the large denomina- Women's Boards, of counselors from vacation periods, sees to it tions give especial attention to for every local church, whether that opportunity is given for the spiritual needs of their stu- or not that church was in a col- them to report what they have dent groups. Trained student lege community. This expansion done as church emissaries. pastors or secretaries direct ac- led at once to a new and broader tivities for students in the local conception of college counselor It is the custom of counselors church or follow boys and girls work. to arrange for some church recto the college campus to throw ognition of returning students. about them the protective arm A study of some of the meth- An evening in a church home, a of the Church. This service, ods now employed by counselors banquet at the church, the entergiven by specialists in the stu- will perhaps best indicate the tainment of individual students dent field, is usually of a high value of the expanded plan. in homes – any such interest order. It is especially evident at Methods mentioned have all been manifested in friendly spirit state universities and in educa- proved to be practical and many brings rewards out of all protional centers where the student are in common use by the ma- portion to the effort involved. body is large. jority of counselors. Some counselors bring together A Volunteer Worker In a Community Without a college and high school young College people of the church during the Christmas or spring vacation, so A few years ago the leaders of The counselor working in a that the younger group may the Woman's American Baptist community wit h 0 uta college judge of the value of higher ed- Home and Foreign Mission Soci- seeks to keep in friendly touch ucation, the choice of a school, eties instituted a plan for work with college students connected and such matters, from college among Baptist students, to be with the church. To this end she folk themselves. maintained by volunteer effort will know intimately the promisand to be carried out by college ing young people of the church In a College Community counselors in 10 c a I Baptist churches in college communities. and their educational plans. The counselor in a college com- The statement of purpose of the When they leave for college she munity also has for her first goal project reads: will inform counselors in their to keep in friendly touch with college churches of their new ad- college students connected with . The work of the College Counselor dresses. She will write and send the church. She receives letters IS to preserve and develop the link them church bulletins, if the from counselors in other places between the denomination and the stu- church itself does not make this telling her of incoming students.

dent, not only for the sake of se- a practice. She will see that the She secures also a list from the curing recruits for the mission fields church recognizes in some ap- college or university of students propriate way the departure of giving her particular church as or other forms of Christian service, students in the fall. One church their preference. but for the sake of developing an intelligent, able constituency filled with missionary consecration. holds a student prayer meeting She sees that early contact is In accordance with this ideal, before its young people leave. made with students. She makes counselors in large and small Another holds a special commu-· calls herself and has girls and college centers in various states nion service, the memory of men, preferably students themhave helped students to keep which often helps the student to selves from the local church, call their interest in the church and keep his spiritual poise in the upon new students and extend [169]

invitations to church activities. counselor asks each student to counselor. She keeps in touch Many churches h a v e student fill out an information sheet. memberships which students are with graduate students, she tells encouraged to take. Members of "What Is Your Hobby?" pastors in places to which grad- uates move, of their talents and the church may act as special Check things in the following list experience, and thus endeavors guardians of the religious inter- which you can do. (Sing; Tell Sto- to relate them quickly to their est of certain students for the ries; Teach; Make Posters; etc.) new churches and communities. entire year. They invite the stu- If you were to serve on a committee This service is especially valu- which of the following would you dent of their church adoption to prefer? able when removals are made to their homes, to share their pews These and other questions give large cities, where it is easy· for during church services, and in- a key to the interest and ability newcomers to lose their church troduce them to group activities of the student group. interest. such as the choir, Sunday School The counselor is provided with The Church of the future needs classes and the young people's useful missionary and Christian a generation of young people organizations. leadership information and in- eager to give to the work of the Usually the church as a whole spiration. From time to time she Kingdom of God their trained welcomes the students in some places this material in the hands and consecrated service. The social way. Many churches have of those who are choosing their mission work of the future will student committees, headed by life work. Most of all, in friend- be in their hands. College counthe counselor, and this group ly conversation, perhaps before selors represent one of many plans the fall welcome to the her own fireside, she is able to agencies whose effort is directed coIIege young people. In many say the guiding word which towards helping to develop that places a reception is the order of proves to be a lamp to the future promise of beauty and spiritual the day. Some churches arrange pathway of her young friend. force which lies latent in all for banquets, with members of The High School Group young persons so that it will find the church acting as individual splendid fruition in lives of servhosts and hostesses to their young guests. Sometimes affairs As a second objective, all coun- ice for Christ. of entirely informal character are desired and hikes, bacon bats selors encourage promising high ORIENTAL STUDENTS ON or visits to some country or sum- school students to go to college MODERN MISSIONS mer home are enjoyed. or to get further training along As the year progresses the lines of their special interest, not [Pastors, Sunday School teachers counselor comes to know her and mission study leaders may well students and her home becomes only for the sake of their own the mecca of girls and boys enrichment, but also as a natural ponder carefully these frank admoniwho are lonely, discouraged or . tions as indicating the method of aptroubled. She shows her interest part of their religious develop- proach necessary for a successful minand friendliness in many simple, gracious ways. One counselor ment and training for Christian istry among present day Orientals. In service and leadership. fact, does the matter not go deeper than mere methods into the realm of Counselors arrange for church recognition of the high school spiritual attitudes which represent most truly the mind of the Master in graduates through church Bac- his dealings with man?] calaureate Sundays, congratula- Thirty Chinese students at the takes to the dormitory a birth- tory notes to graduates, and the University of Pennsylvania were day cake whenever anyone of like. They also encourage church recently invited to dine with an her girls is celebrating her natal day. Flowers from her garden and individual scholarship funds outgoing missionary under ap- for ambitious high school stu- pointment as a nurse in their are shared with the girls. "I never knew how much I loved dents without means. It is im- native land. After a simple meal portant for the church to be vi- the gathering was turned into apple blossoms until Mrs. – – brought some to my room this tally interested in the educa- an informal round table of ad- tional equipment of its youth, vice. The twenty-two students spring," said one girl who was far from the orchard fragrance and for the young people to feel present were asked to prepare of her father's farm. the missionary for what she was the warmth of the church's in- soon to meet in China, as well as terest in practical ways as they One counselor, through the seek to train themselves for a to give her any advice or admostudent church s c h 0 0 I class fine type of leadership. which she teaches, arranges each . nitions they deemed desirable. year for a Home-coming Sunday The Graduate Group They were a mixture of Bud- dhists, Mohammedans, Chrisfor parents. The students vie As the counselor's encourage- tians and open-minded inquirers with each other in bringing their ment and help reaches down to of no declared faith. For more parents from afar to spend a the prospective college student, than two hours they held the day of happy fellowship with so she reaches forward to the floor and their admonitions were them as guests of the church. college graduate. To conserve his a symposium of practical sug- In seeking to find a place of or her interest and ability for gestions both for foreign workusefulness and activity for her the church's needs and opportu- ers and for their backers at students in the local church, one nities is the privilege of the home.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Do not become high-hat, giving our rested on a paper ocean stretch- together. All efforts down to date people the feeling that you are supe- have, however, proved insufficient. ing down the expanse of white Every reform is born in an atmosrior to them and that your country cloth. Blue crepe paper was phere previously created, but the is greater than their country. stretched and then crumpled to Church of Jesus Christ is far behind Have an abundance of patience, for there will be many things to irritate. represent waves whose crests the leadership of her Master in shap- Do not go to our country feeling ing the atmosphere for a warless that just because you come from a were white-capped with touches world. Mental disarmament must abforeign country you can boss us of white paint or moistened raw solutely precede disarmament of any around. other sort. The creation of such an starch. An expansive mirror, The trouble with so many mission- laid flat and bordered with twigs attitude of mind among nations of aries in our country has been that the earth is peculiarly the task of they are not as well prepared as the for trees, is effective to repre- the Church, and of America in par- ticular. Chinese whom they try to win to their sent water. religion. A hostess in appropriate na- The central ship was named "America," as the flagship of the Rid yourself of all racial feeling; tional costume sat at one end of World Peace Fleet about to be for the Chinese folks to whom you each table and a toast speaker assembled to render obsolete the or singer at the other. Impro- war fleets of the earth. But minister will soon sense any feeling vised foreign costumes were welof racial superiority. comed, if guests could procure America must have cooperation. A spokesman from the Chinese Adapt yourself as soon as possible table was called upon to present her auxiliary cruiser "Friendto the absence of all United States conveniences, such as a bath tub in them. At each plate stood a tiny ship" and to give a ten-minute every home, running hot water in Christmas candle, imbedded in a 'talk on cultivation of friendly, large gum drop for stability; red confidence-filled, trustful relaabundance, etc., and do not constantly candles were used at the Jap- tions with all other nations of remind us that you are missing these c.onveniences.

Do not be overcome by discourage- anese . table to harmonize with earth. Acceptance of cruiser fol- the tiny Japanese flag on the lowed. ments. You will meet many more ship, and an alternation of red, than we have met as students in your white and blue candles stood on The spokesman for India (a country. young college man on whom a share of the fighting would fall Missionaries must show the real in the event of another war) was called upon to present his cruisspirit of America to China to offset the United States table. er, "Partnership," to represent the disillusionment of our people be- our cordial, cooperative relations No.1, the key-table, was American. with other nationalities, who are cause of the way foreign countries our equals in endowments if not Columbia, resplendent in white robe, always in opportunity. have treated us in the past. bunting cape with red and blue straps, Medical service makes friends much a gilt-star necklace and a coronet, act- Japan next presented her toast ing as hostess, the toastmistress serv- in the form of a solo, "My Task," more quickly because it is an easier ing as her vis-a-vis. From the mast as expressive of "Kinship." way to demonstrate friendship. of the central ship long lines of tiny U. S. flags extended to the ends of From the Philippine Island When you sail up the river to the table. Towed behind this "good world came the toast on "States- Shanghai, you will see the gunboats ship, America," was a captive war vessel whose flag of combat had been of so many nations anchored in the river. Ask yourself the question that replaced by the Christian flag. educated Chinese are always asking- Table No.2, representing China, "Why? Why? Why?" was centered by a Chinese junk made Learn to play with us, for it is the easiest way in every country to be- by the son of a returned missionary. come acquainted. No. 3 represented India. No.4, Japan. We ought to do away with the term No.5, the Philippine Islands. "missionary" which has come to have No.6, the Cosmopolitan aggregaan unpleasant significance. I do not know what to offer, but it ought to be tion of many other nations. something like "international friend."

AN INTERNATIONAL No.7, "The New World of Uni- manship," showing what our versal Peace and Goodwill"-a land men of affairs can do. DINNER as yet uncharted but plainly visible to the eye of faith. The Cosmopolitan table pre- This program, given at a large sented a speaker for the climax: gathering in Granville, Ohio, was Merriment for the young folk "Fellowship." This was a disan earnest effort to arouse Chris- in the way of home-made jingles, tinctively religious talk, putting set to familiar tunes, was pro- the matter specifically up to the tian people to their obligation to vided between courses. At the Christian Church if it would be close of the meal the toastmis- consistent in holding its teachcreate the spirit of friendship in tress gave the setting for the ing of the fatherhood of God and which all international disputes theme: man's brotherhood in Christ. may be settled by arbitration "The New World of Peace rather than by a resort to force. "Fourteen years since the jubilant and Goodwill" offered a soloist The program was planned and announcement of the close of 'The carried out in an earnest spirit War to End War.'''

of prayer and produced a pro- Quotations from current literature rendering "The Lord Is My found impression. were given, and reliable facts as to Tables were decorated with Strength," as a toast on "Lord- present armament burden, warlike at- ship." flags, doilies, curios, statuettes, titudes of mind, suspicions, hatred, The toastmistress then de- jeal.ousies among nations, etc. She etc., to represent different na- pointed out the foolishness of con- clared that the spiritual will to tions. A ship's model, such as demning efforts of statesmen and arbi- . decorates a mantelpiece, formed peace should be substituted for the centerpiece of each table and trators looking toward disarmament the war system of the nations, of nations, since reforms are usually the product of many factors working and that the ideals of the King-

dom of God could be brought to publicity. This is accepted as dergartens. Bring pieces of cloth, pass only through catching the fundamental in the business thimble and scissors, to cut and sew spirit of Him who said, "I am world, but religious workers blocks for quilts to be sent to orthe light of the world." In sym- often neglect or even discount phanages. These things sell the misbolism of this she lighted a can- advertising as s a v 0 r i n g 0 f sionary society and create interest. dle at the masthead of the flag- "worldliness," overlooking the When the folks are absent miss them ship before her. (This was the fact that the only culpability and tell them so. signal for turning off all electric would consist in failing to "delights in the room.) Two white- liver the goods" as advertised. Sell the Woman's Missionary Sorobed peace emissaries then ap- ciety to the prospective members by peared, bearing tall white can- Mrs. Bess Judd Doty, Pastor's personal letters and clever invitations. dles, which they kindled at the Assistant in the First Methodist (Picture of a zeppelin with the words Christ candle and carried in suc- Church of Cleveland, says: -"We're making a flying trip to the cession to each hostess in the new Brewster Hospital at Jacksonroom. As the hostess received Publicity is of value only as you ville, Florida. Leave First Church the light for her own tiny place- have something worth advertising and Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock. candle, she repeated: "The light we assume that your program has Gome along!") . . . Ask the church of World Peace is kindled in the been thoughtfully and prayerfully secretary for a list of prospective heart of China (or India, or prepared, that it is alive and worth members; divide the membership into Japan, etc.). It glows brightly while. Who knows that you have a groups and assign new names to each. and passes on" – lighting the Woman's Missionary Society? Speak- Ask each member to interest herself candles of her neighbor on the ing in business terms, you are to sell in a prospective member; to call for right and on the left. Each guest this organization-first, to yourself. these women and take them to the thus receiving a light,turned and You must yourself believe in the im- meeting. Use the telephone. Do not passed it on to her neighbor un- portance of the task before you can criticize the society, the officers .or the til every candle in the now dark- convince others. As Publicity Secre- workers. Never belittle the work of ened room was glowing. tary you should be a member of the any other organization to gain mem- program committee so that you may bers for your own. Talk it up, never A trio of women rose and sang catch the enthusiasm and know from down. . . • with deep expression three stan- the start what you are to advertise. zas of "The Light of the World Sell your auxiliary of the Woman's Is Jesus." At each repetition of Seoond, sell the Woman's Mission- Missionary Society to the world. Send this musical phrase, everyone in ary Society to your pastor. . . . notes of grateful appreciation to outthe room elevated his candle and Give him a written, detailed notice siders who serve in any way. Write sang the words, then lowered it for the church bulletin, do not rush up accounts of special meetings or again until the next recurrence. up after the morning worship serv- social affairs and send them to your The toastmistress rep eat e d ice and say: "Don't forget to put in local and denominational publications. reverentially: "As light begets a notice about our meeting next Any news and worthwhile suggestions light, so Friendship, Partner- week." If it is not important to you, for securing members, for unusual ship, Kinship, Statesmanship, it is not important to him. . . . programs or for raising money will Fellowship, Lordship are passed always find a place in the columns of from person to person until all Ask him as he calls to tell what church papers. "Sell your Woman's the world becomes a brother- fine work your society is doing. You'll Missionary Society!" hood and World Peace through cheer his heart by your enthusiasm. Christ, our Saviour, shall be AMERICA FIRST? realized upon earth." After a meeting report to him the number of new folks who attended. Bishop G. Ashton Oldham, in a ser- A prayer closed this service, Tell him that the budget is all mon preached at Washington, ma~e an whose devotional and consecra- pledged, and that the women packed impassioned appeal that Americans tional effect was very deep. a wonderful supply box, etc. . . . should secure for their country "first Invite him to the luncheons or din- This program may be used ners and invite his wife, giving them place"- without a dinner, though the as- complimentary tickets. . . . Not merely in matters material, but sembling power and decorative opportunities of the gathering Use the bulletin board and black- in things of the spirit. around the tables enhance the board. Use attractive posters and get Not merely in science, inventions, values. A similar program may them up early. . . . Send out mimbe prepared for expressing the eographed notices, cleverly illustrated. motors and skyscrapers, but also in need and the spread of the Gos- Throw out the challenge of the task. ideals, principles, character. pel of Christ throughout all the . . . Present information in an world. attractive form. Have a "Mission Not merely in the calm assertion of School" (send out the invitations in rights, but in the glad assumption of PUBLICITY POINTERS the shape of different states and write, "What state is this? Come pre- duties. The best programs, plans and pared to tell what missionary home or Not flaunting in her strength as a policies will fall short of their school is located in this state.") . . . possibilities without adequate Learn to use new members-assign giant, but bending over in helpfulness tasks. Make money raising a pleas- over a sick and wounded world like ure. Talk tithing. Lay a mile of a Good Samaritan. pennies-16 pennies to a foot, $844.80 in a mile. Give out "Rainy Day Not in splendid isolation, but in Bags" in which to drop a nickel every courageous cooperation. time it rains. Raise a certain sum for a salary by dividing the amount Not in pride, arrogance and dis- into small gifts per month, per week, dain of other races and peoples, but per day, etc., and ask pledges for in sympathy, love and understanding. these amounts. Make scrap books for hospitals. Save fancy envelope lin- Not in treading again the old worn, ings and send them to mission kin- bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will follow into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more.

Some day some nation must take that path-unless we are to lapse once again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRESENT-DAY HOME Migrant Fellowship, made pos- s tor i e s and dramatizations, MISSIONS sible through the cooperation of han d w 0 r k, hom e nursery a grower, was completed. courses, infant care, carpentry, The Annual Meeting of the sewing, cooking, health educa- Council of Women for Home In the legislative field there tion and recreation were all a Missions held January 4-6,1932, have been marked advances. part of the activities in the difin Toronto, Canada, was a Delaware raised the working ferent centers. memorable occasion made so by age of children in canneries the true hospitality expressed in from twelve to fourteen years. International Relations many ways by the Canadian The canners of the state backed friends who gave the delegates this legislation. Pennsylvania The report of the Committee from the States a most hearty has made school attendance by on International ReI a t ion s welcome. showed that the Council has ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Executive Secretary, been particularly active during In the very opening session, Council of Women for Home Missions the past year in this field, carry- Miss Anne Seesholtz was elected ing on work in cooperation with Executive Secretary of the migrant children compulsory no the ten other national organiza- Council of Women for Home matter from what state they tions of women constituent to Mis s ion s, succeeding Miss come. New Jersey is now work- the National Committee on the Florence E. Quinlan. Miss See- ing on a plan of education Cause and Cure of War. Tosholtz comes to this position through special classes and also gether the Federation, Council with exceptional training and a housing code for migrant and National Council of Fedexperience in the religious and camps. erated Church Women secured educational fields. She assumed over 145,000 signatures to a her office on February 1 and will In the work on the field the petition addressed to the Interin future serve as one of the standards were raised. In the national Disarmament Congress editors of this "Bulletin." t wen t y fields in California, at Geneva, urging the Confer- Oregon, Washington, Colorado, ence to gratify the expectations Reports given at the meeting New York, New Jersey, Dela- and hopes of the world by puts howe d interesting develop- ware and Maryland where the ting into immediate and unhesiments in the home mission Council of Women for Home tating effect the pledges already realm. Missions has organized Chris- made for the reduction of na- tian social service work there tional armaments. We are re- Migrant Work was real achievement. Bible joicing that the church women were able to more than double The report of the Committee their quota of 60,000 signatures. on Migrant Work revealed the Altogether over 700,000 women grave effect of the economic situ- in the United States signed this ation upon the migrant group. petition. Work in cannery centers has been unsteady and local workers Indian Work out of regular employment have crowded out the migrant labor- The work with Indians in ers. Wages were reduced as Canada was presented by Mrs. much as 331/3 per cent in some H. A. Lavell and Mrs. D. T. L. places. McKerroll of Canada and in the States by Rev. Frank A. Smith, In spite of difficult times em- D. D., Chairman of the Joint ployers and groups in migrant Committee on Indian Work and areas have maintained their Miss Helen M. B ric k man, level of cooperation or exceeded former Director, Indian Work. it to such an extent that they contributed actually 37 per cent The statement was made that of the total expenditures in the Indian population of Canada, Migrant Work in 1931. now something over 108,000, is This year the work under the [173]

peaceful and happy and more superintendents and principals denominational agencies are acand more showing an interest in have meant changes in the whole tively supporting it. public affairs. The influence of school set-up, including the rethe Christian Church through ligious program. The young In- World Day of Prayer her missionary contacts and the processes of education and train- dians, too, during these last "One cannot but be impressed ing along many practical lines years have reflected the uneasi- wit h the significance of the have done much to develop in ness and uncertainty of the WorId Day of Prayer for such a these people a spirit of content- school employees; the increasing time as this," stated the report ment and a desire to make some- poverty and suffering of their of the Committee on World Day thing of their lives. History people has caused most of them of Prayer. "Every nation the shows that many Indians have the greatest distress, and one world around has been passing not only marked ability and must add to these factors the through times of unprecedented gifts beyond the average but are utter bewilderment which these distress. What a time is this for ambitious to contribute some- young people feel as they face Christians in all lands to bear thing to the world's work. In life and work in their country one another's burdens in united these types the Indian is seen at under conditions such as exist intercession – nation with nahis best with race tendencies today. Any religious program tion, race with race. well in control. All the churches in Canada have had a share in must take into account these "Prayer truly is dynamic. We the work of Indian missions. factors. In addition to these, have wit n e sse d this united The Roman Catholics were the however, the religious work di- prayer service fairly leap from first on the field and signs of rectors have faced the perplexity country to country until on Febtheir zeal as missionaries are of administering a program of ruary 20, 1931, Christians in evident in every province of the more than twoscore countries Dominion. Nearly half of the religious education which will had joined the fellowship of Indian population of Canada are meet the requirements of the united intercession." Roman Catholic. The Anglican school, which will be acceptable Church leads the Protestant de- to local churches, which will It was announced that Mrs. nominations in numbers, and it measure up to the standards de- C. C. Chen of China is the author is interesting to note that the sired by the Joint Indian Com- of the program for March 3, very first Anglican Church in mittee, and which will also meet 1933, and that the Call to Prayer Upper Canada was the one built their needs as the young Indian will be prepared by an American on the Mohawk Reserve near people themselves see them. Indian. Brantford in 1785. The Presbyterians, too, have a long record Certain definite objectives for Study Courses of splendid work, and the United the religious program have been Church of Canada, through one uppermost during the last few The report of the Committee of its constituent bodies, dates years, and definite progress on Study Courses revealed that its work for Indians back to although the sale of home mis- toward these goals made. In the sion study books has been affect- 1824. great effort to lead Indian boys ed this past year by the general and girls into a knowledge of depression, the record of sales is In its work of the year the and love for Jesus Christ, their slightly over last year. Joint Committee on Indian Lord and Master, church an·d Work has kept before it the The program for the coming definition of its task as accepted worship services, Sunday School year is as near completion as is by the Home Missions Congress, classes, denominational meet- possible at this time. The adult "Our task is preeminently spir- ings, religious clubs, and week- book, now ,in manuscript form, itual-the bringing of every In- day courses in religious educa- is a collaboration by Dr. Lewis dian into allegiance with our tion have been emphasized and Meriam and Dr. George W. Hin- Lord and Saviour for worship man, both of whom have a wide and service in His Kingdom, strengthened. acquaintance with Indian Work. that with Christians of other Dr. Meriam, whose survey for races they may interpret and ac- In order to develop religious the government has made him cept the full meaning of His leadership increasing responsi- an authority, has an exceeding- Lordship in their lives." bility for planning and assisting ly sympathetic attitude toward in the religious program has Indians. Dr. Hinman's relation- The report brought out the been given to the Indian young ships to the work of his own defact that the changes in the ad- people themselves and in several nomination and the Service Comministration of Indian affairs mittee on Indians has given him have had an effect upon the re-· of the schools real initiative has an equally broad knowledge from the standpoint of Christian ligious program in the Indian been shown. missions. schools. While there has been Eight denominations through splendid cooperation on the part Miss Winifred Hulbert spent of school authorities, changes in their ten mission boards now nearly five months visiting In- recognize the Service Committee dian schools and mission sta- on Indians, which serves as a tions on Indian fields and has the liaison agency between the mis- sion boards and tlie government, and have indicated their general willingness to work through it as occasion requires. Two inter-

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

book for young people well in Honorable N. W. Rowell, K. C., national Relations, Race Relahand. She is also preparing a Vice-President of the Institute tions, and World Day of Prayer. unit course for intermediates on Pacific Relations. He pointed based on "Three Arrows" by E. out the necessity for a world out- With the Home Missions Coun- Ryerson Young, an intermediate look on problems and the need cil there are joint committees on reading book. for christianizing ecclesiastical, Alaska, City and New Ameri- social, economic and interna- cans, Com i t y and Five-Year A course book for juniors is tional relations. He urged the Program, Indian Work and Probeing written by Katharine Church to realize the importance motion. Gladfelter, while for primary of allaying racial prejudices and children stories are being fur- national antipathies, and to use Editor's Note: At the same time that the nished by Florence C. Means and its power to further public opin- Council of Women held its Annual Meeting, teacher's material by Frances ion in increasing international the Home Missions Council also met, joint Somers Riggs. An additional in- cooperation. sessions taking place in the afternoon and sert sheet of American Indian evening of each day. Report of joint work sketches will be prepared to ac- Officers and resolutions adopted by both bodies appear company the North American elsewhere in this issue. Picture Map already in print. The following officers and ex- ecutive officers were elected: THE ANNUAL INVENTORY Addresses Honorary President-Mrs. George W. The Annual Meeting of the Stirring addresses by promi- Federation of Woman's Boards nent men and women of the Coleman. of Foreign Missions of North United States and Canada were America was held at the Hotel heard. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Gramatan, Bronxville, N. Y., First Vice-President-Mrs. Philip M. January 9-11, 1932. This is the Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President time when the Federation takes of the Council of Women, cited Rossman. inventory of stock, discovers the many instances of devoted serv- things which have been done ice on home mission fields. Second Vice-President – Mrs. May m 0 s t advantageously through the past year, and how they may Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Leonard Woodruff. be improved upon for the next President of the Federal Council Third Vice-President-Mrs. Fred S. year. of Churches, stoutly defended the Church's right to have a Bennett. . During this year the work of voice in all matters pertaining to Recording Secretary-Miss Julia Flor- many ofthe committees has been national and international wel- outstanding and has made a very fare. Speaking on "The Place of ance. real contribution to the missionthe Church in Democracy," he Treasurer-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz. ary enterprise. The Committee said that the Church should not on Missionary Preparation has be muzzled in her attempt to Executive Secretary-Miss Anne See- been making a study of some of voice the Christian attitude with the problems of recruiting and regard to war, disarmament, sholtz. preparation of candidates and temperance and other social and Secretary for Migrant Work-Miss of the type of workers and trainindustrial problems. ing needed in specific cases. This Edith E. Lowry. committee recently assembled a Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., Western Field Secretary and Super- group of twenty-five candidate President of the Women's Aux- visor for Migrant Work – Miss secretaries, members of candiiliary of the Ontario Diocese, date committees and mission- Church of England in Canada, Adela J. Ballard. aries together with such specialspoke on "The Adventure in Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn ists as Dr. Carney and Dr. Case Life." She deplored the idea of of Teachers College and Dr. many that religion has left ad- Morse. Reisner of the Committee on Agventure outside, stating that the Office Secretary-Miss Virginia Kai- ricultural Missions. The group Christian religion was the great headed by Dr. Donohugh herself adventure of the ages. One of ser. had a most interesting conferthe great adventures of the ence on "Women Workers in present day, she pointed out, was Chairmen Rural Areas – Their Qualificato be found in helping to solve tions and Preparation." It is some of the problems of the com- The following chairmen 0 f hoped that there will be very munity such as unemployment, standing commi ttees were definite results from this conferdistribution of wealth, friendli- elected: ence. ness to the stranger in the neighborhood, and provision of whole- Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. The Committee on Foreign some recreation. Chautauqua Home Missions Institute Students has been doing a very interesting piece of work this "Forced by the progress of -Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. year in cooperation with the events, we now live in a world, Finance-Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor. Committee on Friendly Relanot a community," stated the Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel tions, the Foreign Student Com- Semple. Study Courses-Miss May Huston. Young People's Work- Miss Muriel Day.

As yet the Chairman of the Committee on Migrant Work has not been named. It was deeply regretted that Mrs. Kenneth Dexter Miller felt it necessary to relinquish the chairmanship of this committee.

There are joint committees with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and National Council of Federated Church Women on Conferences and Schools of Missions, Inter-

mittee of the Y. W. C. A., and sire for this has been expressed Mrs. F. I. J ohns.on, that of the Committee of Refer- Mrs. H. A. Lavell, ence and Counsel. A limited sum by nationals speaking in this Mrs. James C. Colgate, of money has been made avail- country. It has already been Mrs. D. J. Fleming, able for cases of emergency need tried with success in the cases among foreign students and al- of union institutions and in the Mrs. William L. Darby, ready a goodly number of stu- union work in Mesopotamia and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, dents have been helped in the in Santo Domingo. A committee Mrs. L. R. RQunds, solution of their problems. Plans will study possibilities, ways and means during this coming year. Mrs. L. L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. ShQver. Treasurer-Mrs. Frank GaylQrd Cook. Assistant Treasurer-Mrs. Philip M.

are going forward for two or On Sunday evening the Fed- Rossman. three conferences in foreign stu- eration enjoyed a family supper Executive Secretary-Miss FlQrence dent centers in different parts of the country, and the Committee with guests fro m Bronxville, G. Tyler. is also working to secure hospi- New York, and elsewhere. The tality for these students in Chris- following missionaries spoke: Chairmen Miss Olivia Lindsay from Japan, Chairmen of standing com- mittees are: tian hom e s , also to provide Dr. Hawthorne Darby from the Constitution and By-Laws-Miss Carspeaking engagements for them Philippines, Mrs. Arthur Harper rie M. Kerschner. from India, Miss Elsie Kittlitz which will bring some remuner- from China, and Miss Charlotte Home Base Cultivation-Miss Amelia ation. D. Kemp.

Industrial Missions' Products – Miss .The week-end at Bronxville Wyckoff from India, while the Lucy Kent. was a very profitable one, as the final messages of the evening Missionary Preparation-Mrs. Agnes program was most worthwhile. were from Ma Sa Tin of Burma C. L. Donohugh. The theme for the meeting was and Miss Carol Chen of China. Missions and Governments – Mrs.

William L. Darby. Nominations-Mrs. S. S. Hough. "Launch Out Into the Deep." The meeting continued through Interdenominational Institutions on Dr. D. J. Fleming of Union Sem- Monday with speeches from reinary spoke on Saturday evening cently returned travellers from the Foreign Field – Miss Minnie Sandberg. and laid before the delegates the Orient-Mrs. John MacGil- Finance Committee – Mrs. L. R. some of the problems which must livray and Mrs. Frank Gaylord Rounds.

be faced by mission boards in Cook-and a splendid presenta- THE UNKNOWN CHRISTIAN the near future in order to meet tion of home base interests led I the needs of a new day. Dr. by Miss Amelia D. Kemp of What was his name? I do not knQW his name: James H. Franklin, Administra- Philadelphia and followed by a I only kn.oW he heard GQd's voice and tive Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Soci- discussion. came. The message of this Annual Brought all he lQved across the sea, ety, spoke Sunday morning on Meeting is well voiced by the old . . . . To ·live a.nd wQrk fQ.r GQd-and me. "Christ's Perpetual Challenge- hymn which had been adapted And at the end, withQut memQrial for the occasion by Mrs. Amelia 'Launch Out Into the Deep' " – Josephine Burr Elmore and died; taking up the spiritual issues which was sung a number of No blaring trumpet sQunded .out his facing every Christian today in fame; making his own life tally up to times during the meetings: He lived, he died; I dQ nQt knQw his the Gospel he professes-in race relations, in industrial relations, The power of God is an ocean divine, name. in personal relations. Dr. Frank- A boundless and fathomless flood. lin told of many of the Chinese Launch out in the deep, n Christians with whom he had Cut away the shore line, had fellowship during his recent And buoyantly venture with God. NQ fQrm of brQnze and nQ mem.orial trip to the Orient and drew fur- Launch out into the deep, and let the stones shore line go. Sh.oW me the place where lie his · m.ouldering b.ones.

. .. ..

Only a thousand h.omes, Where every day the cheerful play ther illustration from Kagawa, Launch out, launch out .on the ocean Of l.ove and h.ope and courage c.omes. the great spiritual leader of S.o br.oad, These are his monument and these Japan. Out where the full tides flow. al.one: Sunday afternoon was given There is n.o form .of brQnze and nQ up to a forum hour led by Miss Officers Sarah Lyon of the Foreign De- memQrial stQne. partment of the Y. W. C. A. At Newly elected officers of the this time many of the problems Federation of Woman's Boards III of Foreign Missions are: Is there SQme desert .or SQme pathless of mission boards were brought out and it was decided that this President – Mrs. Howard Wayne sea forum hour would be continued Smith. Where ThQu, great God .of angels, wilt another year. One of the for- Honorary Vice-PresUl:ent-Mrs. Henry · se.nd me.? . . . . W. Peabody. TQ feed the waiting children .of my First Vice-President-Miss Margaret GQd?

E. Hodge. ShQW me the desert, Father, .or the sea. Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Is it Thine enterprise? Great GQd, ward-looking projects discussed Mrs. William Edgar Geil, send me; was the possibility of sending Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, And thQugh this bQdy lie where ocean missionaries to the field without denominational labels. The de- Mrs. Hume R. Steele, rQlls, CQunt me amQng All Faithful SQuls.

-E. E. HALE.

j" Our W orld;-wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~~~~I NORTH AMERICA and creep up the aisles. They bless Community Chest Receipts themselves when there is a storm. Religious Ignorance Among Children They put holy water on their beds at A grand total of $100,000,000 night, and when they are sick, they -a new record for community Even in privileged America use a lot of holy water. chests in a single fiscal yearchildren are surprisingly igno- As long as nothing is done to seems to be assured for 1932 acrant and prejudiced on religious get at the root of ignorance, we cording to a summary of' the matters. They know little of need expect nothing but intoler- ance. Propaganda for better campaigns already completed in their own religion and less of the understanding should be carried religion of their neighbors. on among the children as well 206 out of 391 cities. This sum- as among adults. mary was submitted to Walter An investigation made by Dr. Florida Missionary Assemblies S. Gifford, director of the Presi- Adelaide T. Case, Professor of dent's Organization on Unem- Education at Columbia Univer- "This Chain of Missionary sity, has undertaken to get the Assemblies is a unique experi- ployment Relief, by J. Herbert ment," writes Mrs. Henry W. Case, president of the National reactions of 1,000 children. Dr. Peabody, the advisory chairman. Association 0 f Community Case asked them (Leon Freeman says in The American He- For two years the committee Chests and Councils. The 206 brew) to write on religions other has arranged for great mission- campaigns already completed ary leaders, representing all than their own. evangelical denominations and have raised $67,865,808, com- nearly every field in the world, pared with aggregate goals of Most of the children have only to go through Florida with their $67,102,223, or 101.1 per cent of a vague association of external message. The effect has been practices of religion. They form beyond the hopes of the commit- their goals. For the normal generalizations from children tee. Forty-five states were rep- year of 1928 the entire group they happen to know. resented in the registration list of chests then in existence raised last year. It has proved a tre- Italian girls ten or eleven mendous help to Florida church- only $67,000,000. This total inyears old, writing "all they es and to the mission cause. creased each year of the depres- knew" about the Jews, said: This year two more cities were sion until $82,000,000 was ob- added, Palm Beach and J ackson- tained in 1931. With 185 cities They eat matzoths, cabbage, fish, ville. The Assemblies began in still to report or to hold their regular campaigns after Januaand pickles; they believe in Moses' ry 1, it is expected that when they eat from gold waonrdk;silsvoemreplJaetews~' the results are tabulated a recand don't like to ord of $100,000,000 will have been made. hate God; when they pray they touch their beards and say, "Baba la About 30 per cent of the sum Frisca," which means "We praise, thee, 0 Lord." raised last year by 391 Commu- nity Chests went for unemploy- Some Jewish boys wrote about Miami January 16, and went on ment relief. People who have Christians: been less affected by the depres- to Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, sion are giving generously. They eat bacon, ham and other Tampa, Clearwater, Orlando, things that are not kosher; they go to church on Sunday; Christmas is DeLand, and closed in J ackson- ville February 5.

their favorite holiday; they pray in The leaders included Dr. Rob- Relief for Coal Miners front of a cross and take their hats ert E. Speer, Rev. H. W. Myers, Starvation conditions, with off in church; the Prodisens made the of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. Swine- thousands of children under- Ku-Klux Klan; Jesus is their father, hart, of Korea; Dr. Lee Vroo- and the Christians copied the Bible from the Jews and translated it into man, of the International Col- nom:ished, lacking medical and English. lege, Turkey, and Princess Ata· hospital care and unable to go to S 0 m e Protestant children lea, of the Chickasaw Indian school because of lack of clothsummed up their knowledge of tribe. ing, and unsanitary and dilapi- the Catholics, thus: The forum had as its topic dated housing conditions, are Catholics say prayers with their "The Price of Safety," with found in the bituminous coal beads; the head of all the church IS daily periods: (1) National areas of West Virginia and Ken- the Pope, and he lives in a beautiful Safety; (2) International Safe.. tucky, according to the investipalace and people go from all over the ty; (3) Safeguards for Youth; gation made by the American world to kiss his hand. The Catholics worship idols. When they are in (4) Safeguards for the Church Friends Service Committee and chul'ch they get down on their knees and Its Missions. the Commission of the Federal [1'17]

Council of Churches. The severe were fr.om North Europe and they Mexicans Returning Home hardship is accentuated because brought an increase in Lutheran and of bank failures, low wages, un- Irish Catholic churches. Following a movement of the employment and over-developed Mexican people in Texas to reconditions of the coal industry The third period begins with 1890 turn to their native land, apwith cut-throat competition. The and c.ontinues to the World War. Dur- proximately 1,600 crossed the church investigators state that ing this period our immigrants were border at Laredo in one day of many well-meaning employers from southern and eastern Europe January. The Mexican governhave been caught and squeezed and they established an increased ment furnished transportation by this competition so that they, number of Italian, Polish and Bohe- to their homes on the other side. too, are unable to pay living mian Catholic churches and Jewish The reason is the same as that wages. Such conditions ought synagogues. which brought them into the not to exist in civilized America. S tat e s-economic conditions. The fourth period is from the World During the World War they Students for World Friendship War to the present time. The new- came by the hundreds to supply comers are from rural America, in- Sir Wilfred Grenfell an- cluding an increased number of Ne- the increased demand for labornounces the organization of a groes, Mexicans and rural whites. The ers at three times the wages society of college and secondary largest Protestant church is now a they were receiving at home. school students to study foreign Negro Baptist church of from twelve Now many prefer to face hunger affairs and promote interna- in their home land rather than tional goodwill. The new or- to fourteen thousand members. starve in the United States. In August last year only 139 Mexiganization is to be known as the The issue facing the Protest- cans entered the United States, all of them students or former North Atlantic Students League ant churches is "Can the Protof International Cooperation, estant churches by cooperative residents. and will embrace secondary planning accomplish what the Roman Catholics accomplish by centralized administration?" C h u r c h e s are succeeding which take account of the needs of their communitie&.

schools, high schools, colleges Color Lines in Methodism LATIN AMERICA and universities of the United States, Canada, Newfoundland An important move of the re- Liberal Movements in Colombia and England. It will function cent ecumenical conference of under the auspices of the Yale the Methodists in Atlanta, Geor- Many people are interested in Round Table of International gia, was the banishing of the the political situation in Colom- Relations and of the Connecticut color line from the sessions. bia, frequently referred to as Secondary Schools Society. Its The Southern Methodist Church "The New Liberal Movement." activity will be "studying for- acted as host and the delegates eign affairs and p'romoting in- were largely southern white peo- About seventy-five years ago telligent and friendly interna- ple, yet white and black dele- it was due to the temporary suc- gates sat together in the meet- cess of one of these movements tional relations between North ings on a basis of equality. "At- that citizens of Colombia invited American nations and all na- lanta made good in the matter of the Presbyterian Board of Fortions of the world." seeing to it that no discrimina- eign Missions to send missiona- tion was allowed," reports one ries with the Gospel. The move- Sir Wilfred recognizes a Negro Methodist leader. This is ment had to rest on illiteracy growing need that North Atlan- one of the most hopeful facts and superstition, as only a small tic nations shall work in har- noted in the South in recent percentage of the people were mony for world peace and years and is to the credit of literate. friendly international relation- Methodist leaders and the people ship. In the present situation it is quite different. There is now a . Chicago Religious Survey of Atlanta. One group of dele- public school system covering Dr. Arthur E. Holt, Professor gates discussed "Wider Human most of the territory of its fourof Social Ethics at Chicago Theological Seminary, has re- Relationships," and sought to in- teen states and even reaching cently completed a report of a clude in the convention's find- out into the larger municipaliunited religious survey of the ings provision for study of such ties of its six territories. Then city. Chicago, says this report, was settled in four epochs, color problems as exist in the there are the evangelical churchdominated by different racial East Indies, South Africa, the es with their numerous evangelistocks. Philippines and Haiti, as well as cal schools, including some of In the first epoch, from 1833 to in the United States. A resolu- the largest and best educational 1850, the old American stock came tion calling for action on these institutions on that continent, brin~ng Met hod.i s t, Presbyterian, giving instruction in secular and BaptIst, CongregatIOnal and Episco- issues was ruled out of order bv the chairman on the ground that Bible subjects to hundreds and palian churches. This stock is now thousands of children, young the findings could not include men and young women every found quite largely in the suburbs or reference to "specific evils." year. along the lake front. Thus the church seems con- The second settlement was from tent to denounce race discrimi- This new movement is based nation in the abstract but avoids on progress. It stands first for 1860 to 1890, when the newcomers dealing with "specific evils." international friendship, then

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

freedom of religion, freedom in to which the convicts have sunk. sickness, sin and superstition. education, freedom of the press Political influence and public Medical advice and treatment and freedom for the laboring apathy have proved too strong are given free to all who are unclass. But these very principles for humanitarian sentiment, and able to pay for them, irrespecset forth by the liberals are little has been done to alleviate tive of creed.

largely in the background of conditions. Now the Salvation Evangelistic services are con- the thinking and the desires of Army is to commence its work ducted during dispensary hours.

the leading conservatives. A and will bring the one remedial The vestibule and waiting room few days after President Olaya Force that can avail to lift these easily accommodates sixty per- was elected one of the leading men out of the fearful pit sons. Seated in the waiting conservative dailies said, "It is through the love and the grace room are those who have come time for the State Church to of God. The prayers of the in spite of opposition to seek adleave politics alone, let the gov- Christian public will go with vice and treatment.

ernment take care of material these soldiers who storm this Striking examples of the use- things, and let the church rule grim citadel of evil. fulness and abiding influence of in spiritual things." the mission have been met and A Negro Methodist Nurse for EUROPE testimonies from men, women and young people certify that Bolivia Young People in England the teaching was the means of Despite the slowing down in "In nearly forty years of leading them to fuller and more missionary activities, the Meth- Christian service," declared the scriptural knowledge of Christ. odist Episcopal Church has sent Rev. W. Charter Piggott of the out another missionary-Miss Congregational Union, "I have Scattered throughout the Lula Mae Allen-as a nurse to never been more attracted, chalengage in village nursing in In- lenged, quickened than by the world today there are many who dian communities near La Paz, young people who are round witness to the emancipating Bolivia. Miss Allen is a Negress about our churches today. I like power of the Gospel they learned and is the first member of her their independence and their race t(} be commissioned by a daring. And I am glad in the at the Medical Mission. Nor white church for missionary feeling that they are not to be are the activities of the Mission work in a part of the world . won by a religion which is cheap confined to the Dispensary, for a good work is being done in the homes of the people and in the surrounding districts.

other than Africa. In addition and easy, that does not answer Jesuits Expelled from Spain to her training as a nurse and their questions and their doubts experience as a supervising and make some real attempt to Pursuing her policy of putting nurse, Miss Allen has had spe- tackle the problems of life." an end to the activities of the cial preparation in a training Roman Catholic orders in Spain, school for Christian workers. A Scottish Forward Movement the government has now ordered the confiscation of the monas- The Salvation Army on Devil's The recent union of the two teries owned by the Society of Island leading Scottish Presbyterian Jesus, and will no longer permit churches is not to end with the the Jesuits to operate collective- Devil's Island is well named. ecclesiastical union. The new ly within the RepUblic. Found- In an interview with a corre- "Forward Movement" originally ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, spondent of The Tononto Globe, was for an advance in foreign the Society became the most General Higgins of the Salvation missions only, but its scope was powerful religious body in the Army revealed something of the widened later to include the world. They were expelled from plan for the amelioration of the home field. Twelve commissions Spain in 1767, but were allowed conditions in the colony. "Con- were appointed to consider the to return after a time. The orditions in French Guiana are be- responsibilities, opportunities, der is credited with having yond description," he said. "The and resources of the Church of about $100,000,000 of assets in rep 0 r t s which our officers Scotland. "The Call of the Spain, but the real property, brought back can never be pub- Church" gives the findings of which alone can be seized, is lished. If a hundredth part of these commissions which were rated at $30,000,000. The govwhat is said in the reports be reported to a Church Congress ernment action shows the extent true, French Guiana is nothing in Glasgow, where they were to which liberal forces have less than hell on earth." The discussed in addresses that made come into power. Salvation Army plans to open a profound impression on the work there and hopes to effect 2.500 delegates attending from Medical Missions in Portugal improvement. all parts of the country. Although there never was a Again and again the con- Limerick Medical Mission medical mission in Portugal unscience of France has been til last year, evangelical work stirred by reports from Guiana The Limerick Medical Mis- among the Portuguese began telling of conditions there, and sion of the Irish Church Mission with the efforts of a medical the unspeakable degradation in- continues to operate against missionary, Dr. Robert Reid

Kalley, who went to Madeira in were converted to Evangelical was the spirit of friendship and 1838 on account of his wife's health, learned Portuguese, un- faith. The authorities, unwill- desire to cooperate which chardertook medical missionary ing to recognize the new spirit acterized the meetings. Such a work and started Christian schools. Opposition of the of tolerance abroad in Italy, en- conference is certain to advance priests in 1846 compelled Dr. Kalley and several hundred deavored to get the law to sup- the cause of peace in this diffi- Evangelicals to flee, and for 21 years he served in Brazil. port the Claim the Papal Church cult part of Europe.

About one year ago the Lisbon makes that such persons must Medical Mission was founded by Dr. Alan G. Bodman of Great ever remain Romanists, and that AFRICA Britain. Dependence for all no change of religion shall be needs of the work is placed on prayer and the second year's recognized. When the case was Real Famine in Egypt work starts with twenty-five believers, several of whom are tak- called, these Evangelicals, some This is not a famine of bread ing a share in the work. such as was in the time of J 0- educated and some ignorant, re- seph, though poverty still Church Decline in Germany sponded to the charge with a public testimony of their faith, abounds in the Nile Valley. The During the last few years, leaving their accusers discom- serious poverty today is due to a church membership in Germany, especially in Berlin, has shown fited. The case had powerful re- famine of the Bread of Life. In a decline. The reason is chiefly the Delta of Egypt alone there the economic depression and verberations throughout Italy. the consequent poverty. The state claims twenty per cent of Awakening in Czechoslovakia are over 250 towns, besides hunevery income, and the church dreds of smaller villages, where another ten per cent. For many this is impossible. In 1927, 36,- One of the remarkable relig- there are none to tell of Christ's 700 members of the 3,000,000 ious movements of modern Way of Life-and where ignorbelonging to the Protestant Church in Berlin, laid down times was the revolution that ance, superstition, disease, povtheir membership. In 1928 the number increased to 46,000; in took place in Czechoslovakia in erty and demoralizing sin 1929 to 50,500, and in 1930 to 59,300. The Roman Catholic 1918, which has led to spiritual abound. church figures are in proportion. reformation and industrial re- When the first American mis- Of the 400,000 Roman Catholics in Berlin, 4,500 resigned mem- vival. In a few years over a sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas bership in 1927, 5,600 in 1928, 6,600 in 1929, and 6,800 in 1930. million Catholics left the Church McCayne, landed in Alexandria In Berlin, there are about 177,- 000 Jews, of whom about 560 of Rome and Czechoslovakia is seventy-seven years ago, they break their connection with the synagogue every year. During now one of the most vigorous met with fierce opposition from the last five years, 260,700 Protestants, 30,400 Rom a n and progressive of European the four million Moslems and Catholics, and 3,410 Jews have left their respective churches. nations. In 1914, its very name· half a million Copts. Now there Can Italians Change Faith? was unknown. In 1918, it had is a strong Evangelical Church Last October, four women and won international recognition in Egypt with 20,000 members. eight men from the Abruzzi district in Italy were called before and today its statesmen boast of But there are today in the Valthe chief magistrate to answer a national progress and prosper- ley of the Nile 13,000,000 Mosfor having described themselves as Protestant Christians instead ity which has not been sur- lems and 900,000 Copts-over of Roman Catholics in the re- passed. Its spiritual advance is three-fourths the number found cent national census. They had shown by the fact that the pow- there in 1860. Faced with this been baptized Catholics, but er of the priesthood has been growing problem Christians broken, and hundreds of priests need to throb with new life- themselves have seceded. The the life of the Spirit of God. awakening of the spirit of the Reformation has led to an ag- A Moslem Defends Christians gressive evangelism, not brought Ali Saif en Nasr, the son of about by any organized Protes- a wealthy and devout Moslem chief in the Fayoum Oasis, came tant propaganda, but the result of the spontaneous desire of the to the American University at people to bear witness to the Cairo in 1923, with the express reality of a new religion and a understanding on his part that determination to spread evan- he would not submit to Chris- gelical Christianity. tian "propaganda."

Balkan Friendship Conference Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly active in An important movement for dormitory social life, athletics international friendship and co- and college activities in general, operation is the second Balkan till he became the student cheer conference, held in Constantin- leader and a prophet of sports- ople in November. This brought manship. He had forgotten his together delegates from Al- hostile attitude in daily and Sun- bania, Bulgaria, Greece, Jugo- day chapel which are a part of slavia, Roumania and Turkey. the college life to which he was The principal positive ad- devoted. vance made by the conference In 1928 he wandered one eve-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ning into a downtown mass said that he too had been a very New Sahara Exploration meeting of 500 Sheikhs of the bad man, and at the time the Azhar and listened to an im- Bangwanas raided the country Dugald Campbell, F. R. G. S., passioned declaration of hate he had a brother killed. He of Scotland, a former co-misagainst Christianity followed by joined the Bangwanas and went sionary with the late Dan Crawa riotous clamor to persecute with them to other tribes and ford, recently completed a jourany and all converts to Chris- raided them. "We killed many ney of 5,000 miles from the Attianity. As the air grew heavy people, and divided their bodies lantic to the Red Sea. He has with imprecations and threats, amongst the women of the vil- now started upon another ex- Ali protested with his nearest lages," and he of course had his pedition which will probably neighbors against intolerance share. As I looked at these one occupy him for the next three and bigotry. He was threatened time cannibals, can you wonder years. From Tripoli he will go with canes and taunted with be- that my heart sang for joy that through a large number of the ing a Christian. He jumped to Christ can touch these folk and oases in Tripolitania, will visit his feet, proclaiming his name lift them from this awful degra- the Tibesti Mountains, and after and family, known well to all dation? scattering the Bible among and shouted: some of the wildest tribes of the -Mrs.llarrison. interior of the Sahara, he hopes "Are you animals to fight to reach Algeria. with your claws? Shame on New Station at Boyulu you. Cannot our religion per- A Century in Madagascar suade of its own self? If not, The Unevangelized Fields Mislet us be converted to anything sion" which carries on work in The Malagasy Church is 100 that will make us gentlemen. I Amazonia and Central Asia, years old. On June 5th, the am a Moslem, but there is no hopes soon to open work in Cen- centenary was observed. Numuse being a Moslem unless we tral Africa. Boyulu is a large bered among the first twenty can conduct ourselves with ordi- unevangelized field, and is unoc- baptized Christians was Rasanary Christian courtesy." cupied by any other evangelical lama, the first Christian martyr missionary society. Medical in Madagascar. On the site of He barely escaped assault and work has been started with the first church building, which his disgust and wrath found ex- gratifying results. The people became a prison during the long pression in words that had best show a keen desire to hear the persecution, stands the present be forgotten. But he had Word of God, which has already fine Martyr Memorial Church of learned the lesson of Gamaliel: been translated into the inter- Ambatonakanga. At one of the that truth and courtesy must tribal language. The people con- services of the commemoration rule though the heavens (Mos- tinually ask for more instruc- interesting mementos of early lem or Christian) fall. tion. days were shown, Rasalama's box in which she kept her Bible, -The Moslem World. Lovedale Activities the first Communion Plate and early copies of the first printed Cannibals Won to Christ Young Africans are being Malagasy scriptures. trained in many ways by Love- An old man with a white dale Institute. Work parties, or- Where one small wooden beard at a Christian meeting in ganized for afternoons, are en- building represented the early the Western Sudan is a very un- gaged in planting and rearing church, now hundreds of towusual sight. Later he said that trees, in orchard work, in road ers and spires all over Imerina while he was young his relations construction. One group built a testify to the power of the Gossent him to another tribe where suspension bridge across the pel, while the first twenty baphe learned to beat a call to war. river Tyumie, and also worked tized members have grown to They marched to a neighboring at a hall for wayfarers. Car- tens and even hundreds of thoutribe and overcame their en- pentry, blacksmithing, shoemak- sands. emies. When asked what he did ing, farming, forestry, domestic with those who were killed, he science, the training of nurses, WESTERN ASIA said, "I ate them"! are all carried on. The Institu- tion Church reports that the Turkey and the Mission Schools Sometime later he heard that number seeking admission to a white man had come to teach full church membership was the The Turkish newspaper Son them about God. This old man's highest in memory-no fewer Posta, September 29, 1931, pubface lit up when he said the than seventy-six were admitted lished an article which shows white man was Bwana Muku- in one day, while others who clearly that the attitude of the bwa (Mr. Charles Studd) who were considered worthy were re- Turkish Government to mission told him that if he repented and ferred to their home congrega- schools is definitely hostile: followed Jesus he would be tions for various reasons. saved. He believed and has nev- "According to the Lausanne er gone back since. A number The school draws its pupils Treaty the right of missionaries of people had gathered, and from many races-Xosa, Basuto, to carry on educational work in after the ex-cannibal had fin- Bechuana, Zulu and Indian. Turkey ended this year. The ished speaking another man government could have abol-

ished all these missionary insti- Turkestan, who have left their The marriage of a Persian woman tutions. But this would have homes because of religious and to a foreigner shall take place only brought a crisis, as there are not economic disabilities enforced with the permission of the governsufficient schools for all the chil- upon them by the Soviet regime. ment. Penalty for disobedience is imdren. In order to avoid this the About thirty of these Turkestan prisonment from one year to three Ministry of Education has de- Moslems are in Delhi. years. cided to act gradually toward this abolition. Religious restrictions began A Milestone in Persia with the banning of all religious "The Ministry has adopted teaching in schools and, as Mos- When Moore Science Hall two new measures against these cow's influence grew, spread was begun recently on the foreign schools. First, Turkish until Korans and other religious grounds of the American College children will not be allowed to books were seized. In order to at Teheran, within the cornerreceive their primary education prev~nt attendance at mosque, stone was deposited a copy of in these schools. Second, the the authorities imposed high the Bible in Persian. This siguniversity will not accept the taxes on all worshippers, while nifies the conviction of those rediplomas of these institutions preachers and leaders who re- sponsible for the college that the without examination. This will belled against these measures word of God and the principles lessen the number of students were imprisoned, shot or sent to and truths therein set forth are in the upper classes of the for- Moscow and never heard of the real foundations, the true eign institutions. The graduates again. cornerstone of the institution. of these institutions usually go This is the first building ever to Europe or America for ad- Moslem children are com- erected in Persia exclusively for vanced study. pelled to attend schools where the teaching of the sciences and atheism is preached, and they so it is a milestone in the de- "The harm of the missionary are taught to despise the faith of velopment of modern education schools is evident. These must their parents. Islamic marriages in this land. somehow be restricted. We ex- were declared illegal, and all pect the government will take wishing to be married must go Schools that Make Christians steps at least to limit the harm through a secular ceremony at done to our children." which a non-Moslem Soviet of- "Two Christians are on our ficial officiated. teaching staff," writes a Presby- -The Moslem World. terian missionary in Persia, Passports are refused to those "one of whom is in charge of re- Radio in a Mosque who wish to go on pilgrimages, ligious instruction in the first and fasting for religious r,easons four grades. The other, a more For the first time in Islamic is made a punishable offense. recent convert, has in times past history a radio microphone has been more of a problem than a been installed in a Turkish Christians and Jews are also help, but this year she has mosque–the Santa Sophia, one subjected to every conceivable shown such remarkable developof the most famous religious edi- form of indignity to make them ment in character that we look fices in Turkey. Mustapha forego their religion. to her as a strong future asset. Kemal has directed that the radio services be chanted from New Marriage Laws in Persia "A prominent Moslem ecclesithe newly adopted Turkish astic has been attacked bitterly Koran by twenty-five clergy- The following laws, passed by by a fellow Moslem for senumen. This is a notable depar- the Persian Parliament, con- ing his daughters to our school. ture from ancient custom in re- stitute the new law to be put into 'Don't you realjze they are foolligious service effected by the execution immediately: ing you? They are making progressive Turkish president Christians out of your children. this year. The Arabic Koran, Marriage shall not take place be- Is this worthy of a descendant always unintelligible to the lay- tween those who are not physically of the Prophet?' 'Well,' replied man, was replaced early in J an- fit to marry. the old father, 'perhaps. But at uary in some Istanbul mosque any rate the American School is by a Turkish translation. Penalty is imprisonment for from the only school in town that one year to three years. teaches my girls anything about The Soviet and Moslems in life.' " Turkestan If anybody deceives the one whom he or she wishes to marry, he or she INDIA AND BURMA The Statesman, Calcutta, In- will be imprisoned from six months dia, gives an account of religious to two years. An Ominous Situation persecutions carried on against the Mohammedans of Turke- Men who wish to marry shall in- Rioting in Delhi, disorders in stan. form the one in charge of ceremonies, Bengal, a Moslem split from the and those whom they want to marry, Hindu stand for independence Keen interest is being aroused about their previous wives. Deceit in and an uprising in Kashmir among North India Moslems by this matter is punishable by the above followed Gandhi's return to Inan influx into the Panjab and dia and his declaration that he Delhi of Moslems from Eastern mentioned punishment. Men shall support their wives. In case they refuse to give them food, clothing and shelter their wives may appeal to the courts.

A lady can use her own property without the permission of her hus- band.

A Moslem woman is forbidden to marry a non-Moslem man.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

would not flinch in sacrificing dred and fifty thousand a year, or a (11) Her greatest detestation the lives of a million people to steady unbroken addition of over and abhorrence is- (a) The purchase the liberty of India. twelve thousand every month of those who are publicly accepting Jesus Christian doctrine of God found- P rim e Minister MacDonald Christ as their Lord and Saviour. ed upon the life of the historic made a most outspoken statement concerning the Indian sit- Twenty years ago, the late Sir Christ. This is an offense to the Narayan Chandavarkar to I d philosophic Hindu, who holds uation, describing it as most de- Christian workers in India: plorable and denouncing Indian "The process of the conversion that eternal truth cannot be agitators in vigorous terms. He of India to Christ may not be based on an historical event. going on as rapidly as you hope, (b) The Christian doctrine of said that recent disorders on the nevertheless, I say, India is benorthwest frontier and in Ben- ing converted; the ideas that lie the Atonement is also a stumbgal did not represent a "baffled at the heart of the Gospel are ling bl?ck to Hindu thought, beand oppressed Indian struggling slowly, but surely, permeating cause It appears as a denial of every part of Hindu society, and the law o~ Karma whereby every to be "free," but "a mischievous modifying every phase of Hindu ~an receIves. the reward or punmovement trampling in its own thought." Ishment of hIS own actions. (c) self-will upon Indian progress." The idea of a suffering god is re- He was of the opinion that the There are veteran mission- pugnan! to. H~ndu thought, for people who had been working aries who say that if the politi- they thmk It mconceivable that cal questions now in turmoil are any ripple of emotion should dismany years for the enfranchise- successfully adjusted, so that ment of India must share in the the message of Jesus Christ is turb the serenity of eternal bliss. government's regret, and said no longer handicapped by the fact that He is so closely asso- College Not Boycotted . that every Indian who cares for ciated with Western ideas, the his motherland must see in these whole process of bringing India Rev. C. Herbert Rice, presi- to Him will go forward at an recent events the hand of a immensely accelerated pace. dent of Ewing Christian College spirit of mischief rather than Lahore, writes: ' that of a spirit of emancipation. An Array of Stumbling Blocks "I wish you could have been The arrest of Mr. Gandhi and A writer in The Indian Wit- ness offers a number of reasons here during the days of admis. other leaders of the Nationalist why India withholds allegiance Party, and the declaration by to Christ. sions to see the crowds of stuthe viceroy of a firm policy to (1) India has been hesitating dents seeking to be taken into maintain order, should lead In- because she thinks that if she acdians to seek a patient and cepts Christ she will have to ac- the college. It is haastatthisefacocltlioegn~ peaceful means of attaining cept Western civilization which at least, to know t self-government. she hates. (2) She has not wit- nessed the real life of Jesus in is not being boycotted after our His followers. (3) She proudly boasts of her past philosophy first year here! They swarmed intellectualism and ancestrai customs and traditions. (4) She all over the place, accompanied has been absorbing or assimilat- Encouragement from the Census ing and has lacked in elimina- by fathers, uncles, or guardians, tion. (5) Her method of accom- The official figures for the modation and the genius of ad- who came along to plead with dition. (6) From time immemonew government census will be rial India has been polytheistic the powers that be, to take in and now it is hard for her to be encouraging to those who are monotheistic. (7) Her pride in their sons. Many hundreds I the Vedas and the Rishis that making sacrifices for the spread she considers to be the oldest in should think-had to be turned the world. (8) Her imagination of Christianity. Although the has been fed purely on obscure away owing to lack of room and contemplation and mythological figures are not complete (Bur- deities. (9) She is satisfied with facilities. It is a strange sight a slight glimmering of God and mese Christians, Buddhists and is unwilling to witness fun effuI"" to see bearded fathers-some gence. (10) She judges Chris- Tribal Faiths are missing) the tianity through the British offi- ex-soldiers – actually weeping cers whom she calls despots. tabulation is as follows: tears, as they plead to have their Per Cent sons admitted, in spite of the 1931 1921 Increase verdict that 'there is absolutely Population tnhoismios rteherooonmly'!colTlehgeeywshaey~e'Bmuyt . . . . .• 352,986,876 318,942,480 10.6 Hindus 238,330,912 216,734,586 10 boy can get the moral training, Moslems 77,743,928 68,735,233 13.1 the excellent quality of scientific Sikhs .. 4,306,442 3,238,803 33 studies, and the personal atten- Christians 5,961,794 4,496,958 32.6 Jains .. 1,205,235 1,178,596 2 tion which I want him to have.

Parsees 106,973 101,778 5 I beseech you to let him in, for Jews. . . 20,984 21,778 you can do anything if you will!'

The Rev. J. F. Edwards, a Many had to be turned away, leading missionary, says: and we looked forward to the The figures mean that in a decade, day when we can accommodate when the increase in India's popula- more of these really earnest tion was unusually large, the rate of young fellows. As it is, we are increase in the number of Christians was more than three times the in- full to overflowing with about crease in the general population. The 650 here at the Intermediate increase of nearly a million and a half in ten years means nearly one hun- College, in addition to about 600 more in the High School on the

same campus-and more than resolution number five, the phrase, "A Christians in China to find a constitutional episcopate," is not used 100 advanced students are at the as a synonym for the historic epis- peaceful solution. The China University College Department." copate. Council promptly sent a sympa- thetic response. The Japanese Hopeful Signs in India India's Home Mission Society Fellowship of Reconciliation Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan The first organized mission- also communicated with the Felwrites from India: "We have a ary endeavor of the Anglo-In- lowship of Reconciliation in more hopeful outlook in the dian community is through the church. I have been in every Home Missionary Society. Its China. one of our local councils and objects are to help forward In- Japanese Christian leaders in have everywhere seen signs of dia's evangelization, and to progress. In one place a new promote the development of An- Tokyo called at the Foreign Ofcongregation is added, the fruit glo-Indian communities. Activof one of the Bates evangelists; ities sponsored by the society in- fice and on the political editors in another region, an effort is clude a Children's Home at and owners of leading newspabeing made to improve our vil- Coonoor where there are at pres- pers and requested editorials lage schools; in another an ent 39 destitute girls; Loan that would promote a friendly heroic response to the financial Scholarship Funds; a Magazine needs; in one the contributions Fund and evangelistic work settlement with China. A genof last year have been doubled. among non-Christians. It is eral meeting of Churchmen and To double their rupee contribu- hoped that a Boys' Home, simi- leaders in the peace organization'S means that they have quad- lar to the one for girls may soon rupled their contribution in be established. tion was also held in Tokyo, but grain and all sorts of farm produce." "Village of the New Day" the Japanese Government is evi- dently in control of the milita- An All-India United Church Ushagram in Bengali is an experiment in Methodist mis- rists. In the midst of the disturbed sions. It was begun in 1919 and The New York Times reported political situation, the move- represents a cooperative effort ment toward Christian unity in on the part of the Woman's For- that twenty-five Chinese and for- India is making progress and eign Society and the Board of eign Christian leaders, reprehas recently grown too large to Foreign Missions. It is an exbe limited to the formation of periment in human adjustments, senting all denominations of the a United Church of South India. an adaption of average possibili- Protestant churches in North ties to the business of living. Christian Church and including four Roman Catholics, partici- pated with General Chiang Kai- shek in one of the most unusual gatherings in the history of re- publican China when they con- ferred with him and joined in devotional services, praying for a settlement of the Manchurian dispute.

India have asked for a united Ushagram-"Village of the New Flood Affected 50,000,000 church for the entire country. Day"-is patterned on existing As a result, representatives of Indian villages, but introduces A map of the flooded regions features most essential to In- of China, part of which was the both north and south India met dia's future-the cooperative result of the aerial survey made in Nagpur in November and store, the savings bank, a water by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh, system, cooperative industries shows that the total area of seriunanimously adopted a series of and cultural development. ously flooded regions is 34,000 resolutions to govern the future square miles, exclusive of lakes. Toward three ideals, the At least 8,000 square miles of writing of formal instruments workers in this "Village of the less seriously flooded areas have of union. These representa- New Day" are striving-Better not been indicated on the map. tives included Baptists, Quak- Homes, Better Villages, Better It is estimated that 50,000,000 Citizens. persons have been directly afers, W e s ley a n Methodists, fected, of whom millions are ut- American Methodists, members CHINA terly destitute., of the United Church of north- Oriental Attempts to Avert War The Nanking government ern India and the South India United Church and Anglicans, so that the importance of this achievement is clear. The cru- cial resolutions read: Christians in both China and asked leading medical schools in That, with regard to the type of Japan have made earnest efforts China to suspend their activities organization that may ultimately to promote a peaceful settlement for three months in order to reprove acceptable for a united church of the Far East controversy. The of India, this conference records its first move seems to have been lease their faculties and adopinion that this would be found taken by Mr. Ebisawa, secretary through the general adoption of a con- vanced students for work among the victims of the floods. . stitutional episcopate responsible to of the National Christian Coun- The present forces are not representative assemblies and synods, cil of Japan, who cabled at once in a form that would comprehend, so to the National Christian Coun- sufficient to cope with the giganfar as practicable, the advantages of tic task ahead of them. It is the the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Con- cil of China that Japanese Chris- conviction of Dr. J. Heng Liu gregational modes of government. In tians would cooperate with director of the Department of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hygiene and Sanitation, that the lieved of most of the possessions drew about 700 delegates repreexperience in such preventative they had with them. In Kansu, senting every province in China public health activity will be val- the Moslems have again been except one. At the same time uable both to staff and students. causing trouble in the north- a conference for Christian work- east of the province. They car- ers was being held in Soochow, New C. I. M. Headquarters ried out their threat and killed where the principal speaker was all the inhabitants they could Gen. Chang Tsi Kiang, prob- Last June dedicatory services find within thirteen miles of the ably the strongest Christian were held for the new head- city of Liangtang. On Septem- character in Chinese military quarters of the C. I. M. in ber 25 Miss Ivy Dix wrote that circles today, who has contrib- Shanghai. About three hundred the city of Hweihsien was at- uted about $10,000 toward the friends attended. The new build- tacked by brigands. The north- work of the American Bible Soing contains space for mission- ern section of the city, where ciety. aries, administrative headquar- the China Inland Mission premters, residential flats for the ises are situated, was the only He gave an impassioned apstaff, and hospital facilities. In part not looted. These incidents peal for the preaching of the addition there is a Chinese show how widespread banditry Gospel of salvation through chapel and a hostel for Chinese is, and how great is the need to Christ. The president of the guests. The old property had re-establish law and order college is an earnest Christian so increased in value since it throughout the country. and one of the graduates, who was built over forty years ago, plans to devote his life to Christhat the proceeds of its sale cov- -Ja'n'l.es Stark, Secretary of tian work, said that he did not ered the purchase of the greater the China Inland Mission. want any mission help because part of the new site and the he was a grown man with a erection of the main buildings. Hainan Anniversary good education and ought to be The Mission now has organized able to support himself. national centers in Great Bri- Hainan Mission celebrated the tain, the U. S. A., Canada and fiftieth anniversary of its be- Christian Martyrs Unafraid Australia, each with its auxili- ginning last autumn. It was in ary centers, in addition to eleven 1869 that a Danish sea captain Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Porteous Associate Mission centers in named Carl C. J eremiassen came of the China Inland Mission re- Germany, 'Switzerland, Sweden, to China to work for the Canton port the martyrdom of some Norway, Denmark and Finland. provincial authorities, pursuing Christians in one of their out- The Mission has also nearly pirates and smugglers. He came stations. When led out to be three hundred central stations in in contact with Christianity, executed, one of the leaders China. gave up his service with the called out to his brethren, "Don't government and started work as be afraid, I firmly believe that Bandit Activities in China an independent missionary in before the axe touches our necks Formosa. His experience there our spirits will be with the In Kiangsi bandit and com- showed him the need of medical Lord !" Some were offered life munist activity still prevents training, so he went to study un- if they would deny the Lord, but the reoccupation of our evac- der Dr. J. G. Kerr in Canton. they chose death. The remainuated stations. Miss H. M. His sea voyages having shown ing Christians in that outstation, Duncan, writing last November him the great need in the Island still occupied by the Reds, meet from Changshan in Chekiang of Hainan, he began to tell the secretly to worship God when- Province, just over the border message of his Lord and Mas- ever they can. Many other from northeast Kiangsi, says: ter, there alone, unaided except Christians in Kiangsi are living "The Red army is menacing the for his colporteur. Today the under the same conditions. station sixteen miles away. It Protestant churches of Hainan When Pastor Eo-yang wrote he is reported that the Reds are at- number n ear I y 5,000, with and five other brethren were tempting to get out of Kiangsi, churches, Sunday schools and starting out on an evangelistic where fighting, looting, and tak- hospitals. tour in an unevangelized secing captive is still their work. tion of the Yuanchow district. Owing to these conditions, and Encouraging Developments acting on the strong advice of Conditions in central and the Chinese, we are refraining The Rev. Charles W. Worth south Kiangsi Province are still from visiting these outstations." of the Southern Presbyterian far from satisfactory. Mission, Kiangyin, writes sever- In the province of Honan, Mr. al interesting and encouraging Traveling Christian Exhibit and Mrs. H. E. N. Ledgard 'have facts. Time was when all confound it necessary to retire to ferences were planned, led and During the past winter an ex- Yencheng owing to an attack by financed by missionaries, but hibit of books and posters on rebrigands on Shangtsai. In more and more the missionary ligious education and evangel- Shensi, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. has no other responsibility than ism to promote the Five-Year Michel, when traveling by boat, to attend, if he chooses. Recent- Movement has been shown in were held up by bandits and re- ly, a conference in 'Shanghai different cities, including Can- ton, Hangchow, Hankow and other important centers. The

exhibit is divided into twelve asm ran high, many regarding 11. There are problems of villages sections, and includes materials that meeting as the birthplace of with special clans or groups. on religious education in the the Japanese Student Christian home, the school and the church; movement. Since then every 12. There are frequent instances on religious art, religious pag- year has seen the crowd grow- where whole villages quarrel eantry and plays; church music, ing smaller, until this year in with other villages over the dithe thousand character move- Central Methodist Tabernacle vision of water rights. ment, Christian magazines, post- not more than 150 attended to ers and tracts. Wherever shown hear Dr. Yoshimune Abe, presi- 13. Occasionally we find traces of the exhibit has aroused keen in- dent of the National Y. M. C. A. old-fashioned sex customs beterest. Council, dean of Aoyama Theol- tween the young men and wom- ogical School. This marked de- en. JAPAN-CHOSEN cline in student interest in such a significant annual service is 14. The division of the population Youth and the Church causing leaders of youth in of the village into groups by Japan much serious thought. sex and age produces a pecu- The Christian Missionary liar atmosphere in the social Federation in Japan passed the The Rural-Social Problem life. following resolution regarding Youth and the C h r i s t ian The task of the religious 15. As a rule the social life is lack- Church: worker is the enlightenment of ing in all kinds of cultural fa- society. The religious worker cilities. Observing that large sections of the youth of Japan outside the Christian should take note of the social We do not agree with all the Church are turning to Communism in aspect of the rural probem. Dr. above points. After all the their eagerness for social reform, and Nasu has pointed out (in The greatest problems are moral and feeling that earnest effort should be Japanese Christian Quarterly) religious-in any community. made to bring them into contact with fifteen characteristics of the the church, we recommend: rural social p,roblem. A Prize Life of Christ 1. That, while repudiating their 1. It is difficult to make the The first life of Jesus of Nazmethods of violence and their mate- schemes for solving the social areth written by a Japanese on rialistic philosophy, we, as Christians, problem of a radical character. purely original lines has recentview these young people with sym- ly appeared. It won a prize of pathy; that we make special efforts to 2. Private ownership of the means Yen 500 in a competition open understand them and to appreciate of production is never abro- to all Japanese pastors and their zeal and self-sacrificing devo- gated. teachers, in which there were tion; that in so far as they are ready twelve contestants. The judges to labor and sacrifice on behalf of the 3. There are many quarrels rela- were unanimous in giving the victims of the present social order, tive to the means of production award. The author said: we recognize that they have qualities and conditions governing the which might well be turned into leasing of land, (the problem For a long time I yearned to give channels of Christian faith and serv- of tenancy). the Japanese the life of Jesus in their ice; that we make a serious attempt own tongue. Seventy years have to clarify the points of agreement and 4. Because of the involved nature passed since Protestantism came to disagreement between their theories of the class composition of the Japan, but I think that Christianity and practice and those of a Christian farm in Community population, is not truly Japan's own possession social order. there is no clear or deep rooted as long as they have to understand class-distinction. Jesus in terms of foreign thought. 2. That we endeavor to show so- They must have it through their own cially-minded youth that, instead of 5. When trouble breaks out, the mother-milk, the Japanese language, being" indifferent to the cause of the reaction to the quarrel perme- not merely translations. underprivileged and oppressed, which ates every aspect of daily life youth has championed, the church re- and spreads over the whole For a long time I was interested gards this as being in reality a part community. Moreover the na- only in the higher critical study of the of its own responsibility, which, ture of the struggle is more Bible, but latterly I have realized the through its prophets it has always emotional t han intellectual, need of evangelical earnestness, if the recognized, but as a whole has inade- which may lead to grave conse- Christian message is to win its way quately faced. quences. among our people.

3. That we seek to set forth more 6. The social movement is in gen- A Korean "Foreign" Missionary clearly to youth the challenge, ad- eral passive, and seeks immeventure and demand for heroic devo- iliate profit, so that it lacks The Women's Missionary Sotion, of Christian living and of loyalty permanence. ciety of the Korean Presbyterto Christ. ian Church met in September at 7. The pressure of the problem of Onseiri, amid the beautiful scen- Y Student Work in Decline over-p,opulation is felt without ery of the Diamond Mountains. having any connection with the There were about thirty dele- The Tokyo Student Christmas economic structure of society. gates, and as many others whose rally, held annually by the stu- zeal for the cause brought them dent departments of the Y. W. 8. There is an increase in extent as visitors. and the Y. M. C. A., was the of those regions where the masmallest last year since the cus- jority of the rural population Progress was shown in varitom of such a service was estab- are chronically half – unem- ous ways. Two new presbyterlished in 1925 when over 3,000 ployed. ials were admitted, making students were assembled in a eighteen in all. rented public hall and enthusi- 9. The problem of poverty, while it does not often take the form The climax of interest was which it does in the cities, is reached in the Dedication Serv- widespread and universal. ice of Miss Suno Kim, the first 10. To deal with the problem of rural labor special caution is required.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korean woman ever appointed mand. The day before the Sunday School are being conas a foreign missionary. She is Lieutenant left, he said, "I have ducted. to go with Korean missionaries noticed how you need more -The Missionary Review of in China, to join in the work charts and how slow the present Australia. that has been carried on in process is and have decided that Shantung Province for almost if you will give me a sample of Roman Catholic Missions twenty years by three Korean just what you want, I will make It is reported that 163,615 them on better paper and will workers-46,174 priests, brothmissionaries under the General send you a thousand." Dr. Lau- ers and sisters and 117,441 lay Assembly of the Korean Presby- bach said, "Lieutenant, this auxiliaries, catechists, teachers, terian Church. means that we shall win. This doctors, nurses, etc.-constitute will be the most literate province the force of Roman Catholic The missionary elect was in the Philippines in five years missions for which the Society from now-and perhaps the of the Propagation of the Faith, brought up in a Christian home most literate in the world." the main mission-aid organizaand is a graduate of the Presby- tion of the Church, appeals for Missionary Society in Fiji terian Academy in Seoul, and of funds. a Bible training School in Yoko- For many years the Methodist The vast missionary work Church of Australia has conhama. The Board decided to ducted work in the Fiji Islands. throughout the world includes: begin home mission work among 45,826 churches and chapels; Koreans in Manchuria, and Yen 400 was set aside for that purpose.

Saving the Babies Rece~tly a Christian Society was 309 seminaries with 9,971 stu- formed in Suva with the object dents; 31,418 schools with 1,- The Baby Clinic of the Pres- of carrying on Christian work 521,710 pupils; 691 hospitals with 283,503 patients a year; byterian Hospital in Taiku, Ko- by East Indians. rea, was two years old in Feb- Mr. John Bairagi, an earnest 1,848 dispensaries with 11,066,- ruary, the first venture of its and well-educated young man, 749 patients a year; 1,525 orkind in a city of some 80,000 was appointed pastor of the In- phanages with 81,240 orphans; people. The staff is composed of dian Church in Suva. Great 299 homes for the aged with three Americans and six Kore- success followed Mr. Bairagi's 11,332 inmates; 81 leper asyans. Lectures to mothers are work and he gathered round him lums with 14,060 lepers; 134 given by a young Korean doctor, a fine body of Indian Christians. other philanthropic institutions who makes sure that instruc- Recently dissatisfaction, which with 9,966 inmates.

tions are understood. Literature it now appears had been New Britain Training Institution on the care of children is circu- smouldering for some time, lated. Undernourishment is a broke out. The chairman of the George Brown College, Vuproblem, for little is known of district had acquainted the nairima, New Britain, which artificial feeding and cow's milk, Board with some of the diffi- was officially opened in October, either fresh or evaporated, is culties that had arisen, and his 1930, is providing equipment for prohibitive in price for the aver- letter was followed by a long and carrying forward the work of age family. A food laboratory ably-drawn-up Memorial, signed the Methodist Mission of Auis in operation. About 400 ba- by thirty-four Indian Christians stralasia. Last year it began bies have been registered since in Suva. the clinic was opened. with 205 students. A school for The main contention of the students' wives supplements the Memorial is that an undue em- work of the college, and here ISLANDS OF THE SEA phasis has been placed, and an over 50 women with their fam- unduly large proportion of the ilies assemble to improve their Lieutenant Lends a Hand funds spent, upon educational talents. Another valuable ad- and medical work, and that the junct is the Girls' School, which Dr. Frank C. Laubach, a mis- evangelization effort has been must be held in the open air for sionary of the American Board, allowed to suffer and they are lac~ of a building. Last year 95 is finding the demand for liter- desirous of carrying out a more per cent of the maintenance ature among the Moros so great vigorous evangelistic campaign. fund was subscribed by natives that the printing pTess cannot Efforts have been made to who have very meager re- keep up with it. Lieutenant bring about a reconciliation and sources. Carleton, of the United States to retain these people within the -The Missionary Review of Army, was visiting Lanao not Methodist Church, but without Australasia.

long .ago and became deeply in- success. They have now defi- What Joni Did terested in watching Dr. Laubach nitely cut themselves adrift, teach the Moros to read by his converted a house into a place Joni Uluibau was born at special new method. Lieutenant of worship, and appointed an- Matuka in the Lau group of the Carleton saw the missionaries other pastor, while Mr. Bairagi Fiji Islands, was trained in a trying to make enough of the has opened a secondary school. mission school, and at the age of large charts to serve the de- Regular Sunday services and a 21 went with a pioneer mission

party to Bougainville in the Sol- Contributions for Protestant and Australasia. No report was omon Islands. After six years Missions received from Russia. Africa and Central America show slight of fruitful service he recently In America, including Cana- losses. The figures from Asia, returned to Fiji on his first fur- da, contributions to the cause of in view of disturbed political lough, hoping to go back with a foreign missions during 1929 in- conditions, are peculiarly grati- fying. In China the churches wife to teach girls to sew, cook creased considerably, but the are substantially holding their and clean. Much of the progress continental contributions fell off. own; from India almost every In Germany, Sweden, Switzer- district reports advance. made in that part of the Solomons has been due to his effort land, France and Finland there Three World Conferences was an increase, but not large and influence. He has trans- Three great world conferlated enough hymns and pas- enough to equalize the decrease ences have come to be associated sages of Scripture to make the in Belgium, Denmark and Hol- with the official life of the churches: Stockholm. Lausanne, first book in the Teop tongue. land. America contributes 55.5 Jerusalem. The three move- The Sydney Daily Telegraph, per cent, England 22.04 per cent, ments are of universal reach and definite significance. The after Joni had stopped in that and the Continent 9.3 per cent of first represents a developing city on his way home, told his the total gifts recorded. Sums world-federation of churches on the basis of a common "life and story under the title "What Joni contributed in 1929 were as fol- work," with special attention to Did as a Christian." lows: the social application of Christ's teachings; the second, an ap- Smiling and fuzzy-headed, with America ……………• $28,525,939 proach by way of theological dis- cussion to the possible organic dark brown eyes, and over six feet Great Britain ……….. 11,172,525 unity of thought in Christen- dom; the third, an organization high, Joni Uluibau is a living example South America.. . . .. …. 3,700,184 devoted to the world missionary problem and composed of the of the work that Christian missions Germany …..•……… 1,448,517 missionary societies of the West, together with the new churches have accomplished in the South Seas. Australia …………… 1,390,292 in the East.

The simple pride of J oni in his life- Sweden …………..•.. 1,247,745 Plans are under way for the next World Conference in 1935 work; his calm native dignity; his South Africa ……….. . 681,275 after the order of Stockholm, but probably to be held in Lonfriendliness; his patience as he Denmark …………… 528,472 don. A program committee under the leadership of Dr. Wilwrestles with the intricacies of Eng- Norway ..•..•………. 481,328 liam Adams Brown suggests as general themes for consideralish, make a picture that impresses Holland ……………. 473,958 tion: itself forcibly upon the mind. New Zealand ..•……. . . 471,782 1. A survey of the more important developments in the field of Christian "I go there first when quite young," Switzerllmd …………. 292,890 life and work which have taken place since the last conference, together said J oni, "and they are dirty. They France ……..•…..•.. 155,935 with an analysis of the problems and tasks which grew out of them. do not know. Oh, how dirty. The Finland ………….•.. 118,235 2. A consideration of ways in pigs are everywhere, the houses fall Belgium •…………•.. 4,633 which the churches may cooperate down. more effectively for the purpose of realizing the aims set forth in the "I say, in Fiji we keep the pigs in a Total …•..•…….. $50,693,710 Stockholm Message of 1925. fence. It is cleaner. Get rid of the pigs. , 3. A further exploration of the Baptist World Strength basic convictions and experiences "At first they laugh at me, but I which motivate and inspire Christian The Baptist World Alliance service, both in its individual and sotalk and talk. The chiefs listen; they reports December 31, 1931, the cial aspects, with a view to: following world totals (excludsay, 'Perhaps J oni's way is right.''' ing Russia) : (a) Deepening the religious life of the members of our churches, J oni alone tamed those savages, re- Church Sunday Members School (b) Clarifying their understanding built their houses, built pig-sties, and EUrope ……… 662,410 629,332 of the moral issues which con- Asia ……….. 389,575 169,587 front the Church and the world today two sons of Teop headhunters Africa . . . . . . . . . . 85,182 32,893 today, and America: are learning to. be teachers. North …….. 9,402,007 5,536,938 (c) Promoting a spirit of self- Central and sacrifice and consecration in MISCELLANEOUS NEWS West Indies … 70,020 59,599 facing them. South …….. 42,643 39,719 Mathematics in Religion Australia and New Zealand .. 37,378 48,962 Logically-minded folk will be interested in Margaret Seebach's Total ….. 10,689,215 6,517,030 "Equations of the World's Religions." The most encouraging feature of the report is that the totals Every religion has in it some great of Sunday School pupils show truth, some fine quality; but all except an advance in every continent. one have some deficiency. We may in- The largest numerical increase dicate them by minus and plus signs, is in North America and the and the answer to the equation gives largest proportionate increase in the result in character. Only one South America. Church memshows the plus sign. bership shows an advance of ap- proximately 80,000, of which the Islam=zeal for God-love for man larger part is in North America, =Intolerance. though there is also advance in Europe, Asia, South America Confucianism = morality-compassion=Coldness.

Hinduism=search for God-service to man=Selfishness.

Buddhism=resignation-aspiration =Pessimism.

Animism=belief in the unseentrust=Superstition.

