The Missionary Review of the World — October 1938

1938

• Special India Number India as a Mission Field Today Alexander McLeish Some Important Facts About India Editorial Present Day Indian Religions Nicol Macnicol An Indian View of the Task in India S. K. Datta India's Attitude Toward Christianity A. Ralla Ram The Place of Education in India P. G. Bhagwat Indian Christian Missionary Work P. Damman Philip Work for the Outcastes of India J. Waskom Pickett Indian Women Evangelizing India E. Naomi Wells "The Blind Receive Their Sight" Stuart Bergsma Three Great Missionaries to India C. E. Abraham "The Church Takes Root in India" F. M. Perrill Best Methods for Creating Interest Grace W. McGavran Helpful Books for the Study of India Basil Mathews 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Per.onal Item. Obituary

October 4-S-Warren, Ohio, School of Fred B. Fieber Memorial Mrs. John S. AIlen, of New Yot. Missions. Mrs. George Konold, 314 ' Scott Street, N. E., Warren, Ohio. Ten years ago Dr. Fred Fisher City, died in Portsmou~ New~ October 5-12- United Lu therail. brought a Hindu temple from Be- shire, on August 25. Edith Mar H~ Church in America, Biennial Con- nares, India. Just before his death den was born sixty-nine years aa9. ~ vention, Baltimore, Md. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. CJuUolilli he promised it to a Southern College Hedden of Newark, New Jersey.8be 'om' married the Rev. Dr. John S. All.." in Lakeland, Florida, where it is now October 6 – General Conference of being erected under the supervision wDhuotchwaRsefaosrsmisetdantMmaribnliesteCr oollfeda "', the Evangelical Church, Johnstown, of Mrs. Fisher, as a memorial to her Pa. husband. The temple will stand near Church, New York, from 1906 to 191 " October 9-10-Home Missions Confer- the E. Stanley Jones School of Reli- and who died in 1934. Mrs. Allen wq; ence on the City Church. Buffalo, gion; it will be surmounted by a N.Y. cross, and inside,,"-instead of an idol, active in Christian work, having beea" for over twentr years the Secreblr.r October 14-20 – American Lutheran there will be an 'altar, signifying the of the Woman s Board of DomestJe' Church Biennial Convention, San- change that has taken place in many Missions of the Reformed Church tit' dusky, Ohio. Hindu villages. America. ' ••• October 16-21-International Conven- ••• Rev. Carey Bonner, formerw ot tion,_ Disciples of Christ. Denver, Rev. Robert F. Ogden, D.D., a Colo. Southern Presbyterian missionary, is Bengal, died in England last J~ October 20-Baltimore, Md., Institute going to the Louisville (Kentucky) He was the author of a missionary Theological Seminary as instructor in cantata, "In God's Garden." Mr. Bon- for Church Women. Mrs. Bruce H. Hebrew and Old Testament for the a,.. ner also prepared the musical setti~ McDonald, 515 West Fayette Street, academic year 1938-39, a position Baltimore, Md. made vacant by the death of Dr. Jesse for the two Bengali hymns which Lee Cotton in December, 1937. • • pear in "Hymns For Today." October 24-25 – Home Missions Con- ference on the City Church. Cleve- ••• • land, Ohio. Mrs. Ervin L. Pederson, of Saba- Dr. E. Stanley Jones, who IeftIndia ranpur, India, a missionary under the: October 25-27-Congregational-Chris- in July for an evanr,listic tour of Board of. Foreign Missions of the: tian Mid-West Regional Meeting, Australia and the Umted States, will Presbyterian Church, was killed by & Wichita, Kansas, under aUspices of take part in the University Christian landslide in Landour, India, August 6- the Missions Council. Mission under the auspices of the Before her marriage she taught in October 31 to Nov. 1-Home Missions Federal Council of Churches, October Isabella Thoburn College, and when, in 1923, she married Mr. Pederson, Conference on the City Church. 