Christianity=love to God+love to man=Service.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information Karl Barth-Prophet of a New Chris- we must find a more sympathet- hand his intellectualism and lib- tianity. By Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. ic interpreter. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. eral traditions make it difficult Barth's position on certain Karl Barth at the age of for- points is too cloudy and uncer- to dissociate himself completely ty-five is beyond doubt the most tain to permit his being numchallenging figure in contempo- bered among conservative theo- from certain assumptions of the rary theology. He has been for logians; but on most of the great more than a decade the center of essentials of Christianity his critical school: on the other his a remarkable religious move- testimony seems to have the ment in Germany and recently ring of true conviction. It is candid inquiry has brought him his dynamic personality and Barth~s evangelical outlook to teaching have seized the atten- which Professor Pauck objects. face to face with the tremendous tion of religious leaders through- Here are a few of his comments : out the world. Unfortunately, realities of Christ and the Scripfew of his writings have thus "Barth's limitations are twofar been made available to Eng- fold. He speaks too bluntly in tures. The latter influence, we lish readers and this volume, supernatural terms. . . . The characterized by the publishers other limitation of his thought is should say, is clearly in the asas a "penetrating analysis," will closely connected with this: it is awaken the keen anticipation of his staunch Biblicalism. . . . He cendant. H. R. M. a wide circle. Analysis is hard- finally even declares that the ly the proper term, however, to Virgin Birth is a necessary part Seeing South America. By John T. describe the method of this au- of the creed of the Christian Faris. 223 pp. $2.50. Revell. New thor; the book is actually a criti- Church…. Barth believes that York. 1931. cism of the so-called Barthian the only possible way of thinkteaching. The sub-title is also ing about God is the way taken It used to be quite the thing misleading, since Barth is by no by the men of the Bible." He to make a swing around South means the "Prophet of aNew sums up his opinion of Barth in America and write a book about Christianity." As this volume this language : "We cannot one's trip. Dr. Faris is the only abundantly proves, his funda- avoid the conclusion that he is one we know who has done it remental appeal is to the Christi- guilty of a strange self-decep- cently. In setting down the anity of the first century. tion when he insists on pointing usual information desired by to the immediate revelation of tourists, he has fortunately done Those who have read Barth's God which is concealed in the it in a sympathetic way, not in "The Word of God and the Word biblical testimony on Jesus the old critical spirit, which of Man," recently translated by Christ. He operates with a con- showed disgust with our south- Douglas Horton, will at once ception of revelation which is ern neighbors because they did sense the unbalanced character antiquated, outlived, unreal. It not have as many bath tubs and of some of these chapters; but is the old supernaturalism, the fast express trains as we in the they will, nevertheless, find an old belief in the miraculous inarresting psychological study in tervention of an otherwise North. the 'effort of an avowedly liberal worldly, superhuman, anthropo- The traveler who wishes to theologian to deal fairly with the morphic God, which haunts positions of another brilliant him." It is clear, of course, that know a little South American leader holding contrary views. Pauck is incapable of compre- history, a few statistics, some Much of the discussion moves in hending how a brilliant theologi- geography and a few sayings of the realm of a terminology an, so thoroughly informed on important people will find this which only those versed in the the whole history of criticism as volume of interest as a guide intricacies of speculative theol- Barth, could hold to a belief in book. But frankness compels ogy would be able to follow. As the supernatural. one to express wonder at the aulight takes on the hues of the thor's failure to check historical medium through which it passes, The reader of this book will statements, one of which, for exso it is evident, if we are to real- hardly escape the impression ample, incorrectly refers to the ly know and understand Barth, outstanding Argentine patriot, that with Barth an internal con- San Martin, as follows: "In flict is in progress. On the one Peru, Jose de San Martin heard of the efforts made by the patri- [189] ots to the South, and he made up his mind to go to their as- sistance!" As to travel, the statement is made: "Even if you have but a month at your dis- posal this is sufficient to make the enticing sail to Rio de Ja- neiro, Montevideo and Buenos

Aires." Just how is this to be of one writer. While we cannot the West have confined our ataccomplished, if one is to get agree with the writer of the in- tention largely to the spread of back home, since more than six troduction that "it is the most Christianity in the Roman Emweeks are required for a round valuable and comprehensive pire and in Europe, and have trip from New York to Buenos work on religious liberty in the gained no adequate conception Aires? last hundred years", neverthe- of the progress of the Gospel less it has excellent and extend- eastward, nor of the vast Nes- The absence of any discussion ed treatments of such widely di- torian Church which by the of the political, social, education- vergent topics as Apostles of eighth century stretched from al or religious questions, which Religious Freedom, Juridical Baghdad to Peking and as far are so important to any visitor and Moral Problems of Religious south as Ceylon. Dr. Stewart to South America today, tends to Freedom, a comparison of Bud- has made it possible for us to fill a lack of flavor and human in- dhism and Christianity, An An- in part this gap in our knowlterest. alysis of the work of St. Francis edge, and to feel something of of Assisi, Constitutional Studies the original warmth and enthu- The list of reference books is regarding the Position of the curious, for out of thirty lines Vatican, and a defense of the siasm of the missionary passion given to this list over half the Jews Against Persecution. of this ancient church. He says: lines are given to Darwin's "Voy,age of the Beagle," which A supplement of 200 pages From hundreds of monasteries all is out of print. The well known contains some 35 articles on over Persia and in central and eastern volume "EI Supremo" is put various phases of religious lib- Asia, there poured forth a constant down as referring to Uruguay erty by such outstanding author- stream of ascetics, men and women, instead of Paraguay. No book ities as Cavour, Louis Marshall who had completed their three years' on either Brazil or Argentina is and William H. Taft. Papers in probationary trainIng and now went mentioned and none by a Latin connection with the One Hun- forth in obedience to our Lord's com- American author. dred and Fiftieth anniversary of mand, seeking to carry the Gospel to the Constitutional Establish- the end of the earth or to found new What might have been a help- ment of Religious Liberty in the monasteries which in turn would be ful up-to-date travel book has United States give a splendid ac- training schools for future generations been limited in usefulness by a count of the early debates on the of devotees. Some of them became too hasty preparation. relations between Church and "solitaries" or "anchorites," giving State and the way this question themselves over mostly to prayer and S.G.r. has been gradually worked out intercession. . . . Others taking in this country. The relation of thetr lives in their hands went forth, God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- the League of Nations to Reli- not knowing whither they went, but tion between Church and State. gious Liberty is also discussed. content to follow where God might By Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. lead . . . supporting themselves New York. 1931. Dr. Luzzatti (1841-1927) was by the labor of their hands Dr subsist- an Italian Jew, whose studies led ing on roots and fruits or on the grass Luigi Luzzatti was one of the him into the closest sympathy of the field. They counted no trouble chief citizens of Italy during the with Christianity and gave him too great, no hardship too severe, as last half century. The one great a great advantage as a neutral long as they might share in the cause to which he devoted his su- student. His admiration for St. spreading abroad of the message of perior talents as a scholar and Francis is significant of his full salvation for all mankind. statesman may be epitomized in broad culture and noble soul. this principle: all human prog- They penetrated into almost ress and happiness are derived S.G.r. every part of Asia and were able from liberty of thought and con- to make converts and found science. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise-A Church on Fire. By John Stewart. churches and establish bishop- This volume contains much in- Map. 323 pp. Rs. 4. Christian Lit- ries everywhere they went. teresting material never before erature Society. Madras. 1931. pub lis h e d. Included in its The author uses freely the resketches of champions of reli- Many years as a missionary cently published studies of Dr. gious liberty are distinguished of the United Free Church of Mingana of Manchester and the representatives of the cause be- Scotland in South India, brought other principal sources. In his longing to India, Persia, China, the author of this volume into effort to give the reader all the Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and contact with the Syrian Christhe early Church Fathers as well tians. He became interested in known facts he has made some as its great exponents in Euro- the history of the great "Church of his pages rather heavy, and pean and American his tor y. of the East" (the Nestorian one wishes that much of this ma- Adequate treatment is also given Church) of which they are a terial might have been included to the movements for the separa- branch, and in this interesting in appendices. In many places, tion of State and Church in our volume he has made available however, the story is told in a own day in France, Scotland, for English readers the results very interesting fashion. There Wales, and other lands. of his studies. Most of us who are several inaccuracies in de- have studied church history in tails, such as, the statement that This is a kind of encyclopedia the tomb of Esther is in Tabriz, on the subject of religious free- and that the medical school of dom, except that it is the opinion Gondisapor was in the Punjab (it is in Persia). One is inclined to feel that, in his enthusiasm for the glorious past of the

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Church of the East, Dr. Stewart that flow out to the mind of to- secular instruction is whether it has painted the picture of its is right to use missionary money character and achievements in day. Perhaps, therefore, there too vivid colors. But though the and Christian workers merely to Christians of Central Asia may are phases of thought and exnot have been as numerous or as teach arithmetic, geography, hisloyal as some of the records rep- pression which will be transi- tory, and similar subjects. It is resent them, still the fact re- true that the early church spent mains that the Nestorian Church tory. Perhaps there are some its time who II y in Christian was able to do what modern mis- preaching and teaching, wit h sions have not yet accomplished, enduring values and permanent some healing work. It is open to namely, to establish a living, question, however, whether misself-propagating church in al- notes lost for the time in the new sion work, if confined strictly to most every part of Asia. this apostolic method would pro- emphasis. How could it be oth- duce the per man e n t results The almost complete disap- sought in our complex modern pearance of this Church from erwise? But it would be hard to world. As a rule the Gospel of Asia some five hundred years Christ functions more effectiveago was due chiefly to persecu- find more glorious love of Christ ly in a cultured mind than in an tion, compromise with other re- ignorant one. ligions, and the Mongol invasion. or clearer recognition of His Dr. Stewart might have added It is generally conceded in the ignorance and corruption of glory and grace, His uniqueness missionary circles that Christian the clergy, as pictured in "Wil- evangelism should be the central liam Rubruck's Journey to Tar- and His sufficiency, His "alone- factor in all work on mission tary," and to the vast distances fields-whether through preachseparating the churches of the ness," His "absolute value." Dr. ing, class room activities, medi- Far East from their headquar- cal service, industrial work, or in ters in Mesopotamia. Buttrick knows that the Gospel the preparation of literature.

Two important f act s are is not a human aspiration or in- Missionaries deal not merely brought out in Dr. Stewart's with the ears of man but with book: (1) Many of the elements vention but "an eternal Gospel, their entire personalities. One in the non-Christian religions hundred years ago it was generwhich seem to resemble Chris- from everlasting to everlasting ally considered sufficient to protian ideas are really derived claim the good news of Christ; from Christianity, and can, in the overture of God to men in today we see how important it many instances, be traced back is to prepare the way for the to the time when the Nestorian Christ Jesus." "Jesus came Gospel and to train Christians Church was influential in India to assume responsibility of and the East. (2) When Chris- preaching." Dr. Buttrick sees leadership. The full message of tianity effected a compromise Christ must be applied in the with other religions in India and that the mission of the preacher classroom, the dispensary, the China, it ceased to be mission- today is to preach Jesus Christ, work shop, in social life, and in ary, and soon disappeared. The the home as well as in the fate of the Church of the East is and that no one will ever exhaust Church. a warning to all missionaries to lay a true foundation which this message or be able to do J.F. R. nothin!!, can overthrow. more than make a new attempt "Yes, But-" The Bankruptcy of W.M.M. Apologetics. By Willard L. Sperry. to open the riches of the glory Harper & Bros. New York. 185 Jesus Came Preaching. By George A. pp. $2.00. Buttrick. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. of Christ to men. The lectures Scribners. New York. 1931. The title of the book is a clever are a fresh and sincere and able phrase coined by Johann Semler Those who heard the "Yale of Halle, who lived at the begin- Lectures on Preaching" for 1931 effort to set forth anew and for ning of the era of destructive and had heard many other lec- criticism of the G 0 s pel s. He tures in this famous series our time and especially for the feared the consequences for his thought that no lecturer had own faith. His type of mind permade a deeper impression than preachers in our time, the glory sists, and this book itself raises Dr. Buttrick since Sylvester questions but does not answer Horne. Dr. Buttrick, in trying of God as it shone in the face of them. The contents deal with reto speak to the mind of this day, ligion, theology, and truth, all of uses the vocabulary, the fashion Jesus Christ. R. E. S. which are considered as standof speech, the approach, the ing at the cross-roads. The auforms of statement and appeal Education and the Missionary Task. thor, who is Dean of the Theo- By a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. logical School at Harvard Uni- 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- don. 1931.

This address, delivered at an annual conference in England, takes the position that we must get back to more direct evangel- ism in all missionary work. This is a world-wide issue and repre- sents a resurgence of feeling in some sections of the Church. Again and again evangelism has been stressed as the only way to win non-Christians to disciple- ship, and the only justification for soliciting funds for the sup- port of the work. Probably there would be a general agreement among the missionary-minded in putting evangelism first and, no doubt, it should be emphasized more than it has been. Mission- aries are sent forth to win dis- ciples to Christ by preaching the Gospel, and to build up a body of believers by gathering them into Christian churches.

The question raised regarding

versity, asks such questions as, the mingling with Hebrew re- tions, games, verses, stories and whence liberalism? whither lib- ligion of foreign s t rea m s of adventures offered in this ateralism? and what is the place thought, and especially of the tractive volume. The voyagers of Jesus in His own religion? speculations which had come in travel to Africa, India, the Med- The book contains frank and from Persia. It was due still iterranean I and s, Japan and courageous criticism, but its ten- more to the unfolding of great China, seeing strange sights, dency is against super-human ideas which had always been im- hearing new sounds, and becomreligion. The least satisfactory plicit in Hebrew religion itself." ing acquainted with children of chapter is the one dealing with The second part of the book, other races. The stories and the place of Jesus in Christian- d e a lin g specifically with the poems have no Christian tone or ity. e. g.: teaching of Jesus regarding the message. They have little mean- "Browning say s somewhere Kingdom, contains much that is ing and apparently no purpose that the acknowledgment of God excellent. Finally, the author except to amuse and awaken a in Christ solves for us all ques- traces the later development of sense of fellowship with children tions in the universe. That is a the kingdom and its mission in of other races. gross overstatement of the fact. the establishment of the church The acknowledgment of God in and the proclamation of a world- Escape. By Francesco Fausto Nitti. Christ may encourage us to place wide message. 8 vo. 267 pp. $2.50. Putnam. a particular interpretation upon S. M. Z. New York. 1931.

many of the processes of nature Charles Lewis Slattery. By Howard Opinions differ about Premier and history, but it simply does Chandler Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Mussolini. To some he is almost not answer countless questions Harpers. New York. 1931. a God; to others he is a demon. that the human mind must ask Francesco Fausto Nitti, the son and for which it must try to find As rector of Grace Protestant of a Methodist clergyman and an answer. I write down this the nephew of a former premier reversed doctrine of the divinity Episcopal Church, New York, of Italy, shares the latter opinof Christ, that God must be at ion. He entered the World War least as good as Jesus is, as too Bishop Slattery made a pro- when only fifteen. Later he bepatently apologetic and too com- came an ardent advocate of deplacently indifferent to the hon- found impression upon the re- mocracy and liberty. He was a est brain work of the world to be bank employee and student and of any permanent help." ligious life of that great city, was opposed to Mussolini's auto- cratic dictatorship and the forci- S. M.Z. and when Bishop Lawrence re- ble suppression of all opponents. He was not in politics but was The KingdOm of God in the New Tes- tired as Bishop of the Diocese of arrested and sentenced without tament. By Ernest F. Scott, D. D. hearing, trial or conviction to 197 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New Massachusetts, Dr. Slattery was five years confinement in one of York. the many prison islands. After chosen as his successor. In this suffering many trials, indigni- This scholarly volume has only ties and inj ustices he, and two indirect bearing on the mission- wide field he showed gifts of companions, escaped from Liary enterprise. Its chief aim is pari, Italy'S "Devil's Island," to determine how Jesus con- leadership and qualities of and made their way to Paris. ceived of the Kingdom of God. The story of the experiences and The author, professor of New Christian character that won the the audacious flight for freedom Testament C r i tic ism in the is thrilling. The picture given Union Theological Seminary, ap- respect and affection of people of Mussolini and the reign of proaches the subject from the terror under his regime is that standpoint of liberal Christian- of all religious beliefs. He pub- of a ruthless machine that mows ity. He says, "Thus from the down all that opposes its progidea of J ahve as King of Israel lished more than a score of ress. Evidently there is no libarose that of the one God, who erty in Italy for those who are reigns over all nations and who books in the field of religion and not Fascisti. Mussolini is a powmade and governs the universe." erful autocrat who is determined He traces the historical back- biography, was fo:: many years to make Italy a powerful nation, ground of the conception of the but he rules by fear and force kingdom; emphasizes the influ- Chairman of the Church Conence on Jewish thought of Persian mythology and Rabbinical gress in the United States, Chairman of the Commission on the Revision of the Book of Com- mon Prayer, an Overseer of Harvard College, and a Trustee of Boston University, Andover, and Wellesley College.

Dr. Robbins has done much more than describe the external facts of Bishop Slattery's life.

His picture is that of a man with a genius for friendship, a devo- tion to his daily tasks, and an unaffected joyousness in living.

This kind of biography enriches the mental and spiritual life of the reader. A. J. B.

apocalyptic. Drawing the conclu- The Treasure Ship Sails East. IlIus. and not by love and justice. sion that "Jesus, then, fell heir 8 vo. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. Many of the strongest, most into a conception which had passed New York. 1931. telligent, noblest Italians have through a long development in Boys and girls love adventure. been mercilessly imprisoned, the religion of Israel. . . . This Primary children will be at- banished or killed. The Fascisti development was partly due to tracted by the colorful illustra- need the Gospel of Christ.

Books Negroes of Afric:a–:.History and Cul-

ture. Maurice Delafasse. 313 pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers. Wash- Announcins I New Ind ~ to the FuIl.· Striking addresses ington. 1931. ThorouShly Reviled Edition of by John McNeill. 208 pp. 28., 6d. The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. The Progress of Pickering "Inglis. London. 1931. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 84 The Centennial of the Western For- pp. 28., 6d. Oxford University eign Missionary Society. Edited by Press. London. 1931. World -Wide Missions James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Commit- Streams in the Desert. Mrs. Chas. E. tee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. Pitts- Cowman. 378 pp. $1.50. Oriental B, Ihe burgh. 1931. . Missionary Society. Los Angeles. Schoolgirls Together. Mrs. E. Weller. Rev. Robert HIli Glovw, M. D., F.R.G.S. Calendar-Jewish and Christian. The 18. China Inland Mission. Lon- Late S. B. Rohold. 110 pp. 40 don. 1931. Ho.e DIrector, Chlnelalencl MI…on cents. Mt. Carmel Bible School. A _preh..llye hlltory ad ….._ book Ihlt mould be In Ihe IIbr.., 01 "'err one Inl. . .eeI In .1…0…. A ……… ad • Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Marshall clllllle wrlllen b, • r..1.1"'0…, ……… Haifa. 1931. Curing the Inc u r a b I e. Winifred Bromhall. 167 pp. 28., 6d. China "For yed" there hdS been. growlns de…nd Combes. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1931. for such d mlulon.ry text-book IS this. It Is an sionary Society. London. 1931. Under Seven Congo Kings. R. H. Indlspenwble work for dll deslrlns concl.c In- Carson Graham. 293 pp. 68. Carey formation on every PMse of mllSiolllry en- Chief Among the Brethren. Compiled Press. London. delYOr. It "/IRS true to the Gospel Mawsc," by H. Pickering. 223 pp. 38., 6d. -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES Pickering & Inglis. London. 1981. A Way of Escape. Raymond B. Fos- With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, Samuel Crowther of Nigeria. Jesse dick. 15 pp. Princeton University Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 Press. Prineeton. 1931. Page. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & RlY Long a Rlchlrd R. Smlth~ Inc. Inglis. London. 1931. Year Book of Miseions. 68 pp. 35c. The Christian Mission in Rural India. American Board of Commissioners 12 Eest 4hl Street. NC1II! YotIc Kenyon L. Butterfield. 160 pp. In- for Foreign Missions. Boston. 1931. ternational Missionary Council. New Persona' Items York. 1931. Annual Report of the Panjab Mission, Clever Country. Caroline Gardner. 158 1930-S1. Wesleyan Mission Press. Myscire. 1931.

pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. (Continued from Bd C01JM') 1931. Fanny Crosby. John Hawthorne. 64 pp. 18. Pickering" Inglis. Lon- Obituary Notes The Rev. James L. Kennedy, a mis- don. 1931. sionary of the Methodist Episcopal From Genesis to Revelation. S. Ridout. Mrs. J. J. Lucas, of India, for over Church, South, has rounded out a h81f . 261 pp. 28., 6d. Pickering" In- sixty years a missionary of the Amer- century of service in Brazil. His ican Presbyterian Church in India, range of activities includes that of glis. LondDn. 1931. died at the home of her son, Dr. E. J. evangelist, pastor, treasurer, schoo] His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in Lucas, in Lahore, on December 4th. president and author of A History of Her husband, Dr. J. J. Lucas, who Methodism in Brazil (in Portuguese). Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 survives, has had a similar long term pp. Art cover, 25 cents; gift edi- of service in India. Mrs. Lucas was … … … , tion, 40 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- born in Vermont and in India served eago. 1931. successively in Mainpuri, Fatehgar, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, who for How to Master the Bible. Martin Saharanpur and Allahabad. Since the past two years has served as coun- Anstey. 204 pp. 28., 6d. Picker- 1923, when they resigned after fifty selor on rural work for the inter- ing & Inglis. London. 1981. years of active service, Dr. and Mrs. national Missionary Council, and in Knowing the Bible. Raymond C. Knox. Lucas have lived in Landour, North that capacity has visij;ed India, China, 277 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New India. Among their children, who call Korea and the Philippine Islands, has York. 1931. them blessed, are Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, been appointed for another year to .Missions in the Bible. J. B. Lawrence. of California; Mrs. Frances Hender- lecture and write. He plans to con- 186 pp. 75 cents, cloth; 50 eents, son of Ohio State University, and sult with mission boards regarding the paper. Southern Baptist Conven- Dr. Edmund D. Lucas, President of strengthening of rural work in mis- tion. Atlanta. 1932. Forman Christian College, Lahore. The Rural Mission of the Church in On her eightieth birthday Mrs. Lucas sion lands. … … … Eastern Asia. Kenyon L. Butter- took her first ride in an airplane at Beld. 222 pp. International Mission- Allahabad. The Rev. James W. Hawkes, on ary Council. New York. 1931. November 1, 1931, completed 50 years World Clock. A colored chart. Thomas of missionary service in Persia. He T. Smith. 25 cents each; $15 per is an outstanding scholar of Persian, 100. Thos. T. Smith. Marion, Ind. William Knowles Cooper, for twen- having assisted in a revision of the Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands. ty years (1909-1929) the General Sec- Persian Bible, and is the author of a E. R. Pitman. 191 pp. 28. Pick- retary of the Y. M. C. A. in Wash- new Persian Bible Dictionary. ering & Inglis. London. 1931. ington, D. C., died at his home there … … … To Mother: Memory Blossoms. Caro- on January 19th at the age of sixty- four. Mr. Cooper was born in Phila- The Rev. Jesse M. Bader, D. D., is lyn Nicholson Payson. 48 pp. $1. delphia in 1867 and was at different the new Field Secretary for Evange- Wheelock Pub. Co. Boston. 1931. times secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Marches of the North. E. Alexander in Brooklyn, New York and in Spring- lism in the Federal Council of Powell. Illus. 311 pp. $4. Cen- Beld, Mass. He rendered valuable Churches. Dr. Bader's interest in tUry. New York. 1931. service on the Laymen's Council of evangelism has taken him to most of Missions Matching the Hour. Stephen Congregational Churches, with the the English-speaking world, including J. Corey. 184 pp. Cokesbury Press. Boy Scouts of America, the Federal Nashville. 1931. Council of Churches and other Chris- Great Britain, New Zealand and Aus- New Life Through God. Toyohiko tian organizations. tralia.· Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. … … … New York. 1931. Dr. W. T. Anderson, a veteran mis- Paterson of Hebron. W. Ewing. Illus. sionary of the United Presbyterian' The Rev. William S. Beard retired 2056 pp. 88., 6d. James Clarke " Mission in India, died January 21st February 1st as executive secretary at Sialkot, India. Mr. Anderson was of the Commission on Missions of o. London. preparing to return to America when the Congregational and Christian 'Jlae Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broad- he was called "home." Churches. In the last twelve years Mr. Beard has directed campaigns !urst. 406 pp. 78., 6d. Pickering which have collected large sums for ur; Inglis. London. 1931. foreign missions.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1931

WOMEN A'f CHRISTIAN WORSHIP IN THE CENTRAL

(, ILVER BAY .~, Sliver Bay-on-Lake G_rge, N. Y.

LET YOUR GIFT AUGUST 1 ST TO 14TH to Foreign Missions Combine. ABUNDANT RECR'EATION with Informative Lecture. – Group Discu••lon. and PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Delightful Entertainment You can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself Guest Sp.ak….. and Ani….

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156 Fifth Avenue. New York READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: Theodor N5ldeke and Eduard Sachau …… Duncan B. Macdonald A Persian Apostle: Benjamin Badal ……. ' ,J. Christy Wilson The Fear of God in the Koran ,Frank Hugh Foster The Pre-Ottoman Conquest of Asia-Minor. , . ,Lee Vrooman Luther's Attitude Toward Islam , ,Gottfried Simon The Chams of French Indo-China, (with map) America in the Cairo Press , ,A. C. Hanna Can a Moslem Translate the Koran? ,E. E. Elder ,W. G. Shellabear ··<lI,===SUBSCRIBE TODAY===~·· Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, 50c.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings. London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings, net PleasE' mflntJon THE MrSS]ONARY. REVlEW OP THE 'YORLD in writ1ng to advertisprs. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS MARTHA BERRY, Director of the Berry School for Mountain Children, at HELAYAN L. I'JEnSON, Rditor Mt. Berry, Ga., received the medal of honor from the Town Hall Club for CONTENTS-July, 1931 "achieving an accomplishment of lasting merit." Seven thousand children have al- Puye ready been graduated from the school and there are now 2,000 on the waiting THE HTIW(HlLI,] OF KOlUJAN CJlRIS- list to enter.

'l'IA.NR . . . . . . . . . . . . IIRIWEUT E . .BLAIR 4~5 ** .A. FOltVARD BTliJP IN BHAZIL …… . DR, W. J. MCGLOTHLIN was reelected • • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. C. r.L'll(~l{J):lU. 4V2 president of the Southern Baptist Con- vention at its recent meeting in Birming- CAN TilE POOl( IlIC ClIHISTIANS'1 ," ham, Ala. •• " . " . , . " " . , . "PAUL W, IlARltISON -iU3 *** TOHIIlIKO KAGAWA-J AI' AN]j] S ill DR. G. L. KIEFFER has recently been AI'OWI'LB TO '!'IlE l'O()]t ""', .. , .. appointed to Dr. Henry K. Carroll's posi- " " " " " " " " " " "I!. W. MEYERS 501 tion as statistician for the churches of America. A NtlW AIJygN'rUIUO WITH CHRIST •..••••••.••••••••• PAUL J. BU.USTED 507 ** STltAW:'; IX 'rUE MU,SIONAltY WIND MISS BLANCHE NICHOLA, former dean · . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS ,T, ELDER 50!) of Berea College, has been elected direc- tor of specific work for the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian .A "SCHOUI~ Ob' fl'I[J;] lIItOI'UliJT:5" IN Church, U. S. A., succeeding Miss M• Nl!~W ZliJALAND .. . ……..•. 513 Josephine Petrie, retired. For many years Miss Nichola has been engaged in SHALL CHltIS'l'IANS LWl' 'l'lIE JICWS missionary work among industrial and ALONE'~ EIliTOHU.L . ' [jl(j foreign-speaking groups.

A NOTABLE ImIHU<JW CHRISTIAN- PRESIDENT W . * * W:HI< ITE, of the Bib- Tj[~J STOltY O~' SABE'l'I ll, ItOllOLll W .

· . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . V. il. CHUTSTIFJ 510 lical Seminary in New York, celebrated TOl'ICS OF TIlE TIMFJS •…. ' 1122 in April the 30th anniversary of the '''Pht) Nurm3 oj ~1li88'io'1t8'J founding of his institution.

Colll'!}c GORpd ']'eams ttl" Asia REV. JOHN R. *SCO*TFO*RD is the newly j)('[JctHlcilt Independent M18,5!'iOUS elected editorial secretary of the Com- [.r.i tile BHjlc Out oj Date? mission of Missions of the Congrega- ~m'rIiODS FOn WORKERS . . . . . . . . . • . tional National Council. Part of his . . • . . EDITED BY MRS. lJ'. I. .JOHNSUN 526 work is to carryon the associate editor- W(HIAI'S HOME AND FOIttJIGN llUL- ship of the American Missionary num- LETIK ……….. , ..•…•………. 5R2 bers of the Congregationalist.

WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•..•• U38 MISS NOltI SHI*MOM* UR*A, an American- IlOOKS WOIt'l'lI RI~ADING •..•…..••• 554 born Japanese girl from Portland, has been adjudged by a faculty committee at 'L'EHMS.-$2,50 a year, ($2.00 in clubs uf Oregon State College (4,000 students) "to approach most nearly an ideal of infive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tellect and spirituality, and to have ex- 25 cents. Published. monthly. Copyrighted, erted the most Wholesome influence upon 1931, by lIrssION ..t,.RY REVIEW IJUBI.ISIIlNG COM- her associates." Miss Shimomura has been active in campus Christian circles. PANY, INC. All rigbts reserved. MRS. F. 1. JOHN*SO*N, E*ditor of the Best 'I'lIE MISSIONARY REVIBW PUBLISHING Methods Department, when in Siam last COMPANY, INC. March, had an audience in Bangkok with ROBERT E. SPEER, President Prince Damrong, chief adviser of King 'VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Prajadhipok. Mrs. Johnson is now on her way back to America. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VAI~TER .McDOUGALl" Treasurer * * >1= Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, DR. ERIC M. NORTH, Secretary of the American Bible Society, recently re- Pa. 25c a COllY. $2,50 Ii year. turned from Great Britain where he has EditorIal and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, been on business relating to the distribu- New York City tion of the Scriptures in other lands.

Entered fiS Second-clnss matter at the Post *** Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March MR. JOHN L. GOHEEN, principal of the a, 1879. Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western In- dia Mission, has been made an adviser of the Native State of Ichalkaranji. In EMPRESS" this capacity Mr. Goheen is to exercise general supervision over all departments Largest and Fastest of state; principally public works, education registration, municipality, medi- OD the Paeilie . .. ,,'a cine, Ichalkaranji Bank and Cooperative Credit Societies. Honolulu or Speedway *** MISS KATHARINE TRISTRAM, at work in Japan under the C. M. S. for forty-two years, has been awarded the Blue Ribbon Distinguished Service Medal by the Emperor, in recognition of effort for the cause of education and social uplift.

DR. NORTHCOTE* D"ECK*, long a worker in the Solomon Islands, has accepted an invitation to join the Council of the China Inland Mission in Great Britain.

MR. BASIL MA"THE"WS*, recently one of Now, transatlantic the Secretaries of the World Y. M. C. A. at Geneva, and now attached to the per- sonal staff of Dr. John R. Mott of the International Missionary Council, has agreed to become Professor of Missions at Boston University for four months each year. Mr. Mathews' new work will be closely related to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Religious Education, and also to the Newton Theologi- cal Seminary. .,. .,. .,.

THE REV. J. HARRY CoTTON, D.D., pas- size and speed on the Pacific! The White EmpresB tor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, is to deliver Heet comprises the largest, fastest liners to the the Joseph Cook lectures in the Far East, September, 1931, to March, 1932. Orient. / Dr. Cotton is to lecture in Syria, Persia, India, Siam, China, Korea, and Japan. Two Empress routes! Via Honolulu, the huge Empress of Canada and the new 23-knot Em- press of Japan, 26,000 tons gross, 39,000 tons Christians from" other*lands who expect displacement, connecting at Honolulu, if you to attend conferences in America this sail from Los Angeles or San Francisco. Via Summer: the Speedway Express, direct to Yokohama, Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia. Both TOYOKIHO KAGAWA, the outstanding routes from Vancouver and Victoria.

Christian leader of Japan. Travelers in the Mission field will enjoy the JULIO NAVARRO-MoNZO, Latin Amer- neW' uEmpress" Cabin. Varied, tasty cuisine …

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LIV. No. 7 July

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS BY THE REV. HERBERT E. BLAIR, D.D., Taiku, Korea Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church j U. 8. A.

W HEN Japan annexed Korea Japan is proud of her great Prov- in 1910, she did away with ince of Chosen. She aspires to rule the political name of the the land better than America rules country, "Taikau," and officially the Philippines or Britain, India. named the province "Chosen,"-a Law making and enforcement are beautiful old name used by the peo- efficient. The courts are generally pIe themselves and meaning "morn- enlightened, if not always free ing calm." Missionaries, merchants from administrative dominance. In and writers still use the name Ko- spite of resurgent Korean patriotrea, the name so familiar to West- ism and resentment, expressed in ern peoples. occasional independence move- ments, Korea has been, de-facto, a The change of name is less im- part of the Japanese Empire now portant than the deeper changes for twenty years. that have come about since Japan annexed the country. The first of This political situation has afthese changes was political. Dis- fected the Christian movement in regarding questions of Japan's Korea profoundly. It has put a rights or Korea's deserts, there is new fibre into these characters. no question but that Japan has From a simple, rural, religious given a new, efficient, stimulating, community, feeding on Christian peace compelling administration. teachings alone, the Korean Church The Chosen administration is the has been tossed by surging tides of center of the Japanese imperial ad- political feeling. Patriotism and vance upon the Continent. The religion have been intimately asnew government is without the con- sociated at times and many have sent of the governed. Taxation is suffered imprisonment. The stress without representation and is very and strife have resulted in awakenheavy. The subject people have ing the Christian community to an only a minor, employed, participa- intelligent, liberty loving citizention in the less important official ship, which, if justly ruled, may bepositions. come a valuable element within the Japanese Empire, or, if oppressed, If Japan is to rule Korea at all, may eventually lead in some strugshe must keep a firm hand on the gle for national independence. The machinery of government. Peace advance has been from dependence must be preserved or Japan must upon paternalistic favor to a will go. The country must be advanced.

485

to win justice on the basis of law lion Koreans are, perhaps, prosand right. pering, eighteen millions are caught between higher standards Commercially the Japanese have of living and the breakdown of made Korea a new country. Trans- ancient trades and loss of lands. portation facilities center in the Eighty per cent of the Koreans, Government Railway which runs mostly farmers, are in hopeless up and twice across the Peninsula. poverty, and the galling conditions Government auto bus lines connect of changing life cause them great large stations with coast ports. distress. The upper ten per cent, Passenger and freight traffic has through usury, control of transbeen greatly extended. Banking portation, foreign commerce, and and commercial facilities and mod- the wholesale business, take a deadern public utilities have been de- ening toll from the helpless poor. veloped in a decade. Fine cities with modern buildings, water, Christian work in Korea is suflight and transportation are grow- fering because of financial difficuling up. Silk and cotton mills, to- ties. There are a few prosperous bacco factories, machine shops, and business men among Christians, esother new industries have come. pecially in the north. In Pyeng- The Japanese postal system is a yang some can even challenge Japmarvel. Daily papers, the moving anese business leadership. There is pictures and even the radio are be- one law for all, but those who join coming common. Western clothing, hands with Japanese business men medicine, machinery, books, ath- will naturally prosper, whereas letics-all are taking hold of Ko- Christians who keep the Sabbath, rea. The Japanese school system, do not use liquor nor share in no:J.- set to make all Korean children Christian business practices cannot loyal citizens of Japan, gives prom- take advantage of the present comise of great future blessing to the mercial system in Korea. With nation. The Japanese, through splendid exceptions, the newly government control and commer- prosperous tenth of Korea is almost cial enterprise, have brought in universally non-Christian, in fact most of this advancement and they non-religious. Integrity, industry and the Koreans who are close to and personal character will finally them have profited by their enter- win, but the great mass of Korean prise. But the nation is the real Christians, thus far, are farmers gainer. and financially they are at the mercy of a political, commercial Damaging Influences and agricultural control that is crushing them. With new life and Yet the picture is not all bright. ambition which Christian faith There are damaging influences alone gives men, they find their which intensify the degradation of limitations exasperating. The Kothe old pagan life. Narcotics, in- rean Church has been self-supportcreased liquor traffic, licensed pros- ing from the beginning. But today, titution, gambling on the rice except in the cities, poverty is so market, crushing taxation, and po- real in face of higher taxes and litical oppression tend to destroy living costs that pastors' and teachwhat was best in the old life. Larg- ers' salaries are not being paid, er incomes and higher standards of funds for church support are lackliving are for the rulers and those who cooperate with them. If a mil-

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ing, tuition fees for children are prosperous homes, schools and impossible, and the struggle for churches. food and clothing grows desperate. Hundreds give up hope of even The intellectual life of Korea has making a living off the "acre and a also undergone great changes. AIhalf" which they have on the aver- ways fundamentally Confucian with age been allowed to farm, and an added sympathetic Buddhistic either migrate to the cities or to mysticism, the Korean scholar China or Siberia. As a result down the ages has been a proud country churches weaken while Pharisee. As the churchmen of Lucity churches ilourish. ther's day lived in two languages, so the Korean scholars were mas- Christian cooperation is being ters of both Chinese and Korean. tried in many places. Agriculture The Koreans are a remarkably in- OLD TIME RELIGION IN CHOSEN-DEVIL POWl'S ON 'l'IlE HIGHWAY is being studied as never before. telligent, scholarly inclined race. The missions and the Y. M. C. A. The rulers were scholars; the farmare joining hands in taking agri- ers toiled and obeyed. Today the cultural information to the Chris- old Chinese classics are largely tian community as an emergency crowded out of the Japanese conmeasure, but as yet inadequate trolled schools. Instead of two funds limit this help. It is inter- languages, the young Korean scholesting to watch the Korea mission ar must be efficient in three lanforces, ever intent upon preaching guages. Instead of the old Conthe Gospel and the evangelistic fucian maxims committed as a rule training of the Christian commu- of life, a wild jumble of Western nity, turning their attention now to science, Japanese political ethics, the great question of helping that mathematics and vocational sub- Christian community escape de- jects are taught. The old Confucian stroying poverty so that a prosper- scholar is neglected and the modern ous people may be able to maintain school boy is quite a tyrant. West-

• STUDENTS AT CHAPEL SERVICE IN CHOSEN CHIUSTIAN COLLEGE, SEOUL ern books, newspapers, the movies inquirers. They want to know if and numerous magazines fill the Christianity can really solve their present-day mind of Korea with all problem when it commands them to the maze of Western world life and pray for the King, obey the powers thought. The old standards are that be, and turn the other cheek.

gone, except in old rural districts They do not see much hope for the where the classical tradition still great eighty per cent of the poor maintains. In the cities Japanese tenant farmers of Japan, China or law and Christian teachings are Korea ever attaining adequate liv- setting the new standards. Chris- ing conditions or political liberty tian men have a large influence in without a revolution.

some of the Korean newspapers Another factor tends to. under- and these papers are dictating the mine evangelical faith. Western new life. The movies are having a science is wide open before all the tremendous influence on the young students. The Government text- mind of Korea. American life as books are modern, for Japanese seen on the screen is setting a new scholars have gone to the extreme pace for the Orient. The young peo- in keeping up with Western think- ple of the Christian community are ing. Naturally agnostic from Con- not backward in these ideas. fucian influences, the Koreans have There is another intellectual a whole broadside of Spencerian stream pouring into Korea from agnosticism, materialistic mechan- the north. Political refugees flee ism, and anti-Christian propaganda to Siberia and these send and bring continually raining down about back Bolshevik ideas. There is them from Japanese sources.

doubtless an organized unity of ef- In the young Christian Church, fort uniting socialistic Japanese, these intellectual currents make Korean and Chinese with Russian life interesting for the plain old leaders who are only too eager to Korean pastors as they shepherd spread their communistic doctrines. their flocks. For example, Pastor The Korean jails are full of young Yum, of the Taiku West Church, Socialists at times, and among ·has about 1,500 adherents to his these some Christian students often organization. Most of them are are found. In our church work we poor and from the more ignorant occasionally meet youns- socialistic a~riculturallife of the community.

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

They have been Christian for well-educated generation of pastors years. They can read and know must immediately work in with their Bibles well. They are hard these older faithful servants of God working, honest, faithful Chris- or turmoil will arise. But just at tians of the older generation. But this time, when the church schools there is also a group in this large should be doing their best work in church composed of college gradu- furnishing ample younger leaders, ates, teachers in the schools of poverty within the church and Govhigher learning, doctors from the ernment regulations have almost hospitals, business men, several overthrown the mission schools. hundred students and the progres- For several years, Korea missionsive element of the younger Chris- aries have been crying out despertian community. Pastor Yum has ately for financial help for educathe impossible task of preaching tional work to meet this very crisis. regularly to this congregation com- The schools have not all been saved posed of these two distinct ele- yet, and the chief appeal from Koments, riding two horses at once. rea today is for money for equip- His training amply qualifies him to ment and buildings which will enminister to the larger, older body able the mission schools to receive of his congregation, but the young- official designation as qualified er, progressive group, full of ideas schools so that their graduates can from the ends ·of the earth, tempted be granted standard diplomas. The with wild ideas from Russia, alert completion and maintenance of an to every failure to appreciate mod- adequate force of younger, well ern scientific knowledge as they equipped ministers for their wonhave gotten it in Japanese schools, derful Church is the most urgent is somewhat beyond him. task before the Korean Church to- day. All over Korea there are similar churches. This situation constitutes The evidences of God's direct a crisis for everyone of these older working in the midst of the turmoil pastors and a crisis for the whole and destruction of ancient Korea, Korean Church, for the younger, creating out of the best of the old DR. AVISION, PRESIDEN'£, AND THE NEW CHOSEN CHRIS'l'IAN COLLEGE At tbe lett are Mrs. PiersoIl and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Anderson

Orientiallife, and Christianity, one awakened the nation to a new life purnew life in the body of the Church pose. The infusion of Christian ideals of Korea, are clear and inspiring. gave to it a new birth . . . The per- As Luther gave the Germans the sistently active minority have already Bible in their own tongue and re- made themselves felt among their nonmade Germany, the Bible Society Christian neighbors. The rebirth of a has given the Koreans the Word of nation in the heart of the Orient, the God in their own language in a rousing to new leadership of a people beautiful translation. This Bible once spiritual leaders in the Far East, has become the foundation of the who, through the fire of a new zeal new life of the great Christian com- are impelled to proclaim to others munity of Korea with its churches their new faith, is the story of Chrisand schools. Wherever among the tian expansion in Korea. nations that Bible has gone, the great teachings concerning God Dr. Paik's faith that "to the reand His loving control of the world generated Christian community the He created, the theistic conception future belongs" in his country, may of the universe, have set men free be better grounded than he realizes. and led them to an enlightened civi- It was only a few months ago that lization and ·power. The words of an unnamed writer in the New that Book, which have become the York Times gave it as his opinion daily meat of multitudes of Korean that Christianity had already atlives, have given a new moral sys- tained predominant influence retem to the world-sin as a personal ligiously in Korea. Out of the 20,- offence before God, truth as coming 000,000 Koreans, not more than from God, righteousness as the law 500,000, or one in forty, at the of God-these illuminated by the highest estimate can be regarded as Holy Spirit have brought repe)lt- really Christians. Nevertheless, if ance to Korea. Never did the Spirit hopeful, living, influential religion of God convict men of sin, of right- is meant, we may rightly regard eousness and of judgment more Christianity as the most vital repowerfully than in Korea. All Ko- ligion in Korea today. Just how rea, in fact all the world, has seen wide an influence Christianity also this and righteousness has a new has upon the multitudes who seem witness. to have no religious habits, it would be vain to guess. But the forty-six Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., years of Evangelical Christian acin the final paragraph of his "His- tivity in Korea have been a large tory of Protestant Missions in Ko- factor in changing the mental and rea," sums up his conclusions as spiritual horizons of the whole nato conditions in his native land to- tion. day as follows: The Gospel of Grace that the Ko- When Korea was opened to the West, rean Church has found in the Bible, the greatest change wrought in the which centers in a Saviour able to life of the people was the introduction save them and all men, has filled of Christianity. Evangelical Christi- their lives with new hope and joy anity entered the country when it was and has inspired them to go out still an independent nation . . . An- to spread the Glad Tidings and to nexation in 1910 was only the culmi- reach helping hands of mercy and nation of the long processes of decay kindness to those about them peroriginating before the opening of the ishing with their ancient temples country. The intercourse of the West

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

and hopeless religions. The glad profound witness to the Faith. songs of their great Sabbath con- The convictions that God is creatgregations, the power of their ing a Church for His own purposes Gospel preaching, the efficient in Korea fills the heart with wonder organization of their nation-wide and confidence. There are grave Sunday-schools, their home and problems, there are breakdowns foreign mission work, their gen- and heartaches, but they are not erous enthusiasm for better church the rule. The Korean Church is a buildings, their longing to educate glorious miracle of God's grace, their children, their loving com- full of promise and life in the midst munity fellowship all exhibit a di- of the present Oriental Renaisvine origin and control and are a sance.

.It WOMEN 'S SUNDAY-SCnOOL GA'l'HERING A'l' A COUNTRY CJIAPI~L , PYENGYANG THE SINGING OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS NOTHING stirred us more deeply in Korea than the singing of the Chris- tians. The voices were not melodious and they did not always keep the key, but the singing plainly expressed the aspirations of a fervent and genuine experience. Those Koreans sing as they pray- with all their hearts. Unfamiliar as the language is, a visitor is thrilled by the exultant ring of a living, joyous faith. The mud walls and the dark faces and all the strange surround- ings fade from view and one feels that he is no longer among strangers but in the household of Christian faith and love.

I have journeyed far and, have seen many places and peoples, but there still lives to my vision the humble chapels on those Korean hills, with worship- ping Koreans sitting oriental fashion on the fioor and I still seem to hear the unison of those eager voices as they sing; then follows the reverent petition of their leader as he prays for us all, while the white-robed worshippers bow with their faces to the fioor. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

A FORWARD STEP IN

BY DR. H. C. TUCKER, Rio de Janerio, Brazil Agent of the American mble Saciety T HE Protestant Pastors' As- of the Church's mission in the sociations in Rio de Janeiro world.

and Sao Paulo, Brazil, held Emphasis was also placed on the an important Evangelical Congress great need for more thoroughly April 30th to May 4th to discuss equipped native preachers, teachevangelism, Christian literature, ers and lay workers in all branches social service and training of lead- of church life. The need for apoloers. Three sessions a day were getic literature was stressed.

held in each of four leading On the last evening an audience churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, of a thousand or more filled the Congregationalist and Baptist. A auditorium of the new Baptist Methodist layman, former Gover- church, and the time was devoted nor of one of the States of the Re- to three-minute testimonies from public and member of the Federal members. Senate, Dr: Nestor Gomes, was elected President. The attendance This Congress was a striking, of the enrolled members and visi- concrete proof of the new contors varied from one hundred to sciousness springing up in the one thousand. young Church in Brazil. The rising Church on the field passes out of The twenty-five well-written the sphere of missionary control. papers, voluntarily presented by The various bra n c h e s of the Brazilian Christians, covered fif- Church realize more clearly the teen topics and presented a sug- need for cooperation in delivering gestive cross section of Brazilian to their fellow countrymen indievangelical thought. The six larg- vidually the message of the living est evangelical denominations in Christ and in making the impact Brazil were represented in the of the Gospel felt on the whole executive committee, the member- social and economic order of the ship, the authorship of papers, and in the discussions. Thus the Con- nation. gress represented the denomina- The best of the papers pretional elements of evangelical Christianity in the Republic. sented and the findings of the com- missions and the choicest of the Evangelism and the Gospel Mes- impressions given of the Congress sage were given first place on the would make a volume of great program and were emphasized as value to the Christian community of prime importance. There are in- and to many outside church circles, dications of an awakening interest if funds are available for their in real evangelism. The findings publication. One of the greatest on Social Service reveal a clearer obstacles to the intellectual life of comprehension of the principles the young Church is the lack of and message of the Gospel, and evangelical literature to win men the duty of the Church to society. to Christ and His way of life and The salvation of the individual was to enrich the spiritual life and given preeminence in the program build character in the Church.

492

THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE effort to satisfy and quiet We live in a world that is poor one's own conscience by con- and not rich. If I could take you fessing other people's sins is to Muscat you would see real pov- a favorite amusement the world erty in the hospital where I have over. We who reckon ourselves been working for the past two as of the conservative wing of years. How many beds do we have present-day Christianity are espe- in that hospital? None! The pa- cially guilty in that particular. I tients sleep on the floor. That have often heard the faults of need not excite our pity unreason- "modernists" discussed by conserv- ably for they do not know what a atives, but I do not recollect hear- bed is like. But of two hundred ing conservatives discuss the faults in-patients last year, not one had a of conservatives. It would be very mattress an inch thick under his . easy to say, why we are convinced body. They lay on those ha:rd that the extreme "modernist" has stones with nothing under them as little to contribute to the success of thick as my coat. Most of them lie foreign missions, but the pathetic on a little piece of cloth about as thing is that conservative evangeli- thick as your pocket handkerchief.

cal missionary forces seem to ac- They have not financial resources complish so little. The mission enough to put anything soft under fields are full of earnest evangeli- them. They have neyer had any- cal, conservative men, and we need thing soft in their life anywhere.

to consider how we can improve What do they eat? They scarcely the quality of our service, and eat anything. If a physiologist whether perhaps we do not need came from one of the American to understand more perfectly the universities and lived in Muscat he will of God, rather than castigate would need to revise his minimum our brethren who we think under- standards of living. He would stand it even less well than we. find that people can exist on less Consider what is the evangelical food than he supposed was possi- position in missionary work. We ble. Those Arabs come with their might mention three elements: resistance to disease so far reduced first, that we preach a message by chronic starvation that a tiny from God which is found in Christ; scratch on a man's ankle will grow second, that that message is ca- into an enormous ulcer three pable of producing repentance to- inches in diameter, in spite of all ward God and faith toward our I can do to stop that dangerous Lord Jesus Christ; third, that process. That man has not had this faith results in eternal life for enough to eat for ten years, be- any who accept it. That seems to cause that section of Arabia has be the merest platitude. As a mat- not had a normal rainfall for ten ter of fact, it is not a platitude. years. As a result the wells have • 'j'he second lecture tlelivered at Princeton dried up and the date gardens have Seminary in If'ebruary, 1931. died. The people who lived in that 493

district have moved away, some to desert, you would see a type of Zanzibar and some to Muscat. poverty equally severe. Here is a Some have died where they were, Bedouin tent made of black goat's and the country has become poorer hair. What furniture has it inside?

and poorer. When those men have It has three sticks crossed, with a a slight attack of diarrhea, a few skin basin on top, two or three days later they are taken out and water skins, and a battered, miser- buried. That is the chief cause for able-looking coffee pot. Over in mortality in the Muscat hospital. one corner there are one or two When men's resistance is so far re- quilts. They used to be red but duced from chronic starvation they now they are dirt color. They are simply cannot stand up against any only ragged pieces of wadded cot- type of infection. ton; that is all there is left. In Why do not these men keep a that tent lives a man and his wife little cleaner? They cannot keep and probably one child or two of clean. "Let them go and buy a the half dozen that have been born piece of soap in the bazaar for five there. Everyone of them is a pic- cents." They cannot buy a piece ture of marasmus and emaciation.

of soap in the bazaar for five You can count their ribs as far as cents. They have not the money. you cali see them. Those two chil- .

What does this man eat? Per- dren have lived because they were haps he had something to eat to- a little bit tougher than the half day because he picked up a little a dozen that died.

work in the bazaar. He carried This poverty is not confined to four or five sacks of rice from one Arabia. In India you would find shop to another and earned three a very large section of the popula- or four annas (5 or ten cents) so tion almost as poor as that. When he bought a piece of bread and a I first visited India I remember handful of dates. He may have sitting in the office of one of our had something to eat yesterday, missionaries who had charge of too, but the day before yesterday an industrial plant, and super- he did not, and he does not know vised the village work. Two In- whether or not he will have any- dian villagers came in. They were thing to eat tomorrow. He cannot outcastes, dusty and dejected, and go down and buy five cents worth as thin as matches. They stood of soap. there, wearing no clothes except a The community is so poor that loin cloth. The weight of all the it cannot be healthy. In Muscat, troubles of the world .seemed to where I work, most of the babies rest on their shoulders.

die. There is a good deal of tuber- This is the condition of the ma- culosis. There are all kinds of dirt jority of people with whom the and filth. Those men carry around missionary enterprise is concerned.

a large, well inhabited and prosper- That picture of poverty might ap- ous city in their hair and in their ply to large sections of the popula- clothes and in their bedding. The tion of China, of Persia, of Turkey, reason is the povert,,- of those peo- and of Africa. Missionaries work ple. What would you do if you among people that are poor, as a could not have a piece of soap all rule, not among those that are year long. rich. In Arabia the people are If I were to take you into the desperately and terribly poor.

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

Probably seventy-five per cent of among whom the m iss ion a I' y the missionary work in the past works. We must therefore adapt has been among the poor. our message and our work to meet This poverty is not a passing this situation.

condition. In Arabia the poverty What problem does that raise in is not due to the inefficient use of regard to the missionary enter- natural resources. We get, on the prise? Look at these people as average, one inch of rain a year in they lie on the floor in the Muscat the Arabian peninsula. That one Hospital. They cannot read and inch of rain governs the economic: they cannot write. They are dirty.

status of those people. It has not That man has not had a bath for changed since the days of Abra- six months, and his head is full of ham. If the Lord wills He can lice and his clothes the same. It is change it, as the Arab would almost impossible for him to be say, but He has not willed it for anything else. Can a man who is two thousand years, and there is too poor to keep clean be a Chris- no indication that He is going to tian? Can that Bedouin woman will it in the near future. If arte- out there in the desert that has to sian wells could be dug and pro- wash her hair in camel's urine be duce lots of water, the country a Christian? Is it possible for would be transformed, but it is not Christ to put radiant, eternal life likely that will happen. If oil is into the hearts of people who are discovered, it will be a different as poor as that? To my mind that country, but it is not probable. If is about the most serious problem physicists find some way to trans- that the evangelical missionary form sunlight into electrical energy enterprise faces today. Is it pos- then Arabia may some day become sible for such a man and such a the power house of the world, but I woman to be Christians?

do not suppose that will happen The Outcaste Villagers either. Arabia will some day be- come a Christian nation, or at Look at that outcaste Indian vil- least we will have a glorious Chris- lager. He does not read; he does tian church, but the country will not write; he works as a scaven- be as poor as it is now. ger or for a landowner. He has no When those Arabs become ear- clothes except a loin cloth, and per- nest Christians, the women of the haps an old cloak. He and his wife desert will still have to wash their and three or four children live in a hair in camel's urine, because there single room with a mud floor and is no water for that purpose. one little window, and a door. Can Babies would still die for lack of a family that lives that way be a suitable food because there is no Christian family?

suitable food there. The men I said to one of the leading mis- will look like gaunt, walking sionaries in South India, "Look at skeletons with a little skin on the this poverty around here."

outside, because there will prob- "Yes," he said, "but when a man ably be no more food to fatten them becomes a Christian, we educate after they are Christians than him and train him and get him into there is now. a better economic stratum than he The first picture I want you to was in before."

see is the extreme poverty of those The problem is this: can those

men be Christians in their present keep your temper." The Indian economic status'/ In Arabia, at does not think so.

any rate, when we have thousands The church in the East will be of Christians they will still be poor. oriental in its viewpoint and inef- Their economic status can not be ficient in the way it does its work.

raised very much by becoming If we say, "If a man cannot keep Christians. It must be possible to clean he cannot be a Christian be- have a church that is dirty; a cause cleanliness is an essential church membership that does not part of godliness," then at one get a bath once in three months on breath we have admitted that Hin- the average. Their hair is full of duism and Mohammedanism are undesirable citizens, because they religions better adapted to ninety cannot get soap and water. per cent of the people of India and Moreover, these Christians can- Arabia than is Christianity. We not read nor write and from your have admitted that Mohammed and standpoint and mine, their actions Krishna offer a better message for are childish and oriental. "What those people than Christ. do we mean by that '/" Here is an The average missionary will say, "Of course we will educate Indian who is working for a mis- those people." That is true. The sionary. Both are Christians. The mass movement in India creates a Indian is guilty of petty dishon- tremendous need for education. esty. Perhaps he told a lie and We take a low caste convert and took ten cents that did not belong by main force set him in an eleto him. The missionary lost his vated economic stratum, because, temper and scolded him. Later the according to the average run of missionary hears himself under missionary thought, he cannot be discussion, and the man who has a good Christian otherwise. Our been scolded says, "Now look at missionary educational institutions this. Just now the missionary are based on the belief that the caught me in a small fault. I had Christian community must be edutaken ten cents and I denied it. cated and that it cannot remain Then he lost his temper and scolded Christian otherwise. This means me. Now he thinks that he is a that their economic status must be Christian and I am not." raised if they are to be Christians.

To the Oriental, stealing ten Christ and the Poor cents is wrong and telling a lie is wrong, but it is not half as wrong This seems to be a departure as losing your temper. In the list from the will of God as represented of the fruits of the Spirit the sec- in the example of Christ, because ond place of importance, namely, Christ did not find much in com- the end of the list, is given to the mon with the rich. He threw His virtue of "self-control," but the vir- lot in with the poor. He said, tue of telling the truth has no place "Blessed are ye poor for yours is in that list of Christian virtues. the kingdom of God." I do not The fruit of the Spirit is love and suppose the poor people in Galilee joy and peace and long suffering, were clean then any more than they and it ends up with self-control. are clean now. Jesus said, "It is You say. "It is surely more impor- easier for a camel to go through tant to tell the truth than it is to the eye of a needle than for a rich

CAN THE POOR BE CHR.ISTIANS?

man to enter into the kingdom of church will appear as a result.

God." You and I would reverse What kind of a church? A church that and say, "It is easier for a that is to be made up of poor peo- camel to go through the eye of a ple, dirty people, people who can- needle than for a very poor man to not take baths, who smell bad, illit- enter into the kingdom of God." erate people who do not know much See how poor he is and how filthy about this world, who cannot read his house is and look how dirty he any newspaper—-childishly orien- is! How can he be a Christian? tal people. That is the way they That seems to be the meaning of look to us, though I do not suppose our present mission policy. there are any childish Orientals in We send out college trained mis- Christ's mind. But the vision be- sionaries and book-selling colpor- fore our eyes is a dirty church, an teurs and we organize schools and illiterate church, a childishly colleges for the education of the oriental church, and at the same converts. Whom do college trained time a church radiant with the missionaries most easily work eternal life of God Himself. Just among? Why of course among as certain as we gather in the college bred Arabs, only there are poor, as Christ wants us to, as none as yet.. They can find college Christ Himself attempted to do, trained Indians, and can work the church inevitably is going to among the most educated that a answer in a general way to that particular community contains. description.

I believe our mission in Arabia This raises at least two problems has a higher standard of language for us who are Christians, espe- attainment than any other with cially those whom God calls into which I am acquainted, yet I do not missionary work.

think that we have one missionary The first problem is the type of who is able to present the Gospel church we will try to produce. Will intelligibly to the wholly illiterate we try to reach the poor, the ninety classes. We present the Gospel to per cent of the population? Will men of education and refinement we try to reach the whole of the and travel because it is easier for people? Have we a faith in the for a camel to go through a needle's universality of Christ? Can eye than for a poor man to enter Christ save those who are poor, into the kingdom of God. We do the ninety per cent in India and not even know how those poor Arabia? Have we faith enough men's minds work, so we center to believe that this is possible?

attention upon those who are rich. The second problem is that of If, indeed, we gather in any poor, presenting the Christian message then we try to make them rich so to such men. I wish that you could that they can stay Christians. That see the simplicity and power of the is our present lack of faith. Mohammedan presentation to a What Kind of a Church ~ new community. Their creed is condensed into the simple words: ?I'

Now turn to what I regard as "There is no God but Allah."

the true vision which must be be- Babies are sung to sleep with that fore us when we undertake mission- creed before they know their ary work. We go out to the Orient right hand from their left. As to win disciples to Christ and the sailors work in Arabia and pull the 2

sails back and forth, they chant I doubt if there was a college grad- this creed; when laborers carry uate among them. I am rather their great burdens through the ashamed to think that I could sit bazaar, they chant this creed. through that service and not even When a sick man is ready to die, a say "Halleluiah" or "Thank the friend turns him on his side so that Lord." Those people were gaining he faces Mecca and leans over and by that kind of religious expres- shouts in his ear "Ashed," (Bear sion, reinforcement of their Chris- witness). That dying man, as he tian faith; and they were going out draws his last breath says: "There to be earnest and effective Chris- is no God but Allah." Then he tians in New York City.

tUrns over to die. Why might not poor people in The power of Mohammedanism Arabia and India be appealed to rests to no small degree in the more effectively by that type of simplicity and directness of its im- presentation? In Arabia, in the pact on the human mind. It has no days of the Mohammedan new year complexities. It is a simple Chris- celebration, I could show you some- tian message that we want; a mes- thing very significant. We have sage that is as direct and as two kinds of Mohammedanism- positive as' that. To carry out to the orthodox, geometrical, hyper- primitive and poor people the com- Calvinistic type – Sunniism – plexities ot" theological controversy where the sovereignty of God is is as intelligent as to take those emphasized to the obliteration of complexities to a class of six-year- everything else. We also have a old Sunday School children. We heretical development of Shiism need to teach them as we would there which resembles the Roman children – Who made you? God. Catholic Church in many ways. It Who saved you? Christ. A mes- has an elaborate ritual and a com- sage out there as positive and plicated system of saints. Ortho- simple as the Mohammedan mes- dox Mohammedanism is as color- sage. less emotionally as the stiffest What emotional coloring do poor Presbyterianism, whereas the more unlettered people like the world ritualistic Shiism is as emotional over? We conservative Christians as the Pentecostal church.

are too provincial. How many of At New Year in Arabia you will you have ever made it a point to see a tremendous procession and watch other types of religious ex- they have a theatrical representa- pression? In New York, not far tion of the sufferings of their from the Pennsylvania Station, saints, Ali and Hasan and Husain.

there is a Pentecostal church. If Here is a float with children dressed you would like new light on some in black and all crying most piteous- of these problems, attend the ly for water. Here is the corpse of a young people's service. You will sheep. His head is struck off just have a new sensation. The little before the procession starts and room is crowded with two hundred, the blood spurts out over a distance nearly all young people. When a of six, seven, or eight feet for the man leads in prayer, he has to first thirty or forty feet of the pro- shout to be heard, because their cession. A whole company of type of religious expression is very sword dancers dress themselves in vociferous. They are poor people. immaculate white robes and then

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

cut their foreheads with swords of an iceberg, has suffered defeat. as they march. Blood runs down That ought to be a lesson for us. all over those white clothes and What those people want is a relithey are a gory-looking mess. gion with an emotional outlet. The thing that would interest you That is a very unwelcome type of is the reaction of the thousands of doctrine to most missionaries of people who look on. They weep the Reformed Church. and sob, and during that week of celebrations there is an emotional Missionaries Who Weep outlet which surpasses anything I have ever seen. Throughout the What sort of a presentation of whole year they have readings the Gospel should we have? We about once a week where the same want some missionaries out there thing is done in a smaller way. I who can weep when they preach used to sit in an upstairs room in about Christ. That is a type of the house, that served us for a hos- missionary that we need added to pital in Katif, and watch them in the missionary force today. The the courtyard below. A man sits Indians weep easily. Why should upon a high, elevated chair, and he we insist upon committing the misreads in a lOUd voice. The men sit sionary enterprise to stoics who around and outside is a ring of have lost nine tenths of that women in black. They all sob and mobile, flexible sympathy that weep for half an hour. When the makes a religious message attracemotional outlet has been adequate, tive? Why should not men weep the service stops and it breaks up when they tell about Christ's sufwith handshaking and greetings. fering? The poverty-stricken peo- ple we work with out there are ap- In Arabia there is a steady drift pealed to by that presentation. from the orthodox Mohammedan- Why was it that Methodism swept ism of the desert, that geometrical America? It was not because of Calvinistic Sunniism that is the its stoical self-control! We need foundation of Islam, into the camp to learn from the past. of this ritualistic, highly emotional religion. There is no drift the What, then, are the implications other way. Wherever the two va- of an evangelical missionary enterrieties of religion co-exist, the la- prise? They are, first of all, a mesboring people and the artisians and sage suited to men that are poor the poor are Shiites, held by the and not to men who are rich, to emotional, ritualistic religion. The men who are illiterate rather than landowners and the ruling families to men who are educated, to men are generally the orthodox Sunnis. who are dirty rather than to men That means that the cheap, emo- who are clean, and an emotional tional faith of Ali, the Shiah rather than a stoical presentation, gospel, has won victory after and the vision of a church radiant victory over the orthodox, cold- with eternal life but oriental and blooded, philosophical Mohamme- different from ourselves. danism. There are millions of Shiites out there now. The Gospel That is going to take faith on of Christ is incredibly superior our part, and for those of us who from every point of view but, look forward to participating in dressed up in the emotional clothes the missionary enterprise it is go- ing to take preparation of a type different from what is taught in

the seminaries. You and I are en- from the notion that it depends gaged in carrying the Gospel not upon financial status and rememto a few but to everyone; we be- ber that Christ has His greatest lieve in the universality of Christ, love and His deepest interest in and we must 'become somewhat the poor. Therefore, we must have universal ourselves. It is our pro- our deepest interest and our greatvincialism that we must struggle est love for those that are poor. If against. We have clipped the mes- we do that, the missionary entersage down into our own measure, prise will be different, but it will and we must expand it to the meas- be according to the mind of Christ ure of Christ. We must free it and, therefore, it will be better.

"IF"-FOR MISSIONARIES "If you can hear God's call, when those about you Are urging other calls and claims on you: If you can trust your Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do: If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize With those who fail to understand your mission Glimpsing His world task through your Master's eyes, "If you can work in harmony with others Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same: If you can see your cherished plans defeated And tactfully and bravely hold your peace, Nor be embittered when unfairly treated Praying that love and good-will may increase.

"If you can trust to native Christian brethren The church you've built in lands across the sea, Seeing in them, as your growing children Promises of the men that are to be: If you can lead these eager weak beginners By methods indirect, your life, your prayer, For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest care.

"If you can share with the humblest folk your virtue: If noble souls are richer for your touch; If neither slights nor adoration hurt you, 'If all men count with you, but none too much': If you can fill your most discouraged minute 'With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; Yours is the task, with all the challenge in it, You'll be a missionary-through and through." -Evelyn H. Wal,ntsley. Nanking, China. (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling.)

KAGAWA-JAPANESE

TO THE POOR* BY THE REV. H. W. MEYERS, D.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Prcsbytcriflln Ohurch, South, 189"1 M ANY people have tried to de- up by relatives in the adjoining scribe Kagawa by compar- island of Shikoku. Here he went ing him with St. Francis, through the primary schools, and with Gandhi, or Sundar Singh, at the age of thirteen he came to with Gompers, or Origen, or with live with a wealthy uncle in the city some medieval mystic or fiery mod- of Tokushima, entering the middle ern evangelist. But Kagawa is dif- ferent; you must construct a brand new pigeonhole if you expect to fit him into it, and after you have fin- o ished, as likely as not, you will find him sitting on the outside. You can describe him as a poet, a novelist, an economist,a philosopher, a Christian socialist, a philanthro- pist,a statesman, a labor-leader, a mystic, a pastor, an evangelist, or a modern saint. And when you have said all this, I still wonder if the pigeonhole is big enough to hold your man.

Kagawa first saw the light and raised his voice in protest against the indignities and discomforts of this wicked world in July, 1889, and he has been protesting with a good deal of effectiveness ever since. His family was old and wealthy, but his father had lost heavily in specUlation on the rice market, and had turned to an ex- press company fOir his living. The standard of strict monogamy was school one year below the legal age rarely maintained among the upper limit. He inherited a good mind, a classes in Japan forty years ago, frail body, a legacy of wealth and and young Kagawa's mother was success, and a tradition of decidednot his father's legal wife. In such ly lax morals. His was not the encases the child was commonly vironment from which one would adopted, especially where the legal expect to find a great moral leader. wife-as in this case-had no children. So Toyohiko was adopted by My first contact with Toyohiko his father and sent to be brought was in the home of Mr. Katayama, a Christian teacher of English in a *From lVorld Dominion, London. middle school, who called on the 501

little fellow to show his proficiency posterous, and could not be con- in English by reciting the story of sidered seriously. Among young how Kate rescued a train from de- Toyohiko's many excellent qualities struction in a midnight storm. might be counted an exceedingly Toyohiko's first touch with Chris- hard head, and the family failed tianity came through Mr. Kata- utterly to make him move an inch yama, and through an English from his decision. At last his uncle Bible class; his keenness for Eng- told him that if he wanted to throw lish insured his regular attendance his life away in any such manner, at the class. One Sunday he ar- he could get out of the house. They rived at my home in a state of great would have nothing more to do excitement, and began to sob as he with him! And so he was turned tried to tell me what was the mat- out of his home without a penny. ter. He had just read the story of A very few years later he came the Cross of Christ, and, like the back to Tokushima as the guest of the city, and was greeted with an Apostle Paul, the love of Christ arch of triumph, and fireworks, as constrained him. That Sunday was the city's most distinguished citithe turning point in his life. A zen! few months later he was baptized, and from the'first he was intensely What was it that lead this boy of eighteen to give up the life of ease active in the Sunday-school and in and success that his family planned all the work of the church. His for him? What has inspired all the whole nature responded to the ap- great renunciations through the peals of Christian love, sympathy and purity. Though still a mere ages, from Moses to Saul of Tarsus, and on down to Francis of Assisi, boy, he was always ready to take and Charrington's renunciation of part in the church services or in the brewery millions in our own street meetings. time? We can only say that it was the call of God and a vision of serv- The next crisis in Kagawa's life ice. came at his graduation from the middle school, when the question of That first summer was spent in his further study and life work my home, and for two months we arose. He had graduated third in were together constantly, teaching, his class of a hundred and fifty, and the only reason he failed to lead preaching, visiting and making bithe class was that he had been read- cycle tours through the country. In ing omnivorously outside the cur- the autumn he was sent to Meiji riculum. His teachers and family Gakuin, a Christian college in Torecognized that he had a brilliant kyo, where, after some vicissitudes, mind, and they expected him to he was graduated two years later.

acquire fame and fortune in public The next step was his theological life. Imagine their indignation and education in the seminary in Kobe, disgust when he announced his de- which was interrupted by an attack cision to become a Christian min- of tuberculosis and an enforced ister! His uncle had been mayor year at the seaside. During this of the city and a member of the year, spent among the fisher folk House of Peers. His father had held of Gamagori, in a hut that he rent- an office corresponding to a cabinet ed for fifty cents a month, Kagawa minister. This idea of becoming a learned two great lessons that have Christian minister was simply pre- helped to shape his after life. More

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

than once he came face to face with to live in one of those six-foot death, and learned that for him it rooms in the slums? Some of his had no terrors. His whole after life people were hungering for a better has been spent with the conscious- life, and there was not one spot ness that he has "crossed the death- where they could be free from the line," as he expressed it. The other temptation and evil about them.

great lesson that he learned was to We felt that he would not live three know and love the poor people months if he went to the slums, among whom he lived. He wrote where the death rate was six times their letters, taught their children, the rate in healthy parts of the sympathized with them in their city. But he went, and spent nine troubles, and learned the details of years witnessing for Christ among the family skeletons that were to be outcasts, lepers, beggars, gamblers, found in almost every home. thieves and murderers. And this In his last year in the seminary was a young aristocrat, brought his health was better, but he was up in the home of a millionaire!

still far from well. Kagawa had As his work and influence grew, been going down every afternoon the first room soon became too to the Shinakawa slums and small to hold those who came to preaching to the crowds on the him, so a second and a third room street corners. In this section is were rented, and the partitions be- the famous-or infamous-Htwo- tween them were pulled down, mat" district, in which there are making a fair-sized assembly room.

hundreds of one-roomed houses, Sympathetic friends felt that it each room six feet square, contain- was a privilege to have a part in ing two of the three-by-six-foot such a work, and gifts amounting mats found in all Japanese houses. to a considerable sum were sent to These houses face upon alleys three him by Japanese as well as foreign- to six feet wide, that are filthy be- ers. But for a long time Kagawa yond description. Sometimes fam- lived on about a dollar and a half ilies of five or six persons are found of American money a month, giv- living in one of these tiny houses in ing away many times this sum to which babies are born, invalids the poor and suffering about him.

languish and the sick die, all in In the cold weather he would give crowded confusion. Naturally most away all his clothes except what he of the inhabitants of this human was actually wearing. In order to rabbit warren are the very poor, make it possible to get his clothes the unemployed, the sick and the washed he kept an extra suit at criminal. What chance has a girl my home where he could not give it or boy in such surroundings to away, and we made him come up grow up clean and healthy? and have a change once a week.

Kagawa preached on the street Kagawa's day in the slums usual- corners to jailbirds, gamblers, ly began at six in the morning with prostitutes and drunkards. His a preaching service on the streets, words brought many to conviction at a spot where the laborers gath- and tears, and they would beg him ered before going out for the day's to help them to live a better life. work. This was followed, by a What could we in the seminary do round of visits to the sick, giving when he came asking permission to financial aid to as many as pos- leave the dormitory, and go down sible. He conducted and financed

scores of funerals. He took in all was old man Maruyama, perhaps who asked for a place to sleep until the laziest mortal that ever existed.

there was no more space on his Out of the goodness of his heart floors, and occasionally one of his Kagawa took the old fellow in, guests would depart, carrying off after which he refused to work or some of his few belongings. Not even to beg. He would just sit infrequently he would have a guest around and eat and sleep, and suffering from some loathsome dis- scratch. Then, there was the tiny ease. One young fellow conceived baby whose mother died, whom Ka- the bright idea that he would like gawa temporarily adopted. He got to be employed as a sort of superin- some condensed milk and fed it, tendent, drawing a salary and but he succeeded none too well, and wearing a suit of foreign clothes. as soon as possible sent it on to its Kagawa gave him his only suit of relatives living elsewhere. "The foreign clothes, an old school uni- baby wept, and I wept," he told me form, but there was no salary to in recounting this experience.

be had even if the fellow had been But along with these bitter exthe right man for such a position. periences in the slums, there were Finding his requests refused, he many that made his heart glad. went out and· drank a lot of sake, There was the bean-curd peddlar bought a vicious short sword, broke Veda, who came to Kagawa after into the room where a prayermeet- drinking and gambling away everying was being held, and threatened thing he possessed except the very to kill Kagawa and all the rest. He dirty shirt that was his only gar- kicked over the hibachi aNd scat- ment. In a drunken brawl he had tered coals of fire about the room! received a gash across his face that He was finally pacified and gave up caused his eyes to point in different his sword, which I have in my desk directions, and made him look like now. Kagawa did not want to have the cut-throat he really was. Veda it in his house. was really converted and became Another of Kagawa's uncomfort- a power of righteousness in the able protegeS was a big, burly slums. He soon "made good" finan- gambler, named Kodera. He had a cially, and until God called him complete gambler's outfit of cards home he was an earnest Christian and dice, and had served several and an effective street preacher.

terms in prison after police raids Among the brightest pictures in on his games. He was touched by my memory are some of the meet- Kagawa's preaching, and in a peni- ings held in those Shinakawa slums tent moment handed over his cards of Kobe. The Sunday mornirig -to which I fell heir, as in the meeting for worship was regularly case of the big knife. But Kodera held at six o'clock, as this was the had no real change of heart-and quietest hour of the day. In sum- he looked with greedy eyes at the mer it was earlier. On Sunday money which he saw Kagawa hand- nights evangelistic services were ing over to the sick and starving. held, when the room would be When Kagawa refused him a packed. On Wednesday nights a "loan" of fifty yen, the big fellow prayer meeting was conducted, knocked him down and went out in and on other nights a night school a rage. was held and the boys who attended Another very troublesome fellow were given regular high school

TOYOHlKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

courses in a number of branches. a series of articles entitled, "Japan One of these slum boys now holds Seen Through a Crack," which exan important position in the city cited much interest. His first book employment bureau, and is an in- of real importance was entitled fluential Christian. I used to help "The Psychology of Poverty," to teach classes in English in this which was an original study of night school. life among the poor, with a pro- gram of reform. This was a rather The prayer meetings which were expensive book, but it sold through held there were unique, and some- scores of editions, and established times positively thrilling. Imagine his reputation as an authority. One sitting in a circle on the fl-oor with worthy official in social work used fifteen or twenty men and women, a whole chapter of this book, witheach one of whom had a criminal out acknowledgment, as part of his record or a tragic history. Most of own report. them had served one or more terms in prison for gambling, theft or But the one book that did most murder. Some of the women had to establish his fame and extend his been prostitutes. Some had hus- popularity was an autobiographical bands in prison. There was one novel called Shisen Wo Koete, or whose hubsand had been in a gam- "Across the Death-line." This book bling party when the police raided sold through nearly four hundred the place. He made a wild dash editions, and brought its author an for the stairs, tripped on the top income of thirty thousand yen for several years, all of which he gave step and broke his neck as he fell away as fast as he received it. to the bottom. The hymns sung at Great numbers wrote and told him these prayer meetings might be de- that they had decided to become scribed as making a joyful noise to Christians through reading this the Lord. They could hardly be book. Its popularity has insured a called music. And the prayers were wide reading for all the books he such as I have never heard any- has since written, numbering nearwhere else. Those people had never ly fifty in all. As an illustration of heard of the formal "prayer lan- Dr. Kagawa's versatility, at the guage," so they talked to the Lord time when this novel was being in their own everyday speech. printed he had three other books in the press: a book -of poems, an es- They would tell the Lo'rd with ap- sayan economics, and a book called palling frankness of their sins and "How to Teach the Life of Christ temptations, and beg for God's to Children." The range of his instrength to gain the victory over terests and the extent of his knowthese sins. There was a grim ear- ledge are most remarkable. nestness about it all that made one feel oneself in the very presence of After nine years in the slums he God. went to America, where he spent two years in study at Princeton While living in the slums, Toyo- and 0 the r institutions, making hiko Kagawa, through his writings, friends everywhere, and adding to gradually gained a wide circle of his enormous stock of encyclopredic friends and admirers all over the knowledge. Returning to Japan, country. He visited all the large he spent his first night among his cities of Japan, investigating the old friends in the slums, taking up conditions of the poor, and wrote for one of the largest daily papers

the work where he had laid it down During one of Dr. Kagawa's two years before. trips abroad, he was brought in contact with the Huguenot Church A new era was opened in Kaga- of France. He was told of their wa's life when he entered politics, churches and schools, their colleges and undertook to organize a labor and seminaries, their distinct literparty throughout the country, and ature and culture in a land that to raise the standard of living was largely Catholic or irreligious. among the working classes. He be- With a million or so members, they gan to organize labor unions every- are able to maintain and develop where, published a labor magazine, their religious life successfully, The and inaugurated a campaign for thought occurred to him that unless universal suffrage and for a change the Church in Japan can get a in the government's repressive attitude toward all labor movements. backing of a million members it The price he paid for this political can never maintain its position and activity was two weeks' imprison- wield its proper influence in that ment, several fines for dangerous country. With this thought in mind sentiments discovered in his writ- he returned to Japan to inaugurate ings, and an undeserved reputation a nation-wide evangelistic movefor being a dangerous radical. But ment, called at first the Million the interesting part of all this is Souls Movement, and later the Kingdom of God Movement. Dr. that his campaigns succeeded. The Kagawa is himself the soul and property qualification was removed center of this movement, and he and the franchise extended to near- has brought the message of the ly the entire male population. Fac- Gospel to vast crowds in all the cities of Japan. In addition to the tory laws were radically revised, spoken 'word, many hundred thouhours of labor were cut down and sands of his evangelistic books have living conditions were revolution- been sold wherever his meetings ized under Kagawa's leadership. At the same time, those in author- have been held. ity in Tokyo began to find out that this supposed radical was really In considering the life and work a constructive statesman, and a of Dr. Kagawa, it should never be mighty defence against the attacks forgotten that his work has been done in the midst of bodily weakof the followers of Karl Marx. ness, severe illness, and difficulties One of Dr. Kagawa's lines of ac- and handicaps that would have in- capacitated most of us. He has tivity is in the organization of a written a beautiful little book society which he calls Iesu no To- called "The Remaining Thorn," or mo, or the "Friends of Jesus." the "Blessing of Affliction," in Some of the members have never which he tells of his own sufferings been baptized as members of any from tuberculosis, from dire povchurch, though of course the great erty, from gradually approaching majority are church members. It blindness and a dozen other afflicis a band of men and women scat- tions, and of how the Lord turned tered all over the country who dedi- each of these "thorns" into blesscate their lives to following Jesus ings, and enabled him to rejoice in in helping their fellow men. The organization is of the simplest, but them all. the fellowship and the service are real.

A NEW ADVENTURE WITH CHRIST *

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Judson College, Rangoon SOMEONE has said that we through the maze of our jangling have offered the world of our aspirations saying, "I am come that day a "Saviour too small for ye may have life and have it abun- the tragic necessities of life." dantly"?

The "tragic necessities of life," There is no cause for pessimism, how the phrase haunts US! To say unless our faith is inadequate for that a new world has come into be- the present demands-those "traging has become so commonplace a ic necessities of life." Any shallow thought that we are inclined to optimism will only lead us down neglect its urgency and true signif- long paths of bewilderment, and icance. This new day is not the sorrow and embittering disappointarena of conflicting world religions ments. But if we have learned as it has been in some periods of something of the fullness of Christ, recent history. Our new day has of His rugged simplicity, of His brought into startling clearness the deep interest in the actual problems necessity for facing the facts of of life, and if we have caught His life. The conflict is not between the spirit with its great natural affinity various faiths, but it is between the to human need, we are called indeed moral materialism, with the sub- into a new adventure with Him. sequent agnosticism of scientific But it must be an adventure with materialism, on the one hand, and Him, as He will lead. We must be the world of spiritual realities on prepared for new alignments, the other. This is the day when changing emphases, radical read- Christ should come into His own. justments it may be, anything at For here He stands, not the de- all, if so be that He may be known, fendant of His system over against and shared, and loved by our fellowother systems, but face to face with men of this day. human need. Here Christ is found living, creative and life-giving. The intellectual climate of the day is frankly sympathetic. It is We who are in Burma as His seldom hostile. A leading article ambassadors, are called by our in one of our Rangoon dailies is of modern kalredoscopic civilization to peculiar interest. It was entitled, a new adventure. Ours is the task "What ought we to believe?" Note of vitally relating Christ to human the question. It has nothing of the needs in its tragic necessity. What attitude of rejecting all beliefs or has Christ to say to human need? hostility to them. It seems to ask What will His attitude be to those us, what can we believe? What is who feel bound in the unsatisfying it necessary for us to believe? What and dim chambers of a seemingly tests can we place for our beliefs? inevitable agnosticism? What is To what extent can we believe? Its His mind? Do we hear Him speak- attitude is frank and earnest, but ing the words of liberation, of its final resting place, admittedly peace, of power, of new life! Is unsatisfactory, is an unstable ag- He not even now calling down nosticism.

• Extracts from an address delivered before This is but half the story. There the Baptist Missionary Conference in Rangoon.

507

is a brighter part, and one of When the rugged, stark realities of far greater significance. The writ- life wring from me the cry of hu- er of the above mentioned edito- man fallibility and utter need, what rial sees clearly that this is an age I want is someone who will put my which is seeking reality.. hand in the hand of my Father, Weare living in a world frankly God. I need Him. Nothing else will disillusioned, and ill at ease, dis- touch my deepest needs. And it is turbed at the loss of that which here that Christ brings me the cer- alone can make life completely tainty I need. For when I am near worth while. Agnosticism might be Him, and when the fellowship of a hard and cruel thing, unbending His gentle spirit is unclouded 1 before any appeal of religion or ex- know myself to be near to God.

perience or the spirit world. But We do not often think of the this recent agnosticism is a differ- other aspect, God's search for man. ent thing. It is eager, it is wistful, But there is the greater truth, that it is on a search. It is hopeful that the loving heart of the Eternal is some way may be found for belief. out to reach us and bring us into a It is half expectant that the future full life of fellowship which shall will hold some new belief which mean life in its overflowing fullwill bring back into life all the ness. The Father seeks us down the beauty that it may contain. Here long years through a humiliating is willingness to believe and an incarnation, across the plains of anxious search after that which our human aspiration and need, may be safely believed. into the long nights of human guilt This is the day in which to turn and sin and despair, and finally men's hearts and minds to Christ, toils up a lonely Calvary that His not only encourage them to study love might be blazoned to all the His teachings, and become familiar world. Here then is love. Here is with the events of His life, but we must demonstrate in an appealing something big enough to meet our way the life which is in fellowship need and the need of the whole with the ever living and preser!t race. Robert E. Speer has said that Christ. What is desperately need- every discovery of God on the part of man must of necessity be a reveed in the present situation is Life; lation on the part of God. This is and Life can only be communicated a very profound truth. What is through lives, lives saturated with the aspiration and upward surge of Him, and radiant with His love the human heart but the irresistiand health. I know of no way in ble drawing of Him who said that which darkness and death can be He would draw all men unto Himchanged except by Christ. self. Christ in His great work is In India I used to find large num- trying to bring men to the Father's bers of Indians eager to discuss the heart. And on the other hand in different ways to God. Their at- Him we see the Father reaching titude was that of admitting any out to draw men, to uncover His new way to God if only the other essential nature. In Christ we have alleged ways to God were not de- all. There is one place where hu- nied. These discussions about the man need and the loving heart of number of ways to God are futile. the Eternal meet, and that is in It ends in intellectual gymnastics. Christ. BY LOIS J. ELDER, New York Travel£ng Seoretary of the Student V"I1lnteer MQvement I T HAS been said that each gen- may in their turn "junk" the re- eration returns to the ideas of ligion, morality, and thought of its grandfathers. While this their immediate predecessors as simple statement might rightly be thoroughly as their fathers challenged, still. if we are closely scrapped that which preceded to examine the present trends in them. Such people as Dr. Harry thinking among college students, it Elmer Barnes and Mr. H. L. can be found to possess a modicum Mencken, greet this reversion to a of truth for us now. We have been "midVictorianism" of thought reminded over and over, almost ad with alarm; others hail it with a nauseam, of the reaction against deep sigh of relief; still others all orthodoxy, religious or secular, wonder whether this destructive which came at the end of the peri- process must again be repeated or od dominated by the ideas of the if, given proper direction, we may ultra-conservative, pre-war genera- hope that they will strike more of tions. The next generations re- a happy balance between over-con- jected the orthodoxy of this group servatism on the one hand and un- because they knew that it did not checked liberalism on the other.

possess all of the truth concerning Christian missions were among religion and life. They rejected the many aspects and expressions the partial and, to them, mistaken of religion which were subjected comprehension of God, the morbid to the destructive criticism of the and "repressed" morality, the ways post-war generation. Naturally of thinking and what was to them people who were avowedly social- the" incomprehensible vocabulary istic and humanistic in outlook of the Victorian generations. This could not readily understand, still reckless junking of old ways and less fervently support, a program thoughts did achieve for men a whose slogan was "The evancommendable freedom of interpre- gelization of' the world in this tation of their lives but it also generation" and which was moti- helped to establish a materialistic vated by a zeal to redeem the regime in a world ruled by science heathen 'peoples of the earth by and big business. We now shudder preaching Jesus Christ and Him at the results. crucified. The emotional motiva- At present, however, a new tion of such an undertaking was as group of students is entering into foreign to them as was the vocab- another era of life and thought. ulary in which the purpose was ex- They are again questioning the pressed. Therefore we had a sharp conclusions of this modern group decline in the missionary enter- and are looking for their own an- prise which showed itself in the swer to the everlasting question, failure of the home churches to "How shall we live?" To many support the existing missions fi- thoughtful and well informed ob- nancially, and in a marked de- servers it seems that these students crease in the number of students 609 who offered themselves as candi- sharing. Whatever the reason or dates to carryon and advance the thought behind it, the fact is that mission work. For some time it students today are becoming gen- has taken a great deal of optimism uinely, if slowly, refired with mis- and steadfast belief on the part of sionary passion.

the faithful missionary leaders not Another contributing factor to to resign themselves to the popular the recent unpopularity of missions belief that foreign missions were, has been the current misconcep- if not already, "done for," at least tions of methods used in the enter- very rapidly coming to that state. prise. Much of the prejudice against In the eyes of the average young most causes can be attributed to person the movement was passe ignorance of the fundamentals un- and anyone who was naive enough derlying those causes. So it has to believe in it or fanatical enough been with missions. Many of the to give his talents to promoting people here at home, who have been the work on the field, could be most destructive in their violent treated only with an amused con- criticism of missions, have been tempt. Missions. and missionaries those who knew little or nothing were not "modern"; they could about the real workings of the mis- not in the very nature of things be sion. Somewhere or other they considered "liberal" in thought have gained the impression that and, worst of all, they were guilty the only interest of aU missionaries of the heinous offense of trying to is a "nose counting of saved souls"

force their ideas about religion and and that the only means taken to life on other peoples who should be achieve that end is that of exhor- left free to practice their own be- tation. Their common conception liefs. On these and many other of a missionary is that of a pale, scores missions were tried by this long-faced, black-clad, militantly "modern" and "liberal" genera- "holier-than-thou" person who tion, found guilty, and sentenced knows little and cares less about to die a natural and rather rapid present trends in world relations death. and world thought. We can little But now these same people who blame anyone for not being at- are being alarmed at the thought tracted to such a picture of mis- of the contemporary reversion to sions and missionaries-I doubt what they label as a midVictorian whether I have painted it in strong philosophy of life might be just as enough colors. During the last few surprised to find that the body of months my time has been given to missions in which life was thought traveling around among the col- virtually extinct is beginning to leges and universities of the United show renewed life to a startling States and I have naturally met degree. It would seem that these hundreds of people who might fair- present students think that possi- ly represent the average point of bly these "moderns" have been as view. Many of these people have mistaken about missions as about frankly admitted to me that they other things and that it is perhaps had always held just such an opin- an enterprise which has something ion of missions. But the hopeful real to offer to them and the world thing about it all is that most of at large and one in which they them seemed quite willing to might find a real satisfaction in change their attitudes after they had listened to a presentation of have had another experience which the widely inclusive program of seems to me to be cause for re- modern missions and found that it joicing on the part of those gen- embraces work as varied as the uinely concerned over present in- agricultural work done by Sam terest in missions. Frequently Higginbotham in Allahabad, India, when I was to speak before a stu- the educational work done in the dent body the learned older profes- mission schools from Kobe, Japan, sor in charge of the program would to Santiago, Chile, and the power- take me aside and say kindly, ful evangelistic and social work of "Now, if I were in your place, I a Kagawa. would tell them something about But here again we find a differ- Persian life and customs in a gen- ence in the attitudes and reasons eral way and not say anything for attitudes on the parts of the about missions. I know from past younger students. Due to various experience that if you say that you factors the students entering col- are going to talk about missions lege just now are much better in- that half of them will go to sleep formed about the nature of mis- and the other haIf will put books sion work and are, therefore, more up in front of their faces and pro- kindly disposed toward it than ceed to study their lessons during those of the last generation or two. your talk." I have replied quite They have grown up, to be sure, kindly but firmly that I would like under the tutelage of this older and to try and see whether they would bitterly opposed generation and act in this way (just to carryover therefore are somewhat predis- some of our beloved scientific meth- posed to look upon missions od of trial and error, if for no other through their eyes. But an in- reason). In every case the profes- creasing percentage of them have sor and I, and perhaps the students a passing knowledge of the various also, have been pleasantly sur- kinds of mission work and of the prised to find that we have had kind of person who is best quali- neither a study hall nor a class in fied to undertake this work. Many relaxation while they had a chapel of the students have read and talk on missions. It is quite true thrilled over such books as "The that in talking to them about mis- Splendor of God," "Aggrey of Af- sions I have used a vocabulary rica," "Seven Thousand Emer- (minus some of the more flagrant alds," and "Waste Basket Surgery" and jangling forms of collegiate to mention only a few of the more slang) which was approximately commonly read books. This read- the same as that which they use on ing may be limited in its scope and the campus. None of us could get may not present an all around pic- excited enough about some cause ture of missions, but who would to give our lives to it if we heard say that it is not encouraging to that cause presented in Latin or find them reading even a limited some other language with which amount of such reliable and en- we had only a bowing acquaint- lightening literature on modern ance.

missions? This is a big step in ad- My conclusions, after a brief vance of the lack of information of but rather intensive acquaintance their fathers. with students during the last few Several times during this year I months, would be: First, that the advance guard of ward missions and are becoming the more thoughtful of the younger more and more willing to give the students just now, having found cause a hearing and, after the hearthat the scientific attitude toward ing, their allegiance. Most of them life is far from being either wholly are still too much under the influsatisfactory or from offering the ence of their sociology to adopt any entire solution of human well being such slogan as "The evangelization and happiness, is turning back to- of the world in this generation" but ward that way of thought which there is one minor prophet who characterized the people one gen- would like to predict that, even eration removed in the past. while they keep the sociological background, they will eventually Second, I believe that, as they espouse a missionary cause-and change their outlook on the other possibly adopt another missionary phases of religious life, just so are slogan with a great significance. they changing their attitudes to- A DAYBREAK PRAYER-MEETING IN KOREA BY MRS. W. D. REYNOLDS, Pyengyang, Korea ADAYBREAK prayer-meeting in Korea is a never forgotten sight and thrill. Before the time for service to begin, we are obliged to enter by the pulpit door, as there are no seats elsewhere. We see one thousand women sitting as close together on the floor as they can get-a veritable sea of white headdresses. On the other side of the church are about five hundred men.

All are sitting quietly waiting for the speaker to begin. There is no oonfusion, no whispering. All sit quietly, hugging themselves, for the early mornings now are cold.

Evangelist Kim Ik Dan begins with a hymn, prayer, and the Scripture. He speaks earnestly and sometimes dramatically. There is not a sound in the audience except an occasional cough and now and then a baby is heard, but its mother quickly quiets it with a little of nature's good baby food, and nobody is disturbed.

The evangelist calls for everybody to pray and immediately a burst of sound like the roaring of waves fills the church, yet there is no excitement or confusion. After about five minutes of this prayer, Pastor Kim begins to sing, and all join. At the close of the hour he says, "Those who must leave, please go out quietly." A number, mostly women, rise quietly and leave. He then continues talking or praying or answering questions as long as anybody remains.

This wonderful scene is in a city which thirty-five years ago had never heard the Gospel. Evangelist Kim is a magnetic, earnest and dramatic speaker. He goes about alone to fill his engagements-no choir, no pianists, no assistant teachers. He carries the simple message of the Gospel.· During the evangelistic meetings he has conducted the 6 a. m. prayermeeting, two Bible classes each morning from 10 to 12, at 6: 30 p. m. he preaches for an hour at the Central church to a packed house, and then goes to the West Gate church and preaches at 8 p. m. to about 1,500 people.

During one of his Bible classes, a man a-sked him why God did not speak directly to us as he did in days of old. At once Pastor Kim said, "Come up here, brother." The man went up, and Pastor Kim made him come up in the pulpit where all could see him, and then he held his open Bible close to his face and said, "God is speaking to you in these sixty-six books; what more could you want?"

KEMP (STANDING) AND TilE S'l'UDENTS AT THE AUCKLAND

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS"

IN NEW ZEALAND Spiritual Training in the New Zealand Bible Training Institute A FEW years ago the Baptist Hostel was opened on March 1, Tabernacle at Auckland, New 1923, with five resident students. Zealand, was the scene of a With no proper dormitory or class spiritual quickening which called rooms, and with very limited ac- together daily a number of kindred commodation the housing condisouls for prayer. Once a week a tions were far from ideal. few ladies met to pray that the way might open for the establish- A building overlooking the West- ern Park was secured and adapted ment of a Bible school for the to the work but soon became very training of Christian workers. inadequate. Every available space There was need for such a school was required for use as sleeping in New Zealand. A meeting of quarters. business men was called and the Both men and women soon outpastor, Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, laid grew their quarters. In answer to the project before them. As a re- earnest prayer, and through the suit sufficient support was prom- generosity of the friends of the Inised to justify publicity being stitute, a site was purchased and given to the project. There was a simple but well equipped fireopposition and it was clear that if proof building was erected and Satan could have prevented the opened free of debt on August 20, launching of the Institute he would 1927. The large attendance at the have done so. Finally the Insti- opening attested the place which tute was opened on March 1, 1922, the work had gained in the con- with six young men students and fidence of the Christian people of four young women registered as New Zealand. This new home pro- nonresident students. Further ap- vides separate rooms for about plications were received, and in a sixty students. One wing is deshort time the number had grown voted to women, and the other to to thirteen. A Young Women's men. It has also a dining room, 3 513

kitchen, lecture room, social rooms, the "Personal Christian Life" administration offices and accom- course, many problems are faced modations for the staff. Ever since and the Word of God brought to the opening the Institute has been bear on the life and walk of the filled with a fine body of students. believer, often with revolutionary The Institute is in no sense in force. The monthly all-day of competition with existing theo- prayer is a strong factor in this logical schools or denominational development. colleges. While it does not attempt Previous to the establishing of to give only academic training, the the Institute young men and young preparation received is by no women desiring such training had means superficial. Tho r 0 ugh to seek it either in America or Auscourses are provided for a prac- tralia. Now New Zealand can tical knowledge of the English train its own workers and the Bible. This is preeminent. Not graduates testify to the great help only are the students instructed in received for service both in the what the Book contains but they home field and in foreign missions. are also encouraged to test for These young men and young womthemselves the truth of its con- en are now serving in India, China, tents. Such a study gives the stu- the Sudan, Mexico, Papua, Solodents a comprehensive grasp of the mon Islands, AUstralia, South entire Scriptures, with opportu- America, and Canada. Several are nity for original search. The books ministers of different denominaof the Bible and the great doctrines tions in New Zealand and some are dealt with systematically and work among the Maoris. The definite recognition is made of dis- course on Missions gives those in pensational truth. New Testament this "School of the Prophets" a Greek is also studied and current world-wide vision. The Institute, theological problems are met in lec- being interdenominational, works tures on the Bible and science, in harmony with all Evangelical criticism, evoIutinn, and false re- Churches and Christian Missions ligions. Students are not left in which are true to the Faith. doubt as to the truth and have to The faculty of the Institute is meet forces destructive of faith. made up of those of unquestioned The study of practical methods of loyalty to Christ and the Bible and Christian work includes sermoniz- thoroughly competent as teachers. ing, evangelism, prayers and other The Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, pastor activities of the Christian worker. of the Tabernacle, has acted as Especial emphasis is placed on Honorary Principal since the inwhat Thomas Boston called "The ception of the Institute, and as Art of Man Fishing" for no train- teacher of Homiletics and Syste- ing can be complete without a matic Theology. Mr. J. O. Sanders knowledge of how to win souls. left the legal profession to act as Students are shown how to deal Secretary-Treasurer. Mr. C. J. with various classes of enquirers. Rolls, the Dean, has recently gone A course in English is prescribed to America but Mr. H. Yolland is and particular attention is given to proving a valuable teacher. Other the public reading of the Scrip- members of the faculty include tures. The spiritual life of the Rev. Evan R. Harries, of St. James students is of first concern and in Presbyterian Church; Mr. E. M.

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS" IN NEW ZEALAND

Blaiklock, M.A.; Dr. William H. The students regularly engage Pettit. Supplemental studies are in active Christian work in Auck- dealt with by occasional lecturers land and the vicinity. Several city who are all loyal to the faith and churches welcome their help in who stand four-square on the great Sunday-school work and as leaders fundamentals. of Bible classes. Open-air evan- All applicants for admission to gelism is carried on in one of the the Institute are required to accept busiest thoroughfares of the city the following statement of faith: and house-to-house visitation helps 1. The Bible as the Word and revela- students gain experience in dealing tion of God, and therefore our only final with a vast variety of human conauthority in matters of faith and conscience. (2 Timothy 3: 16: Psalm 119: ditions and problems. ll.) An Extension Department of- 2. The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ; fers opportunity to teach, preach that He is very God, by Whom and for Whom all things were created. (John 1: and publish the Word of God be- 1-14; John 14: 9.) yond the confines of the classroom.

3. The virgin birth of our Lord Jesus Bible lectures are given in various Christ; conceived by the Holy Spirit, centres and a Bible Correspondence and therefore God manifest in the flesh.

(Isaiah 7: 14; Matthew 1: 18-25.) Course offers systematic Bible 4. Salvation, by divine sacrifice. "The study to hundreds who might Son of God gave His life a ransom for many; and bore our sins in His own otherwise be without such help.

body on the tree." (John 6: 44-69: 1 The Institute mag a z i n e, The Peter 2: 24.) 5. Our Lord's physical !resurrection Reaper, finds its way into many from the dead, and His bodily presence lands for the promotion of Bible at the right hand of God, as our Priest and Advocate. (Acts 3: 12-26: John 20.) study, the cultivation of spiritual 6. The universality and heinousness of life, and the development of con- sin, and salvation by grace, "not of secrated service. Much Gospel litworks, lest any man should boast": sonship with God attained only by regenera- erature is scattered by students in tion through the Holy Spirit, and faith in their house-to-house visitation and Jesus Christ. (Romans 3: 10-26: Romans 6: 23.) open-air work. It is hoped that soon colportage 7. The personality and Deity of the Holy Spirit, Who came on the Day of work will be established to place Pentecost to indwell believers and to be the administrator in the Church of the good Biblical literature in the Lord Jesus Christ: and to reprove the hands of the people, and that evanworld of sin and of righteousness and of judgment. (Joel 2: 18-32: John 16: 8- gelistic campaigns may enable our own accredited evangelists to go 11; Acts 11: 1-24.) 8, The great commission given by our out to proclaim the unsearchable Lord to His Church to evangelize the world. (Matthew 28: 16-20: Acts 1: 8.) riches of Christ.

9. The second, visible, and imminent The New Zealand Bible Training coming of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Institute is a centre of Life, hav- ing within its walls those, who, Christ, to establish His world-wide Kingdom on the earth. (Matthew 24: 1; 1 when trained, are able to give to Thess. 4: 13-18.) 10. A heaven of eternal bliss for the every man a reason of the hope righteous and conscious and eternal punishment of the wicked. (2 Corinthians 5: that is in them and sending out for 1-10: Revelation, chapters 20, 21, and active service those who faithfully 22.) declare the truth of God, and with A departure from this position power preach the Word so as to is understood to be tantamount to prove it to be the "saviour of life a withdrawal from the active par- unto life." This work merits the ticipation in the work of the In- prayerful and practical support of stitute. the people of God.

CHRISTIANS LET THE

ALONE?

Editorial Reactions on the Atlantic City Conference H AVE Christians a debt to the Europe saw a new "Promised Jews or should we let them Land." Here they found freedom alone? from the restrictions of the "pale,"

There was a time when many and new opportunities for business who claimed to be Christians and for intellectual advancement.

thought that their logical, if not Few disabilities were attached to their theological, approach to the being a Jew in the new world, and Jew should be with sticks and in many circles they were received stones. In Europe, particularly, on equal terms with Gentile neigh- the Jew was despised and hated, bors. Wealth and power have added being looked upon as the natural to their prestige and thousands heir of all the curses that should have been advanced to positions of fall to the lot of those who cruci- high honor in business, education fied Jesus; their Messiah. But the and politics.

animosity was largely due to the But with separation from old re- fact that everywhere the Jew was ligious associations, and from so- an alien, a stranger in a strange cial restrictions and physical hard- land, with a foreign tongue, with ships, and with larger material peculiar dress and strange beliefs prosperity, multitudes of Jews, in and customs. In many places he their new land of liberty, have be- was segregated within a "pale" or come materialistic and irreligious.

a ghetto and did not mingle socially There are about five million Jews with the Christians. Persecuted, in North America today and not he was compelled to make a living more than one tenth of them are by driving hard bargains and to regular attendants at an orthodox beat Gentile competitors by the Jewish synagogue. Some have be- keenness of his wits. Many became come "Reformed Jews," without money lenders, bankers and mer- faith in the God of the Old Testa- chants and the greed for gold ment or in the coming of a prom- helped to make them cunning and ised Messiah. Others have joined shylockian. As a result the Jew the ranks of Christian or mental was misunderstood, suspected, science, Ethical Culture and other feared and hated by all "Chris- modern cults, while thousands tians"-their neighbors in particu- have become Christians.

lar. Hebrew traditions and training The questions arise, what reli- led them to reject Jesus as their gious duty has the Christian in Messiah and the treatment they re- America toward the Jew, what ceived persuaded them that the re- claim has the Jew upon the Chris- Jigion of Christ bred hatred and tian? The vast majority of the cruelty and contained no good Jews take the position that Chris- news, no revelation of God and no tians have no such duty and that way of life for them. the Jews should only be given a In America, the socially down- fair and equal opportunity to work trodden and persecuted Jews of out their own life and that no at- 516 tempt should be made to convince those who read papers and led dis- them that Christ is their promised cussions were Dr. Samuel M.

Messiah and Saviour. Zwemer of Princeton; Dr. Julius There are also Christians who Richter of Berlin; Bishop Nichol- oppose any right or duty to "prose- son of Detroit; Mr. Basil Mathews, lytize," or to do mission work author of "The Clash of World among the Jews, on the ground Forces" and other volumes; Dr.

that it is presumptuous. These James Black of Edinburgh; Mr.

claim that the only Christian ap- Kenneth Maclennan and Rev. C.

proach to the Jew should be to H. Gill of London; the Rev. Mr.

cultivate good will, to establish Carpenter of Warsaw; Dr. John friendly relations, to cooperate in McDowell of the Presbyterian the search for truth and in service Board of Home Missions; Dr. W.

to mankind. Douglas Mackenzie of Hartford; At Atlantic City, May 12 to 15, Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit; there met a very important confer- Dr. Paul deSchweinitz of the Mo- ence of Christian leaders to con- ravian Church and Dr. Samuel Mc- sider this question of "The Chris- Crea Caverl of the Federal Coun- tian Approach to the Jew"-espe- cil. Dr. John Stuart Conning is cially in North America. It was chairman of the American Section held under the auspices of the In- of the Jewish Department of the ternational Missionary Council and International Missionary Council was ably presided over by Dr. and Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., is John R. Mott. It followed and executive secretary. The Hebrew supplemented the 1928 conferences Christians present included the in Warsaw and Budapest, when the Rev. Max 1. Reich, the Rev. Paul questions considered related to the Morentz, the Rev. Henry Eins- Christian and the Jew in Europe. pruch, the Rev. Morris Zeidman of A carefully prepared program in- Toronto, and others. Gentile mis- cluded papers and open discussions sionaries to Jews also came from on such subjects as: The Validity Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, of a Christian Approach to the Philadelphia and Europe.

Jew; a Survey of American Jews A very valuable and extensive and Missions to Jews; The Jews preliminary survey, made by Mr.

in EUrope and their Relation to Charles H. Fahs of the Missionary America; Jewish and Christian Research Library, revealed the fact Relations; Christian Objectives in that the Jewish population of the a Ministry to the Jews; The Place United States and Canada has in- of the Jew in the Missionary Pro- creased in the past century from gram of the Church; The Local 16,000 (1826) to 4,228,029 (1927).

Church and Its Jewish Neighbors; It has more than doubled in the Jewish Converts; Training Jew- past twenty years. Twenty-five ish Leaders; Literature for Jews; cities in the United States each in- The Christian Message to the Jew, clude over 10,000 Jews in their and Cooperative Work for Jews. population.

The speakers and delegates in- Among these four and a quarter cluded some twenty or thirty He- million Jews in the United States brew Christians, pastors, editors, and 250,000 in Canada, there are beside Protestant laymen and only eleven Christian missions at women and executives. Among work in Canada and sixty-three in

the United States-in less than to them the God of their fathers thirty centers. This leaves over and the Messiah who is the fulfil- 160 centers where from one thou- ment of their highest hopes.

sand to thirty-three thousand Jews 4. The majority of Jews in reside, without any definite organ- America are not attendants at any ized effort to present to them synagogue and are fast drifting Jesus, their Messiah. Undoubt- into materialism, agnosticism and edly between three and four mil- atheism. They need to be brought lion Jews in America are practi- back to faith in God for their own cally untouched by definite Chris- sake and for the sake of their fel- tian evangelism. low men. All sinners need salvation.

5. The Jews are a virile race WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO JEWS? with remarkable intelligence, en- The purpose of the Atlantic City ergy and ability for leadership.

Conference was to discover the Many evil influences are at work true aim and objectives of Chris- tending to mislead them and, if tian witness to the Jewish people successful, will make them a men- of America and to consider how ace to society. It is a great oppor- this goal may be reached most ef- tunity and responsibility for Chris- fectively. That the Christian has tians to share with them all the a duty to the Jew is obvious on truth they have and to surround several grounds: them with the best, the most God- 1. Past persecution and antag- like influence. What a difference onism has misrepresented Christ it would have made if Karl Marx, and His Spirit and purpose so that Leon Trotsky and the leaders in Jews have been alienated from Russian atheistic communism had Him and from those who bear His been successfully brought under name. Christians owe it to them truly Christian influence.

to make up for past ill-treatment 6. The results of Christian work and misrepresentation and to make for Jews are an unanswerable ar- Jesus known in His true character, gument in its favor. While there mission and power. have been unworthy men and 2. Christians owe an inestima- women who have claimed to be- ble debt to the Jews for the Old come Christians, there are hun- Testament Scriptures and as the dreds of thousands who have found race through whom Christ came in Christ the fulfilment of their to reveal God and His way of life hopes and the answer to their for mankind. Jews were the first highest need. J. F. de Ie Roi, the missionaries of Christ to Gentiles. reliable historian, reports that 3. Christianity is not, in reality, 204,500 Jews became Christians in a religion alien to the Jews but is the nineteenth century alone.

the fulfilment of Judaism. Jesus These Hebrew Christians include said, "I came not to destroy but to leading statesmen, lawyers, physi- fulfill." (Mat. 5: 17.) He is pre- cians. scientists, historians, artists sented as the promised Messiah and Christian workers-men like and the Saviour of the world. Mis- Felix Mendelsohn, Alfred Edes- sion work among the Jews is there- heim, Johann Augustus Wilhelm fore not an effort to make "prose- Neander,Adolph Saphir, Benjamin lytes" or to alienate them from Disraeli, Samuel Schereschewsky, their ancient faith but is to reveal David Baron and others. There

SHALL CHRISTIANS LET THE JEWS ALONE?

are some 3,500 Hebrew Christians Since only fourteen, out of over of good standing in the Presbyte- one hundred, Protestant denomirian Church alone and many of nations in North America now them today are filling Protestant carryon organized work for Jews, pulpits. it is hoped that many more Chris- tian agencies will undertake such 7. God has, through Christ and work in some of the one hundred His Spirit, commissioned His fol- and sixty Jewish centers where lowers to carry His Gospel to none is now conducted. every creature-not excepting the Jews. Christ's disciples were sent THE NEXT STEPS "to the Jews first," and whenever the Christian Church has seemed The recommendations of the to forget her missionary responsi- Conference for making a more efbility, God has aroused her and fective Christian approach to the called forth missionaries to go to Jews in America include the folthe unevangelized. The Jews have lowing: first claim, not second claim, on Christ and His Gospel. The com- 1. Closer cooperation among all mand of Christ has never been evangelical agencies now engaged abrogated. . in this work. This is made possi- ble through the Jewish Depart- How shall the Gospel of Christ ment of the International Missionbe presented to Jews in America? ary Council and with the help of The conference confessed that the the able Executive Secretary, Dr. Spirit of Christ has often been mis- Conrad Hoffman, Jr., who will derepresented and that many wrong vote a large part of his time to methods and motives have been North America. used. Proselytizing was disapproved, if by this is meant an 2. A thorough study of the effort merely to increase the ad- whole situation, the aims, methods herents of one sect at the expense and needs. Preparation for this of another or to win converts in has already been made through the name, without true change of heart survey conducted by Mr. Charles and life. Any effort at bribery, or H. Fahs. subterfuge, any appeal to fear or to unworthy selfish motives, was 3. A careful study of the Chrisalso discredited. The one aim of tian literature prepared for Jews, Christian work among Jews is to with an elimination of that which make known to them, by word and has lost its effectiveness, a selec-' deed, Jesus as the true revelation tion of the best now available, and of God, their promised Messiah preparation of new books, songs and Lord and their personal Re- and leaflets to fill the present need. deemer from sin, its power and its penalty. 4. Arrangements for the train- ing of Christian leaders in Jewish Emphasis was put on winning mission work-both Hebrew and men to Christ through friendship, Gentile-so that they may be prethrough the manifestation of a pared to work acceptably among Christlike life, and through per- all classes. sonal witness to His power and the satisfaction found in Him. 5. Special attention to be given to the large number of Jewish stu- dents in American colleges and universities-some of which have 25% or more of this race.

6. The arousing of the Christian in Him their Messiah, their Savchurches, and of Christians every- iour and their Lord. where, to a new sense of obligation for promoting goodwill between Good News and Goodwill to the Jews and Gentiles and the privi- Jews, published in Toronto, says: lege of witnessing to Christ, in the Spirit of Christ, to Jewish neigh- THE BUSINESS OF THE CHRISbors. An effort to awaken denominational age n c i e s and local TIAN CHURCH Is churches to a sense of their respon- Not to Americanize sibility to so present Christ to Not to Canadianize Jews in America that they will see Not to Gentilize Not to Proselytize BUT TO EVANGELIZE THE JEWS.

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN The Story of Sabeti B. Rohold of Haifa SABETI BENJAMIN ROHOLD with Christians. In that beautiful was born at Jerusalem on Feb- spot, the so-called Garden of Geth- ruary 20, 1876, and died in semane, I one evening met two Cairo, Egypt, on February 14, servants of God who began speak- 1931. He was the son of Rabbi ing to me. At the time it seemed Naphthali Rohold, and while still that I had gone into the Garden a young man became a Christian. merely by accident, but now, as one He lived to become a valiant wit- looks back over the past, it can be ness for Christ, and a leader in clearly seen that a loving unseen the Hebrew-Christian movement Hand was guiding me. These two in Palestine and beyond. Christians explained to me from His father and mother found the Scriptures how that Jesus of deep satisfaction in their rabbini- Nazareth is in very deed the prom- cal ancestry and other religious ised Messiah, Israel's greatest associations, and they sought to hope. As they reasoned with me, train their family, of whom Sabeti there was one passage of Scripture was the youngest, in the way of which I could not get over, that Jewish tradition. According to 'The Sceptre shall not depart from custom they looked upon Chris- Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- tianity as a system of idolatry. tween his feet, until Shiloh come; Mr. Rohold himself wrote: and unto Him shall the gathering "Truly my parents loved me very of the people be.'

much, and did all in their power to "With this new light upon the educate me in what they believed Word of God I was given to under- to be right, and their one desire stand that the promises regarding was that I might occupy the seat the Coming One told not only of of my dear father, of which all my His glory and majesty, but also of teachers gave them full hope. Thus His suffering and death (Isa. 53 the early part of my life was spent and Ps. 22). Slowly I began to in study within the home circle. see how great and true Jehovah is, "It was in the year 1893 that I and how that His Divine Word re- had conversation for the first time garding the Messiah has been Iiter-

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN

ally fulfilled in Jesus Christ. I by the presence of Christ, and en- saw my helpless condition, and couraged by kind friends in Eng- realized, as never before, that my land, he kept on his way.

own righteousness was as filthy Not long after his conversion rags. And, oh, what joy came to Mr. Rohold came to England (in me when the gracious promise of 1897) and devoted himself to stud- God was fulfilled, a promise which ies in preparation for a missionary came to me now with such a new career among his own people.

meaning, 'a new heart also will I Mter some time in England, he give you, and a new spirit will I entered the Bible Training Insti- put within you; and I will take tute at Glasgow; and later took up away the stony heart out of your active service, being for ten years flesh, and I will give you a heart of Superintendent of the Bonar Me- flesh. And I will put my Spirit morial Mission to the Jews in Glas- within you.' (Ezk. 36: 26, 27). gow. He then went to Canada, at Having, then, accepted Jesus the call of the Presbyterian Church Christ as my own personal Sa- of the Dominion, and there he viour, I began to wish that my founded in Toronto the first He- own loved ones might know Him, brew-Christian Synagogue. He whom to know is life eternal. But was one of two Hebrew-Christian I feared to tell them of my new- delegates to the World Missionary found treasure, and it is impos- Conference at Edinburgh in 1910.

sible for me to describe the unrest From Canada he went to Haifa, and agony of soul that I passed in 1919, and with great energy, he through in consequence." built wisely and well on the foun- In answer to prayer for guid- dation of a small mission begun by ance, Rohold received as from the the late D. C. Joseph. As the years Lord Himself the word given to have passed, friends of the British Abraham of old :-"Get thee out Jews Society have followed with of thy country." (Gen. 12: 1.) It deep interest and sympathy the de- was a hard command to obey, but velopment of plans that have throwing himself upon the prom- meant great things in the vindica- ises of God, he started on a jour- tion of Christian witness in Pales- ney westward, at length arriving tine in times of unexampled sig- in England as a perfect stranger, nificance in the history of the Jew- not knowing the language, and ish people.

having no earthly friend. Rela- The work at Haifa, owed every- tives in Jerusalem urged him to thing under God to Mr. Rohold's return, and his father declared power of organization and admin- that his conduct would "bring istration, his leadership, and his down his grey hairs in sorrow to devotion to the Cause of Christ and the grave." Sustained, however, Israel.

"Now abides Faith"-the faith in God our Father in Heaven; the faith in Jesus Christ our Saviour; the faith in spiritual realities, the faith in life beyond the grave.

"Now abides Hope"-the hope in a brighter, better future; the hope for mankind and for the Church, based on the power and purpose of God.

"Now abides Love"-the love that Christ manifested; the love that serves rather than seeks to be served: the love that sacrifices self in order to save others.

OF THE

"The Nerve of Missions" Father; His knDwledge ''Of the "IDst" and shepherdless conditiDn 'Of men and One often hears that certain beliefs the o.nly way out 'Of that cDndition; and practices "cut the nerve of mis- and His love that led Him to live and siDns." Before making this as·sertiDn labor, to suffer and die for them. it may be well to inquire "What is the nerve of missiDns?" What is the vital The "nerve 'Of missions" in the case impulse, the controlling pDwer that of the Apostle Paul was the "love of stimulates and keeps alive Christian Christ"; it had its roots in faith in missionary activity? God and in His provision for the res- The great aim of missions is to cue of man from sin and its conse- win men tD GDd and His Way of Life quences. LDyalty to Christ moved the thrDugh Jesus Christ and Hi.s Gos- ApDstle to 'Obedience tD the Great pel. A necessary part of this prDgram CommissiDn; his personal experience is careful instruction in Christ's ideals made him a debtDr tD share his treasand program so as tD win men's sym- ure with 'Others; the sense of men's pathetic and intelligent cooperation dire need and the tove of Christ in in carrying 'Out all the implications his heart drDve him fDrward on his and consequences of His teachings. mission, regardless of DPPDsition, dis- But is this aim necessary to stimu- cDmfDrt or danger.

late the "nerve 'Of missiDns"? It is Shall we test 'Our motives, 'Our ef- acknowledged that many diverse mD- forts and our program by these stand- tives have led gDDd men and women ards? There are some cDlleges and intD the mission field-a lDve of novel- schools in mission lands, founded as ty and adventure; a desire to serve Christian missiDnary enterpries, that where the general need is greatest; have apparently IDst sight 'Of their the fDrce 'Of a perSDnality that makes main purpose. Their "nerve of mis- the appeal for helpers; a sense of duty sions" has been cut by a desire for or a false idea 'Of the true nature 'Of government subsidies, by an effDrt tD missiDnary work. The same mDtives maintain high S'cholastic standards; may lead one tD give mDney tD mis- by the appeal of numbers; by fear of siDns or tD establish a mi&siDnary in- criticism and to.S8 of influence. A stitution. larger number of missiDn schools and These are nDt the motives t'O which colleges, like the college 'Of Teheran.

Christ appeals. The basis 'On which Persia, and the UniDn Christian Col- He rests the whDle enterprise cDnsists lege 'Of PYe'Ilgyang, Korea, have put of three facts-first, GDd's love fDr aside these temptations and have- kept mankind and His prDvisiDn 'Of salva- alive their great evangelizing purpose.

tiDn thrDugh Jesus Christ; secDnd, There are some mission hDspitals persDnal experience of God and 'Of His where the "nerve 'Of missions" seems saving pDwer; and third, a deep CDn- tD have been cut by putting first victiDn that the supreme need o.f all scientific efficiency; by the effort to.

men is Christ and His Gospel, and a give medical service tD SD many pa- deep desire to. share with them the tients that the missiDn staff has no unique and lifegiving benefits. time for evangelizing, or by fear less The "nerve of missiDns" fDr Christ they be accused 'Of using medicine and himself ·seems to be clearly his great surgery to bribe patients to accept purpose tD carry out the will 'Of the Christian teachings. Many more hDS- 522

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

pitals, like that at Dohnavur, India, to help carry the Good News to every and others, work amid great difficul- creature. ties but, by prayer and testimony, seek first of all to win men and women to Life and power in the "nerve of Christ while ministering to their missions" depend more than anything bodies. else on the vital connection of the Branch with the Vine, the individual True followers of Christ, whether member with the Head, Jesus Christ. in America or in foreign lands, desire to live dynamic lives. They despise College Gospel Teams in Asia lifeless conventionalism. Every Christian who is spiritually alive and walks Student evangelism is growing in with Christ feels spiritual warmth and the mission fields. The idea of college a desire to win others. He knows that Gospel teams began in Burma and ha.s the only hope for true life, with joy spread to Siam, India and Korea. In and power, is in Christ, and so he is some colleges the results have been eager to share his knowledge with remarkable, according to the testimony non Christians. of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, W. E. S. Holland and others. New life has been There is great cause for encourage- awakened, the joy is contagious and ment that in most of the mission new Christian leaders are developed fields there are signs of a new awak- among the students. ening and empha.sis on the need for evangelism. Missionaries and native In Lucknow Christian College In- Christians everywhere are saying that dia, the members of the Gospel team, without evangelism, carried on with on student initiative and without misspiritual power, there will be no prog- sionary direction, spent many hours in res,s. In Egypt, India and other lands conference and prayer and then held special periods of the year are set a communion and consecration service. apart for intensive evangelistic effort. They adopted as their motto: "Serv- In India the Christians have stated as ice," and as the basis of their work: their objectives (1) every Christian "Friendship with God and with praying and witnessing to win non- others." Their ideal is expressed in Christians; (2) special teams visiting "Purity in word, thought, action, heart markets, railway statIons, schools, and character." Anyone who knows shops and homes; (3) public preach- India knows what a great contrast ing, singing and distribution of Chris- there is between these ideals and the tian literature by minister,s and lay teachings and practices of Hinduism workers; (4) Christian me.las and and of Islam. processions to attract public attention; (5) above all-continued public and But the Lucknow Gospel team does private prayer, by individuals and not seem to go far enough. They emgroups, that God will prepare and phasize externals. Among the rules guide the workers and the hearers, adopted for members are: Obedience and will bring home His message with to coIl e g e rules; cleanliness of power for the conversion of many. thought, word and deed; full and hearty cooperation; avoidance of The "nerve of missions" is cut by amusements of which Christ would ignorance, selfi'shness and sin. When not approve; respect for womanhood; the nerve is cut we experience the observance of the "morning watch." effects in a loss of vision of God and of man's supreme need of Him; a loss The pledge taken by members of of hearing that deafens us to the call the Lucknow team is as follows: of God; a loss of sensitiveness to our own hlessings received through Christ, Trusting in God to help me, I promise and indifference to the sufferings and to abide by the principles of the Gospel fate of those out of Christ; and there Team and sincerely endeavor to put into is a loss of motive power to impel us practice its ideals throughout my life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean

in thought, word and deed; to maintain denominaHonal constituencies to which brotherly love; to treat all women Il;nd girls with respect and honor, and to Wlll- they can appeal for support. They ingly accept punishment for any breach also put especial emphasis on prayer of Gospel Team rules. as the means of securing funds and While the purpose and plan of the workel's and usually have much less promotional machinery than the decollege team is commendable, this -statement as to the ideals and princi- nominational boards. The term "Faith Missions" has not ples of the association are u~fortu­ nately lacking in clear expreSSiOn .of been assumed by these missions themloyalty to Christ, the need of the hfe selves but has been given them by the that He offers or dependence upon Christian public to designate their the Holy Spirit for guidance and pow- policy regarding the financial support of their work. They hold the coner to win others to God. If this is not the basis and the power for the team viction that, through the voluntary of- ferings of His people, and in answer and its members; if it is chiefly a movement to promote personal purity to believing prayer, God will supply the needs of the work which is carand brotherhood, then it has no right ried on in obedience to Christ's comto be called a "Gospel Team" and comes short of being wholly Christian. mission. These societies do not resort to the method of raising money by Vital relation to Christ is a prime re- public appeal, nor do they borrow or quisite and. cannot be taken for go into debt. All in the "Interdenomgranted. If the omission of acknowl- inational Foreign Mission Association" edgment of entire dependence on must have an annual audit and pubIi-sh Christ and the Spirit of God is an an approved financial statement. oversight, then it should be corrected by mature and intelligent Christian – These societies also emphasize evanleadership. The College Gospel teams geJi.sm rather than general education of Burma and Korea have proved their as a method of missionary work; they loyalty to Christ and their spiritual adopt a strict doctrinal creed and acpower to lead others to Him. No less cept the Bible as the inspired Word definitely Christian aim and depend- of God. Living faith in Christ and ence can prove satisfactory. Why can His atonement for sin is accepted as we not have similar Gospel teams go- the only basis of man's ,salvation. ing out from Christian colleges in While some of these missi'Ons have America? not proved successful, their work, as a rule, has been richly blessed and Dependent Independent Mis- their dependence on God for support has proved to be practical. sions* The China Inland Mission, one- of Some of the most effectual evan- the oldest operated on this basis, has gelistic pioneer mission work has been been in existence for over sixty-five started and conducted on undenomi- years, another has operated for seventy national, independent or "faith" lines. years. The total income of fifteen mis- Among theBe societies are the China sions, that report for the last year, Inland Mission, the Africa Inland Mis- reached the sum of $2,029,436. The sion and some twenty others with E)stimated value of their property in headquarters in North America. They the various fields is $1,859,500 and the are not more dependent on God or number of foreign missionaries supmore conducted on "faith" than are ported by them last year was 2,208. many denominational societies, but they are unique in that they have no The Kwato Mission of Papua is onf of the younger undenominational mis- ~oklet giving facts about some of these sions. It includes Christians of many evangelical churches in its fellowship societies has recently been put out by the In- of praying and giving partners. It is terdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America (11~ Fulton Street, New wholly dependent 'On God for guidance, York).

1981J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for the supply of every need and for in the republic of Turkey; the Gos- success. Founded by Rev. Chas. W. pel of Mark in Aymara (an Indian Abel, among Cannibals, forty years tribe of Bolivia); the Gospel of Luke ago, a fine, strong, spiritual church has in handwritten Arabic script repro- been built up in Eastern Papua and is duced by photography to disarm the evangelizing the district. prejudice of conservative Moslems The fields where these missions op- against the typeset form of Arabic; erate are -scattered throughout the and the Acts of the Apostles in Chey- world, most of them lying in the in- enne.

terior of the continents of Asia, During the year 4,142 embossed Africa and Latin America. Stress is volumes of Scriptures in Braille and laid upon pioneer work in unevangel- other systems for the blind set a new ized territory. Some of the most dis- record for Bible distribution in this tant missionary outposts in the world form of Scripture. The Bible in whole are occupied by these agencies. or in part has now been translated into 906 languages and dialects.

Is the Bible Out of Date? But to sell or distribute large num- bers of Bibles and Testaments is one During 1930 the American Bible thing and to make sure that these Society distributed 12,035,133 Bibles, Scriptures are read, understood, be- Testaments and P.ortions, the largest lieved and obeyed is another. There in any year in the Society's history. are many unmistakable evidences The translation, publication, and dis- that the Bible is more in demand and tribution last year was in 285 lan- is more widely and thoughtfully read guages. In the United States also the than any other book. It is unfortu- Society reports the largest circulation nately true, however, that the Bible is in its history-four million volumes widely neglected and disregarded by in 135 different languages-more than those who profess to believe in it as a fourfold increase in ten years. the basic source of the Chri,stian re- The Society promoted Scripture dis- ligion. Even in our churches, an in- tribution in thirty-six countries and creasing number of preachers are tak- in addition cooperated with mission- ing their messages from literature, ary societies by making grants of politics, business and social life rather funds and of Scriptures in twelve than from the Bible. In too many European countries. A decline in cir- Sunday-schools less, rather than more, culation abroad below that of 1929 attention is given to Bible teaching occurred in China and Japan but there than formerly and while books about were substantial increases in Siam, in the Bible are increasing, many of them the Philippine Islands, and in the Le- are destructive of faith and fail to vant. G€neral Chang Chih-Kiang for bring out the spiritual teachings.

the third time made a large personal Some schools and colleges are syste- contribution toward the sale and dis- matically undermining faith.

tribution of Bibles in China. In Mex- The result of this neglect and mis- ico there was an increase of twenty- representation is seen in the modern five per cent and the revolution in downward trend in morals. The great Brazil afforded an opportunity for need .of today is not only the wide dis- distribution to soldiers in camps and tribution of the Christian Scriptures , hospitals. but a more earnest and effective move- The year 1930 witnessed publication ment on the part of preachers, teach- ~ for the first time of the following ers, colporteurs, missionaries and par- Scriptures: The Gospel of John in ents to increase interest in Bible Mam (an Indian tribe in Central reading, clearer understanding of its America); the Gospel of Matthew in meaning, more observance of its teach- Turkish in a new version and in Ro- ings and greater devotion to the Christ man characters now required by law who is the central theme. Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A MISSIONARY CANDLE LIGHTING When the first girl, representing SERVICE-Adapted October, comes down the aisle, a con- (This admits of changes to suit local cealed choir, accompanied by the or- conditions.) ganist or pianist, sings softly two verses of "Bringing in the Sheaves." Instructions: As audience arrives, The music for the rest of the months give each one a candle inserted in a is indicated below. These are only round piece of pasteboard to catch suggestions and other music may be drippings, and a copy of the hymn substituted. Start early to find your "The Light -of the World Is Jesus," hymns, for you may have to look also the following word of explanation: through many old hymnals to find This Candle Lighting Service is one some of them. "The Light of the in which we will all take part. The World Is Jesus," the first line of which large lighted candle represents Christ, is "The whole world was lost in the the Light of 'the World. It is placed darkness of sin"; is published in upon the Bible, the foundation of our "The Methodist Sun day S c h 0 0 I church. Twelve girls, representing the Hymnal." twelve unsullied months of the year, will state briefly some of the objectives of the Let October speak, lighting her Woman's Foreign Society and tell how candle as she does so, then step' to the the year may be kept pure for Christ right of the table. November should and the Church. They light their candles go to the left, December to the right, from this symbolic light of Christ and etc., until the 12 girls make a semi- carry that light to the persons sitting circle facing the audience. in the ends of each row. Those having lighted their small candles from the light After the last girl has spoken the which comes from Christ pass it on to girls go out into the audience, light- -the persons next to them and they on to ing the candles of the persons nearest others until every candle in the room is the aisles. Plan carefully for this part lighted. of the program so that each girl knows exactly where she is to go, and how Then will be sung the hymn, "The the girls are to assemble at the rear Light of the World is Jesus," during that they may come back to the front which time the audience remains seated. again in order and dignity. Each girl Each time the phrase "The Light of the must see that the candle she lights World is Jesus" is sung, everyone is lights the candle beyond, and so on. asked to raise their candle high, lowering it at the end of the phrase. When the semicircle is formed again at the front and all the candles Please keep your candle lighted, and in the room are lighted, then shall be when the choir begins singing the second sung, "The Light of the World Is verse of the hymn, "The Way of the Cross Leads Home," the audience will silently leave the room carrying the lighted candles out into the night.

Setting Jesus." As the phrase "The Light of the World is Jesus" is sung, let the Place a table in the center of the girls lead off in raising the candles room with a rich velvet covering on high, and the audience follows the it. Upon the table place a large Bible, example. The candles are lowered and on the Bible your candle stick, in simultaneously at the end of the which is a tall taper. Have in the phrase.

room no other light than this one At the conclusion of the last verse taper. of this hymn, the cross is formed.

526

METHODS FOR WORKERS

This must be carefully wDrked out and Order for Verses rehearsed beforehand for the success of the service depends upDn the im- 12 pressiveness of this part. The removal 11 of the table and the assembling of 10 necessary equipment must be done 8 65 79 quietly and without any confusiDn. Do 4 not extinguish the candle representing 3 Christ although it may be moved SD 2 that it does not interfere with the 1 cross formation. The first girl sits Verses: crosslegged on the flo.or, the second kneels behind her just as close as 1. "I am the Light of the World." possible, the third kneels on a stoDI, 2. "He that followeth me shall not and the fourth probably stands. See that each girl's chin comes just above walk in darkness but shall have the head of the one in front of her. the light of life." Numbers 5 to 9 form the arms of the 3. "In him was life, and the life cross; and 10, 11 and 12 the top. was the Light of men." The boxes and finally the table on 4. "That was the true light which which the girls stand may be carefully lighteth every man coming into concealed by' a white covering. These the world." sketchy directions will enable you to 5. "He that doeth the truth cometh use your own ingenuity in so arrang- to the light." ing the girls that their hands form a 6. "They that sat in darkness have perfect cross. seen a great light, on them hath the light shined." Each girl holds directly under her 7. "The Lord shall be to thee an chin a flash light which has been everlasting light." covered with thin white paper twisted 8. "Come, let us walk in the light of to a point at the top. When all the the Lord." girls are in place the first girl turns 9. "While ye have the light, believe on her light and repeats verse No. 1. in the light." When she has finished she leaves her 10. "Ye are the Light of the world." light on, and No.2 turns on her light 11. "Let YDur light so shine before and repeats verse N,o. 2, and that men that they may see your good process goes on till all the lights are works." on and all the girls have given a verse 12. "God forbid that I should glory of Scripture about light. save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ." The beauty of the lighted human cross is in the absolute motionless- The Messages of the Months ness of the girls until the audience has left the room. The whole effect may be October-Music, "Bringing in the ruined by the turning of a hand or Sheaves." the tilting of a flash light. October is the month in which the After the last girl has spoken, "In Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Cross of Christ I Glory." might be starts her year. How fitting it is at sung as a solo by someone not visible this harvest season when we are bringto the audience. This may be followed ing in the sheaves and enjoying the by the choir singing, "The Way of the fruits .of our labors, that we rededicate Cross Leads Home" as the audience ourselves anew with a forward look departs. to the year ahead. Because of the joy we have found in sharing our religion Costumes: White robes and Gre- with the less fortunate women of cian headbands of white ribbon. other nations, we crave for others this opportunity for rendering service and so we seek at this time new members

for our Society. I light my candle to- candles tonight for I represent night in recognition of the 600,000 Stewardship-the stewardship 'Of members wha are working tagether to Prayer, 'Of Personality, and of Possend the Gospel to the 'One billiDn non- sessions. Let us give generously 'Of Christian WDmen in 'Other lands. 'Our time, our talents, and 'Our mDney.

November-Music, "Come Ye Thank- February-Music, "America."

ful Peaple, Come." I (lome representing the shartest When November CDmes and the and yet in SDme respects the greatest crDps are gathered in, we WhD are the mDnth 'Of the year for Americans. pilgrims' children will CDme in the FDr this is the month wherein we celespirit of Thanksgiving tD the House brate the birthdays 'Of the great 'Of the Lord bringing with us 'Our Father of our CDuntry, George Washsmall share tD add to that 'Of 'Others. ington, and the name 'Of the SaviDur What a glad Thanksgiving it will be if of the UniDn, Abraham LinC'Oln. That the two and 'One-half milliDn dollars 'Of their names and fame may nDt perish last year's gifts and the added dues of from the earth I this night light my new members bring us tD a three mil- candle at the altar from whence they lion dDllar goal. May GDd's blessing received their inspiratiDn and light. rest upon us in those wDrds as I light As lDng as America keeps this light my candle-"Well dDne gDod and faith- shining befDre men, SD lDng will she ful servant.". be the leader of men and 'Of natiDns December-Music, "Joy to the World." toward that fair city whDse founda- tions are laid in righteousness and When bleak December comes with equity, whDse builder and maker is its shortened days and IDng evenings God. As we pay tribute to the past let us sit by the fireside and in the may we lDDk fDrward tD 'Our church glDW 'Of the lamplight read frDm the ·of tomDrrDw whose leade.rship will pages 'Of 'Our missionary paper the CDme from our college halls. That the graphic descriptions and effective in- student wDrld may better know Him terpretatiDns of our great missionary who is the SDurce of all life, may we cause. The infDrmation and inspira- each aim to touch the life of SDme coltion will stimulate our Christmas mis- lege student with a message 'Of our sionary offering. No library table is WDrk. cDmplete withDUt this magazine. Dur- ing this mDnth we celebrate the birth March-Music, "Faith of Our Fa- of Him who is the Light of Life, the ther'S."

Giver 'Of every gDDd and perfect gift. March is a holy month in the Chris- Let not the activity 'Of the Christmas tian calendar. It is the time f.or re- seaSDn dim 'Our vision 'Of Christ and membering the passiDn and sacrifice His Love. His words "Peace 'On earth, 'Of 'Our LDrd. And SD in this month gODd will toward men" challenge us, some 'Of the di·sciples. of the Kingdom as we light the Christmas candle, ever were inspired to found a great society to look 'Outward toward men and up- fDr the uplifting 'Of the womanhoDd 'Of ward tDward GDd. the wDrld. I light my candle in CDm- January-Music, "Another Year memDratiDn 'Of Founder's Day of the Dawning." Woman's Foreign Missionary Society honoring thDse nDble women who near- I am the month 'Of new resDives and ly sixty years agD caught the vision fresh beginnings. In the 'Old pagan frDm the light of Christ's CDuntenance. mythDlDgy men spDke of me as the doorkeeper of heaven. Yet this I know, Aprilr–Music, "Rejoice Ye Pure in that unless men light the torch of Heart."

their hDpeS at the Source 'Of all true April's resurrection Scene recalls tD light, all their resDlving will but lead us the JDYDUS fact 'Of this strDng fDun- tD utter darkness. SD I light three datiDn of 'Our faith. In this mDnth we

METHODS FOR WORKERS

sing the songs of triumph which pro- undimmed to a little child who in turn claim that our Christ is an ever-living will prove a Light Bearer for the Saviour. We also rejoice because so Saviour. many answered that command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gos- July-Music, "0 Beautiful for Spapel to every creature." That our seven cious Skies." hundred missionaries may know how gratefully we appreciate the sacrifices To all Americans July is the nourthat they are making, we give a joyous ishing month of patriotism. We glory and liberal Thank Offering at this in the fact that we are a free nation. time to further carryon the great But let us beware lest our patriotism work of building the Kingdom of G.od degenerate into a narrow provincialin other lands. I light this candle ism. It is easier for a nation to be with a prayer that Stewardship of selfl·sh than for that nation to be spirit- Giving may soon send light into all ual. I would have the good of America dark places. crowned with brotherhood from sea to shining sea. Those.of us who have May-Music, "Let the Lowe.r Lights been privileged to enjoy mountain-top Be Burning." experiences appreciate the importance of setting aside a week in this busy In the ancient time, so the Hebrew month each year to learn more about story runs, God ,created the heavens other nations with whom we hope to and the earth and all that is therein. share our Christ. America the beauti- On completing His great task, He ful will remain America the glorious looked abroad and declared that it was only as she lets the light of the Lord very good. It is appropriate in this shine upon the Stars and Stripes. That month when nature is creating beauty this light shall not fail throughout the everywhere that we honor the mothers coming year, I take my light from of mankind. Let us pause in our mis- Him who is the Lord of lords and sionary effort and combine our pro- King of kings. grams with those of our daughters who march as the Standard Bearers of August-Music, "0 Day of Rest and the King. Tonight I light my candle Gladness." for the mothers and daughters who walk side by side, a common purpose I corne calling the sons of men from in their goals, that of making Christ the fields of toil to the temple .of the live in the hearts and lives of men. open-air, where God dwelleth in the wide open spaces. For truly to those June-Music, "Shepherd of Tender whose light of life is lit at the light of Youth." Chri,st, the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his June is the month of roses and of handiwork. Yet in the month of homemaking, for love and beauty ever August many who g·o on vacation leave should be mates. Yet roses can wither the path of rectitude, for they see and love can die and the light of June naught of the God who paints the wayturn to the darkness of doom. Not so, side lily and the sunset heavens. Thus however, will it be for those who have the light which they have is but darkthe light of the world upon the altar ness still. So when to the temple hills of their homes. you go, add the light of Christ to the light of day, and joy that is rich and In this month we will plant a garden free shall be yours, for you will have with love and hope, and in it we will him for company in whose hand are put little children. Christ said, "Suf- pleasures f.or evermore. fer the little children to come unto me fur of such is the Kingdom of September-Music, "Be Strong." Heaven." During this month the great com- And so I light my candle tonight pany of missionary giVers open their with a prayer that I may pass it on 4

mite boxes and lay their treasures at to' start with. A picture of Miss Wa- the feet of the Master. The thousands kuyama, the first Christian kinder- of dollars these little boxes reveal each garten teacher in Japan, and a story year are a testimony to the loving of what she has done with the little loyalty of countless sacrificial givers. ones of her land will touch the heart In this month when we honor the of any mother. Such pictures may be men of toil and ascribe dignity to labor used on place cards, or in Bible class room, or anywhere adult eyes will let us reconsecrate ourselves 00 the rest. work of the Lord in loving service and Touch with the Home increase our gifts in gratitude to Him who has provided so abundantly for Most of us realize that home attius. With this pledge I light my candle. tudes have more effect upon a child As we close this missionary cycle may than anything the leader of an organiwe renew and strengthen our work on zation may teach. Keeping in touch with the home and changing the every line. mother's atttitude is most important REAOHING ADULTS THROUGH if the child is to be kept interested in POSTERS missionary work. Be sure that the in- Very often our posters, however ef- vitations and greeting cards sent to fective, fail to reach those for whom his home are of the kind that will they are intended because of the place influence the parents. Missionary in which they' are posted. If your birthday cards with a real missionary church has a nursery, or mother's rest message mailed to each child on his birthday will naturally reach the room, be sure to post effective placards mother's eye. on its walls. To reach the fathers, use the men's club room and the men's The songa that he carries home Bible classroom for your posters. must not ,only be missionary in spirit but must also be accurately memorized Suggestions for Posters so that the mother listening to the If your Junior Missionary organi- words may unconsciously receive a zation includes cradle roll age groups a missionary message.

poster with the words- The handwork which he carries FROM MOTHER'S ARMS TO (name of home must also bear testimony to the organization) spirit of missions.

Use an attractive picture of a baby Most important of all is the prayer to catch a mother's eye. life of the child. Many a parent has been led to take an interest in people Pictures of boys of athletic age will of a different race through the earnest interest a father. These words with prayers which the child pours out an attractive picture may be used: nightly for his friends across the sea.

EVERY WEEK Is BoYS' WEEK IN (name The stories which he will undoubtedly of organization) tell at home also have an immeasura- A flight of stairs leading to an open bly .stl'ong effect upon the parents.

church door into which children are Stories entering with the words: Presentation by the teacher of mis- STEPS TO EFFICIENT CHURCH sionary stories and books to the child MEMBERSHIP (name of organization) is often a means to the desired end as the parent, or adult in the home, often Use of Pictures reads the story to the child. Selection Sometimes pictures may bring home of these stories is most important.

to parents the need of missionary Every Board, as well as the Mission- training and its importance in the life ary Education Movement in New York of the child. Any good picture of deals in such books and most Boards Christ with the children is effective have catalogues which are easily se-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

cured and which will help in the selec- When in India, I was invited to at- tion of the pr'Oper stories. tend the dedicati'On of a beautiful tem- Missi'Onary story-telling is 'One 'Of ple of Christian worship. The c'Ongrethe m'Ost effective methods f'Or reach- gation, which filled that temple at the ing the adult. The important p'Oint, dedication, was started years ag'O with however, is that the story be told eight believers, saved fr'Om starvation where the disinterested adult will be by famine relief workeJ:1s, and was reached. Telling missi'Onary st'Ories drawn from an outcast community; at missIOnary gatherings is not now, a great host, they were rejoicing en'Ough. Sunday-scho'Ols, Daily Vaca- before the Lord in a fine stone buildti'On Bible Sch'Ools and Week-day Re- ing, worthy 'Of any c'Ongregation in the ligi'Ous Schools are splendid channels United States, and best 'Of all, it was thr'Ough which the missi'Onary story- provided by their own self-denying 'Oftelling may be used for the child. T'O ferings. This is a church of which reach the adult, h'Owever, 'Other places every member dedicates to the Lord a must be bJ:1ought into use. A mission- proporti'On-in most cases, at least a ary-minded adult can use st'Ories ef- tenth of the income, meagre though it fectively in clubs, adult 'Organizati'Ons is in alm'Ost every ca-se. At Medak, in the heart of the most and adult classes 'Of many kinds. The populous Moslem state of all India, the -stories must of course be selected t'O D'Ominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad, touch the adult heart. St'Ories ab'Out has recently risen a Christian church children, rather than children's stories, which is the wonder of all that part 'Of are necessary for this purpose. the world. Christmas Day a great c'On- THE LEVER THAT LIFTS THE gregation dedicated their h'Ouse 'Of WORLD worship with sacrificial giving and re- joicing like that which made mem'O- By DR. DAVID MCCONAUGHY rable the dedication of the temple of That was a shrewd old Grecian phi- old. The chairman said: l'Osopher who is credited with having "Through ten long years you have made some such remark as this: "Give toiled and saGrificed that you might me a place where I can rest a l'Ong rejoice this day. Do you regret the enough lever and I can lift the earth." 50,000 Rupees (equivalent in purchas- What Archimedes vainly dreamed 'Of, ing power to considerably more than Jesus actually set ab'Out bringing to 50,000 d'Ollars) that your l'Oving hearts pass. That place was Calvary; that have 'Offered?"

lever was the Cross, and, assuredly 'Our The people responded: "Victmy t'O Lord is lifting the l'Ost w'Orld back t'O Jesus; may his kingdom c'Ome."

G'Od. And all wh'O w'Ork t'Ogether with White-capped nurses, school boys him t'O lift the IQad 'Of the world's sin, and school girls, rescued famine waifs, are members 'Of his br'Otherhood. "He started the l'Ong processi'On to the that doeth the will 'Of God, the same is front 'Of the church with offerings.

my br'Other." But the world's Saviour Last of all, came an old woman, un- cann'Ot be content with anything less noticed by the others; but the Lord than lifting the whole w'Orld; and it himself, who watched the givers in the takes a wh'Ole gospel to save a whole Temple at Jerusalem, again saw a wid- world. Is it n'Ot because the church 'Ow, as she t'Ottered t'Oward the altar has had but a partial gospel, that she rail and placed her love gift 'Of three has lacked lifting p'Ower? As she re- pice (one cent) on the altar.

c'Overs the full-orbed G'Ospel of Him Such 'Object less'Ons as these are t'O- who not 'Only died, but rose again with kens 'Of the mighty lifting p'Ower 'Of all power and fearlessly applied His Christ who is changing n'Ot only indi- G'Ospel t'O the wh'Ole of life, including viduals but whole congregati'Ons int'O p'Ossessi'Ons as well as pers'Onality, w'Orthy stewards of the manifold grace w'Onderful results inevitably fQllow. 'Of G'Od.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America PROTESTANT CHURCH WOMEN carried on in cooperation with the UNITE IN SERVICE Missionary Education Movement.

A Statemf'ut by the Presidents of the Fed- Church agencies are not static; eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- the same broadening of interest that sion,s of North America, Council of Women for has come to women generally has Home Missions and National Council of Feder- touched the women's mLssionary orated Church Women.

Following the Ecumenical Confer- ganizations of the churches, and has ence on Foreign Missions held in New been reflected in the topics forming York City in 1900 there was organized part of the programs. the first woman's interdenominational group, known as the Central Commit- Christian social service, law Dbtee on the United Study of Foreign servance, Christian citizenship, indus- trial, race and international relations Missions, whkh body for thirty year·s and other interests have become vital has published foreign mission study issues, and many women's church orbooks. The fellowship thus developed ganizations are considering them in among church women led in 1915 to addition to the mission work of their the formation of the Federation of own denominations; some societies, Woman's Boards of F'Oreign Missions adding these newer responsibilities to of North America which now has in those already assumed, have become its membership twenty-nine denomi- associatIons or federations. national women's boards of foreign Christian citizenship, however, and missions of the United States and Canada. This body unitedly consid- these other interests are not denomi- national tasks, but common to all ers the whole task of Foreign Mis- Christian women, so it was natural sions, provides Christian literature that, seeking strength in unity, the for mission lands and stimulates in- women's organizations of the IDcal terest in the Women's Union Chris- churches of a community have in a tian Colleges of the Orient. number of places united to form local interdenominational councils or fed- United study of Home Missions was erations, through which Christian begun in 1903 through a committee representative of women's home mis- women might express themselves in sion boards, which led to the organiza- influence and service.

tion in 1908 'Of the Council of Women For years both the Council of Womfor Home Missions, which now has in en for Home Missions and the Federits membership twenty-four denomi- ation of Woman's Hoards of Foreign national boards of the United States Missions had contact with local interand Canada. This body unitedly denominational groups, the earliest of stUdies the efforts put forth for Chris- which were organized as long as tianizing America and furthers the twenty-five or thirty years ago. Un- joint interests of its constituent der the impetus of the Foreign Misbodies through publicity and special sion Jubilee, many more came into social welfare projects, notably work existence. They were generally among Migrants, and Religious Edu- named "Women's Church and Miscation in Government Indian Schools. sionary Union" ; later the name, In recent years the publication of ''Women's Church and Missionary home mission study books has been Federation" was used. As newer 532 groups with more inclusive programs the National Council of Federated increased in number, both the Coun- Church Women met in joint session cil and the Federation gradually en- in March, 1930, and approved the follarged the scope of their activities to lowing recommendations: include these new interdenominational groups and through a Joint Commit- That an Advisory Relationships Comtee on Women's Church and Mission- mittee be appointed; that its duties be ary Federations assisted them in their to study the programs of the three ornew undertakings. By 1928 about ganizations, plan for the approach to the fourteen hundred local interdenomi- local interdenominational groups, pronational groups had been formed. gressively discover the work that can be done together, and make recommenda- In December, 1925, the Council of tions; that the committee consist of Women for Home Missions and the three members of each of the three or- Federation of Woman's Boards of ganizations, one of whom in each case be Foreign Missions cooperated in the the president. first conference of representatives of the interdenominational groups. This Upon the ratification of these recmeeting in Pittsburgh was followed ommendations by the three organizaby annual conferences, the purpose be- tions in separate session, the Ading to stimulate the organization of visory Relationships Committee was other similar groups, and to secure appointed. In formulating a plan of greater effe'ctiveness in service by cooperation, the committee bore in Protestant women through unified mind the following principles: planning of their efforts. (1) That the establishment the world In 1927 the Council of Women for around of a Christian social order in Home Missions and the Federation of which all areas of life shall be brought Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions into harmony with the life and teaching were asked by the local interdenomi- of Jesus Christ is accepted as the ideal national groups to confer as to plans of these three groups working jointly; for harmonizing the efforts of church women more fully. As a result there (2) That a unified program of servwas formed in 1928 the National Com- ice should be prepared which, recognizmission of Protestant Church Wom- ing the difference in type and in the esen, with official representatives there- tablished alignments of these organizaon of the Council, the Federation, and tions should be the suggested plan the local interdenominational groups. through which they, moving toward fur- ther coordinated efforts, would speak At Buffalo in June, 1928, the latter and work unitedly. group formally organized nationally, and at Boston in 1929 adopted the The plan of cooperation as thus far name National Council of Federated outlined is: That in the approach to Church Women. At the end of 1929, the local interdenominational groups the National Commission of Protes- the three .organizations cooperate tant Church Women was dissolved. through the Relationships Committee which shan outline general policies; In fulfillment of the desire of these that the Committees on World Day of three organizations that all matters of Prayer, International Relations, and common interest be studied unitedly, Conferences and Schools of Missions and that by common agreement tasks be made joint committees representabe allocated to one or another of the tive of the three organizati.ons; that bodies, thus preventing confusion and local interdenominational groups be overlapping in the approach to Prot- urged to build well-rounded programs estant church women, the Administra- including local, national and internative Committees of the Council of tional interests; that in the approach Women for Home Missions, the Fed- to the I 0 c a I interdenominational eration of Woman's Boards of For- groups (1) Home Missions and Miseign Missions of North America and sionary Education for Home Missions be recognized as the special respon- sibility of the Council of Women for Home Missions, (2) Foreign Missions and Missionary Education for For-

eign Missions, as the special responsi- Chapman Catt, eight of these national bility of the Federation of Woman's women's organizations joined in call- Boards of Foreign Missions, (3) Spir- ing a Conference on the Cause and itual Life and the Christian Hume, Cure of War, which was held in Wash- Religiou-s Education, Christian Citi- ington, in January, 1925, nine organ- zenship, Legislation and Law Observ- izations participating. Out of this ance, Social Service, Drama and Mo- grew the desire for an annual con- tion Pictures, as the special responsi- ference and for a committee which bility of the National Council of Fed- should plan the program for such erated Church Women; that the af- meetings, and carry out through the filiation fees of local interdenomina- year the recommendations made by tional groups be paid to the National the delegates. Thus the National Council of Federated Church Women; Committee on the Cause and Cure of that the World Day of Prayer offer- War was set up with Mrs. Catt as ings be given to the special objects chairman, the committee being com- designated by the Council of Women posed of the president and chairman for Home Missions and the Federa- of International Relations of each par- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign ticipating organization. Missions, such gifts being considered as constituting affiliation with those The National Committee has taken organizations. as its general objectives (1) the build- ing of effective peace machinery, (2) These recom'mendations having been the reducti.on of war machinery, and approved by v·ote of the three organ- (3) the obtaining of security against izations, the presidents are authorized war for every nation. In the interest to give them publicity in this joint 'of these objectives the annual conferstatement. ences are held to study some phase of one or all of these questions, to take MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, President such actions as may be deemed wise, Council of Women for Home Missions. and to initiate a program for study and cooperative action among the MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, President membel's of the organizations con- Federation of Woman's Boards of For- nected with the committee. The num- eign Missions of North America. ber of organizations (looperating is now eleven, among them the Council MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, PreBident of Women for Home Missions and National Council of Federated Church Federation of Woman's Boards of Women. Foreign Missions of North America.

WORKING TOGETHER FOR PEACE The Sixth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War was held in Wash- By ELINOR K. PURVES ington, January 19-22, 1931.* The program centered around disarma- Miss Purves is chairman of the Committee ment and the building up of peace on International Relations of the Council of machinery, most of the speakel's em- 'Vornen for Home Missions. That committee phasizing the need for effective peace and the similar Committee of the }t'ederation machinery if disarmament is to make of 'Vornan's Boards 01' Foreign MiSSions, of any headway among the nations, The which Mrs, E, H, Silverthorn is chairman, conference reaffirmed its belief that the United States should become a work as a unit, member of the Permanent Court of The National Committee on the tReport of the Sixth COllfer(,llce may be Cause and Cure of War had its in- obtained from the National Committee on the ception in an attempt to secure coop- Cause and Cure of War, 1116 Grand Central erative action among some of the Terminal Bldg., New York City, for $1.00_ A .national women's organizations which pamphlet giving origin, aim and activities of have departments .of international re- the National Committee may also be procured lations through which they are trying for 5c, per copy; $4,00 per 100. to interest their membership in the study of international problems and the promotion of cooperation among the nations of the world for the maintenance. of world peace.

Under the leadership .of Mrs. Carrie

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

International Justice, and urged fa- her study not only as a possible con- vorable action by the Senate upon the tribution towards the solution of the three protocols submitted to it by the problem in question but as material President of the United States, De- for information and study for the cember 10, 1930. women of America who, through their Another resolution urged that steps organizations, are connected with the be taken to secure international con- National Committee on the Cause and ference by treaty agreement in time Cure of War, and to whom the reof cri'sis, and to determine the course cipient of the scholarship would be to be taken with a nation violating available as a speaker at program the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The Con- meetings. Definite requirements for ference also recommended to its mem- ,such a scholarship have been drawn bers the study of the agenda for the up and the candidate who has been Disarmament Conference to be held successful in meeting these requirein 1932, and the study and endorse- ments and will go abroad this summent when possible, of measures the mer is Mrs. Rachael Nason, of Conpurpose of which is to abolish military necticut.

training in secondary schools and to The National Committee has pre- make such training elective in col- pared a petition to go to the Dis- leges, universities, and educational armament Conference in 1932, and institutions other than those which through its member organizations are essentially military. hopes to secure over one million sig- The program for the year as adopt- natures. These organizations are not ed by the conference combines edu- primarily peace societies, being orcation and united acHon. It includes ganized for varying purposes and continued work on the World Court representing all kinds of programs, and the Disarmament Conference, and educational, civic, social and religious, suggests study of the League of Na- and reaching down through clubs and tions, a consultative pact, and eco- church societies into practically every nomic problems which cause war. It city and town in the United States.

was decided to build the program for The women of the church are re- the next conference around this last lated to this National Committee theme. through their local church societies The National Gommittee has been which are related to their denominain touch with women's organizations tional mission boards, and through of other countries which are inter- them related to the Council of Women ested in peace and world cooperation, for Home Missions and the Federation and at the conference in January, it ()f Woman's Boards of Foreign Miswas recommended that a committee sions. These bodies have taken active be appointed which should act as a part in the work of the National Com- Contact Committee between the wom- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War en of the United States and the wom- from its beginning. Mrs. D. Everett en of other countries in order that Waid, of the Council of Women for the various groups might be mutually Home Missions was at the time' of informed of significant steps towards her death a vice-president, Mrs. E. H. international understanding which Silverthorn, a former president of the were being taken by any of these Federation of Woman's Boards of groups. Foreign Missions followed her as a An interesting development of the vice-president of the National Com- work of the committee is the decision mittee, and this year one of the vice- to establish a scholarship by means presidents is Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, a of which a young woman shall be sent former president of the Council of abroad to study one of the "sore Women for Home Missions.

spots" of Europe, using the results of The women of the churches will be

asked to sign the petition on disarm- VISITING THE MIGRANT WORK ament, to work for the entrance of the United States into the World For some years the women of the Court, and to cooperate with women churches have been reading and hearin clubs and societies of various kinds ing about the migrants and their in the building up of better world needs and they have responded most understanding and the promotion of generously to appeals made in their world peace, which should be one of behalf. To visit the work has not the aims of all missionary endeavor. occurred to many, perhaps because mission fields are usually very far Participating Organizations away and sometimes difficult to reach. The situation is a bit different in the American Association of University case of the migrant work for the mi- Women. grants are "on our very doorstep" and Council ·of Women for Home Mis- "WE THANK THEE FOR THIS FOOD" sions. many .of the fields where work is be- Federation of Woman',s Boards of ing carried on can be reached by car Foreign Missions of North America. in half a day, sometimes less. Why not plan either this summer or this General Federation of Women's fall to visit the migrant work, have a Clubs. personal contact with the migrants and see what the work means to those National Board of the Young Wom- who are "followin'g the crops"? en's Christian Ass'ociaUons.

National Council of Jewish Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.2 National League of Women Voters. National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. National W,omen's Oonference of American Ethical Union." National Women's Trade Union League.'

Witbout symbol, called first conference. 1 Participated in first conference. 2.Joined January, 1929 conference. S JoIned Janu ary, 1930 conference.

M-igrant Work Nationality C1"OP Season of M igrant CALIFORNIA Dos Palos •. . .. . . Mexican . …•. . … . Cotton . . …. . …. . . Oct.-Apr. Walnut Grove . . . 14 Nationalities . …. Asparagus …… . . ' April-July Hemet . . .•…… White American . … . Apricots ….. . ….. Aug. 15-0ct. 1 Kingsburg …… Mexican ……. . … Grapes •….. . . . . . . Aug. I5-0ct. 1 Fowler ………. Mexican ……… .. Grapes ………… Aug. I5-0ct. 10 OREGON Hood River …. , .White American ….. Apples …… .. ….. Sept.-Oct. Newberg .. . .. . .. White American … . . Hops ……… . … ' Sept.-Oct.

COLORADO Eaton •• • .•. • .••. Mexican .. . ……. . Sugar beets …….. All year program Brighton ..•..• } Greeley ……• Mexican •………• Sugar beets ……..All year program Hudson …… .

DELAWARE .. . . . …….. Beans, Tomatoes . . .. Aug. 15-Nov. 1 . . ……..•.. Beans, Tomatoes . … JUly 1-0ct. 15 Camden . . ….. . .Polish .. • ….•….. Beans, Tomatoes . … July 1-0ct. 1 Houston …… . .Negro …………. Beans, Tomatoes . … Aug. 1-0ct. 1 Lewes …….. . .Polish Rehoboth …••.•.Polish

Migrant Work N atlonallty Crop Sea.on 01 Migrant MARYLAND Hurlock ……… Negro …………. Tomatoes ………. Aug. 8-Oct.I NEW JERSEY Barnegat ……. Italian …………. Cranberries …. . .. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 Pemberton …… Italian …… . ….. Cranberries …….. Sept. I-Oct. 15 Whitesbog ……Italian …………. Blueberries ……… July I-Aug. 9 Whitesbog …… Italian …………. Cranberries …….. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 NEW YORK Brant ……….. Italian …………. Strawberries, Peas, Beans, Tomatoes .••. June-Sept. 15 For further details write to the National Defence by Kirby Page. Farrar Council of Women for Home Missions, and Rinehart, New York. 1931. $3.00. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Disarmament by Salvador de Madariaga. Coward, McCann, New York. 1929. AS WILLIAM JAMES SAW IT $5.00.

From Weekly New., New York League of Military and Naval Expenditures. Edito- rial Research Reports, Washington. Women Voters. July 25, 1930. To be obtained in li- braries. ..At the time of the Venezuelan incident in 1895, William James in a letter to a Limitation of Air Armaments. Foreign friend, Mrs. Evans, wrote wise words Policy Association Information Servthat fit the present time when reduction ice, 18 E. 41st St., New York. October of navies, disarmament, compulsory arbi- 29, 1930. 25c. tration, are debated in parliaments and where rumors of war and outbreaks in American Diplomacy in the Modern World limited areas continually threaten the by Arthur Bullard. Chapter on disprecarious peace of the world. We take armament. 127 pp. University of Pennthese from an article in the Atlantic sylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1928. Monthly for September, 1929. $1.50.

'~Three days of mob hysteria can at Between War and Peace by Florence any time undo peace habits of a hun- Brewer Boeckel. Chapters on disarmdred years; and the only permanent ament. National Council for Prevensafeguard against irrational explo- tion of War. $1.50. sions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and of opportunity. The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Since this country has absolutely Brewer Boeckel. Chapter on disarmanothing to fear, nor any other coun- ment. Council of Women for Home try anything to gain from its inva- Missions and Missionary Education sion, it seems to me that the party Movement. $1.00 and 60c. of civilization ought immediately, at any (lost of discredit, to begin to agi- Dtsarmament on the Great Lakes by tate against any increase of either Charles H. Levermore. World Peace army, navy or coast defense. That is Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. the one form of protection against the 1914. 5c. internal enemy on which we can most rely." New Wars: New Weapons by J. M. Ken- worthy. 160 pp. Elkin, Mathews and DISARMAMENT READING Marrot, 54 Bloomsbury St., W.C., Lon- don. 1930. 38, 6d. Compiled by National Council for Prevention oj War Chemical Warfare-Its POSSibilities and Probabilities by Elvira K. Fradkin. The Issues of the General Disarmament Carnegie Endowment for International Conference by Laura Puffer Morgan. Peace, 405 W. 117th St., New York. In preparation. National Council for 1929. 5c. Prevention of War. 25c. Political Consequences of the World War by Ramsay Muir. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. 252 pp. Henry Holt and Co., New York. 1931. $1.25.

BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 12, 1932

ORlD-WiDE

ISLANDS OF THE SEA the Sumatra Conference seemed to Missions in New Guinea exemplify world brotherhood.

THE Utrecht Mission turned back Reports brought out plainly the dif- the field to the Indian Church. ficulties and problems, and withal the This latter, embodying all of Ambon opportunities of the work in Sumatra. with more than 150,000 Christians, The diversity of conditions and lansaw in this a loud call of God and in guage call for the greatest ingenuity. a short time sent 40 Gurus int() this In reporting on the Asahan d.istrict, distant field. As the matter now Dr. A. H. Prussner described the stands, the Papuans of that region by three-sided struggle of paganism, no means want to be "Key People" Islam and Christianity, each striving (so named from the chief seat of the to surmount the other two. Tlle Catholic Church on the Key Islands) battle for Christianity is far from but wish to be '''Ambon People" (Prot- won. At Palembang the Sundayestants). They are crowding in school of 150 is one-half Malay, showmasses into the Protestant churches ing that Mohammedans are being and ,schools. touched to a degree. An encouraging The Neuendettelsau Mission, which thing is the request for preachers and is working in the former Kaiser Wil- teachers coming from Chinese towns helm Land, is reporting great gains. and villages around Palembang–en- Their work is among the Papuan and oouraging, yet disheartening, because Melanesian tribes. During the last the requests cannot be granted. three years the number of their baptised members has increased by 4,140 AD10ng the Igorots amounting in all to 22,026! In 1929 which is the last year covered by their I N the Protestant Episcopal Mission report, they added 2,646 adults by at Sagada, Luzon, some 8,000 peobaptism and 1,354 children. The work ple have been baptized and more than of the missionaries is progressing 3,500 are communicants. The number under the added difficulties of being is continually growing. It is useless carried on in a gold field. New gold to expect that priests and teachers can is being found oonstantly and that be sent from America to minister brings with it an influx of most un- to all these people. Workers among desirable elements. Besides, there is the Igorots themselves must be so much disease and sickness that the trained to minister to their own peomissionaries are clamoring for med- ple. For many years a school has ical missionaries. been operated in these mountains at Sagada. At first it was difficult to SUD1atra News get Igorot children to recognize the value of an education. Life in the THE third session of the Sumatra open was preferable to being cooped Mission Conference, held in Medan all day long in a classroom, studying last February, was characterized by strange new things in an unfamiliar unusual internationalism. With rep- language. Friends, snaring birds on resentatives from Germany, Sweden, the hills, gathering snails and lizards Holland and America, China and vari- and other juicy edibles in the mounous parts of the Dutch East Indies, tain brooks, were lures that enticed 538 them again and again away from those about their work to the Japanese Govwho were trying to teach them. ernment, but are in no wise hindered in their work. It is perhaps the only Conditions have changed. Brothers example of the kind in all missionary of some of these children have been history and the Japanese Government educated; they are earning unbeliev- has been punctilious in the performable sums of money, some $15, some ance of its assumed obligations. $25 a month. These men have power, influence; they are much more ad- Disciples in the Philippines mired and respected than the boys of old who ran away from the foreigners AT THE annual meeting of the and who now get a scant livelihood by Christian mission the plan was arduous toil in the ricefields, or by adopted, subject to the approval of traveling, almost daily, four, five, the United Christian missionary soeven six miles, to fetch firewood for ciety and the Philippine churches, for cooking their bit of rice and sweet reorganization of the mission with potatoes. So the boys of today, with equal representation of Filipinos and the encouragement of their fathers, missionaries on the advisory board. are seeking an education which will The plan provides for the creation of enable them to live a better and more a delegate national convention of the useful life; they walk-and the girls, Churches .of Christ in the Philippines too-for three days over almost im- as soon as travel and economic condipassable trails, across raging torrents, tions make it possible. Another act through territory their fathers would was the adoption of a definite schedule not have dared penetrate because of for the Filipinization of the evangelthe hostility of the occupants, and this istic work in the area around Manila. on the bare chance of being admitted The missionary who serves in this to an already overcrowded school. The work is, within four years, to be withobject of the school is to train boys drawn altogether and placed in other and girls who will do the Church's work. A Filipino secretary will carry work in these mountains. They have on in the place of the mis,sionary. The shown an ability we did not dream third act of interest was the creation they possessed, until now we feel sure of a department of social welfare, to our hopes for the impossible can be supplement the usual fields of misrealized.-The Living Church. sionary work known as medical, edu- cational, and evangelistic. This de- A Remarkable Mission partment will deal with the problems incident upon Filipino emigration to AFTER the War the Marshall Is- Hawaii and America. lands, which had belonged to Germany, were made mandatory to In American Islands Japan by the League of Nations. One stipulation was made, to the effect NOW and again we are reminded that the inhabitants should continue that others beside those in North to receive training by Protestant mis- America live under the Stars and .sionaries. Japan consented and sent Stripes. It has recently been profour Japanese Protestant mission- posed to give American citizenship to aries, to which since then it added the natives of Tutuila, in the Samoan two more. The Japanese Government group. Most Samoans can read and pays the salaries of these mission- write, and all are Christian. Since aries, supplies each one with a dwell- they own their land and foreigners ing, grants child aid and contributes are not permitted to buy it, they are a quota to medical expenses. The increasing in number. government also pays transportation to and from the field and grants a The Philippines have a native popfurlough every three years. The mis- ulation of ten million. Most true sionaries are required to send reports Filipino·s are Christians, (two-thirds

being Roman Catholic), while the in America they claim many converts, Moros are Mohammedan. especially. among the colored people. From Chicago headquarters is edited Guam, an island of only 210 square a monthly called The Moslem Sunrise. miles, about 1,500 miles from Manila, has a variety of mixed races with the Chinese Conduct Missions Malay strain predominating.

T In addition to these groups and HE Chinese Church of ChrIst, Chi- cago, the only Chinese Christian Hawaii, the United States has two other possessions in the Pacific, Wake Church in the Central States, conducts Island, between Hawaii and Hong- seven missions for the purpose of con- kong (about one square mile in area) verting Chinese to Christianity and and the Midway Islands, 1,200 miles teaching them the English language.

northwest of Hawaii. Wake Island is This work was organized 15 years ago uninhabited and there are about and is interdenominational in scope.

thirty-five persons living on the Mid- Funds to aid it are being secured way Islands. through the selling of Chinese dinners Puerto Ricans are American citi- and the sale of Oriental fancy goods.

zens, as are natives of the Virgin Ravages of the Automobile Islands. THE public seems to be indifferent about the enormous slaughter NORTH AMERICA caused by the automobile, yet were a pestilence to breed such destruction Searching Facts of life the land would be in a panic. Statistics compiled by the Metropoli- WHAT the Home Missions Council tan Life Insurance Company show calls "the unescapable challenge that the machine has been responsible of the unmet religious needs of the for 282,000 killings in the last fifteen nation" is that there are in America years, of which 1930 contributed 32,- today: 500 while the injured totaled 960,000. Pedestrians were slain to the number Ten thousand communities without a of 14,034, while 329,712 were injured. church of any kind, Jewish, Roman In the matter of collisions with other Catholic or Protestant; vehicles there were 373,889 smashes resulting in 6,712 deaths and 473,953 Thirty thousand communities with- mJuries. Fixed objects were hit to out a resident pastor; the number of 41,454, with 3,586 fa- talities. Out of the enormous total, Thirteen million four hundred thou- 564,630 cases were traced to downsand children under 12 years of age right carelessness, to which 27,235 who are receiving no religious in- deaths and 643,795 injuries were struction of any kind; More than one-half of the total Arne ric a n population unconnected with any institution representing organized religion.

Moslems in America credited. This horrible record does not seem to excite the slightest emo- 'l'HE Ahmadiyya sect was founded tion. Add to this the incidental ex- .1 by Hazrat Ahmad, who claimed to travagances and we need not look be the Messiah. He was born in 1836 further for the cause of many of our and died in 1908. He was succeeded social and economic evils. – The by Hazrat Morza Bashirud-Din Mah- Churchman.

mud Ahmad. This sect claims to represent true Islam and has estab- Japanese Institute, Ne…. York T lished mi,ssions in London, Chicago, HE Japanese Christian Institute is known among the Japanese from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Palestine, West Africa, Mauritius, coast t'o coast as one place in New Australia, and Malaya. They pro- York where a newcomer will find ad- claim racial and social equality and vice and a friendly welcome. A young

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Japanese teacher, who lately came to Factor in Social Work," "The Rural America writes: Minister and Social Work," "The Church and Unemployment," "Reli- I was teacher in big school for girls gion and Mental Hygiene," "Spiritual in Japan, and came to America to study Effects and Values of Community conditions of American high schools. Chests," and the "Moral and Educa- When I arrived in San Francisco I was tional Problems Arising from a Genalone. Five days to cross the continent, eral Dissemination of Knowledge of no friends, very poor knowledge of Eng- Birth Control." lish, stranger in strange country! I thought of many different gods of Japan; The Church Conference of Social I had them in my trunk, suitcases, even Work aims to emphasize the spiritual carried one on my person, given me by and social aspects of human needs and my well-wishers for "bon voyage." to range the religious forces more These trinkets of many different gods completely behind social service. The did not ,help a bit. I was lonesome. I objectives of the Church Conference was helpless. I was put on train by a of Social Work include: The develop- Japanese minister with introduction to ment of scientific methods in the sothe Japanese Christian Institute on cial work of the Protestant Churches; Fifty-seventh Street, New York. I was the development of understanding and met by a minister from the Institute when I reached Grand Central Station. cooperation between churches and so- After supper at the Institute I felt I must make confession that I had been cial agencies; the making of religion deeply touched by the way I was treated a greater redemptive force in all social all the way through the unknown coun- life. try. I said, "Mrs. Shimizu, I saw Christ walking the streets of America all the Bible in Southern Night Schools way. I saw Him in conductors, redcaps, among fellow travelers and children too. !DULT Night Schools in North Car- American people were so kind to me. t.. olina, now sponsored by the coun- I am so glad that I am in Christian ty or city Boards of Education, in country and am so happy in Christian Buncombe County around Asheville Institute where Christ is the center of have been going on for some years all activities." with unusually fine results. A few years ago in the foothills of the Great Now I am learning to be real Chris- Smokies we saw a room full of people tian teacher because I found the Great ranging in age from twenty to seventy, Teacher in my heart.-Christian Intelli- all keen to study the four R's (they gence,/,. have four in the South) reading, 'rit- ing, 'rithmetic, and religion, also. Church Conference of Social Work These adults have ambition to learn THE National Conference of Social so that they can read the Bible. Workers and the Church Conference of Social Work, organized by the A man of forty years won a large Federal Council of the Churches met print Testament in the night schools. at Minneapolis, June 14-20. J{)int ses- When people visit him he shows it to sions were arranged to relate the them and says, "That's what night Church program to that of the Nation- school means to me. They gave me al Conference. Pastors and church this and taught me to read it. It workers, were thus brought into co- means more to me than anything in operation with leaders in the field of the world." social work. The women's clubs in various places The spiritual resources of the so- have initiated these schools and after cial worker were discussed by Dr. demonstrating their value and bless- Richard C. Cabot, President of the ing to the community the county National Conference of Social Work; boards have helped to finance them, or J. Prentice Murphy of Philadelphia, taken them over completely.-WiUiam Dr. Worth M. Tippy of New York H. Richie, in The Sunday School and Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago. Times.

Among the topics considered at the conference were-"The Pastor and Life Adjustment," "The Church as a

An Ideal Summer Resort educational work in central Mexico, SILVER BAY, on Lake George, was for evangelistic and educational work established as a religious confer- in the States of Tabasco, Campeche, ence ground thirty years ago. This Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, the work- beautiful summer resort is now open ers are encouraged to hope that all to Christian people and their families missionary work may one day be enseeking a vacation which combines trusted to the Mexicans.

outdoor sport with round table dis- Protestant Work in Mexico cussions with leaders in world affair,s. For two weeks, August 1st to A RECENT controversy broke out 14th, all the recreational facilities of in the daily press of Mexico City the place may also be enjoyed. over President Hoover's congratula- tory message to the Lutheran Church, Dr. Joseph R. Sizoo, pastor of the in which he referred to Protestant New York Avenue Presbyterian Christianity's substantial contribu- Church, Washington, D. C., Bishop tions to the progress of civilization. Ernest M. Stires and other leaders in The press gave Protestants the opreligion, sociology and economics will portunity to state the facts. speak. Subjects for round table discussions will include "The Romance Evangelical schools, almost without and Tragedy of the Machine Age," exception, are full to overflowing, and "America'l! . Battle-Capitalism vs. there is increasing respect for their Communism," "Law Observance-in work even by Catholic prelates. D. High Places and Low," "Russia- J. Hauser, secretary of Union Sem- China-India," "Christianity and Athe- inary, Mexico City, reports that evanism at Grips," "Saving the World gelical Christianity in Mexico now from Narcotics," "I n tel I e c t u a I enrolls more than 100,000 constituents Riches-and the Needle's Eye" "Mar- and adherents, but its influence is riage and the Home." .stronger than its numerical strength would indicate. Prof. G. Baez Cam- LATIN AMRICA argo, a leader of evangelical forces, c·ontributes to a prominent Mexico Toward Autonom.y in Me;';'co City daily a regular column entitled "The Pulse of the Times," in which he THE first year of independence of gives a Christian interpretation to the Presbytery of the City of Mex- current events. ico ended most satisfactorily. Although the acceptance of full responsi- bility for the evangelistic work in GuateDlala. Industrial College T their field meant a heavy financial ob- HE Industrial College under the Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala ligation, the Presbytery responded by raising over 63,000 pesos ($30,000). City has made especial progress in Total contributions of the National agriculture. The Advance-Rumely Synod amounted to more than 125,000 Company, by way of advertisement, pesos, or $60,000, during the past contributed a tractor which ha,s been year. Complete aut 0 nom y was an additional asset in operating an granted the Presbytery of Mexico City irrigation system, and forces 200 liters in April, 1929, and there has been a of water per minute from the river steady growth of mutual love and to the crops. A German agricultur- esteem between nationals and mission- ist assists with the cattle and field aries. Missionaries who have taken crops.

work under the direction of the Na- The dairy represents the greatest tional Church report that they have financial hope. Sixteen good milk received courteous and considerate cows are fast paying for themselves.

treatment at the hands of their Mex- Milk, butter and cream from the farm ican fellow workers. While the Pres- are in great demand because of their byterian Board is still responsible for superior quality, and they bring the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

top prices. When the cows are paid Kabyle Moslems emphasize the Gospel for, the dairy will go a long way to- teachings to which Moslems are most ward supporting the college. Special bitterly opposed: Jesus and His death attention is being given to building for man. One group of Moslems up confidence of the business men in come an hour's journey by taxi to this the city. The college is accordingly Paris mission, and the Kabyle taxiallowed from 10 to 25 per cent dis- driver leaves his car in the street to count on most of its purchases. attend the service.

Kabyle converts returning to Mo- In the Panama Canal Zone rocco take the Gospel with them. One BISHOP MORRIS of the Protestant writes: "I have distributed twelve Episcopal Church has given ten hundred and fifty copies of the Gospel years of faithful service in Panama. since I have been here." He has had St. Luke's Cathedral, Ancon, was the several changes of post but carries on first major enterprise which he under- his Christian testimony at each place, took and the Children's Home for the not without danger. There are 110,- care of {Jrphans and homeless children, 000 North Africans in Francehas been a blessing to scores of young Moors, Arabs and Algerian Kabyles.

boys and girls. Along the length of Three Moorish Christians have joined Paris churches, one of them the Canal, the church's work among carrying on an aggressive evangelistic the white residents and the West In- work in his own quarter. A former dian Negroes has been strengthened. EI Azhar University student listens to the Gospel, frequently breaking into Bishop Morris can look back up<Jn exclamations of surprise. Frequently an episcopate characterized by con- French or Italians see Moslems readstructive and successful work, and by ing Scriptures and ask for it themministry in manifold form to individ- selves. Mr. Warren has issued two ual men and women. In the last ten bi-lingual leaflets, "The Story of Two years everything that Bishop Morris Sons" and "The Story of Creation and planned to do, has, with ·one exception, Fall," designed to induce the Kabyles been accomplished. That exception is to read the Scriptures in their own a church for the growing congrega- language. tion of white people at New Cristobal at the Atlantic end of the canal. For several years this congregation has been using Christ Church in the ad- Refu.ge for French Unfortunates T joining city of Colon. Bishop Morris HE Salvation Army in Paris is adding to its previous relief instiis convinced that the church's work in the Zone will be furthered and the tutions in France a City of Refuge best service rendered to both the Ne- in the Quartier de la Gare, Paris.

gro and the white people by having This is for men, women and children.

separate church buildings. He has It will accommodate 500 people with asked for thirty-five thousand dollars beds, and will have restaurants, meet- for this purpose, which item is in- ing rooms, workshops, a clinic, a day cluded in the Advance Work Program." nur8ery, a bureau of information, and -John W. Wood. the like. Affiliated with the Paris Center will be the Floating Refuge EUROPE (150 beds), a Home for Young Men (100 rooms), a People's Foyer at Moslems in France Marseillea (275 beds), a Foyer for MR. THOMAS WARREN, who is Young Men at Nice (50 beds), a Res- working to evangelize the M08- cue Home at Nimes with 25 places. lems in France, tells us in Warld Do- Five million of the ten million francs minion that hymn-singing is a great needed to finance these institutions aid and that the favorite hymns of the have been subscribed.-S. S. Times.

The Spanish ltepublic deplorable, and alien legislation is de- THE Espana Evangelica, the weekly signed to aggravate ,still further an published by Pastor Fliedner of intolerable situation.

the Evangelical Mission in Spain, wel- "In Poland, 3,000,000 Jews are fac- comes the new republic. During the ing economic disaster and many have dictatorship this weekly appeared only committed suicide because of intoler- with the authorization of the censor able conditions.

and often there were blank spaces "In Rumania much has to be done which marked items deleted by the to satisfy even a modest conception ban of this official. Then numbers did of justice so far as the status of the not appear at all and others were pre- Jewish population in the political and vented from being sent to America. ec'Onomic field is c'Oncerned.

With one turn all this has been "In Germany, the Jewish popula- changed and the front page of the tion, numbering 600,000, formerly one Espana Evange.lica now heralds the of the most prosperous branches of new day of religious liberty. Jewry, has become destitute, intimi- "At last we see realized an ideal dated and submerged in bleak despair.

which our fathers dreamed of, but Jew-baiting and Jew-beating are the could not convert into actuality: the order of the day. Synagogues are be- republic proclaimed in Spain [" ing defaced, cemeteries desecrated and The provisional government, in the in the province of Thuringia, a special first meeting' of the cabinet, granted clause has been inserted to the prayers an interesting declaration, setting of school children, supplicating the forth its program and its decision to Divine Power to keep 'Out of the sacred respect the individual conscience in soil of the German Republic the 'alien liberty of faith and worship. The races,' avowedly, Jews.

State reserves the right to require "There is Anti-Semitism in Hun- citizens to make known their religious gary, where 'Jews' have been dis- convictions. missed en masse from productive es- Sweden's Interest in Missions tablishments."-New York Times.