2 to December 2. Dr. Jones plans to she went with her husband to Allaha. Kansas City, Mo. sail December 4 for England, and · . . from there he will fly to Madras to be • bad where both taught in the Institute. November 6-11-International Good- will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. in time for the International Mission- •• ary Conference, DecembeT 13-30. William Charles Willoughby, wbo December 6-9-Biennial meeting of is remembered for his ministry in the Federal Council of Churches, Khama's country and for founding' Buffalo, N. Y. Helen Keller has been al?pointed by President Roosevelt as chairman of a TigerkIoof, died recently in London. December 13-30 – International Mis- commission to promote the govern- After Prof. Willoughby was advised sionary Council, Madras, India. ment purchase of goods made by blind by doctors to give up work he taught persons. ••• in, the Kennedy School of Missions in Hartford, Conn., for several years, and while there wrote authoritative ISERVICE I Rev. W. T. Morris, B.A., who has books on the Bantu. succeeded Rev. Robert Griffith as Sec- ••• retary of the London Missionary So- Rev. Emory W. Hunt, D.D., Bap- ciety for Wales and Monmouth, has tist educator, preacher and mission- been active in social service in the dis- ary leader, died May 20, at the age of tressed areas of South Wales. He was one of the secretaries that organ- 66. Dr. Hunt, for 20 years, was a member of the American Baptist For"; IF YOU are considering the • • • ized the miSSionary exhibition of 1926. eign Mission Society, and later was publication of a book, Mr•• Eunice Gabbi Weaver, Bra- President of Denison University and • • • then of Bucknell University. pamphlet, or tract, why not zilian wife of an American Methodist let us make it for you? Our missionary, now on a visi~ to America, Dr. William Goodell Frost, Presi- has devoted her life to the preventive facilities are most modem, phases of le'p'rosy treatment. She was dent of Berea College, Kentucky, from and our location is at the one of Brazll's delegates to the Inter- 1892 to' 1920, died at his home in 1 "heart of distribution." Esti- national Congress on Leprosy in Cairo. Berea on September 11th. Dr. Frost was 84 years of age, having been born mates on your pllrticu/ar re- ••• in Leroy, N. Y., July ~f 1854. After quirements, with expert Dr. Oscar B. Maurer, since 1915 being graduated from uoerlin College, Recording Secretary of the American counsel, will be gladly fur- Board, is the new Moderator of the he was a professor there until going nished on request. Congregation-Christian Church. He to Berea. Dr. Frost was a fascinat- in, speaker and writer on the Moune~ 8otJu. has been for thirty rears pastor of tameers of the South and did much the Center Congregational Church of to bring their needs before the atten- New Haven, Conn., and has served p~ twenty-four years on the Executive tion of Americans everywhere. When he went to Berea, the college Committee of the American Mission- trained both Negro and White stu- E:FFE:CTIVE: PRINTING AT • ary Association. ECONOMICAL PRICE:S dents but in 1904, Kentucky pro- •• hibited teaching Negroes and Whites Dr. Hugh Elmer Brown, pastor of in the same classes. The Negroes, The Evangelical Pre•• the First Congregational Church of therefore, were sent to other institu- Evanston, Dl, was elected President PriIIIIs.. 01 of the Congregational Board of Home tions. For the following 16 years Dr. The Jf~ …… o/fIuJ World Frost worked to build up the student Third and R.ily St:….b Missions at the General Council at body and to secure income and endow- Beloit. His church in Evanston is . Harri.&url, P.nnsylvania known as the ''winter capital of Con- ments. When he went to Berea the school had only 375 students; when gregationalism." he left there were 1,218 studentll.