HOUGH a small country, Sweden Signs of Revival in Germany Tcontributed last year $1,322,792 to G foreign missions. These voluntary ERMANY seems ripe for a reli- gious revival, according to Prof.

contributions increased 13 per cent Hugh Mackint'Osh of Edinburgh. He over last year. There are 16 mission- says this is evidenced by three things: ary organizations working in 29 fields, Germany has suffered for past sins including China, Africa and India. and has been humbled so that there Last year 797 missionaries were em- is no self-sufficiency left; ployed abroad.-Watchman Examiner. The rationalistic theology has Anti-Semitism in Europe proved ineffective and the people are turning to a simpler faith in God and ECONOMIC anti-S e mi tis m has His Word; placed millions of Jews in Europe Positive notes of Christian faith on on the brink of disaster and starva- • a sound basis have been sounded forth tion, declares Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum, by German religious leaders.-The chairman of the Executive Committee Record of Christian Work. of the American Jewish Congress.

"This e con 0 m i c anti-Semitism, Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation F rampant in Eastern and Central Eu- OR· the first time since his en- thronement a year ago, the patrirope, is a more destrudive weapon than mere anti-Semitic agitation. arch of the Serbian Church, Barnabas, "Surveys reveal a revival of anti- has made an 'Official statement regard- religious persecution in Russia. In ing his attitude toward interchurch Lithuania, the plight of the Jew is cooperation. Here is a significant

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

paragraph from his Easter proclama- in large measure to the influence of tion: "The whole Christian world, Christian education from the West, and especially the Orthodox Church, has made itself felt even in the rigid feels with keen sorrow the unhappy Al Azhar. To the traditional courses division among Christian churches. in Arabic and Moslem law and the- It weakens their efforts at extending Qlogy, courses in modern languages Christianity in the heathen world, and and science are being added. hinders their struggle with atheism, materialism and other unmoral and The Ethiopia Missions perverse views of modern life. The Orthodox Church never ceases tQ pray THE United Presbyterian Mission for the union of all God's churches. to Abyssinia has changed its name The whole Orthodox Church is glad to "The Ethiopia Mission." Abyssinia to collaborate with all other churches is a foreign name for that land, and in a spirit of true good will, in solving among the Arab nations in the past the great problems facing all of Chris- has been a name of reproach. The tianity today, and first of all in the country has always been called great causes of world peace and Ethiopia by its own people. This brotherhood." change of name is a courteous act of the missionaries who are there upon The Balkan Council of the Alliance a friendly mission. The name will for Promoting Friendship Through be a reminder of the Queen Sheba who the Churches met in Belgrad in June. sought out Solomon, of the queen's treasurer who found Christ in the AFRICA desert, and of the promise that some day Ethiopia will stretch forth her Unreached Moors hands unto God.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, who has On May 16, brief messages were spent many years carrying the broadcast to the missionaries in Gospel to various Sudanese tribes, Ethiopia, by Dr. W. B. Anderson, writes: "The only untouched, and as Secretary of the United Presbyterian yet untouchable, part of the Garden of Board, and other officials. There were Allah is the Rio de Oro, inhabited by also personal messages from the famscores of hostile tribes of Moors, who ilies of the missionaries. acknowledge no outside authority, and who have held many Europeans as Nigeria Seeks the Gospel slaves. They are the Almoravides, former cQnquerors of Spain and Port- A LARGE tract of the Niger Delta, ugal highly educated in Islamic lore called Isoko Country, densely and 'laws, and fierce haters of Chris- peopled with heathen, has only retians. I have met some of them, and cently begun to be evangelized. Three found them willing listeners to the C. M. S. clergy and two women mis- Gospel, and ready purchasers of sionaries are in this pestilential re- Arabic Scriptures." gion, battling against witchcraft and fetish worship. A few native teachers AI .Azhar Makes Adjustments from other tribes have volunteered to help. Two C. M. S. missionaries have V ISITORS to Al Azhar, famous lost their lives in these fever-ridden, citadel of Mohammedan orthodoxy tropical swamps. in Cairo, and reputed to be the oldest university in the world, can no longer During the last seven years a great be told that its curriculum has not mass movement has resulted. There changed in a thousand years. are now in the comparatively small area 104 churches, many very large The curriculum of this Moslem seat ones. Two churches alone have over of learning has always been based 2,600 regular adherents, and the total on the Koran. But the revival of in- is about 20,000. At Ozora, at morntellectuallife in the Moslem world, due 5

ing and evening prayers, there is an her bridegroom be abolished, or, made average of 900 attending, and more on nominal. This CongrESS also de- Sundays; Aviara the same, and up to manded that divorce be made more 1,500 on Sundays. Other churches difficult. At present, if a man desires have very large attendances. It is to get rid of his wife, it is a simple often necessary to make a cordon matter and the wife practically has around the missionary's house, to keep nothing to say. This group of women the people back until he has his meals. asks that divorce be granted only in exceptional cases and for weighty rea- South African Leper Institution sons. They request that laws be passed making eighteen the minimum T HE Emjafiyafia Leper Institution age of both parties in marriage. is in many respects a model of They also seek compulsory school atwhat such homes should be. Step by tendance for both boys and girls, and step, the prison system has been aban- the prohibition of the employment of doned, and one approximating native children under fourteen. village life adopted. Patients select headmen from among themselves, and Changing Persia these administer the affairs of the community, trying cases in public in I (ING AMANULLAH'S attempted the old native way. They are respon- reforms in Afghanistan have not sible for the equitable distribution of been without their effect in Persia. rations, and sEie that rules are obeyed. While the movement for the unveiling The patients have gardens to culti- of women, has not made much progvate; own property; work for wages; ress, the cause of women's .education buy and sell; remit money to their is steadily going forward. There are homes; have Post Office Savings Bank seventy-six more girls' schools in accounts and may have quite a sum to Persia today than there were three their credit when discharged as cured. years ago. Persia is the only one There are schools for the children, and of the original Moslem countries Anglican and Wesleyan churches. where Christian converts are to be About half the patients are Christian, found. Communities of these have most of them becoming so after en- sprung up in the last ten years, but trance. Many learn to read, and be- the policy of the Government is to put come local preachers upon their return difficulties in the path of these conhome. verts, and to check their numbers. The lot of the Christian Persian is There is an air of cheerfulness sur- steadily becoming harder. prising to see. Some time ago the patients, entirely on their own initiative, News From Bahrain convened a general meeting and discussed what they should do to in- BAHRAIN Boy's School found it fluence other sufferers from leprosy necessary this year to employ an to come to the Institution. additional teacher, a Palestinian con- vert from Islam. The enrolment WESTERN ASIA reached 76 in 1930, about one-fourth Syrian Wom.en Make Demands being Jews and Christians. Two were Hindus, the rest Mohammedans. As THE Oriental Woman's Congress in the past, English instruction is the which convened recently at Da- drawing card. mascus, Syria, passed resolutions which, if carried through, will make The Girl's School enrolled 107 for striking changes in the status of wom- the year, of which 76 were Moslem. en in that country. It is desired that The school is being operated on $33.00 the purchase price, now paid by the a month. Cordial relations are main- Moslem for his bride, and the dowry tained between these two schools, and which the non-Moslem bride brings to power for good is being generated.

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Medical work has also grown, dis- ings; "I cannDt cDmmand it, but I pensary treatment showing an in- suggest that we dD nDt have questiDns crease 'Of 7,632 cases, with 171 mere tonight, hut that we go quietly home operations in the Men's Hospital and a to think and tD pray 'Over what the corresponding grewth in the Wemen's speaker has said tD us." Hospital. Outcalls have been made in every direction. Indian nurses proved At the students' camp near Delhi so capable that they make many calls there was an undertDne 'Of unrest without a physician.-Neglected Ara- amDng the students, fDr the NatiDnalbia. ist mDvement had struck the Chfi.stian students tD. When decisiDns were INDIA, BURMA, SIAM asked for, the first to r€spond was a leading Nationalist, and one by one Untouchables in Schools the several hundred students tODk a unanimous stand for Christ. T HE Educational Department 'Of the Government of Bombay has issued Dr. Jones reports more skeptiqism a regulation that reads as follDws; than in the previDus twenty years, but he feels it tD be a sign of the slough- The GDvernment of Bombay has laid ing 'Off of dead superstition. down their policy that nD disability should be imllosed on the children 'Of the Cost of Discipleship depressed classes receiving educatiDn in schools conducted by any public author- I N AN outcaste village 'Of South ity. The depressed classes pay tbe same India a heathen festival was tD take rates and taxes as other classes so tbat place. Before the idol grove trenches they should have equal educatiDnal facili- were being dug as all fODd tD be eaten ties. Those WhD object tD the education would have tD be cooked before the 'Of these classes along with their own chil- gods, 'Offered to them, and then be dren are at liberty to make their 'Own ar- taken for the feast. rangements withDut assistance from public funds. Where public schDols are held This ceremony sorely troubled an in temples or sacred buildings or in build- outcaste lad whD recently had been ings hired subject to the condition 'Of the baptized. DDwn tD the mission house exclusion 'Of the depressed classes, efforts he went to talk with the missiDnary. should be made to obtain other accom- "Sir," he said, "Do you think I should modation. There has been some improve- eat fODd that will be 'Offered to idDls ment in recent years, but the policy 'Of tDmorrow?" The missiDnary knew admissiDn 'Of depressed class children has that to ask a boy tD go witheut fODd not been given effect in all places and for a whole day while the rest 'Of the there are many SChODls in which they are family were feasting was not an easy not allowed to sit with the rest of the matter. Turning tD the boy he said, children attending the SChODls. The GDV- "What is Jesus saying to YDU in YDur ernment will not tolerate such a state of heart?" The boy replied, "He says, affairs. They direct that in all publicly 'Don't.' " The missionary answered, managed institutiDns there ShDUld be "If Jesus says in YDur heart, 'DDn't,' equality of treatment between children there is nD use asking me what you 'Of different communities advanced, back- are tD dD." TDgether they asked God ward or depressed. tD give the lad grace to do what Jesus had said tD him in his heart. The Indian Road On the festival day the little band E STANLEY JONES has held 'Of Christians gathered to hDld their • meetings in centers where polit- service among the assembled idol WDr- shippers who were watching the fDDd ical disturbances have been acute. At being CODked before the gDds. The Meerut, the center 'Of the nonCODper- idDls were to the right and the Chrisative movement, the famous CDmmu- tian 'Open-air meeting to the left 'Of nist trial has been in prDgress 'Over a the entrance to the village. The singyear; Nationalists had held nightly meetings with an attendance of frDm 5,000 tD 50,000, yet Dr. JDnes spDke tD a crDwded hall each night. A Hindu lady-a prDminent NatiDnalistsaid at the clD·se of 'One 'Of the meet-

ing of the Christians was well started uplift of the Indian women. I honestly when the lad appeared at the village think that they have done more for womentrance. Would he join his family en's education in this country than the by th~ idols and so be assured of a government itself. At pTesent India has feast, or would he stand with the several other religious bodies doing work Christians and thus forego his food? in the field of women's education, but in The missionary lifted his heart to God the past the Christian missionaries were for ,strength and courage to be given, the only agencies in that field, as is seen and presently the lad turned toward from the history of their institutions the little group of Christians and be- spread throughout the length and breadth fore his heathen relatives took his of India, under the selfless and devoted stand for Christ and against the gods. management of Christian workers-both When the lad returned home, he asked men and women. his heathen father if he might have food that had not been offered to idols. Had it not been for this noble band of But his father drove him from the Christian women teachers, who are the home telling him that if he would not product of the missionary training eat what the family was eating he schools, even this much advancement in could have nothing. the education of the Indian women would not have been possible; even this day in Since this event God has honored every province we find the missionary the faithful witness of the young out- women teachers working hard in a spirit caste. Persecution followed, but to- of love and faith, in out-of-the-way vilday he is one of the finest Christian lages, where the Hindu and Moslem wommen in his village-blessed and hon- en dare not penetTate, Even now they ored of God.-H. MERRIWEATHER, in form the strength of the teaching prothe Ceylon and India General Mission fession. More than the educational and Bulletin. the cultural contribution made by these missionary agencies to the Indian nation, A Hindu Woman's Testimony the noble and self-sacrificing examples of the men and women who, infused with a MRS. MUTHULAKSHMI REDDI, a spirit of love and service for suffering well-known Hindu lady of Ma- humanity and true to the teachings of dras, and a doctor by profession, has their prophet, face obstacles and live been taking an active part in social very often a single lonely life, cannot but reform activities. She was a member have a very beneficial effect upon the and deputy president of the Madras men and women of the country. Legislative Council. Through her untiring efforts a bill was placed on Church Union in South India the statute book of that province prohibiting the dedication of girls to THE union into one South India Hindu temples as deva dasis (servants United Church, with the Wesleyans of the gods), which in actual practice and the Church of England, has promeans prostitution. gressed one step further. This plan was initiated in 1919, was submitted Presiding over the All-India Wom- to the churches and has since been en's Conference at Lahore in January, undergoing a process of adaptation. Dr. Reddi said of the work done by The Joint Committee has now come Christian missionaries for women's to an unanimous agreement on the education in India: main outline of the plan, and is sub- mitting it for approval to the churches I will be failing in my duty if I do not in India, as well as to the affiliated offer a word of tribute to the several mis- churches in England and America. sionary educational organizations who have been the pioneers in every province The general principle of the agree- in the cause of female education. The ment is the recognition of the values woman population of this country has in each of the churches, and an at- been placed under a deep debt of grati- tempt to frame a basis of union which tude to the missionary agencies for their should preserve them all. The final valuable contribution to the educational paragraph of the Foreword is in part as follows: We fully realize that there are differ- ences of belief, of practice and of tradi- tion, but we are fully convinced that the members of the uniting churches will

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bring into the common life and organiza- obtaimng a vision and an evangelistic tion of the United Church whatever of passion and new doors are being value' they have learned in their separate opened on many sides.-C. L. Klein in organizations. "The, News."

Let us do all that in us lies to share Siam Encourages Missions with each other all that God has given us by way of revelation and enlighten- CHRISTIANITY is free to extend ment. itself by every fair means in every place in Siam. In many pieces Good News from Burma. of missionary, educational, medical and welfare work, the highest officials THE whole Shwegyin Field is alive of the government generously coop- with interest about evangelism. erate with gifts and commendation. Here is evidence that a town school can be an evangelizing agency. We King Chulal'Ongkorn, the greatest were assisted by two men from the leader of Siam's renaissance, once seminaries, but the work was done said: "American missionaries have largely by the team. Behind the cam- done more f.or the advancement of my paign was weeks of prayer by three people than any other foreign influprayer groups. ence, and the Siamese rulers today are grateful for the many benefits in- January 23, the Shwegyin Karen troduced to their subjects by Presby- School Gospel Team left town to hold terian missionaries. Modern medicine a campaign at Saw Thet Tah Village. and surgery, education in public This team was made up of twenty health, the segregation and care of member-s including the missionary lepers, of wh'Om there are a large and school band. We walked twelve number, proper obstetrics and care miles in the heat of the day, each per- of children, have been some 'Of the son carrying some luggage. We achievements 'Of Presbyterian misclimbed over two mountains and sions in Siam. waded streams knee-deep no less than five times before we reached our des- The present king of Siam, like his tination. We were happy, because the two predecessors, is a highly enlightlove of God was in our souls and our ened, progressive and benev'Olent ruler. hearts and minds were filled with an It is told that once when visiting anindomitable purpose. other country the king was informed that 'One of his princes was living This time we had no one from out- there. "What does he do?" inquired side to help us but God was with us. the king. "Why, nothing," was the The campaign was the biggest and reply. His majesty rejoined, "Then the best yet conducted by our group. he doesn't bel'Ong to us. We work." As a result two backsliders, one out And so they do, for the welfare and of the church more than twenty years, advancement of their country. – The seven from Christian homes and ilfty- Presbyterian. four from heathen homes came to Christ. One of the fifty-four was a CHINA Karen Buddhist priest. We discovered that the sixty-three came from nine- Banditry Endangers Mission teen villages-some villages as far as twenty miles distant from Saw Thet LONG-CONTINUED '0 r g ani zed Tah. Nearly half the nonChristians banditry in Shaowu, North Fukien in attendance left before four o'clock, Province, where the American Board Sunday afternoon, but of those re- has been at work for nearly fifty years, maining all but about six persons bas endangered the lives of missionclaimed Christ for their Saviour. aries and has done much to prevent their work from being effective. Events seem to point to the beginnings of a revival in Shwegyin. No Dr. Walter Judd, an American phyless than fifty villages are calling for sician, has been the only f'oreign campaigns. The leaders are rapidly

worker in the station for some time, cently bought ground in the vicinity having directed the mission hospital of about 40 modern factories with ap- at Shaowu since 1925. He has now proximately 40,000 workers and will closed the hospital, where for over two put up a simple hut as the beginning years he ministered to the suffering of a social center to work mainly for populace and a stream of wounded the promotion of the workers' health soldiers and bandits. and education. This center will con- Although his life was continuously tain class and reading rooms and a endangered by roving outlaw bands, clinic for handling the common medi- who are intensely anti-foreign, Dr. cal needs.

Judd remained at his post until he was called home for medical treatment. Earnest Christian Students T In 1925 there were eighteen American HE Chinese Chri,stian Student Movement, starting a few years Board missionaries in Shaowu engaged in medical, educational and evangelistic ago with a cooperative staff from the work. Chinese Christians are now in various missions and the Y. M. C. A., charge of the station. has become a fellowship of Christian Dr. Judd once faced a Communist students, men and women, banded in firing squad, from which he escaped, local and provincial groups, with the when a soldier to whom he had given double purpose of sharing their Chris- medical aid stood before him. At tian life and experience with each Shaowu the hospital was looted seven other and with their fellow-students, times by bandits. and of going out into the common life Dr. Judd is a graduate of the Uni- of the people; to bridge the deep and versity of Nebraska and was formerly ancient gulf between scholar and a traveling secretary of the Student worker; and to do what they can to Volunteer Movement in America. find and meet the needs of "the other Shanghai Model Village half." These student groups invite a few advisors, foreign and Chinese, to FOR four years the Shanghai Y. M. meet with them as they plan their C. A. has been conducting a model programs, but the initiative is theirs.

village for workers at Pootung. With In all they undertake, these ·students the cooperation of surrounding fac- show the sincerity of their convictions tories and organizations the associa- and their eagerness to help and benefit tion has built some 24 simple but their fellows, by living out their sanitary houses for rent to the work- Christianity. ers at only $3 Mex. to $4 a month, supplying them also with free water The Chinese Mission to Lepers T and other facilities. The association HE Church at home is hardly aware of her share in China in conducts in the village hall a day school for the workers' children (num- one of our modern miracles, the cure bering 150), and an evening school of leprosy by the use of chaulmoogra for adult workers (of whom 45 at- oil. There are about 1,000,000 lepers tend). Through these educational ef- in China, and this discovery will make forts many workers have improved possible a total, though gradual, eradi- their physical, financial and family cation of this fearful disease. What is conditions. The village is an experi- the share of the Church in this great ment center. From many places in the work?

interio.r of China requests have come The central committee in Shanghai for information and advice regarding is entirely Christian. There are four- the improvement of housing condi- teEn asylums for lepers in China, some tions, and attempts have already been at Hangchow, Foochow. Amoy, Pakoy, made in other cities to copy the work Siaokan, Nanchang. The Nanchang of the Pootung Model Village. Asylum, which is nearly completed, The Shanghai Association has re- is costing the sum of $10,000 Mexican,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

practically all of it given by Chinese. rural districts to Chri,st, the coopera- It is located in the open country five tive societies by which he hopes to miles out from the city, and in the develop a communal interest among interval .of building, forty lepers are the Christians of Japan, and the labor living in rented quarters, entirely in- group for whom he plans unemploy- adequate. The modern treatment is ment and sick insurance, as well as an used, and the central committee fi- increasing voice in the political and nances the cost of treatment. A economic life of the land? trained nurse, Chinese, is in charge, while a foreign missionary doctor is The Kingdom of God Movement medical attendant. moves 'On and thousands of "decisions" are being made each week. Peasant Equipment for the new building,s to Gospel schools are being established, the amount of $1,000 Mexican was cooperativ(s and other social programs promised at the meeting of the com- are getting under way, church memmittee in Shanghai in November, at- berships are growing, Christ is being tended by Bishop Huntingdon and the preached fr·om shore to shore in the Rev. Mr. Den, chairman of the Fi- empire. nance Committee of the Nanchang Asylum. Japanese Charity The Chinese Mission to Lepers co- THE influence of the Gospel on operates with the London Mission to Japan in teaching charity has re- Lepers and the American Missi'On to sulted in establishing a number of Lepers. This year it begins a five- charitable institutions. W her e as year program which includes the call- formerly there was no organized charing of a National Leper Conference; ity, now all over the country there are organization of a Central Leprosy charity organizations. Many of these Council; enactment of leper laws; institutions are headed by Japanese establishment of at least one leper Christians. There are asylums for h'Ospital in every affected province; the blind, deaf and dumb and the inopening of leper clinics in every large sanj!. There has been a complete refcity; care and training of untainted ormation in these things. The famous children of lepers.~Virginia E. Hunt- orphanage at Wakayama has f'Or years ington, in The Living Church. cared for thousands upon thousands of 'Orphan children. Show me a hos- JAPAN-CHOSEN pital, an orphanage, an asylum for the aged and infirm, and I will tell Kingdom of God Movement you that it was directly due to the influence of the Gospel which the mis- THE Kingdom of God Movement is sionaries preached and taught.~O!tt­ torn with conflicting ideas and look of Missions. purposes, new vs. old, foreign vs. native, unity vs. established churches. A "Dry" Japanese Boat The heterogeneity of the various elements c.omprising it becomes ap- A CCORDING to the Japan Times, a parent. How can the Japanese denom- tl. 2,000 ton freightzr, the Shima inations bec·ome parties to such a Maru, recently docked at Tokyo with movement without claiming for their a gigantic sign "No Drinking" on respective churches as many of the board. It is Japan's first "dry" boat, "kesshinsha" (decisions) as possible? and it is "bone dry." Its captain, How can fundamentalists and m'Od- Jitsutaro Iwata, is the man who is ernists give their best to such an chiefly responsible for starting the evangelistic campaign without intro- Japan Marine Prohibition League. ducing doctrinal considerations? How Four boats out .of twelve which this can Mr. Kagawa be denied the privi- steamship company owns are observlege of organizing the Peasant Gospel ing prohibition, and the League has schools by which he hopes to train some 200 seamen enrolled. On the 2,500 lay evangelists for winning the

above-mentioned ship, the thirty-eight encouragement within these walls. This seamen all practice teetotalism on friendly spirit is prompted by their reshore as well as aboard ship. ligious ideals, and their noble purpose ought never to be lost sight of by you." "Are you really teetotalers always?" they were asked by newspaper men. The English secretary of the Gov- ernor-General, Mr. N. Kondo, said in "Occasional drinking means no pro- part: hibition, doesn't it?" they replied. I am not representing a government "Don't you drink beer sometimes?" official, but a simple friend who always "Beer is an alcoholic drink." prayed for this school, for its develop- "What do you do on Near Year's ment and success. Furthermore, I am a and Bon days?" Christian, and was educated in a Chris· "We do not touch even ceremonial tian college. Therefore, I thoroughly sake." understand how needed true Christian "But you still drink sake at bars and education is at this age of unrest and cafes ?" materialism. When I see this dedication "No, absolutely not." of the chapel and gymnasium' I simply pray and thank God for His grace thus Advances in Korea revealed in the human heart.

T HE Korea Mission of the South- Graduates of this school are found ern Presbyterian Church, despite a all over Korea, and several are now in reduced force and budget, and an in- American colleges and universities creasingly difficult situation, reports preparing for larger usefulness in the past year as one of the most fruit- Korea. Eighty per cent of the stuful it has ever known. Conversions dents in the Korean Theological Semnumbered 1,337. The ten station inary are from this school. Graduates schools and the many country schools, are teaching in Christian schools all all thoroughly Christian in faculty over Korea, in the high schools and and atmosphere, report a year of in Chosen Christian College. They growth and rich spiritual blessing. are preaching in the pulpits, caring Woman's auxiliaries have grown're- for the ,sick in the hospitals. In busimarkably, the native women showing ness and farming they are reflecting real capacity for leadership. All Bible the light.-John Z. Moore. classes and institutes, both for men and for women, report one of the best GENERAL years in their history, with over 500 The Laymen's Investigation of Misin one class. Thousands of better trained Bible students have thus been sions turned back into the church life. Yet there still remain miles of virgin ter- THE Institute of Social and Reliritory, where no one has ever yet gious Research recently undertook named the name of Christ. an investigation of foreign missions. Groups of investigators went to Asia Dedication at Pyengyang to collect data on various problems of missions. This will be reinforced by THE Methodist Church recently the collection of data available in dedicated a new chapel and gym- America. The Institute is now formnasium for the Boys and the Girls ing a commission of twelve to study High Schools in Pyengyang. Viscount all the information thus collected, to Saito, Governor-General of Chosen, study conditions on the principal miswas present and said: sion fields at first-hand, and then are to formulate the final report. The We should not overlook the fact that announcement of the personnel of this the funds coming from America were the commission shows its character. The result of noble sacrifice on the part of report of this commission is being unknown friends, and were sent as tang- eagerly awaited. The question which ible evidence of good will toward you underlies all others in the mind of and all who will receive instruction and thoughtful church members is not as

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the worthiness of missian work but organization of their evangelistic work whether, for the situatian as it is and terminating on one year's notice all as it gives pramise 'Of becoming, the aid to places that have received fimissianary enterprise is now being nancial aid for ten years or more, and conducted an the wisest, most effective placing all the other statians on a plan. project basis."

For the Blind of the World A Missionary Museum T T HE Mission ta the Blind in Hea- o FURNISH illustrative material then and Bible Lands is helping for the History of Religions and the blind in twenty-one parts of the 'Of the methods and progress of mis- world. Their aim is to save infants, sianary enterprise, Rev. Dr. S. M.

to rescue blind castaways, to support Zwemer, wha occupies the Chair of blind evangelists and Bible women, to Missions in the Theological Seminary help supply Scriptures to the blind. at Princeton, N. J., has begun to col- The twelfth annual report ,shows en- lect material for a missionary library couraging progress and great need. and museum at Princetan. It is nat In Palestine over 90 per cent of the to be a miscellaneous callection 'Of population is said to be suffering from curios, nor a museum of ethnography eye trauble. In India several blind or missianary relics. The church all evangelists are supparted. Other lands over the world is asked to cooperate where help is given ta these sufferers in this enterprise. The classification include China, Japan, Karea, Burma, will include maps, the idea of God, the Philippines, South America, West communion with the unseen, priest- Africa, and Fiji Islands. hood and saintship in all religions, Evangelism and Self-Support revelation and sacred baoks, public warship and religiaus gatherings, and DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS, of the Far- eschatalogy in non-Christian religions. eign Missians Canference, has lately returned fram a taur of the mis- Goodwill Chests T sian fields where he has studied the HE organization which sent 13,000 dolls to the children of Japan, 30,- problems involved in the develupment of self-support. He started an in- 000 Friendship Bags to Mexican vestigatian in Korea under the Na- schaal children, and 28,000 treasure tional Christian Council and launched chests to the Philippines, has Puerto a thorough study in the Philippines Rico on its mind this year. The 200,- under a committee of the National 000 children on that island are our Christian Council. In China he has own people. The committee has arbeen trying to staJ:t several mave- ranged to provide metal chests in ments that will change the prevailing which to placepractice of the use of maney in aid 'Of Iocal churches. He says: "I have 1. A card (to be filled in) stating how an increasing conviction that the un- many lunches the group that sends the wise use of outside financial aid ra- Treasure Chest is providing for boys sults in the killing off 'Of any evan- and girls in Puerto Rico. Each card gelistic spirit that the churches may should represent at least forty hot have. In Amoy we faund that the lunches ($2). A nickel pays for one churches that have been receiving aid hot meal. for fram ten to sixty years were making practically no progress whatever. 2. Pencils, pens, erasers, colored eray- The 'Only growth was in the places ons, a box of paints, toys, small mirrors, hairpins, sewing kits, soap, tooth brushes, etc. Each chest should, if pos- sible, contain at least thirty different articles. where Chinese pastors were supparted Chests may be had for $1.15 each from by the lacal church. As a result of the committee at 289 Fourth Avenue, .the discussiun in Amoy, the Synod New York City, together with a leaflet adopted a plan for the complete re- giving all nece~sary information.-Chris- tian Advocate.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Protestant Cooperation in American Cities. "Evangelism," "Religious Education," By H. Paul Douglass. 514 pp. $3.50 net. Institute of Social and Religious "Social Service,''' "Oooperation by Research, New York. 1931. PrDtestant Women," "Promotion and "Dr. Douglass is at once the historian and the friendly critic of the Publicity." In his own summary of Church Federation Movement. Basing his conclusions upon an exhaus- the ·situatiDn, Dr. DDuglass says: tive study of the origins, history and achievements of the Church Federa- All the machinery of the church vistions in twenty of America's largest ible, as it exists in the American city, cities, he raises questions that are has come to pass according to no general startling and ~ontroversial. Have the plan and no unity of Protestant purpose. Federations come to the parting of What the city presents is a vast spectacle the ways, when they must abandon of churches and allied agencies accithe opportunistic policy of the past dentally founded as to numbers, locaand adopt some basic philosophy of tions and distribution. There is a church cooperation? Does not the plethora of religious institutions….. No ecclesiastical control of the Federa- rational intelligence would plan such retions lag behind the ideals and as- ligious institutions of the city as have pirations of their lay supporters? Is resulted from the crude struggle for surit true that the favorite phrase of vival. To undo the unreason of the past, Federations to express their aims, and now to substitute a system of re- 'What best can be done in common,' ligious organizations in the American has come to mean in practice 'What city, thus becomes a major problem of will not hurt the denominations?'" a generation that is attempting the re- conquest of its civilizaUon and of itself in urban terms through the greatest ex- periment of all times … That the problem belongs to the situation and not merely to Protestant stupidity is evidenced by the complicated internal organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the same cities.

-Foreword. As a part of his technique the au- lt is not an exaggeration to say thor uses various measurements of "the distance feeling" between varhlUs that the study is exhaustive if one groups. One of his basic charts rests means voluminous. Twenty-four chap- upon the survey~d attitudes of 1,780 ters, five appendices, in addition to a Protestant constituents in nine cities. useful index with twenty-nine tables, Even this small and scattered group six appendix tables and fifteen graphic came from the cDnstituents 'Of Church charts constitute the framewDrk of Federations. One wDnders whether the volume. In Part 1, entitled "The sweeping generalizatiDns covering General Report," Dr. Douglass pre- "distance feelings" are justified by SD sents such themes as "DenDmination- relatively small a number of source alism and Religious Partisanship," contacts. "The Church Federation Movement," "Oooperative Activities," "Present Dr. Douglass completes his verdict Limits of Federative Cooperation," upon the Federation mDvement by "Currents and Eddies of Federation sensing as its chief lack, that "it is Thinking." In Part II, entitled "The not profDund enough for the ends Technical Report," the author dis- which it seeks." He feels that it cusses such matters as "The Com- succeeds in accomplishing certain mittee System," "The Paid Staff," practical purpDses by the utilization 554

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'Of naive impulses and "the aVDidance like inexhaustibleness of His life and 'Of majDr difficulties" and nDt because work. Although He lived amDng men either 'Of deep and clear thinking Dr nineteen centuries agG, new accounts 'Of candid and sacrificial leadership. of His brief days 'On earth are still The FederatiDn MDvement, in 'Other appearing year by year in an attempt words, is hDpelessly DPPDrtunistic, at to shed new light on His character the present time. It 'Only dDes what and ministry. Mr. Mathews, whD is practically all the cDDperating fDrces well known for his life ·of "Living- are willing tD have dDne. It is an stone the Pathfinder," and "Paul the 'Open secret that the authDr's desire Dauntless" and 'Other excellent vol- is tD have the enterprise launch 'Out umes, visited Palestine a number 'Of intD the deep. The data he has times to make himself familiar with gathered SD painstakingly affDrd 'One the background of this wonderful life.

scant hGpe that such an excursiDn intD With a critical mind, but a devout the open sea is abDut to be undertaken. Christian spirit, he studied the land, Federations will cDntinue to have an the peDple and the BODk. He alSD interesting but subDrdinate place in gathered many modern sidelights the thinking of American PrDtestant- frDm archeDlogy and Oriental life in ism. It may even lead tD further order to make this a readable and re- wholesome reactiDn from the recDg- liable story of the earthly life of the nized perils and evils 'Of sectarianism. God-man, the SaviDur-LDrd.

On the whDle it will move abDut as Mr. Mathews draws chiefly on the fast as a ·slow moving Protestantism records of the four Evangelists which permits. If it should move much he accepts as authentic in all majDr faster it would become a sporadic matters. They are in fact our 'Only spectacle. "Protestant Cooperation in reliable SDurce of knDwledge of Jesus'

American Cities" is a fair minded earthly life. He omits the "virgin presentatiDn 'Of a situation saturated birth" as recorded in Matthew and with traditionalism and 'Only faintly Luke, but states his belief that St.

tinged with elements 'Of aggressive Luke's narrative 'Of the early years Is -spiritual discovery and achievement. based on infDrmation given to the It is a mirrDr 'Of our PrDtestant be- writer by the Mother 'Of Jesus. He havior when we make polite calls upDn dDes nDt hesitate tD accept, as worthy 'Our denominatiDnal neighbors. One of belief, the miracles, such as the may rub the glass to see whether by feeding 'Of the five thousand, walking some hidden magic, puppets will be- 'On the water, the transfiguratiDn, heal- CDme soldiers and mere interdenomi- ing the sick, cleansing the lepers, cast- national activities will be transformed ing out demons and raising the dead.

intD vital, united Christian passion. He does not attempt to minimize or Now and then gleams 'Of such a trans- explain them on a naturalistic basis formation seem to appear, but they or as due to the common but mistaken are nebulDus and ephemeral. Dr. beliefs of the peDple 'Of His day. The Douglass' volume leads us nDwhere, physical resurrection and appearances gives vivid analyses without cDnclu- of Jesus are also accepted as recDrded sive issues. That is both its strength in the New Testament.

and its weakness; and both are in- We have here a well written, herent in the situatiGn which he SD st "aight fDrward narrative of Jesus' faithfully and intelligently depicts. life on earth, as viewed by a devDut student who accepts Him as personal W.H.F. SaviDur and Lord. It is not a Bible The Life of Jesus. By Basil Mathews. exposition Dr an interpretation of 506 pp. $3.00. Richard R. Smith, Jesus, His teachings and ministry but New York. 19.31. is interesting and helpful and, from a One evidence of the deity of Jesus literary and Christian point 'Of view, is His undying influence and the God- takes its place amDng the best.

The Reform M~"ement in Judaism. David the advocates of the one claiming that Philipson, D.D. 503 pp. $4.50. MAc- millan. New York. Judaism's truth will eventually prevail This is a revised edition of Dr. without active efforts being put forth Philipson's scholarly volume, published in 1907. During the past twenty-four to gain adherents to its doctrines, years much has happened in the field of reform in Judaism, and this volume while others hold that there are at has incorporated much valuable supplemental material and brings the present great opportunities for Judachanges which have taken place in the reform movement up-to-date. ism, and that if the proper steps were In opposition to orthodoxy, which is taken, many who are dissatisfied with largely static, reform Judaism seeks to adapt the fundamental principles of other creeds will eagerly take refuge the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life and thought. It main- within its ranks." That men and tains that God's revelation is progressive, and that Judaism has within women born outside the Jewish faith itself the authority to adapt this revelation to the changing conditions of do become identified with it is evisuccessive ages. Dr. Philipson traces the growth of the reform movement denced by the action of the Central from its inception in Germany early in the nineteenth century to our own Conference which, in 1891, laid down generation, and particularly in the United States. the conditions upon which proselytes The departure of reform Judaism should be received into the Jewish from orthodoxy is seen at very many points. The reform house of worship fold, and which, in 1927, adopted a is named a temple instead of a synagogue; the service is largely in the manual for the instruction of prosevernacular; it brings together the sexes in the family pew, and makes use lytes. J. S. C. of the organ and mixed choir; it rejects the belief in the coming of a per- Waste-Basket Surgery. By Gordon S. Seasonal Messiah, and is opposed to the grave. 174 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. restoration of Israel, as a nation, to Philadelphia. 1930. Palestine. The dispersion of the Jews is regarded as a providential means of Here is an intimate picture of medfulfilling the Jewish mission, rather ical mission work on the Chinese fronthan as a punishment for sin, as taught tiers of civilization. In America where by orthodoxy. The Mosaic and rabbin- comforts and luxuries surround us ical ritual regulations are largely dis- many are unable to realize the condicarded as foreign to the views and tions that exist in lands less favored. habits of modern civilization, and as In this book we see the work of a busy lacking in spiritual value. Reform physician who talks while he works. holds that ethical monotheism and What he sees as he makes his rounds loyalty to the Jewish heritage are the in the hospital wards and busy clinics fundamentals of Judaism. would be depressing were it not for his unfailing humor in the midst ofa dif- The question of whether Judaism ficult situation. We see them moving should seek proselytes is one that has patients about on doors, using a sadreceived much consideration by the dle pony as an ambulance; operating leaders of reform. Dr. Philipson says: on a dirt floor with instruments sal- "There are two well-defined positions, vaged from the waste-basket of an American hospital; there is very in- adequate sterilization; ignorant pa- tients tear open stitches of their own wounds. In spite of these handicaps, poor nursing, and over-crowded con- ditions with little or no assistance, the missionary phy·sician goes cheer- ily on his way, making the best of a difficult situation.

In six short years fear and super- stition were broken down and replaced by love and confidence. Kachins and Shans from two tribes that are sworn enemies, meet together in the wards of this humble institution and each

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learn that after all the other is not presentation of His Gospel. He thereso bad. Hindus, Burmese and Chi- f'Ore makes the Church central in any nese; Buddhists and Christians, oc- adequate scheme of village developcupy beds side by side and learn to ment and points the way to the reenjoy each other's fellowship. Such building of rural life in accordance a work of love and mercy cannot be with the Law of God. in vain. The plan of the book is thus de- Ignorant and poorly educated na- scribed: tive girls are being trained to become good nurses and able midwives. Such To describe as briefly as possible those a service is heroic and represents the conditions in rural India which form the type of work that must be done in background of the missionary enterprise; these outlying areas before they can to outline the movement for rural uplift; be opened to modern civilization. to indicate some of the means for strengthening village work in the light These humble beginnings are foun- of the larger Christian purposes; to sugdation ·stones on which schools and gest methods of cooperation of Christian colleges with modern medical insti- and other forces; and to try to show that tutions and complicated public health leadership in the task of erecting an adeorganizations are to be built in the quate rural civilization in India is part future. If American people could pro- of a common world task for the Christian duce more of this sort of men, and Church. had the spirit to back them up with money and prayers, this work might Dr. Butterfield, with ready intuition, be advanced so as to uslrer in the marks the ·significance of the movekingdom of our Lord and Saviour. ment in India, where village uplift means the recovery of a lost ideal, the J.H. W. rebuilding of a broken village unity, and he finds in "reconstruction" the The Christian Mission ill Rural India. By fitting word. He is not unmindful, Kenyon L. Butterfield. Rs. 2. N.C.C. however, of the law of change and he Office, Nelson Square, Nagpur, C.P. sees little likelihood of the Indian vil- lage being refashioned according to This book is a permanent and read- the plan of a golden age; but he knows able record of an important piece of the beauty and value of community work faithfully done. In the grow- life and believes they can be restored. ing literature on rural reconstruction The "rural reconstruction unit," sums it will hold an influential place. The up the Butterfield rural philosophy. accuracy and balance of a state docu- Here is his own definition: ment are here allied to fine human feeling and informed by an unhesitat- A rural reconstruction unit is a group ing Christian view of life. Facts are of contiguous villages, perhaps ten to fifmarshalled by a scientific hand and teen in number, in which as full a proconclusions are drawn by a trained gram as possible of rural reconstruction observer. But the book is more than service shall be made available to all peoa storehouse of well sifted information ple. All agencies for educational, health, and accumulated wisdom, it is a con- economic, and social progress will be fession of faith on the part of a dis- urged to pool their efforts through some ciple who sees in the weather-beaten form of community council, in an at- Indian peasant the divinely appointed tempt to get the people to cooperate in steward of the soil and in every field building a new type of Indian rural coma temple of God. In this approach to munity. The Church must lead in the the rural problem lies the real sig- endeav·or to make the enterprise thornificance of the book. To Dr. Butter- oughly Christian in spirit. field village uplift is more than an attractive form of Christian philan- By serving the two great purposes thropy: it is an inevitable expression of demonstration and inspiration the of· the Spirit of Christ, a living rural reconstruction unit points the way to the building of a truly Chris- tian rural civilization. It is an en- deavor to bring to bear all the uplift- ing influences associated with the

Christian message on the life of the and that this Council should do everycountryside, and thereby opens the ~hing in its power to further such a polgates of the more abundant life to all the people, irrespective of caste, creed ICy.

J. Z. HODGE.* or social position. Among these up- Religion and Civilization in West Africa. lifting influences the primary place must be given to the Church, wherein A Missionary Survey of French Brit- resides the "strong central driving ish, Spanish and Portuguese' We8t force" which the Report of the Royal Africa, with Liberia. By J. J. Cooksey Commission on Agriculture holds to and Alexander McLeish. pp. 277. 58. be essential to the carrying through World Dominion Press. London. 1931. of schemes of village uplift. Allied to the Church must be the school, for The oft quoted words of David Liv- "education is the fundamental meth- ingstone: "The end of the geographod" and the schoolma,ster has a great ical feat is the beginning of the mispart to play in rebuilding rural India. sionary enterprise" could be applied But Church and school must not be to this and the other admirable surleft to fight the good fight alone, the veys prepared by the World Dominion home, the hospital and the cooperative Press. Some earlier volumes in the bank have a contribution of inesti- series have been criticised because of mable value to make. Unrelieved suf- inaccuracies, but this is of high charfering abounds and the hospital is acter, with excellent maps, statistical usually far away, an endeavor must tables, and carefully collected facts. therefore be made to provide a med- The foreword contains a list of names that inspire.g confidence in the reader.

ical and health service, and this the The whole survey covers twenty rural reconstruction unit sets out to colonies in West Africa and impresses do. A sufficiency of Christian homes one with the rapid occupation and the and a network of well-run cooperative stupendous changes that have taken banks together with the resources of place within a few decades. Railways, the rural church, the rural school and good roads, air routes, and better the rural hospital would turn these steamer connections are rapidly trans- debt and disease ridden villages into forming all West Africa. Its wealth "colonies of heaven." of natural resources is being poured Dr. Butterfield's heritage to India into the world markets. Christian is the rural reconstruction unit. It is missions have labored under grave a call to churches and missions to difficulties from the beginning. The enter unitedly and hopefully into a death roll has been great, and the great field of service. Guidance will average period of life service short.

be found in these pages for all who Furloughs are neces-sarily frequent, have a mind to serve rural India and but meanwhile a Christian Commuwe earnestly hope that the book will nity of 313,599 has grown up. The be widely read. Dr. Butterfield has story of the remarkable increase due given us a splendid lead. His plan to the "Prophet" Harris is told here has been endorsed by the National and reference is made to other Afri- Christian Council in these well- can leaders.

weighed words: The account of Liberia does not It is our considered judgment that the mention the recent drastic criticisms creation of Rural Reconstruction Units of the Government as to slavery. The having their roots in the great human in- conclusions at the end of the Survey terests of the Church, the school, home, speak of missionary waste and overthe hospital and the bank, and reaching lapping, because of sectarianism. The out in the spirit of Christ through co- following criticism of educational op.eration ~o serve. the religious, educational, medIcal, SOCIal and economic needs * From The National Christian OounciZ Reof all the rural people should be the view. united policy of missions and churches

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missions in West Afr{ca may not meet knowledge, or even of performance- which may be divorced from real inwith universal approval. terest-but also and perhaps su- premely a matter of appreciation, of In view of the fact that such serious identifying self with the thing known objections can be urged against the na- and done, the author tells of his perture of much of the secular education, ·sonal experience wi th the Lincoln also that Christian education is so very monument, the facts about which he inadequately done, that three-quarters of knew and to which he paid an initial the missionaries are now engaged in edu- visit. The monument so won his cational undertakings, that Government whole self, that on his next visit to now controls the educational policy and Washington he spent his spare time will more and more direct it, a reconsid- in lying on the grass on the lawn in eration of the wh{)le educational activi- front, drinking in the beauty and meaning of it. s. ties of missions is called for. Prof. Fleming's work is thoroughly M. Z. modern. He emphasizes the newest ideas regarding education and psy- Education for World-Mindedness. By Al- chology. The mathematics teacher, bert John Murphy. Abingdon Reli- in order to teach John geometry, must gious Education Texts, College Series. not only know geometry, but even 366 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press. 1931. more he must know John. He stresses response and initiative and "doing" This is presumably a manual for on the part of the pupil, or of the National in the mission field. college classes, and particularly for He contrasts those who from the teachers. Its title is descriptive of beginning have developed or promoted or waited for the initiative, the planits scope. Among other phases of its ning and the execution of needed tasks by the Nationals, with those who, by subject, it deals with missions. The the help of authority and funds have author acknowledges his indebt~dness carried the tasks through, or have at- tempted so to do. The results seem to Professor John Dewey, and his edu- to justify the former method.

cational point of view is that of this Running through the book is a very profound respect for the sanctity of well-known teacher and philosopher. each individual, however weak or ig- norant or suppressed such a person His approach to missions is of the may be. Thus in dealing with com- pulsory Bible teaching in mission distinctly liberal type and is indicated schools, 'our author says: "There are two sides to this big question of reby the characterization of the "demo- quired Bible teaching in mission schools, and it will therefore be absurd cratic concept of missions" as "shared to try to settle the question in a few paragraphs. In hosts of places it does religious values," as against "the un- not have the atmosphere of coercion, and little harm, if any, is done from social concept of missions" as "uncom- that aspect of the matter. But what we are here pointing out is that it is promlsmg attitudes toward other incontestable that in many places it does have all the characteristics of a religions, ror example, 'Give up Bud- coercion experience, and that in every place where Bible classes and chapel dhism and accept Christianity.''' The book is more adapted to teachers than to students. While there is much that is commendable about it, the author apparently does not know missions sufficiently to have made his volume particularly useful in introducing stu- dents to the subject. K. S. L.

Helping People Grow. An Application of Educational Principles to Christian Work Abroad. By Daniel J. Fleming. 208 pp. $2.50. Association Press. New York. 1931.

This book applies the principle teachings of modern psychology and education to the problems of foreign missions with lucidity, helpfulness and objectivity. Some of the illustrations are very happy. In driving home the fact that education is not only a matter of understanding, of acquiring

are required for students of another China's Revolution from the Inside. By religion and race, those responsible should be most alert to know what is R. Y. Lo, Ph.D. 370 pp. $2. Abingactually going on within the minds don Press. New York. and hearts of the students." There are numerous books on China The writer of this review, questions some of the author',s modern principles by foreigners, but comparatively few as not going to the roots of human by the Chinese themselves. This one life. Prof. Fleming seems to say that if one knew all that the modern edu- is doubly welcome. The author is one cators of America had to say about human nature and educational prin- of the influential and constructive ciples, one could go out and always do Christian leaders of China. Educated the right thing and always apply the right principle. But human nature is first at a missionary college and afterfar too subtle and environment is far too complex and changeable for any ward in America, a Doctor of Philossuch intellectual or educational solu- ophy of Syracuse University, he has tion of the intricate problems of hu- been editor of the Chtnese Christian man growth. Advocate at Shanghai for the last ten years. He is a member of several in- In the book there throbs no supreme terdenominational Christian bodies, passion for righteousness, justice, mercy and self-immolating suffering and is chairman of the National Antifor others-without which there is no helping people grow. The major Opium Association .of China. thesis of the book is that if you put the Nationals always as supreme, and He gives a birds-eye view of the Revolution, and then discusses the various movements that are surging in present-day China, closing with the WomAn's Movement and the Christian Movement. The book is written in excellent English, and is character- ized by ability, soundness of judgment and Christian spirit. A. J. B.

if you glorify the native church, you Guinness of Honan. By Mrs. Howard will be right, but that if you promote Taylor. 322 pp. $1.75. China Inland anything foreign you will be wrong. Mission. Philadelphia.

This whole contrast tends to run with Missionary biography is enriched the modern mania for Nationalism. by this interesting and attractive There is much to be said for this volume. The beloved medical missi:::m- trend, but if Christianity ever loses ary whose life story is recorded .in the certain knowledge that Christ is its pages opened, with Dr. Sydney supreme above nations and National- Carr, the first hospital in the Province ism, that one can never be an Ameri- of Honan, China, and for thirty years can first and a Christian afterwards, he toiled there with indefatigable then indeed Christianity and Christian energy, professional skill, humanita- missions are done for. rian sympathy, and Christ-like dev.o- The book does not go deep enough; tion. He was a man of faith and it accepts uncritically all of modern prayer, eager to help in saving the thought with little discrimination. It souls as well as the bodies of his nu- treats superficially the whole problem merous patients. His hospital at Kai- of evil in relation to the growth of feng was not only a place of physical personality. By this time we ,should healing but of spiritual power. The have some very eminent examples of hardships of life in the interior of living from these American theorists, China were many and the peril some- were the deepest truths contained in times great, but all were cheerfully this volume. The book should be read met "for Jesus sake" and the people by Christian workers, because it pre- for whom He died. The preparation sents one aspect of the truth that we of this biography was a labor of love all need to understand. by his sister. A. J. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1930

THE WEEK OF PRAYER BEGAN IN 1857-LUDHIANA

Gifts for 1:1 the June Bride W) Reg. u.s Ibr. Off.

Something "hoth of them" will enjoy- Household Linens, Decorative Linens, Occa- sional Furniture or Tudric Pewter, Pottery or any Gift Novelty from the famous House of Liberty, Londou I We'll attend to the appropriate wrappiug of your selection if you tell us it's a wedding gift.

McCutcheon~s FIFTH AVENUE AT 49 STREET Department No. 20 Telephone VOLunteer 1000 The New York PERSONALS Sabbath DR. FRANCIS L. PATTON, former Presi- Committee dent of Princeton Theological Seminary, has accepted appointment as life member The old reliable defender of a of the reorganized Board of Control of weekly rest day with the privilege Princeton Seminary. Dr. Patton is 87 of worship for everybody. Sup- years of age, and is now living at his ported entirely by voluntary con- native home in Bermuda. tributions. .. • * D. J. McMILLAN General Secretary DR. S. H. LITTELL was consecrated Bishop of the missionary district of E. FRANCIS HYDE Honolulu on February 27, to succeed Rt. Treasurer Rev. John D. LaMothe, who died in Baltimore in 1928. Room 231 Bible House, Astor Place, New York City **• MISS CLARA E. NORCUTT, Secretary of the Baptist Woman's Home Mission So- ciety, has resigned after more than ..twenty years of service.

• *• REV. W. E. COUSINS, who was sent to Madagascar by the L. M. S. in 1862, bas recently celebrated his ninetieth birthday. , Mr. Cousins has lived to see the Malagasy Christians contribute more for the sup- port of their churches than does the Lon- .. .. .. don Missionary Society.

DR. ARTHUR TITIUS, member of the Continuation Committee of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, is a visitor in the United States as the Please mention Tam MISSIONARY RmVImw OF "alii WORLD In writinl: to advertisers. special guest of several religious or- COMING EVENTS ganizations. Prof. Titius is a Professor May 28-June 2-NoRTHERN BAPTIST CON- in the Lutheran Theological Seminary in VENTION, Cleveland, Ohio. .. . . Berlin. May 29-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBY- THE REv. DR. WM. DOUGLAS MAC- TERIAN CHURCH IN U. S. A., Cincin- KENZIE, after 26 years of efficient ad- nati, Ohio. ministration as President of Hartford June 5-10-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED Seminary Foundation, has retired, and the Rev. Dr. Robbins W. Barstow, pastor CHURCH IN AM., Asbury Park, N. J. of the First Congregational Church, Madison, Wisconsin, has been elected to June 6-14-NATIONALCONFERENCE OF succeed him. Dr. Mackenzie was noted for hili missionary interest. He was SOCIAL WORK, Boston, Mass. born in South Africa, the son of an June 7-8-ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE English missionary, and he was instrumental in adding the Kennedy School of NATIONAL FEDERATION OF MEN'S BI- Missions to the Theological Seminary in BLE CLASSES, Washington, D. C. Hartford. June 9-14–ANNUAL CONFERENCE, HE- Dr. Barstow spent two years as a teacher in the American Board College BREW C H R1ST I A N ALLIANCE OF at Mardin, Turkey, and shares the mis- AMERICA, Chicago, Ill. sionary interest of his predecessor. June 11-15-AFRICAN METHODIST EPIS- COPAL ZION CHURCH, New York, N. Y. June 12-PROVINCIAL SYNOD, NORTHERN PROVINCE, MORAVIAN CHURCH, Beth- lehem, Pa. June 16-20–AsSOCIATION OF EXECUTIVE S E CRE TAR I E S OF COUNCILS OF OBITUARY CHURCHES, Chicago, 111. .

DR. JOHN EGBERT STEVENS, a medical June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, YOUNG missionary of the Presbyterian Church, died at Tucson, Arizona, April 13. Dr. WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, Stevens was engaged in medical work at Miraj, India, since 1919 and had re- Geneva, Switzerland. turned to the United States last August in an effort to regain his health. June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF *** RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, Can.

DR. GEORGE WILLIAM CARTER, Secre- June 24-July 5-CONFERENCE FOR tary of the New York Bible Society for the past twenty-three years, died at his CHURCH WORK, Wellesley College, home, March 19, at the age of sixty-three. Since 1911 he had been in the ministry Wellesley, Mass. of the Reformed Church in America. June 27-July 8–M. E. M. CONFERENCE, .. * .. Silver Bay-an-Lake, George, N. Y. THE RT. REV. HERBERT SHIPMAN, suffragan bishop of New York, died sud- June 28-July 5-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, denly in New York City, March 23. He Blue Ridge, N. C. .. .. was sixty-one years of age. July 1-8–GOOD WILL PILGRIMAGE OF DR. WILLIAM WILSON, who opened medical missionary work in the ancient cap- AMERICAN CONGREGATIONALISTS TO ital of Shehsi in 1882, died ~ebruary 8, at the age of seventy-seven. THE INTERNATIONAL CONGREGATION- AL COUNCIL, Bournemoth, England.

July 5-August 17-LAMBETH CONFER- ENCE OF ANGLICAN COMMUNION, London.

July 8-18-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Asilo- mar, Calif.

July 22-August I-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Seabeck, Wash.

August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- many.

August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- LIGION, Basel, Switzerland.

THE REV. GEORGE ANDREW, who had August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- just completed forty-nine years of mis- VENTION, Chicago, 111.

sionary service in China, died February August 19-24-G ENE R AL CONFERENCE, 10, at Chefoo. He was seventy-three SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, … years old. Salem, W. Va.

August 24-27 – EVANGELICAL BROTHER- THE REV. YORKE SCARLETT, stationed HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., by the London Missionary Society at Tientsin in 1924, was murdered by ban- NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, .. . . dits at Peitaho, China, April 2. Ill.

BISHOP KOGORO UZAKI, of the Japan August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- Methodist Church since 1919, died in Tokyo, April 2. He was the third bishop TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON elected by the Japan M~thodist Church in twenty-three years. FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- land.

August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND . WORK, Vevey, Switzerland. THE MISSIONARY I ANNUITIES REVIEW OF THE WORLD ARE DeLAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor BETTER THAN ARTHUR J. BROWN. Editor Jor .19M LANDS-For they must be im- proved and cultivated. CONTENTS–June, 1930 BUILDINGS–For they must be Page rented and repaired. FRONTISPIECE-Where the Week of RAILROAD STOCKS-For they Prayer Began in 1857 …………. . fluctuate in value. PENTECOST …………………… 405 HOME MISSIONS AND PENTECOST .. MORTGAGES – For foreclosure is often necessary. · ……………… WILLIAM R. KING 406 WITH STANLEY JONES IN INDIA .,. CASH-For that draws only 4 % • •••••••.••••••• " II AUL J. BRAISTED 411 on Savings Accounts.

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LUI, No. 6 June

THE MISSIONARY Of tae PENTECOST* T HE first Day of Pentecost to yield ourselves wholly to Him, after the resurrection of and to trust and to obey. Christ marks an epoch in the history of the world. On this day The fulfillment of the promise the ascended Christ by His divine was begun on the Day of Pente- Spirit so empowered His disciples cost. The fulfillment of the promise that as a result of their testimony is being continued today. Pentethree thousand souls were added cost has not passed. Wherever the to their number, and, under the followers of Christ are faithfully influence of this same Spirit, all and loyally proclaiming the same the believers were bound into a full Gospel, the same results are brotherhood which was character- being produced. Whenever Christ ized by gladness and peace and joy- is presented in all the completeness fulness and love. of His divine Person and His aton- ing work, then, by His Presence We need to be reminded that, in and by the power of His Spirit, a true if in a symbolic sense, the men are not only convicted of sin Day of Pentecost continues still. and of righteousness and of judg- We are living in that privileged, ment, but are converted to faith wondrous Day. If we yearn for in Him. Let us prove ourselves fit more spiritual power, if we seek instruments for His use, free from for more fruitfulness in our serv- pride, free from self-seeking, free ice, if we long for more loveliness from bigotry and bitterness, seekand beauty of character, let us re- ing only the glory of the Lord, and member that we need not wait for then, whatever our station in life, redemption to be accomplished, for whether our testimony is that of Christ to be glorified, for the Spir- public speech or the more eloquent it to be given. We are not bidden witness of a pure life and a loving to "tarry in Jerusalem"; that for and generous heart, even through which the disciples waited has us will be accomplished something been accomplished. The Day of of the supreme work now being Pentecost has fully come. The Spir- carried on in the world by the it, by the same mode of operation, Spirit of Christ, who is one with using the same truth, is ready the Spirit of God. through us to manifest Christ in Pentecostal power if we are ready o fill me with thy fulness, Lord, Ch:~~~8.Ji~8Er:J':a~:The Spirit of Christ," by Until my every heart o'erflow In kindling thought and glowing word, Thy love to tell, Thy praj~e to show.

405

MISSIONS AND

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

Secretary Home Missions Oouncil H OME Missions began when stirred by tremendous emotions; our Lord appointed the sev- new spiritual energies were strug- enty "and sent them two by gling for release. Why the delay?

two before his face into every city This question is all the more sigand place whither he himself nificant when we think of the would come." The first Home Mis- equipment of the disciples at the sion report was made when "the time of this conversation with their seventy returned again with joy risen Lord. They were already saying, "Lord, even the devils are well prepared; their qualifications subject unto us through thy name." were by no means negligible. Home Missions began, therefore, They had an intimate, personal, before Pentecost. But it was a experimental knowledge of Christ; small beginning, touching only they knew Him; they knew His those places Christ Himself was to teachings; they had seen His visit, and' limited to a small group works; they had felt the power of of workers. The movement was His life and example. This knowl- soon interrupted and disorganized edge of Christ was a source of by the opposition of the Church, re- power-"Kowledge is power." The suIting in the crucifixion of Christ. man who knows has weight. Ad- After the resurrection, our Lord dison said, "Knowledge is indeed gave to his disciples the great com- that which, next to virtue, truly mission. They were to begin with and essentially raises one man Home Missions-"Ye shall be wit- above another." That was one of nesses unto me both in Jerusalem the secrets of Christ's power. He and in all Judea and in Samaria knew. "He spoke as one having and unto the uttermost part of the authority." Peter said, "For we earth." But before they should be- have not followed cunningly de- gin their work they were to wait vised fables when we made known for Pentecost–"And behold, I send unto you the power and coming of the promise of my Father upon our Lord Jesus Christ, but were you; but tarry ye in the city of eyewitnesses of his majesty." John Jerusalem until ye be endued with said, "That which we have seen power from on high." with our eyes, which we have It must have been a surprise and looked upon, and our hands have a disappointment to the disciples handled of the word of life; that to be told by their risen Lord that which we have seen and heard dethey were not ready to start out on clare we unto you." They had the their mission to spread the "good power of knowledge.

news" of the resurrection to the They had also settled and grip- people of their own country and to ping convictions. AIl their doubts the world. Eagerly and joyously had been dispelled by the resurrec- they had carried it to their own tion and the "many infallible limited groups. The fires of a new proofs" during the forty days.

enthusiasm were burning within Conviction is power. People will them; their whole beings were listen to men who speak out of 406 great convictions. A noted infidel, ful ministry is the Holy Spirit in when chided for listening to a great the preacher. It was so even in the preacher with the words: "Why do ministry of Jesus. In all his words you listen to him, you do not oe- and works and ways He was lieve what he is saying," replied, energized and led by the Holy "No, but he does." Great preachers Spirit. Preachers may have all have always been men of great con- knowledge, all conviction, all in- victions. The disciples had the sight into the Scriptures, but if dynamic of conviction. they have not the Holy Spirit they Furthermore, the disciples had are as "sounding brass and tinkling mental illumination – intellectual symbols." The great power in the insight. "Then opened He their Church in all ages has been the understanding that they might Holy Spirit. This is our great need understand the Scripture." They today. Is this not where we are had been made to see the necessity failing in our home missionary of the crucifixion, the fact of the work, and in all the work of the resurrection and the meaning of Church? Surely the Church has the great commission. This was the power of knowledge, of convic- power. Insight into the Scriptures tion, and of intellectual insight into carries great weight. The preacher the Scriptures. When did it ever who is wise and learned in the have such equipment along these Scriptures has power. Great lines as today? . We have learned preachers are scriptural preachers. preachers, passi.onate reformers, All these things the disciples had great scholars. Why not results?

-knowledge, conviction, spiritual We are where the disciples were insight. But they had to wait for before Pentecost. We have mar- another power, something outside velous eqUipment, great endow- themselves, something above them- ments, almost superhuman wis- selves – the power of the Holy dom, but men are not changed, the Spirit. It would be interesting to world is not saved. Our supreme stop here to inquire why they need is another Pentecost.

needed this power from above, not But the particular thing that in- of themselves. The answer is to terests me just now is, Why did be found in the nature of the work the disciples have to wait? Why to be done. It was not a work of could not the Holy Spirit have education, merely; knowledge is come upon them then and there?

not enough. It was not a work of For two reasons.

reform, merely; conviction is not First, the disciples needed to get enough. It was not a work of together. They had not been scriptural interpretation, merely; united. They were not together.

theology is not enough. It was a There were rivalries, jealousies, work of regeneration, the changing contentions among them. Stanley of men's essential nature. The Jones, in the "Christ of Every Kingdom of God consists of people Road," points out in his graphic who are themselves a new creation. way their disunity, as shown in the The work of regeneration is the ninth chapter of Luke. "They work of the Holy Spirit. The new clashed as individuals (v. 56), as birth comes from above-not from groups (v. 49), as races (VB. 52- below or from within. 54)." So long as these disunities The effective power in a success- existed the Holy Spirit could not

come. The importance of unity as as well as spiritual laws in the a condition of the receiving of the natural world. Dr. Herman C. Holy Spirit is shown in the special Weber, in his illuminating book, emphasis given in Acts 1: 4 and "Evangelism," points out the peaks 2: l-"With one accord" (homo- of evangelistic revivals in America thumodon) from amos – together, with a set of very interesting and and thumos, spirit or passion. To- informing charts and graphs. He gether in spirit or passion. Not shows that these high peaks have until they got together "with one come in the fulness of the times accord," one spiritual purpose and when conditions were ripe; with passion, did the Holy Spirit come the coming of great men like with power upon them. .The Holy Finney, Whitefield, Moody and others; or, with the occurrence of Spirit will not come upon or work great events like the World's Fair through a divided Church. The in Chicago and the Congress of Reweakness of the Church today is in ligions; or, with the rise of great its divisions. Christ is not divided, movements like the Christian Enneither can the Holy Spirit be di- deavor Movement and the Student vided. In the unity of the Church Volunteer Movement. is its strength. Are ~ve approaching another In the second place, Christ was Pentecost? It seems that there are timing the coming of the Holy indications of a coming revival of real religion and spiritual power in Spirit for a definite time and occa- the Church when the Holy Spirit sion-Pentecost. Pentecost was the will have again an unusual oppor- tunity to demonstrate His power. festival of the first fruits of the StanleyJones, in his recent book, harvest. It was one of the great says, "The world ground is being occasions of the Jewish year. Peo- prepared for a spiritual awakenple would be there from all regions, ing on a very extensive scale," and all nations and languages. There mentions five factors working to could not have been a more strate- this end: "The scientific attitude gic occasion for the outpouring of toward life, the trend toward exthe Holy Spirit. It sent them all perience, the present note of wistback as missionaries. When Paul went out on his missionary tours, fulness in men, the breakdown of he found little groups of Christians every way but Christ's way, the and incipient churches in many Christ-centric trend in religion." places ready to receive him. However this may be, is it not true that the two things for which the The Holy Spirit does, of course, disciples had to wait are coming to work when and where and how pass in unusual ways in these days? He pleases. He is not limited to occasions, or places, or times; but First, the churches are getting is it not true that all down through together. They are coming "to one the history of the Church He has accord"-one mind, one spirit, one chosen to work powerfully at par- purpose. Of course, we have a long ticular times when the Church was way to go yet, but we are on the in a proper mind and spirit, and way. That is a great gain. The when the times were ripe for great very fact that we have our faces manifestation of power? There in that direction is encouraging. The most significant sign of the are times and seasons in nature, why not in religion? There are natural laws in the spiritual world

HOME MISSIONS AND PENTECOST

times in the religious life of the Surely the churches are coming world today is the rising tide of more and more to be of one accord. interest in cooperation and church This is the first condition of anunion. Regardless of what anyone other Pentecost. of us may think about it, it is coming. It is safe to say that never, Second, the times are ripening since the Reformation, has there for another outpouring of the Holy been a time when there was so Spirit. There are two very sigmuch serious thought and discus- nificant indications of this. sion given to this subject as today. Never has there been a time when In the first place the whole world there were so many movements to- is feeling the need of power that ward church union as today. More it does not have. In spite of the has been accomplished during the fact that there never has been a last decade than during the pre- time when we had so much power vious century. as today – physical power, intel- lectual power, financial power, and Outside of the United States there have been five mergers of de- perhaps moral power – there is, nominations. within the last ten notwithstanding, a universal feelyears and one other is well on the ing of helplessness and inadequacy, way – The Church of Christ in of inability to cope with the forces China, The United Evangelical of the world in which we live. The Church of the Philippines, The In- whole world seems to be caught in ternational Board of Christian the cruel grasp of a choking pes- Work in Santo Domingo, The SImIsm. Men have lost faith in United Church of Canada, The things human. Presbyterian Church of Scotland, The Movement for Organic Church Prof. Ellwood, in his recent book on "Man's Social Destiny," gives Union in India. the first chapter to "the present In our own country there have social pessimism," in which he points out the disillusionment of been within the last decade four the present world and the pagan mergers – The United Lutheran reactions of the times. He quotes Church, the two Evangelical at length from modern writers, like Bodies, The Northern and Free Mr. Paul Gaultier, a leading pub- Baptist Churches, The Congrega- licist of France, who in his book, tional and Christian Churches. "The Morals of the Age," says, "Morality is dying, is dead, or And negotiations are under way nearly so, at least in the big cities." for five more – The Reformed- "Old beliefs are being turned into Evangelical and United Brethren, ridicule, conscience is treated as a The Presbyterian and Reformed, superstition, and honesty as a prej- The Methodists and Presbyterians, udice." "Self-interest alone re- The Disciples and Baptists, The mains as a motive, and pleasure as Presbyterians and United Brethren the sole end of life." He quotes an- other French writer, Julian Benda, in Porto Rico. who has written a book entitled, Does it not look as if we have "The Treason of the Intellectuals," in which he claims that our civilizacome to the turning of the road, tion has been destroyed by its nawhen instead of splitting up the tional leaders, and concludes with these words: "Europe in the body of our Lord into more parts, we are at last beginning to heal the breaches and come tog e the r?

middle ages did evil, but honored are seeing that these things are not the good; while modern Europe, bringing happiness, and the master with its teachers who proclaim the 'minds are going to tUrn to spiritual beauty of brute instincts, does evil things." Mr. Babson also quotes and honors eviL" Again he quotes Mr. Edison as saying: "If there is Prof. Whitehead from his great such a thing as a Creator, He has book, "Science and the Modern let us go about as far as He will in World," in which he says: "On the creating material power, and He whole, during many generations, is now waiting until we catch up there has been a gradual decay of in spiritual things." religious influence in European civilization. Each revival touches Then, in the second place, the a lower peak than its predecessors occasion for another Pentecost has and each period of slackness a arrived. Just as the nations were lower depth. The average curve assembled, brought together in marks a steady fall in religious Jerusalem, making it possible for tone. Religion is tending to de- them to hear and spread the Gospel generate into a decent formulate abroad, so have we come upon a wherewith to .embellish a comfort- time when the nations of the earth able life." Prof. John Dewey is are brought together as never bequoted as saying, "If ever there fore in the history of man. The was a house of civilization divided world today is a neighborhood. within itself and against itself, it We fly around it in a few days; is our own day. If one looks at the we talk around it in a few seconds. outer phenomena, the externally In March of this year, Mr. Ochs, organized side of our life, my own owner of the New York Tim~s, feeling about it would be one of talked by radio with Commander discouragement." Byrd from New York to New Zea- land. In New Zealand the conver- Now, I raise the question: Is not sation was being broadcast. Mr. all this a good omen after all? Ochs heard his own voice returned Does it not indicate that man has from New Zealand back to New reached his extremity, and that York within one-eighth of a second, possibly God will find his oppor- a total distance of 20,000 miles. tunity? Men are being thrown Before he had finished a sentence back upon a power not their own. his own words were echoing back. To me one of the most encouraging signs of the times is our discour- There has never been such a time agement. It was so just before to spread the Gospel to the whole Pentecost. All human hope had world. All doors are open. The fled. People were looking for air is our messenger and our avepower from on high. There was a nue of speech and travel. The great expectancy arising out of a mountains, plains, and seas are no tremendous feeling of need. Roger longer barriers. Language, race, nations no longer divide us. The Babson has quoted Steinmetz as world is one. What a day for the saying three months before his Church! death: "The greatest development in the next fifty years will fie along Home Missions waits upon Penspiritual lines. Up to now the tecost. The signs of its coming are master minds have been given to propitious. "It is not by might, material development, but people nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord."

STANLEY JONES IN

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED "WE OJ the Amerioan BIlpti8t Telugu Ml8.ion, India have all come here with will not reveal its deepest aspira- one purpose. There is tions and longings until it senses nothing that we would a desire to help in the deepest israther do than see Jesus Christ. sues of life. A fine young student Failing that, there is nothing bet- came in one afternoon to ask some ter that we can do than listen to questions. The first three questions one who will interpret Christ to were on theological sUbjects. I us." It was the first meeting of a answered them, but not too eagerseries of meetings in a great city ly or completely. The conversation in Western India. The chairman, came to a standstill. And then I a well-known political leader, was turned to him and blurted out introducing the speaker. We had some questions. "I don't think we been told t.hat the educated people are getting anywhere discussingof that city were not interested in these things. I am not helping religion. In fact it was the ac- you…… Is Christ a lIving reality cepted belief that their minds were to you?" The question seemed to so taken up with political issues have come to my lips spontaneousthat they had no time for other ly and the abruptness of it rather things. But here at the very open- startled me. But there was an ining meeting was a declaration of stant change in the atmosphere. hunger and longing which had a A smile burst upon his face where strange fascination about its utter there had been but quiet eager frankness. The same impression questioning before. And then he comes over and over again, not spoke out of his heart's yearning. often spoken so clearly, but none "I wasn't interested in thosequesthe less real and eager. It is no tions I asked you when I first came idle dream that Christ is drawing in. I only wanted to know whether men after Himself. It is one of you were interested in my deeper the clear facts of life. Whenever problem and my need." I was He is presented, in the rugged sim- happy that I had blundered into a plicity of His gracious love, the crisis in his life. He told me how miracle happens, and men are seen he had been drawn to Christ and to be drawn after Him. The how he was learning to love Him. "Christ of the Indian Road" is And then we talked of the deeper walking amid the strenuous cur- fellowship of life and service in rents of India's turmoil and is the fully committed life, the life leading men to victory and to Life. fully in Christ's control. He came There is always a quiet reticence back a few days later to ask for in the seeker after reality, an un- baptism, and has since gone on inwillingness to open the deeper re- to the richer fellowship. gions of the heart until there is The point is this, that there is a certainty of perfect sympathy. It whole world of human need near is easy for a Westerner to over- at hand but which is never relook this fact. The Indian spirit vealed in a harsh, hurried, or un- 411

sympathetic atmosphere. But it The Christian movement takes on rushes up to meet loving sympa- new form and meaning. It is thy. As I have followed this sug- larger than any of the various gestion more carefully I have agencies. It comprises the work found the same experience repeat- of the numerous missions, the Ined over and over again, and fre- dian Church, various other Indian quently in the most unexpected agencies, and in all and through places. It does not make one less all the transforming power of the sympathetic to the real difficulties Living Christ. It is this vision that ofttimes appear in question of the tide that is making for a form. But it makes you more con- Christian India, an India where scious of the dummy questions set the mind of Christ is the guide of up to test you and which are really her life and His spirit her very meant to draw you into the secret breath, that gives one a tremenplaces of another life. How much dous hope and an eager desire to easier it is to understand some of make a full contribution to that Jesus' answers to questions day. brought to Him in the light of such experiences as these. }<'or He The Christian community in Inalways read human need beyond dia, though a small one, is taking questions and met the need. This a place of leadership all out of gave Him a strange new power proportion to its size. One politiover human life, and men found cal leader said, "I am amazed at themselves introduced to a new the Christian community. They world of Life. He would lead us are one of the smallest groups. all into this richer joy, in redemp- And yet they do not ask for special tive fellowship with human need. electorates and special reserved seats in the councils of the nation. Everywhere the audiences have They are a very brave people. been large and responsive. There They seem to trust the country to has been tne utmost respect. This choose the best men, the men of is a constant tribute to Stanley character, to govern. They are an J ones. He has won a hearing that example to all of us." It is a very is a priceless advantage. By his general feeling. Editorial writers sympathy and understanding and have called attention to the same by the magnetic charm of his own thing many times. But it is not radiant experience he has won the difficult to understand. For the privilege of presenting Christ to Christian has a larger loyalty than India's educated classes. And his community, and his interests often we feel the restless despair are worldwide. And further he is of men grown weary in the fruit- following One who said that the less struggle, whose deepest long- way to find life was to lose it. ings remain unsatisfied. And They gladly, and with a natural through the despair there is a simplicity, choose this way and wistful longing, a longing which life does come back to them. It meets the note of reality with the comes back in the form of a rising response of eager joy. tide of moral leadership. The other alternative would be the beg- As one moves up and down this ging for the pittances of commuland viewing the Christian institu- nal privilege, and in pursuit of it tions and movements, the vision of life would wither and fade away. a greater day often grips the mind.

WITH STANLEY JONES IN INDIA

But here is a rising tide of life, a other age of youth. With youth in witness to the constant perennial this arena, strong and faithful influence of the Lord of Life. guides are needed. There are many who aspire to this place of leader- The heart of Indian youth (as ship. The authors of the books of youth everywhere) is an open mentioned above are some who inheart. It is a fountain of perpet- creasingly gain their respective ual eagerness and idealism. It following. Many still hold to represents a constant uneasiness Gandhi and his declared program with things as they are. It presses of non-violence as the one way in on to make the world a better place which all the future can be made in which to live. To declare that secure. Many others are followthe youth of India are revolution- ing the younger leadership of the ary would be preposterous. They Congress party who are preaching are simply open and they are their destructive doctrines of reare not as a whole committed to volt.

any such program. Their hearts I was much interested in one are simply open and they are great convention of youth in standing facing a future with all Northern India. They shouted the it holds of hope and potentialities rallying cries of the moment and inspiration and service. I was taught by their would-be leaders. much impressed with one youth who came to unfold to me some- The air rang with "Long live Revthing of what he had been reading. olution !" "Down with Imperial- The books were not merely his ism!" A friend of mine, :l Y. M. favorite authors. They were of C. A. secretary, stood up to speak. widely differing tastes. On the one He spoke of character and fellowhand were Karl Marx and Lenin; ship with God and their bearing on the other Gandhi and Tolstoy. on the future of the country. The There were others. When I asked cries died away and the wistful why he should read these partic- eagerness was very evident again. ular books I met this ready reply: "I want to know what is best for Yes, youth will cry the cries of the my country. I want to learn moment, but youth is eager for the whether it is revolution or satya- note of reality and the message of graha (non-violence)." This is the a constructive program for the fu- ture. She longs for the word of true attitude of youth. hope and life. One cannot move among these But there are other voices which aspiring youth without a great and are raised within this tumult. growing desire to lead them into There are the leaders of the rethe paths where the springs of life form movements who gain considrun free and full. They find them- erable influence in their appeal to selves in swirling tides. The old the larger idealism of youth. And traditions have lost their grip in there is also the voice of Christ, large measure. Yet there is the strangely gripping when it is pressure of loyalty to those of their heard in this setting. It comes to families who hold to the old views. them in different ways. Sometimes The new age of science is making a written word, sometimes a increasing demands and they are spoken word of a trusted friend, found in the necessity of thinking a lecture, or conversation, or yet through problems vaster than any again the contagion of some:

Christlike life. One young man freedom which will allow it full told of the first time when he real- expansion in India. On the one ly caught a glimpse of Christ. A hand there is the closed home. The well-known Indian teacher of Christian community which has northern India was preaching one been built up has come into being day in a bazaar. Some word in his largely because people have not message had driven some of the been allowed to stay in their homes Mohammedans into a fury. One and be true and honest Christians.

of them rushed at him while he How they would like to do so! But was yet speaking and struck him when they are cast out they nat- a heavy blow in the face. Several urally form another group. There teeth were dislodged and the blood is, however, new light breaking.

spattered about. The you n g Many are beginning to see the preacher turned and smiling wrong and injustice of banishing through his pain took the hand of their own brothers or sisters or his would-be enemy in his and other relatives merely because of said, "My brother did you hurt their different loyalties. Strange your hand ?" The enemy was misunderstandings often confuse turned into a 'friend. The young this issue. Ofttimes it is a belief man who saw it all from the edge that the man who becomes a Chris- of the crowd was bewildered. He tian must therefore begin to eat went to the strange preacher and meat. Again there are those who asked him what he meant by such feel that immediately he will for- foolish actions. The reply was that sake his old customs of dress and it was little or nothing compared take to European clothes. But with what Christ had done for when they see some of these issues him. He then summarized with cleared there is a new willingness these words, "At first I thought he to associate with them, though was crazy. When I heard his they do declare their loyalty to words, my heart melted. I saw Christ, their new found Lord.

Christ. And He began creating Freedom to follow the highest a His life within me." Christ be- truth wherever found must per- came visible in Life saturated sistently be urged. And this with His spirit. One student in a teaching will advance with that short speech, in which he was try- speechless dynamic of Christ ing to say what the addresses of transformed lives and the new Dr. Jones had meant to him and freedom will be secure.

his companions, said, "We some- The next great obstacle to men times get tired of hearing about taking an open stand for Christ Christ, Christ, Christ. But, sir, we lies in the secluded womanhood of never get tired of seeing Christ in a India. Here is the true seat of Christlike person." He had caught conservatism. Since the very dawn familiar accents in lecture and of Western education in India the question hour, and seen the deeper educated man has been living in realms of truth, and felt the mag- two worlds. When he is out in the netic power of the Cross tugging world he is following the latest at his heart. movements of thought and life.

There are two places where is- Increasingly there is growing a sues must be settled before the new international world i n t 0 Christian movement will have that which men are carried on the tides

of learning and association and the issue is unmistakable. The anbusiness and larger sympathies. swer lies in our answer to the But cross the threshold! He has question, "What t h ink ye of entered again the ages of the past. Christ?" The answer hinges only One great teacher and administra- upon our knowledge of and fellowtor said to me, "When I am here ship with Him. talking to you of the various movements of the world today I am liv- One confronts religion on every ing in the twentieth century. But hand in India. Sometimes it apwhen I go inside that room to talk pears in grotesque forms and often with my mother I turn back the in ways that seem all too inadeyears to the fourteenth century." quate. But through all the seek- ing, and it would be impossible to It is all too clear. And there speak in too high terms of this are all too few who are giving aspiration of the human soul, themselves to the joyous task of through it all there is an underreaching over these thresholds tone of sadness. There is little with the loving heart. Men can- finding. The seeking is accomnot present Christ here. But the panied by a waiting. And the new attitudes which are gripping waiting has been so long endured men's hearts are opening these that there is a sort of despair of doors in ever increasing measure. any immediate realization. India will never bring her allegiance to Christ in public halls and One is drawn out in a great love great meetings, nor yet again for India the nearer he comes to where men meet in confidence and her. To know her is to love her. solitude. Often when they are But true love cannot blind itself to longing to make the great adven- evils and crying open sores. True ture and give their all to the trans- love will recognize all, speak little forming power of the Living of the hurts and wounds, and seek Christ they find the ties of the to bind them, and bring healing household too strong. They can- and peace, and life in all its fulnot stand up against it. And then ness. Weare not soldiers on a in the effort to live the dual life quest seeking to destroy evil and they find the new life fade and evildoers wherever found. We are disappear. There is infinite oppor- physicians, seeking to heal the tunity for women of loving sympa- open sores of our beloved adopted thy, filled with the life of Christ, country. We long in tenderness who will brave loneliness and and love to nurse her back to meager results, and walk through health. We long to lead her to the these quarters with the light of springs of Life that, drinking, she Life. Christ stands knocking also may have within her the fountains at this door. of living water. We walk with Him whose life was given that we But the abiding issue in all our might have life and have it abunwork as witnesses of Christ is dantly. There is no joy like the clear. Is Christ unique or is He one of the world's great teachers? walk with Christ down the paths of the world's need. My adopted The question is raised on every country is a land both of need and hand. Are there many ways to aspiration, of seeking and of wait- God, or only one way? This is a ing. She will ever respond to familiar query. The alignment of Reality and Life, to Christ.

HOLY SPIRIT IN FOREIGN

BY ARTHUR J. BROWN T HE missionary enterprise is they could hardly be considered ef- preeminently a spiritual one, fective ones. They were staggered and therefore if it is to be by the commission of Christ. A successful, it must be conducted by few obscure men commanded to spiritual men and women. God has disciple all nations! They would ever chosen workers of this type. have ignominiously failed if they We read that the Holy Ghost said, had attempted such a task in their "Separate me Barnabas and Saul own strength. And so, though the for the work whereunto I have urgency of field conditions was as called them." So clear was the call great as it is now, Christ said to of the Holy Spirit in the case of them: "Tarry ye in the city until William Carey that Dr. Ryland de- ye be clothed with power from on clared that "God Himself infused high." When they were thus into the mind of Carey that solici- clothed, they at once became ag- tude for the salvation of the gressive. They preached with such heathen which cannot be fairly irresistible fervor that men "were traced to any other source." Alex- pricked in their heart," and cried: ander Duff wrote: "When, by the "What shall we do?" Peter, who grace of God, I was led to care for had cowered before a servant girl, my own soul, then it was that I sternly arraigned the Sanhedrin, began to care for the heathen and when he was "charged not to abroad. In my closet on. my bend- speak at all nor teach in the name ed knees, I then said to God: '0 of Jesus," he replied: "Whether Lord, Thou knowest that silver and it be right in the sight of God to gold to give to this cause I have hearken unto you rather than unto none; what I have I give unto God, judge ye; for we cannot but Thee. I offer myself; wilt Thou speak the things which we saw accept the gift?'" The inner his- and heard."

tory of almost every missionary The Ephesian Christians passed who has been largely used of God through a similar experience and reveals similar experiences. one that suggests much to the fol- The Christian should not be con- lowers of Christ in all lands. They tent with a general knowledge of were not present at Pentecost and the Holy Spirit. Charles Finney knew nothing about it. When Paul used to say that "conversion to said to them: "Did ye receive the Christ is not to be confounded with Holy Ghost when ye believed," he consecration to the great work of did not mean that they had not ex- the world's conversion." The man perienced the regenerating influ- who receives the grace of God for ence of the Holy Spirit, for they his own salvation and not for the are spoken of in the first verse of salvation of others not only learns the chapter as "disciples," and in little of the real joy of the Chris- this very question as those who tian life, but defeats one of its "believed." They could not have main ends. The disciples were been "disciples" or have "believed"

Christians before Pentecost, but without the Holy Spirit. The ques- 416 tion simply implied that they were to have it. The inspired writer ex- living on a low spiritual plane, horts us: "Be not drunken with enjoying little and accomplishing wine wherein is riot, but be filled little, helplessly confronting a pa- with the Spirit." That can only ganism upon which they were mak- mean that it is just as much our ing faint impression, and that the duty to "be filled with the Spirit"

cause lay in their ignorance of the as it is to "be not drunken with richer enduement of the Pente- wine." This is, therefore, no new costal outpouring. There is a touch theory, but simply the common doc- of pathos in their position-a hand- trine of sanctification, the scrip- ful of half-discouraged believers, tural teaching that the Christian exerting but feeble influence, seeing ought not to be satisfied with a the truth but dimly, and yet in their weak, joyless, uncertain spiritual imperfect way holding on to it and life, but that he should "grow in refusing to go back to their former grace," "walk in the light," "press Christless state. And now the on towards the goal unto the prize apostle opens to them the door of of the high calling of God in Christ a larger life. Will they enter? We Jesus"-in short, "receive power."

can almost' see the eagerness in It is difficult to live a holy life their faces as they listen. "And amid the unfavorable conditions of when Paul had laid his hands upon a non-Christian land, or a city slum them, the Holy Ghost came on or mining town in America, but it them." is not impossible. The pond lily The Christian worker of today lifts its pure white flower out of the occasionally finds little companies foulest mud. There is profound of groping disciples who are in the significance in Paul's reference to spiritual state of those believers at "the saints …… that are of Cre- Ephesus, and, like Paul, he should sar's household." The Cresar re- have in himself the spiritual ex- ferred to was one of the worst perience that will enable him to monarchs that ever disgraced a help them. He should know, both throne and his court was notorious for them and for himself, that the for its profligacy; but even in such Holy Spirit's power can be obtained a place there were those who con- just as any other spiritual blessing sistently served God. This illus- is obtained – by prayer and faith. trates the truth that the Christian It is not a wage to be earned, but a life ought to be independent of its gift to be appropriated. It is not environment. It depends, not upon to be confounded with a paroxysm conditions that are without, but of emotion or with any immediate upon those that are within. "The and striking change of feeling. If ordinary man," says Carlyle, "is we have rightly sought for spiritual forever seeking in external circum- power, we may take God at His stances the help which can be word and assume that we have it. found only in himself." The fact The first effort to use it will show that some of the outward incen- that we are not mistaken. tives to the Christian life are want- Other limitations may be beyond ing ought to drive one' closer to our control, but we ourselves are Christ and teach the joy of living responsible for an impoverished in such constant fellowship with spiritual life. If we do not have the the Master that inspiration will be power of the Holy Spirit, we ought drawn direct from its original 2

source and become, in a measure at "We thank Thee, oh God, that Thou least, independent of other chan- hast made it possible for him to nels. touch Thy throne with one hand The missionary of mightiest and the heart of the heathen world power will be the one who can say with the other. Oh, bless him, that with Zinzendorf: "I have one pas- he may be the channel through sion and that is Christ, He only"; which the divine wisdom and power or with James Calvert: "Where may come to men!" Such a prayer Christ commands and directs, I finely expresses both the oppor- cheerfully go, I only desire what tunity of the missionary and the He approves and to do what He re- dignity of his service.

quires for the remainder of my In that charming book, "Beside life"; or with David Brainerd: the Bonnie Brier Bush," Watson "This I saw, that when a soul loves reminded us that every Scotch cot- God with a supreme love, God's in- tage has at least two rooms, one the terests and his are become one; it kitchen where the work is done and is no matter when or where or how where all kinds of people come– Christ should send me, nor what that is called the "But"; and the trials He should exercise me with, inner chamber which holds the if I may be prepared for His work household treasures and where and will"; or with that convert of none but a few honored guests have the first century who is represented entrance–that is called the "Ben."

by Richard Watson Gilder as say- So we imagine an outer court of the ing: religious life where most of us If Jesus Christ is a man- make our home, and a secret place And only a man-I say where only God's nearest friends That of all mankind I cleave to Him, enter. And it is the highest tribute And to Him will I cleave alway. which a Scotchman can pay the If Jesus Christ is God- spiritual life of a friend to say: And the only God-I swear "He's far ben!' This is our desire for every Christian worker at home I will follow Him through heaven and and abroad-that he may abide in hell, the inner chamber of divine love, The earth, the sea and the air.

Such a life is a wonderful power. that he may be so "filled with the Whatever the people may think of Spirit" that he will be lifted above doctrines, they know as well as any the anxieties and trials of life into one else the difference between a the region of calms, where "none life that is Christlike and one that of these things" disturb the soul.

is not. And so the ambassador of The happiness and efficiency of Christ should have, and may have, service will be in direct proportion a humble and yet a joyous con- to the richness and fulness of the sciousness of dependence upon God. spiritual life. There is no self-de- He should feel that he has conse- nial to him who walks with God.

crated his life to the work which, No problem will be too hard for of all works, is nearest to the heart him. In the words of Robert of God, and that he may absolutely Browning: rely upon the divine presence and I say, the acknowledgment of God in guidance. When a minister left a Christ home pastorate for missionary Accepted by thy reason, solves for work, a brother minister prayed: thee

GENERAL SMEDLEY BUTLER ON MISSIONARIES

All questions in the earth and out May you feel His presence in the lone- of it. ly wilderness, on the mountaintop, on the troubled sea. May Christ be In the solemn service in which ever with thee to give thee utterance, John Coleridge Patteson was con- to open thy mouth boldly to make secrated Bishop of Melanesia, known the mystery of the Gospel. Bishop Selwyn gave this loving May you sorrow with Him in His counsel, that we wish to pass on to agony and be crucified with Him in every home and foreign mission- His death, be buried with Him in His ary: grave, rise with Him to newness of life and ascend with Him in heart in May every step of thy life, dear the same place whither He has gone brother, he in company with the Lord before, and feel that He ever liveth Jesus. May Christ be with thee as a to make intercession for thee, "that light to lighten the Gentiles, may He thy faith fail not." work in thee His spiritual miracles.

GENERAL SMEDLEY BUTLER ON MISSIONARIES BRIGADIER General Smedley we could give him protection. I D. Butler, who for two years told him that if the Chinese should commanded the American burn down his building they would Marines in China, has a pronounced be compelled to pay for it.

admiration for the missionaries "That good old fellow said to me, who stuck to their posts in tne war- 'I'm out here spreading the Gospel torn sections of the country, en- of Christ, and I never heard of dangering their lives that their Christ needing a bodyguard. If I work might go on. have to be protected with bayonets "I met a lot of missionaries- in order to preach His Gospel, then probably more than fifty – and I I am going home.'

never found one who was disagree- "I admired his stand so much able," the General says. that I told him to stay where he "I learned some things about was and if he got into trouble with missionaries out there that made the Chinese we would come and me like them. There was one chap rescue him. He did not go home.

in particular, and there were plenty He stuck to the job and, fortu- like him in China, who lived in an nately, there was no trouble. His unprotected spot outside Shanghai. attitude appealed to me immensely Perhaps it was ten miles from the -it would appeal to any marine.

city-ten miles of Chinese roads. There was a man who was willing I met him one day and suggested to place his life in jeopardy for an that he had better come in where ideaL"

INDIA-A LAND OF COMPLEXITY*

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 4 "SO THIS is India," we thought is a land of which we have read in as we landed in Bombay on many books and papers, a land January eighteenth after a from which we have received un- week's journey on the steamer counted but deeply appreciated let- from Busrah-through the Persian ters from missionaries and Indian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and the Christians; a land for which we Arabian Sea. This is India, the have prayed much and where we have invested money as a silver- tongued witness for Christ; the land where our own church mis- sionary labors to heal body and soul; the land for which a beloved sister gave her life and where her body lies buried; but most of all we are interested in India as a vast land of great multitudes of famish- ing souls for whom Christ died and to whom He has commissioned His disciples to preach, teach and mani- fest the Gospel in its power. Surely these are reasons enough to give us a supreme and vital interest in India.

"So this is India!" But is it?

Bombay is not India but a cosmo- politan center of two million souls, most of them on an island attached to the western coast of India. It is a city where all nationalities MR. AND MRS. PIERSON AT THE GRAVE mingle. Where Parsees-descend- OF MR. PIERSON'S SIs'rER, LOUISE ents of the Persian followers of B1~ NEDIC'r PIERSON. A'l' Zoroaster – are the chief bankers NOIVGONG, INDIA land of romance and of religion, and business men; where many of the land of sorrows and of sacrifice, them stilI wear, as a mark of dis- the land of three hundred million tinction, the peculiar cow-hoof hat human needs and opportunities! which was formerly a sign of servi- We have a special interest in tude; where they stilI carryon a India-a real investment here. It form of Zoroastrian fire worship as symbolic of an impersonal God and • 'l'his is an introductory glimpse of India as where they expose their dead to the We saw it for the first time and heard ot the vultures in the five "towers of life and work from different men and women silence" on the aristocratic Malawho live there. It is not an attempt to discuss bar HilI. the problems or their solution, nor is it even an interpretation; it is rather a report of things Bombay is not India but the city, seen and heard – snapshots, it not snap-judgments; dictaphone snatches of conversations, but DOt dictated conclusions.

420 with its beautiful harbor, its busy changing scenes. It is a human streets and fine residences, gives mosaic made up of many races, many visitors their first impression over two hundred languages and of India. Here we see the peculiar dialects, more than fifty-seven vadress of many classes and nation- rieties of religion and over three alities, from the children clad in hundred millions of idols or symsunshine and the coolies in loin bolic forms of gods. As newcomers cloth and turban, to men in draped to India we are at first interested dhote in place of trousers and with in the strange sights and scenes, European coats, collarless shirts then bewildered by the complexity with the tails hanging out; ladies in beautiful embroidered and many colored saris, or wholly covered with a mantle of white, with a net- ting over the eyes through which they can see but may not be seen.

The custom of "purdah" – or the veiled life of women, is gradually disappearing from India but mil- lions of women stilI live only in women's quarters and no man out- side the family is even permitted to look upon their faces. In the large cities the barrier is broken down and in the villages the women are generally unveiled, but others still cling to the custom introduced by Mohammedans ten centuries ago.

Bombay is impressively pictur- esque with its silent, dark-skinned, yellow-turbaned human semaphores at the street crossings in the form of traffic police. Here we see con- A HINDU ~'EMPLlIl trasts between western hustle and eastern deliberation. The speeding of the life and problems, then asmotorcars-each equipped with two tounded by the magnitude of the horns-dispute the road with slow- field and the multiple forces at moving bullock carts. Lazy dogs work, then we are fascinated by and sleeping men lie outstretched the mixture of beauty, romance on the sidewalks and even in the and reality, and finally, if we reroadways regardless of passing main long enough and make contraffic. Palm trees, brilliant sun- tacts sympathetic and understandshine, occasional monkeys and ing enough, we learn to love India varied colored birds remind us that in spite of heat and dust, sounds we are in the tropics. and smells, and the Indian people Bombay is interesting with its because of their need and their temples and markets-but Bombay sincerity and kindliness and in is not India. This peninsular con- spite of their general ignorance, tinent is kaleidoscopic in its bril- poverty, dirt, disorder, superstition liant and sombre hues and its ever- and sins. We might write a chap-

ter on each one of these character- are not unmindful of the blessings istics, but already we have been in brought by British rule.

India too long (six weeks) to pre- A large group of students in sume to write a book! We have Lucknow met me informally on the learned that what is true of Bom- college campus for questions and bay does not apply to Benares and answers. They were all Moslems that the Northwest is at an oppo- or Hindus, with a scattering of fol- site pole to the South. When we left lowers of Mahatma Gandhi – as Bombay for Allahabad, we took shown by their white caps and some Gospels in Marathi to dis- homespun (chaddar) cotton gar- tribute on the way but we had gone ment. None were Christians. In only a few miles when we found answer to the question, "What that Marathi was less known than would be the result if the British English and we have pas sed should withdraw?" they answered through successive language areas with one accord "chaos." This is -Hindi, Kanakes, Hindustani and significant as the chief and most Urdu, and we have yet to visit vocal advocates of complete "home areas where Pushtu, Tamil, Telugu, rule" are the students, those who Bengali and <»ther tongues prevail. have received free government edu- The British and Foreign Bible So- cation but not government jobs, a ciety, which is doing a wonderful vast army of the unemployed, and work in India, is a necessary hand- some ambitious would-be leaders maid to the missionaries, printing and office holders.

the Scriptures in over 200 lan- That there is a strong and grow- guages and dialects. The Methodist ing sentiment for home rule, none Episcopal Church in Bombay area will deny who are well informed.

alone carries on work in six Ian:' But the present Viceroy, Lord guages. Truly India is almost as Irwin, is very popular because of complex and cosmopolitan as New his frank sympathy and under- York! standing. He has openly advocated The political situation is com- the granting of dominion status for plex. It has been our privilege to India as soon as it is practical.

talk with missionaries, Indians, This will satisfy the people, if not Government officials, professors too long delayed. But the com- and students, editors and foreign plexity of India is shown by the observers and we find that few variety of sentiment and the pol- view the conditions or outlook from icies advocated. The 700 native the same angle or advocate the states of India, comprising one- same remedy. Many are pessi- third of the total area and nearly mistic and believe that the British one-fourth of the population, al- must withdraw or there will be a ready have practical self-govern- revolution. Others look for the ment with the advantage of British establishment of a dominion form advice and protection. The Nizam of government under British super- of Hyderabad State (the largest in vision. Still others hold, as Theo- India, with over twelve and one- dore Roosevelt said in Egypt, that half million people) is strongly in Britain must "either govern or get favor of a continuance of British out" and believe she will not get rule. The Nizam (or ruler) re- out, therefore she must continue to joices in the title "Lieutenant-Gen- govern with a firm hand. Many eral, His exalted Highness, Asaf

INDIA – A LAND OF COMPLEXITY

Jah Muzaffar-ul-Mulk, Nizam-ul- benefit in surrendering their fees Mulk, Nizam-ud-Dala, Nawab Mir by giving up the practice of British Sir Osman Alikhan Bahadur, Fateh law. Therefore when Britain ig- Jang, Faithful Ally of the British nored the non-cooperation and civil Government, G.C.S.L, G.B.E." He disobedience program in 1922 it fell is only forty-four and has been flat and is not again likely to be ruler for nineteen years. A trav- taken up very generally." eler in Hyderabad wrote home that a certain missionary was "working Gandhi's program for spinning in the interior of the Nizam." and weaving native cloth in the Someone else, better acquainted villages and homes is innocent but with Indian terms and Christian ineffective. He himself spends all work, remarked that the mission- his leisure time (except in his ary must be a surgeon! "Days of Silence") in spinning and weaving. Many others have taken Aside from the native states the it up. There would be a real ad- vantage if idle men and women sentiment for independence and would so use their time, but the self-government is far from gen- people of the villages (90% of the eral. It has been promoted by population) are not idle and find it Mahatma Gandhi. He delivers more expensive to spin and weave many addresses for which he re- cloth than to buy their one new ceives large contributions-all used garment a year made by foreign for propaganda. His followers are machinery. There are also millions very active in stirring up sentiment of dollars invested in the textile inin favor of independence and home dustry in India. For this reason industries (swaraj). He is highly many hand looms and spinning honored for his idealism. His noncooperation and civil disobedience wheels have been discarded and program was widely accepted in used for firewood. In spite of the theory in 1922. Some gave up unrest in India and notwithstandtitles and government positions, ing the influence and following of students left their studies and Mahatma Gandhi, there is little trouble was threatened. Mahatma chance that his program will be Gandhi was imprisoned and was in adopted. As one Indian journalist line for martyrdom, but he was released when ill, and nothing came said to me: "Mahatma Gandhi of his program. Those who gave lost his great opportunity in 1922. up positions seem to have suffered It is not likely to return." in vain and today men are slow to follow a leader with a program But there are other obstacles to which may be idealistic but is im- the independence movement in Inpractical in its results. As Sir dia. The lack of unity in language, Mohammed Shafi, President of the race and religion prevents cooper- All-India Moslem League, said to ation. The warlike Sikhs and Mosme: "Indian government employees lems are outnumbered four to one and officials are not ready to give by Hindus and are not willing to up their means of livelihood, nobles be ruled by them. The Brahman are loathe to surrender titles, par- priests and sadhus have no desire ents will not consent to have their to lose their power over the Hindu sons leave government schools and masses and so are opposed to decolleges and lawyers see no great termining questions by popular vote. The large number of govern- ment officials, clerks v,nd serv~nts,

the railway and other public serv- man physician and recently secreice employees, know that the sta- tary of the National Indian Counbility of their positions is greater cil at Lahore, said to me, "Caste is in British than in Indian hands and gone. I eat with others outside of few are in favor of turning over my caste and we mix together withrailroads, power plants, water out defilement. Only a few ignoworks and other public institutions rant fanatics refuse to acknowledge to those whose honesty and ability the brotherhood of all men." as administrators have not been proved. It seems to be the con- But this is not quite true to fact sensus of intelligent and unbiased though it doubtless represents Dr. opinion that home rule will come Gobi Chand's ideal. The sweeper is still the "untouchable." Even a gradually in the form of dominion Christian leader, drawn from one government. of the higher castes, exclaimed: "I would not eat with a sweeper. It The complexity of India is also makes no difference if he has besocial. A few years ago all India come a Christian!" Few Christians was in the grip of the caste system. sympathize with this sentiment but Social strata were fixed and it was it is well-nigh universal among impossible for a man or woman to Hindus and even Moslems – who rise from the "untouchables" to a are themselves outside of caste. position of honor and influence. The baughi (sweeper) eQuId not Near Mainpuri, United Proveven become a chamar (leather inces, which we visited with Rev. worker) or fa.rmer and the caste and Mrs. Wm. Wiser, we saw two within caste presented innumerable outcaste boys, one the son of a social barriers and problems. To- Christian teacher who, by attendday many educated Indians claim ing a government school near their that caste distinctions are gone. village, had caused fifty-four other Dr. Gopi Chand, a cultured Brah- boys to leave rather than sit in the

INDIA-A LAND OF COMPLEXITY

same school with untouchable fel- idolatry and Indian religion were low villagers. The two innocent synonymous-at least to foreigners. and eager little students were dili- Today it is not true. Many edu- gently endeavoring to read and cated and refined Hindus, like Dr. write in the schoolyard, their Gopi Chand, or Dr. Natarajan, master asleep inside the school, and editor of the Indian SociaZ Re- the fifty-four truants were enjoy- former and of the Evening News ing a holiday with parental ap- of India, tell us that all religion is proval. Near the same village we one; that all worship God, the met a Christian teacher, won from Creator, and that images and sacri- the sweeper outcastes, who created fices and symbols are only pictures a great disturbance because he was to help men think of God. The riding in an ekka (cart) when a Arya Somaj and Bhramo Somaj caste man hailed it and placed some are two large reform Hindu sects sweets for sale under the seat. The that have given up idolatry. The mere presence of the baughi (out- former is an aggressive missionary caste), though he was a clean band with wealthy supporters who Christian teacher, was believed by have schools all over north India. the owner of the gur (sweets) to But the masses of Hindus worship be so defiling as to make his mer- the images and symbols and hold chandise unfit for the market! them holy. A native of Jaipur, who was a fellow passenger in the So, while life has become too railway carriage, said: "Every complex to permit the observance house in Jaipur has an image of of all caste rules, such as avoiding Ganesh, the god of prosperity, the poluting shadow of the out- where the family worship~~' We caste, the "untouchables" or de- saw in the streets men bowing in pressed classes are still generally the dust before hideous images and prohibited from drawing water symbols of sex to ask for prosperity from a village well or even from or posterity. drinking from Hindu taps at the railroad station. They and white A visit to Benares, the city of Christians may drink together! temples, gives some idea of the At Lucknow Christian College a complexity of Indian religions. number of Brahman students will Even more than ancient Athens the not eat with fellow students but city is given over to idols. Pilgrims have each one their own dark come from all over India to wor- rooms where he sits on the floor ship and to bathe in the sacred and eats alone food prepared by Ganges, the waters of which are caste servants. But the distinction supposed to purify immediately .is breaking down. Railway and even the most polluting sewage. We tram travel, modern markets and saw hundreds of pilgrims bathing the extension of education are ju~t below the city sewer, dipping gradually breaking down these beneath the surface with each prejudices-which no doubt origi- prayer and even rinsing the mouth nally were based on a desire to keep with the filthy water. Others, hun- from actual defilement and disease dreds of thousands, were worship- by aloofness from those of unclean ing the symbol of Siva, the god of habits. destruction and of reproduction, pouring libations over it and plac- The life in India is also complex ing floral offerings. Benares is so religiously. There was a time when

holy that it is believed that a man came seeking cleansing from sin- who dies there is certain of salva- not as we have been taught to tion-while one who dies across the understand sin of disobedience to river is equally certain of perdi- God's moral and spiritual laws- tion ! But there are means by but such "sins" as touching a which both these fates may be corpse of one's child, helping an changed. Many of the pilgrims outcaste, neglecting a sacred cow, seem earnest, sincere and true or eating food handled by an un- seekers after God, if haply they touchable. But the sad sight and may find Him. It is true, as Dr. plight of Hinduism was seen in the Aggrey, the African Christian, has thousands of priests and sadhus who feed like parasites on the superstitions of the common peo- ple. Some of these priests and sadhus (holy men) are doubtless earnest and seek to help the people but the vast multitude of them are reported to be vile in life and selfish in motive. Over five hundred of them marched by in absolute nudity -except for a thin coating of cow- dung and ashes. They looked low in intelligence and in morals. Un- savory tales were current as to how they had spent their previous night.

They seemed to be doped and more animal than human. But women lined the path of the procession and rushed forward to pick up the dust trodden upon by these holy (?) FAKIR AND SACRED BULl. AT BENARES men-putting it on their foreheads, breasts and even in their mouths. said: "Many heathen in their Our hearts went out to these "sheep hunger bow down to wood and without a shepherd," men and stone." women for whom Christ died, and There are doubtless many wor- on whom He has compassion as on shippers of God-according to their the multitudes in Galilee.

light – among the Hindus. Their An Indian student in a govern- method, their motives and their ment university, who was acting as ideas are complex and varied. We a guard, remarked to us: "This were present at the "Khumb Mela" disgusting exhibition should be at Allahabad, on the greatest day stopped by the British. They could of the bathing festival, when it was do it. These naked sadhus and reported that 4,000,000 pilgrims their like are a curse to the coun- were present to bath in the twice try. Their lives are vile and lazy sacred waters where the Jumna and they feed on the superstition and Ganges meet. (Imagine what of the people." We said "amen"

Coney Island would be even with but our hearts went out in pity to 2,000,000 Americans bathing in the the multitudes who seek but have salt sea water!) These pilgrims not found.

But the complexity of India's re- beginning to say that all religion is ligious situation is not only seen in one and their only objection to the multiplicity of Hindu gods and Christianity is the teaching of the the hundred or more forms in deity of Christ and His atonement which some of them are wor- on the cross. Yes, the religious life shipped, but in the number of other in India is complex for there are religions that make up the problem. many sects and creeds in each re- There are the educated wealthy and ligion and many interpretations of benevolent Parsees who have a these creeds. Truly there is need philosophy but not vital religion. for someone who can "teach with They believe in the universe as authority and not as the scribes." composed of earth, air, fire and water-all sacred, but their flesh Here we come to another view of at death is given to the vultures, the complexity which is India. The Christian missionary work is com- A VILLAGE MEETING FOR WOMEN NEAR AMBALA CITY (MRS. PIERSON IS HOLDING UP A PICTURE) their bones to the earth, rain and plex. A glance at the "Directory sun while their souls are absorbed of Christian Missions in India" is in the nameless, impersonal deity. confusing but inspiring. Over 160 Then there are the Jains, a Hindu societies are at work in as nearly sect, formerly influenced by the many stations with a total of over teachings of Buddha. The Moslems 5,000 foreign missionaries. They form a vast multitude of 70,000,000 represent almost every known sect who generally live in peace and of Christian from EUrope and friendliness with their Hindu America. While there is compara- neighbors, but may be aroused to tively little rivalry or "poaching on conflict by fanatical leaders. other's preserves," truly there is Educated Moslems in India, like need for greater unity in the Body Sir Mohammed Shafi and Sir Mo- of Christ. The multiplicity of or- hammed Igbal, the Moslem poet, ganizations is confusing to Indians with whom I had interviews, are. who 'think. There is complexity

also in the forms of missionary it is almost beyond belief that so work, from the simple tract dis- much is done in so many places. tribution and pure witness to the Gospel message such as is done by The story of the mission work as Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Jackson among we saw it must wait for a later tell- Benares pilgrims, to the higher ing. It is fascinating not only in edu(;ational work in Christian at- its complexity but in its many-sided mosphere and spirit, chiefly for problems – the greatest of which seems to be the village problem. 1 There are over 187,000 villages in India, only 149 of which are occu- THE 'rAJ MAHAL pied by missionaries and 100,000 of them with no regular visits or Hindus and Moslems, such as is teachers. Many have heard the carried on at Forman Christian Gospel and a million Christians College, Lahore. Between these won show the effectiveness of the there is the vast primary, middle preaching and hearing but they and high school educational work need to be taught more fully the of the missions that has helped to Way of Life. What can the misraise the whole tone of life and in- sionaries and the Indian Church do telligence in India, the industrial to feed so great a multitude, when education as in the Methodist mis- India is in a constant state of sion at Kolar town, the Agricul- famine, when the Indian Christian tural and Dairy Institute at Alla- is disowned and ostracised by his habad, the project method in the own people and when the Church at training school at Moga, and the home, that has enough and to spare, Christian chicken farm for village withholds the support in prayer, in uplift at Etah, the vast medical workers and in funds, that ,they work, the village tent evangelism might give to advance the cause of and Bible and tract distribution- Christ in India.

We have frequently been asked on this visit, "What do you think of the work in India?" We can only say-that when we look at the mul- titudes, the problems and the ad- versaries, we are tempted to feel that they are too many for us. So they are. But when we look at the spirit-filled workers who are here, at the results already accomplished, and more than all, when we look to God and His promises and consider the Power of Christ and His Gos- pel, we can only say-we thank God and take courage. The harvest is great but the laborers are few. As a remedy Jesus Christ said to His disciples: "Pray ye …… go ye …… give ye."

RELIGIOUS

BY ARTHUR J. BROWN M UCH has been said about the Christian thinking and living. difficulty experienced by Many are reviewed in the section home and foreign mission- headed Books Worth Reading. We aries, and other Christian workers, add here references to some others in keeping abreast of current lit- bearing on Christian thought and erature. They cannot afford to buy life, only regretting that our space many books. Most of them do not limits forbid fuller treatment. have access to public libraries, and To read such a book as His the libraries to which others have Glorious Body, by Robert Norwood access usually have very few re- (Scribners, $2), is to experience cent books on religious and mis- strengthened faith and spiritual sionary sUbjects. We conceive it, refreshment. The mind of the elotherefore, to be a part of the min- quent rector of St. Bartholomew's istry of T·HE REVIEW to aid its Church, New York, is not that of a readers by some accour+. of such theologian or a philosopher, but publi~tions. Of course THE RE- that of a mystic and a poet. His VIEW does not hold itself respon- book glows with feeling, and each sible for all the opinions of the chapter closes with a prayer of authors. Sometimes indeed we dis- spiritual aspiration. "I have writsent very decidedly. But surely a ten the story of my own heart," he Christian worker cannot wisely says, "and 1 have tried to tell someconfine his reading to books that thing of that joy which my heart reflect his own views. He needs to knew when at last, like Paul, 1 know what views are being advo- ceased to kick against the pricks cated by writers that are widely and surrendered to the fact of the read, whether he agrees with them Resurrection." or not. Otherwise he lives in an The reader will surely respond intellectually watertight compart- to such words as these: "Comment, ignorant of the opinions that panions of the path which Jesus are influencing others, perhaps the walked for us all, there is no death! very people among whom he labors. What we call death is an adventure Missionaries in remote foreign through which our souls are fields sometimes find that educated strengthened as we pass unfalter- Asiatics are familiar with a wide ingly on the way to the knowledge range of books not only on social of eternal life. Come, you brokenand economic but religious sub- hearted and you sorrowing. Come jects, and that they are at a dis- with us and walk the old Bethany advantage if they do not know road; or, if you will, loiter in about them. Even though the mis- Mary's garden among the flowers, sionary cannot afford to buy them, or along the Lake of Galilee, or he may be helped by reviews which kneel with us in the upper room give information regarding their where He stands to offer us His publication and general character. hands and His side, saying, 'Behold, A large number of books are be- it is I …… ' God of the living and ing published on various phases of not of the dead …… give us 429

strength to walk the rest of the Some Problems of the Modern Min- road, looking unto Jesus, the author ister (Doubleday Doran, $1.75); and finisher of our faith. . . . .. Re- gives in John Bunyan, The Man store us to our rightful sonship, (Judson Press, $1.50), a stim- and keep us from leaving the path ulating account of the author of the along which He went who, for the most widely circulated book in the joy that was set before Him, en- world next to the Bible; and in dured the cross, despising the Fighters for Freedom (Judson shame. Amen." Press, $1.50), presents admirable Many people are concerned by biographical studies of seventeen present-day tendencies in religion. great religious leaders from Arnold What are they, and toward what of Brescia to Andrew Fuller.

are they moving? In Whither Interest in the revised Prayer Christianity (Harper's, $3), fifteen Book of the Protestant Episcopal well-known ministers – four Con- Church is not confined to Episco- gregational, three Methodist, three palians. In The New American Presbyterian, two Baptist, two of Prayer Book (Macmillan, $1.50), the United Church of Canada, and the Historiographer of the Church, one Lutheran-'-give their answers the Rev. E. Clowes Chorley, D.D., to this question and "endeavor to tells not only the members of his interpret Christianity in terms of own communion but members of contemporary intelligence." When other communions just what they men like Lynn Harold Hough, Al- want to know about the history and bert Palmer, Richard Roberts, contents of that treasury of faith Miles Krumbine, Russell Stafford, and devotion.

Charles Gilkey, Reinhold Niebuhr, President Joseph Stump, of Albert Day, Gaius Atkins, Ralph Northwestern Lutheran Theolog- Sockman, Douglas Horton, Justin ical Seminary, in The Christian Nixon, Albert Beaver, George Life (Macmillan, $2.50), publishes Pidgeon, and Joel Hayden write on the lectures on Christian ethics their understanding of the char- which he has delivered to his stu- acter and trend of present-day dents. With marked ability, prac- Christianity, their deliverances are tical wisdom, and evangelical spirit not likely to be ignored either with- he discusses the Christian man, the in or without the churches. As Christian motive and Christian might be expected, the chapters conduct. Intended as a textbook vary in interest and value, and for students and an outline for some of their statements are too other professors, it is good reading "advanced" for this reviewer. The for all Christian workers.

authors are not theological con- Pentecost, a Renewal of Power, servatives, but they are outspoken by the Rev. B. H. Bruner, D.D., in their loyalty to Christ and in (Doubleday Doran, $1.50), is a their desire to apply His Gospel to spiritually uplifting message by the problems of their generation. the pastor of the First Christian Three good books come from the Church of Greencastle, Indiana, a Rev. Austin Kennedy de Blois, message peculiarly appropriate to D.D., President of Eastern Baptist this Pentecostal season.

Theological Seminary. Out of his Sermons of Power, edited by own rich experience as pastor and William P. King (Cokesbury Press, professor, he helpfully discusses $1.50), is a collection of nine elo-

ABOUT RELIGIOUS BOOKS

quently moving sermons in "The knowledge, or of religion and Pentecost Series" by as many emi- science, and to trace the process of nent ministers of several denom- their adjustment through the Bible inations. itself. Readers who are satisfied In The Message of the American with the "old" forms may be Pulpit (Richard R. Smith, $2), startled by his discussion of some Lewis H. Chrisman, Professor of of their cherished convictions.

English Literature in West Vir- Others, who have found difficulty ginia Wesleyan College, summar- in reconciling their early faith with izes the content and spirit of the their later studies, will be helped contemporary American pulpit, by his positive assurance that the giving excerpts from representa- essentials of evangelical Christian- tive sermons with special reference ity have not been impaired; that to the practical application of the they are compatible with the best Gospel of Christ to present condi- science; and that old faith and new tions. knowledge are not mutually an- The Commonwealth, by Charles tagonistic but are complementary Henry Brent (Appleton, $2), was and harmonious. The book shows written by that saint, beloved in an astonishing range of learning, many communions as well as his is written in excellent English, and own, the late Bishop Brent. With breathes a clear faith in Christ as that ability, lucidity and catholicity Lord and Saviour.

of spirit which so notably char- Is any subject more vital than acterized him, the book discusses The Place of Jesus Christ in Mod- our human inheritance, our divine ern Christianity? Under this title resources, our opportunities, our (Scrbner's, $2), John Baillie, pro- perils, and Christ the uncrowned fessor of theology in the University King. It is a beautiful message of Toronto, says that his "endeavor from one who now sees "the King is to restate our Christian convic- in his beauty." tion about our Lord Jesus Christ Old Faith and New Knowledge in a form which shall avoid the is a notable volume by James H. many perplexing difficulties in- Snowden (Harper's, $2.50), the herent in the traditional presenta- distinguished former professor of tion of it, while yet losing hold of theology in Western Theological none of the great insights into Seminary (Presbyterian), Pitts- spiritual truth which lay imbedded burgh, editor of the Presbyterian within that traditional presenta- Banner, and author of more than a tion and were the real secret of its score of volumes that have enriched marvellously powerful appeal to the religious literature of this gen- the human heart." As in the case eration. He holds firmly to the of Dr. Snowden's book, readers "old faith," but he believes that the who find no difficulty in the tradi- statements of it that have come tional view will probably feel that down from former centuries need Dr. Baillie's restatement is not free explanation and restatement in the from "perplexing difficulties"; but light of the fuller information re- the large number of those who are garding the universe and the Bible troubled will be helped by this able which is now available. He says theologian who has worked his way that his purpose is to take a general through all modern problems to an view of the relations of faith and assured faith in Christ and who is

eager to have Him universally wor- Fondren lectures for 1929. "Yestershipped as Lord of all. day" is the period between 1860 and 1890. With cyclopredic knowl- Sceptics exult and pessimistic edge of its scientific, philosophical Christians lament that "the Bible and literary characteristics, he is so little read today." And yet brilliantly discusses their bearing it is still the best seller in the upon religion and their lessons for world, and books about it continue today. to pour from the great publishing houses. Last September, Professor A book which deals with the Herbert L. Willett, of the Univer- basic doctrine of our Lord's death sity of Chicago, published a volume and its' meaning is never to be entitled The Bible Through the ignored, especially when it is writ- Centuries (Willett, Clark and ten by one who has such a far-flung Colby, $3), and the demand for it audience as Shailer Mathews, Dean was so great that within a few of the Divinity School of the Unimonths a second printing became versity of Chicago. In The Atonenecessary. The author writes for ment and the Social Process (Maclay readers, to explain when, where, millan, $2), he describes and by whom and for whom the Bible evaluates the various theories that have prevailed at different periods, was written, its history and ver- and restates what he believes to be sions, and what modern scholar- their permanent contribution to the ship has to say about it. The multi- religious need of our time. The tudes who have heard Dr. Willett on Chautauqua and other platforms sublime truth of the atonement know the charm of his style; but transcends any human explanation the lay reader should bear in mind of it, and Dr. Mathew's account that there are scholars of high re- will not satisfy some readers, parpute who hold a more conservative ticularly those of more conservaview than he holds. tive views, but he writes ably, in good spirit, and with reverent Every minister should read J os- faith. eph Fort Newton's The New Preaching (Cokesbury, $2). Few Much is being said nowadays living ministers have such a genius about the alleged widening breach for clothing religious ideas in at- between educated people and the tractive literary form. His pages churches. We think that the situashine with beauty. But there is tion has been exaggerated. There nothing artificial about it, only the have always been writers who have natural expression of a gifted assailed Christianity, and we doubt mind. He has written not for the whether such critics are relatively classroom but for the study. In more numerous today than in spite of his modest disclaimer, he former generations. Nevertheless, himself is an illustration of what we must admit that the advocates of Humanism, Behaviorism and a he calls "a great art"-the effective mechanistic interpretation of the preaching of the Gospel to this gen- universe, are influencing many peoeration. ple, particularly in the student group, and that some college and The fame of Professor James university professors have openly Moffatt's writings and translation challenged the reasonableness of evangelical faith. The danger has of the Bible leads one to welcome his latest book – The Day Before Yesterday (Cokesbury, $2), the

not been lessened by some well- perience and the changing thought meaning defenders of orthodoxy of the time. It is a clear, strong who have identified their own rigid book, significantly illustrative of literalism with the faith which was the attitude of an influential group once for all delivered unto the of ministers in various denominasaints and denounced every other tions and they are not to be ignored interpretation of the Bible as a de- by one who wishes to know the nial of the Christian religion. In various movements that are stirthese circumstances it is perhaps ring the minds of men. not surprising that some ministers should feel called upon to write Some things that we cherish are books designed to reach and hold regarded by Dr. Nixon, and several men and women who are drifting away from the churches by show- of the other authors mentioned ing them that evangelical religion above, as "the framework of Chrisand modern science, when both are tian preaching for centuries," rightly understood, are not incom- which "has been rendered obsolete patible, that the Humanist, Be- by the advance of the modern haviourist and mechanistic view of world." Undoubtedly a part of the life is radically wrong, and that old framework is in the way and Christ is still the only solution of should now be wisely removed. But the problems of man and society. from our viewpoint some of the timbers in what these authors deem Several books of this type have "obsolete framework" belong to been noted in this article, and we the main structure, and other parts close by mentioning one more–An are doing no harm and have ac- Emerging Christian Faith (Harper's, $2.50), by Justin W. Nixon, quired such sacred associations the eminent pastor of the Brick that they help rather than hinder. Presbyterian Church of Rochester. However, as to the main purpose He says that he finds thoughtful of the authors, Dr. Nixon probably men and women asking: "Why are represents them all in saying (pp. we so confused in our religious thinking when our fathers were so 318-319): "The future of Chrissure?" "Why worry about any re- tianity as a religion of historic inligious belief at all ?" "What shall tegrity will depend upon whether I believe–what might be the con- the Christian can become once tent of a modern Christian faith?" more what he has been in the great "Can a positive and" worthy faith ages of his history, one who lives survive in our mechanized civiliza:- in his world by virtue of a faith which reaches beyond it, who tion?" These and similar ques- ch'ooses Christ against the world, tions he answers against the back- who sees in the midst of His way ground of his own religious ex- a "cross," and who counts upon a God who reveals Himself and re- deems man through suffering."

3

A COLLEGE PRESIDENT

THE WORDS OF CHRIST D R. HAMILTON HOLT, Pres~ available Bible student I knew and ident of Rollins College, asked him to take a green pencil Winter Park, Flo rid a , and check all the red and blue preached a unique Baccalaureate marked texts which the recognized Sermon in which he said: Dur- Biblical scholars had no doubt that ing the last years of Count Tol- Christ actually said.

stoy's life, he wrote a statement Then I took all of the verses entitled, "My Religio~," the es- marked in red, blue and green, cut sence of which was as follows: them out of the Bible and put them Christianity is the best of all the in five different envelopes, marked world's religions. The essence of respectively, "God," "Heaven," Christianity is recorded in the Bible. "Christ," "Man," and "Miscella- The essence of the Bible is the life of neous." I then subdivided the clip- Christ. The essence of the life of pings in each envelope according Christ is found in His sayings. to topics, bringing all the sayings Tolstoy read through the New on each topic together. After dis- Testament and marked with a red carding the duplicates, I had in the pencil all the sayings of Christ. He five envelopes all the sayings of then took a blUe pencil and checked Christ, classified by topics that those red-marked sayings which he were understandable by me.

understood. "My religion," there- This search through the Scrip- fore said Tolstoy, "is the red and tures has been somewhat in the blue passages in the Bible." nature of a voyage of discovery I have always wanted to do what for me. I have felt many times, as Tolstoy did, but carry it one de- I was working over these sayings, gree further, for manifestly Tol- a strange something coming over stoy may have included in his red me, and I can easily see how men and blue marked verses &ome that can be so seized by the spirit of were not genuine sll.yings of Christ's words as to forsake all Christ, but were interpolations by and follow Him…… I offer only ancient scribes and copyists. So these two generalizat.ions: during the past year, mostly on First, every saying of Christ is trains and in.hotels while engaged so simple that any child can un- in the not always easy task of mak- derstand it; ing friends and in raising money Second, every saying is so pro- for Rollins College, I went over found that no philosopher who the Gospels marking Christ's say- ever lived can fathom completely ings in red and blue as Tolstoy did. its depths. Three sum them all up: In addition to the sayings found in Come unto me all ye that labor and the Bible, I took the thirteen say- are heavy laden and I will give you ings or "LoJ,ria" discovered by rest.

Grenfell and Hunt in the Nile Val- Take my yoke upon you and learn ley in 1897 and 1903. These, to- of me, for I am meek and lowly in gether with the marked passages heart, and ye shall find rest unto your in the Bible, I gave to the best souls…… Follow me.

434

CONSTITUTES A MISS[ONARY CALL?

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

Professor of MissiDns, Princeton 1'hcological Semina-ry N o class of people is facing every Christian therefore has a call this question from a more to the field because the need there is practical standpoint than so great. It would be more to the the students in theological semina- point to need a special call in order ries. They are nearly all looking to stay in this country where the need forward to the Gospel ministry. does not seem so great. They discuss the question among A foreign student writes: themselves. They know the needs In general there are two ways in of the foreign field and its oppor- which God calls to a certain work, tunities from their study of mis- whether that work be on the mission sions. They know something of field or at home. He may speak to us conditions in non-Christian lands directly through a vision, or we may by their study of the great reli- hear His voice in our inner consciousgions. Most' of all, it becomes an ness. This direct method is, however, urgent personal question, the an- rare in the present day-at least, not swer to which is vital when we as common as a second method, nameseek to know God's will. In reply ly, He brings about certain circumto a questionnaire given to the stances in our lives which determine junior class in Princeton Theo- a definite line of action. This method seems to be of two forms which I shall logical Seminary the following an- call internal and external. In the inswers are characteristic. They may ternal instance, certain problems are not be startling in their novelty, raised which challenge human interbut they are encouraging in their est and thought. God calls us by il- luminating our mind so that we are discernment and hopeful for the given insight as to the full signifipresent generation of students. cance of the problem, and He brings Among fifty replies there was none circumstances to bear upon our trainthat expressed doubt of the neces- ing and environment which fit us for sity for a special call of God for that particular work. the ministry, or inferred that The call comes from an external service abroad required no spe- stimulus when God directs outside cial qualifications. One hesitated factors to serve as stimuli, such as the whether a special call is needed to advice of friends, parents, and others, leave the homeland. I quote some or the reading of certain books, or God typical answers. may touch our hearts by a speaker whose message is His call to us. There are no doubt calls which come Through my own experience I am sure through some supernatural channel. that God's call is something very defi- However, most calls, as in the minis- nite which is irresistible. try, come through the agency of some person. Another student emphasizes the idea, somewhat fancifully, that the Complete consecration is the essen- various factors in a call are not tial thing in a call. Thus every man easily determined: who is wholly consecrated to Christ must consider where he can be of A missionary call, since it is a labor most service in bringing the Kingdom of love, may be likened to that stage on earth. As Dr. Speer has said, in an individual's heart. As a man 435

may fall in love in various ways, so need of men, the joy of the work, and is a man called to the mission field. a knowledge that God can best use a Suddenly, or gradually, he realizes particular individual in this partic- that there is nothing else worthwhile ular line of work.

in life but this. God has ordained that he should do this. The facts of I have decided because of a direct his nature, emotional and intellectual, recognition of my indebtedness to both point that way. He remembers Christ for the glorious change He cre- the talks in Sunday-school on mis- ated in me through the Holy Spirit.

sions. He thinks of the pennies he It is this great change that has took to church for missions. He created in me a burning desire to parrecollects the wonderful books on for- ticipate in the work of Christ-to eign lands that he has read. The vi- spread His happiness, giving power to sion is gripping; he wants them to those who are suffering in obscurity. go to the mission field? Why? The reason is in his own spirit where all The missionary call may come in a these factors of the need and the number of ways. The great convenmeans of satisfying it have been tions with their enthusiasms and facbrought together, by God, through tual presentation of the work abroad; God's agents. ,The reason for a call is the challenge of a single sermon; the neither emotional or entirely a mat- blinding light of a Damascus Road ter of reason, but a combination of experience; the steady voice of the both. Holy Spirit saying to those who are Three others reply as follows: waiting in prayer and fasting, "Sepa- rate me Barnabas and Saul for the The missionary call should be defi- work whereunto I have called them" nite and dynamic in the life of the (Acts 13: 2); the concurrence of missionary. To my mind the sense of need in any land is not enough. Peo- events which seem to show the leadple may be perishing; and there may ing of the Spirit; all these may be be dire need for preaching and minis- calls. In any event the important fac- tors in the caU are God and the inditering in the name of Christ; yet these are not enough. The individual vidual concerned. Whenever the call must have a sense of "oughtness" in is neglected or brushed aside, a feelhis own life or he won't be able to ing of uneasiness and dissatisfaction stand the challenge of the given field. will appear.

A dynamic purpose, a sense of definite The last quotation is from an call must be experienced or the drive Oriental student pleading for his is lacking. Paul and Barnabas were own nation and summing up the good, wise preachers and ministers at testimony: Antioch, but it took a definite call of the Spirit to send them to the gentile What constituted the missionary world. call for Paul at Troas constitutes the This call may come in three ways, missionary call 'today. It was the an actual religious experience caused vision of a man voicing the needs of a by an appeal to the emotions and the nation and begging Paul: "Come over conscience; an intellectual decision ar- and help us." Paul could not resist rived at by studying the conditions the call and went over to help them.

existing in the field (with regard to To those who love the Lord Jesus and the need of men, climatic conditions, who are willing to give their lives to intellectual exactions, etc,) and the His service and to His cause today, conditions of the individual (with re- there comes the same vision-the vi- gard to fitness for the type of work, sion of a nation yearning for Truth health, intellectual ability, etc.); a and Life. And when the vision comes, growing desire and feeling of the who can resist it?

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF

PHILIPPINES BY THE REV. HOWARD W. WIDDOES, D.D.

For TwentY-81z Years a Missionary of the United Brethren in the Philippines SOON after American occupa- sionaries in 1907 caused the Rev. tion of the Philippines guar- Dr. George W. Wright and the Rev. anteed religious liberty, evan- Dr. Harry Farmer to take effective gelical missionaries began preach- measures for uniting the two ing and teaching from the open schools in Manila into The Union Bible, something Spain had never Theological Seminary of the Phil- permitted since she had established ippines. The United Brethren Mis- dominion over the Islands. Great sion became a partner in 1911. The crowds gathered at these mission- Disciples joined in 1916 and the ary meetings in Manila and other Congregationalists in 1919. The centers in those stirring days. Baptist Mission has sent students Classes of believers were soon and has long been sympathetic with organized and these presently be- the seminary. Students are now came charter members of new being sent by various other reli- churches. The missionary soon dis- giou:;! organizations in the Islands covered that he could not shepherd and are cordially welcomed. In all the growing flock but must have 1919, the Seminary was incorpo- the assistance of Filipino leaders. rated under the laws of the Phil- Bible institutes and training con- ippines, providing that local affairs ferences were hurriedly organized be governed by a board of ten trus- and lay leaders were trained in the tees elected by the cooperating elementary work of spreading the Boards and Missions.

message. Hundreds of laymen A fine Christian atmosphere went out from the early churches, dominates the entire life of the in- bearing testimony often in a crude stitution. A Student Volunteer way but at the same time arousing Band has been organized to sound an interest in Bible reading and a call to the young people of the laying foundations for future Philippines to meet the need for churches. Christian leadership.

As Bible knowledge grew and The primary function of this in- the educational program of the stitution of higher Christian edu- Government raised intellectual cation is the training of ministers.

standards and developed leaders, Its secondary function is the prep- the average uneducated lay preach- aration of laymen for high grade er could not maintain his place of Christian leadership.

leadership. A trained ministry be- Two types of ministers are came a prime necessity to the needed for the Evangelical Church growth and stability of the of the Philippines. One for the in- churches. Nicholson Seminary was terior and rural groups where the therefore founded by the Method- general educational attainment has ist Mission and Ellinwood Bible not reached beyond the common Training School by the Presbyte- school level and where economic rian Mission. A shortage of mis- conditions make it impossible for 437

the churches to pay high salaries. aries-including some who are giv- Ministers are needed who belong to ing only part time service.

the social group where they work. Missionary salaries are paid by A shorter seminary course has their respective Missions direct to been arranged for the training of the missionaries. The salaries of such men, corresponding to the the Filipino teachers and the ad- best Bible Training School courses ministrative expenditures are pro- in America. vided through an assessment on Then there is the need for the the respective Missions.

keenest, most highly trained type Additional funds are received of minister for pulpits in the cen- from tuition in all pre-theological ters of education and the larger courses and from Seminary Day cities. The educated classes in celebrations observed in many these centers are affected by all the churches.

newest fads in thinking and in re- But a theological seminary can- ligious faith. Only the very best not be adequately supported by its intellectual and alert spiritual students and local missions which leaders can command their respect must conduct an extensive evan- and attention~ gelistic and medical work and the The churches are making a secondary schools and college splendid effort to reach self-sup- which must provide students for port, and especially so since the the Seminary. Every theological United Evangelical Church of the seminary in the United States de- Philippines has been organized. pends upon special gifts and in- They now feel that the Church is come from endowments. The Trus- their very own. They need trained tees of the Seminary in Manila and Christian laymen to assist in build- the Cooperating Committee in ing this self-supporting Filipino America, whose membership con- Church. The Government, too, is sists of responsible laymen and the in great need of trained teachers secretaries of the five cooperating who possess not only adequate in- missionary Boards, have therefore tellectual equipment but also have authorized the launching of an ef- clean Christian characters. Many fort to secure an endowment of at of our Christian young people of least $125,000, to be invested by the second generation are attend- the Cooperating Committee.

ing the Seminary high school and There is no work on the mission pre-theological departments in or- field more strategic than the train- der to fit themselves for their life ing of a high grade ministry and work. lay leadership. This is the task to Through the aid of the five co- which this Seminary is devoted.

operating missionary boards, a It is the only institution of the kind beautiful new concrete building of in the Philippines, and it is there- three stories and roof garden was fore the dependence of the Filipino erected in 1926. The valuation of churches and the cooperating de- the building and site is $125,000. nominations for the supply of the The faculty is composed of capable ministers and lay workers American missionaries and Fil- that are indispensable to the sta- ipinos, all well trained for their bility and development of evangeli- specific tasks. The total number is cal Christianity in this great archi- 25-six Filipinos and 19 mission- pelag-o.

CAMBODIA'S GOLDEN

BY THE REV. N. M. CRESSMAN, Battambang, Cambodia "JUST off the press." How often in its order, the good old Gospels this announcement has ar- and Acts, printed and circulated by rested our attention. Please the thousands already in Cambodia. Then "Rome," wherein Cambodians take this seriously and you will be will learn of "righteousness by faith in Christ Jesus." Next "Korintroduced to what is destined to rantoe string one" and "Korrantoe string two" with their instructions become "the best seller" in the his- for the assemblies of saints in the tory of Cambodia. It is the Cambodian New Testament, just off the midst of heathen customs. Campress of the "Imprimerie de la Mis- bodian sacred books are written on sion EvangeIique de l'Indochine." both sides of long, narrow, palm leaves. Each page has a hole in the The translation and printing are center with a loose cord running through them all, thus permitting the work of faithful toilers of the them to turn over the leaves and Christian and Missionary Alliance. read both sides. One string refers to one volume. This expression is This tentative edition is bound in carried over from Cambodian lita golden-yellow, heavy paper cover, erature even though our New a color in keeping with so many Testament is printed in book form. Therefore we have "two strings" things in this land; the robes in connection with Paul's counsels (when new) of the much revered to the Corinthians. Buddhist priests, the enameled tiles on the roofs of the royal buildings, We close this wonderful book the dancing pavilion, the new royal with "Work of Opening Visions" palace, the pagoda with the silver (Revelation). Noticing in this last floor, the house for the sacred book the favorite closing promise, white (?) elephant, etc. All these prayer and blessing, I found it just glisten with golden glory as the sun as much inspired and inspiring as reflects its rays upon them. But this royal book with golden covers in any other language. To save will outshine them all when from lost souls, cheer weary hearts, and its illumined pages the glory of strengthen tired bodies as they are Jesus Christ shines forth. being perfected in holiness, while engaged in this joyful work of I turned it over. I wanted to spreading the glorious light in this embrace it. Only those who know religious yet benighted land comes the task confronting missionaries "Cambodia's Golden Book," The when trying to instruct young New Testament. Christians in the way of righteousness, honesty and chastity will fuIly "Thy testimonies are wonderful; understand what it means to pos- therefore doth my soul keep them. sess the epistles in the language of The entrance of thy words giveth the people. Thus the Church of light, it giveth understanding unto Jesus Christ in Cambodia may now the simple. . . . .. I rejoice at thy possess earth's greatest treasure, Word as one that findeth great the "Word of God." spoil."

I paged through it carefully after having read the title, "Sacred Book of the New Promise." Each book 439

MEDICAL MISSIONS IN AFRICA?

BY FLORENCE NEWBERRY GRIBBLE, M.D., Yaloke, par Bangui, French Equatorial Africa Medical Mi8"8ionwrll" rfLa Mis8ion Oubangui Ohari/J Foreign. Miss10'llM'1l 8oulet'll oj the Brethren Ohurch I F JOHN 3: 16 is justly and His wife wears only the skins of properly considered the world's animals. Layers of fllth are mixed golden text, then 1 John 3: 16 with daubs of red ochre and castor may be considered the golden text oil-not only on their skins and in of the Church. "Hereby know we their hair-but on their meagre love, because He laid down his life clothing as well. The light is too for us, and we ought to lay down dim to see the abounding vermin, our lives for the brethren." If the well-known carriers of disease. "the brethren" include those for A sick child may be lying close to whom Christ died and who would the fire upon the filthy floor. Here become His true brethren if they the medical missionary has an efhad an opportunity, then an ilIumi- fective stepping stone to present nating ray to one called to be a the Gospel of Christ. medical missionary is found in the 17th verse. Happy is the medical missionary who has a simple but sanitary hos- "But whoso hath the world's pital to which he may remove the goods, and beholdeth his brother in sick children. With simple faith need, and shutteth up his compas- those children may accept the sion from him, how doth the love Lord Jesus, daily preached and of God abide in him?" practiced in the wards, and may carry the story of Jesus to their None who have not seen with parents. their own eyes the extent of the need in non-Christian lands can The sick man, woman, or child fathom the depth of the extremity whom we remove from the hut to of these sufferers. the hospital may have anyone of a variety of diseases. We may find For nearly twenty years a pio- liver and spleen enormously enneer medical missionary in Africa, larged, limbs emaciated, vital no physical need has made upon processes arrested, death immimy heart a more profound impres- nent. Then must come out of its sion than the unspeakable filth and case that expensive instrument the squalor in which the heathen na- microscope. "What a waste of tive lives. Crawl on your hands money!" someone may say. "Betand knees through the low aper- ter to put our money into the ture which forms the only door direct preaching of the Gospel!" into the hut of the East African But the medical missionary ra- Mukikuyu, and avoid, if you can members that the Lord said, "As the filth and soot. You do not find ye teach, heaL" The microscope a stool or even a mat on which to finds that the trouble is not masit but you must stoop for volumes laria. He discovers Leishman of smoke. have no other exit than Donavan bodies; and so he knows the interstices in the grass which the child has kala-azar, and if it forms the roof. Your brother in had remained in the vermin inneed is dressed in an old blanket.

440 fected hut, whole villages might trained colleague failed to recog- have succumbed to the deadly epi- nize.

demic. Over 90% of these cases If you could come into our left untreated would have died. churches in this dark land, we Because the microscope revealed might say to you as the congrega- the nature of the disease the child tion files slowly out, "Do you see must have not quinine for malaria, that man there? He had sleeping but antimonium for kala-azar. So sickness in its worst form. He the villages are saved. To what was a focus of infection and purpose? To hear the Gospel from doomed to a lingering death. But the lips of the doctor, his colleague God has blessed the administration or both. of tryparsamid and he is healed."

If the doctor. has no hospital he Come home with us to lunch and cares for his patients as best he we will tell you the story of B., a can. Sometimes he is obliged to former polygamist who gave his leave them in the native village in heart to Jesus Christ and who spite of teeming vermin and rap- passed the great test by the suridly spreading infection. Some- render of his supernumerary times he brings them to a hastily wives. Yet after his conversion improvised hut, the kindly prof- and baptism, there clung to him fered home of a native Christian, that dread disease syphilis. He or to his own veranda. But this grew worse in those early days course may expose the native when we had neither hospital, nor Christian and family to infection nurse, nor satisfactory equipment. which may be fatal. The mission- Then one day the long ordered ary's child, like an exotic plant, Neosalvarsum arrived and, prayoften succumbs in the tropics to ing to God to help, we gave him diseases to which the native chil- one half a dose. He could neithE:r walk or even tUrn his head. The dren show a marvellous resistance. next morning, returning from an When there is no hospital, the ef- emergency case, we were asked by fort to care for a patient on the a colleague if we had seen B. uNo, station may result, according to the method used, in the loss of the but we are going at once," we repatient and consequently reflec- sponded breathlessly, believing the tions upon the work; in the loss end to be not far away. "Wait," of the life of a valuable native replied our fellow missionary, uB. worker, or even in the death of a was here to see you. He walked all member of the missionary's fam- the way. He feels so well, and is ily. praising God for this wonderful deliverance." The reaction is more If he has a hospital and equip- than we can bear. Surely God has ment, he may lack nurses and worked wondrously in our midst! other trained assistants. So his 'We might tell you of our first time is consumed with complica- fracture case years ago when we tions which should be shared by were young. Kihika, under treatothers. He may have the respon- ment for a tubercular limb, n.eversibility both for the operation and theless working in his garden, fell for the anesthetic; or, the ordeal and fractured his femur. We had safely over, the patient succumbs no hospital, no nurse, no trained to a complication which an un- assistant of any kind, but the

treasurer of the mission knelt on part our attention was called to a the ground beside the man to ad- man lying by the fireside and minister the chloroform and the hitherto hidden by the crowd. He inexperienced doctor reduced the was a hideous mass of filth inter- fracture and applied the splints. mingled with recent burns. The In those days a man with a broken chief told his story. The night be- bone in that tribe was considered fore the man had left his hut, and hopeless. How we prayed, how presumably in a fit of epilepsy had we worked, how we massaged! fallen in the fire, where he re- What consultations with our mained unconscious until morning.

books, what inaugurations of anti- Deep burns were on the face, the tubercular treatments! And, oh, side, the chest, the thigh, while the what joy when Kihika walked, arm below the elbow was a charred when the fracture not only was mass. We brought him to the mis- healed, but the last vestige of tu- sion station where we then had no berculosis had disappeared. But hospital, no nurse, no trained as- the healing was not all. There sistants and but little equipment.

followed that rapid establishment Our surgical instruments had been of confidence so familiar to the burned in a recent fire and had not medical missionary after a hard been replaced. All wounds but the but successful fight with disease, arm healed without surgical inter- confidence of the people, not only ference. We decided to amputate in the mission, but in the Gospel the arm at the elbow j oint. But as well. our patient refused. We prayed What a wonderful boon and for his consent and on Sunday seeming magic chloroform is in a morning our table boy who was heathen land! "Give me some of also our medical helper, whis- that medicine in my nose," said a pered: "Mesengaili wants his arm patient in the Yaloke hospital the off." The only other missionary other day, "and you may cut me on the station consented to try to open and see what is the matter give the anesthetic. The operation with me!" was performed on the veranda of The day of miracles is not past the dwellinghouse, on a native- and we may be called upon to ex- made table, with a hunting knife ercise the gift of healing in a mi- and a carpenter's saw. Myassist- raculous way. I believe that God ant fainted. The natives stood heals every patient who is cured outside with cries and groans of in our work. Who can deny Him "He will die, he will never wake the use of the means He has Him- up, Alas, Alas!" Finally the op- self created? Who can refuse to eration was finished, and the pa- cooperate with Him? Who can tient made a perfect recovery. No- turn a deaf ear to the call to be body in all this tribe had ever lived a medical missionary? Happy is before through such an accident.

he who is privileged to be so No one had ever heard of an am- called. putation. Few had heard of chloro- We went to preach one morning form. But Mesengaili gives his in Jougous village. The crowd was simple testimony-"They put me great around the fire. Several of to sleep. They took off my dead the audience accepted the Lord arm. I am well again." To the Jesus. As we were about to de- native it is more wonderful and

WHY MEDICAL MISSIONS IN AFRICA?

produces greater confidence in his All around us in our present mind than a perfect restoration. field we have the leper. He is At Mahagi in the Belgian Congo sometimes helpless, often de- the region is peculiarly susceptible formed, but sometimes curable.

to thunder storms. Lightning of- We may manifest the love of God, ten strikes a native hut, and men we may cure the body, and we may and women and children are have the joy of knowing that killed. Sometimes however, they Christ is preached, not only to, are only stunned, and alas, buried but often by the leper. Without alive. One night a little Christian treatment, we must pass by, like boy living in one such village came the Levite–on the other side- to the doctor during the storm. while the poor human bodies con- "A man has just been struck by tinue to be mutilated and de- lightning," he said. "I don't know stroyed by the ravages of the dis- whether or not he is dead, but they ease, and contagion is rapidly are going to bury him." The doc- spread.

tor went in all haste. The man was Without such treatment souls unconscious but words were use- are not won to Christ for the "Son less. They ·laughed at the very of God is not manifested unto suggestion of life. They were them" and "the works of the devil completing their preparations for are not destroyed in their midst."

his immediate burial but the doc- Our medical ministry is also tor quickly drew from her case her blessed to the ungodly white man hypodermic. A quick injection, a in Africa, and much more to our speedy response! The man moved fellow missionary who suffers slightly, then stirred perceptibly from disease. They are burned by and sat up. One premature burial the tropical sun, they know the was interrupted. One more step anguish of African malaria, and had been taken toward winning thank God they know the mitigat- confidence in that difficult field. ing effects of scientific healing.

For a time the doctor was supposed Happy is the medical missionary to have raised the man from the or the nurse privileged to minister dead. to some dear missionary mother in The medical missionary will her hour of need.

never forget the first time she en- And never shall 1 forget those tered a hut where a child was be- days when my own life was saved ing born. A woman who had been by a fellow physician. For that in labor four days was unable to boon 1 travelled three hundred deliver her child. At last the hus- miles, carried on a cot by natives, band was persuaded to send for and after two operations recovery the mission doctor. There was no came in three months.

time to be lost and fifteen minutes By increasing medical missions after the doctor entered the hut workers can be protected, lives the child was delivered. There saved, and the ministry of healing were cries of "God, 'tis God," can become an effective stepping throughout the village. Then we stone to the Gospel. "Hereby preached Christ unto them, Christ, know we love, because He laid whose we are, and whom we serve. down His life for us, and we ought It was the beginning of a turning to lay down our livei for the to Him in that obdurate village. brethren."

"Subsidence of Our Foundations" tunity-an empeas.is'of the

to press forward in~q,that "great and This was the disconcerting phrase effectual door." ,,' . in President Hoover's address in New A h Ch York. "What we are facing to-day," re t e urches Losing he said, "is the possibility that respect Ground for law as law is fading from the This is the title of an impressive sensibilities of our people. We are not article by the Rev. Dr. Henry K. Carsuffering from an ephemeral crime roll in The Christian Herald of April wave, but from a subsidence of our 26th. The statistics that are cited by foundations." Such words from the this eminent authority show that "de- Chief Magistrate of the Nation con- spite the decrease in some instances, stitute a solemn challenge to the the result on the whole is encouragchurches. The laws of Congress and ing." They can hardly be termed state legislatures deal only with the satisfactory however. As compared external acts and relations of man. with the figures for preceeding years They do not create new "foundations" "there is less proportionate gain and or keep present ones from subsiding. several losses in unexpected places." This is distinctably the work of the For the first time in its history the churches which represent and apply largest denomination in America, the principles of the Gospel of Christ. which has long been notable for evan- gelistic results, shows "a net decrease Never has the need been more press- of 2,440." The survey of the whole ing. Humanism, Behaviorism, a situation leads many anxious Chrismechanistic interpretation of the uni- tians to fear that the spiritual tide in verse, and other cults and isms that America is ebbing. But we repeat our lleek to improve conditions without former statement that there· is no Christ, to secure the fruits of Chris- ground for pessimism. The tide will tianity without its roots, are deceiv- turn. Tides always do. No one who ing many. This is the time of all understands what Christ is and what times for the followers of Christ to He came to do can doubt for a moment hold fast to their faith and to proclaim that the recession is anything more it with redoubled vigor. "To be sure" than temporary. When the then known said that great Chinese Christi~n world appeared to be crumbling, Au- Chang Po-ling, "it is a discouraging gustine calmly said, "It is a little outlook just now. But why should we cloud; it will pass." And he sat down let go of our faith because things and wrote his inspiring book on "The look bad? If everything looked prom- City of God." Jesus Christ is still the ising we might do without faith. In solution of all earth's problems, the rliscouraging times when all that we goal of all human progress, the Savsee is depressing is the very time iour and King of men. To His inspirwhen faith helps most. Right now is ing service let every Christian conseexactly the time to have faith." crate himself anew.

St. Paul wrote to the Corinthians: Call to Evangelism "For a great door and effectual is opened unto me, and there are many adversaries;" "and" not but, as if ad- versaries ",ere to be accepted not as a In connection with the special redeterrent but as a part of the oppor- membrance of Pentecost this month, 444

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

we are glad to call attention to the fol- millions of starving people can be lowing resolution of The Foreign Mis- saved. sions Conference of North America: The China Famine Relief, whose This:Thirty-seventh Conference of the headquarters are 205 East 42d Street, Fc~ignMission Boards of North Amer- New York, is earnestly trying to meet ica, meeting at the opening of the year this desperate need. It has reliable which marks the nineteenth centennial of facilities for distributing aid, and Pentecost and of the beginning of the money sent to it will be wisely and Christian missionary enterprise, humbly promptly used. thanks God for'the blessings experienced in a deeper realization of evangelism Religious Persecution in Russia as the heart of all effort in establish· ing the Kingdom of God in the earth. The American Committee on Reli- We earnestly urge mission boards and gious Rights and Minorities, which societies to reemphasize evangelism as consists of sixty eminent men of difthe vitalizing spirit permeating and di· fering political and religious convicrecting all their policies and activities tions-Protestants, Roman Catholics at home and abroad. and Jews-after a careful investigation has issued a public statement on the In the inspiring fellowship of this Con- persecution of religion in Russia. The ference, we solemnly renew our alle- Committee recognizes the probability giance to our Lord, and call upon all our that some of the published reports as fellow members of the Protestant to w4at is taking place in Russia are Churches of North America to a more misleading; that all sorts of rumors sacrificial obedience to Him and to a are in circulation and that some of large sharing of the risen, living Christ the alleged persecutions may not be with all mankind. The Conference is susceptible of proof. The Committee, deeply impressed with the fervent spirit however, has access to a large number and purpose of the Christian Church in of thoroughly authenticated instances China and in Japan, especially as evi- that prove beyond question that acts denced in the present vigorous crusade have been perpetrated that shock the of aggressive evangelism, and pledges moral sense of the civilized world and itself to the fullest spiritual cooperation that overwhelmingly justify the prowith these movements. The Conference tests that are being made. earnestly prays for a fresh and worldwide induement of power from on high, After making all due allowance for issuing in a great revival of Christian the political, social and religious backwitnessing throughout the Church Uni. ground of the Russian situation, and versal. the difficulty of the problems ,,!ith which the Soviet Government has had China Famine to deal, the plain fact remains that re- ligious persecution appears to prevail Reports regarding the famine in in Russia on a scale unprecedented in modern times; that this persecution is China continue to be most distressing. not based on objection to any particu· It is unmistakably clear that one of lar form of religion-Orthodox, J ewthe most appalling calamities in all ish, Protestant, Roman Catholic or history prevails in that sorely troubled Mohammedan-but to hostility to reliland. Summer weather is temporarily gion as such and to a determination to relieving suffering from cold, but it is extirpate it for the coming generation in any and every form; and that this not bringing harvests because the determination finds expression in conscanty supplies of seed, that were· not fiscation of churches, punishing priests, rabbis and ministers who perform the seized by heartless bandits and war- duties of their sacred calling, forlords, were long ago eaten to keep the bidding them and all parents under people alive. Farm implements and what animals there were, had to be sold for a like purpose. Nothing reo mains but a few roots and leaves. Some of the destitute sections are so difficult of access or so harried by bandits and soldiers that food could not be gotten to them, but there are extensive areas within reach in which

severe penalties to teach religion to apprehensions to some extent. The groups of children, however small, un- outcome is indeed far from being all der the age of 18; while the Govern- that had been hoped for, but it is so ment, not content with forbidding the much better than was expected several religious instruction of children, itself weeks before the adjournment of the teaches them in government schools conference that the feeling on the to repudiate and hate religion as su- whole is one of relief. One of the perstition and the enemy of the State. most disconcerting. provisions lies in the upward application of the prin- Copies of the Statement may be ob- ciple of naval parity with Great Brit- tained by addressing the Secretary, ain, instead of downward, which, if Mr. Linley V. Gordon, 70 Fifth Ave., made effective, would involve a large New York. increase in the American navy and the expenditure of the huge additional The Naval Conference sum of a billion dollars during the next five years. However, it should No other class has more reason to be borne in mind that the treaty sim- be interested in the reduction of ar- ply gives the United States the right maments than missionaries. They are to parity and that it does not bind in a special sense the ambassadors of the American people and government the Prince of Peace. His Gospel is to build up to it. They remain free to the antithesis of war. It stands for consider each proposal for naval exuniversal brotherhood and internation- penditure on its merits at the time. al goodwill. Racial and national suspicions, jealousies and hatreds create On the whole, inadequate as the an atmosphere which makes the work treaty is in some respects, we hope of missionaries peculiarly difficult. All over the world therefore missionary that it will be ratified by the Senate. workers hailed with joy the Kellogg A comparison of the' outcome of the Peace Pact and they looked forward with eager interest to the Naval Con- Conference with the utterances of ference in London. As the Conference President Hoover, Ambassador Gibproceeded, however, the high expectations which had been aroused by the son and other responsible officials signing of the Kellogg Pact and the prior to the meeting makes it fair to personal conversations of President assume that the American delegates Hoover and Prime Minister MacDonald were changed to disappointment. It did not secure all that they d.esired. looked as if the Conference were dom- It is equally fair, however, to assume inated by the psychology of war in- that men ·of such ability, moral earstead of the psychology of peace, that nestness and conscientious effort did after all the constituent nations had the· best they could in circumstances solemnly renounced war as an instru- of great difficulty and delicacy. The ment of national policy, and pledge<1 result is undoubtedly a step forward, themselves to the peaceful Rettlement and that is certainly better than no of international disputes, the delegates step at all. The alternative of rejecof the Conference acted as if that tion would be exceedingly unfortunate, solemn covenant had never been a moral disaster of the first magniagreed upon and conducted their de- tude, It is to be hoped therefore that liberations with the contingency of the friends of peace will rally to its war definitely in mind. support and, when that advanced po- sition is occupied, press on to a higher The pUblication, April 22, of the position. Much still remains to be final draft of the treaty relieved these done to give more effective govern- mental expression to the growing "will for peace." EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions ONE METHOD FOR SOLVING A filled with dismay, and the missionary GROWING PROBLEM superintendent was deeply distressed By MRS. L. W. CHAPIN, for she had a great love for the mis- sion work with the children. We Springfield, Mass. tried to continue the programs on one Becoming actively interested in the Sunday a month but in the end were missionary work of my church, I was obliged to abandon the meetings elected president of the Woman's So- though the work was not wholly given ciety and have given many of the best up.

years of my life to the cause of mis- This was a very trying experience sions. for us, but one many a woman is fac- From information obtainable I ing in these days of constant changes.

came to the conclusion that the success I knew the missionary interest of the of the missionary work in the church future depended much upon the train- depended largely upon the interest ex- ing of the children of today, and the hibited by the president of the wom- situation was not faced happily.

an's organization. Governing myself The boys and girls were promoted accordingly I tried to create interest to the Intermediate Department, which wherever possible, and help to foster was presided over by a superior young the interests already created. matron who had an enthusiasm equal For a time we had had a department to that of the general superintendent; of missionary work for the Juniors in one who gave her life to the Sunday- connection with the Sunday afternoon school and its best interest; with the meetings, devoting one Sunday a Junior achievement, recreational and month to the missionary program; the social programs there seemed to be but superintendent was one of the most little time for the presentation of mis- efficient I have ever known and gave sionary information to the youth.

generously of her time and strength There was always a rankling in my to the work. Excellent results were breast when I thought of missions for obtained in missionary intelligence ex- the young people, and I longed for hibited by the boys and girls. more favorable conditions. .

This department was very pleasing Summer vacation came and went, to me and all went well for some time another year passed and still the mis- -then, the blow fell ! We had a very sionary program was an unsolved capable and enthusiastic general super- problem. It was late in September intendent of the Sunday-school, who before things were well under way in was constantly endeavoring to better the church school. I was passing out conditions in the church school. Re- from service one Sunday when I came ligious education was coming to the face to face with the Intermediate Su- front and he became interested in the perintendent; her countenance lighted new methods; these were introduced up and she came forward with out- into the Sunday-school. Classes were stretched hands and said, "I want to graded and the Sunday afternoon talk with you." We found a quiet meetings were discontinued. I was corner and she began enthusiastically, 447 "I have been away to summer school some who would never be found in a and have had a vision of missions. I special missionary meeting, so I ac- want you to take over the missionary cepted the task, feeling my inability.

instruction in my department. We are Right here let me say that I believe to have a two and one-half hour ses- I did my best work for missions when sion divided into four periods, the last I made that decision, for others with one we will devote to missions. If you far greater ability than mine have bewill take the work you may build your come interested and will carryon much own program, you may do as you like better than I will be able to. if you will help me in this new problem in the church school." Then she When Sunday came I had many added, "I will help you in any way doubts and would have preferred facthat I can in the woman's missionary ing the Supreme Court of the U. S. to work." A promise that has been faith- going before the fifty youngsters with fully kept. the message. To make the task even more difficult, whom should appear but To do as she suggested was quite a former Director of Religious Educa- an undertaking for one who had done tion in one of our larger churches, who no work with Juniors for many years. had eliminated all the woman's work I knew there was no program made for children in his particular church.

that would le:(ld itself to this situation; He had accepted a high office in the it literally meant to build my own pro- Sunday-school work and was with us gram, for deep in my heart was a for observation and as an advisor. I faith in the woman's work and a great did not expect him to be in sympathy desire that it be preserved. Why not? with my ideas, nevertheless I was Had it not progressed and grown to there to present them.

great proportions during the many I began by telling the children I had years of its existence? Had it ever had no opportunity to learn about mis- withdrawn one missionary for lack of sions when I was a child, a fact which funds? Were there not hundreds of I regretted, and because of this I was thousands of women interested in mis- anxious to have them learn about the sions as never before? Why should children of other lands, especially our work be given up as some were about those our own church was loving suggesting because new methods of and helping. On the first Sunday in religious education were being intro- the month the money we brought in duced, which had not been sufficiently the mission envelopes went to build tested. Good methods? Yes, but why churches, hospitals and boys' schools, couldn't there be some adjustments and for evangelization of people who made for the improvement of all mis- knew not God, there was also another sionar.r departments? And also for work for women and girls that only the strengthening of our church the women could do, so all together we school? would work for both departments of I was already overcrowded with church missions. Then I told briefly work and it seemed impossible to add of some of the missionaries supported one more task. I had one week to by the Juniors, of the Christmas boxes think over the matter and at the end we sent them and of the letters re- of that time I told the superintendent ceived. The young people were very I would accept her proposition. I attentive and seemed much interested.

would be loyal to the church benevo- At the close when I was feeling that lences and the church school, but I I had made a failure of my presenta- would reserve the right to advance the tion from the viewpoint of the visitor, work of the Woman's Society in which much to my surprise he came forward I thoroughly believed. I realized that and said, "Mrs. – – – , I believe you here was an opportunity that might have the right idea about our mission- never come again, a chance to reach ary program for the young people and

METHODS FOR WORKERS

I shall watch this school with inter- School Department has been asked to est." I then spoke in behalf of the give the story, often in a very acwoman's work and he agreed with me ceptable manner. Thus far I have that we must labor together for the spoken only of the missionary probenefit of both departments of our gram but to see the period as a whole church missionary organizations. I will speak briefly of the closing as- sembly-the fourth period of our two Week by week the program has been and one-half hour church school. built; not to my satisfaction, but I believe we are traveling in the right For nearly two hours the young peodirection. We are finishing our sec- ple have been in session, divided into ond year and are pleased with the re- four periods. Owing to crowded consults. No great stress is laid upon ditions some of the classes are held in giving, but the young people under- the church and some in the parish stand that this is an important part of house; when the hour of closing our missionary project, and each boy comes, passing from church to the and girl has a mite box or a device of parish house affords a wonderful opsome kind for the collection of funds. portunity for returning home. Never- Later a party with a program, with theless from forty to sixty pupils have parents as guests, will be held and an been present each Sunday. ingathering of funds will be an important feature. The closing devotional period is con- ducted by two members of the depart- For this year we have had for our ment, opening with a hymn; then folsubject, "Witnesses for God," and lows the Intermediate poem in unison, used for the first month the Junior salute to the Christian flag and to the study book, "Going to Jerusalem," the flag of our country, and general an- "How to Use" published by the Wom- nouncements. Another hymn follows, an's Foreign Missionary Society of which provides excellent preparation the Methodist Episcopal Church giving for the missionary program. many helps. To lead up to the Christmas giving for the Chinese children The superintendent of another dewhich is one of our projects, the story, partment became interested in the In- "The Christmas Tree Tells Its Story," termediate program and this year has by Betty Kilburn, Sendai, Japan, pub- introduced a World Friendship and lished in the Junior Mi$sionary Friend Mission class of forty minutes each of December, 1929, was used; this was Sunday into her two-hour session. The followed the next Sunday by "The members of this department are Gift," by Anita B. Ferris, published formed into a mission band, outside in Everyland, December, 1928. the church school, with a superintend- ent who arranges for quarterly meet- To acquaint the boys and girls with ings and parties. our own missionary supported by the women of our church we used: Several who have gone from the In- termediate Department to a higher one 1. A brief sketch of her life and her have retained their interest and plans picture. are being made to form them into groups to go forward with the mis- 2. Map of Japan. sion work. 3. Facts about the country. 4. Location of school. There is much more to be said re- 5. Work in the girls' school and garding the extending influence of this boys' school. plan in many of our churches, and in the years to come a strengthening in- 6. Extracts from missionary's let- stead of a diminishing of the woman's ters read and many photos sent by her work seems assured. exhibited. This program could not be carried Much of the instruction has been out in an hour's session in Sundaygiven in story form and a boy or girl school, but if one Sunday or a part of . from the department or from the High

a Sunday a month could be devoted to We're united for freedom, definite,missionary work for the young For this and all Lands, people, including all the church missionary work, I believe the missionary That the nations be subject interests of the future would be safe. To His high commands.

Study of the Philippines, Divided Have a girl read the following: into Four Lessons, as outlined by Mrs. Chapin. GENERAL PACT FOR THE RENUNCIATION OF WAR 1. Use map of Philippines according to directions as given by Friendship Signed at Paris, August 27, 1928 Press, 150 Fifth Ave., New York. Proclaimed a Binding Agreement at 2. Use first and second paragraphs Washington, July 24, l!J29 of "Going to School in the Philippines," published in "Philippine The President of the German Reich, Stories," by Miss M. M. Crabtree. the President of the United States of Order from W. F. M. S. office, 581 America, His Majesty the King of the Boylston St., Boston, Mass. These Belgians, the President of the French Retwo paragraphs make a good introduc- public, His Majesty the King of Great tion to be, followed by the story, Britain, Ireland and the British Domin- "About Myself" (Philippine Stories), ions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, Chapters I, II, III, shortened to fifteen His Majesty the King of Italy, His minutes. Use pictures from Puhlic Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the Library showing conditions under President of the Republic of Poland, the Spanish rule. Continue story, "About President of the Czechoslovak Republic, Myself," Chapters IV, V, VI shorMned. Use Public Library pictures showing Persuaded that the time has come when conditions under United States rule. a frank renunciation of war as an in- strument of national policy should be 3. Story of Rizal, Filipino patriot. made …. " Convinced that all changes Have it told by a boy from the de- in their relations with one another should partment. be sought only by paCific means ….. . Hopeful that, encouraged by their ex- 4. Description of the Moros told ample, all the other nations of the world graphically by one of the department, will join in this humane endeavor ….. . followed by the story of Mathias Have decided to conclude a Treaty ….. . Chudra (of the same tribe) showing changes under Christian influences ARTICLE 1 (told by leader). The High Contracting Parties solemnly A SUGGESTION FOR YOUR PRI- declare in the names of their respective MARY AND INTERMEDIATE peoples that they condemn recourse to WORLD FRIENDSHIP war for the solution of international con- PROGRAM troversies, and renounce it as an instru- ment of national policy in their relations Have a boy recite the following; with one another.

AN ODE TO OLD GLORY ARTICLE 2 By MISS ELIZABETH PIERCE, The High Contracting Parties agree Washington, D. C. that the settlement or solution of all dis- putes or conflicts of whatever nature or We salute you, Old Glory, of whatever origin they may be, which With your red, white and blue, may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means. With your stars for each State Of the Union so true. TWO VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS FOR MISSIONARIES IN HEALTH Where the Spirit of God is CENTER AND DAY SCHOOL There shall Liberty be, WORK With E Pluribus Unum FIRST SUGGESTION: Our pledge for the Free. Preparation and U.e of Bean Milk To me one of the most challenging pieces of social service work being done in Peiping and at the same time filled with possibilities was that of tbe tiny Bean Milk Depots to which the almost hopeless mothers came with

METHODS FOR WORKERS

pieces Df brDken cup Dr plate Dr Dcca- quitDes idly gDes thrDugh Dur brains.

siDnally a whDle vessel in which to' A little bDY was out boat riding with take hDme to' their darling little slant- his father and while frantically swat- eyed babes the pDrtiDn Df bean milk SO' ting mDsquitoes he said: "Pa." "Yes, IDvingly prepared under the directiDn my bDY, what is it?" answered the Df Mrs. Lui and Mrs. Davis whO' had father. "Well, Pa, I have been WDn- wDrked fDr mDnths to' .perfect the dering why Noah didn't swat both of fDrmula SO' that it wDuld have the those mosquitDes when he had the prDper cDntent fDr infant nDurishment. chance instead Df letting them intO' the After returning hDme and hearing ark."

frDm Miss RDsenberger Df the Health We wDnder why this and other pre- Center Df SeDul, KDrea, Df their great ventions were nDt discovered earlier need Df such an inexpensive infant in the wDrld's histDry, but when we fDDd, I secured frDm Mrs. Lui the fDl- think Df the things that have been IDwing fDrmula, sending it Dn to' SeDul. dDne by science and preventive medi- Miss RDsenberger writes: "The recipe cine, we bow Dur heads in reverence.

is gDing all Dver KDrea and it is being Last year we were cDntemplating fed in Kindergartens. We are feeding putting on a Health Campaign in it here to' the undernDurished babies Seoul under the guidance of the CDun- and they are, thriving Dn it. The cil Dn Health frDm Shanghai. HDW- trDuble is we want to' feed it to' the ever, the Government decided to' put very pDDr and they need almDst daily Dn a baby ShDW, SO' we did nDt feel attentiDn." justified in gDing ahead. This year a THE FORMULA As GIVEN IN Health Day in May was inaugurated MRS. LUI'S LETTER by the GDvernment. Literature flut- tered dDwn from the sky until every Making Bean Milk alley seemed to be filled and every 1. Grind beans intO' pieces. church had enDugh to' distribute to 2. Take Dff skins (Dr shells). each man, WDman and child. A health 3. SDak it with 7 times of cDld parade was anDther feature of this parwater fDr twelve hDurs. ticular day. 4. Change water twO' Dr three times in between twelve hDurs. An awakening and then education- 5. Use a large spDDn carrying 2/3 these are Dur prDblems-alsD hDW to' Df beans with 1/3 Df water intO' the adapt Public Health to' this cDuntry "milk" kettle and grind it intO' paste where the hDusing and sanitary CDn- (Dr pulp). ditiDns are so ill adapted to' it. 6. Put the paste intO' a utensil, then pDur bDiling water intO' it, enDugh to' It has IDng been Dur dream to' have cDndense it. an Drganized Child Welfare WDrk in 7. Drip it in a piece Df white clDth. SeDul which should be a center fDr YDU will find the milk falling dDwn teaching the undergraduate nurses and thrDugh the clDth. dDctors the value Df public health wDrk. 8. BDiling the milk, be sure to' stir The Dther institutiDns have, heretDit Dften, Dtherwise it may burn. fore, been tDD busy to cDnsider this project, but last year the opening came. Korea is certainly grateful to Mrs. Severance HDspital wanted to' open up Lui and to Mrs. Davis. What a fine wDrk and SO' did East Gate HDspital. illustration of "sharing" this is! They were willing to' cDmbine fDrces under a bDard Df thDse interested and thus a Child Welfare UniDn has been Public Health and Baby organized. Welfare Work The Dbject and SCDpe Df the wDrk is: By ELMA T. RDSENBERGER, R. N. 0) Several clinics throughDut the city, (2) These clinics to be teaching When thinking Df writing a repDrt, centers for dDctors and nurses, ' (3) the stDry of the small bDY and the mDS- Three central clinics – Dne at Sev-

erance, one at East Gate and the other days. The feeding station is only an at the Social Evangelistic Center- infant, yet we have fed as many as working the surrounding districts twelve babies a day – an average of from each of these centers. forty-eight bottles a day or a total of 12,960 bottles of prepared milk. We For two years we have been praying began this feeding station work only for a Korean nurse well enough edu- last October. cated to study Public Health work abroad, one who would love the work We have a record-breaking family. well enough to want to do it. Such a They have two children who have both young woman knowing her own people had prizes at the baby show. The chiland having studied problems in other dren are now three and five years old lands would be able to adapt a Code respectively and have been brought to of Public Health to meet the needs of the clinic regularly since they were her own people. The Lord answered two months old. The whole family our prayer by giving us Frances Lee, have become believers and are beautiwho has had two years' work in China, ful Christians. a graduate of Ewha College and of Severance Nurses' Training School. We know that this large field of She has been accepted by the Uni- Health Education has not been touched, versity of Toronto for graduate study. but we mean to "peg along" with God's She will be the first Korean to receive help until a grand awakening shall come.

EAST GATE scnoOf, HEALTH POSTERR. SEOUL, KOREA a Public Health diploma. We humbly SECOND SUGGESTION: thank the Lord and ask that He may be with her and bring her back safely Health Poster Exhibit of the Girls' and well equipped for the work. Seoul Da.y Schools During this past year we have kept By MISS ADA HALL, in touch with three hundred babies in Seoul, Korea three hundred homes. Dr. New has given us her time in the clinic. East Last June the Seoul day schools put Gate has kindly let us take care of our on a Health Poster Exhibit which tonsil and circumcision preventive showed plainly two splendid facts. cases in the hospital. Our newest de- First, that the Koreans can do anyvelopments have been the bath house thing well that they set their hearts and the milk station. The bath house and minds on doing, and second, that provides for sanitary baths for from some of the public health taught in the forty to seventy kiddies on bathing schools by Miss Rosenberger and her nurse the past three years has gone

METHODS FOR WORKERS

home. Each school made its own time getting it all explained to him. posters – then these were all brought While the East Gate School as a whole to East Gate School where they cov- won the first prize, the kindergarten ered the entire wall space of the upper there really had the best posters of any floor, three big rooms-two opening of the grades. The one which evi- dently took the fancy of the judges into each other so they made a splen- was that of a little Negro girl eating did showing. a big slice of watermelon and all round it was placed very nicely a lot Even though there had been no of different fruit. The explanation of meaning back of them the coloring was the picture, of course, was written in worth seeing but the lessons they Korean or Chinese but each character taught were, of course, what was was on a flower petal cut out by the wanted. You people with your back- children. ground, who see these things taught so commonly in our public schools, can- It is impossible to describe these not quite conceive the importance of pictures in words but the coloring and such an exhibit in our background arrangement were splendid and herehere. It was the first of its kind. after, I am sure, it will be much easier for both the parents and the children The topics covered were many points to understand why the children should but some of the most striking were: come to school with their hair combed, Brushing the teeth, combing the hair, their teeth brushed and their bodies clean. taking baths" sleeping with the windows open, drinking plenty of good The old saying that cleanliness is water, not washing vegetables in the next to godliness we hope is still true same dirty stream in which the clothes and that by this effort made, our bodies are washed, diseases caused by the will be healthier, cleaner temples mosquito and fly, eating more vege- where the Holy Spirit may dwell. tables and fruit, etc. Advertisements of colored and non-colored pictures A BIBLE AND SONG PROGRAM from American magazines and a few from their own, arranged attractively FEATURE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE on colored paper and with explanations, were most decorative. Now we Courage are up-to-date whether you believe it or not, at least in some things. One Song of Courage of the posters represented the aeroplane dropping fruit and literature Stand up, stand up for Jesus, ye sol- diers of the cross, telling them to eat it, and there were the Korean children ready to grasp Lift high his royal banner, it must not suffer loss; them. Another was a row of children with tooth brushes in their right hand. From victory unto victory, His army Over in the corner was a person play- shall He lead ing a piano. You could just see the leader saying, "Ready, start," and then Till every foe is vanquished and Christ imagine them cleaning their teeth to is Lord indeed. music. Again they took an advertisement of Fullers' brushes, and after Speech of Courage, by Old Testamaking a Korean house cut from ment Women. paper, they arranged this advertisement very tastefully about it in such a (Select six women, each of whom way that that particular Korean house will prepare to narrate in no more at least received a good cleaning. The than five sentences, the story of her big flies and mosquitoes and their life assigned character, and have her read histories called the attention of a the speech of Courage which she utgreat many visitors and one old man tered.) in particular had quite an interesting Miriam Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may

nurse the child for thee? Exodus and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, 2: 7. although the enemy could not counter- vail the king's damage. Esther 7. Rahab There came men unto me, but I Speech of Courage by Women of wist not whence they were: and it Today came to pass about the time of shutting of the gate, when it was dark (Have the selection read by one of the that the men went out: whither the group) men went I wot not: pursue after Take my life, and let it be them quickly, for ye shall overtake Consecrated, Lord to Thee. them. Joshua 2: 4, 5.

Ruth Take my hands, and let them move Intreat me not to leave thee, or to re- At the impulse of Thy love.

turn from following after thee; for Take my feet, and let them be whither thou goest, I will go; and Swift and beautiful for Thee. where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy Take my voice, and let me sing God, my God: where thou diest will AlWays, only for my King.

I die, and with thee will I be buried: the Lord do' so to me, and more also, Take my lips, and let them be if ought but death part thee and me. Filled with messages for Thee.

Ruth 1: 16, 17. Take my silver and my gold, Hannah Not a mite would I withhold.

Oh Lord of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine Take my moments and my days handmaid and remember me, and not Let them flow in endless praise.

forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then Take my intellect, and use I will give him unto the Lord all the Every power as Thou shalt choose.

days of his life. I Sam. 1: 11. Song of Continued Courage CapUve Maiden Onward, then ye people, join our hap- py throng Would God my lord were with the prophet that is in Samaria for he Blend with ours, your voices in the would recover him of his leprosy. II triumph song, Kings 5: 3. Glory, laud, and honor unto Christ the Esther King If I have found favour in thy sight, This through countless ages, me.l and o king, and if it please the king, let angels sing.

my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request: for we Onward, Christian soldiers, marching are sold, I and my people to be de- as to war stroyed, to be slain, and to perish. With the Cross of Jesus going on be- But if we had been sold for bondmen fore.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, Editors Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A people do on their own initiative after the speakers leave. MISSIONARY INSTITUTE? 2. It should cater particularly to po- By T. H. P. SAILER tentiallocomotives, those able and will- ing to work, and with capacity for Our principal difficulty in the church leadership. today is that we have too many missionary freight cars and too few loco- 3. It should not consist of addresses motives. The difference between a which no local talent could possibly freight car and a locomotive is that the duplicate, or of missionary vaudeville former has no motor power of its own. entertainments, but should concentrate It starts to move only when connected on suggestions for a program which with an engine. When given a shove, can be carried out. it goes along until its momentum is exhausted and then comes to a stop. 4. It should of course provide in- Locomotives can move, not only them- spirational features, but should aim at selves, but cars to which they are at- permanent action rather than temtached. porary uplift.

We have a lot of people in the church 5. The institute should be long whose missionary activity is dependent enough to give people definite ideas of on enthusiasm supplied by other per- how to teach and work. There should sons. They never generate any en- be several sessions for leaders of disthusiasm of their own, nor arouse it cussion groups. in anyone else. The only way to keep them interested is to get them to mis- 6. The courses on different methods sionary meetings sufficiently often. and grades of work should meet sep- arately, so that they can deal with Some missionary leaders take it for real problems. granted that freight cars will always be freight cars, and that the only way 7. It follows that leaders of the to keep them moving is to multiply methods courses should be those havmissionary addresses, to cover the ing had successful experience with thecountry with touring speakers who types of work they present. will draw and stir the communities they touch. S. There should be specific sug- gestions for the self-maintenance of Without doubt much good may be interest by rea din g, enthusiasm, done by this method, but the policy prayer, and effort. seems defective. Would it not be better to adopt the aim of manufacturing 9. The whole atmosphere of the inmore locomotives instead of merely stitute should suggest, not temporary imparting to freight cars a momentum stimulus, but enlistment in expanding which is only temporary. We need service. missionary spellbinders, but we also 10. It should be made clear that God intends His grace, not to terminate in us, but to influence others tbrough Us.

need people who can help people to WIDENING HORIZONS help themselves and others. By KATHARINE V. SILVERTHORN 1. The missionary institute should measure its usefulness, not by the All too many regard missions 1S a number of persons who attend and the narrow and circumscribed subject enthusiasm they express, but by what whereas in reality it carries us far 455

afield in imagination, in new knowl- and Comparative Religion in Drew Theedge and in fresh interests and under- ological Seminary; author of "Our standings of peoples and countries. Asiatic Christ." A most discriminating and sympathetic view of the Indian Na- Mission study should therefore be tionals and of the present serious India ever lifting and widening our horizons problems. for us, giving us new insights and far vision of God's workings today among A Cloud of Witnesses, by Elsie Singmen and women, youth and children. master, is made up of biographical Such study gives us a new awareness sketches of women of India and other of the problems being created in Amer- lands. These women have been developed ica and around the world by the chang- under Christian leadership and have now ing times in which we live. It develops taken their places of leadership in the a new understanding of peoples and development of their own lands. conditions as they are influenced by the changing world currents today; it A Course for Leaders, by T. H. P. presents the need for changing atti- Sailer, Honorary Secretary, Missionary tudes, methods and policies in the face Education Movement. This pamphlet of these new conditions-yet it ever presents two approaches to the study of presents the same message of a suffi- India, one course offering opportunity cient, universal, unique Saviour to for collateral reading, the other limited meet the needs of this day as He has to "India Looks to Her Future." met the needs of every day and every age. An Indian Approach to India, by a group of nationals. A book of great FOREIGN MISSIONS-INDIA value to leaders and students, giving clear expression to what Christian In- The mission study themes for 1930- dians are thinking. 1931 exemplify the foregoing statement. They take us to India to see Building with India, by' Daniel Johnson there the changes and problems that a Fleming, author of "Marks of a World strong nationalistic urge and the ever- Christian." Although originally pubgrowing desire for self-determination lished in 1922, this volume still remains are creating-for the Indian, for the one of the finest supplemental books to British Government, for the mission- use in connection with this year's studies. aries and for our Boards. For Young People and Seniors: Dr. Oscar MacMillan Buck, who has written the more advanced book for India on the March, by Alden H. adults, "India Looks to Her Future," Clark, missionary in India. A new and loves and lqlows his India, having been thoroughly revised edition of a very popborn there of missionary parents and ular book. having visited India some years ago and again recently. Do You Like Our Country? A course on India for leaders, by Ruth Isabel Sea- Our foreign mission texts, with two bury, author of "Our Japanese Friends." exceptions, are being published by the Based primarily upon "India on the Missionary E d u cat ion Movement. March." These two are "A Cloud of Witnesses," by Elsie Singmaster, and a junior Freedom, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher, book, "The Treasure Hunt," by Mar- missionary in India; author of "Through garet R. Seebach, published by the the Moon Gate." A delightful reading Central Committee on the United book giving the story of two young stu- Study of Foreign Missions. dents, a brother and sister, belonging to a high-caste Hindu family in Benita!. For convenience the materials are listed in age-group categories. For Intermediates: For Adult,s and Young People: The Star of India, by Isabel Brown Rose, missionary in India; author of India Looks to Her Future, by Oscar "Red Blossoms." A reading book of MacMillan Buck, Professor of Missions stories of old India and new.