MISSIONARY Editorial Chat how much I enjoy your

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Herewith we publish our special magazine. Since I went out to the DELAVAN L. PIBBSON, Editor INDIA number of THE REVIEW. It Peruvian field four years ago, with will repay a careful reading, especial- my family, we have received the RE- VOL. LXI OCT., 1938 No. 10 ly the articles by Indian Christians. VIEW as the thoughtful gift of a Other papers, not received in time for Publication and Business OIDce– this issue, may be expected in our No- friend. It has been one of our most Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. vember and December numbers. One fertile sources of inspiration, and has of particular interest is by W. Q. provided a fund of useful missionary Editorial and Executive OIDce– Lash of the Ohrista Prema Seva information. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Sangha of Poona. He deals with the Entered as second-class matter at Indian Sadhu and Ashram as an ef- IRANaNza. rTreAnYeLOCRnl uMrcihssiino=Preyruo.f the fective means of spreading Christian- Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ity in India. "We find * *RE*VIEW especially Act ot March 3, 1879. Send in your orders early. THE 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Dr. S. M. T*enn*ey,*curator of the helpful in our loan packages and we Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. Historical Foundation Library of the recommend it at every available op- British agents – Marshall, Morgan Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, portunity." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, desires to complete the files of THE ALMERE L. SCOTT, Director, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Dept. of Debating and Public 10 shillings a year. especially copies of the first ten years Discussion, University of of THE REVIEW, 1878-1887. Wisconsin. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. This library, located at Montreat, We couldn't *"ke*ep *house" without N. C., is in a fireproof building and BOARD OF DIRECTORS has the best collection of books and the MISSIONARY REVIEW. We depend ROBERT E. SPEER, President reports of Presbyterian and Reformed upon it to keep up on general mission A. L. WABNSHUIS, Vic8-Pre8itJ8nf Church work in existence. Dr. Ten- trends in the interdenominational WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ney has spent many years in his ef- world, and appreciate particularly DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Becretaf'!/ forts to build up this remarkable col- your two issues per year given over lection. to the interdenominational study PAUL J. BRAISTED themes. Of these issues we distribute SAMUEL MCCREA. CAVERT *** great numbers to our general church constituency, particularly for use in D. J. FANT Among the recent comments on women's missionary groups. THE REVIEW, received from various MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD friendly readers, are the following: Very truly yours, WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH "I take this opportunity to tell you GENEVIEVE BROWN, SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Executive Secretary, Mission- Before the various communions or ary Education Department, denominations can agree among one United Christian Missionary another, each must obviously agree Society. within itself.-T. S. Eliot, London.

~25,000 PASTORS USE Cbt IIpptr Room More than 25,000 pastors-in America and other lands-are using THE UPPER ROOM in their congregations and have found it immensely helpful, not only as a daily devotional guide for individual and family worship, but also for its value in encouraging such important phases of a year-round church program as Family altars Church attendance Daily Bible reading Soul winning If your church has not used THE UPPER So effective is this devotional periodical in strengthening the religious ROOM, the fourth quarterly issue, now ready lives of those who read it regularly, that in the brief period of three for distribution, is an excellent one to begin years it attained a circulation of 1,000,000 copies per issue. with. Decidedly one of the best yet published, it will prove a valuable aid in your fall and CONSIGNMENT ORDER INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION· winter program. Issue lor October, November, December THE UPPER ROOM. You are invited to order the October-No- (For use 01 Pastor or Group Leader. vember-December issue on our liberal con- Order ten or more copies.) Doctors' Building, signment plan. Use the order form at the Nashville, Tenn. right. THE UPPER ROOM, Gentlemen: EL APOSENTO ALTO, the Spanish edition Doctors' Building, I am inclosing herewith thirty cents of TIlE UPPER ROOM, is available at the Nashville, Tenn. same price as the English. (Ioreign, lorty cents) lor which please Gentlemen: send me The Upper Room for one year, THE UPPER ROOM Please send me copies 01 The Upper Room postpaid. I will postpaid, begininng with _ _ _ __ Doctors' Building Nashville, Tenn. sell these lor five cents per copy and quarterly issue. pay lor same when sold. It is under- Name stood that I have the privilege 01 re- &treet or Route _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ turning at your expense any unsold Post-ollice _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ copies. • A single copy by mail anywhere 10 Name cents. Street or Route _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Post-ollice _ _ _ _ _ State _ __ [449 ]