Out of Yesterday into Tomorrow, a course on India for leaders, by Mary Jenness, intermediate specialist, author of "Meet Your United States." Based on "The Star of India" as the reading book for the group, but the course is not limited to this book.

Going East, by Lilian E. Cox. An in- teresting book of fiction giving the ad- ventures of Richard Thompson when he sets out to make his fortune in India. Very accurate and valuable in its de- scription.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

For Juniors: political and national concern these days. The Church will have an oppor- The Treasure Hunt, by Margaret R. tunity this year to study this situation Seebach, is an unusual story of how a from the angle of Christian citizenship group of boys and girls went hunting for as well as from the responsibilities of treasure – not for gold but for good missionary relationships. friends. These they found in many lands. The Evangelical Conference held in The Golden Sparrow, by Irene Mason Havana, Cuba, in June, 1929, has pro- Harper, of Moga, India. Contains stories vided a fresh survey of conditions, about a group' of boys whose families needs and problems with much new represent the more progressive group in material for our information. That India. Conference promises to be as signifi- cant for missions in the Caribbean The Wtmderland of India, by Helen lVI. area as the Jerusalem .conference was Rockey and Harold B. Hunting. Not a for world missions. new book but one of real value. Contains many stories of Indian life and mission- There is no one who knows the sitary work in India. uation in Latin American countries as does Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, who has Picture Map of India, decorated with written the text for adults, "Trailing outline sketches to be cut out, colored and the Conquistadores," nor one who is pasted. more understanding and sympathetic.

For Primary Children: The home mission books are pub- lished jointly by the Council of Women Bhaskar and H&J Friends, by Clara G. for Home Missions and the Missionary Labaree, missionary in India. Contains Education Movement. stories and material for the children, and background material with suggestions For Adults and Young People: for use of the teacher. ' Book of an Indian Baby, by Mary Trailing the Conquistadores, by Sam- Entwistle, author of "The Call Drum." uel Guy Inman, Secretary, Committee on An attractive little volume of stories Cooperation in Latin America; author of about Indian babies. "Problems in Pan-Americanism" and On the Road, by Mary Entwistle. A many other books on Latin America. No charming story of adventures in India by other recent short book gives to the some very interesting children. North American reader such a compre- Two Picture Sheets, "Boys and Girls hensive view of the religious, social and in India" and "Everyday India." political forces of these islands as does this illuminating study. For Beginners: Our Caribbean Neighbors, a course for The Three Camels, a story of India by leaders by George W. Hinman, Secretary, Winifred E. Barnard. One of the pop- American Missionary Association. A ular Nursery Series. A little book with pamphlet with two sets of suggestions; a colored picture opposite each page of one set more advanced treated by topics, text. the other geographic. Based upon Dr. Inman's book, "Trailing the Conquista- Both the home and foreign mission dores." themes are now front page news. While the themes are usually chosen For You'ng People and Seniors: two years in advance of the publication of the texts, it is very interesting to Between the Americas, by Jay S. Stofollow the emergence of contributing well, author of "Makers of a New World." courses which have brought the coun- A short, popular reading book which detries to be studied into prominence as scribes the life of the peoples of Cuba, the new texts have been presented for Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Porto study. The tense situation in India Rico. and Ghandi's stand against the British Government have brought India into A Course for Lwders, by Garfield the limelight. Evans, missionary in Cuba. Based pri- marily upon Mr. Stowell's book, "Between HOME MISSIONs–CARmBEAN ISLANDS the Americas."

Our home mission theme, "The For Intermediates: Caribbean Islands," is no less prominent. The relation of the United West Indian TreaBures, a readin~ book States to Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti and by Winifred Hulbert, author of • Cease Santo Domingo are matters of great

Firing and Other Stories." Miss Hul- of the Caribbean Islands should be bert made a special journey through the vastly forwarded.* Caribbean Islands to prepare herself for the writing of this book. Planned for UPHOLDING THE PROHIBITION general reading and attractively illustrated. LAW A Manual for Leaders of Intermediate By BERTHA GRIMMELL JUDD Groups Using West Indian Treasures, by Winifred Hulbert, based on her own book. President, Council of Women for Home Aims to cultivate a deeper understanding Missions of the religious heritage we have as Christians and to develop experience in Wednesday, March 12, was Womsharing with our West Indian neighbors. an's Day at the hearings on the Eight- eenth Amendment conducted by the For Juniors: Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives at Washington_ From Sugar Is Sweet, by Dorothy McConnell, many parts of the country representaauthor of "Uncle Sam's Family," and tives of well-known women's organiza- Margaret Forsythe, supervisor Qf field tions cooperating in the Woman's work, Department of Religious Educa- National Committee for Law Enforcetion, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- ment had rallied at the call of their versity. Built around such modern prob- beloved leader, Mrs. Henry W. Pealems as Christian duty towards a gov- body, to testify to the benefits resulterned people. ing from the enactment of the Eight- eenth Amendment and to plead for the Porto Rican Neighbors, an illustrated observance and enforcement of the story book by Charles W. St. John, prohibition laws. formerly Professor in the University of Porto Rico, and now Professor of Psy- In arranging for the hearing Mrs. chology in the New Jersey Law School. Peabody was ably assisted by Mrs. A collection of stories about the various Ellis Yost of the Woman's Christian types of children in Porto Rico, with an Temperance Union and by Miss Hilda introduction giving a brief history of L. Olson, Treasurer of the committee. Porto Rico and its relations to the United At a preliminary meeting on Tuesday States. thirty delegates presented a statement to be read at the hearing, either on be- A Picture Map of the Caribbean half of her organization or purely Islands. from her own personal conviction.

For Primary Children: Among those who were present to testify for organizations may be men- Children of Sea and Sun, by Mabel tioned: Garrett Wagner, author of the leader's . Mrs. John F. Sippel, General Federamaterial in "Kin Chan and the Crab," tIon of Women's Clubs. with story contributions by Dorothy Mc- Connell, Winifred Hulbert and Mrs. Effie Mrs. George H. Prior, International C. Naylor. Order of King's Daughters.

A Picture Sheet on the Caribbean Mrs. William Tilton, Congress of Par- Islands. ent-Teacher Organizations.

With such timely, admirable and in- Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. teresting texts available, this should be a banner year in mission study Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Council of Women throughout our evangelical churches. for Home Missions. There should be many groups of men, women, young people and children Mrs. Jessie Nicholson, National Womstudying, reading, informing them- an's Democratic Law Enforcement selves of the problems and situations League. confronting the young churches in these countries, and facing the mis- Mrs. Clarence M. Busch, National sionary enterprise and the churches of League of American Pen Women. the United States. The responsibilities and opportunities of the churches Mrs. H. M. Kendrick, National Counin the United States for the extension cil of Federated Church Women. of the work in these fields should make a new and large appeal, and as an out- • 1'he July REVIEW will be a spf'cial issue come of the year's study, the Christian (levoted to Home Misl3ioIlS and will contain life of the United States, of India and extended reviews of a number of the books.

Mrs. A. H, Lippincott, New Jersey every State shall be bound thereby, Republican Committee. anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwith- Mrs. C. D. Eulette, Woman's Law En- standing." forcement Committee of Illinois. 2. We believe that prohibition of opium, alcohol and other habit-making drugs Mrs. Bertha K. Landes spoke from is a necessary protection in this ma- chine age. her experience as former mayor of 3. We believe the Eighteenth Amend- ment to the Constitution, voted by Seattle; Miss Bertha Rembaugh as a forty-six out of forty-eight states in the way prescribed, with a greater lawyer; Mrs. F. C. Porter and Mrs. majority than any other amendment, is binding on all States. Lewis J. Johnson as competent wit- 4. We believe in the Volstead Act, which nesses from the college campus. has met the test of the Supreme Court, and limits alcoholic content to Prominent women who could not at- one-half of 1 per cent. No other standard would be safe for children tend responded with messages. Among and those not inoculated with alcohol.

them were the following, presented by 5. We believe that under the existing act, the buyer is equally guilty with Mrs. Peabody at the hearing: the seller in illicit transactions in liquor. I stand for the law that has proved a blessing for one station in life and would 6. We believe the economic gain resultbe an equal blessing to those enjoying ing from the use of billions of dollars greater privileges in this world if they formerly spent in saloons, speakeasies would give the law a fair chance.-Mrs. and liquor for private use now used Thomas A. Edison. for better homes, clothing, food, washing and sweeping machines, au- I am heartily in favor of the Eight- tomobiles, radio, life insurance and eenth Amendment without modification. bank deposits justifies the law. It is a law of the United States and should be observed by all of us. In my 7. We believe the moral issue makes opinion it has been of untold benefit to this law obligatory for the individual the women as well as men of our country citizen and the duty of every church in improved living conditions and a more member, and that every church prosperous nation.-Mrs. Henry Ford. should teach respect for this law through its priests and ministers. I give my testimony that in my own considerable circle of acquaintances and 8. We believe in personal liberty for friends, with two exceptions, I have women who have endured personal found no man, woman or child who slavery through drunken husbands, drinks, brews, smuggles, purchases, sells and we recommend Paul's interpretaor distributes any form of alcoholic liq- tion of liberty to certain eminent eduor. These enormous dry circles, stretch- ucators and legislators. ing from ocean to ocean, appear to me to represent the climax of normal civil- 9. We believe in law observance for the ized growth. Those who still crave al- protection of life, property, homes cohol must acquire self-discipline before and human rights. Education in law they attain the civilized standard. There- observance, necessary and important, fore, for them prohibition is necessary.- should be supplemented by discipline, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt. the only education for the lawless and criminal found largely among the The great State of Ohio is squarely upper classes and in the underworld. for prohibition and law enforcement. It will support and honor with high office 10. We believe since "law breakers must only those who are willing to do their not be lawmakers," lawmaking and duty in these important matters.-Mrs. enforcement departments of our gov- A. Vic Donahey. ernment should demand that mem- bers, sworn to protect and defend the Before adjournment on Tuesday the Constitution, eIther cease attacks on the Constitution leading to contempt following fourteen points, "We be- for law, or relinquish their office. And since the first duty of the govlieves," as Mrs. Peabody termed them, ernment is to protect the people from violators of the law, we call for imwere adopted for joint declaration at mediate and adequate action, what- ever the cost. the hearing: 11. We believe, according to the Consti- 1. We believe in the government of the tution, Article VI, that courts of jus- United States, based on the Consti- tice should be relieved of prejudiced tution, the supreme law of the land, according to Article VI of the Constitution: "This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof …… shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in

judges, often responsible for the fail- and Cellar, of New York City, both ure of justice and the breaking down of law, through protecting the crim- known as determined "wets," who inal rather than the public. called on each and everyone who had testified, prolonging the examination 12. We believe there is no authority or to such an extent that when adjourn- precedent for submitting the Consti- tution, as a whole or in part, to a ment was called after five o'clock sev- national referendum. eral witnesses had not yet been called. 13. We believe that the press, which has been in the past and should be now It was a day memorable for having a moral and civic asset, ought with- seen a convincing demonstration that out regard to the personal opinion of there is a vast number of women who, owner and editor, to give fair repre- aroused by the attacks on the prohibi- sentation of the views of the law- abiding people and the government, tion law, are demanding that it be ob- rather than continue attacks on the served and that only such men be law, which will not be repealed and elected to public office as will see that whose enforcement may be weakened it is enforced. Sincere appreciation by statements leading to crime and disorder. was voted the chairman of the Judi- ciary Committee, Representative Gra- 14. We believe that in view of the dis- ham, of Philadelphia, who though loyal and dangerous attitude of men classified among the opponents of the and women of wealth and influence and the failure of officials,· there prohibition enactment was eminently should be 'law enforcement groups of fair and considerate in his treatment citizens in town, county, state and nation organized to correct propa- of the witnesses. Unbounded admiraganda and safeguard law observance tion for Mrs. Peabody's leadership, through regular channels, and that her indefatigable labors reflected in regular safety groups of nwn and women serve without compensation the perfect preparation of every deand be recognized and approved by tail leading up to the hearing was the government. unanimously voiced by her associates. It was a great piece of work greatly With a poignant sense of responsi- performed. bility and in the spirit of earnest What the immediate outcome will prayer the women took the seats re- be no one can tell: of the ultimate sucserved for them in the committee room cess there can be no question. In the next morning. So great was the in- meantime, the battle is on, and it is a terest in the day's program that there fierce one. It requires the unanimous were not seats available for even half support of every one of the millions of the people who crowded in to hear. women represented by their leaders at When the meeting was called to order the hearing. at ten o'clock, Mrs. Peabody requested Noone has more at stake in this that the witnesses read their state- issue than the woman who contributes ments in "luccession, each being al- of her life and her substance to the lowed from ',me to five minutes, missionary cause at home and abroad. without interruption for cross-exam- By the patient instruction and devoted ination. This met with strong objec- living of missionary teachers has the tion from several members of the prosperity of thousands of homes in committee, but was finally granted. America been established and made The rest of the morning was devoted, secure. In lands across the seas mulafter an introductory statement by titudes hope longingly that the Eight- Mrs. Peabody to the reading of testi- eenth Amendment will stand. Amerimony, telegrams and letters. can women dare not fail. To conserve During the noon recess many per- what has been gained is the task to sons remained in their seats to await which every Christian woman is sum- the period of cross-examination. This moned and to its accomplishment she began at two, and was conducted prin- should bring the full exercise of her cipally by Representatives La Guardia citizenship and her vote.

ORLD-WiDE

AFRICA ciples underlying N. M. P. work: 1. Spiritual men for spiritual work; 2. Suda. School of Agriculture Spiritual methods for spiritual work; 3. Constant communion with the Un- THE J. Kelley Giffen School of seen One; 4. Shoulder to shoulder Agriculture in the Sudan is a development of the Boys' Home in Khar- upon the Rock of Ages 0. e., cooperatum. Its purpose is to combat the idea that an educated person should not tion with redeemed souls); 5. "The work with his hands and to demon- King's Business requireth haste" strate what man can accomplish in co- (hence evangelistic literature only); operation with nature's forces in the 6. "If it die it bringeth forth much plant and animal industry. The five- fruit"; 7. "Evangelize your limitayear course' includes Mathematics, tions."

English, General Science, Animal Husbandry, Soil, Poultry, Dairying, Irri- Abyssinian Empress Dies E gation, Farm Management and Ac- MPRESS ZAUDITU, co-ruler of Abyssinia, and descendant of a counting. A large amount of experimental work'is done as of equal im- line that traced its ancestry to King portance with technical study. Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, died From the first the school has put at Addis Ababa, April 3, at the age of forth every effort to pay its own way, 54. The empire of Abyssinia, or to prevent the boys from being "Ethiopia," includes four kingdoms, estranged from their own people and besides many smaller and formerly in- to emphasize Christian truth. The dependent or semi-independent states.

lessons of science are demonstrated in It has an estimated area of 350,000 the laboratory before the student is square miles, and a population roughly asked to believe. – Women'8 Mission- put at about 10,000,000. Addis Ababa, ary Magazine. the capital, has a population of from 60,000 to 70,000 natives, and a foreign N. M. P. Celebrates Jubilee population of Greeks, Armenians, T HE Nile Mission Press, in Cairo, British Indians and Arabs of several rejoices at the encouraging success thousand. of its Silver Jubilee celebration, March 12. The native pavilion, erected for Magna Charta for Africans the occasion, was well filled by repre- THE United States Senate has rati- senta,tives of 20 to 30 societies, repre- fied an international convention de- senting eleven nationalities, over one signed to secure religious liberty for hundred Egyptians also being present. native Africans under European gov- Many of the messages and speeches ernments. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, referred to the fact that this great who, with others, petitioned the Senate publishing house – whose parish ex- for ratification, says: tends "westward to the Pacific and "This treaty, ratifying the General eastward to the Pacific"-has never in Act of Berlin and the General Act and all its 680 publications lowered the Declaration of Brussels, has been flag of "Loyalty to God's Most Holy called the Magna Charta of religious Word." Mr. Upson, the director, gave liberty in Africa, and is the first and a closing address on the seven prin- only document giving a basis for dip- 461

lornatic understanding between the tistics assembled by Rev. William E. United States and Portugal, with re- Beckett for all churches in the open gard to religious liberty for the na- country and in villages under 2,500 tives of Portuguese colonies in Africa. population (following the definition of It is the third treaty ratified recently "rural" used by the United States by the United States which guarantees Census) show that very significant the welfare of African peoples. The changes are taking place. "From 1922 Slavery Convention and the Liquor to 1928, the total benevolent giving of Traffic Convention were both ratified the rural churches decreased $69,- in the spring of 1929 by the United 850.00, while the total amount paid States, and thus identify our govern- to pastors increased $72,652.00. In ment with international agreements." 1922, the average salary of the rural minister was $948.00. In 1928, it was Missionaries Appointed $1,466.00. In addition, the rural churches have increased the annual W ORK in the Isoko country of the outlay on buildings and improvements Niger was begun eleven years ago and have increased indebtedness by by an African clerk in government $110,000.00, or 160 per cent. This has service, and there are now numbers of been done while the active membership congregations scattered over the area. decreased 8,020, which is 20 per cent; Because of the unhealthy climate sev- and the per capita giving to all causes eral European missionaries sent to increased from $17.97 to $23.56 which Isoko have died and others have had is 31 per cent." Mr. Beckett thinks to leave. But in spite of this the work that increased giving to missions by has grown into a Christian community rural churches must wait for an imof some 20,000. provement in economic conditions.

NORTH AMERICA A Significant Fact Illiteracy Decreasing DR. FRANK L. CHRISTIAN, super- intendent of Elmira Reformatory, THE United States Bureau of Edu- said in a recent address: "Few crim- cation claims a reduction of from inals come from Christian homes. twenty to six per cent illiteracy in the During my twenty-nine years at United States in the fifty years be- Elmira, approximately 30,000· boys tween 1870 and 1920. It quotes Japan have come under my supervision. as having a 99 per cent enrolment of They ranged from sixteen to thirty all children of school age as against years of age. Only four boys were 31 per cent who were attending school college graduates. Of these, three in that country fifty years ago. Even have made absolutely good since leavin Siam a primary education law went ing. There was not more than one into effect in 1923. The mass educa- per cent of high school graduates. Totion movement in China is said to be day, out of the 1,500 inmates there is the most comprehensive plan of de- only one high school graduate." Asked liberately changing a written lan- concerning the religious influences of guage and reducing illiteracy ever those boys before they were sent to undertaken. If it succeeds in making Elmira, Dr. Christian said: "About 300,000,000 Chinese literate, world 55 per cent of them came from homes illiteracy will have been reduced by broken by death, desertion or divorce. something more than one-third. The responsibility for family support fell on the remaining parent, usually Trend of Rural Giving the mother. Dissension, bitterness and the loss of sympathetic under- AGENERAL trend of benevolences standing had destroyed discipline and in rural churches is probably in- made home a good place to get away dicated in the figures recently gath- from. Only two boy scouts were found ered for the Michigan Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Sta-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among the 30,000. Very few had been campaign that fairly exhausted their connected regularly with a Sunday- resources, a sum amounting to conschool; fewer still with anything that siderably over $500 in Chinese money could be called a Christian home."- was contributed for this object. Owing W!ltc1tman-Examiner. to the high rate of exchange this sum amounts to $200 in American money. Hinduism Invades New York American-Japa.nese Christians NEW YORK CITY is to have a Hindu Temple on Riverside Drive, THE largest and most influential orthe first to be erected in this country. ganization among the 70,000 Amer- The temple is to have a roof garden icans of Japanese parentage in the where its devotees may worship the United States is the Young People's rlsmg sun. There is no congrega- Christian Conference, which holds a tional worship, and but one man at a convocation in Berkeley, Cal., each time enters. The founder, educated at autumn. At the last session 456 were Benares, arrived in this country penni- present, perhaps one-fourth of high less, but he is now the editor of an school age. The others were largely Orierital magazine, and has been en- students and graduates of the various couraged by a group of interested fol- colleges of northern California. lowers to found the India Society, and raise funds for the temple. He claims The Christian movement among that the caste system is already being Japanese in California began in 1877. developed in this country. At first, those reached were very few. Gradually, different denominations Chinese Ma.ke Gift to American have established their respective centers and at present seven denom- Church inations have formed churches, 60 in all, with a church membership of T HE congregation of the Church of 5,000. The children in the Sunday- Our Saviour (Episcopalian), Hong- schools number approximately 14,000, kew, Shanghai, has sent a gift of $200 and the value of the property is estitoward the rebuilding of the Church mated at $2,000,000. of Our Saviour, Montpelier, Va. The bond between the two congregations Negro with a. Capital arose from the fact that the Rev. Robert Nelson, of Hanover County, Va., I N ANNOUNCING that in future it one of the earliest missionaries to will capitalize the word Negro, the China, was for many years rector of New York Times says: "Races have the Church of Our Saviour in Shang- their capitalized distinction, as have hai, and his ministry is still held in nationalities, sects and cults, tribes loving memory. Being compelled to and clans. It therefore seems reasonreturn to America he labored in a able that a people who had once a neglected rural section, organizing a proud designation, such as Ethiopians, mission congregation which he named reaching back into the dawn of histhe Church of Our Saviour after his tory, having come up out of the slavery church in Shanghai. When the mem- to which men of English speech subbers of his congregation in China jected them, should now have such heard of his missionary endeavor in recognition as the lifting of the name Virginia, they sent a generous gift from the lower case into the upper toward the erection of a church, which can give them…… It is a little was destroyed by fire early in 1929. thing mechanically to grant, but it is When the Shanghai congregation not a small thing in its implications. heard of the burning of the Virginia Every use of the capital 'N' becomes a church, they at once proceeded to se- tribute to millions who have risen cure subscriptions toward its rebuild- from a low estate into 'the brothering. In spite of the fact that the con- hood of the races.''' gregation had just been through a

WESTERN ASIA them once told me that it would be better to read John Dewey in the Seed Sowing in Persia morning assembly than Isaiah.

PERSIAN converts from Islam are Coft'ee House Evangelism l>roducing Christian literature. One young man, trained to be a Moslem COFFEE house evangelism is a ecclesiastic and who once wrote a fruitful method in Mesopotamia, paper "exposing" Christianity, has according to the Rev. A. G. Edwards, now written another "exposing" his Presbyterian missionary of Hillah, first paper. In Isfahan, where there is Iraq. The coffee house is an ima church of over three hundred con- portant institution in the Arab's life verts from Mohammedanism, these -a loafing place for the idle, debating converts have carried on house-to- club and business center. The mishouse visitation, sold Scriptures and sionary has found that to sit quietly preached. They are not paid employees here and read the Bible is sufficient, of the mission but self-supporting wit- for the Arab has keen curiosity and nesses. soon he asks: A striking figure in this indigenous "0 Father of the Bookbag, what are church is Mansur Sang, called "the you reading? Is it Arabic? Let me Christian Dervish." He travels the see it!" Then a portion of Christian length and breadth of Persia, doing literature goes into circulation, for the anything that falls to his hand for a Arab takes the tract, sits down on anliving, but making the preaching of other bench in the coffee house, and the Gospel his first business. For ex- reads it. Before long, attracted by his ample, he practices dentistry with a interest, others are "list~ning in." In tongs-like forceps. He cannot read or one coffee house, Mr. Edwards gathwrite, but knows much of the New ered an audience of 60 people, who sat Testament by heart. He carries por- through the reading of six chapters tions of Scripture and other literature, of the Gospel, with explanations and which he calls his "seed," and one sees testimony to the power of the Saviour him in the bazaar or outside a mosque frequently interspersed. As a result "sowing." It is probable that many of this method of work, seed has been think him mad, and in this way he sown throughout the whole HiIlah disescapes with his life, but he has been trict, and over 20,000 tracts and books much persecuted.-S. S. Time8. have gone into circulation. Many have learned what Jesus Christ The Youth Problem claimed to be, and what he claimed to do. PRINCIPAL KHALIL TOTAH, of the Friends' school for boys at Turkey'. Rapid Change Ram Allah, Palestine, writes in the American Friend concerning the per- OF ALL areas in Asia the rate of plexity and confusion among students progress in Turkey seems to be in at Beirut, due to the imposition of con- a class by itself. The rapidity with flicting ideas of life and modes of which Mustapha Kemal Pasha has civilization upon their oriental back- swept away age-old customs is amazground. This student body (about ing. At the beginning of 1929 the 1,200) is in process of adjusting itself new Latin script became law, and withto modern conditions. It is desper- in a week it was estimated that not ately attempting to reconcile Islam, less than half a million adults were Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism, with attending schools at which the new Einstein, Edison, jazz, the moving pic- characters were taught. Other changes tures, free love, and bolshevism. They involve the abolition of the study of are constantly comparing the Koran the classical languages, the introducand the Bible with Bernard Shaw, H. tion of the Swiss civil code, the Ger- G. Wells and John Dewey. One of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

man commercial code and the Italian South America'. First Junior Church criminal code, together with the aboli- WHAT is perhaps the first real tion of the clause which stated that junior congregation to be organ- Islam was the religion of the Turkish ized in the Spanish-speaking world has State. The policy of the government been functioning for some time with toward missionary work is that re- great success in Central Church, Monligion cannot be taught in public tevideo, Uruguay. This church has one schools for Turkish children, neither of the best organized Sunday~schools can there be public evangelism. As a in all South America. Every class uses part of his· ambitious program to the graded lessons in Spanish, and a westernize his country, Mustapha few years ago a special annex to the Kemal has ordered 3,000 typewriters, church was built to house this growing equipped with a keyboard containing school. It is called the "Doctor Justo the thirty-one letters and characters of Cubilo" school, in memory of the late the new Turkish Latinized alphabet, Secretary of the Supreme Court of to replace the reed pen. Uruguay, who was its superintendent for many years. A desire to link up LATIN AMERICA the older boys and girls more closely Thirst for the Bible with the church led the pastor, the ABOUT two years ago, in a series of Rev.E. C. Balloch, in collaboration revival meetings held by a native with his assistant, Miss Gilliland, a pastor in a suburban Protestant missionary, to start a morning service church of Rio de Janeiro, four blind immediately following the Sundaymen professed conversion. They had school session. A helpful worship some musical talent and very soon period and appropriate address tend were able to lead a small orchestra and assist in the church music. The con- to make the children feel that the gregation took much interest in them, church wants them and has a place provided a home and secured for them for them. They have the complete such work as the blind may do. The direction of the service, choosing the American Bible Society supplied them hymns, reading the Scripture lesson, with copies of the Gospels of St. Mark receiving and administering the offerand St. John in Portuguese, Braille ings. Only the message is given by the pastor or his assistant.

system, the only books of the Bible in this language for the blind. Soon they Evangelism in Brazil M were eagerly reading the volumes R. F. C. GLASS, of the Evan- gelical Union of South America, daily, and began reading to other blind whom they knew. who has labored more than 35 years One of the brightest in the group near the equator in Brazil, emphasizes asked the pastor if he could not teach the value of direct evangelistic effort.

him English, so that he might be able Under his leadership in 1912, the to read the whole Bible; as he had "Putumayo Expedition" was made t() been told that the Whole Bible in reach the Indians of the upper Amazon English could be had in Braille. He with, so far as known, but one con- began studying English in September, vert, Anton Pessoe, a sailor on a made marvelous pro g res s in six Brazilian steamer on the Amazon. He months, and is now able to read such yielded himself to Christ, and began to portions of books in this system as witness for Him. Mr. Glass kept in have been secured for him. As soon: touch with him, and eventually he was as he got a good start, he began teach- taken on as a native worker. He has ing others of his companions. Now just completed a journey of 5,000 they are all eager to have a copy of the miles, with the Bible, in the heart of entire Bible in English.-Bible Society the country, with Mr. Gillanders, a Record. New Zealand missionary of the E. U.

S

S. A. In such a vast country as Bra~il, case of the friendship dolls from with its population, apart from the Japan, in accordance with which they towns, so scattered, one takes every were sent throughout the country and opportunity to get the Word into the were made the occasion of more than hands of the people, so that in travel- 1,000 receptions in all parts of the ing by train one keeps a supply at land, is to be followed also in the case , hand to drop at the feet of the lonely of these Mexican art exhibits. The 'signalmen, gatemen, etc., as the train Committee on World Friendship slowly passes by: such people cannot Among Children, 289 Fourth Avenue, be reached otherwise. New York, is now arranging such an itinerary, and church groups or com- The largest work is being done by munities which would be interested in the Baptists of the Southern States of having an exhibit may secure it merely the United States of America. and by assuIl1ing the expense of shipping work is also being done by the Amer- it to the next stopping-place. The ican Presbyterians. The Scripture Committee i n v i t e s correspondence Gift Mission supplies many of the from community organizations inter- Bibles.-The Christian. ested in arranging for the exhibits.

Mi••ions and Air Mail EUROPE 1'HE thirtY-second annual Episcopal Mi.sion in Belgium Council of Southern Brazil was held Feb. 22-24, at Porto Alegre. Or- THE REV. KENNEDY ANET dinarily a month would be required writes of the Christian Missionary for the report to reach the Church's Church of Belgium, a Protestant com- headquarters. in the United States, but munity that was founded as far back in this case the report arrived by air as 1837; "Our work of evangelization mail in twelve days, the second flight is very encouraging, and we would like between Porto Alegre and New York. to spread the Gospel much more exten- One session of the Council was dedi- sively among working people by means cated to the memory of Bishop Kin- of literature, tracts and conferences. solving, one of the founders of the Colporteurs constantly meet those who Mission. A committee was appointed hunger for the truth, and often the to plan a definite memorial. churches are too small to hold the peo- ple to whom Protestantism had been "Friendship" Exhibits unknown. We have a dozen churches without ministers. During the last FORTY-NINE cases containing the year and a half, four have been called . art work of pupils in industrial home.-The Christian. schools in Mexico, and also ,of expert workers in lacquer, pottery and similar Iberian Peninsula Protestants objects for which Mexico is celebrated, have arrived in this country, according AT A recent conference of the Protto an announcement made by the Com- estant Churches of Spain and mittee on World Friendship Among Portugal, in Barcelona, one of the Children. The sending of these choice Portuguese speakers called attention exhibits of Mexican art has been to the fact that in his country, nom- shared in by 1,250,000 children of inally Roman Catholic, the most in- Mexico as their response to the great fluential people are classified in three expression of friendship on the part groups, atheists, agnosties and clerics. of the children and young people of Evangelical Christians are in the mi~ the United States in 1928, in sending nority, owing to persecutions during 30,000 friendship school bags, all past centuries and continuing at the carrying goodwill letters, to the Mexi- present time. A similar picture was can children. painted for Spain.

The plan which was followed in the Espana Evangelica gives the follow-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing figures for religious groups in death. Many people are becoming in- Portugal as being reported at the con- sane, and parents are killing their ference: spiritualists, 2,000; con- children, especially girls, rather than fessed Protestants, 3,000; Crypto-Jews deliver them to the Communists. Spir- (Jews outwardly Roman Catholic), itual books are burnt on the spot. A 25,000; indifferent and atheists, 750,- wild orgy ensues."

000; Roman Catholic in full commun- ion, 750,000, and Romano-pagans "All the churches in Moscow are (devotees of superstition), 3,000,000. closed. Priests and preachers have A Plea for Ru..ian Churchel been arrested and shot. A Mennonite preacher has gone mad, and numbers CONGRESSMAN UNDERHILL, of are committing suicide. A Greek Massachusetts, has introduced a Church priest was arrested and resolution asking Congress to record brought to prison. His wife and three itself as deploring the persecution of little children were driven out of tke those in Russia who seek the right to parsonage into the street in 36 degrees religious worship, and to cooperate of cold. In despair she threw her chilwith other nations to persuade the dren into a hole in the ice, and then Soviet Government to stop its cam- threw herself in. Similar things are paign against religious freedom. Con- continually happening." gressman Underhill's letter says: "No one who has not been in close "I went two days to the city to try touch with the official news from Rus- and sell a pair of boots (to enable me sia can appreciate how fierce, despi- to buy bread), but could not sell. cable and terrible has been war on re- Many here are dying from hunger and ligion in that country. I am advised cold. There are others who live well that 1370 churches have been closed by lying; but I am prepared with my during the past year. Of these 1119 family to die honestly rather than were Christian churches, 126 syna- have anything to do with deceit." gogues and 125 mosques. Twenty mil- lion copies of the Godless, a publica- tion created and financed by. the Red Waldensian Church Grows Government, operating under the di- SR. V. ALBERTO COSTABEL, Modrection of the minister of instruction . erator of the Waldensian Church, and backed up by the guns of the writes that the church has gained rathsoviet army, are scattered about the er than lost by the official reconciliaearth. Thousands of anti-religious tion between Italy and the Vatican. The clubs are spreading red propaganda, public speeches of ministers in and out along with unholy and abominable of Parliament, the numerous referfilms displayed in sacred places." ences in newspapers, both friendly and Letters from Russia adverse, has drawn the attention of many who ignored the Church or knew rpHE FRIEND OF MISSIONS, is- her but slightly. There is a feeling of .1 sued by the Russian Missionary So- friendliness and respect toward the ciety, has received many letters from church more extended and widely ex- Soviet Russia, from which the follow- pressed than it has ever been, and the ing are extracts: A Protestant preach- civil and state authorities have shown extreme courtesy' and a desire to deal er writes: "This is the last cry of my soul, and fairly.

I am afraid it will c.ost me my life. The main work of the church shows All preachers are either in prison or marked increase in attendance at serv- banished. During the next days every- ices, while the distribution of Bibles one will be forced to join life in the and devotional books has grown ap- community-or prison, banishment or preciably.

GENERAL medical treatment has brought into Smne Jewish Figures the open large numbers of lepers who THE world population of Jews is formerly concealed their disease. estimated at 15,435,000, of whom 10,121,500 are in Europe, and 4,085,- Physicians are able to diagnose cases 000 in North America. In New York of leprosy which a few years ago might City there are 1,701,260 Jews; in London, 150,000; in Paris, 100,000; not have been recognized as such. Budapest, 169,000, and Vienna, 147,- Effort has been made to advance 000. along two specific lines: to begin work There are 120 Jewish colonies in in districts where no demonstration Palestine, and ,it is reported that there of leper relief had been made; and are Jews in every colony who are read- to coordinate existing work and keep ing the New Testament. superintendents in touch with im- o The Presbyterian Church in America has in its membership 1,500 con- provements in technique. In this latverted Jews, of whom sixty-one are ministers. ter connection, there is a significant c~ange in the psychology of the pa- In the Church of England there are tIents, who come voluntarily in the over 300 clergy of the Jewish race. early stages of the disease seeking the The Church Missions to the Jews treatment which they see has restored recently held its 121st anniversary, when it was stated that "there is news others to health. The increasing presof 40,000 Jews baptized in Hungary ence of these incipient cases, amenable since the war, and tens of thousands in Poland and in America." to treatment in a relatively short peri- The Jewish Lexicon, published in od, and presumably not as infectious Germany, "estimates the number of as advanced cases, has drawn attention Christian Jews who entered existing Christian churches during the nine- more and more to the Out-Patient systeenth century at about :::'24,000." This authority gives the number of 60,000 tem, already in operation under the Jews in Soviet Russia, 40,000 in Po- mis~ion'B auspices at the following land, and 97,000 in Hungary converted to Christianity since the Great War. s!atIons notably: Taiku, Korea; As- It is said that the Red Army con- MSelu~th, ed,E gPy~rpsti;a; Taihoku, Formosatainsonly two per cent of Jews, and Miraj and Vengurla: IndIa; Sntamarat, Siam; as well as at two points in Portuguese East Afri- ca. and at 1?lat, Cameroons, where there are saId to be fifty thousand lepers needing treatment. To numer- ous other centers, initial supplies of "Chaulmoogra Oil has been sent in or- der to begin similar projects.

less than that percentage of Jewesses among woman communists.-AUiance Canon Gairdner of Cairo Weekly. TH~ Archbishop of Canterbury WTltes as follows regarding the pro- Leprosy News posed memorial to Canon Gairdner SINCE 1922, the annual income of who died at Cairo May 22, 1928: ' the American Mission to Lepers "Temple Gairdner was an outstandhas more than doubled, the receipts ing personality in the missionary life for 1929 having been $228,706.29. The of the Church. To his lifelong task of scope of the mission's activity has commending the Christian faith to likewise expanded. It cooperates with Islam he devoted singular gifts of a all Protestant denominations, and bas vigorous mind, a vivid imagination a a connection with 150 centers of leper chivalrous and enthusiastic spirit, ;nd relief in 40 countries. an ardent and joyous faith. In the There has been new light on the creation of an Arabic Christian litera- question, "How many lepers are there ture and in the building up of an in tbe world today?" The prospect of Egyptian community he did a great

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work and left the inspiration of a great tion was the most pressing one. Those ideal. present felt that "principles funda- mental to Christian education" are in- "It is right that some permanent fringed by the present regulations and memorial of him should be placed and their interpretation and declared that some provision made for the carrying voluntary religious education which on of his work in the land which he does not interfere with the liberty of served in Christ's name for twenty- pupils should certainly be allowed. It nine years." was decided to frame a petition to the Government embodying this point of Church Giving in 1929 view in order to secure, if possible, a modification of the rigidly prohibitive T HE United Stewardship Council regulations. reports the sum contributed to various church purposes in Protestant Present government regulations redenominations, with the average per quire that "students shall not be com- HUlmber; : .A: ~otalmembership of 23,- pelled or induced to participate" in 367,360 in the United States and Can- religious exercises and that "no reada gave, in 1929, $514,992,105. Of ligious exercises shall be allowed in this amount $406,069,808 was used for primary schools." The Ministry of congregational expenses; $79,857.761 Education has interpreted this as profor benevolences and included in bud- hibiting even voluntary religious edugets; and in addition, large amounts cation in junior middle schools as well for nondenominational and interde- as in primary schools. nominational activities. The Southern Presbyterian Church holds first rank, High Cost of War giving an average of $9.01 per member, The United Presbyterian Church · HE New York Sun calls attention stands second, with an average of T to the cost of China's civil war in $8.49. The United Church of Canada holds third place, its average being terms of human life. The Province of $6.35; the Reformed Church in Amer- Hupeh is cited as typical. Here staica (Dutch Reformed), fourth, with tistics show the population to have $5.68 per member; and fifth the Pres- been diminished by 4,000,000 in three byterian Church, U. S. A. with $5.26. years. This Province has not suffered from famine or pestilence, and there This is for budget contributions has been no general emigration. In only. In per capita gifts for all pur- 21 of its counties which lie outside the poses the Baptists of Ontario and war zones, there was a normal increase Quebec show the highest average, of 1,000,000 in the population. Four $40.10 per member. Next in order is million lives, at least, have been wiped the Protestant Episcopal Church with out of the remaining forty-seven coun- $39.72; the Northern Presbyterian, ties, through war and brigands. If the with $34.89; Reformed Church in figures could be given for the whole of America with lji34.42; United Pres- China during this period, in addition byterian with $33.81 and Southern to losses by famine and pestilence, PFesbyterian with $31.91. they would be appalling.

CHINA China Child Welfare, Inc.

Religious Liberty Discnned T HE West need only fear a "yellow peril" so long as the economic level AT THE last meeting of the Board of China remains below that of the Occident, in the opinion of John W. . of Education of the General As- Mace, national field director of China sembly of the Church of Christ in Child Welfare, Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, China (the united body formed by the New York. "A weak, undeveloped merger of sixteen denominational China is a far greater menace to the groups) the issue of religious educa-

w6rld than a strong, well ordered, well ISLANDS nourished population would be." Filipinos Make Gift to Religiou. Millions of children are suffering from disease lind hunger as a result Education of ignorance, famine, lack of doctors and apathy to the situation. These RECENTLY at a special recognition millions of children constitute China's service held in the College Chapel most potential resource, and nothing at the Agricultural College, Laguna, promises more for the reconstruction a young Filipino, on behalf of the of China than a well-devised program church, presented Dr. Ryan with a in behalf of these children, for it is check for eighty pesos ($40) as a spethrough them that the public opinion cialgift for the work of the Philipof the future must be created. pine Council of Religious Education.

Forty Years of the C. L. s. This is a splendid demonstration of Christian stewardship. Under Mr. T HE founders of the Christian Lit- Bousman's leadership, these young erature Society in the year 1887 men not only are studying Bible and realized that sooner or later there would be a renaissance in China, that leadership training books but they are it was impossible permanently to exclude new types of thought, and there- also learning to put their teachings fore they decided that Christians into practice. They have adopted two should be prepared with literature benevolent enterprises. One is the suitable for such an eventuality. work of the Philippine Council of Re- ligious Education, and the other is a The Society's program from the be- special missionary project in China. ginning included literature for women Thus they combine both home and forand children, but its books and maga- eign work in their giving.-Philippine zines were chiefly intended for the Presbyterian. literati, of whom 44,036 were selected as the pupils of the new movement. United Church of Manila The problem was to produce sufficient variety, and to reach the literati with I N MARCH, the corner stone of the the material. To this end Mission United Church of Manila was laid. Boards cooperated, with the resultant This church, which has in its memberincrease in production, and a perma- ship some of the most influential busnent home for the Society. While the iness and professional men of the city, fundamental aim remains unchanged, is under the capable ministry of Rev. the constituency has been widened to Enrique C. Sobrepeiia, moderator of cover all classes, including mothers and the general assembly of the Evangelichildren; merchants, laborers, and cal United Church of the Philippines. farmers. At the dedication, those present unit- edly recited the lines naming this "the The present catalogue contllins 513 United Church, a House of Prayer for titles. An average of thirty new books All Nations." The imposing building are added each year, and as many are which will rise on broad Calle Azcardropped. In 1907 the volume, "Cen- raga will thus become the center of tury of Missions," was published in activity of the United Evangelical connection with the Morrison celebra- Church in the Philippines, in which tion. The Society began in 1910 to the Congregational, the Presbyterian issue a Year Book, covering the whole and the United Brethren Churches are of the mission work in China. The cooperating.-Tke Christian Century. circulation for the first ten years cannot be ascertained, but figures show Papuan Mi…ion News over 400 million pages issued.-Chinese Christian Student. T HE large number of languages and varieties of dialects in Pa- pua and the South Seas has made mis- sion work difficult," writes Bishop Newton, of New Guinea.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The L. M. S. was first in the field, their sentence before death or insanfollowed by the Methodist and later ity has brought their incarceration to the Anglican Mission, founded in 1891. an end. The French Government, A notable achievement has been the which in the past has been reluctant successful combat with yaws, a loath- to give its consent to any religious some tropical disease of the skin. The order, has at last realized the fact that natives formerly believed that all chil- spiritual forces alone can alter the dren would get yaws, but now in all lives of even the hardest criminals. the villages near the mission station there is hardly a case of it. The im- Madeira provement has been brought about by the injection of neo salvarsan. The HERE is an example of practical Government is doing a great deal in unity, and of the founding of a providing the missions with neo sal- mission by a mission. varsan, and in having traveling medical officers to patrol various districts Thirty-two years ago the Methodist and treat the people. On one occasion Episcopal Church took over an indea man covered from head to foot with pendent mission in the Madeira the sores was given two injections, Islands. Evangelistic services and Sunand recovered with no sign of a wound day-schools were held in Portuguese or a scar on his body. and a Seaman's Rest maintained. Four other stations were opened later, and World'. Grimmest Missionary Task a rest home for African missionaries was provided. In view of declining T HE Salvation Army has undertak- offerings, various plans for discon- en many difficult tasks, but none tinuing this mission have been conmore so than the opening up of work sidered, but the Methodist Episcopal on lie du Diable or the "Devil's Isle," Church, South, which has a vigorous the French penal colony to which po- work in Brazil, was drawn toward, litical prisoners and desperate crim- Madeira. A Brazilian layman made inals are exiled for life. Devil's Isle it possible for a retired preacher to is no misnomer. The horror of life in spend a year in the islands where his this prison cannot be imagined, and evangelistic message found a warm conditions are terrible beyond descrip- response, and from this came a detion. The new undertaking has been cision of the Brazil Methodists to send called "the grimmest missionary en- a missionary and support him. An terprise in the world." arrangement has therefore been worked out by which Brazil sends a These little islands lie like green trained worker, and the Methodist leaves on the surface of the tropical Episcopal Board in New York agrees seas off the coast of French Guiana. to loan its property for five years free It was here that Captain Dreyfus of rent to the Southern Methodists. spent five years of his life. A more complete isolation it would be impos- Madeira is a beautiful, fertile issible to imagine. No ship other than land, with population of 200,000, and one flying the flag of France may sail constitutional freedom of worship, alnearer to them than a mile and a half, though there is still considerable perand no visitor is ever allowed to set secution in places. foot upon their shores without official authorization. There are few doctors INDIA and no welfare workers for these human beings, who through inhuman "Sati" Not Yet Outlawed treatment have become, in many cases, closely akin to animals. Statistics "SATI," or the burning of widows, have shown that no man has ever re- has not yet been stamped out in turned from Devil's Island sound and healthy; few have ever completed India, in spite of the constant opposi- tion of the British government. The Australian Lutheran states that from the year 1756 to 1829, when "sati" was prohibited in British territory,

no fewer than 70,000 widows had been financial or otherwise, for the work sacrificed on the funeral pyres of their in India, not to advertise India's. own deceased husbands. need, or India's achievements, but in some humble and true way to share In the century which has passed with our parent churches any spiritual since this custom has been outlawed, gift that the Spirit of God may have countless instances of the sacrificing bestowed upon ourselves. of widows have been recorded. "Adoption" in Ceylon A recent instance of "sati" occurred a year ago in November, when a young THE Committee of the Anti-Slavery widow proposed to have herself burned and Aborgines Protection Society with the corpse of her husband and urge the abolishing of the "adoption" proceeded with the arrangements de- system, in vogue for centuries in Ceyspite the protests of the British au- lon. One of the secretaries of the Sothorities. Having bathed in the waters ciety wrote Lord Passfield, Secretary of the holy Ganges she took .her place of State for the Colonies: on the top of the funeral pyre with the body of her husband stretched out be- "In one of the foremost British fore her, his head resting in her lap. Colonies, children of eight to ten years The huge stack of timber was set (and there have been cases of children ablaze, but unable to endure the tor- even ·of five years) are systematically ture, the woman sprang {rom the bought for cash and made to labor, flames and threw. herself into the without, apparently, any legislative Ganges. Urged by the priest, the limit to their hours of labor. The syscrowd threw the corpse into the water tem .leads 'tob:t:utal ill-treatment, and after her and advised her to drown .in many cases torture, for alleged negherself. Fighting an excited, sympa- lect of their work. The object of this thetic crowd, the police rescued her in so-called 'adoption' is not benevolence a boat and laid her under the shade of but exploitation. The Committee feels a tree while the people brought reli- that adoption is a euphemism for a gious offerings. She refused medical system closely akin to slavery; and treatment and for two days refused to ask that steps should be taken to abolbe moved to a hospital. On the third ish the system." day she was forcibly carried to prison, where she died. On the spot where In reply to this appeal, Lord Passshe lay under the tree f{)f two days field wrote: the people have erected a shrine for purposes of worship. The British gov- "Several cases of cruelty and illernment has taken action against those treatment having recently been before p"rsons whom it deems responsible for the Courts, it was decided to take acthe woman's state of mind and her tion to regulate the practice and predeath, and sentenced them to varying vent this abuse, and a bill fer the terms of imprisonment for their part protection of children employed as do- -in the proceedings. mestic servants has been prepared for introduction in the Legislature. This Mission-of-Help to Older Churches bill provides for the registration be- fore a police magistrate of all agree- I N THE National Christian Council ments made between the parents or Review for February the Bishop of guardians of the child and would-be Dornakal has an account of the invi- employers. It requires the employer tation from the British Conference of to provide proper food and medical Missionary Societies to the National attendance, and prohibits overwork, Christian Council of India to send ill-treatment and improper punishthem a mission-of-help, and its ac- ment. It further provides for the suceptance by the N. C. C. In the words pervision of these cases of 'adoption' of Bishop Azariah: "The object of the by a prohibition officer or by the podeputation is not to ask for assistance, lice to ensure compliance with the provisions of the law . . . . . . The Sec-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

retary of State is not aware what prog- laid. When completed, the ~hospital ress has been made with regard to will have accommodations for 1,500 tM legislation referred to, but an in- patients, and will include a college for quiryon the subject is being addressed nurses, a public health department, to the Governor of Ceylon."-The and a clinic for the care of the 12,000 Christian. school children and 130,000 residents in the Kyobashi quartel'· of Tokyo. JAPAN-KOREA Prince and Princess Chichibu and many other dignitaries of church and C. L. S. of Korea state were present at the corner stone ceremony. The Emperor has given THE Christian Literature Society $20,000 toward the Hospital fund. of Seoul, Korea, reports the printing of a new union hymn book as one WODlen Participate in International of its major tasks in 1929. In the absence of music type, each page of A:trairs music had to be drawn by an artist mechanic, after which the page was THE Japan Women's Committee for photographed and plate made. Over International Relations was organ- 300 pages have been thus prepared, ized in March, 1929, after one· year's and the printing progresses. The sta- serious preparation by the Japanese tistics for 1929 show increases over women representing different fields of previous years in nearly every item. activities. The object of the committee is, in a word, to secure a better con- This is a union publication society, nection between various organizations established in 1890. Several missions and individuals in Japan and those in in England, Canada and Australia as other countries in the world. well as America contribute to its funds and .staff. A publishing fund of $20,- Sowing the Seed 000 is sought for 1930, and $2,500 more for Korean editors and writers. BROADCASTING Christian ideas in Part of the income comes from annual Japan is being done by many memberships at two yen (a dollar), agencies outside the churches. Chrisand life memberships at 20 yen.- topher Noss, missionary at Waka- Record of Christian Work. matsu, tells in The OuUook of Missions of a presentation of "The Other Wise Vice on the Defensive Man," under a Government Bureau which concluded with the words: "In- I N SHINSHU, one of the central re- asmuch as ye did it unto one of these gions of Japan, a motor truck was my brethren, even these least, ye did needed to carry to the provincial of- it unto me." fices the 60,000 signatures in 60 volumes petitioning the legislature to An interpretative film of "Ben Hur" abolish the licensed vice system. One was adequate and reverent, and in by one the prefectures are voting to parts much like a sermon. Christian cancel all licenses at expiration. There hymns also had a place on this proare more women involved in this form gram. of slavery than the number of girls in high schools and colleges of Japan.- Again, in a shop demonstrating Christian Century. Victor records was heard a chorus of an Oratorio Society of Fukushima, St. Luke's International Hospita.1 with a translation something like this: "Precious! My Lord was born as a T HE new St. Luke's Hospital in man, and as on the cross He suffered Tokyo is a Japanese-American en- for the world, His holy body was terprise under the supervision of the drenched in His blood. Oh, my Lord! Protestant Episcopal Church, and is In the day of judgment save [us]!" one of the very few medical missionary institutions in Japan. March 26, In the greatest Japanese dailies, too, the corner stone for the first unit was a "religious column" is becoming a regular feature.

m:tI!l!!ImOOKS WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Religion in Soviet Russia. By William since he laid down his life, and his Chauncey Emhardt. 386 pp. $4. name is on the list of the heroes and Morehouse Pub. Co., Milwaukee. 1930. saints. Mr. Paton's book merits wide reading. The widespread interest in the antireligious policy of the Soviet Govern- China, the Land and the People. By L. H. ment makes this volume of special Dudley Buxton. 333 pp. $4. Oxford timeliness and importance. It is a University Press. New York. 1930. remarkably thorough and comprehensive account of religious conditions in In this handsome volume, the author Russia from the Revolution to 1929. has given the results of his studies in It is indispensable to one who wishes China on an Albert Kahn Fellowship. to understand the problems and It is a thesaurus of information rechanges and. persecutions and trag- garding the land and people, natural edies through which the churches in history, topography, agriculture, in- Russia are passing. The author, as dustries, commerce, trade routes, and Secretary of Ecclesiastical Relations of climate. Sixteen fine illustrations and the National Council of the Protestant 30 maps and text figures add to the Episcopal Church, has made a special attractiveness of the book, and a and prolonged study of his subject. copious index makes its rich store of He writes without heat or prejudice, material readily available for refertaking into due account the character ence. It is odd that anyone can puband policies of the former established lish a book about China in these days Church, but presenting indisputable without reference to the Revolution, and officially documented facts regard- civil war, political and social condiing the ruthless efforts of the Soviet tions, or Christian missions. These authorities to destroy the Church and live questions apparently lay outside the pathetic and yet sublime steadfast- the scope of his purpose; but on the ness of devoted clergy and people who subjects that he does treat the work is have refused to forsake Christ. An valuable. Introduction by Professor Clarence A. Manning, head of the Slavic Division A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on of Columbia University, and an essay the Book of Daniel. By James A. Monton "The Living Church," by Professor gomery. 488 pp. $4.50. Scribners. Sergius Troitsky, of Kier, add to the New York. 1930. interest and value of this notable volume. Those who know the high standing of "The International Critical Com- Patteson of Melanesia. By Frank H. L. mentary on the Bible" need no other Paton. 209 pp. $1.40. Macmillan. commendation of this book tlian the New York. 1930. statement that it is one of the volumes in that series, and that the author is This is a retelling of a story that the eminent Professor Montgomery of has often been told but that may well the University of Pennsylvania and be brought anew to a generation the Philadelphia Divinity School. which, as the author justly observes, Many of the numerous footnotes deal sorely needs the spiritual uplift and with technical questions of translation, inspiration which the life of this rare grammatical construction and variant soul never fails to bring to those who readings that are rather technical for read it. A half century has passed the average reader, but they are in- 474 valuable to a scholar, and the average famous Keswick Conference, there is reader will find the main body of the the constant searching of heart lest book so clear and helpful that he can any form of sin or unworthy motive get along without the footnotes. might interrupt the flow of divine power. There is abundant evidence A bibliography lists 337 books and that his faith and consecration were articles upon Daniel and the questions rewarded. The reader will experience involved in it, a fact which signifi- a new kindling of spiritual fires as he cantly indicates the attention that the traces the steps through which God book has received and the discussions took the modest gifts of this devoted that have centered upon it. Professor servant to bring pentecostal blessing Montgomery says that he has "marked to all the continents of the globe. with an asterisk those that are not directly known" to him. We counted HUGH R. MONRO. 37 asterisks, and we therefore infer that he has read or consulted the re- The Autobiography of God. By Ernest maining 300. The footnotes show that R. Trattner. 312 pp. $2.50. Scribhe knows the Latin and German works ners. New York. 1930. as well as the English, and he has a thorough mastery of Greek and He- The author is so confident that he brew. This reviewer stands abashed knows the mind of God and that He before such erudition, but it is reas- would repudiate current evangelical suring to know that the commentator ideas, that he portrays the Almighty possesses all the knowledge there is on as objecting, in the first person, and the subject. sometimes contemptuously, to evan- gelical beliefs regarding the Bible, Charles Inwood. By his Son-in-law, Christ, and related doctrinal teach- Archibald M. Hay. 226 pages. 6s. ings of the churches. When a man Marshall Brothers, London. represents God as characterizing the most sacred truth of religion as "the The author of this volume modestly ghastliness of this appalling doctrine" acknowledges that he is lacking in the (p. 231), "the butcherous idea of qualifications of a skilled writer. But blood – atonement" (p. 235), (a n d he has the compensating advantage of other statements of like tenor might . an intimate knowledge of his subject be cited) one is reminded of the iland access to personal journals and liberal dogmatism of some who blandan unusual wealth of biographical ly profess to be liberal. To use such material. While Charles Inwood is language as one's own is bad enough; not to be numbered among the great- to put it into the mouth of God passes est preachers of our time, he is re- all bounds. vealed as a great Christian and Christian worker. It would be well F. B. Meyer. By A. Chester Mann. 221 pp. if we had more of such tributes to $2. Revell. 1929. sterling character rather than to genius. It is obviously too early to expect an adequate biography of this beloved Charles Inwood was a representa- preacher, the influence of whose mintive of that type of discipleship, all istry extends around the globe. But too rare, which clearly sees the need when this maturer work is underof giving the Spirit of God supreme taken, extensive use will surely be place in Christian life and service, made of the material presented in this and in this he was willing to go all volume. One reads it with deepening the way. At each step in his minis- interest and yet, at many points, is try, he made a new covenant with God left with an unsatisfied hunger for and took higher spiritual ground. In more details. There is a wealth of his early ministry in Ireland, his later instruction for Christian ministers world-wide service in the mission and other Christian workers in the field, and his prominent part in the life of this great preacher. At the

very beginning, he was counseled by The author says that this book has for the Rev. Charles Birrell of Liverpool its sole aim to make a straight path to avoid topical preaching and to de- through these tangled chapters; to vote himself to the exposition of trace the development of the prophet's Scripture. This became the distin- character and message from the be- guishing characteristic of his remark- ginning of his life to its end; and to able ministry. Another significant show that "a braver, gentler and more fact was the activity of Dr. Meyer in exquisite or more courageous soul has social and philanthropic movements. not often walked the earth." He gives While revered for the humility and a chronological rearrangement of the saintliness of his life, he nevertheless entire material, a brief commentary took a militant part in more than one on the text, and an interpretation of public movement when he felt that the spiritual experience of the prophet moral principles were at stake. Thus, throughout his career.

while in his character and teaching This volume will be to many readers he reminds us of Andrew Murray, in a rediscovery of an inspired writer his humanitarian and crusading spirit whose message is of permanent and he recalls Lord Shaftesbury. As for inestimable value, and they will concur his sixty years of indefatigable labor in the author's belief that "there is no as preacher, writer, and teacher, the nobler, m-ore militant or morally more only adequate comparison must be splendid character to be found in the John Wesley. HUGH R. MONRO. whole range of Scripture, . . . . . . one of the great, outstanding personalities of Jeremiah the Prophet. By Raymond the Bible, a God-controlled, a God-in- Calkins. 382 pp. Macmillan. New spired man who more nearly approxi- York. $2.50. _mated and anticipated the Gospel of Most people deem the book of Jere- Christ than any .other. teacher in the miah hard reading. They highly prize old dispensation." certain passages, but they find large sections perplexing. The result is that Hudson Taylor. The Man Who Believed Jeremiah is one of the most misunder- God. By Marshall Broomhall. 244 pp. stood and neglected parts of the Bible. 28. 6d. China Inland Mission. Toronto.

Dr. Calkins, who is pastor of the First Hudson Taylor is characterized by Congregational church of Cambridge, Professor Latourette, in his "History Mass., and who has made a special of Christian Missions in China," as, study of Jeremiah for many years, be- "judged by the results of his efforts, lieves that this is due partly to a fail- one of the four or five most influential ure to take into due account the social, foreigners who came to China in the moral and political conditioI).s which nineteenth century for any purpose, occasioned the prophet's warnings and religious or secular." In this small exhortations, and partly to the fact volume, a close associate of Mr. Tay- that the book was put in its present lor's vividly interprets his life and form by an editor who did not place character. Enough is given of his re- the prophet's utterances in logical and lation to the China Inland Mission to chronological order, so that, in some show his amazing capacity for inspira- instances, sayings at widely different tion and leadership, but as this has times and in widely different circum- been more fully developed by Dr. and stances during his long ministry ap- Mrs. Howard Taylor in other books, pear in close juxtaposition and some- the essential emphasis here is on the times even in the same chapter. The biographical aspects. Mr. Broomhall result is "it is little short of a tragedy has been wise to let the great mission- that this extraordinary record of the ary's words and actions speak for deepest experience of God to be found themselves, yet where his own con- in the Old Testament should not be tribution is made it is fully sympa- more familiar to the Bible reader." thetic. The result is an almost living

BOOKS WORTH READING

impression of the superb quality of but the argument is so clear and the Taylor's sacrificial devotion to the re- style is so lucid that the chapters are demptive purpose of God. This is a delightfully easy reading. The dis- book that the modern generation of cussions of the deity of Christ, of missionary-minded folk in all churches miracles, and of immortality are par- much need to read and that will be ticularly admirable and convincing.

found very rewarding. He concludes the chapter on the new ERIC M. NORTH. appreciation of Jesus with the declara- tion that morality finds its highest The Significance of Personality. By Rich- dynamic in fellowship with God, and ard M. Vaughn. 302 pp. $2.50. Mac- that a faith which discovers through millan. New Yor. Christ the Christlike God possesses the secret of spiritual vitality, propa- There is today a general attack gative power, and social transformaalong the whole line, not so much up- tion. The volume reveals wide theon any particular doctrine or denom- ological knowledge, keen spiritual ination as upon religion itself. The insight, and a wide Christian experibasic ideas of evangelical faith are ence. being challenged. Of course this is not new. There have been many at- tacks in former centuries, but the Pinnacles of Personality. By Dr. Henry present assault is none the less dis- Clay Risner. 344 pp. $3.50. Putnams. turbing to this generation. Two meth- New York. 1930.

ods of reply are being adopted. One This book gives soul-revealing is a flat unyielding insistence upon glimpses into the thoughts and aspira- the "old theology in its traditional tions of an unusual number of the form; the other is a restatement of its greatest men in Europe and America.

essential ideas in the light of later When the author's work was finished knowledge of the Bible and the dis- with the Army of Occupation on the closures of modern science. Rhine, he traveled in several European The latter is the method of this countries before his return to America. book. by the distinguished professor Later, he returned to Europe and of Christian theology in the Baptist studied the history, culture and post- Newton Theological Seminary. He war conditions in Germany, Austria, believes that, in the confusion which Hungary, Russia and England. In domarks the intellectual and social ing so, he made a host of friends. It changes of the present day, personal- is through his eyes that we see his. ity is the clue which gives the most friends, of whom he had an astonishpromise of leading out of the laby- ing number-little children, humble rinth of problems into light and free- peasants, enlisted soldiers, officers of dom. He therefore seeks to under- high rank, and presidents of newly stand personality in its historical formed repUblics.

relationships and iIiward meaning and As an ambassador of good will, Dr.

to employ it as a principle of interpre- Risner was a success.' As a writer he tation in the wide range of our intel- has produced one of the most human lectual and practical interests. He and interesting books that have ap- declares that this method best meets peared this season. The reader lives the demand of philosophy for a com- with him on the Rhine, in London, plete synthesis of the facts of life, of Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Rome and Pet- religion for a universe friendly to its rograd. Lady Astor, President Seitz, values, and of ethics for power and President·Von Hindenburg, Admiral guidance in the presence of the tasks Horthy, Herbert Hoover, and many of the modern world. others come into the picture. The af- The book is a remarkably able con- termath 6f the World War is described tribution to the literature of religious' in such a way that there is not a trace thinking. The subjects are weighty, of war tirne hatred to mar the beauty

of the book. There are wit and humor own message, and multitudes for whom besides quotations from the classics religion seems not to be a living issue.

and instructive bits of history. For him no milder word than "crisis"

Such a book could only be produced will describe the present condition.

from a well stored mind. It is a help- Yet the book breathes a vibrant ful contribution to the literature of faith and is a stirring summons to world peace and interesting reading restore religion to its rightful place in for all thoughtful people. life. On this issue the future of hu- M. T. SHELFORD. manity is declared to hang. Any ra- Cease Firing! By Winifred Hulbert. Il- tional confidence in life, any genuine lustrated. 12 mo. 127 pp. $1.50. brotherhood, will ultimately disappear, New York. 1929. Dr. Orchard holds, unless there is a "great recovery of religion." No "re- World friendship is based on inter- duced Christianity," such as that national and interracial understanding which gets rid of the Incarnation, is and sympathy and on Christian altru- regarded as a solution. The historic ism-not on armaments, not on social- Catholic faith and a truly united ism, communism or international com- church are both essential. In the compacts. The time to train men and bined genius of the two great branches women in international understanding of Christianity (Protestantism furis in their yolith before they become nishing the more evangelical aspect hardened in selfish egotism. Miss and the social outlook, Catholicism Hulbert, in this little volume, has told emphasizing the apologetic and docnine very appealing stories to show trinal and sacramental side) the world the foolishness and evil results of war, would have the church the author dethe cruelty of industrial oppression; clares it needs. The final and central the need to prevent epidemics and emphasis is on Christian mystical exhints at the solution of similar world perience and a widespread recourse to problems. The stories are thrilling prayer. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT. and instructive and will interest not only boys and girls but older readers. Outfitting the Teacher of Religion. By We need more such stories well told James H. Snowden. 274 pp. $2. Macand with a high purpose. The plots millan. New York. are laid in Central Europe, Persia, Japan, America, South America and This is a popular introduction for elsewhere. They will especially ap- the untrained person who in so many communities is called upon to teach in peal to boys. the church school. It is inspirational, easy to read, and contains much com- The Present Crisis in Religion. By W. E. mon sense. Neither the psychology Orchard. 281 pp. $2.50. Harpers. nor methods represent the most recent 1929. standpoint. They may perhaps for Dr. Orchard is one of the most pic- this reason be mqre readily assim- turesque and debated figures in Eng- ilated by those who have known only lish religious life. Minister of a the older practice. The author refers Congregational Church in London and to a pupil-centered curriculum, but distinctly evangelical in his preaching, lays more stress on material to be im- he is an ardent advocate of restoring parted. There is very little about ritualism in the "free" churches. He adaptation to different ages and was a pacifist throughout the World grades. This is not a handbook for War and is an uncompromising in- one who wishes to master the most re- terpreter of the social meaning of the cent educational thoory and practice.

Gospel. In this latest volume, he uses It is a readable general introduction all his power of keen analysis to por- for the beginner who might be only tray what he believes to be the pres- confused by anything more radical. It ent state of religion-ehurches losing will do its best work if it stimulates to their hold, unable to agree on their further reading. T. H. P. SAILER.

BOOKS

The Atonement and the Social Process. Christianity Through Dean Shailer Mathews. 212 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1930. Jewish Eyes The Bible Through the Centuries. Herbert The Hebrew-Christian Publication So- L. Willett. $3. Willet, Clark & Colby. ciety, Inc., now in its 16th year of opera- Chicago. 1930. tion, will send, upon the receipt of 2;c. the following tracts: (learned men, both Jew- Between the Americas. Jay S. Stowell. ish and Gentile, call these pamphlets 175 pp. 60 cents. Friendship Press. uclassics") : New York. 1930. Without Him We Can Do Nothing; Hebrew and The Commonwealth-Its Foundations and Christian; Jesus, The Light of the World; The Pillars. Charles Henry Brent. 178 pp. Higher Critics' Hebrew; Why I Am a Christian; $2. Appleton. New York. 1930. Gethsemane in Our Lives; Must Otristians Keep the Jewish Sabbath; What the Rabbis Have to China, the Land and the People. L. H. Say on the S3d of Isaiah; The Messiah According Dudley Buxton. 333 pp. $4. Oxford to the Old and New Testaments; Sacrifices. Their University Press. New York. 1930. Origin and Significance: Jesus and His Kinsmen; The Sure Word of Prop-hecy; Saul, the Pharisee, A Critical and Exegetioal Commentary on and Paul, the Christian; Love Begets Love: The the Book of Daniel. 488 pp. $4.50. Mission of Israel; Some Eminent Jewish Con· Scribners. New York. 1930. verts, (Illustrated with 26 photos.) An Emerging Christian Faith. Justin W. Answering the Question, uHave any of the lead- Nixon. $2.50. Harper's. New York. ers believed in Him"? 1930. 18 tracts containing 624 pages of He- Freedom. Welthy Honsinger Fisher. 109 brew Christian reading matter. Send 25c. pp. 85 cents. Friendship Press. New to cover postage. Write at once, before York. 1930. they are exhausted. Address India on the March. Alden H. Clark. HEBREW CHRISTIAN 194 pp. $1. M. E. M. New York. PUBLICATION SOCIETY 1930. 644 W. 207th St., Dept. J, New York, N. Y. The Mormon Way. Claton S. Rice. 87 pp. 55 cents. Pilgrim Press. Chicago. 1930.

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems.

By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Sec. Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, Cor. Sec. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas.

Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, c/o the Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. let D" I" Moody Preach lor You in Spanish Missionaries Are Calling for Thousands of His Remarkable Book, "The Way to God," with which to Carry the Gospel to the Unevangelized of Latin America and Spain A worker in Argentina, in appealing for a large quantity of The Way to God by Moody, says, "I believe it to be the best book to bring about conversions. There is great eagerness everywhere to read the literature we put out."

A missionary in Chile writes: "The Way to God has been a great help in our work. I have known of two conversions through the reading of this book. A native pastor told me that nothing outside of the Bible had helped him as The Way to God."

A convert in Mexico "The Way to God" has been sPi"ituol meat and drink to these belietleTs, who says: "From The Wav to receitled their first knowledge of the Gospel through the printed God I found the salvation page. Their"church" building form. .he background. of my soul."

"The Way to God has been such a blessing to me and my family that it could not be bought with all the treasures in the world," writes another Mexican.

From Guatemala word comes: "We received news of a number of conversions in the northern part of our district through these books."

In the face of so much blessing we are forced to withhold requests for thousands of books, as our Latin American 'Fund is completely exhausted.

Some MoodEJ Books Are Waiting to Be Your Preachers Five dollars will put this effective messenger of Ii fe into twenty-five or more Spanish homes where Christ is not known.

How Mong Will Go lor Yon?

Make remittances to TH.E BIBLE INSTITUTlE COLPORTAGE ASSOCIATION 849 NORTH WELLS'STREET, CHICAGO Please mention THE lIISSIONAR~ REVIEW O)i' THE 'VOKLD in writinJ: to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1930

TO 'l'HE HAVANA

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I DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS January, 1930 Paye FRONTISPIECE-DELEGATES TO THE HAVANA CONGRESS. 5 A. THOUGHT FOR THE NEW YEAR •.•.•…….•……….. NOTABLE EVENTS OF 1929 .•..••……….•…•..•…….. , ……… . (l CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST ………••…•••..•……•……… Robf.wt E. Speer 7 OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF 1929 FROM THE VUHVPOI.'lT Ol.' 'l'f[E l.'TERXJ,TIOYAL .MISSIONARY COUNCIl• . • • • • • • • • . . . • . • . • . . • • • . • • . • • . . • . . . . . . – _ . . . . . . . . . • . . A. L. Warnshuis ~) SIGNIl?ICANT EVENTS DI AMERICAN BO.-1RO MTSSIO:!';S • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • . • . • • • • • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lVaUam R. Strong nnd Ern cst W. Riggs 11 l10VEMEN'fS IN JAPAN AND CHOSE:S •••.•••••.••••••.•…•.•••.••• • John R. Edwards 13 A NEW PLAN IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAl, CHl:RCII HorTH •.••••••••• W. W. Pinson 14 MORAVIAN AlrSSION IN NICAItAGUA Paul • . • • . • • • . • • . . • • . • • 0.00 ••••••••• deSchwei1dtz 15 U. Smith 16 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE S . . " " , E g b e r t lV, 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • • • • REFORMED CHURCH IN 'l'HE Ul'IOITED STATF.S 4Ucn. •••.••••••. 0 ••••••• R. BftJrthoZomew 17 BAPTIST If'OREIGN MISSION SOCIETY .Joseph • • • • • • • • • • • 0 •• 0 •• 000 •••••• , . 0 O. RQ-bbins 18 WOMAN'S B;PTIST FOREIGN MISS[O)l SOCIE'fY 0,' 0 •••••••••••••••• Minll·ie V. Sandbern 20 REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA ••••••..•••. , . , ' , . " . , . 0 • , •• lVilUam Io Oham1)erlain 21 WORI{ OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL ••••••••••••••. 0 •••••••••• • 1VUUam R. King 28 HOME M ISSIONARY -VORK OD' P}R~EXSTHEY~'lR'EHI)U~A N ' YOl ltE N ..•…. 0 •Fl, P•IS• CMOP..K.Ia~. t herine B enne tt 24 HOME M ISSIONS AN D CHU RCH IN TH E M m'fnODIST CHURC H •••• • : . . . . • . . . • . • • . . •• . • • . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jay S. Stowell 25 MISSIONS O~"' THE PRESBYTERIAN CTIL'RCII IN THE D. S. A. Al[(l~G THE MORMONS ..•••. •.•. ••……..•• . •. ….. .'.V.O.~..l.A.N.'.S . …… . , " ., .. , … , .Andrew J. M011tgomery 20 SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FoREIGN 27 CHURCH … _.. _…………….. _… _….. l[rSSIOSARY SOCIETY OF aT.HaE. M. E. Peale _.. _………….. Mr•.

BAPTIST HOllIE MISSION SOCIETY ………. . …… ahar!es L. White 29 THE CHRIST OF TIlE AMERICAN ROAD _… _…. _…………… _ahar/c. L. Goodel! 31 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASIC~ …… Herbert Bo<>th Smith 35 ……….. – – – – _Otis Oary 4~ THE FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL FHO:lr AMERICA PROPOSED UNION IN SOU~'I1 INDIA… . ….. . A,-thul' J. Brow" 43 LIVING BEYOND SPIRITUAl, INCO~[E …………………… . . Danie! J. Fleming 45 DEATH OF ~!RS. A. F. SeJIAUIOFJ,ER …. ___ .. _……… _… _………… _…….. 46 TOPICS OF TIm TIMES ………… . ………………………. – ……… , 48 EDITOR'S VISIT TO ASIA. "'l'HE BEST MISS[ON 8Tl'OY BOOI(S." SCOPE Ol!' MOlHtlRN ~"'OREIGN MISSIONS.

METHODS FOR WORli:J<:mS •……………………… EDIT"D BY MRS. F. 1. JOHXSO," 51 WOMAN'S FORJlJIGN MISSION BULI,E~'IN ……..•…… EDITED BY Fr.ORE"CE G. TYLER 56 WOMAN'S nOME MISSION BULLE'rT~ . . . . . . . . . 0 ••• 0 .EorrED pY Ii"'r.ORENC:Fl E. QeINf,AN 59 WORLD-WIDE OUTI,OOK …….•………………………………………….. 62 BOOKS WORTH READING …………..•.•……….••……………………… 78 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WJtL I~ CHAMBERr.AIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. 'PrERSON, 8ecretQJry Publication omc., 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-cIa•• matter at the Post Of1;ce, Harrisburf', Pa., under Act of Marcb 3. lR79. OBITUARY NEW BOOKS MR. FRANK M. BROCKMAN, for 20 years Western Money and the Chinese Church. Frank Rawlinson. 71 pp. 25c. Presthe senior secretary of the Y. M. C. A. byterian Missionary Press. Shanghai. in Korea died June lOth, at Princeton, 1929.

N. J. His work in Korea was conspic- Burning Beauty. Temple Bailey. $2. uous in his ability to hold the confidence 318 pp. Penn Pub. Co. Philadelphia.' 1929. of both Japanese and Koreans during The Church at Work. Clarence H. Bentense political antagonism. son. 155 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute of Los Angeles. 1929. • .. * The Drama of Christianity. S. L. Morris. THE REV. EDWARD BAXTER RILEY, a 147 pp. Presbyterian Committee of Publication. Richmond. 1929. worker for 27 years of the London Mis- The Lesson Round Table. Sunday-school sionary Society in Papua, died recently lessons for 1930. Edited by Richard D. Dodge. 359 pp. $1.25. Cokesbury in Australia. His book, "Among Papuan Press. Nashville. 1929. Head Hunters," is a valuable study in Making a New China. No Yong Park. folk lore. * .. 308 pp. $2.50. Stratford Press. Bos- ton. 1929. THE REV. FRANKLIN PIERCE LAWYER, Posture and Hygiene of the Feet. Philip Methodist missionary in Mexico for 28 Lewin. 47 pp. 30 cents. Funk & Wagnalls. New York. 1929. years, died at Inglewood, Cal., October The Story of Musa. Mary Entwistle. 84 4th. .. * .. pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. 1929. JAMES CLARENCE OGDEN, of Tibet, died Eugene Stock: A Biographical Study. August 28th, at Hollywood, California. Georgina A. GoIlock. 193 pp. 3s. 6d. Church Missionary Society. London. Mr. Ogden joined the Sheltons in Tibet 1929.

in 1905. **~ Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 pp. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- PERSONALS lombo. 1929.

THE REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, of Kwato, Where East Meets West in China.. Char- New Guinea, arrived in New York in lotte Bacon. 96 pp. 2s. Sd. Marshall, November to spend several months in Morgan and Scott. London. 1929. America. He went to Papua 35 years ago, and was associated with James Chalmers who was killed by cannibals.

* ..

THE REV. JOHN RITCHIE, after 23 years of strenuous missionary service in Lima, Peru, has accepted an appointment in New York on the Committee of Co- operation in Lati..n A•me*rica.

MR. FRANK A. HORNE has been chosen COMING EVENTS to head the new Layman's Advisory Council of the Federal Council of .. . .. Churches of Christ in America.

THE REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., vet- January 8-10-HoME MISSIONS CoUNCIL eran superintendent of the New York AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME City Mission Society, retired at the end of the year, and was succeeded by THE MISSIONS, Atlantic City, N. J. January 11-14-FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S REV. WILLIAM R. JALLIFFE, who was BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Atcalled from an associate pastorate of the lantic City, N. J. . Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, .. New York.. . January 14-17-FOREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE, Atlantic City, N. J.

THE REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., January 14-17-CONFERENCE ON THE a General Secretary of the World's Sun- CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Washday-school Association, is in the Orient in conference with the leaders of Sunday- ington, D. C. school Associations of Japan, Korea, January 19-26-T E NTH ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION OF OHIO CoUNCIL OF China, and the Philippines. CHURCHES, <!olumbus, Ohio. .. * .. February 20-23-CONFERENCE OF MED- ICAL MISSIONARIES, Clifton Springs, THE REV. P. W. PHILPOTT, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Open Door, Los N. Y. Angeles, CaL, has accepted the presi- February 25-27-NATIONAL STUDY CONdency of the Africa Inland Mission, to succeed the late Dr. R. A. Torrey. FERENCE ON THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE, Evanston, III.

March 7-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

LIII, No.1 January

THOUGHTS FOR THE NEW YEAR W E MAY well begin the New Year in the spirit of the 126th Psalm: Thanksgiving for the past-"The Lord hath done great things for us whereof we are glad." There have doubtless been disappointments, failures, perhaps illness or bereavement; but let us think of our blessings. They have been many, far more than we have deserved. "He hath not dealt with us after our sins, nor re- warded us according to our iniquities."

Prayer for the future-"Turn again our captivity, 0 Lord, as the streams in the South," our captivity to sin, to fear, to doubt, to worldliness. Let us pray for deliverance, a fuller consecration, an outpouring of the Spirit of God upon the Church and the world.

Never was it more needed than now.

Assurance for the future-"They that sow in tears shall reap in joy; he that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." Therefore the Christian worker may labor on, even though in pain and tears, but with confident faith that his labor will not be in vain.

So let every faithful follower of Christ face the New Year in the spirit of St. Paul's exhortation to his beloved Philippians: "In nothing be anxious; but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.

And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus."

Freedom from anxiety and the peace of God! What richer blessings can the child of God desire? That every reader of this REVIEW may have them is the New Year's wish of the Editor..

And then let us hear again the Master's call to service: "Fol- low thou me"; "As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you" ; "All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth"; "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations …… And, 10, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." A. J. B.

5

EVENTS OF

T HE closing year was one of money expended on church build- special interest in missionary ings. Meantime, unprecedented work both at home and sums are being poured out on eduabroad. Large and significant cational institutions in America. movements that were already The United States Bureau of Eduunder way received additional im- cation reports increased assets of petus, and some new movements colleges and universities from onedeveloped. In the varied work of third of a billion in 1900 to two and the churches amid the conflicting one-third billions in 1926. The ancurrents of our modern life, it is nual budget of.a single university not surprising that the record in- in New York exceeds by thirty per cludes lights and shadows. cent the budget of the largest Board of Foreign Missions which Disquieting Conditions has under its care six colleges and universities besides 101 middle and At home, there are some dis- high schools, 2,040 primary and quieting conditions. It is true that intermediate schools, an extensive many denominations report in- evangelistic and medical work, and creased memberships, some of part of the cost of maintaining 58 them having received the largest union universities and other instinumber on confession in their his- tutions. tory. The Federal Council Handbook of the Churches reports a Religion in Colleges church membership in the United States of fifty millions and increas- There are also disconcerting reing at the rate of a million a year. ports regarding the religious teach- Church property is worth four ings and spiritual conditions in millions, and the churches con- colleges and universities, and fears tribute annually $200,000,000, half are expressed that the interest of of which is given to benevolences. young people in the activities of Larger and better churches have the churches is not encouraging. been erected, or are in process of In these circumstances, Christian erection, than in any previous men and women are betaking year. More money for new church themselves to special intercession buildings has been raised in the for a fresh outpouring of the Spirit last five years than in the preceding of God. Many of the boards of fifty years. A few boards, too, have home and foreign missions are conreported increased contributions. ducting more carefully planned campaigns than ever before. A Surveys, however, of eleven de- great volume of prayer is being nominations by Charles H. Fahs offered, and faith is strong that the and Charles Stelzle show that con- tide of spiritual life will soon turn tributi'ons in many denominations in a more favorable way. But have been steadily falling off since there never has been a time when the peak year of 1921, and that it was more urgent that the followwhere there has been advance, it ers of Christ should renew their has not been commensurate with own spiritual life and reconsecrate the increase in membership and no- themselves to His service. where near the increase in the 6 Conditions Abroad precipitating difficult problems in Abroad, missionaries in some some fields, particularly in China, fields have seen but little visible is nevertheless a wholesome eviadvance as the result of their la- dence of vitality. Better far a resbors. There have been, as our tive and ambitious church than an Lord' foretold, "wars and rumors of apathetic one. Schools and hoswars ….famines and earthquakes pitals in many fields are crowded. in divers places, tribulation, and Evangelism is receiving greater many false prophets." But the fol- emphasis. Revivals are in proglowers of Christ have been cheered niss in several fields. Opportuniby remembering that our Lord also ties beckon on every hand. We no said: "See that ye be not troubled," longer need to pray, as our foreand that instead of making the fathers did, for the opening of tumult in the world a reason for inaction, He made it a renewed doors to the non-Christian world. challenge to preach "this Gospel They are wide open today, and or the Kingdom in the whole what we need to pray for is that the home churches may be given a world." wider outlook and a clearer under- But in spite of obstacles, on the standing of their duty to give the ·,vhole the year was one of sub- Gospel of Christ to all men.

stantial progress. Large accessions In order that our readers may are reported. The native churches have more detailed information, are taking more active part in the we invited several missionary lead- conduct and maintenance of Chris- ers to indicate the outstanding tian work and institutions. A events of the year from their re- healthier tone is being manifested. spective viewpoints. Their mes- The spirit of independence, while sages follow. A. J. B.

CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST BY DR. ROBERT E. SPEER Committee on Coupera.tion in the Near East ; LL the missionary forces of the looking for ways in which they can support and more fully cooperate f i Near East are correlated with the agencies on the field in the Near East in these regards. now for mutual conference The drawing together of these and for a large measure of common Eastern peoples and the Western action in the Near East Christian peoples as a result of the war, the Council and with them are asso- contacts of the churches, east and ciated the Evangelical churches. west, in the Faith and Order and The Council is reaching out afresh the Life and Work movements and also to the old Eastern Churches the good will won by the wide minseeking to support the living reli- istry of the Near East Relief have gious elements in these churches helped to produce a new situation and to draw all real Christians to- of opportunity for service, an opgether in a new effort to rid Chris- portunity not free from peril and tianity of its age-old reproach to requiring wise counsel in order the Moslem mind, and to win the that only good may be done and Moslems to Christ.

The Western Churches also are

that none of the gains of a century ever come together in Persia at of work may be imperilled. Christian meetings, have assem- Meanwhile political conditions bled to hear the direct preaching have undergone no change for the of the Gospel and have listened better in the direction of real reli- with attention and response.

gious liberty. In Egypt the free- The overturnings in Afghan- dom of Moslem women to become istan have not as yet opened the Christians has been challenged and country to missionary occupation.

for the time being denied. In Irak Missionaries are waiting on three the government has invaded the sides, west and south and east, to guarantee of the mandate with the press in whenever the doors open.

open rebuke of the Mandates Com- Meanwhile thousands of Afghans mission of the League of Nations come for medical treatment to Pa- but without amendment of its sharvar and Meshed and back course of action. In Syria the man- home with some portion of the Bi- datory power has forbidden the re- ble in their packs and some word turn to Damascus of an efficient of the Gospel in their minds and Danish missionary who was work- hearts.

ing for MOSllems. In Turkey no The most tragic recent event in Christian teaching is allowed in the Near East, however, has been, mission schools and Islam is dises- of course, the troubles in Palestine.

tablished as the state religion and Foolish and ill-advised actions of religious liberty is declared but it small consequence touched off this is liberty only to hold one's own explosion but back of it are deeper religion, not for a Moslem to moral and economic and religious change and become a Christian, causes. The Jewish population is and the government schools in the a small minority of the land. It is lower grades provide courses of re- supported by a heavy annual influx ligious instruction in which Islam of money from the Zionist organ- is taught as the true and the only izations abroad. The Arabs see national religion. their dominance steadily en- The set against religion is croached upon and are unready or strongest in Russia and perhaps incompetent to meet new competi- weakest in Persia. The Soviet tion by an awakened life and the Government is deliberately seeking acceptance of modern conditions.

to extirpate religion. It is atheiz- Two wholly incongruous groups ing its schools and establishing are thrown together under circum- avowed anti-religious universities. stances rendering friction inevita- And it is curtailing and constrict- ble. Long and grave troubles are ing the scanty rights of religious ahead which, still, can be moderated freedom which have survived. In if wise leaders can be found who Persia, on the contrary, the gov- will apply in Palestine the methods ernment seems to be satisfied with of the Inter-Racial Commissions in the continued work of the mission America. But what has made these schools with larger freedom than commissions so successful in ad- is allowed by Moslem authorities justing relations between black and anywhere else, and as yet there has white in America is the common been no interference with medical Christianity of their members. If or evangelistic work. In Zenjan that were only possible in 'Palestine larger Moslem audiences than have today!

From the Viewpoint of the Inte1"national Missionary Council BY THE REV. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D.D. Secretary T HE work of the International missions in Africa. Mr. Paton Missionary Council, enlarged visited India and the Near East. and reorganized at its meet- Dr. Warnshuis has served the ing in Jerusalem in 1928, has been North American forces and has in developed and strengthened by the a large measure been responsible Chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, who, for maintaining the organization since the autumn of 1928, is giving work of the Council. his whole time to its service. The first half of the year 1929, Dr. The Williamstown meeting of the Mott spent in Asia. He partici- Committee of the Council was a pated in an enlarged meeting of noteworthy event of the Council's the National Christian Council in year. It was attended by delegates Madras, India; assisted in organ- coming from twenty-two countries, izing a National Christian Council elected by seventeen national conin Siam, and in reorganizing a Na- stituent bodies of the Council in tional Christian Council in the accordance with its revised consti- Philippine Islands. He shared in a tution. The principal business of series of regional conferences in the meeting was the adoption' of China which culminated in the plans to carry out the program and meeting of the National Christian recommendations of the Jerusalem Council in Hangchow where that COjlncil Meeting. The chairman's Council was reorganized to become tour, the visits of the secretaries, directly representative of the Chi- and correspondence from all parts nese churches. In Japan he at- of the world furnish evidence that tended the National C h r i s t ian the Jerusalem Meeting is influ- Council. In all of these countries encing in many ways the policies he met with various other groups and plans of churches and missions and conferences and made personal everywhere. The reading of the inquiries with reference to the different aspects of the Christian Williamstown minutes,* to which Mission. A summary of the impressions and recommendations re- reference must be made for fuller sulting from this visit is printed in information, will show how the the minutes of the Williamstown Council is trying to make its work meeting of the Committee of the helpfully effective along many lines, in the presentation of the Council. Christian Message, in religious The secretaries of the Council education, in relations between the younger and older churches, in the have each in their respective safeguarding of religious liberty spheres sought to serve the mis- and in overcoming other political sionary cause by bringing the far- difficulties, in the development of flung forces into closer relation- Christian literature, in research in ships that thus they may strength- *Copies of these minutes may be obtained en each other. Mr. Oldham has by application to the Secretary's office of the rendered special service to all the Int~rnati(lnal :Missionary Conncil, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Price 15 cents per copy.

9

social and industrial problems, in China, he made a study of mission the organization of educational work there. His expert advice en- commissions to India and to Japan, riched the Jerusalem Meeting.

in rural missions, and in various During the past winter he went on other matters. .Through all of a special mission to South Africa these extensive and comprehensive from which he only recently re- efforts, it is most noteworthy to ob- turned. He has now gone to India serve a marked strengthening of where he will spend the greater evangelistic purpose and activity. part of this year. After that, the • For that we thank God, and take International Missionary Council fresh courage. is planning for him to spend most In this enlargement of coopera- of the year of 1930-31 in China.

tive missionary work, the appoint- The purpose of this appointment ment of a third secretary, which is principally to study the need of was confirmed by the Jerusalem the rural communities from the Meeting, has made it possible for Christian point of view, to study Mr. Oldham to devote the major and evaluate the outstanding pieces part of his time to the problems of of rural work, and to help the Africa. A'plan for much more ef- Christian workers in India to de- fective cooperation in that con- velop a comprehensive constructive tinent has been outlined. With the program for the rural areas.

assistance of Miss Gibson in this The limitations of space prevent work and also of Miss Margaret any detailed reference to the plans Wrong, who is just beginning her of the Council in the development secretaryship of the new Interna- of carefully organized studies with tional Committee for Christlan regard to the financial support of Literature in Africa, it may be ex- missionary work and of the grow- pected that in the course of a few ing younger churches, of the mass years, missionary work in that movements in India, of freedom of great continent will more success- religious instruction, and 'of other fully meet the changing life of urgently pressing problems of the Africa and, with the blessing of world-wide work of the churches.

God, make it more Christian. Nor is there room here to tell of A significant development of the the inspiring. news that comes into Council's work may be seen in the the offices of the Council of the appointment of Dr. Kenyon L. But- great forward movements that are terfield as Counsellor on Rural a call to Christian believers every- Missions. Dr. Butterfield is known where to be more faithful in prayer as one of the foremost leaders in and more sacrificingly devoted in America in movements for the up- service. The churches in Japan are lift of country life, and has been united in a Kingdom of God Cam- the president for twenty-five years paign, the sorely harassed Chris- of two great state colleges of agri- tians of China are advancing in a culture. He has always been Five-Years' Movement, the evan- deeply interested in foreign mis- gelicals in Latin America are sions and for many years has been awakening to more united efforts, a vice-president of the American and all parts of Africa ask for Board of Commissioners for For- Christian leadership. For what is eign Missions. As a member of the Christian Church iIi North the Educational Commission to America waiting?

EVENTS IN

BOARD MISSIONS BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., AND THE REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, Secretaries I N THIS year 1929, the West al conduct of the Christian move- Africa Mission of the Ameri- ment are now distinctly under can Board in Angola is the field control of nationals: where the increase in discipleship Evidence is increasing that the has been most notable. Men and Turkish Government is sincerely women have been coming by hun- and progressively trying to build dreds to confess Christ and to seek a modern state. It is not hostile to admission to the church. The mis- Western ideas or agencies if they sionaries, pastors and church Iead- recognize Turkey's sovereignty and ers are overwhelmed with the task are calculated to cooperate with of training. The fact that the mis- Turkish aims. The year has seen sion is to celebrate its jubilee year many favorable actions of the gov- in 1930 enhances the joy over this ernment toward missionaries, as token of success. educators, doctors and personal The Madura Mission of the workers. There is a growing ap- American Board has had a special proachableness and spirit of in- committee this year studying the quiry on the part of the Turks, condition and needs of work for both men and women, adults and women in its area. It was felt that young people. Conditions are not efforts to reach girls and women uniform in all places or among all and to train them for Christian in- officials but the attitude is on the fluence in home and in community whole promising.

were insufficient. The inquiry has On April 1, 1929, announcement shown that the numbers of girls was made of a new law granting being educated in the mission suffrage to women. It was an- schools is disproportionately small. nounced that they would not only Plans are being formed to meet be permitted to vote but that they this situation and to stress more also could hold office. This fol- effectively the Christian culture of lowed the general attempt in the the womanhood of the land. early months of the year to teach The large North China field of everyone the new letters. Women the American Board has made gathered together in classes for changes this year in organization this purpose, and in the homes, which give increasing responsibil- shops and streets adults struggled ity and control to the Chinese with the new learning. One of our Church. The care and use of what missionaries estimates that during has been mission property (save the first four months of the new missionary residences) are put in year the number of literates among the hands of the governing board women increased by fifty per cent.

now called the Promotional Board American mission schools for girls of the churches, which is predomi- have correspondingly increased in nantly a Chinese body. The lines popularity and influence.

of work, oversight of churches, In May, 1929, the Turkish De- headship of institutions and gener- partment of Education for the first 11

time sent a student to study in the have been issued and it has been United States. He is a graduate made perfectly clear that our help of one of the missionary colleges along the line of practical arts and in Turkey and is to secure his doc- home economics is welcome. An torate in philosophy. This is sug- individual attempt to prevent pugestive of the idealism which pils from entering one of the mis- Turkey seeks in this country. sion schools last September was met by public protests not only to Another contact with America the local school authorities but to came through· the extended visit the Ministry of Education at Anmade by the Minister of Health to gora. At Adana the city council the United States during the late awarded a prize to the pupils of spring and summer. He came as the mission school for their orderly the guest of the Rockefeller Foun- conduct, their neatness and their unique exhibition at the time of a public celebration in the city.

In other lines than education our missionaries are finding their way slowly but surely. Playgrounds are crowded with eager youngsters learning discipline for the body.

Two missionary doctors have been added to the medical force in Tur- key and find hearty cooperation from the government. A family magazine being published jointly 'l'URKEY LEARNDW THE NEW ALPHABET by Americans and Turks in Con- stantinople is receiving broad recdation to study our systems of pub- ognition and has already probably lic health and hospitalization. In the largest sale of any magazine in a letter to one of the secretaries of the country. While not religious the American Board he says: "I in a technical sense it is clean and am anxious to cooperate and main- wholesome reflecting Christian tain our friendly relations with ideals throughout. your institutions in all that is necessary to facilitate the work in my Sometimes the missionaries in country." Turkey are criticized for doing so much for and with the Turks when In these and many other ways the chance to preach Christ by increasing confidence in American word of mouth is still limited. idealism is being demonstrated and There is true reason in this. To American schools and hospitals re- use the words of Dr. Watson, Presceive increasing tokens of friend- ident of Cairo University: "Alliness. During the year several most every religious term and new permits for missionary schools adjective bears a false meaning. Our supreme problem is religious and moral reality. . . . .. There is no effective way of getting our meaning across apart from ac- tion."

IN JAPAN AND

BY THE REV. JOHN R. EDWARDS, D.D.

Secretary, ~Methodist Episcopal Ohurch I N CONSIDERING the religious tion. Korea is a nation of farm- movements of 1929 in Japan ers, and a survey conducted two there seems to be only one- years ago brought out the terrible "The Million Souls for Christ Move- economic needs of the peasants.

ment." Originally this came from Even before this survey, some of the daring vision of a genuine mod- the mission boards were sending ern prophet, Toyohiko Kagawa. For out men having special training years he has been doing social in methods of rural church work, Christian work among the sub- and some missionaries were ex- merged classes of Japan's great perimenting with improved agri- centers, and through those years cultural equipment. About a year his emphasis has been upon ago, the National Young Men's changed lives which lead to Christian Association sent out changed conditions. He conceived Mr. Francis O. Clark, an expert the idea of securing a "million along these lines, whose task is to friends of Jesus," and the dream secure the cooperation of inter- captured the hearts of Christian ested missionaries in a nation-wide Japan so that the churches have effort to raise the economic level rallied to the slogan and the man. of the country people. Better ag- The National Christian Council, ricultural methods, improved seed, the directing agency for the fed- cooperative marketing, and similar erated churches, is backing the subjects are the means used.

movement, and evangelistically The Mission has completed the minded leaders from all denomi- plan begun by Bishop Welch in apnations are throwing themselves pointing Koreans to every official into carrying the dream into real- post in the church. All thirteen ity. The boldness and Christian district superintendents are now adventure inherent in a plan to Koreans. Missionary appointments reach a million people for Christ are only to evangelistic work. through the agency of the comparatively few Christians now ac- The General Conference has aptive are dominating the minds and proved the following statement: hearts of professing Christians. The year is proving an inspiring The supreme and controlling aim of Foreign Missions is to make the Lord one. Jesus Christ known to all men as their Korea presents problems and Divine Saviour, to persuade them to become his disciples, and to gather movements all her own. Although these disciples into Christian churches owned and administered by Japan, which shall be, under God, self-propa- the people, their needs and their gating, self-supporting, and self-gov- reactions are very different from erning; to cooperate so long as those of the Island Empire. necessary with these churches in the The outstanding effort of an in- evangelizing of their respective coun- terdenominational nature is cer- tries, and to bring to bear on all hu- tainly the emphasis being placed man life the spirit and principles of upon work for the rural popula- Christ.

13

A NEW PLAN IN THE

EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH BY THE REV. W. W. PINSON, D.D.

T HE one outstanding depar- couraging. At the above rate about ture of the Mission Board in fifty per cent of the Board's total this quadrennium is in its cul- income was from this source, show- tivation and finance. It is a step ing how important it is.

towards putting the missionary The cultivation has been equally budget on a voluntary basis, and successful. In addition to millions was taken because of the practical of pieces of campaign literature, a impossibility of maintaining the book'for study has been issued and work through participation in a circulated each year. These books budget shared by all the benevolent have been prepared by the secre- boards of the church. It was found taries and have dealt with the im- that $1,000,000 must be secured by portant phases of the missionary some means outside this general situation. The remarkable sale of budget. This must provide for a these books is one of the most hope- church-wide appeal on the merits ful features of the movement. The of the cause, for a voluntary offer- first year 72,000 were sold, in 1928, ing that would express the interest 108,166; in 1929, 110,335.

of the people, and for adequate So far as I know, critics of this cultivation, through which the plan have no adequate substitute facts and needs might be made to offer. It scarcely need be said known. there are critics. It may be that at The General Conference of 1926 the General Conference, which authorized the inauguration of a meets in May, 1930, there will be plan by which the Board was to an attempt to repeal the action au- have free access to the churches thorizing the plan. If so, the alter- during January and February of natives proposed will no doubt be each year. All avenues of approach that the board withdraw from the were left open for such methods of Budget of Apportionment to the CUltivation as the board might various benevolent interests and adopt, with privilege of asking for rely alone on voluntary offerings, a voluntary offering with a million or that it seek a vast increase in its dollars as a goal. share in that budget, and rely on This plan is yet in its experi- the income from that source. The mental stage, but the results have latter is impracticable, and would been gratifying. It has saved the cripple the Board almost fatally.

. day for the Board in this difficult The first, with all risks involved, period, and the secretaries look up- would have the advantage of put- on it as the ,bright hope for the ting the cause on the conscience of future. Only two full years have the Church. It is there at last that elapsed since the inauguration of the cause of missions rests. Of all the plan. The first year the income causes it depends on the love and from this source was $787,933. loyalty of the people. Spontaneity The second it was $653,405. For rather than constraint is charac- the year 1929 the prospect is en- teristic of missions.

14

MISSION IN

BY THE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D.

Prc.'fident of the Moravian Rocictv T HE largest mission field While some of these chapels are under the care of the Foreign doubtless primitive they testify to Missionary Society of the the value the Indians place upon Moravian Church in America is in the Gospel of salvation through Nicaragua among the Creoles, Mis- J esus Christ~ which they have rekito and Sumu .Indians, not among ceived through the Mission. the Spanish-speaking Caucasians. This mission is eighty years old, so After the inauguration of the naturally there is a large body of new President of Nicaragua, he Christians of even the second and invited Bishop Grossmann to visit third generations; but there are him, and Major Utley of the United still thousands of unevangeIized States Marine Corps sent the Indians in Nicaragua and Hon- Bishop from the East to the West duras, and· each year reports a Coast to Managua by aeroplane, large number of adult baptisms. thus enabling him to make the The net increase last year was 361. journey in a few hours, which The total number of baptized con- otherwise would have been a hazverts actually enrolled is 12,410, ardous and painful journey of besides a larger number of ad- weeks. The interview was folherents. lowed by results very favorable to the Mission. The work was greatly hindered during the years of the revolution- The settlement of the long ary fighting, as several of the sta- boundary controversy between tions were in the war zone, but the Nicaragua and Honduras threw work went forward. In his recent several Moravian Mission stations report, the superintendent, Bishop into Honduranian territory, and Guido Grossmann, wrote: "In when the Moravian missionaries spite of all drawbacks and hard- sought to visit their Indian conships, nine new church buildings verts they met with strenuous ophave been erected and dedicated position from local commandantes. during the year. Each one has So Bishop Grossmann paid an been built by the people themselves, official visit to the President of who have displayed much interest Honduras with happy results. in their labor. This is especially true of the church at Bilwas In this mission field the Mo- Karma. It is a fine, well-con- ravians have 13 stations, 25 outstructed edifice, which would call stations and 16 preaching places, forth favorable comment any- served by 24 foreign missionaries, where, and is an ornament to the by five ordained native ministers Wangks River. With the excep- and their wives, 65 native evantion of the hardware, everything gelists and assistants and 265 nais of native production. The tive helpers. There is a large field timber was grown and cut in the open here and the only serious obvicinity." stacle to great advance is the lack of men and means. For these we seek and earnestly pray.

15

CHURCH IN THE U. S

BY THE REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D., Secretary T HE special effort made by Bible teachers are trained, is not our Church in 1928, reaching usually crowded because educated an average foreign mission natives cari make five or ten times gift of $3.74 per member, has been more money in the service of the followed this year by a falling off Congo Commercial Companies than in receipts compelling us to "go in the ministry. But President softly." Our nine missions in Crane writes: Africa, China, Japan, Korea, Mex- As for the Bible-school, we are overico, and South America, are this run with students, over 200 men and 150 year, in accordance with the instructions of our Executive Com- women, We have not gone out of our mittee, making a thorough restudy way to get these students. But we have been literally besieged with applications for entrance.

and reappraisal of all their policies From Brazil and Mexico come and methods with a view to the similar reports, while in China the elimination' of what experience has recent upheaval is now seen to proved inadequate and the secur- have been God's plowshare uping of the utmost efficiency and turning that hard soil for a mighty fruitfulness along aU lines of mis- harvest. A new openness to the Gospel is everywhere evident. One sionary endeavor. missionary writes of seventy-one Following our General Assem- coming for examination at a single preaching point. Says another: bly's initiative, our Committee is urging aU our missionaries to make Where I expected to find the usual this year memorable for evan- dozen or so coming up for membership, gelistic effort, stressing the Sa- I found 150. viour's last command, "Go ye and make disciples." Already the year Writes another: is notable for the spiritual awakening evident in nearly all our mis- We have a crowd every time we open the church.

sion fields. From Japan comes Says another: this official report: In two days' visiting in the country district, I found in several places whole Never before was there a time when families destroying their household idols the people seemed so anxious to hear the and declaring their faith in Jesus. Gospel, many coming to our doors inquiring the Way of Life. Another writes of 400 inquiries From Korea one of our mission- in his field and adds: aries writes: In many places I preached to crowds Last Saturday and Sunday the Chris- in the streets. In one place three of us tians had to sit or stand out side the preached to a crowd of over 150 till we building which was filled and jammed were exhausted. After three hours, the with non-Christians, as Mr. Kim people still stood and wanted to hear preached the good news to aching hearts. more. The Chinese evangelist told me he frequently had similar experiences. The From Africa comes the news people seem open to the Gospel as never that all our schools are full and before, many realizing that there is no . hope for China except in the Gospel.

turning away applicants for lack Each quotation is from a differ- of room. Our Bible School, where ent Station, showing how wide- native evangelists and women spread is the awakening.

16 STATES BY THE REV. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D., Secretary T HE past year has been one of Seven of our missionaries are unusual surprises and emer- in the United Mission in Mesopo- gencies in our three missions tamia. Evangelistic work is reach- -Japan, China and Mesopotamia. ing out into new areas. Two book- The workers abroad have given shops have been opened, one in anew to the supporters at home an Hillah and the other in Mosul. example of the Christian spirit The American School for Boys at which makes men strong in trial Baghdad has among its 400 stu- and challenges a greater trust in dents 14 nationalities and 16 re- the God of love. ligious sects. It is known as "a Special services were held in little League of Nations." A board- March and September at Sendai, ing department was opened in a in honor of the Fiftieth Anniver- building erected on rented ground. sary of the founding of the Japan The Bible has been faithfully Mission. There has been a gratify- studied in all the classes. There ing increase in the number of self- were 18 graduates-four Moslems, supporting churches. Many· stu- two Armenians, one Assyrian, four dents in our institutions have ac- Chaldeans, and six Jews. The cepted Christ. A gift of $50,000 Girls' School at Baghdad has had by a noble woman, the largest ever a good year, enrolling 115 pupils. given, for the new North Japan College Chapel, was a happy sur- By action of the General Synod, prise. Five new missionaries have the Board is to serve as the agency been added to the Mission. of the Church for the relief of our sister churches in Europe, co- Doors which had been closed for operating with the Central Bureau two years were reopened upon at Geneva, Switzerland. much of the work in the China Mission. A brighter day is dawn- The finances of the Board have ing. New Year's Day, 1929, saw been in a more encouraging con- 15 of our missionaries again on dItion than in former years. Care the field, and nine others have re- is being exercised in keeping the turned during the year and were expenses within the income. warmly welcomed by the Chinese. The new educational policy under The number of Japanese who the direction of the Church of emigrate each year is steadily in- creasing. Of the more than 120,- Christ in China was introduced. 000 that will leave this year, Brazil will get the largest quota, ten thou- United school work is being done sand. Other favored places are the at Changsha and Wuchang. The Philippines, Peru, Central Amerevangelistic work has gained a new ica, and the islands of the South Seas. Specially organized corporafervor. One missionary predicts tions in Japan help these colonizers that the next five years will wit- to their new homes. To Manchuria ness a large ingathering among and Korea, the Japanese, because the Miao tribes in West Hunan. of climatic conditions, dislike to go.

17 3

FOREIGN MISSION

BY THE REV. JOSEPH C. ROBBINS, D.D., Foreign Secretary BURMA, with its abounding murderer and a bandit chief. He natural resources, lying, as it came under the influence of Judson does, between India and at Moulmein, and in May, 1828, China, is one of the richest and he was baptized by George Dana most strategically located prov- Boardman, at Tavoy. He became a inces of the Indian Empire. Great veritable apostle to the Karens, changes are now taking place. winning thousands to Christianity. There is everywhere evident an in- There are now nearly 200,000 tense nationalism, marked by an Christian Karens in Burma. Last increased interest in politics and year, a deputation from America, education, and by a renaissance of with 2,000 people of the different Buddhism. The demand for politi- races from all parts of Burma, cal separation from India is prac- gathered at Tavoy to celebrate the tically una.nimous on the part of centenary of the baptism of this the Burmans, who claim that his- first Karen convert. At a continuatorically, racially, geographically, tion of the Centenary Celebration economically, and religiously there in Rangoon, the Governor of the is no justification for the existing Province, Sir Charles Innes, said: political connection with India. In- This is a great day for the Chris- tian Karen community of Burma. dia is Aryan, Burma is Mongolian; Christianity among the Karens is no longer dependent for its life on in- India is Hindu and Mohammedan, spiration from outside. It has taken Burma is one of the great Bud- root and draws a great part of its sustenance from the Karens themdhist countries of the world. Final- selves. Karen churches are to a large . extent self-supporting and self-govern- Iy, B urma completely separated ing. The work is carried on largely IS through the Karens themselves ….. . Christianity has proved a powerful from India by almost impassible lever for raising the moral as well as mountains and by the Bay of Ben- gal. Burma, with a population of thirteen million people, thinks she has a just case in urging political separation from India.

The peoples of Burma are also the material condition of the Karens. With them education goes hand in manifesting today a g row i n g hand with religion. Where there is a .knowledge and appreciation of the church, usually there is also a school, life and teachings of Jesus. From and some of the schools I have seen a missionary viewpoint, the out- have surprised me by the excellence of standing event of the past year was their buildings, and the thoroughness the Ko Tha Byu Karen Centenary of their equipment. The more so be- Celebration. Adoniram Judson, pi- cause the Karens are not usually rich, oneer missionary to Burma, had and money has frequently been sub- been in Burma a number of years scribed at considerable personal sacri- before he knew there was such a fiee. A community which is ready .lInd willing to spend money on its schools people as the Karens, a wild, jun- needs have no fears for the future, gle race that lived in the mountains and I have no doubt that the Karens of the Province. Ko Tha Byu, the are destined to play an increasingly first Karen convert, had been a important part in the life of Burma.

18 An interesting recent develop- intensified by the work of the semiment in missionary work in Burma nary and college evangelistic bands, is the remarkable response of the led by. missionary Dyer. Burma Kachins, one of the wild races of had a delegation of forty young northern Burma, to the Christian men and women at the Quadrenmessage. This race is definitely nial All India Student Conference moving from its old traditions and in Madras in December, 1928. A animistic religion into a new day Burma student evangelistic band of education and Christianity. The has recently crossed the Bay of three organized groups of Kachins Bengal and held evangelistic meet- -the Namkham Association, the ings in some of the mission schools Myitkyina Association, and. the of India. Bhamo Association-have each petitioned for additional missionaries Adoniram and Ann Hasseltine to take advantage of the present Judson lived six years in Burma response of these people to Chris- before they won their first convert. tianity. The Kachins themselves That lone believer of 1819 has now are taking a large initiative in seIf- become a multitude. The Bible has support and in evangelistic and ed- been translated into most of the ucational work for their tribe. languages of Burma, and there are now planted in all parts of the There is today a new spirit of Province strong churches of misevangelism manifest among the sionary passion and evangelistic Christians of all the peoples of Bur- zeal that are a prophecy of the day ma, and this spirit has been greatly when Burma will be won to Christ.

JUDSON COLLEGE, BURMA SOCIETY BY MISS MINNIE V. SANDBERG, Foreign Secretary A SIGNIFICANT event of the bodies and the opening of a new past year was the laying of one, at the same time developing , the cornerstone of the Ad- Moanza and Leopoldville as regu- ministration Building and of the lar stations.

Woman's Building of Judson Col- This year has also marked the lege, the only Christian college in sixtieth anniversary of the Girls'

Burma. The College has a faculty School at Dngole, South India.

of 32 Americans, Burmans, and In- Soon after Dr. Clough arrived in dians, and a student body of 278. Dngole, his wife Harriet opened a With the completion of the build- primary school on the veranda of ings, at a cost of a million dollars, her home, with only six pupils in on the new site at Kokine, the Col- attendance. This was the first lege will have a complete material girls' school in a region of about equipment. 7,000 square miles and among more The cornerstone of the new than a million people. Education Woman's Hall was laid by Lady for women was then a thing quite Innes, wife of the Governor of unknown. During the past year Burma. The building will provide the enrolment was 336, with 200 a home for the 75 young women living in the boarding home. There who are students at Judson Col- has been a constant effort to mini.

lege, two of whom are doing grad- mize the difference between life in uate work for their Master's a little village and in a big station Degrees. like Dngole. To this end, simple Fifty years of Christian effort in projects suited to Indian life are Congo called a number of visitors carried out. Hygiene and domes- from America to celebrate the J u- tic science are related to the home bilee of Christian missions in that life in the boarding department land. Following this meeting the and work with the hands has an missionaries of the Baptist Boards important place. Gardening, spin- in the Congo met for conference at ning, weaving plain cloth, net-mak- Sona Bata. After two years of ing, rope-making, book-binding and study a comprehensive plan for poultry-keeping, all have their part the development of the work of the in the daily life of the school. All mission was adopted. This pro- the cooking and housekeeping are gram calls for the reorganization done by the girls. Food supplies of the work in the turning over of are sold to the cottages by a com- two stations to other Christian mittee of the older girls.

Eternal Goodness, grant us to walk before Thee in the glory of a lighted mind, serving our fellows with hands skillful and love-anointed. Dwell within us with the spirit of power and the deep peace of a triumphant hope; then we shall serve Thee in fruitfulness and joy. And when the day is done, and our work is ended, and the night falls, may the dimness of our evening be the dawn of Thy eternal morning. In His name, Amen.

-JOSEPH FORT NEWTON.

20

CHURCH IN

BY THE REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D., Secretary D EVELOPMENTS d uri n g the Church have become more 1929 in the Amoy Mission, acute and are being studied mutu- the oldest of the Reformed ally and with harmonious results.

Church in America, have been The Arcot Mission in India is characterized by great uncertainty looking forward with keen inter- because of undisciplined troops est and elaborate preparation to coming from without the area of the commemoration of the comple- the Mission and, through Commu- tion of seventy-five years, in Janu- nistic propaganda, so disturbing ary, 1930. The emphasis is being conditions that the only wise course placed upon the enlargement of the seemed to be for all missionaries of Christian community and Church inland stations to remove tempora- through earnest, persistent evan- rHy to the port city of Amoy. This gelism, in the hope that at least brought about interruption, not 3,000 members will be added to the only to evangelistic work, but also Church as the Jubilee offering of to medical and educational work, the Mission, thus raising the Chris- particularly the latter, since there tian community to a membership is a fresh insistence upon the gov- of 25,000. Encouraging progress ernment "recognition" of schools to this end has been made during upon the basis of omitting religious the year. The financial objective is exercises and Bible instruction the raising of Rs. 75,000, repre- from the curriculum. For the pres- senting Rs. 1,000 for each year in ent the schools continue under a the history of the Mission. This modified status, having freedom of fund has been raised primarily by management and conduct, but the voluntary contribution of one without the status of government month's salary from each mission- "recognition." No special disabili- ary, catechist and teacher, and by ties seem thus far to be attached to contributions in kind from the vil- this modified procedure. These may lage Christians.

develop later. A Deputation from the Board From its earliest history, mis- will be present at the JUbilee Ex- sionaries of the Reformed Church ercises, and will also visit the in South China have promoted the other mission fields of the Church.

organization of a united church as- The Japan Mission, concentrat- sociating themselves with the mis- ing upon the Island of Kyushu in sionaries and Christians of the the south of the Empire, is length- English Presbyterian and London ening its cords and strengthening Missionary Societies in the same its stakes in the field of village area. The momentum of seventy evangelization. A new and effec- years in the life of the United tive organization has been formed Church of South Fukien has aided for the cooperation of Japanese in the recent organization of the and missionaries in the promotion United Church of Christ in China. and direction of this united effort.

By this larger union the problems The major achievement of last of the relationship of Missions and year was the reconstruction of 21

Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, which year that the persistent Christian was destroyed by the earthquake testimony of our missionaries is of September, 1923. The comple- having its effect in the conversion tion of the main building, bearing of individual Mohammedans. There the memorial name of Miss Kuy- is a readiness not only to listen to per, the principal, who lost her life the story of Christ but to regard in the earthquake, and its dedica- Him as a unique Teacher in the tion in June, 1929, occasioned great spiritual realm. There is less tendrejoicing. The cooperation of pu- ency to compare Him with the pils and parents, the alumnre and Prophet Mohammed, with conse- Government officials, political and quent antagonism, and a larger educational, has been remarkable. willingness to consider Jesus Christ as a true interpreter of God. Another major achievement in which the Reformed Church Mis- The building of the Jubilee sion has participated has been the Girls' School in Basrah and the notable advancement toward as- growing strength of the Boys' sumption of the support and ad- High School in that station, are ministration of theological educa- giving our educational work a tion, particuJarly in Tokyo, by the place of increasing importance, Church of Christ in Japan. The while the medical work in Bahrain, Synod at its annual meeting in Oc- Kuwait, Muscat and Amarah, the tober accepted the offer of the two coastal and river stations, increases theological schools in Tokyo to influence in winning attention to pass themselves over to the juris- the Christian message and its diction of the Church, with diminishing subsidies of the associated fruits. missions, Presbyterian and Re- The United Mission in Mesopoformed. It is hoped that a strong independent Divinity School in tamia, in which the Reformed Tokyo will be developed within the Church in America cooperates next ten years, the basis being the with the Reformed Church in the two in Tokyo associated with the United States and the Presbyteri- Meiji Gakuin and with the Church an Church in the U. S. A., strengthand work of the late Dr. Uemura. ened its staff and its work during the past year. The steady evan- The Arabian Mission among gelistic work carried on through Moslems in the very cradle of Bible shops and coffee shops in the Islam has been developing slowly cities of Baghdad and Mosul and but surely. While the organization Hillah, and the increasing strength of the Church in this hard field has of the Boys' and Girls' Schools in not yet been brought about, there Baghdad, have been notable feahave been evidences in the past tures of the past year, and the out- look is encouraging.

AVIATION IN BRAZIL Brazil is rapidly becoming convinced of the advantages of aviation. Last year the Companhia Viru;ao Aerea Rio Grande ftew its planes 108,860 kilometers and carried 1,530 passengers. The Condor Syndicate's planes flew 366,224 kilometers, carrying 5,224 passengers. The letters carriej by the Compagnie Generale Aeropostale (a French aviation company serv- ing Brazil) totaled 8,112,820, and its kilometrage rose from 69,415 to 481,185.-New York Times.

OF THE HOME MISSIONS

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

l1a:c('utive ~~'ccrct(1;ry of the Ooun(,~il T HE' work of the Home Mis- given sections. Considerable inter- sions Council for the year est is being developed in this effort.

1929 has proceeded along the Second, the meeting in January usual lines with gratifying results. of the three large commissions There is a growing spirit of good- that are preparing for the North will and Christian comity among American Home Missions Congress the denominations, and an increas- which is to be held in Washington, ing desire on the part of the de- D. C., December 1-5, 1930. More nominational boards to work out a than one hundred carefully selected finer interdenominational coopera- men and women, who constitute tion. In addition to the regular these commissions, met in Atlantic lines of work, through the various City for two days in January to re- standing committees and the State view the work of the previous year Home. Missions Councils, the out- and to make plans for further standing events for the year have study and research during 1929 been in connection with the Five- and 1930. This meeting revealed Year Program of Survey and Ad- the interest that is being taken in justment. Four things may be the coming Congress and gave mentioned as the most significant promise of a great epochal meet- events of the year in this program. ing in Washington this year.

First, the organization of state Third, the Council, with the co- and regional councils and commis- operation of the Council of Women sions. Two new State Home Mis- for Home Missions, the Federal sions Councils have been organized Council of Churches and the Comduring the year-New Mexico and munity Church Workers, is mak- Arizona. The Home Missions ing a survey of the entire United Council is cooperating with the States to discover the conditions in Quadrennial Extension Program small towns and rural sections with of the Federal Council of the reference to overchurching, inade- Churches in an effort to secure in quate churching, and overlooking.

every state an inclusive State This survey is under way in fifteen Council of Churches. Two of the states. One State, New Ramp- State Councils-Montana and Ore- shire, has been completed in which gon-have voted to join in a State 83 towns were found to be over- Council of Churches as soon as churched, 33 towns inadequately other state interdenominational churched, only 15.4'10 of the popagencies will agree to cooperate. ulation of the State is in the mem- First steps have been taken toward bership of the Protestant Church; the organization of interdenomina- 33.1 % is Roman Catholic, and tional home mission commissions 50.9 % is totally unchurched. Some in certain rural regions, which striking instances of overchurching shall be charged with the local re- were found, communities of 1,000 sponsibility of coordinating the to 1,500 people with as many as home mission activities of these seven Protestant churches. Seven- 23

teen towns with a total population the United States. By the estabof 8,709 have 50 churches, or an lishment of a Joint Committee of average of one for every 161 per- r.ine, three each from the Home sons. The aggregate church mem- Missions Council, Federal Counbership is 1,317, or an average cil of the Churches, and Commembership per church of 26. munity Church Workers, a plan These conditions in New Hamp- has been devised to care for the inshire are typical of conditions that terest of the independent comobtain all over the country. munity churches of the country, so as to hold them in connection Fourth, the fourth outstanding with organized Protestantism and event of the year is the cooperative the regular going order of the agreement that has been effected churches. with the community churches of HOME MISSIONARY WORK OF PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN BY M. KATHARINE BENNETT BOl>rd oj Nationa! Missions of the Presbyterian Onurah in the U. S. A.

T HE year 1929 has been San Juan, Porto Rico. At the marked by a fine building former, a new hospital of 75 beds program for the schools and has been built and the former hospitals cared for through the small hospital building has been Board of National Missions of the remodeled as a Teachers' Home.

Presbyterian Church. Teachers' In Porto Rico, a splendid new homes at Wasatch Academy, Utah, Nurses' Home, named Sellew Hall and at Cardenas, Cuba, make pro- in memory of her whose gifts made vision for retaining married men this possible, will care for one hun- on the staffs and for housing more dred nurses and increase the hos- comfortably some single workers. pital capacity. Smaller buildings Allison-James School, Santa Fe, and repairs in many places increase New Mexico, and Farm School, efficiency and the comfort of the North Carolina, have each dedi- missionary workers.

cated a new dormitory to replace As the mission field is surveyed, buildings that had to be abandoned. the constant adaptation of service Sheldon Jackson School, at Sitka, to changing needs becomes a factor Alaska, has a much-needed Indus- that is of interest and importance.

trial Building, making possible the Local conditions are as varied at teaching of more varied types of mission stations as elsewhere, and work and thus preparing students there must be at all times the study better to meet the needs of the Ter- of these and a flexibility of pro- ritory. Tucson Indian Training gram to meet them. There is great School, Arizona, proudly adds to encouragement in the increasing its campus a Graduate Home for leadership and cooperation of local boys who, having finished grade groups which point toward the work at the school, will attend the final assumption of full responsi- city high school. bility by them – the desideratum Medical service is being much toward which all service must enlarged at Ganado, Arizona, and strive.

MISSIONS AND CHURCH

IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL Director of Publicity and Promotion DURING the fiscal year ending gelical Congress held in Havana in October 31st, the program June was attended by several of of work extending over the our secretaries and by representa- United States and into Hawaii, tives from our churches in Porto Alaska, Porto Rico, and the Do- Rico and the joint enterprises of minican Republic continued on a the Dominican Republic. It was relatively even keel with encourag- an occasion for broadening hori- ing reports from all parts of the zons and gaining new strength and field, but no resources were avail- courage for the work ahead.

able for the undertaking of urgent During the year a number of new projects. Porto Rican churches destroyed . Because of limitation of funds by the hurricane have been re- and as a matter of policy, special stored. The immigration of an in- emphasis has been placed upon the creasing number of Porto Ricans development of self-support. Ad- into the United States is creating vance steps have been made in in- a new challenge. Several Porto terdenominational cooperation at Rican congregations have been a number of points. Notable among built up and Porto Ricans are now these projects is the plan for han- settling in neighborhoods formerly dling the school work for Spanish- occupied by other national groups speaking boys in Albuquerque including New York's Little Italy.

jointly with the Presbyterians, re- Our Department of Evangelism suIting in a practical federation of has given specia) assistance to the Harwood Boys' School with the churches in locating and reclaim- Menaul School. Cooperative enter- ing nonresident inactive members.

prises in government In d ian At present it is promoting "preach- schools, in the Dominican Repub- ing missions" and other evangelical lic, and in many local fields, par- enterprises, and aiding churches ticularly in larger parishes in in their preparations to make this rural areas, have been continued 1900th anniversary of Pentecost a and extended. notable year in the field of evan- The great influx of Filipinos into gelism.

Pacific Coast states has created a An unusual departure this year new challenge and opportunity, has been the launching of a new and, during the year considerable periodical of church administraprogress has been made in culti- tion known as "The Pastor's J ourvating this important field. Much nal." It has met an amazingly of this work for Filipinos is now cordial reception on the part of the handled in American churches. pastors and has seemed to fill a An important conference of Fili- very definite and long-felt need.

pinos and Filipino workers was Two new superintendents of de- held in San Francisco in 1929. partments have taken up their re- The Hispanic American Evan- sponsibilities this year-Dr. F. W.

25

Mueller, Superintendent of the Unfortunately, our fiscal year Department of Church Extension, ending October 31, 1929, closed succeeding Dr. W. L. McDowell; with a deficit of. approximately and Dr. C. A. Richardson, Super- $200,000, so that some curtailment intendent of City work, succeeding and readjustment of work will be Dr. M. P. Burns. necessary in the year ahead.

MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A. AMONG THE MORMONS BY THE REV. ANDREW J. MONTGOMERY, D.D.

Director, TrHl'1t and CountlJ D('pa1~tl1u:nt A RECENT study of the mis- ary work in reachable outstations. sionary map and forces of There is only one county in Utah, Utah and southern Idaho, and none in southern Idaho, in the home of nearly four-fifths of which Protestant churches have the followers of Joseph Smith and not established missions or 'visited.

Brigham Young, may cheer those the Mormon villages through Sunwho are intloi~ested in the work of day-school colporteurs or by sum- the Protestant Church in our Gali- mer itineration. The larger Prot- lee of the Gentiles and the cities estant churches have also a and villages of our Samaria. resident bishop, superintendent or There are 200 Protestant min- executive who visits the missions isters in this region, 75 in Utah aided or supported by the church and 125 in southern Idaho. Over which he serves and scores of other fifty of these ministers are resi- adjoining settlements.

dent pastors of self-supporting Beside these ordained or com- churches, ten in Utah and forty in missioned ministers, the Protestant Idaho. Ten teach in the Protes- churches have three academies and tant colleges and academies. The an interdenominational college in churches also support ten Sunday- Utah and two academies and two school missionaries or colporteurs colleges in' southern Idaho. Sixty inside the Mormon lines. These teachers are at work in these acad- men help us keep in touch with emies and c'oIleges in Utah and little fellowships beyond the fre- nearly as many in the academies quent ministry of settled mission- and colleges of Idaho. In one acad- aries and do an effectual service in 'emy, which has an enrollment of the hinterlands of the Mormon over 200, sometimes as many as area. forty per cent of the pupils are of Besides these traveling mission- Mormon heredity or training. Sev- aries, the Protestant churches have eral churche,s also support com- over one hundred ministers who munity workers, kindergartners are partially or wholly supported and deaconesses, usually in fields by the various church boards and otherwise unoccupied. There are are resident in dominantly Mor- at least fifteen of these good wom- mon communities. These mission- en who are doing missionary work aries minister not only to the little in our Samaria under the direction flocks in the towns or villages in of the boards of the Protestant which they reside, but do mission- churches.

ANNIVERSARY OF THE WOMAN'S

FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY MRS. C. C. PEALE, Cincinnati, Ohio T HERE recently closed in Co- people, was taken with some doubt lumbus a meeting unique in as to its wisdom. The President the annals of missionary ac- of the Chamber of Commerce said tivities. It was the annual meeting to the women of Columbus, "There of the General Executive Commit- are not enough people in the United tee of the Woman's Foreign Mis- States interested in Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the Methodist sions to fill this hall." He sat on Episcopal Church, but combining the platform Sunday night and with it the celebration of the six- saw hundreds of people unable to tieth anniversary of its organiza- get in. It became necessary for tion. the police and firemen to take charge of the situation, and for Mrs. F. I. Johnson, President of three days literally to guard the the Federation of Woman's For- entrances to prevent a panic.' The eign Missionary Boards of the streets were thronged with earnest- United States and Canada, was the faced women with notebooks in moving spirit of the anniversary their hands, hurrying to imbibe the days. For two years her ingenious knowledge being given by specialand inventive mind worked out ists, missionaries, nationals, and the details. It has been said of her men and women from every dethat she "specializes in the impos- partment of Christian activity. sible," and where others were faint-hearted and felt that the ob- The scene in Memorial Hall can stacles were too great to be over- hardly be described. It might be come, this little dynamo of human compared in miniature to the great energy never faltered in the task. Centenary held a number of years To her, more than any other wom-. ago and, like a miniature, it was an, is due the honor for the over- delicately wrought out showing whelming success' which crowned the evidence of a woman's hand her labors. and planning. A large painting made in sections by school girls of Women came by the hundreds Japan almost covered the ceiling. and thousands from every section Other paintings used as a backof the United States. Situated as ground and representing many Columbus is in the heart of Meth- countries, were displayed as misodism, every city and hamlet sent sionaries brought the story of the large delegations until the local progress of the Gospel. committee in despair ceased to register the throngs. By actual Booths lined the walls, some of count, 5,713 were present, but them filled with Oriental displays many "did not register and there and others representing the eleven were probably 8,000 people in at- branches, showed the resources tendance. from which missionary money is Memorial Hall, seating 4,000 secured. The Communion Booth 27

with its mahogany table from might be described-a woman with Japan, prayer rugs from South toil-worn hands weeping over the Africa, communion cups from little cup. "I wanted so much to China, delicately and intricately be a missionary," she said to a wrought linens from Mexico, brass friend, "but I could not fit myself plates from Korea, silver pitcher so I have kept a child for years in from France, and rugs from Bul- one of the schools in China. Pergaria and Africa, was the center haps this cup is from that school." of reverent interest. The last night was thrilling. A The unpacking of the "Love great map of the world was at the Gifts" in the basement of Memorial back of the platform with lines of Hall transported us from prosaic electric light converging at Co- America to the mysterious Orient. lumbus. As cables were read by Queer-shaped hampers, baskets of nationals, the light ran down to different kinds, trunks and boxes Columbus, Calcutta, Tokyo, Hamyielded up their treasures. Hand- merfest, Lovetch, Algiers, Singawork from the schools brought a pore, until all the countries had vision of dusky faces bent intently sent their messages. Then the over their work. Hundreds of circle of light ran around the whole pairs of cunning Chinese shoes world and it was complete. When with cat faces, gifts of brass from Senor Mario Cappelli, the conse- Korea and India, woven baskets crated singer, sang, "If with all and trays, costumes from many your hearts ye truly seek Him," lands, linens from Lingayen, form- and facing an illuminated cross ed a bewildering array that made poured out his soul in "The Old the work fascinating. Over it all Rugged Cross," and the "Taps" the odor of far-away lands, cloves were sounded for the close of this and spices, made us think of the wonderful meeting, we were ready docks in Boston; and to crown all for the "Reveille" which was the gifts, the lovely silver bowl from beginning of a new epoch in mis- Burma which, on the last night, sionary work. The watchword for was to hold the anniversary gifts the new decade is "Forward-Toof 112 women-$112,OOO-what a gether-To the Unfinished Tasksight that was! To Know Christ and to Make Him Known." The missionary cause The Sunrise Communion Serv- has received an impetus which ice was a scene never to be for- will tell mightily in the coming gotten-the tall candelabra of Indian brass shedding a soft light, years. the organ playing softly, and the The city of Columbus was deeply thousands of women in solemn procession receiving the bread from stirred by the crowds and the inthe twenty-two laquer trays and terest shown in a religious gaththe wine from the porcelain cups- ering. Even the taxicab men said the gift of the women of China- they could not understand why peoand to be carried away. Eight ple would stand so long to get into hundred women were standing in a missionary meeting. Governor the rain at 4: 30 A. M., waiting for and Mrs. Myers Y. Cooper gave a the doors to open. The service con- beautiful reception at the Executinued three hours and 5,000 com- tive Mansion and attended many muned. Many touching scenes of the sessions.

A brilliant array of speakers

BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY

were on the program. Bishops Tupper, and others charmed every- Nicholson, Leonard, McConnell, one by their gifts of speech and Welsh, Warne, Hamilton, Oldham, song. and McDowell; Dr. J. M. King, a colored man, Mr. Cuadra from the Mr. Homer Rodeheaver led the Philippine Islands, Dr. J. M. M. vast throngs in song which con- Gray, Dr. John R. Matt, Mrs. tributed greatly to the success of Henry Peabody, Judge Florence every service. Mrs. Thomas Nich- Allen, Mrs. Ella M. Boole, Presi- olson showed herself to be a master dent Soper, Rollin H. Walker, Dr. in the difficult art of presiding S. D. Gordon, and others. over such a large assembly. Her words were like "apples of gold in A group of Nationals among pictures of silver," and she rose to whom were Miss Lillian Wu, Miss every occasion with a dignity which Carol Chen, Mrs. Induk Kim, Miss was beautiful and charming. Avelina Lorenzana, Miss Helen BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY . BY THE REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D.

n/T OUR doors, throng the peo- ness, vice, crime, and degradation. pIes of every land. In the Like Jesus Himself in the days of work of evangelizing these old, the workers in these centers new Americans, Baptists are ex- make themselves a part of their pected to have large responsibili- neighborhood, a healing part, a ties. The magic growth of the helpful, hopeful, and saving part.

cities, with populations from forty Many are the stories of self-sacri- to sixty per cent of foreign birth fice and unheralded heroism on the or parentage, has created large sec- part of the workers which come tions where thousands of people from these life-saving stations are without church privileges. every year, and into the thousands Our foreign-speaking pastors and run the number of lives which, Christian center workers report a through the ministries of these response to the Gospel on the part workers, have caught sight of of these racial groups that should Jesus as their Saviour and have hearten everyone who finds it a yielded themselves to Him.

joy to build with Christ. The educational work of the So- From the experimental stage of ciety is facing far-reaching deci- ten years ago, our center work has sions. The rapid development of already passed into that stage of our schools for Negroes into col- its development where we can point leges and the greatly increased to definite permanent results and cost of carrying on a college bring where we know with a fair degree us again to the question of the fu- of certainty whither we are going. ture of some of our schools. Thirty We now have forty-four institu- years ago, $10,000 a year would tions which claim the distinction maintain a school of 400 children of being full-fledged, half-grown, below the twelfth grade. Now or budding Christian centers. Many $40,000 will not maintain a school of them are nothing less than life- of 300 college students. Yet the saving stations set in the midst of appropriation of our Society for stormy communities of ungodli- these schools has hardly changed

in these years. We have, however, commodated in the present buildsecured partial endowments for ings. A choice piece of land of fifty three or four of them, and students acres has been purchased for the pay much more tuition than for- Baptist Academy in Barranquitias. merly. We have also reduced the In Mexico the laws do not allow us number of schools to which appro- to hold public worship in rented priations are made. buildings or private homes. There- fore the Home Mission Society is The mission schools for negroes, called upon to help provide church as well as the other institutions of buildings if the Gospel is to be learning maintained by the Society, planted in new centers. The exare evangelizing agencies, minis- penditure of $50,000 per year for tering to their respective student ten years would scarcely enable us bodies, and by the directed activi- to overtake the building needs of ties of Gospel bands, to neglected our Baptist churches in Latin outlying communities. Practically America. all of our schools devote special attention to the training of preach- The Next Step in Home Missions ers and Sunday-school teachers either in special courses or sum- The ever-recurrent problem of mer institutes. There are more how to induce the foreign-speak- students in the regular theological ing groups and churches receiving department of each of the four financial aid to assume larger fi- largest schools-Virginia Union nancial obligation, with the conse- University, Shaw University, quent measure of self-determina- Morehouse College and Bishop Col- tion, is a vital one. This work lege-than for several years past. should be persistently carried for- ward and every group and church The Home Mission Societies enjoying the gifts of the general conduct mission work in six Latin denominations should at the earli- American countries-Cuba, Porto est possible moment come to self- Rico, Haiti, Salvador, Nicaragua support.. Heartening progress has and Mexico. In Haiti the language been made in this direction during is French; in all the other fields the past ten years. The next ten it is Spanish. The Home Mission years should see many advances in Society has under appointment to bringing groups and churches to these fields eleven English-speak- self-support. Just because a soing missionaries and 122 French or ciety has been working for a hun- Spanish-speaking pastors. Of the dred years is no reason why it latter, twenty-nine are supported should continue to do its work for- entirely by churches on the various ever. It must always justify its ex- fields. During the past year there tension of life by its extension of were 1,236 baptisms in these six work. countries, and the total offerings from the churches amounted to BIBLE DISTRIBUTION $74,632. The American Bible Society dis- In all of these countries there tributed eleven million Bibles in 1928 in 182 languages. Four and has been a change in the moral a half million Bibles and Bible por- atmosphere favorable to the tions were distributed in China alone. preaching of the Gospel, and the . people are coming to hear it in larger numbers than can be ac-

CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN

BY THE REV. CHARLES L. GOODELL, D.D.

Secretary of the Oommission on Eva,ngelism and Life Service of the Fedet'al Council of the Ohurches oj Christ in AmC1''ica I T IS now some four years since nobody. We may slightly para- "The Christ of the Indian phrase the poet's words and say- Road," by E. Stanley Jones, made a real spiritual sensation That one Face rather grows, throughout the country and the And decomposes but to recompose, world. It is interesting to know Becomes my Christ that a proper successor to that book Who feels and knows. has been written by Dr. Jones entitled "The Christ of Every Road." Matters of creedal statement This book dwells especially upon have long been fought over in the coming of the Holy Spirit and America. When we remember the Pentecost, and is peculiarly timely polemics of the last century and in view of the nineteen hundredth more, and recall the names of those anniversary of Pentecost, which is who stoutly withstood each other now engaging the attention of the in the fields of debate, we cannot Church: With the advent of the help thinking of the great revelanew year, this book will be in the tion which must have come to them hands of the people. when the a n gel of grace had washed from their eyes the sleep of death and they stood in common fellowship before their Lord.

The Editor of the MISSIONARY Their swords are rust, their bones are REVIEW OF THE WORLD suggests to dust, me the propriety of a brief article Their souls are with the saints, we trust.

on "The Christ of the American There is a growing conscious- Road." This I am glad to under- ness that Dean Inge was right take. Every few years a new re- when he said that Jesus did. not ligion is being promulgated. This· come to bring a religion but to be year is no exception; a liberal a religion; that He brought us a preacher in New York is standing religion that does not have to be sponsor for the new religion of defended but defends itself; and Humanism. One can not help re- that while we are interested more calling the answer of Tallyrand or less in creedal statements and when a man of his day told him he have no doubt that some of them was launching a new religion and are better than others, we are thor- would like his advice as to the best oughly satisfied that in the last way to do it. The answer was, "I analysis the best creed is the blind would advise you to be crucified man's creed-"This I know, that and to rise again on the third day!" whereas I was blind, now I see."

Whatever may be said about the It ought not to be difficult for all deflections and the indifference of communions to get together on that the Church, there is no question basis, and the unity for which we throughout America as to the su- long will probably come about in premacy of Jesus Christ. It is not no other way. Doctrines may di- a question of Christ or somebody vide us, but a common experience else; it is a question of Christ or through Christ will make us one.

31

Then we can say, "Is thy heart as lives of the buffeted millions we my heart? If it be, give me thy are hearing His words, "Come un- hand." to me all ye that labor and are The attitude which is more or heavy laden, and I will give you less apparent in the thinking of rest." You have been bearing your America today is the attitude that burdens alone and they are too these great questions which center much for you. "Take my yoke up- in Christ must be settled by ex- on you and learn of me, for my perience. Nothing stands the acid yoke is easy and my burden is test but faith in Jesus Christ. The light."

testimony of Dean Sperry, in his In the application of this blessed lectures before the Colgate-Roch- fact, we feel that a new day is ester Divinity School, is signifi- dawning throughout our country. cant. Speaking for that "vague If you are thinking of the great society known as 'Liberal Protes- missionary movements which have tantism,''' he says, "As for wor- so blessed the world and which ship, we are vaguely aware that at need as never before the motive of this point we are unexpert and defi- a divine urge, it is here you will cient; therefore we redouble our find it. Jesus Christ is saying, "Go busyness in the hope that work is quick, everywhere. Lo, I am with the substance of prayer. We try you even unto the end of the to make two blades of grass grow world." If you try to keep your where one grew before, without religion, you will lose it. If you stopping to ask the meaning of give yourself and your life in ut- this endeavor in sight of the time termost surrender to the needs of when some wind shall blow across a world ruined by sin, you will the world and no blade of grass save your own life and the lives of will grow more." The pendulum those to whom you minister. You has swung so far to the things are talking about social service, the which are of the earth earthy, and betterment of all classes and conour busyness has so absorbed us, ditions of men. You cannot face that we are calling a halt. We them in your own strength. You have been straining every energy will grow weary and utterly fail. in feverish anxiety to annihilate You must have a wisdom that is space and time. To cut a second greater than any which grows in from the record is enough to put purely human service. If you want a man or a horse on the front page; to minister to men who toil with but the answer from the bystander brain or brawn, you must bring to is, "If all that means the reaching them the spirit as well as the pracof the graveyard so much sooner, tice of the Carpenter of Nazareth. what is your hurry?" What is the If you want to minister to those end of it all? Alas, on the human who question your sincerity, you side, a few short planks from the must join the Society of the Towel joiner's hand in the windowless and the Basin, whose charter memchamber of silence and death, and ber was the Man who girded a on these lips of ours, so avid of towel around His loins and washed praise, there will rest at last but a and wiped His disciples' feet. If puff of dust. you want to take away the scandal It is here where the Christ of of the Church and bring men from Every Road comes in. Over the the highways and the byways of

THE CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN ROAD

life, from the seats of the mighty psychology and pedagogy, but are and the cottages of the poor, into they walking more closely with vital relationship with God and God? Do they know more intiduty, you must do it as Jesus did mately Him who said, "I am come it. It is the personal touch, the that they might have life and that yearning of heart for heart, the they might have it more abundantpassion which sent our Lord to ly." The psychology of conversion gaze on a ruined city that would or prayer is no substitute for those kill Him in a few days, and weep experiences. The study of the numthere with a love and longing too ber and authorship of the books deep to measure as He cried, "0 of the Bible is no equivalent for Jerusalem! how oft would I have the translation of their message gathered you as a hen gathereth into good and honest hearts. "The her chickens." words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life." And We are coming to realize that that is the purpose which must lie the supreme message of Jesus is behind all our Christian religious not the message of a teacher but education. It is a matter of great of a Saviour. The Sermon on the joy that many of our leaders in Mount was not by any means His Christian education, like Dean greatest deliverance to the world. Athearn, lately Dean of Boston It was only His inaugural, spoken University School of Religious Edwhen those who listened were not ucation, and Dean Weigle, of Yale able to comprehend deeper spir- School of Religion, are emphasizitual truths. His greatest sermons ing this great fact on every proper were those preached to individuals, occasion. Jesus Christ is himself and that supreme message which the Way and the Truth. A weary was last upon His lips before those world standing at the cross roads lips, moistened with the vinegar of is not asking for a new signboard malice and purple in the agony of to point the way, but it is looking death, had cried, "It is finished." for a living message from Him with pierced hands and a wounded Here, in the matter of religious education, we in America are face heart, who alone can guide it into to face with a lesson which we must all truth. not overlook or forget. If secular education is falling down at the At this particular time there is point of character, the same thing an expectancy upon the face of the is also true of our religious educa- Church which she has not worn tion. Taking the country at large, for many a day. It has been quite there are thirty per cent less chil- the fashion for spiritual leaders to dren in the Sunday-school today say that it was time for a new outthan there were thirty years ago. pouring of spiritual power. For But this is not the saddest thing many years there has been a feelabout it. The percentage of those ing that a Pentecost was overdue. who are corning from the Sunday- With a unanimity that is most enschool into vital relationship with couraging and a yearning that is Christ and membership in the inspiring, the Conferences, Assem- Church is also increasingly less. blies and Synods of the Churches have united to make the present No doubt our teachers are better year, the nineteen hundredth annitrained than those of a former gen- versary of Pentecost, a time when eration in matters of philosophy, 3a

the Church should listen to the last Such in substance was the holy message of its Lord and wait for challenge which did thrill and will a new enduement of spirit and thrill the Church till the end of power. If Pentecost was necessary time. It is this Christ who must for the birth of the Church, other walk with us. Once He fell in with Pentecosts must be necessary for discouraged disciples who walked its continued power, and it is this and were sad on the way to Em- enduement which will vitalize the maus; but a little later their hearts whole Christian Church. burned within them as He unfolded The supreme day of the year is to them His holy promise. The Church of our day has been walkneither Christmas nor Easter, ing with leaden feet in a dusty blessed and glorious as those days path. The cares of this world and are; but they both take their the deceitfulness of riches have beauty and significance from what happened on Pentecost. After the choked the Word, and it has stood resurrection, the disciples were still shivering around altars where the a discouraged and timid company, fires had gone out. Some perchance meeting behind bolted doors. But have even been ready to propound when the day of Pentecost was once more the dreary skepticism fully come, there came with it that of John's disciples, "Art thou he power which changed the hearts that should come, or look we for of doubting, helpless men and made another?" With patience unspeakthem invincible by the indwelling able, the Christ has' been saying to of that .spirit which Christ said all such, "Look about you. The would be His alter ego, His other blind see, the deaf hear, the lame self, the spirit of Truth which walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the poor rejoice in a Gospel as would abide with them forever. mighty as their need." It is this Christ who journeys with us. It is Who is the Christ who is to be He alone who is adequate to the the Christ of the American Road? needs of our complex civilization, It is the Christ who is revealed to to the materialism of a nation each individual through the Holy grown rich in things beyond any- Spirit. We are talking about the thing which the world has ever rediscovery of Jesus. How is that seen, whose temptations to the mato be brought about? Not through terial and the sensual have been some ancient papyrus dug from greater than any other generation Egyptian sands or uncovered in has ever known. It is this Christ some ancient library. "He shall who is saying, "All power is given bring to your remembrance all that unto me in heaven and in earth. I have said." "He shall lead you Go ye, therefore, and teach all nainto all truth." He shall give you tions. . . . .. And, 10, I am with you wisdom and strength. Through Him you shall be mighty and pre- alway, even unto the end of the vail over all that is against you. world."

"A great empire and little minds go ill together. We ought to elevate our minds to the greatness of that trust to which the order of Providence has called us."-Edmund Burke, in the British Parliament.

CHURCH AND CONGREGATION AT POINT

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA BY THE REV. HERBERT BOOTH SMITH, D.D.

Posto'r, imtnltnud Prc8 bv t erian Church, LOB Angeles, Oalifornia I T IS easy for the tourist to gen- impressions which may be worth eralize. A European whose passing on to others whose knowl- knowledge of America was edge of Alaska is confined to the confined to the country between geography class in the fourth Niagara Falls and the Statue of grade. Liberty would not be able to write One thing which is patent to the a "Guide to the United States." No casual observer is the need of comore can a Californian who has operation between the variou~ spent one month in Alaska, travel- Protestant denominations. Alaska ing from Seattle to Fairbanks and is a big field to cover, with its 600,- points en route claim a thorough 000 square miles and its popula- acquaintance with the land north tron, native and white together, of of Fifty-four Forty. And yet if about 60,000. This means ten you have kept eyes and ears open square miles of elbow room to each and talked with a score of repre- inhabitant. If the 30,000 white sentative leaders from missionary folk are going to give a true picto Governor, you do gather certain ture of Protestant Christianity to 35

the Indian and the Eskimo, they considerable number of Lutherans ought to work together more fully were enrolled in the Northern than is now the case. Of course Light Church, which was none too there is considerable cooperation strong even then. Our Lutheran already, but more is needed. You brethren saw fit to come in and or- will find many Alaskan towns with ganize a church in that city which up-to-date store buildings and mod- drew away to its membership the ern theatres but hopelessly inade- Lutheran folk already happily quate churches. What a sorry ac- working in the former fold. Is count religion gives of itself when this a wise expenditure of home Ghrist's cause is represented by mission money? Mr. Young, the three or four one-room frame Juneau Methodist leader, told me buildings in a town of three thou- that the Canadian plan was the sand, say, whose ministers live on solution of Alaska's Protestant a starvation wage, comparatively problem. Perhaps it is, but that speaking, and preach to a handful cannot come at once; and my sug- of souls each week. Take Juneau, gestion would seem to be the first the capital, for example. The step. The situation at Fairbanks only self-supporting Presbyterian was a much finer. illustration of Church in' the territory is the Christian comity. . The Lutheran Northern Light Church of Juneau. leaders came there on a tour of in- They have a comparatively new vestigation with a view to organ- building which cost about $35,000, ization. They were fair enough with a membership of 140 or there- to hold a friendly conference with abouts. The Methodist Church the Presbyterian pastor and others, across the way is an antiquated as a result of which they concluded frame building and their church that there was no field for another roll numbers about forty. They Protestant church and hence they have a better manse, however, than left the work in its present status the Presbyterians, a reasonably quo. The children of this world ·odist friends could see their way are not always wiser than the chil- clear to dispose of their lot, valued dren of light. One wishes that our at about $10,000, and unite with Episcopal brethren might see their the Presbyterians, a reasonably way to a finer spirit of coopera- strong work could be developed. tion, especially in view of the over- My thought would be that in a tures emanating from that com- town where the Methodists had the munion today in behalf of the re- stronger work, the Presbyterians union of Christ's divided church.

should not establish a church and Take the situation in Sitka as a vice versa. This has been done at case in point. St. Peter's-by-the- Ketchikan for example, whose Sea is a charming little Episcopal Methodist Church numbers Luth- building which has had no rector erans and Calvinists among its for some time and where, accord- flock. Bishop Rowe and Dr. Tor- ing to my information, no services bet, both of the faith of Wesley, had been held for years. The Pres- agree with me in this general posi- byterian Church has had a school tion, though we might differ as to there for a half century or so. The details. time came when tbe need of a As an example of what should church building was urgently felt.

not be done, take Juneau again. A Application was made for the use

1930J SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

of St. Peter 's Church in order to sibly different kind. One of my avoid duplication, but a decided pleasant boat acquaintances was negative was the answer. Bishop Father McElmeel of the Mission Rowe is a man highly regarded at Nulato, way out on the Yukon. throughout all the territory, to be Handsome and genial, cultured and sure, and he may have had wise refined, he would be at home in any reasons for his refusal. But a social group in New York or elsemere Presbyterian cannot see the where. And yet he volunteered need of standing on technicalities for this .work five years ago and in Christian work on this far-flung he loves it. He could hardly wait battle line. A somewhat similar to get back to his dogs! A brother situation at Wrangell might be Jes uit of his said to me : "Ah yes, discussed at length. In the attrac- we give our best men to the hardtive town of Anchorage the Lutheran and Presbyterian Churches ( ,or stand on opposite corners of the same intersecting streets; both of them small and struggling. Why can they not get married? What is the use of passing resolutions about unity in our great conventions unless we begin to practice its precepts in our sparsely settled communities in the home and foreign field? In the present stage of affairs we can expect no sympathy from the Roman and Greek priests in Alaska, but surely we Protestants might unite.

Christ's Ambassadors VISITING PARISHIONERS IN ALASKA A second fact which forces itself est places," and I pondered over upon one's attention is the heroism the words. of Christ's ambassadors. One reads with admiration of the sacri- Well, we Protestants too have fices made by early traders in our saints and our heroisms, search of business success. In though we do not deal in haloes. 1838, for example, the Hudson Bay One hesitates to mention names; Company made a desperate at- but there is that man who put his tempt to establish a trading post wife and baby and household goods at Dease Lake. Four men passed in a rowboat and rowed them up an awful winter SUbsisting on the river to begin work in a native animals and moss. At one time village. When she was taken ill they had to eat their parchment she had to be driven by dog-team windows and their last meal be- for weary miles across country to fore giving up the effort was the find a doctor. There was that lacings of their snow shoes! But other missionary who was one of thank God, the servants of the three trustees for some Indians Cross are capable of equal, aye, who located a gold mine. Being greater sacrifice, though of pos- offered 250 shares (which later were worth $250,000) he refused

the same; although he was so poor One mIsSIOnary acquaintance he had to borrow his salary in ad- who has a wife and four children vance to pay his wif.e's passage to to support on the princely salary the States to visit their daughter. of $1,700 and manse, told me he He was one of Christ's fools. sometimes wondered whether he and his family were really worth An advertising man met a bach- all the money they were receiving elor missionary at a remote point from the Board of National Mison the Stikine River, who begged sions! Selah. him to stay a week with him as he ALASKAN BOYS Lay Leadership was so lonely. His chief earthly A third lesson one can learn is delight was an old-fashion~d bath- the importance of lay leadership. tub he had recently installed, the One of the needs of the church toonly one for miles around. day is a more consecrated and effi- cient laity. Many of our American I know a Sunday-school mis- churches would have to go out of sionary who answered my question business if the ministers should all about hardships in this way: "No, die. Alaska, however, has learned we haven't made any sacrifices to lay responsibility upon some of here. Of course, we lost two dear her elders and stewards and to children who could have been hold them accountable for results. saved if we could have afforded to When I visited the native church give them the care they should at Juneau, most of its members have had, but we haven't made any were away; but they were carryreal sacrifice." No sacrifice, mark ing their Gospel with them. One you. summer their pastor told his peo- ple as they left for the canneries to use every opportunity for getting groups of people together for wor- ship. In the fall they reported one hundred services held in three months. In the Klawock Church there occurred a vacancy of eight- een months between ministers and yet Mr. Bromley found a Sunday- school of one hundred members when he took charge and a field where Sunday services had been regularly held. At one native serv- ice I attended the lay preacher was blind and yet he proceeded with great efficiency. He had memorized his hymnbook and could lead all the songs with a good voice, quoting also whole Bible chapters from memory. One California clergy- man wondered whether his own of- ficial board of sixty members could

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

carryon as well if similar duties to be an officer in a certain church.

were laid upon it. The pastor of this church is prob- There seem to be two theories on ably the most gifted churchman in which church leaders have acted, Alaska. This elder said to me, leading to opposite conclusions. "The people will do everything for One is that the missionary should Doctor Blank but come to hear him learn the Indian's language and preach." Congregations of twenty- try to "think native" as fully as five to thirty people are accounted possible. The other is that the large up in the Northland. You churchman should confine himself soon learn that a minister's in- to the English, insisting that the fluence is not to be measured by his Indian is an American and must therefore learn the English lan- guage, think for himself and stand on his own feet. Naturally the second method would seem to de- velop more initiative.

Humorous mistakes have; of course, resulted from the efforts of interpreters to translate Gospel ideas into the vernacular. Rev.

David Waggoner told me of one of his assistant's interpretations of Psalm 23. He heard the man say- ing in Thlingit: "The Lord is my goat hunter." Since they know nothing of still waters except in the valleys, he put it this way: "He knocks me down on the moun- tain and brings me down to the valley." Still another translator counselled his auditors thus: "Eat, drink and be married, for tomor- row you die!" A little Haidah girl THE "PRINCETON" SPREADING TIlE evidently had her own version of GOSPEL IN ALASKA the Lord's prayer, which ran as follows: "Forgive us our debts as crowd. One of the most useful and we forgive our dentist!" A small active m~m out "to the Westward" Miss at Cordova asked at the close preaches to eighteen usually and ot evening prayer: "Mother, is yet he is a power for God. He God a fish?" "Why, no, child!" goes to cannery and copper mines, "Well, then why do we say so often, wherever men are found; and as long as they don't come to his place Halibut be Thy name?" of business he goes to theirs. He Personal Evangelism builds his life into the lives of those You can write down a fourth about him. One of my Skagway thing in your notebook and that friends probably does as much is the importance of personal work. good in preaching to the prisoners A judge who has lived about a half in the town jail as he does in century in the Territory, happens speaking to his church folk who

are as yet out of jail. He told me attractions of this great frontier how the poor chaps sent for him country as the authoress was who to come and how some of them had made her hero go overland all the straightened up as a result of his way from Washington State to the Aleutian Islands. Some folks seem visits. to think it still belongs to Russia All this is borne out by a thing and are surprised to hear English spoken there. One dear lady said which happened as the result of she wanted to see what an Alaska President Harding's visit to Alaska stamp looked like on a letter. Anin 1923. He appeared fully as other tourist wondered when her much interested in the natives as bags would be opened for examinain the whites, and asked what could tion by the customs authorities, be done to help in the solution of and who the President of Alaska their problems. He was told that was. a new boat in which the Sundayschool missionary could visit the Such persons ought to read of people in their fishing camps would the dramatic incident of Friday be a great boon. Mrs. Harding evening, March 25, 1867. Secreand Mrs. John Grier Hibben, wife tary Seward was playing whist of the president of Princeton Uni- with his family when the Russian versity, were great friends and minister was announced. Baron were also among the visitors in- Stoeckel said he had received a discluded in the Presidential party. patch from his government by It was proposed that they head a cable stating that the Emperor movement to raise $40,000 for such consented to the cession of Alaska a boat, the same to be named after to the United States of America the President. But, as will be re- upon payment of $7,200,000. "Tocalled, the President passed away morrow," said he, "I will come to in San Francisco on his return the Department and we can enter from Alaska and Mrs. Harding on the matter of the treaty." Mr. died some time after. So that the Seward said, "Why wait till tofund for a smaller boat was largely morrow? Let us make the treaty raised through the good offices of tonight." The Russian replied, Mrs. Hibben and the vessel was ap- "Your Department is closed. You propriately named the Princeton. have no clerks and my secretaries On this trim little ship the apostle are scattered all over town." Mr. of the personal touch makes his Seward answered: "Never mind way from one camp to another. that. If you can muster your lega- The little dining-room becomes a chapel and the devout Indians as- tion before midnight, I will be semble for worship and sacrament awaiting you at my office." The there. It is another case of fol- result was that by four in the lowing the people to their where- morning the treaty was engrossed abouts rather than expecting them to come out to church. and signed and ready for trans- Another observation may be mission by the President to the mentioned and that is the need for more intelligent knowledge of Senate. Alaska by the Christians of the homeland. Most of us are as igno- Frequently the thought came rant of the geography, climate and over me as our steamers ploughed their way through the various beautiful channels of the inside

WEEK OF PRAYER

passage, that if the traveling WEEK OF PRAYER world knew the matchless beauty The Federal Council of the of Alaska's snow-clad mountains Churches of Christ in America rising sheer from the water's edge, joins with the World's Evangelical there would not be space enough Alliance of Great Britain in apon the boats of the four steamship pointing a Universal Week of lines to satisfy the people desiring Prayer, beginning Sunday, Janto go. Here is an ocean voyage uary 5. A suggested devotional without the danger of seasickness program will be circulated throughand a foreign country, in some out all English-speaking lands and senses of the word, two days out will be translated for use in other from Seattle. Here are the largest countries throughout the world. glaciers in the habitable world to The year 1930 promises to be sigbe seen in a temperature congenial nificant in the history of the to the normal American; and here Church. Most of the denominaare canneries whose output in a tions are. planning to observe it as single year amounts to ten millions the nineteen hundredth anniverof dollars. In fact, when Russia sary of Pentecost, and. have desold Alaska she gave away "valleys clared their purpose to make it a yellow with gold, mountains full year of intercession for the o~t­ of copper and coal, waters alive pouring of the same Power whIch with fish, and fur-bearing animals was bestowed upon the disciples in and scenery as sublime as any in the first century. the world." Suggested themes are: In similar fashion our people ought to know something of the Texts for Sunday Sermons, January 5: spiritual needs of the great North country. They ought to be taken Behold how good and how pleasant it on pilgrimages of investigation is to'dwell together in unity ….. for under the guidance of their pastors there the Lord commanded the blesswhere possible, that they may see ing, even life forevermore (Psalm 133).

That they may all be one, that the world may believe that Thou hast for themselves the desperate needs sent Me (St. John 17, 20-21). of some of these parishes and the Endeavoring to keep the unity of th;e pitiful inadequacy of the equipment Spirit in the bond of peace (EpheSIwith which Christ's servants have ans 4, 3). to work. Time and again as I sur- Blessed be the Lord God, Who only veyed some need, I wished for the doeth wondrous things: and let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen an.d Amen (Psalm 72, 18-19).

presence of some of my parish- Monday, January 6: ioners to whom God had given of Christian Unity; Thanksgiving and Confession. this world's goods in the hope that some special object might appeal Tuesday, January 7: The Church Universal.

to this one or that one, and the Wednesday, January 8: International Friendship and Cooperneed be met. If any who read these ation. lines shall be persuaded to make an adventure of a summer trip Thursday, January 9: Foreign Missions.

thither and should regret the same, Friday, January 10: if they will communicate with this Family, School and University Life. author he will put his hand down Saturday, January 11: Home Missions.

into his pocket and—criticize them Copies may he secured from The Federal for their poor taste. Council, 105 FJast 22d St., New York, at $1.50 per 100.

FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL

AMERICA BY THE REV. OTIS CAREY, D.D.

1110r Forty YCtW8 Mi88ianM"V of the A. B. O. P ..ZlI. in Japan I N ANSWERING this question vessel in which he sailed was cap- one perhaps thinks of the Jud- tured July 23, 1803, by an English sons and Newells, who sailed Guineaman and afterwards taken from Salem, Mass., February 19, possession of by an English Man- 1812; or recalls the statement in of-War and carried into Barbadoes, some books that Mr. and Mrs. Nott, from which place he went to Cu- Mr. Hall and Mr. Rice sailed Feb- racoa, and being entirely destitute ruary 18 from Philadelphia. Their and incapable of prosecuting his ship, however, did not leave the voyage, he came to this city and waters of the United States until has cast himself upon the care of February 24, and by that time the the Society."

Salem boat' was well on its way. The directors voted "to take him The inquiry is not confined to under their care," and appointed a American missionaries. An old committee to provide his board and volume of The Baptist Missionary lodging in New York, his passage Magazine, published in Boston, in- to Amsterdam, and needed clothing cludes a letter dated May 21, 1804, for his comfort during the voyage.

that tells of the arrival in New May 30, the committee reported York of three missionary families that it had unexpectedly found a of The Baptist Missionary Society vessel going directly to the Cape of of England who, being unable to Good Hope. The directors there- get direct passage from their own fore authorized them to procure country to India, had come to take passage in it, and Mr. Schmidt was an American boat. This they did soon on his way to the land for soon after the letter was written. which he had set forth nearly two In them the answer to our ques- years before. Nov. 2, his Mission tion would appear to be found, sent a letter from Good Hope tell- were it not for some items con- ing of his arrival and thanking the tained in the old record-books of Society for what it had done in his The New York Missionary So- behalf. Thus, unless some earlier ciety, which tell of another person, candidate appears, our question whose date of sailing was a few must be answered by the name of days earlier than theirs. At the Mr. Schmidt.

meeting of the directors of this It may seem that the accounts of Society, April 23, 1804, there was these English and Dutch persons introduced Erasmus Schmidt, a have little to do with the history of missionary of The Netherland American missions; but during Missionary Society. He had been their sojourn in this country they, appointed a catechist for work in by addresses in the churches and South Africa, had embarked for in other ways, increased and wid- that country in September, 1802; ened the new interest that Chris- but "after being twice blown off tians were taking in giving the the coast of Africa to Brazil, the Gospel to those hitherto without it.

42

UNION IN SOUTH

BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., New York ~MONG the notable events of the uniting Churches that all actions of the year was the annuaI the united Church will be regulated by meeting of the Continuation the principle that it should maintain fel- Committee appointed by the World lowship with all those branches of the Conference on FaI.thaO nd dr er that was held at Lausanne, Swit- Church of Christ with which the unitzerland, in 1927. The meeting was ing Churches now severally enjoy such held in the Maloja Palace Hotel, fellowship, and that it should constantly seek to widen and strengthen this fel- lowship and to work towards the goal ~~ i~~ ~~~~;~o~f ic~:1~t~ody of all parts near St. Moritz, Switzerland, (3) It is also the hope of the uniting whose owner, Sir Henry Lunn, of Churches that their union will be a London, had made generous pro- means to the greater progress of the vision for the meeting. Fifty-eight Gospel in India, in fulfillment of the members were present, represent- Master's own prayer when He said, ing practically all of the historic communions of the Protestant and "That they may all be one . . . that the the Eastern Orthodox churches world may believe that thou didst send throughout the world. me." The result of union should be not merely greater fellowship and peace The special event of interest within the Church and greater eagerness from the viewpoint of missionary for the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ but also a greater release of divine' power and greater effectiveness for the establishment of His Kingdom on earth.

work was the "Proposed Scheme of Under the heading of "Faith and Union prepared by the Committee Order," the report avows "the of the Church of India, Burma and faith which the Church has ever Ceylon, the South India United held in Jesus Christ the Redeemer Church, and the South India Pro- of mankind …… being Himself vincial Synod of the Wesleyan God incarnate" ; "accepts the Methodist Church, for presentation Scriptures of the Old and New Tes- to the governing bodies of those taments as containing all things churches in India and elsewhere." necessary to salvation and as the This was presented by the Angli- ultimate standard of faith"; and can Bishop of Bombay in a printed the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds pamphlet of seventy pages. "as witnessing to and safeguard- The purpose and nature of the ing that faith."

union were defined as follows: The usually difficult problem re- (1) The uniting Churches are agreed garding bishops is solved by an that in every effort to bring together agreement that the United Church is to have "the historic episcopate doniveidoerdgamniezmatbieorns, othfe Cfhinrailst'asimBomdyustinbtoe the union of all who acknowledge the in a constitutional form as part of name of Christ in the Universal Church, their basis of union, without inand that the test of all local schemes of impIy, t union is that they should express locally tending thereby to or 0 exthe prin<!iple of the great catholic unity of the Body of Christ. Their desire, press a judgment on, any theory tihnerSeofourteh, Iins dsioa ttohaotrgiatniszhealtlhegiCvehutrhche concerning episcopacy." Indian expressiou of the spirit, the On membership and the validity thought and the life of the Church Universal. of the ordination of all ministers in the uniting churches, the plan (2) It is the intention and the hope of provides as follows: 43

"All persons who at the time of the judge details of the proposal, but union are communicant members of any of the uniting churches in the area of it declared: the union shall have the privileges and We welcome the statement with which responsibilities of communicant members it is prefaced that "unity of the Spirit of the United Church, and as such shall must find expression in the Faith and be at liberty to receive communion in Order of the Church, in its worship, in any of its churches." The Bishops of its organization and in its whole life." the dioceses concerned "shall be accepted We believe with them that their union, as bishops of the United Church"; and if carried out on right Jines, would re- "all the other ministers of the uniting sult in greater fellowship and peace churches in the area of the union shall within the Church and greater eagerbe acknowledged as ministers of the ness and effectiveness in the proclama- Word and of the Sacraments in the tion of the Gospel of Christ. United Church, each retaining the standing which he had before union in his In this connection, reference own Church ….. The United Church will seek to be in full communion with the may be made to the general fact churches of the Anglican Communion, that the movement for closer union and equally to be in such relations of and cooperation of the people of communion and fellowship with other God both at home and abroad has Churches as are now maintained with made notable advance during the those Churches by the South India United Church and the Wesleyan past year. Some long desired un- Church in South India." "For the thirty years succeeding the ions have been consummated, not- inauguration of the union, the ministers ably that of the Established and of any Church whose missions have United Free Churches of Scotland. founded the originally separate parts of the United Church may be received as A considerable number of pending ministers of the United Church, if they movements are making encourag- are willing to give the same assent to ing progress, and some new ones the Basis of Union and the same promise to accept the Constitution of the United have been inaugurated. It is evi- Church as will be required from persons dent that there is a growing feeling about to be ordained or employed for· the first time in that Church. After this that the time has come to make period of thirty years, the United more earnest and vigorous effort Church will consider and decide the to carry out the prayer of our Lord question of such exceptions to the general principle of an episcopally ordained "that they may all be one."

ministry." It is significant that the· move- Our space limits do not permit ment for union has made greater further citations. The whole re- progress on the foreign field than port deserves thoughtful and at home. Face to face with the prayerful consideration. It is tremendous problems of the nonarousing deep interest throughout Christian world, missionaries and the whole foreign missionary field native Christians have felt the abas well as among the home solute necessity of getting together churches of America and Great in order that they may unitedly Britain. The plan is to be passed press their efforts for the evangelupon by the governing bodies of ization of the millions of people the uniting churches in India and who have not yet heard of Christ. elsewhere, and it is of course pos- We are gratified to add that the sible that difficulties may yet de- Continuation Committee of the velop. It is significant, however, WorId Conference on Faith and that the various interests con- Order is planning to make a special cerned in South India have agreed feature, at its next meeting, of the to the plan by a large majority. unions that have been consum- The Continuation Committee at mated in Japan, China, the Philip- Maloja did not feel free to pre- pines, and other mission fields.

BEYOND OUR SPIRITUAL .INCOME

BY THE REV. D. J. FLEMING, D.D.

Pro!e880'l' oj 111is8io'nsJ Un'ion Theological Seminary, New York A TRIP of five weeks inspecting in recreation or study back in the missions in the Antilles is States. Young women can be bound to leave many impres- found for these posts who are sions. One of them is indelibly drawn by the novel beauty of made by the great majority of the tropical lands, by palm-fringed workers-you cannot help but take plazas, by great stretches of sugar "knowledge of them that they have cane, by ancient forts recalling the been with Jesus." In their tender romantic history of daring pirates concern for the people, in resource- or of the conquistadores of Spain, fulness, in creative love they are by the romance of months in an embodying the God-life. There is environment full of reminders of something about the way they an old civilization. But the head touch their patients or introduce of this school tells us that teachers their old pupils or share their with a warm, vital Christian life vision for th'e future that is con- which they are eager to share are vincing. Before them mountains very difficult to secure. Why is it are being removed-certainly they that from our Sunday-schools and care enough to long that they Christian colleges such a near and should be removed. In such per- strategic opportunity should not sons is manifested love-and love be overwhelmingly met? is of God. Not every worker produces this impression. But the A similar question arises as one divine life is there, and where this is shown through a hospital-the quality of life is, rivers of living outstanding medical institution in water are flowing. a whole republic.. There are the beds-a hundred of them. There But another impression follows are the patients. But at the .top hard upon the first-an impression there does not seem to be an apgailled not so much from our own preciation of the spiritual signifiobservation as from statements cance of this potentially impormade by those earnest spirits we tant institution. Why cannot the have just been describing, viz., that churches of three of the largest our American churches are living denominations of the United States beyond their spiritual income. turn out a consecrated Christian Here is a lovely girls' boarding director for this hospital?

school not more than four days There were other places where away from New York. Most of it was the Christian nurse that the future wives of the evangelical was lacking. Plenty of efficiently leaders of an island people are to trained workers could be found come from this school. The knowl- . who would go to these near-by edge of Spanish is not absolutely islands for the novelty, or for a necessary. Teachers from the job, and who would spend their north would be accepted for terms off-time at the club and come in of three years, or even of one late at night. From a professional year. Each summer could be spent standpoint they do their work. But 45

why did we so often hear the la- missions. But never before have ment that it is hard to get nurses I been so struck with the apparent with a missionary passion? spiritual poverty of our home churches. Possibly this impres- We saw buildings and institu- sion was due to the proximity of tions. Relatively these are easy Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and gifts for a great land with eco- Porto Rico to the United States. nomic surplus. But the personnel Separations need not be long. fully to run the institutions-the Adaptations to an alien civilization life amply to suffuse these build- are not so severe as in the Orient. ings – was sometimes lacking. The language is much easier to Wanted missionary minded teach- master. And yet even here those on the spot say that we are underers, doctors, nurses! When we manned with contagiously Chriscan buy the land, put up the school tian lives. buildings, and provide the latest X-ray apparatus or operating We are convinced that in Christ, room, but do not raise up enough embodying as He does the selfot those who are eager to use this revelation of God to man, there is material equipment for the deepest truth of inestimable significance to Kingdom purpose it is a fair ques- every human being. God grant that we may show that belief by tion whether we are not as Amer- allowing His power to demonstrate ican churches living beyond our itself by its great out-workingspiritual income. beginning with ourselves.

I have been twice around the world in close touch with Christian DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER T HE cause of missions sus- was a Director and liberal support- tained a heavy loss in the er of the Seacoast Mission, and oth- death, August 28th, of Mrs. er Christian and philanthropic A. F. Schauffier, of New York. She enterprises. She was one of the was a remarkably devoted and gen- stockholders of the REVIEW, reguerous friend and supporter of mis- larly attended their meetings, and sionary work at home and abroad. manifested keen interest in every Prior to marriage to the late Rev. department of the magazine. A. F. Schauffier in 1884, she was active in Sunday-school work and Her interest in foreign missions in the Woman's Branch of the New was deep and strong. She was York City Mission. These activi- widely read in missionary literaties she continued for many years. ture. She was familiar with all In 1902 she became Secretary of missionary books, and she bought the Woman's Branch of the City almost every new one that ap- Mission, in 1915 its Director, and peared. Her resume of recent mison her retirement in 1925 at the sionary literature at the monthly age of eighty-two, the Board of meetings of the Woman's Mission- Managers elected her Honorary ary Society was remarkably able. Chairman. In her summer home She poured out her money for miswith her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken- sions without stint, giving largely nedy, at Bar Harbor, Maine, she to her denominational boards and to several undenominational agen-

DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER

cies, and constantly sending checks nedy, on her 86th birthday, closing and other presents to missionaries an earthly life of not only excepin various lands. Her mail was tional length but exceptional useheavy, but she read every letter, fulness. She was a woman who ana her sympathetic heart united to a rare degree, beauty and prompted generous response to ap- strength of Christian character. peals. There are buildings in several missions that she erected, and Christian workers in many parts hundreds of missionaries have sub- of the world sorrow in the death stantial reasons for knowing her of this devoted servant of God. personal interest in their welfare. But sorrow is mingled with thanks- She regarded her money as a sa- MUS. A. 1<'. SCHAUFFLEIl cred trust and she found her greatest joy in using it for the advance- giving for the abundant good that ment of the cause of Christ and the she did and the gracious influence assistance of Christian workers. of a life unreservedly consecrated She gave. away practically all of to the cause of missions. The alaher income, except the amount re- baster box of ointment is broken, quired for her modest living ex- but the place is filled with the odor of the ointment. May we not say penses, and in her will she of her passing from earth what bequeathed most of her property Bunyan wrote of Christiana: to missionary agencies at home and abroad. Her skill in presenting "Now the day drew on that she missions to young people was hap- must be gone. And behold all the pily illustrated in a missionary banks beyond the river were full of horses and chariots which were service in the Sunday-school of Oli- come down from above to accomvet Church in the tenement house pany her to the city gate. So she came forth, and entered the river, district of the East Side in New with a beckon of farewell to those York, at which she presided. She that followed her to the riverside."

represented mission stations on the A. J. B. foreign field by candles, and in her explanatory talk to the children she said:.

The secret of all successful work for children in missions is for the leader to be full of enthusiasm and information. Tell over and over again where the money. goes, and what it accomplishes in the field. The best exercise we ever had in Olivet was when a large map of the world was spread on the platform and twenty children came up, one by one, carrying lighted candles which were placed on the stations to which the money from Olivet is sent, while the leader explained how the light from Olivet was shining in Africa and India and brightening places which, but for Olivet, would be dark. The children looked and listened and never forgot the lesson learned.

Mrs. Schauffler passed to her heavenly home at the summer home of her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken-

OF THE

The Editor's Visit to Asia including visits to missions in Bom- bay, Poona, Miraj, Ahmednagar, Hy- The Editor of the REVIEW, Mr. De- derabad, Vellore, Madras, Madura, and lavan L. Pierson, with Mrs. Pierson, Donhavur in South India. Visits to sailed December 2 for an absence of North India stations are to include about a year, during which time they Lahore, Ambala, Lucknow, Allahabad, will visit missionaries in Asia. Their Nowgong, Central Provinces (where itinerary is approximately as follows: Mr. Pierson's sister died), Benares and Calcutta. Sailing from Calcutta, Leaving New York on the S.S. Em- they will visit Rangoon, Burma, Bang- kok and Chengmai, Siam. From thence they will go by way of Singa- pore to Hongkong and Canton, China.

The length of stay in China will de- pend somewhat on the political situa- tion, but they hope to reach Shanghai about April 1 and from there to go on to Nanking, Hangkow and Changsha, later visiting Pautingfu, Tsinanfu, and Peking. Journeying northward through Mukden, Manchuria, they ex- pect to reach Korea about May 15, visiting Sunchun, Pyengyang, Seoul (where there is a Bible school erected to the memory of Dr. Arthur T. Pier- son) and Taiku. From thence the route lies to Japan by way of Shi- monoseki (where Mr. Pierson's sister, Mrs. Frederick S. Curtis, and her hus- band labored for many years) to Na- gasaki, Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, Hatchi- man, where the Omi Mission is located, Tokio and Yokohama.