hy H. R. Ji'e"fJer FOUR METHODS OF MISSIONARY WORK IN

1. Education-Students in Rang Mahal School, Lahore. 3. Industrial-A Carpentry Class at Moga, Panjab. 2. Medical~'aklng Blood Tests in Leper Asylum, Allahabad. 4. Evangelistic-A Bible Woman Telling the Gospel Story. ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 10 OCTOBER, 1938 Topics of the Times AS CHRIST LOOKS AT INDIA works of mercy, He looked with righteous indig- nation. Does He not look with the same dis- India's view of Christ has vastly changed in the pleasure today on Indian priests, gurus and other past fifty years. Then, so far as she saw Christ at all, India looked upon Him as some strange leaders who selfishly seek to keep the people from following the true Light?

foreign God, an enemy of the Hindu deities. She Toward the weak and erring, as in the cases looked upon Him and His representatives as the of the woman taken in adultery and Peter in his opponents of caste and the suttee, of the Hindu denial, Jesus looks into Indian hearts today with temple rites and of Hindu priests; of child mar- sorrow and rebuke, but with understanding and riage, purdah and other long established customs. a deep desire to bring victory out of defeat. Consequently the Gospel of Christ was bitterly opposed, especially by the priests, and converts The varied motives and acts of men He sees were ostracized or threatened with death. Today with clear discernment, as when he distinguished between the gifts of the poor widow and of the the name of Christ is honored by great multitudes rich who cast their money into the temple treasof Indians, even by those who do not profess to ury. Does He not see, today as then, the varied accept Him as Lord and Saviour. Men like Dr. motives and values in the gifts of missionaries Rabindranath Tagore, Dr. Ambedkar, Mr. Na- and Indian Christians as they offer their lives, tarajan, (Editor of the Indian Social Reformer) their children, their testimonies and their ma- and Mahatma Gandhi, acknowledge the suprem- terial gifts to God? Like the Father, Jesus disacy and beauty of the character and teachings of cerns the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Jesus, even while they refuse to accept His claims Toward the -ignorant and helpless multitudes, and do not acknowledge His authority. This who are still like sheep without a shepherd, Jesus change of attitude has been brought about chiefly was and is moved with compassion. Then he by the lives and faithful witness of missionaries looked on the sorrowing widow of Nain whose who have sacrificially interpreted Christ to the only son had died, on the leper who came for people of India. Today caste, long looked upon cleansing, on the blind who sought healing, and He as the great obstacle to Christianity, is gradually gave them help. He had compassion on the hunlosing its hold on India and there are signs that gry crowd by the sea of Galilee and fed them. great masses of the people may wish to come into How about Christ's view of the three hundred the Christian Church-in fact they are coming. and fifty million people in India today? He can The attitude of India toward Christ has indeed still·supply the Bread of Life and asks His dischanged. What about the attitude of Christ to- ciples to distribute Living Bread to the hungry. ward India? He who is "the same yesterday, to- Toward all India, and in a peculiar way toward day and forever" does not change; His attitude earnest souls who have been endeavoring to live toward the people of India is the same as it was up to their light, Christ's attitude is one of yearntoward ignorant, sinful and suffering mankind in ing and appealing love. During His days on the days when He came to earth to seek and to earth, when the law-abiding young man came runsave the lost, nineteen centuries ago. What was ing and kneeled before him, we are told that His attitude then? "Jesus beholding him, loved him." The price that On the selfish hypocrites and the hard-hearted, Indians today are called upon to pay for followwho opposed His healing on the Sabbath and other ing Jesus Christ is great-too great in the minds [451 ]

of some-but, as of old so today, Jesus loves these The Jerusalem Conference also gave a new groping multitudes and calls them to leave all and impetus to the program of evangelism. The Five- follow Him. Year Movement in China was one result; the India today is filled with its multitudes of sin- Kingdom of God Movement in Japan was another; ning, suffering, i'gnorant and hungry men, women in India there wail also the Forward Evangelistic and children but they are lovable-God loves Movement and a closer study of the Mass Move- them and Christ died for them. What wonderful ments. The "Jerusalem Message" was a great possibilities He sees in them! What a privilege it gift of God to His Church. It has been very is to help them attain larger life-Eternal Life- widely used and has stimulated and directed mis- so that they may grow into "the measure of the sionary effort.

stature of the fulness of Christ." Many Indian While the younger churches received more men and women, like Dr. Chatterji, Sadhu Sun- recognition at the Jerusalem Conference than at dar Singh, Susie Sorabji,and Pandita Ramabai, Edinburgh, at t1te Madras Conference their rep- have already shown what God can do in those and resentatives will equal or exceed in numbers the through those who yield their 'ives to Christ. delegates from the sending churches of the West.

This coming year shall we hot study India in In the younger churches of the mission lands in order that we may look upon the great people of 1903 there were 1,214,797 communicant members that wonderful land, through the eyes of Christ? (Protestants), eight years later there were 2,301,- By such a study we may see not only their short- 772; in 1925 the number had grown to 3,565,443; comings and their great need, but we may learn the new Statistical Survey reports that in 1935 to appreciate their wonderful possibilities and the there were 6,045,726 members. The younger transformations that have already been wrought churches are growing in size and independence. by the power of God. Here is a fascinating sub- Madras will be the most representative Ecuject for study; it is also a challenging opportu- menical Christian gathering ever known, reprenity to bring the people of India a saving knowl- senting particularly the Protestant world. Dele- gates will come from every continent and from edge of God's unspeakable Gift. sixty nations and races. Africa will have more * FROM EDINBURGH TO MADRAS native representatives than ever gathered at one place outside that continent. Latin America is to World-wide systematic missionary cooperation be fully represented; sixty delegates are expected began to develop at the Edinburgh Conference in from China and twenty-five from Japan. Others 1910. There bad been experiments in coopera- are coming from Moslem lands. Of all the elected tion before bm; only the American and German delegates to Madras, more than half will come missionary boards met together in conference be- from the younger churches. These people are fore that time. Today there are twenty-six Na- coming with great expectancy-with a great hope. tional Christian Councils and Conferences that We are living at a time when righteousness are fully organized for cooperation in promoting seems to be in danger of being defeated. We have the Kingdom of God throughout the world. From had a century of experiment in evangelical mis- Edinburgh, too, there sprang great Ecumenical sionary work. We have still much to learn in the Church Conferences. way of winning the individual to Christ and at The Jerusalem Conference in 1928 marked a the same time winning his family and his clan. distinct advance over Edinburgh. Those eighteen From Madras we hope there will grow it remarkyears revealed real progress in the conception of able forward movement in bringing the Gospel to the task. At Edinburgh they talked of unoccupied whole groups of people. A new challenge will be geographic areas. At Jerusalem there were no brought in evangelism. maps, no discussion of geography, no statistics. Madras will be concerned not only with evan- The discussions were in terms of Christ and hu- gelism but with the Church as a fellowship of beman relations-the whole idea of the missionary lievers in Christ. The organization and support task was enlarged. At Jerusalem the delegates of indigenous churches is one of the subjects that were not thinking merely of occupying the face challenge us. Madras will be concerned particuof the globe but of bringing Christ into control larly with the Church-its message, the sources of the whole range of human life. Thus a natural of its inner life, the promotion of unity and codevelopment was the emphasis placed on the need operation. of the great rural populations of Africa and Asia. We also learned that we must give more attention Madras will also bring a message to youthto the problem of presenting the Christian mes- otherwise it will fail. If the missionary movesage to the Jews. ment is going forward, the young people must carryon in the Name and Power of Christ. Much • Extracts from an address by Dr. A. L. Warnshuls, given at study and earnest prayer has been going up for the Farewell Dinner to the women delegates to the Madras Conference. Madras. We are trusting in God to lead us on to