DEJ.AVAN L. PIERSON The specific dates for various points are not definitely fixed as their plans press of Australia December 2, going are somewhat elastic in order to have to the Mediterranean by way of Ma- liberty to follow the leading of God deira, Algiers, Naples, Athens and en route. They expect to return via Haifa. They expect to be in Egypt, Hawaii and San Francisco and to December 25 to January 1; then to reach New York about October first.

go by aeroplane to Baghdad to visit In this journey Mr. and Mrs. Pier- the United Mission in Mesopotamia, son are carrying out a long cherished including a visit to ancient Babylon desire to see on the field and at their and Ur of the Chaldees and sailing work the missionaries in whom they from Basrah to India, January 11. have so long been prayerfully inter- About seven weeks will be spent in ested and to the advancement of whose India, from January 18 to March 5, cause they have devoted so much of 48

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

their lives. Mr. Pierson has labored follows to the editor of one of his indefatigably and self-sacrificingly for church papers: many years to make the REVIEW a means of increasing interest and gifts A genuine bargain, this book-the and prayers for the world-wide work Annual Report of the Board of Foreign of the churches, and to bring to the Mission~osting but twenty-five cents missionaries in many lands messages -in bulk, with its 347 pages; in quality, of cheer and information regarding with its score of sepia cuts and outline the work and problems of missionaries maps, showing results of our missions in other fields which they might not throughout the world today; well- otherwise have means of knowing. He printed, thoroughly edited; in interest, has rendered a service of inestimable leading the reader on a mental and value to the cause of Christ and has spiritual journey through the great made the REVIEW indispensable to mis- countries of Asia, Africa and Latin sionaries and to their supporters in America, with accurate news and inter- the homeland. While he has become pretations of human life which are one of the best informed men regard- comprehensive and even profound and ing missionary work he has not hither- always sympathetic. It is well worth a to had opportunity to visit the Asiatic quarter and a few evenings' reading, fields on which the foreign mission- this best of our mission study books. aries labor. He and Mrs. Pierson set Our eyes are opened and our hearts' forth on thei~ journey with eager an- faith revived, as we read in these livticipation, and we are sure that the ing pages of those who are coming to results of their tour will be further the help of the Lord against the mighty. enrichment of the value of the REVIEW. He has promised to write a series of What Mr. Cooke wrote of the annual letters regarding their experiences report of his denominational board and observations which will be pub- might be said of the reports of other lished in the REVIEW, and will be read boards. We hope that our readers with keen interest. who have not seen the reports of their church boards will write to their Sec- During his absence, the editorial retaries for copies. They will find the chair will be occupied by the Rev. Dr. volumes packed with interesting and Arthur J. Brown, as explained in the important facts regarding the world- December number of the REVIEW. He wide work of their respective churches. is confident that readers will follow Mr. and Mrs. Pierson with special The Scope of Modern Foreign prayer that God may give them a safe journey, bring an abundant blessing Missions to the missionaries, and in turn receive rich reflex blessing for them- Statistics are said to be dry; but selves. surely not those that epitomise the onward sweep of the Kingdom of God "The Best Mission Study on earth. It is heartening to remind ourselves of the figures compiled by Books" those high authorities, Harlan P. Beach and Charles H. Fahs in the How many members of home World Missionary Atlas. They show churches read the annual reports of that throughout the non-Christian their Boards of Home and Foreign world of today, 29,188 foreign mis- Missions? They are supposed to be sionaries and 151,735 native workers dry and uninteresting. But a Penn- are conducting Christian work in 4,- sylvania pastor, the Rev. William B. 598 stations and 50,513 outstations; Cooke, who had taken the trouble to 36,246 churches with 3,614,154 comread the annual report of the Foreign municants shine like stars amid the Board of his denomination, wrote as darkness of the non-Christian world. Adherents swell the number of the 4 Christian community to 8,342,378, and an uncounted host stands upon the threshold of the Kingdom; 2,440,148 pupils are being educated in 50,079

missionary schools ranging from kin- that means only one in 80 of the popdergartens to great universities; 858 ulation. In Siam, only seven of the hospitals and 1,686 dispensaries 18 provinces have mission stations, treated in a recent year 4,788,258 pa- and two men and their wives are trytients in the name and spirit of the ing to cover a field as large as Ver- Great Physician. Millions of pages mont and New Hampshire with a popof tracts, books and periodicals are ulation larger than that of St. Paul. annually published. The Bible is be- In the whole non-Christian world there ing distributed in 853 languages and is only one missionary for every 36,- dialects at the rate of over 11,000,000 727 of the population. Dr. Arthur copies a year. The British and For- Mitchell's heart almost broke as on a eign Bible Society prints five tons of night ride on a Chinese river he saw Bibles every day, and the American city after city and not a man to tell Bible Society since its founding in them of the true God. "What can we 1816 has issued 70,082,448 volumes. do?" cried a lonely worker in Africa, The breadth of Christ-like sympathy "but pray without ceasing to God that is movingly exemplified in a great hos- He will bring the needs of Africa so pital for the insane, 104 leper asylums, vividly before the Church that it will 32 schools for the blind and deaf, and make our weak hands strong in deliv- 361 orphanages. For this vast and ering the message of a living Saviour varied work the churches of Europe to a dying people!" "Say not ye, there and America' in a recent year gave are yet four months, and then cometh $69,555,148. harvest? Behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; The very recital of such statistics for they are white already to harvest." impresses one with the magnitude of the enterprise. Dry though they A. J. B. sound, to him who knows their meaning, as a missionary once said, they SUMMARY OF INCOME AND EXare clothed with the flesh and blood PENDITURES OF NINETY-TWO of those whose life work they repre- BOARDS IN NORTH AMERsent. ICA IN 1928 It is a wonderful record when one Reported by Mr.. Leslie B. Moss, considers the comparatively brief peri- Secretary of the Committee of Refod in which missionary work has been erence and Counsel of the Foreign conducted, the difficulty of inducing Missions Conference of North Amerpeople to change hereditary beliefs, ica. the limited resources of mission boards and their support by only a part of the Income from living donors $33.867.920.50 membership of the home churches. IuC'ome from other sources 6.584.084.31 Foreign Missions are not only the vastest but the most successful of the 1'otal income ………… . $40.452.004.81 varied enterprises of the Christian Church. One thanks God and takes Exppnditnres for: courage. Africa . . . . . . . . ~2,ti77.362. 45 Near East and But when one thinks of the work North Africa. 2.467.441. 64 yet to be done, exultance gives way to India …….. 6.735.462.24 anxiety: 164,700 Christians in Japan! China …….. 6,559,448.45 But 66,000,000 people in Japan of Korea …….. 1,508,065.93 whom forty million have never heard .Tapan …….. 3.709.168.58 of Christ; 800,000 Christians in Philippine Is- China! But 438,000,000 people in lands …… 833.716. RS China and only one missionary for Latin America* 4,380,844,29 every 52,000! Nearly five millions Countries not who tell the government census takers (Iesignated by in India that they are Christians! But boards ….. 2.988.772.10 'l'otal r,xpendltures for recurring purposes……………… 31.760.282.56 New property. eqllipmeht, und other special purposes ….. $8.691.722.25 * Reports not received from home mission boards conducting work in Latin Americ.ll.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions A Sunday-school method for develop- (5) What other denominations are at work in this field? ing knowledge of the bigness of the (6) What more needs to be done? church's responsibility for making (7) What more can we do? Christ known; also of the results thus far achieved. In addition, it will lift IV. When your denominational divi- sions are pasted on the outline the interdenominational horizon. map, have a talented boy to Devote ten minutes to this method paste on all other divisions, naming each as he does so, and on each of the twelve missionary Sun- the denominations at work in days. each. Let him close with state- ment of amount per capita METHOD given by your denomination to fulfill the command of the I. Very large map of world with world's Saviour to spread the geographical divisions in out- Gospel of Redemption through- line. (This to be hung up for out the earth, (pastor needed). the missionary period each month and taken down im- KOTE :-This win mean research and hard mediately thereafter. It must work. If the classps ure rightly approu('hed in be kept fresh and clean.) pr~senting this method of visualizing the work hoth at home and abroad, they will gladly un- II. Geographical divisions of each dertake a pie('e of study Which will appeal to them as worth the cundle. The young folks continent in colors made out are tired of huving the Christ's work handed of paper or cloth, durable to them on a platter of ease; they know that enough to hold up well after this is not the way in Which it will he ac- being pasted on the outline complished; they are champing the bits for map. hard jobs, while the majority of so-called mis- siomrry leadcl"S' are treating" them either as III. Assign definite geographical divi- children or "uninterested youth." On with sions to definite classes, each hard tasks for our splendid youth! Thpy will to be reported on at a specific measure up! 'Ve nre the ones at fault.

date at which time the presi- MOTHER INDIA'S CHILDREN dent of the class or other chosen one pastes its division By MISS LAURA DEWITT SOPER, on the outline map in the pres- ence of entire school; report Bakersfield, Calif. to consist of following items Scene: given by as many different in- dividuals as possible: A wayside shrine, in any setting typical of India. (1) What Home or Foreign missionary work has our denomination in Characters: this world geographical division? Mother India, ragged, travel-stained, (2) Where is our work? exhausted. A Poet, dressed in flowing robes, (3) Name of one worker. white hair and beard hanging loose, sandals.

A Warrior, in fighting garb of (4) Approximately how much in- kahki, with turban, knife, and short vested by our local church in this sword.

division? (pastor's help required at A Priest, in saffron robes and carry- this point). ing rosary.

51

A Chela, with begging bowl. Future-Has she no children who A Scholar, dressed in semi-European will care for her? fashion, alert, important. A Skilled Craftsman, bearing a bowl Mother India-(Proudly) Yes, I of carved brass. have many children who have wrought A Far.mer, with rice and grains tied splendidly for me. They are noble in knotted cloth slung over his and illustrious. For me they would shoulder. lay down their very lives. A sma!/' group of women, dressed in saris and bringing with them beautiful Present-Then where are they? silken scarves. Why do they not come to you in your Outcaste Man, dressed poorly but need? neatly in white dhoti, blue cotton coat, and dark turban. (Select this char- Mother India-Ah, I am old, so very acter most carefully.) old, and they are young. Their days The Present, wearing a classic white are filled with the cares and hardrobe draped with gray gauze scarves. ships of youth. In a little while, in a The Future, classic robes of pure little while, when they have time they white. will come.

As curtain rises, Mother India is Present-But in the meantime you discovered feebly trying to worship at will perish. Can we not call them to the shrine. She falls in a little ex- you now? Is there none to find them? hausted heap beside the road. Enter the Present and the Future. The Future-I go to call them. At my Present discovers Mother India and bidding they will come, bearing loyal goes over to her. The Future waits gifts for their beloved Mother. In a at one side of stage. few moments I shall return with them. Do you in the meantime minister to Present-Oh, poor Mother India. her needs. What has happened? Why are you here beside the road, so weary and FUTURE LEAVES PLATFORM disconsolate? The Present kneels beside Mother Mother Indiu—-Daughter, I have India, helping her to recline more journeyed far and the weariness of the comfortably; straightens her garyears is upon me. ments; and ministers to her tenderly. The Future returns leading all of Present·-Whence have you come, Mother India's c;hildren. The Poet, Mother? the Priest, and the Scholar approach Mother India. The Warrior and the Mother India-I have come from the Craftsman stand a little at one side. far boundaries of my own past. Out The women group themselves at her of the misty beginnings of civilization feet or crouch near her head. The I come, seeking fulfillment and peace. Farmer stands deferentially at the I have come at last to the end of the far side, and the Outcaste man stops, journey here by this wayside shrine. barely inside the stage entrance.) Present-But how ragged and dusty Pt'esent-See, Children of India, your garments are! your beloved Mother lies here by the roadside, exhausted and ill. Can we Mother India-They have been torn not aid her? on many a briar and drenched with many a storm. Poet-Oh, beloved Mother, it grieves us to see thee thus stricken with weari- Present-Why do you not rise, ness and pain. Too long hast thou Mother? It is the hour for prayer. gathered dry sticks in the forest; too long hast thou cut the sheaves of Mother India-Alas! I can no longer brown grass on the barren hillsides. rise. My strength faileth me. Arise, cease from toil, take the while lotus of love which flowers in our Present (To the Future) Oh, what hearts for thee, and walk with us the shall we do? We cannot leave her here upon the road to perish alone.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

paths of blessed peace. (He lays a hold the bowl which my hands have flower beside her.) carved. This, Mother, is yours. You are hungry and thirsty. Eat and drink Mother India-Ah, beautiful is your that strength may return to you. flower, my son. My heart is made glad by your offering. (She touches it Mother India-How shall I eat from reverently, but does not lift it.) your bowl of loveliness when my bags are empty? Since I have been on my Warrior-CStepping forward brisk- journey, my rice has all been eaten ly), Nay, what cares our Mother now and my water skin is empty. I faint for flowers of love and paths of peace? with hunger. The world is knocking at her portals to carry away her treasure. She has Farmer-Here is grain, Mother, and need of strong arms and brave hearts. here are fruits from the trees in my Mother, arise and lean upon me. I field. Let mine be the hand that fills shall turn away those who would op- your bowl. pose you. Come, let me help you rise. Scholar-CLording it a bit.) Dh, Mother India-Nay, but I am tired, foolish brothers and sisters, while we son. Your swords have clashed in my argue, our Mother dies. Let us make ears so long. Leave me in peace, a litter of our cloaks and carry her to though it be but to die. her rest. Sisters, lift the grain and water skin. Let us make haste. Priest-Flowers of love and sword of warfare a.like are vain. Come with (The children all crowd around. me to the Shrine, Mother. There shall From their shawls and sticks they you make offering to the gods ….. . construct a rude litter. Mother India is lifted upon it. The litter is lifted Chela-(Pushing in suddenly from to the shoulders of the Warrior, edge of crowd.) Better that you should Farmer, Craftsman, and Scholar. The fill the bowl of this priestly son of women gather up the bowl, the flower, yours. Give to him that he may bless and the veils which have fallen, and you. Perchance a deed of generosity the grain and fruit. (The Priest leads may win merit to raise you from this the way.) (The Dutcaste remains at dusty bed. one side.) (The Poet following.) Mother India-Leave me to die. Priest-Come, let us take her to the How can I give to you that which I holy waters of the Ganges. There behave not? side the blessed stream, waiting in prayer, our Mother shall find healing. Women-Deal' Mother, we bring veils for your shrouding. It is not Mother India-Not, so, my son. fitting that you should lie here before Each year have I made the pilgrimage the sight of all who pass by. These to Benares or Hardwar, but behold, I ragged garments should be covered am no whit better. that you be not mocked in your sorrow. Place your arms about our Priest-Then let us carry you to shoulders and we shall raise you. Lean the hills, to Badranath, the most upon us and we shall lead you into sacred, where Mother Ganges springs the seclusion of our home where you as a tiny rivulet from the cool arms may rest undisturbed by the curious. of the glacier. The way is long, but we, your sons, will carry you. Mother India-Daughters of the gentle voices and the tender hands, I Mother India-Not so, not so. Two would go with you but I cannot rise. hundred miles beyond Hardwar into These limbs refuse to bear me further. the frozen hills! The weariness of death is upon me. Carry me not to Women~CSpeaking with veiled the hills. I am weary, weary, so weary. faces to the men.) Brothers, behold our Mother is ill and unable to rise. Warrior-Let us leave her here in Cannot you help us carry her to our the care of her daughters for a time home? while we unsheathe our swords and drive the stranger from her home. Craftsman-Before you take her Behold, from the far corners of the away, let me make a gift for her. Be-

earth, the foreigner has crowded in Outcuste-You speak truly. I would upon us until there iSJlo place left for not lead. I can only point to One who our beloved Mother to lie down to has called to us, "Follow me." He is rest. Let us to battle! able to lead us where there is healing Present-Peace, brother; too long for all, even for such as I. Have I has the sword been unsheathed in this not followed Him and learned of His fair land. They that live by the sword strange power?

shall also perish by the sword. Not Scholar-Do you say you have thus can you serve your Mother in her learned? How can that be ? You who need. have brains only for the menial tasks!

Poet–Bring her hither, my broth- Have not our holy books made it a ers, to the retreat where we poets and sin even to read their sacred pages in philosophers live. She shall lie at ease your presence? How then do you talk upon the green grass, where perfumed of learning?

fountains cast up their rainbow spray. Outcaste-It is true, brother, that We shall plant hedges of hibiscus and through the centuries we have been fragrant jasmine about her that she stupid and ignorant. I have been as be not tormented by the sight of the poor dumb beast until this great misery …… . Teacher of whom I tell you has made Farmer- (Interrupting.) And me to understand many things. I have would you then carry her away from read in the Blessed Book ….. .

us? In the years when the crops fail, Priest-CAstonished.) You have when disease walks through our vil- read the sacred books?

lages, or when poverty bends us low Outcaste-Nat your sacred books, shall we not be able to come before brother. The Book that tells of this our Mother for comfort and counsel? Great Physician ….. .

Scholar-Hush, villager, your com- (THEY SET LITTER DOWN AGAIN AS plainings trouble her. What have we THEY ARGUE.) to do with the voice of misery? Let us go forth to tell the world of her Mother India-The Physician! The glorious achievements. Hearing of Physician! Where is this worker of these all will love her and she shall miracles? Will He trouble to heal be exalted among the nations. me, a woman?

Future-Is there none among you Outcastf!–Yes, mother, He is tender who can lead? Poet, Priest, Scholar, and compassionate toward all.

can you not rally your brothers and Mother India–Then take me to sisters about you, or will you argue Him, my children, before I die.

together hopelessly while the Mother Wome11!–Come, let us find Him lies dying before you? Who will take quickly while there is hope. Forward, my hand and lead us to a place of brothers.

hope? Warrior-But who shall point us Outcaste-(Humbly.) Oh, my the way? Can you tell us which path brothers and sisters, hear me. I am to take, Poet?

poor and humble. No lotus blooms in Poet-Not I. The paths where my the tanks of my village; no bowls of feet wander are pleasant but lonely.

carven brass or scarves of silk can I I know not where this wonder worker bring in offering to the Mother whom lives.

I too love. My grain and my fruit she Warrior-Thou, Priest! Cans't thou must not eat, for I am untouchable. tell us?

But I have heard of One who can heal Priest-I have heard of Him, but her illness and I can guide you to the I know not where He dwells nor the dwelling place of the Great Physician. way of discovery.

Priest-(Scornfully.) You? What Warrior-CTo Scholar.) Then it is can you do save follow? We are the for you, learned one, to lead us. For- ones whose destiny it is to lead. ward and we shall follow.

Scholar-Alas, I have searched but Outcaste-(Turning to speak to the the way is clouded with the mists of little group just before they leave the uncertainty. I, too, would find the stage.) Teacher, but I search in vain. When we have found him, let us Future.-Oh, Children of India, lay kneel before Him and offer Him the aside your confusions and your pride. devotion of our hearts, for He is This lowly one among you bears testi- worthy. And His name is a name mony to the One who alone can heal above all names-Jesus the Christ. the grievous ills of the beloved Mother. He has followed and found the Teacher (Mother India rises to sitting posiand Healer for whom the whole world tion and lifts her joined hands high.) waits. Follow and He will lead you to the Teacher's feet. (To Outcaste.) Mother India-Jesus ! J esus ! the Humble one, speak plainly. Where Christ! He it is that shall heal me of dwelleth the Blessed One? How shall this weariness. To Jesus be praise! we find Him and how is His name called? Come, I will go with you to All-CAs they pass out of sight.) find Him. (She stretches her hand to Jesus! Jesus the Christ! to Jesus be the Outcaste who takes it as he steps praise! to head of line.) END. Outcaste.-His dwelling I know. It is not in the shrine or in the retreat. NOTE :~-Use with the presentation of tho It is out among the restless weary ahuve demonstration, the two Indi.a songs found ones. He dwelleth in a house not in the Methods Department of the December made with hands. The way I know issue. for He led me and I followed and found peace. Come and we shall guide WONDERFUL WORK you to Him. We will lay our Mother at His feet, for He will heal and raise It's wonderful work, they're saying, when her that she may shine forth like a men put over a scheme, jewel among the nations. But the wonder of all was the laying of Warrior~(Fingering his sword.) the outlines and the dream, And shall we meet with dangers upon the path, or shall we need to force our The bringing to birth of the fancy, the way into His presence? setting the heart aglow Outcaste-Dangers and trials there With visions of use and beauty that the will be, but with swords and fightings work might be builded so. we may not approach, for He is the Prince of Peace. It's wonderful work, they're saying, of the things men do each day, All-(Shouldering the litter again.) Let us go forward! (They move off But the wonder began in the dreaming with the Outcaste and the Future lead- of the light, the truth and the way; ing, the Present following last.) And somewhere the heart and the spirit, Mother India-Now shall I find rest the hope and the faith and the trust and healing. The strong arms of my sons are carrying me where there is Of a dreamer were forming the structure life and light. My daughters are with that the builder lifts from the dust. me. Their loving devotion brings joy -B. B., in "Baltimore Sun." and refreshment to me. With my children about me to uphold me I shall (The above method of progress is find the healing for which I long. dedicated to the young missionary worker who is dreaming great dreams Scholar-And when we have found of the possibilities of Christ's rule in the Teacher, how shall we address the hearts of folks and is fearful of Him? By what title shall we honor making them known lest he may be Him? called a dreamer.) TELEPHONE ANNOUNCEMENT Purchase two toy telephones. Place a table and chair at one side of plat- form or room and another chair op- posite. One announcer sits reading. The other announcer comes into the room, takes up the phone and calls a number. A bell rings. The reader takes up her phone, and during the conversation, an announcement is made of the next missionary meeting, and an invitation given to attend.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York WHAT CHINESE WOMEN ARE The government in China today is DOING standing for the political equality of men and women. Women are very By TING SHU CHING and KATHARINE generally being employed in govern- E. VAUGHN ment offices, many for clerical work and a few holding higher positions In these days which are on the bord- which necessitate the carrying of a er land of the period of reconstruction, good deal of responsibility. During full of activity along political, eco- the last twenty years women have taken an active part in the furthering of the revolution and as the nation settles down to the business of recon- struction there is every reason to be- lieve that an increasing number of government positions will be open to women who are qualified to serve their country in this way.

In Development of Rural Life A second concern is for the women in the country districts. U nti! recent- ly the Women's Movement has had to do mostly with a relatively small group of women, who have lived for the most part in the larger cities. It has felt this weakness, but it is looking now toward the time when country women TING SHU CHING shall be included in its activities. Much publicity is being given to the nomic and social lines, the question fact that some eighty-five per cent of arises of how much part Chinese wom- China's 400,000,000 people are living en are having in the up-bUilding of in country districts and villages, septhe nation and with what phases of it arated from each other and isolated they especially are concerning them- from the rest of China through lack selves. of means of communiCation. A direct result of the revolution has been that we are fast becoming more aware of this eighty-five per cent in the coun- try and that they are at the same time becoming more conscious of their own In Governmental Aft'airs strength. Much attention is being paid to The presence of women delegates at the third national conference held rural education. Popular education classes are being organized even in in Nanking in the spring of 1929, in- remote villages and learning to read dicates that they are concerning them- and write one thousand of the mast selves with the government. "Woman commonly used Chinese characters in delegate makes brilliant speech for four months time brings new life to women's rights," appeared in the head- the women in country districts.

lines of one of the conference reports. Churches and groups such as the Y.

56 W. C. A. are gladly joining in China's tional gatherings. Most recent was effort to bring education to the masses, the Pan-Pacific Conference held in especially to the women, looking to- Honolulu in August, 1928. Two Chi- ward the time when they may be bet- nese women went as delegates to that ter educated and more helpful citizens. conference to represent China in con- In Economic Independence sidering problems common to all coun- tries bordering on the Pacific.

Economic independence is a third In China, the National Council of concern of China's women today. The Women, organized for the development number of women who earn their own of women along lines of general knowl- living is constantly increasing. Most edge, social, economic and internation- professions are open to them, many al interests takes its place beside sim- are successful business women and the ilar National Councils in thirty-eight social service field has much to offer. other countries in affiliation with the In addition to these openings for International Council of Women. The trained workers there are endless fac- Young Women's Christian Association tories offering means of livelihood for as an international organization joins the less skilled. The development of the association in China with associa- large scale industry in China has given tion centers in forty-four other coun- work to many women. Cotton spin- tries and is an international fellowship ning and weaving, silk reeling, match for women who believe that Christian packing, cigarette wrapping, hosiery principles are at the root of right so- and embroidery works are all possible cial and economic development. Stu- means for at least a partial livelihood. dents in China are linked with student That the conditions under which movements in other countries through such work is done are far more satis- the World Student Christian Federa- factory is the concern of a steadily tion and the Christian movement it- increasing number of women who ap- self brings together Christian women preciate too, the need for education everywhere. Two years ago the Wom- for women and girls in modern indus- en's International League for Peace trial plants in order to prepare them and Freedom sent two representatives for the part that will be theirs in to China, one from England and one China's developing Labor Movement. from France, to acquaint themselves In this emerging Labor Movement with the problems of Chinese women women are being given a chance, but and to assure the women of China of there are as yet few qualified to take the sympathetic interest of women in it. To quote from a Chinese industrial the West.

worker: "The workers as well as those The status of women is changing who are interested in their welfare and it is changing with much less look forward to a genuine movement agitation than has often been possi- headed up by their own leaders and a ble for siIT,lilar changes in western working women's union to work for countries. The methods by which the women's welfare especially under the changes are accomplished are new to leadership of women with industrial the thinking of Chinese women.

employment." Group life and group thinking are in In International Aifairs contrast to the more individual think- ing when women remained so ex- A fourth concern is international in clusively within the walls of their own its nature. Chinese women are coming homes. New problems bring with more and more to have connections them the need for cooperation and for with women in other countries and to the sharing of responsibility. While consider with them questions which numerically speaking it is true that touch on the interests of women the the majority of the women of China world over. Chinese women have been may be living lives little, if at all, af- represented. in a number of interna- fected by the events of the last years,

it is also true that with each step in in charge of Miss Adams and Miss the economic development of the country the results of the revolution be- White. come more far reaching and touch the lives of far more people. It is the * * * ** concern of the women of China today Among those who spoke at the to prepare themselves for the time when the help of the Women's Move- meeting of the Executive Committee ment will be most needed in the reconstruction of the country. were Miss Josephine Schain, secretary NOTES FROM THE MEETING of the National Committee on the of the Executive Committee of the Fed- Cause and Cure of War. Miss Schain eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, 419 Fout·th gave a brief review of late develop- Avenue, New York City, November 7 and ments in connection with the World 8, 1929. Court and stressed the importance of The annual meeting will be held in Atlantic City at "The Breakers," Jan- keeping in touch with our senators uary 10-14. The theme for this meeting will. be: ."Spiritual Factors in a and congressmen that they may know World of Facts." our desires in regard to the World Miss Elinor White and Miss Alma Adams will be in charge of the wor- Court and World Peace. ship service throughout the Conference, with Miss Sarah Maloy at the Miss Bessie MacMurchy, a member piano. Saturday evening the speakers will tell of the interesting World Con- of the Executive Committee from ferences, the Havana Conference, the World Y. W. C. A., the Institute of Canada, speaking on international re- Pacific Relations, and the Paris Conference. lations work from the point of view Rev. Henry P. VanDusen and Miss of Canadian women, said in part: Helen Calder will have charge of the Sunday morning service. There will "The fact that Canada is a member of be a Vesper Service Sunday afternoon when Miss Bertha Conde will speak. the League of Nations gives much Sunday evening will be given over to four outstanding missionaries who help to us in our peace work. The will speak on "The Spiritual Implications of the Task." League of Nations Society which has Monday morning will be chiefly local branches in many places sends taken up with business, and in the afternoon "The World Federation of out a ·great deal of literature which Christian Women" and the Day of Prayer will be the chief topics for keeps us in close touch with all that consideration, and Miss Margaret Applegarth will have a Story Hour. is being done by the League. The Monday evening will be a gala oc- missionary magazines use this macasion, with a dinner and speeches by the Nationals of various countries, and terial constantly, putting it in form the closing session Tuesday morning will be a business session, ending with for the local women." a season of "Worship Through Music," Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, chairman of the Committee on International Rela- tions, brought many valuable recom- mendations from her committee, among which are the following: 1. That again we endorse the World Court and use our influence for the ratifications by the Senate of the new Protocol.

2. An active Campaign of Education concerning our relations as a government to the present situation of the World Court, and to the Naval Disarmament Conference to be held in London in January.

3. That the office of the Federation do everything in its power to secure a strong 'delegation of outstanding church women for the Cause and Cure of War Confer- ence in January, and that this Committee cooperate in ways deemed most effective.

4. The endorsement of the Treasure Chest Friendship Project.

5. That the Federation and Boards study carefully the report of the meeting of the Committee of the International Missionary Council, held at Williams- town in July.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretarlj, Council of Women for Home Missions SONSHIP opened by singing hymns, followed by God came down from Heaven a Bible story, reading or recitation of verses by the pupils, prayer, then study To teach me how to live; and recitation period from thirty to forty minutes. Memory work was God came down from Heaven often, but not always, followed by play period of ten to twenty minutes and To teach me how to give; singing. We assigned several Psalms for memory work, and each was aided 'God came down from Heaven in selecting Scripture verses of out- standing merit. To help fix them in To teach me how to die; God came down from Heaven To o lift my dreams on high. small, I am big, nor poor nor Since He has thought me worth it all!

-Anne M. Robinson.

WITH THE INDIANS memory we selected verses for each one with initial letters of his name. September, 1928, Miss Helen M. We spent some time memorizing the Brickman's service as national director good old hymns. of Indian Work, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home "We offered a prize for best work Missions, began. It is a pleasure to and two prizes were earned. Two present excerpts from reports that girls, one Pima, a Baptist; the other have come to her from local directors Navajo, a Presbyterian, had perfectly of religious education at Government recited all work assigned.

boarding schools and to let our readers "One night I said, 'Tomorrow is see the countenances of those serving. your night to go to the park to the Miss Brickman's picture appeared in band concert; if you wish to go we the May REVIEW. will not have Bible school.' They said, 'We want to have the school and will Mr. J. C. Ross, religious work direc- not go: I insisted that any who wished tor at Albuquerque and Santa Fe, to go to the concert do so and we would writes: "We conducted an interde- have school for the others. Only one nominational vacation Bible school in girl went; all others were at school. June, at request of the pastors of some We asked them as closing time drew of the Albuquerque churches, for chil- near whether or not they wanted dren of the congregations partici- school to close, so they could have more pating, several children from other time for play in the evening. Everychurches and quite a number gathered one said, 'We want the school to hold in who had no church or Sunday- longer.' school connection.

"Immediately after closing this work we opened an evening school in the "Mrs. Ross arranged a little mis- girls' sitting room at Albuquerque In- sionary pageant, with candles and dian School. Meetings were held five flags of many nations for the closing evenings each week from 7 : 00 to 9: 00. evening. One character was to be an The children were so eager we could American Indian and carry the United hardly get them to go when closing States flag. No one was willing to act time came. With exception of one girl the Indian. At last a Hopi boy said given an outing after she enrolled and he would. He costumed and rehearsed.

one little boy who came only a few He also costumed on the evening of times and then dropped out, we had the play, but instead of filing in with almost perfect attendance. the others, jumped out of the window.

"We had no stated program; usually It was easy to get a Japanese, a Turk, 59

an Austrian or anything else, but no one wanted to play the Indian.

"Saturday follcwing the close, in a truck from the school, we went up the Rio Grande to a nice grove; there had a fine afternoon. Weiners, onions, pickles, coffee and watermelons were served.

"Three weeks in August were spent similarly at Santa Fe. Neither group was willing to quit when closing time came. Nearly all attending were earn- est in study and pleasant in disposi- tion. Only those who wished to come J. c. noss A. A. VAN SICKLE were there; no urgency was used. We have made the usual trips to Santa Fe though we need hymn books badly we this fall and are finding the same have done nothing about them. The hearty cooperation that has always hymn books furnished by the school been extended. They did not get the are not allowed to be taken from the additional grade added, so we lost our Chapel.

leaders among the pupils. Others will "Had a busy day yesterday, taught develop, however." six classes; will have a busy day to- In the July issue there was a pic- morrow, Sunday."

ture of seventy-six young people of Rev. J. M. Hinds, pastor of the Con- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, gregational Church in Genoa, Nebras- who were received into Protestant ka who serves part time at the school churches at Easter. A September there, sends an interesting calculation: letter from Rev. A. A. Van Sickle, our "Looking over record of attendance at director, says: weekday religious instruction at Genoa "For the past month I have been just Indian School for a recent month, I about swamped, and it looks as if I find total attendance at classes 1,015.

would be for some time yet. Our work Expense was $33.33, or 3% cents per is starting out in a fine way. There is unit hour of worship and instruction.

such a good wholesome spirit mani- Should we include two addresses at fested by the whole student body this Sunday evening assembly at the school year. There never has been in the his- (average attendance 525), expense tory of the Indian a s.tudent body as would be cut in half or would be prac- large as the one at Haskell which is as tically 1Y2 cents per unit hour. On far advanced educationally. Most stu- this basis it cost the church in Genoa dents here are high school and junior twenty times as much to provide unit college grade. We are trying to make hour under the same leadership and our religious program a regular part much of it identical in character."

of the whole school program, and I A Sisseton Indian, Mr. Isaac Grey- think we are getting somewhere with earth, is religious work director at it. We have over 450 Protestant stu- Pipestone, Minn., and Flandreau, S.

dents enrolled in our religious educa- Dak., also serving the rural depart- tion classes this year. ment of the International Committee, "We have chosen for textbook, 'The Y. M. C. A. in work with the boys and Bible: Story and Content,' by Calvin young men on reservations.

Weiss Laufer. We have arranged for The "Personals" column, November three students to use one book. Since REVIEW noted appointment of Rev.

they recite only once each week we Floyd O. Burnett as director of re- think this will be satisfactory. If it ligious education at Sherman Institute, is not we may need enough more books Riverside, California. We hope later so that two students use one book. AI- to give items from him.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN fi1

A . GRAHAM ROWLAND ISAAC GREYEARTH FLOYD O. BURNETT J. ~L HINDS Theodore Roosevelt School, Fort showed them how they could build one Apache, Arizona has a new religious side so much longer than the others work director, Miss A. Graham Row- that the whole triangle would be land, necessitated by resignation and spoiled. Perhaps they did not undermarriage of Mil'S Bessie Kniffen. Miss stand all of it but when asked to sign Rowland writes of first experiences: their names if they wanted to join, every girl there, twenty-five in all. "Mr. and Mrs. Fred Young (Bessie signed up and I trust that through Kniffen and husband) left this morn- this organization we can lead these ing. I begin my first report by telling girls closer and closer to our Master. of the chive'fa with which the bridal couple were received. It was my first "This month has been fuJi of new such experience so I guess I enjoyed it faces, new experiences, new places. more than most of them, though every- The children are beginning to accept one was there from superintendent to me now, especially the girls, and we missionary. It began after the lights have many jolly games of 'Cat and went out, with guns, bells, whistles Rat' together. Several teachers have and pans being shot, rung, blown and let me visit their rooms and that helps beaten in front of the couple's room. in getting acquainted with the chil- They finally appeared and rode burroes dren. The employees have been very down the middle of the road to one of nice to me too; I think they will be the other houses. There the whole nice to work with. I have also met the crowd assembled and were 'set up' by employees at White River-the Indian the bride and groom. They were pre- school four miles from here. Two pared with ice cream, cakes and candy. weeks ago, four of us from the Fort hiked over, met a group of the White "The head matron and I met with River employees half way and had 6th, 7th and 8th grade girls and or- supper together. We had a jolly time ganized a Girl Reserve group. I drew and decided then and there to do it a tepee on the board and asked what again real soon. it stood for. I drew a tree and asked what that stood for. Then I drew a "Fort Apache is still wonderful to blue triangle and tried to tell them me and I wonder each day what good what that stood for,-a group of girls just like themselves who wanted to things wiII happen. I feel like the poet have good times together, to learn new things, to have strong bodies and alert who says, minds, to learn more about Jesus and to live like Him. I told them that each The day wiII bring some lovely thing, side of the triangle stood for some- I say it over each new dawn; thing-body, mind and spirit-and Some gay adventurous thing to hold Against my heart when it is gone. And so I rise and go to meet The day with wings upon my feet,

AMERICA viously religion was taboo, but now

is recognized as a fundamental and Peruvian Spreads the Gospel eternal phenomenon of human life. Eminent thinkers like Antonio Caso MR. JOHN RITCHIE, a Scotch mis- and Jose Vasconcelos of Mexico, Mari- sionary in Lima, Peru, publishes ano Iberico Rodriguez of Lima Unian evangelical paper called Renacie- versity, the President of Buenos Ayres menta ("Regeneration"). Some months University, and the poetess Gabriela ago a man in northern Peru, who had Mistral of Chile have all dealt with heard of this paper from a passing religious themes in their recent publitraveler, wrote to Senor Juan Retcher, cations. Protestant Archbishop of Lima, sending for sample copies and for Scrip- In most of the South American tures. After reading them he consti- countries the newspapers and reviews tuted himself an agent for securing readily publish articles on religious subscriptions,' and for his pains has topics. Catholic evangelization is been put in prison twice by fanatical making a rapid progress in the larger authorities. Nothing daunted, he con- cities and the mass of the people is tinues his work and has already touch- taking more and more interest in the ed a whole series of towns and villages life of Jesus. There is, however, one around his own town, Chiquian. disturbing factor – the Latin Amer- Among those he has been able to in- ican peoples are showing strong interest is a young fellow whose father clination for Theosophy and Spiritism. came back years ago from the coast In Chile, Mexico and Brazil, Theosophy with a Bible, telling his little son that has already become a serious rival to the friars did not teach the way of Christianity. – Information Service, truth, but that it could be found in the World's Committee, Y. M. C. A. book he had bought. Lately this boy, now grown to manhood, journeyed on Famine in Porto Rico foot nine days to Huacho, there taking the train to Lima where he marched CONDITIONS in Porto Rico are into Mr. Ritchie's church in sandals vividly described by Governor and poncho, and, doffing his great hat, Theodore Roosevelt in the New York asked that some one be sent to instruct Herald Tribune. The population dehimself and his neighbors in his far- pends mainly on agriculture. Average away mountain town in evangelical earnings are only $150 a year. The truth. Mr. Ritchie affirms that there hurricane a year ago destroyed $80,- are dozens of little groups scattered 000,000 worth of property, fruit trees through Peru that would soon grow and coffee plantations. People from into strong evangelical churches, if the farms who corne into the towns in native preachers could be sent to them. the hope of finding employment and -So S. Times. food make the situation even worse than it already was. Housing facili- Spiritual Springtime ties are "woefully inadequate." Dis- ease is increasing, both because of the DR. JOHN A. MACKAY writes in over-crowding and because the Health World Dominion that the univer- Department lacks funds to cope with sities of Latin America have finally conditions. The Red Cross estimates thrown off the burden of materialistic that 60% of the children of the Island philosophy that has weighed heavily are undernourished, a large number on that continent for so long. Pre- 62

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of whom are "literally starving." The ganization encouraging and making infant mortality rate is approximately possible, by bringing the cost within two and a half times that of the the means of the average Christian United States. "Tuberculosis is one worker, the reverent study of the of our worst menaces, and under the Bible in the land of its birth. present condition of affairs is fastening on the children, who have no The field department, with headstrength to resist it." quarters in Jerusalem, is the central feature of the Institute's activities. Religion in Canal Zone Its objective is to conduct parties through the Holy Land. Classes are THE religious life in the Panama held at the main stopping places in Canal Zone is rather unique. the Holy Land as well as in the rural While there are two Episcopal churches districts. A short course aimed to and one Baptist church as well as give a sound background to the Holy Catholic churches for the Americans Scriptures from the standpoint of living there, there is a system of union geography, topography and customs of churches affiliated with the Federal the people is the paramount feature. Council of Churches of Christ in The business department, located at America. These four churches are dis- the Bible House, New York, assists tributed at different points on the and cooperates with the work of the Zone, Cristobal, Gatun, Pedro Miguel, field department. – Federal Council and Balboa. These, while having their Bulletin. local church councils, are in turn regulated by a central council and work D. V. B. S. in Palestine in the greatest harmony. Two of the four churches have fine buildings. I N 1928 four Vacation Bible Schools The advocates of church unity can be were held in Palestine; the past proud of the system and its results. year the number increased to four- One of these churches has a Chinese teen. The first school of this kind was Bible class. The four churches unite held in Ramallah in 1925, but in 1929 in a missiouary work being done for they were in most of the important the natives at David, on the Pacific centers of Palestine and Transjorcoast north of Panama City. The dania. The total enrolment has reached Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church 674; forty-five teachers have given has missions for the colored people at their time freely in this service. Panama City, Colon, Paraiso, and There is nothing denominational or Gatun. The Baptists have a similar sectarian about the Daily Vacation work for the colored people. In each Bible School Movement, and three of case a superintendent (white) has the schools have been entirely in the charge, with colored pastors in the hands of members of the Greek Ortholocal churches.-C. E. World. dox Church.

WESTERN ASIA One of the most gratifying features of this work is that those who are Toward Understanding the Bible taking part in it-as well as those who are benefiting from it-belong to so To THE many Bible stUdents, many different sections. The teachers clergymen and laymen, limited in are pupils of many different mission time and money but desirous of com- schools; the buildings occupied have ing into a more intimate understand- been lent by different bodies; while ing of the Holy Scriptures, the Travel all branches of the Protestant Church, Institute of Bible Research is render- as well as the Greek Orthodox Coming a service of exceptional value. munity are anxious to help in the movement in one way or another. In Having its genesis in a demand for one school at least a Moslem girl has authentic evangelical leadership in the offered her services as a teacher and historical, geographical and archreo- will help with the teaching of handlogical background of the Scriptures, craft.-Bible Lands S. S. News. the Institute is a noncommercial or-

CHINA and by generous contributions from both Chinese and English in Hong- A Benevolent Railway kong. The site of twenty-five acres on which the school stands was given MANCHURIA is an important field free of cost by the British Govern- for Christian work, made acces- ment. The college provides a Chrissible by the cooperation of the South tian education on modern lines for the Manchuria Ry. Co., some of .whose sons of well-to-do Chinese. Accommoofficials are Christian. This company dation has been provided for one hungives a 50,% discount on tickets to all dred boarders. In the school may be Christian workers living in Manchuria found a large number of non-Christian and passes to those who come in from boys, drawn from the official, comoutside. The three Christian organi- mercial, professional and other leading zations doing the most extensive work classes, both from China itself and are the Presbyterian, Congregational Chinese communities overseas. – The and Methodist Churches. In addition Christian. to these, there are the Anglican Church, the Salvation Army and the Chaplin Memorial Boat Y. M. C. A. I N THE autumn of 1926 the contract At Newchwang, first Manchurian was let for a boat, to be used for port opened to foreign trade, there is evangelistic itineration purposes, as a a well organized, active group of in- memorial to Rev. Maxwell Chaplin, of fluential Christians who hold their Showchow, Kiangan Mission, China, meetings in a rented building. Their who died July 20th of that year from evangelistic spirit is strong and, led Asiatic cholera. This boat has now by their pastor, they are growing in been completed and dedicated. The numbers, as well as working and name Baoling, Mr. Chaplin's Chinese praying earnestly for the erection of name, is cut in large Chinese chara church building. At Darien, where acters on either side of the boat outthe Japanese population is 80,000, the side, and colored bright red. The four pastor and his wife have led their peo- shields of the windows, on the outside, ple to build a beautiful church during are cut with six characters each. their three years of service. They Translated, they read: have increased the membership from a mere handful to 196. There were "The Cross Saves Utterly." 51 baptisms last year. "At a Word the Wind and Waves The South Manchuria Railway Were Stilled." maintains, in the various cities of this land, such constructive institutions as "The Great God, the Living God, a Social Service Bureau, Domestic the True God." Science and other schools, hospitals, libraries and clubs. Manchuria has a "Created Us, Loved Us, Saved Us." Japanese popUlation of 200,000. – A short history of Mr. Chaplin's Korea Mission Field. life, in Chinese characters, hangs on the front side of the cabin. Under it New Public School is a place for his picture. On the op- posite side is a map in colors showing T AST May the new buildings of St. the course of the Hwai River, with L Stephen's College, Hongkong, an the railroad from about fifty miles north of Fengpu to Nanking, all institution of the Church Missionary small rivers in· the district, mountains, Society, were occupied, the foundation lakes, villages where there are groups stone having been laid by the Governor of worshipers, centers where there are of Hongkong in April, 1928. The organized churches and small villages new buildings were erected at a cost stilI unreached by the Gospel.-Presof £40,000, the money having been byterian World News. raised by the sale of the old buildings

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"'Nouriah Sou.l" CODvention joy far greater respect than would be expected" on a comparison of numbers, THE Pooi Ling (Nourish Soul) declares Rev. Michael Becker, Evan- Convention at Hongkong is more gelical Lutheran pastor in that land, and more being recognized as a fixed as reported in Neues Leben (Ljubl- institution, interdenominational in jana). Pastor Becker stated that he character, and groups of Christian was able to report "generally satisfac- workers, as well as individuals tory conditions" throughout the Prot- throughout the south look forward estant churches of Jugoslavia. "Aside with much expectation to this annual from financial means we are in a posi- meeting. This is a ten days' gather- tion to cultivate evangelical undering of Chinese pastors, preachers, standing and evangelical thought and teachers, Bible women, and a repre- life among the church members and sentative company of laymen from the awaken interest and goodwill for various churches in the district. A Protestantism among the remaining similar convention was more repre- population." As an indication of the sentative, there being some two hun- loyalty and willingness to sacrifice on dred from various parts of the prov- the part of church members, Pastor ince, in addition to hundreds from Becker points out that in his church Canton and its suburbs. Among district 25,000 members of the Luththose from the country were seventy eran Church capable of earning their Bible women .in connection with the own living contribute annually about Federation of Churches, who attended $90,000 for current expenses and in a body, preferring to rise early and $18,000 for benevolences, which inmake an hour's tramp, in order to save cludes the maintenance of a Lutheran bus fare for the offering. The num- deaconess home, orphans' homes, hosber of young people in attendance was pitals and homes for the aged and encouraging.-AUiance Week~y. poor. Out of 70 preaching stations, 35 are vacant. Because of great dis- EUROPE tances to be traveled and lack of ade- quate railways and other means of Buddhist Temple in London transportation, some groups of Luth- erans often remain unvisited by pas- THE first Buddhist temple in London tors for years.-Bulletin. is to be built in the West End. A site has been acquired, and the temple John Eliot's Bible will be modeled on that of the famous Caves of Ajanta in Hyderabad, be- A BATTERED Old Testament which lieved to date from 200 B. C. John Eliot caused to be printed in an Indian language, and which he At a public meeting in Colombo it used in mission work among the was decided to send three priests to American Indians, has been discovered London, where it is estimated there by chance on a musty book shelf in are about 500 Buddhists. A wealthy Exeter Cathedral. Printed in strange Ceylonese, who has given 75,000 rupees characters, the book is dated 1661 and ($37,500) toward the establishment of was published by Samuel Green of the temple, is meeting the expenses of Cambridge, Mass. The entire text is sending the priests. in an American Indian language, and is the earliest instance of pUblication London already has a Moslem mos- of a retranslation of the English Bible que, and the Nizan of Hyderabad has in a foreign tongue as a means of promised five lakhs of rupees (about evangelization. Eliot, named "The $137,500) towards the fund which is Apostle to the Indians," having acbeing raised for building another.- quired the language of the Indians of Revord of Christian Work. the region in twenty-three years of toil among them, published the trans- "Minority" Respected TWO hundred and thirty-five thou- sand Protestants out of a population of 12,000,000 in Jugoslavia, "en- S

lation, said to be the first book printed liberty of Protestant churches in Italy, in the Indian language and the first it is gratifying to note that the Synod Bible printed in America. of the Waldensian Church at its an- nual meeting in September, 1929, A Society for the Propagation of adopted the following message to the Gospel among the Indians was Premier Mussolini: formed in' London in 1649, and annually sent Eliot money to supplement To His Excellency, the Head of the Govthe salary he received from the church ernment, The Honorable B. MU88olini, at Roxbury, Mass., where he settled Rome: after coming to New England in 1631. -N. Y. Times. The Waldensian Synod, assembled in its annual session at Torre Pellice, con- French Mission Hospital stituted by the representatives of all the evangelical Waldensian churches, with THE Mission Hospital of the French delegates present from the principal Southeast Mission, located at Dig- evangelical churches of the world, has nes, Basses-Alps, France, and under learned with great satisfaction of the the direction of the well-known Hugue- promulgation of the law of June 24, not Christians M. and Mme. Henri 1929, No. 1159, on the exercise of the Contesse, has been in operation but religious forms of service, "admitted" in eight months. In that time a number the state; and, while it expresses its of patients have been treated, and gratitude to His Excellency, the head of many conversions have taken place. the National Government, for solemnly The hospital is a distinctly Christian reaffirming, by it, the great principals of and missionary institution, and is civilization, which under our common manned by a staff that is one hundred law, such as the freedom of conscience per cent evangelical and evangelistic. and of worship, equality of all citizens Daily prayers are held, attended by before the law, whatever their religious all patients who are able.. profession, free discussion on religious matters, invokes the blessing of the Al- In connection with this Mission mighty on the Head of the Government there is also an orphanage, where the and on our country, that she may prosper children of Protestant parents are re- and grow great, for the good of all her ceived and brought up in the Christian sons. faith. Recently there came to the mission two little Armenian girls, The President of the Synod, aged nine and eleven, absolutely homeless and friendless. Their father had GurSEPPE FASULO. been killed by the Turks before their very eyes, and their mother, an exile His excellency caused this message in France, had died of cancer. They to be sent to the newspapers throughwere welcomed to this orphanage, and out Italy, and it was circulated everymade a part of the happy family of where and aroused great interest. little orphans who are being brought La Stampa, of Turin, sent a reporter up in the nurture and admonition of at once by automobile, 37 miles, to the Lord.-Evangelical Christian. interview the Moderator of the Synod and gave prominence to his report. Action of Synod o:f the Waldensian First Atheist Univeroity Church, Italy THE first anti-religious university THERE are over 100,000 Walden- in the world was opened at Lenin- sians, comprising more than two grad, October 10, with elaborate cerethirds of the 150,000 Protestants, or monies. Named aft e r Stepanoff less than one half of one per cent of Skvortsoff, pioneer atheist in Russia, the 41,000,000 population of Italy. In the anniversary of whose death ocview of the widespread anxiety as to curred on this date, the new university the effect of the concordat between the began its sessions with 300 students, Vatican and the Government upon the forty-seven being women. The insti- tution, its founders say, is intended to prepare a large body of anti-religion- ists and active propagandists of mili- tant atheism.

In opening the university, Professor Bogoraz of the Russian Academy of

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Science, declared that at the present stone missed, falling into the water.

time, "when the church is attempting Bolshevist persecution is bitter. A to regain its lost power in Russia," a new institution in Russia is the read- relentless struggle based upon strict ing room in the villages. One who has science must be carried on against re- entered many of them says that, apart ligion. Following the action of Lenin- from Soviet propaganda, the only lit- grad in creating an anti-religious uni- erature is of an indecent character.

versity, the Society of Militant Parents who forbid their children to Atheists opened a similar institute in go to these reading rooms are punished Mcscow. The students, who number with imprisonment.-S. S. Times.

more than 400, will have as their in- structors Mme. Lenin, Commissar of ISLANDS Health Semashko, and a number of other prominent Soviet leaders. – N. Another Unreached Tribe Y. Times. T HE Crane Pacific Expedition for the Field Museum of Natural His- tory for Chicago recently visited New Russian Evangelical Activity THE Tartars of Kasan are descend- Guinea, the second largest island in ants of the Golden Horde of Geng- the world. In the heart of the island his Khan and are Mohammedans. The they discovered a people, which they evangelical movement is beginning to claim to be of a stone-age civilization, reach them. A Tartar by the name of who had never laid eyes upon a white Krissof received a copy of a Gospel man. They are said to be "savage and while in the army, and was profoundly primitive, wearing few clothes and stirred by reading it. Coming home brilliant bird – of – paradise feathers after the war he strayed into a prayer stuck in their woolly hair. Some of house of evangelical Christians in the tribesmen paint themselves' in Kasan and was converted. In 1921 he stripes of red, black and yellow, and returned home and started meetings others scar themselves with flints or in his village of Kibech. A revival by fire."-Alliance Weekly.

broke out and at present there are twenty-six baptized members in the New Hebrides Synod T church that he formed, with fifteen HIS Synod met at Aneityum June 16th to 20th. The Rev. J. C. Rae, waiting for baptism. The Gospel has already spread to other Tartar vil- Erromanga, was nominated as Mod- lages, and many Tartars have become erator. Appreciation of money gifts Christians in the Trans-Caucasus, from the Presbyterian Church in Can- Turkestan, Caucasus and the Crimea. ada and an anonymous donor in New In Lake Pskov is an island called Zealand was minuted. Gratification Zalito, inhabited by illiterate fisher- was expressed that there has been a men. So ignorant are the people that marked decrease in the central islands when, in cholera times, physicians of the groups in the supplying of were sent .thither for their assistance liquor to natives. The Synod strongly they were driven out with threats of expressed the view that the interests drowning. A little group of six were of good order demand amendment of converted here and abandoned vodka the Code of native law regarding and ribaldry. When Morgunoff, a morals. The old native law and cus- Christian evangelist, came to preach tom demands a higher standard than to them, a drunken crowd tried to kill the European definitions embodied in him, but Morgunoff's wise and kindly the Code prescribed, and the enforc- words disarmed them. On entering a ing of the lower standard of that code boat to return home, he noticed a on the natives is inimical to their in- woman slipping along the shore who terests. Recognizing immorality as a threw an enormous stone at him. The factor of depopulation in the New woman aimed at his head, but the Hebrides, the Synod urgently presses

the need for reform on the Condo- services held once or twice a month. minium legislature. It also complains At present, in everyone of these scatthat the government is somewhat spas- tered districts there are churches, modic in its efforts to suppress sale of more or less self-supporting, and each liquor to natives. Valiant medical and a center of evangelizing influence.- educational work is reported, and that The Christian. evangelistic work wins converts, and baptisms of adults and young are re- NORTH AMERICA ported at nearly every station. Mr. A. K. Langridge was congratulated on Systematic Bible Study his completion of forty years of unselfish service as honorary secretary AS A PART of the movement for of the John G. Paton Committee Fund. ft the encouragement of systematic -Quarterly Register. reading and study of the Bible, the American Home Bible Institute is Whole Island Converted sponsoring the formation of "Around- the-table" groups in hom e sand GoNAVE is a large island fifty by churches. The course selected for twelve miles, in the Bay of Port- 1930, and now ready for use, is au-Prince, Haiti, about twenty-eight "Studies in the Life of the Christian," miles from the mainland. In one year taking up in order Christ the Great seventeen missionary stations have Teacher, the Christian's God, the been established there, with a preach- Christian man, his fellow man, his ing place and a primary school in each. faith, Book, prayer, service, church, Thus 3,000 believers have been en- home, business world, society, state rolled as members of the congregation. and home, in a series of fourteen The inhabitants, numbering some studies, with :final review. The Insti- 12,000, are abandoning voodoo fetish- tute recommends small groups of three ism and worship of the great serpent to ten members, and the course is so god. The people are eager to learn to arranged that the members may, if read. Last year 100 Bibles, 200 Testa- they desire, take turns in conducting ments, and 2,000 Gospels were bought the sessions. The Institute's creditby them.-Sunday-School Times. certificate, applicable towards the dip- loma, will be issued upon completion Inland AUlitralia of the course on the same basis as for completion of prescribed work in the QUEENSLAND, Australia, has an full curriculum. area equal to the former empires of Austria and Germany, and eight The American Home Bible Institute, times that of Great Britain. In the now in its twelfth year, is an associacapital, Brisbane, there is a popula- tion of Christian workers, having its tion of about 300,000, while over the headquarters at the home of its presiremainder of the State, in cities of dent, Mr. E. W. Collamore, 837 Allison from five to fifteen thousand, and in Street, Washington, D. C., conducting tiny townships and in a multitude of full courses of Bible reading and lonely homesteads another half-million study, and having students in nearly of men, women and children are scat- every state of the Union and in Cantered, a large proportion of these last ada. being emigrants from England. Many live remote from any railhead, and Gains of Japanese Methodists from five to fifty miles from the nearest post office, school or church. I N VIEW of the discouraging returns Twenty years ago the Baptists under- on membership from many of the took to evangelize these back blocks, annual conferences, there is encourageand within a few years six or seven ment in the gains reported by the mission centers were created, with Paci:fic Japanese Mission. Small as it is, it made more of a net gain in mem- bership than the California Conference

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year. The Conference evangel booklets and 20,436 pocket lost about 200 members, while the treasurys, besides Gospels and tracts. Mission gained 221 members. The This literature is sent free to all Mission also gained 366 Sunday-school teachers willing to cooperate with the pupils and its World service offerings Association in its careful distribution advanced from $2,958 to $3,130. There and use. are 3,681 in its Sunday-schools and 1,825 full members in the churches. All scholars who memorize and re- Three years ago there were 17 Japa- cite the Twenty-third Psalm and John nese pastors on the list, and one sec- 3: 14-21 are given a cloth-bound copy ond generation worker. This year 25 of John, and all who read the Gospel pastors, five second generation work- of John and memorize the Bible verses ers, and five special evangelists were printed on a little tract entitled "Four given appointments by the bishop. Of Things that God Wants You to Know," the four young men who were ordained are presented with a copy of the New at the recent session of the Mission, Testament. two are graduates of Boston Univercity School of Theology. This literature is eagerly received, and numerous reports of blessing are Negro Education coming from teachers. Hundreds of boys and girls are memorizing the por- T HERE are in thirty-nine Negro tions suggested. The Association is and sixty-five Northern colleges and endeavoring to reach at least 3,000 of universities a total of 19,253 Negro these mountain schools this fall and students, while from these same insti- winter at an average expense of five tutions there were graduated with de- dollars each. gree's during the last commencement season a total of 2,160 men and wom- Filipino Students Hold Conference en, according to the August numher of The Crisis. These encouraging rev- THE recent Executive Board Conelations are found in an article in that ference of the Filipino Students' issue entitled, "The Year of Educa- Christian Movement in America was tion, 1929," which is the eighteenth held in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, annual report of progress in education September 13-14, with eleven in atamong Negroes. From the thirty-nine tendance. Every member had some- Negro colleges, most of them located thing to say on the topics discussed in the South, there graduated last year and said it with clarity. Subjects dis- 1,776 men and women, and in those cussed included: How can we secure schools there is a total of 16,982 stu- a sufficient number of well qualified dents of college rank. From northern members for Christian leadership? colleges and universities 294 Negroes How can we help to deepen their graduated in 1929 and there is a total Christian convictions so that when of 2,271 Negro students in these they return home they will actively schools. The figures are the result of lend their services to the churches' a nation-wide inquiry made by The work in the Islands? What responsi- Crisis. bilities and opportunities does the F. S. C. M. offer to its members ?-Bul- letin.

Christian Literature for Mountaineers Decade of Cooperation T HE Bible Institute Colportage As- T HE completion of ten years of serv- sociation of Chicago has recently ice by the Home Missions Council mailed large quantities of its Christian of Montana calls attention to one of literature to 700 or more schools in the most promising experiments in cothe mountains of Kentucky, West Vir- operation in home missionary work on ginia and Tennessee. These shipments a state-wide basis. Organized in 1919, consisted of 12,570 copies of the Moody by representatives of the national Colportage Library books, 16,390 home mission boards, it has concen-

trated attention upon securing a more iliary toward the Student Rotary Loan effective distribution of the religious Fund, and this amount is either in forces of the state, the home mission- hand or in outstanding loans to be kept ary superintendents working out a in circulation as repaid. The school comprehensive allocation of territory enrolment for the present semester is in such a way as to provide for the in excess of 50, making a total since effective churching of all areas. In the first of April of the present year general, the principle followed was of over 100.-Presbyterian Banner. that of assigning a territory to the church nearest at hand and already Centennial Celebrated most interested in the field. What has been done in Montana has been a THE First Presbyterian Church of stimulus to cooperative endeavors in Pittsburgh celebrated early in Nomany other areas. – Federal Council vember the one hundredth anniversary Bulletin. of the organization of its first mis- sionary society. An appropriate his- Eager for the Bible torical sermon was preached by the pastor, Dr. Clarence E. Macartney. MR. UNOURA, pastor of the Dis- The first society was organized in 1829 ciples Japanese Church in Los by Jane Craig, Hannah Laughlin and Angeles, is rejoicing in a new oppor- Susan Irwin. A short time later, the tunity which has opened up. A group Western Presbyterian Missionary Soof mothers who gather in a home for ciety was organized; and Harmar regular sewing classes have asked Mr. Denny, for many years a member of Unoura to come and give them a Bible Congress from Pittsburgh and an elder study twice a month as they meet. in the First Church, was president of Several of these are kindergarten the society until it was changed to the mothers and several are Christians, Board of Foreign Missions of the but none of them have any other op- Presbyterian Church. The first misportunity for such study because, like sionaries sent out by the church were most mothers of small children, they former members of the First Presbycannot come to church early. Eleven terian Church. Among them were were present at the first study.- John C. Lowrie, pioneer of Presby- World Call. terian missions in India; Albert O. Johnson, killed at Cawnpore during Sehool Changes Name the Sepoy mutiny in 1857; John Cloud, a martyr in Africa, and Wells T HE Presbyterian Training School Bushnell and Joseph Keer, pioneers in of Chicago has not only a new en- missionary work with the North vironment in its occupancy of the new American Indians. In the First property at 815 Belden Avenue, but it Church were also organized the is now ready to announce a new name. Western Foreign Missionary Societies, By action of the board of directors and the Synod of Pittsburgh, the Board of approved by the Board of Christian Home Missions, Western Theological Education, the name of the school will Seminary and the University of Pittsbe changed to The College of Christian burgh, together with many other re- Education. Three students have gone ligious and philanthropic societies.- from the school during the calendar Presbyterian Banner. year into the foreign field of missions and one more is now in training. Sev- JAPAN eral other students have been placed in strategic positions as directors of Japan Still Resents American Exclureligious education and church secretaries in some of the best churches of sion Act the denomination, while others have been placed in important positions I N VIEW of the impression in Amerwith the Board of National Missions. ica that the Japanese have ceased Approximately $1,500 has been con- to resent the clause in the Selective tributed through the Woman's Aux- Immigration Act passed by the Con- gress of the United States ir. 1924, it

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is interesting to note that, at the meet- Setting up as our ideal a Christian ing of The Institute of Pacific Rela- social order in which God is recognized tions in Kyoto, Japan, October 28, as Father and humanity is interrelated 1929, a statement read on behalf of as brothers, we firmly believe in the prin- Viscount Shibusawa of Japan declared ciples of love, justice and fraternalism as that "the controversy arising from set forth by Christ. American immigration legislation in 1924 is not closed. The wound so Believing that this can only be realized needlessly inflicted on our national through cooperation and mutual love on honor is still open and will remain the part of individuals and organizations, open until the matter has been rightly we are opposed to every kind of masettled. terialistic education, thought and move- ment. We reject all social reconstruction "I think it necessary to make this based on class struggle and revolutionary plain statement because there seems to methods. We are likewise opposed to rebe an impression in America that the actionary oppression. incident is as good as forgotten in Japan. This erroneous impression is In conformity with these ideals we addoubtless due to our courtesy and vocate the following matters: reticence on this subject in conversing with American visitors." Equal rights and equal opportunities. Nondiscriminatory treatment of na- Kagawa's Pre~ching tions and races. The sanctity of marriage, equal re- SEPTEMBER 1, more than 500,000 sponsibility of both men and women re- people gathered in the Honjo garding chastity and improvement of Square of Tokyo to celebrate the sixth home life. anniversary of the great earthquake. The betterment of the status of wom- The mayor addressed 2,000 people in en in the educational, social, political and the Honjo Public Hall; he spoke ori industrial world. national diligence and perseverance Respect for the personality of the during the years of reconstruction. child, the prohibition of child labor and Other speakers followed, and the crowd the extension of the period of compulsory became extremely bored. However, education. The diffusion of a thorough the moment Mr. Kagawa, the famous vocational education. Christian evangelist, rose to speak, The enactment of a law making Sunthe atmosphere changed, faces bright- day a public rest day (with the expectaened up and everyone became ani- tion that wages will be paid). mated. For nearly an hour he kept The abolishment of the system of pubhis audience spellbound. His message, lic prostitution and the complete regula- "The Spirit of Reconstruction," was a tion of all similar trades. religious one and the proletarian The promotion of national prohibition. crowd in holiday mood had expected The enactment of a minimum wage, something very different, but none the peasants' welfare and social insurance less Kagawa's burning words went Jaws. deep into the heart of his audience. Legislation and equipment promoting The very same evening his preaching public hygiene. at the Industrial Y. M. C. A. of Honjo Government subsidy for the betterbrought over some thirty-four con- ment of housing conditions. verts to Christianity. The encouragement of producers and consumers cooperative associations. Social Creed for Japan The establishment of a suitable agency to attain harmonious relations between THE All-Japan Christian Conference employees and employers. asked the National Christian Coun- The enactment of a reasonable workcil to formulate and issue a social ing day. creed. The Council's committee there- The betterment of home industries and fore drew up the following tentative the improvement of equipment in facdraft: tories. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The realization of a warless world.

-Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field.

Reaching the Lepers THREE young students in the Epis- copal Divinity School in south Japan, too far from home to return there during the Christmas holidays

last year, were asked by Bishop Lea to attendance. The largest enrolment is undertake a missionary journey to the that of Waseda University which, in- island of Tanegashima, where the cluding its higher department, has Japanese Church has mission work. 11,066 students. Nihon University Their special object was to visit the enrolls 9,857, though quite a large lepers. The climate is supposed to be number of these are in the classes of good for sufferers from leprosy, so the night school. Keio University has that the number on this island is 9,187 students and the Imperial Uni- larger than in some other parts of versity 8,434. Conservatively speak- Japan. The island is forty-five miles ing, these schools enroll a total of long and about ten miles wide. The 100,000 stUdents, or about one twenty- three students divided it into sections fifth of the whole population of 2,400,- and went off separately, meeting at 000 in Tokyo.

intervals to compare reports. It is intended to carry out a very They found the lepers living in careful study with regard to plans for miserable little huts, hiding themselves more effectively strengthening the as much as possible. They had spent places where Christian efforts are al- what little money they had on patent ready being made, as well as for enter- medicines, without results. It re- ing those schools where Christian quired much patience and tact on the work has not yet found an opening.

part of the 'students to reach them Twenty-four schools have Y. M. C. A.

with a Christian message, and with organizations where Christian work is the information that new methods of carried on – including Bible classes.

treating the disease hold out some Two others have the beginning of such hope. A clergyman on the island some organization. In ten others, Bible years ago had made arrangements to classes are held with more or less reg- have the lepers visit a doctor on the ularity and success. No others have island, for injections, but through organized Christian work. – World ignorance and fear few have done so. Call.

The doctor himself believes that the Christian message must be delivered Kingdom of God Campaign first, and urged the students to find a A LAYMEN'S Mass Meeting was Christian worker for these sufferers. held in Tokyo, November 6, in connection with the commemoration of The names of the three students the 70th anniversary of the opening were Paul, Barnabas and John. Two of Protestant Missions in Japan. The were from the northern island of Hok- purpose of this meeting was to mobilkaido, and the third came from Brazil.

ize the laity of the church for the Christian Effort for Students Kingdom of God Campaign, to be F OR some time there has been a launched in January, 1930. feeling among Christian workers in The following five Commissions Tokyo that more direct and effective were set up: efforts should be made to reach stu- (a) Commission on General Affairs, dents in the higher schools. A some- to serve as a cabinet, having general what hasty survey revealed that in charge of all matters relating to the Tokyo alone are fifty higher schools- campaign.

that is, schools above the grade of (b) Commission on Evangelism, to high schools, including several uni- help plan local campaigns, select versities. Of these, fifteen are gov- speakers, organize prayer bands, and ernment schools, four are Christian, make suitable plans regarding other three are Buddhist, one is a Shinto matters.

school-the others are private schools. (c) Commission on Publicity, to Twenty-one of these schools enroll each prepare articles for the press and to more than 1,000 students, while eleven make provisions for broadcasting in- others have between 500 and 1,000 in formation regarding the campaign.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

(d) Commission on Education, to complishing, and the increasing num- plan for follow-up training of in- ber of entries for examination show quirers and those who make decisions, the rapid awakening of the non-Chris- working through local churches. tian people to the advantages acquired (e) Commission on Social Service, from educating their girls. The to make surveys and plans to follow greatest percentage of increase has up these surveys and to deal with such been made by the two largest com- issues as temperance and social purity. munities-the Mohammedans and Hin- -Foreign Missions' Conference Bul- dus. It is interesting to note that letin. Qadian, perhaps the most bigoted Mo- hammedan village in the Punjab, sent Bibles for Ba.ttleships up thirteen girls for examination.

ON AUGUST 17, in San Francisco Not only Christian, but non-Christian Bay, the officers of the Japanese girls, are qualifying in increasing Training Battleships of the Imperial numbers for graduate work, and indi- Japanese Navy, in full regalia, with vidual examples show marked capabil- elaborate ceremony, graciously and ity on the part of Indian women to cordially received from the representa- take special training.-Woman's Mis- tives of the Japanese and American sionary Magazine.

Christian Churches and the American Bible Society a gift of Bibles to their ]doRleD1 Activity fleet. Vice-Admiral Nomura, in re- NEARLY one-third of the Mohamsponse to presentation speeches, said medans of the world are in India. it was a high honor, the Japanese Rev. F. N. Silsbee, in Darkness and officers felt, to have the Bibles pre- Light, says that Islam is the only resented to them, that he had been many ligion seriously bidding with Christimes to America and knew that the tianity for world-wide dominion, and lofty conceptions and high ideals of that India is a center for its missionary the nation were inspired by the Bible, program. It is the most active in the and that they were happy to receive press of any Mohammedan country, this Book and it was their hope and there being 222 periodicals. About prayer that with the ideals of right- 160 of these are in Urdu, fourteen in eousness and justice of this Bible, English, and the others in various peace would ever reign between the vernaculars. Most of these are' more two nations. He further said that he than newspapers and magazines in the hoped their battleships would never ordinary sense, and many of them have make war, but only be a national police the definite objective of disseminating force for righteousness and peace and and defending Islamic doctrines, not a goodwill.-Indian WUness. few of them being bitterly anti-Chris- INDIA tian. The definite watchword is, "The Islamization of All India." At Karachi Compulsory Education for Women a large meeting of one of the societies AN ALL-INDIA Conference on Re- was held at which circulars appealing f t form in the Education of Women for about 2,500,000 rupees for an en- and Girls has been organized, and dowment fund were distributed. The three annual meetings have been held. following is an extract: "Christian One of the main 'objects of these con- missions have been at work in India ferences is to work towards the com- for some centuries. Their organiza- pulsory education of girls. Only one tion is perfect, their funds are enor- out of each two hundred is now in mous, and their methods of work are .school. Another of the aims is to es- effective. Hundreds of different mis- tablish schools for married women. sions, hundreds of institutions and so- The real progress in education can cieties, and thousands of workers con- best be shown by what the Govern- stitute the strength of the Christian mental Education Department is ac- propaganda. Thousands of Moslems

have already fallen a prey to the Chris- given the use of a house without rent tian missionary, and there are yet for the purpose of the school. The greater dangers ahead."-Moody Institute Monthly. school will not only be a place of teach- ing, but will contain a health center A Large Task and model village home. The ladies of the League are particularly anx- THE Lutheran India Mission com- ious to make this institution a center prises a field about as large as Bel- of village activities. They are taking gium, with a population of nearly 5,- care to make everything within it 000,000. In each thousand of this suited to village conditions and withpopulation there are 898 Hindus, 55 in the reach of all village people. The Christians, 44 Mohammedans, and all teacher will also be the health visitor other religions 3. Of each 55 Chris- and general advisor of the village folk. tians, 21 belong to the Lutheran Mis- She will live the life of the people and sion, the others to the missions of the show them by practical example how Baptists, Church of England, and Ro- life in the poorest village can be made man Catholics. Most of the unreached useful, clean and bright.- Woman's population belongs to the so-called Missirmary Magazine. Sudra castes or the middle classes. They are opening their minds and Changing Methods hearts to the· Gospel and some have been baptized, but the Mission is not rDOinRMIEndRiLa Ywthaes main stress of work prepared to meet the Sudra opportu- laid on open-air nity. It does not have enough missionaries, enough Indian workers be- preaching, either in the crowded longing to the Sudra castes, nor enough money to press forword in this bazaars of cities or to smaller groups direction. met with in the villages. While that Then there is the task of the uplift of the Indian villages. One who has form of endeavor has not been abannever seen a typical Indian village does not realize how much they need up- doned, nor, indeed, is likely to be, yet lift. Missionaries must take the lead in the remaking of Indian villages by there is not so much time devoted to cleaning them up, improving their industries, reforming their social life, it as previously. Various causes have elevating the village women and enlarging the horizon of the villagers.- contributed to this end. The limita- Lutheran N eW8 Bulletin. tions of this method have been real- Edueational League of Women ized; it was seen that street preaching 'rHE Women's Educational League of Delhi is a very active and prac- served to reach only a portion of the tical body. It has taken up with great community and left other classes- unzeal the work of uplift among village women. So far, the work of training touched. The enforced reduction of women who seem to be extremely keen has been done by voluntary workers expenditure necessitated the abandonbelonging to many of the leading families of Delhi. The work has now ment of cold weather tours in the disincreased to such an extent that the League is planning to start a regular trict. There have come other devillage school for women and girls in a neighboring village. A well-to-do mands on the missionary's time. Then, Brahmin widow in the village has too, it has been felt that this was a task which the growing Indian Church could well undertake. A change has come over the nature of the preaching.

It is now less controversial and more experimental.

Institutional work can account for much of the diminution of street preaching. Where a man's connection with a school was once regarded as a subsidiary task, it is now regarded as his main job. Greater attention has been given to vocational schools. At Faridpur in Bengal two missions are cooperating in an industrial school, and the number of such schools has in-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

creased. Similar settlements have Government has seemed quite pleased been opened for girls and widows. with the result. As evidence of this, Even in ordinary schools manual the school received a grant of £50 training has been introduced, and car- ($250.00) to cover expenses. After pentering, spinning or weaving form the fall opening of the school, the In- parts of the curriculum in many spector of Education of the Southern schools.-Missionary Herald (Baptist). Sudan came for a thorough inspection AFRICA of the equipment, the schedule and the quality of the work done. In his re- West African Elijah port to the department he was gen- A REMARKABLE figure in the erous in his commendation, and as a Christianizing of Africa is dead. result the school is to receive this This is William Wade Harris, of Li- coming year a grant of £150 ($750.00).

bera, who worked quite independently Out of this fund some 25 boys that of any mission, and as recently as the Government is sending are to be 1925, 20,000 of his converts in the taken care of, and in addition better French Ivory Coast were awaiting equipment can be secur€d. The Govteachers for further instruction. ernment proposed to bring in boys Bibles had been procured, though few from a distance, and since most of could read them, a primitive form of these boys will be sons of chiefs, the Christian worship had been instituted, influence will be magnified. So far no until a Christian community of 40,000 restriction has been placed on reli- gious teaching. The educational inhad grown up.

Harris' early life is obscure. It is spector has worked out a syllabus of known he had worked on ships and study, and in it religious teaching has later at Lagos, where he attended a been given a very definite place.- Wesleyan Church, probably learning to United Presbyterian.

read there. About 1915 he appeared in his turban and white robes, carry- Christia.nity or COlDlDunislD1 ing a light wooden cross, at Axim on ~~A LARGE number of native South the Gold Coast, but he soon turned Africans are becoming com- west into Ivory Coast territory. His munistically minded, they are adopting message was, "Burn your fetiches, money and goods as their ideal; are warship the one Gad. Get Bibles. increasingly feeling that their wrongs Build churches, and one day the mis- are not going to be righted by peace- sionary will come." ful means alone. They have lost faith, It was not until the end of 1926 that or are rapidly losing it, in the Govern- the old man was found by a French ment; they feel that the missionary Methodist missionary, Pasteur Benoit, has betrayed them, or at least stood at Cape Palmas, where he had been silently by while the unscrupulous living practically penniless in a tiny white man has grabbed their land and hut. He was described as still active, driven them to work; they see the though obviously a very old man.- wide discrepancies in wages paid H. W. Peet News Service. white and black workers for the same work; they see the utter cant and Education in the Suda.n hypocrisy in the liquor laws which THE United Presbyterian School in grant to the white man unlimited the Black Sudan opened August, rights and prohibit liquor to the na- 1928, and during the year ending July, tives in towns. All down the line, 1929, 75 boys, 20 yaung men, and 60 especially in the economic field, the girls were enrolled. Notable during native feels that he is being discrim- the year was an experiment with inated against, and unjustly. Rebel- twelve boys sent by the Government. lion and revolt are not natural to the These boys were in school about five native people. They hesitate to join months. They did very well and the formally an organization such as the

Communist Party. But the general York City has 1,765,000. But Amerattitude which the Communists stand ican Jews are gradually forsaking the for is growing and is becoming in- crowded centers and seeking new creasingly vocal." These are the homes in towns and viIIages, and on startling words of Ray E. PhiIIips of the farms. While two-thirds of the the Bantu Men's Social Center, Johan- Jewish population are found in our nesburg. eleven largest cities, the other third is scattered over 9,701 smaller cities, The man in South Africa who has towns, villages and rural communities. taken the time and energy to look Jews today' are found in 1,121 towns carefully into the native economic sit- having a population of less than 5,000. uation with its accompanying social They are living also in 3,943 villages effects, Dr. Henderson, states, "The and in 3,292 unincorporated rural dissituation is anxious, and there are tricts. There are 110,000 Jews on Borne who fear it is passing out of our farms in 40 different states. – The control."-F. M. C. Bulletin. Presbyterian.

Modernizing EI Azbar The Gospel for Jews EL AZHAR, in Cairo, both the oldest T HE Presbyterian Church now has and the largest university in the centers of evangelism for the Jewworld, is to recast its curriculum. The ish people in twelve cities. The Board old university course of EI Azhar, of National Missions is also encourwhich is said'to go back to the time of aging Presbyterian churches to include Muiz, and has been established from Jewish missions in their ministry. time immemorial, was based entirely Many a church has discovered that on the Koran. The theology, the law, Jews, far from being unreachable, are the traditions of Islam formed almost eager to learn about Christianity and the whole of the education given, in to read the New Testament. Some of the senior course, though reading and these churches have twenty or more writing, grammar, algebra and arith- Jews in their membership. It is estimetic were given to the junior stu- mated that some 1,500 Jews are memdents. No independent thinking was bers of Arne ric a n Presbyterian encouraged, or learning of things out- churches. Of these, sixty-one are minside the realm of Islam. But now this isters. Recently a rabbi of unusual is to be changed. The cabinet, under scholarship and ability has been bapthe inspiration of a new rector of the tized and is studying for the ministry. university, Sheikh Meraghi, has Others are professors in colleges, passed a new organic law for its gov- elders, deacons, and t r u s tee s of ernment. There are to be faculties of churches, teachers in Sunday-schools, Moslem theology, of Islamic law, of presidents of missionary societies.- the Arabic language, as of old, but The Presbyterian. these are to be moved by a new spirit; and to them are to be added new Result of Sound Policy courses of modern languages and modern science, adapted to modern condi- THE Church Missionary Society, tions.-The Living Church. which began its work in Africa about 125 years ago, reports a re- GENERAL markable ingathering. After nearly 100 years in the field, the total number Rural Trend of Jews who had embraced Christianity was 60,901. This was in 1900. In 1927 JEWISH population has long been the number had increased to 488,565; concentrated in towns, and chiefly in 1928 to 519,577; in 1929 to 552,640. great cities. Warsaw has 250,000; The ranks of ordained Africans had Budapest, 169,000; Vienna, 149,000; also increased from 84 in 1900 to 257 London, 150,000; Paris, 100,000, in 1928. The Christians in Southern while of the 4,228,029 Jews in America, 3,553,600 live in 68 cities. New

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Nigeria contributed last year nearly let the nations pay their debts as ar- $500,000 to the work. Sixty-seven ranged (if it is for their good) and European workers were supported then, since the United States would from native contributions in 1926, not feel any loss in canceling them, let and 161 in 1929. These African her put what is paid to her into a fund churches have been taught to support for the education of children throughtheir own pastors and teachers. Now out the world. We would be disposed they are beginning to provide even to subtract from the contracted payfor the foreign missionaries in their ment of the debt, any amounts so spent midst.-Alliance Weekly. by the nations themselves. The fund might be placed in the hands of an Race Relations Sunday international committee – or a plan- etary committee of the foremost men T HE eighth annual observance of in the world, the majority of whom "Race Relations Sunday" has been should be United States citizens-to announced for February 9, 1930. This be administered with the purpose, is an occasion which is coming to be first, of giving education to those chilobserved increasingly in the churches dren who suffered most from the for the purpose of emphasizing the wreckage of the World War; second, meaning of the Christian Gospel for of giving the highest possible training the contacts of the races with each to the teachers of all lands."-Presbyother. Last. year in many communi- terian Banner. ties white ministers and Negro ministers exchanged pulpits on this Sun- Hissionary Distributors day, and in some cases church choirs made similar exchanges. The singing T HE Pioneer Mission Agency, with of the "spirituals" served to give many headquarters in Philadelphia, was a new appreciation of Negro music. organized "to learn and publish the need, and forward workers and means A special message for Race Rela- to other organizations for pioneer tions Sunday has been prepared, work." During the past year more stressing the practical application of funds have passed through the Christian principles to concrete inter- Agency's hands than ever before, the racial conditions that confront the amount for missionary work alone bechurches. A folder of suggestions, ing about $11,000. That which was with sections of interest to ministers, designated has been forwarded as re- Sunday-school superintendents, young quested; the money given for pioneer people's societies, women's groups and work was sent to various missions for interracial groups, will be furnished the opening of new fields or for makupon writing to the Federal Council's ing surveys. Nothing is taken for the Commission on the Church and Race upkeep of the office from funds given Relations, 105 East 22d Street, New for field work.-Report. York.-Bulletin.

War Debt Proposal Stockholm Continuation Committee DR. JOHN H. FINLEY, advisory T HE Stockholm Continuation Com- editor of the New York Times, in mittee has now been transformed his final lecture at Edinburgh Univer- into the "<Ecumenical Council for sity on November 1, suggested that Practical Christianity." At its last America should put what is paid to meeting at Eisenach, Germany, in her in war debts into a fund for the September, the Committee approved education of the children of the world. the establishment of a permanent "If Henry Ford is right, that the centre at Geneva. Steps are being United States would not feel any taken towards a closer cooperation serious loss if it cancelled all its for- with various Christian Youth Associaeign debts," he said, "it seems to me tions.-Information Service, World's that at least this course is possible: Committee, Y. M. C. A.

OOI(S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be jorwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Scripture Calendars. Pickering & Inglis. simple. It is found in the fact that Glasgow. 1929. there was greater diversity in primi- Daily Scripture quotations on pad tive Christianity than has been sup- posed, that there did not exist a single calendars give daily messages to type of church order, but that there brighten and nourish spiritual life and were several types, so that the Episequip for service. Five of these cal- copalian, Presbyterian and Independent endars, on attractive boards with col- can each discover the prototype of the ored pictures, offer a variety of style. system to which he himself adheres. The prices range from 18 to Is 6d. The important bearing of this on the Some of the calendars contain only pending question of mutual recogni- Scripture verses, while others give tion of orders in the movement for quotations from such well-known Brit- organic union will at once be seen. ish and American religious teachers Incidentally, the book gives a clear and as Andrew Bonar, Charles Spurgeon, non-technical introduction to the his- F. B. Meyer, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. tory and literature of the first century Pierson and others. There are also of Christianity. "Golden Grain" Diaries (28. to 78. 6d.) and Almanacs (2d. to Is.) D. L. P.

The Primitive Church, by Canon B. H. A New Commentary on Holy Scripture, in- Streeter. 323 pp. $2.50. The Mae- eluding the Apoerapha. Edited by millan Company. New York. Charles Gore, Henry Leighton Goudge This is a thoughtful and scholarly and Alfred Guillaume. 1,598 pp. $3.50.

The Macmillan Company. New York.

study of early Christianity with spe- This is a notable contribution to the cial reference to the origins of the literature on the Bible and it is arous- Christian ministry. Canon Streeter's ing widespread interest. The editors high reputation leads one to expect a and authors are among the most dis- thorough piece of work, and this book tinguished scholars of this generation does not disappoint the expectation. and they have done their work with It is an important contribution to a skill, painstaking care, and deep rev- subject which is being actively dis- erence for the sacred book which they cussed in America, Great Britain and expound.

the mission field. We all know how Particularly interesting features vigorously each denomination insists are the inclusion of the Apocrapha, that its polity and orders are justified and a series of monographs on various by the New Testament, and the result- topics that the authors deem essential ant controversy as to which of the to the proper understanding of the many conflicting claims is the right Bible. We know of no other recent one. The Episcopalian believes that commentary which contains so much he finds episcopacy, the Presbyterian suggestive material within the covers presbytery, and the Independent, inde- of a single volume. The comments are pendency. But while each party has of course usually brief, but they are argued to its own satisfaction it has remarkably luminous. The three edinot succeeded in satisfying its op- tors have provided the principal part ponents. Canon Streeter believes that of the work, but they have associated the solution of the deadlock is quite with themselves a considerable num- 78 ber of specialists in Great Britain and no': an exhaustive commentary, but a practical an inspiring manual for America so that the volume represents members, as well as teachers of adult classes, and it admirably suited to tlie the concensus of opinion of many em- need of devout Christians, who being themselves deprived of fellowship in inent scholars. an active class, want to follow the study of the international lessons. All of them belong to the High R. C. WILLIAMSON. Church Anglo-Catholic party in the What Do We Mean by God? C. H. Valen- Anglican Communion, and all accept tine. pp. 2·13; $2.00. New York. 1929. what are commonly called "the assured This apologl tic for Christian Theresults of the 'literary criticism' of ism does not draw upon the Scriptures as revelation 01 upon ecclesiastical trathe Bible." These presuppositions col- dition; rather does it dig into human experience on its various levels for or their interpretation of many pas- arguments to support the main thesis, that the least we can mean by God sages, and readers who do not concur must be such a conception as can run the gauntlet of modern science, philin the presuppositions will naturally osophy, and religion. "The minimum essentials for the God of religion are not concur in the interpretations. two. As against psychology, we must claim for God the nature of Ultimate Doubtless no human beings could tra- Reality; as against philosophy, we must claim for God the nature of reverse so vast a field as the whole Bi- sponsiveness." Tracing responsive- ness from the lowest levels of life in ble in a way that would be satisfactory plant and animal to awakening per- sonality in man, the author concludes to everyone. Certainly this reviewer that it is conditioned in each stage by the character of the stimulating obdoes not concur in some of the opin- ject. In animals with clearest traces of intelligence, there are closest apiuns expressed. But we gladly recog- proaches to personality only when un- der the constant stimulation of human nize the fine. Christian spirit of the discipline or training, while man, al- ready arrived at the stage of personeditors, and the unwisdom of ignoring ality, depends upon responsiveness in other persons for his progressive exthe views of such influential scholars perience. If mind and personality in man be allowed any place in ultimate who undoubtedly represent a large reality, a quality of responsiveness in the ultimate of science or the absolute constituency. They evidently do not of philosophy is demanded by highest probability as conditioning the remean to be iconoclastic for they say sponsiveness of human personality. God cannot be less than personal as the that they object to "a great deal of character of the system and unity of the ultimate. He may be much more modern biblical criticism which is in- than personality, He cannot be less than responsive in the sense in which spired by a spirit so obviously hostile that term characterizes human beings.

to the Christian faith as to leave no room for real appreciation of its books"; and they declare that "it is not this sort of criticism which read- ers will find in this commentary." It is gratifying to note too that the edi- tors avow their firm belief in the mir- acles of the New Testament, the virgin birth, bodily resurrection and deity of our Lord. A. J. B.

The Lesson Round Table-l930. Richard D. Dodge, Editor. 359 pp., 12 mo., Nashville, Tenn. 1929.

This is a pocket size teacher's manual on the 1930 International Uniform Lessons upon the plan of having each lesson discussed by a different leader among the outstanding ministers, educators and other Christian workers. Joseph Fort Newton, Wm. L. Stidger, Francis J. McConnell, James I. Vance, G. Walter Fiske, Frederick Lynch, Wm. H. Leach, Burris Jenkins, and other notable leaders teach the lesson. Moffatt's Translation is used. It is

In three main divisions, the author ness Life; Entrance and Conquest; deals with the questions, "the reality Early Life in Canaan; the United of the object of religious experience," Kingdom; the Divided Kingdom, and "the responsive subject of Christian the Downward Course.

experience," and "the responsive ob- One excellent feature about these ject of Christian ex·perience." It is a studies is that the great essentials of highly profitable study for all who are faith and life are emphasized and constantly seeking clearer "reason for made clear. They lead the reader to the hope that is in them." a higher regard for the Scriptures and R. C. WILLIAMSON. leave one eager to see the remaining three volumes. HARLAN P. BEACH. Pass on the Torch. Allen Eastman Cross.

104 pp. $1.00. Boston. 1929. The Epistle to the Romans-A Commen- A delightful book of hymns, lyrics tary. H. C. Moule. 437 pp. 5s and free verse by a modern poet. The London. 1928.

poems are all quotable and full of a This book is a new edition of an spirit sensitive to beauty and to God. old work which was so valuable as a A beautiful one is entitled "Into the devotional exposition of the Epistle, Mountain"-Luke 6: 12. that it was thought worth while to The mountain looming in the dark bring it out again. All who know the Is not more strong and still writings of Bishop Moule will recall his "Faith," "The High Priestly Than is thy waiting soul, at prayer Prayer," "From Sunday to Sunday," Upon the conscious hill. and will recognize the luminous char- The waters, dreaming of the stars, acter of the work done by this devout Are not more free and clear and scholarly spirit. There is no in- tellectual debating over minutia. In- Than is thy open heart to Him, stead there is a rich unfolding of Who breathes above thee here. Evangelical Faith. If there were more Spirit who prayest when we pray, pastors studying Commentaries of this Draw thou our souls apart; sort, the sermons they produce would Into the mountain which is God be richer in Biblical content, deeper Bring every wondering heart. in their understanding of life, and "The llook to Know." congregations would not go away from "The Book to Know" is not a large services unfed. JAMES F. RIGGS.

book, but into it is packed a surpris- Power From on High. By John Greenfield.

ingly large number of seed thoughts. Pamphlet. 35<:. Warsaw, Indiana.

Dr. McConaughy learned years ago, The story of the Moravian revival as Bible teacher at Mount Hermon of 1727 which resulted in the conver- School, how to awaken the thoughtful sion of John and Charles Wesley, is mind of youth; here he both stirs and accompanied by a strong appeal for directs the interest of all who would prayer for a new revival. The pambetter know their Bibles. This vol- phlet contains many interesting facts ume is first in a series of four and and has a stimulating spiritual mestakes up "Genesis to Kings: God in sage. Israel," that section which is most D. L. P.

abused and all too little used. Critics A Modern Pilgrim's Progress. Rev. DeWitt will find in this volume that a man Lincoln Pelton, D.D. 136 pp. $1.50. can be thoroughly modern in his New York. 1928.

knowledge and viewpoint and yet be These twelve practical addresses, true to the record in those earlier based on Bunyon's "Pilgrim's Prog- Scriptures. The chapters relate to the ress," deal with the progress of a pres- Book of Beginnings; the Book of De- ent-day Christian. They are inspiring.

liverance; the Books of the Wilder- M. T. SHELFORD.