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

a mount of vision where we may learn what He Another feature of the Survey is the more adewould do through us, and where we may receive quate place given to the work of the rising power for His world-wide work. churches in the various mission fields. The Sur- vey shows that most of these churches are grow- * SIGNS OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS ing in size and strength, in self-support, in mis- sionary activity and in independence. They are Foreign mission work has been carried on by facing their own problems; they are looking to the Christian Church ever since Paul and Barna- God and His Word for guidance; they may be bas were set apart at Antioch in Syria at the com- counted on to carry forward the work even if mand of the Holy Spirit and were sent out to foreign missionaries should be withdrawn. preach the Gospel of Christ in Asia Minor and beyond. They came back to report to the church One sign of progress-but perhaps the least at Jerusalem what God had been doing for the significant-is that the total Protestant Christian Gentiles through them. Ever since that time re- community in so-called "non-Christian lands" has ports of the missionary progress have been made -more or less complete – and in recent years increased over 50 % in the past decade. This is many volumes have been printed to show how God has fulfilled His promises and has continued not as large a percentage of growth as marked to work through His Church unto the uttermost the previous twenty-five years but the numerical part of the earth. increase has been much greater. In 1903 com- municants numbered 1,214,797 and in 1936 there A new statistical survey of world missions has are reported in the same fields 6,045,726-a fivejust been published under the auspices of the In- fold increase. At the same time it must be borne ternational Missionary Council, with many new in mind that the growth of the non-Christian popand valuable features. It is now thirteen years ulation in such lands as India, China and Japan since the "World Missionary Atlas" was pub- has been much greater than the numerical inlished, including statistics gathered from every crease of Christian believers. land and from practically all the Protestant missionary agencies. Many changes that have taken It is significant to note in this Survey the very place in the world-economically, politically and diversified activity of the 27,577 Protestant Chrisreligiously-have affected the whole missionary tian missionaries. They not only preach the Gossituation. These changes call for a new review. pel of Christ as evangelists but they have estab- lished 55,395 organized churches; they conduct The approach of the coming International Mis- 53,158 elementary schools and 1,923 higher schools sionary Conference at Madras in December also and colleges; they minister to health in 1,092 calls for a clear statement of the facts on which hospitals and 2,351 dispensaries and they support conclusions may be based. The Madras Confer- 195 orphanages and rescue homes. They have ence may be expected to mark the beginning of a also translated and printed the Bible in about new era in Protestant missions. Statistics speak 1,000 languages and dialects and each year disvolumes when rightly interpreted by those who tribute over 15 million Bibles, Testaments and know the facts; world-wide statistics are required Scripture portions. Other work in Christian litto make intelligent comparisons as to progress, erature, social service and industrial education is effective service and the extent of the unfinished not recorded here. task. This vast Protestant missionary enterprise is This new statistical survey is unique in the fact supported by free-will gifts from the home lands that twenty-six missionary specialists contribute amounting to $31,000,000 and an almost equal to the interpretation of the facts. These contrib- amount ($28,738,790) from the Christians on the utors include such missionary statesmen as Dr. mission fields. John R. Mott; professors of missions, such as Dr. K. S. Latourette; missionaries like John L. In the midst of the discouraging problems and Eakin of Siam; and Christians from mission difficulties of the present day, we find in this surlands, such as Dr. Paik of Chosen and Dr. Francis vey much to encourage. There is need to study Wei of China. Twenty-seven interpretive articles these facts and figures so that Christian misare supplied by these authorities, dealing with sion work may be better balanced and may be various mission fields and different phases of mis- carried forward in harmony with New Testament sion work, including evangelistic, educational, ideals and with full dependence on the guidance medical and literary activities. A special section and power of the Spirit of God. is devoted to Roman Catholic missions and another to Christian work among the Jews. CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY IN "OCCUPIED" AREAS IN CHINA • A review of the newly published "Interpretative Statistical Survey of the World Mission of the Christian Church." Edited by The Japanese-occupied areas of China, extend- J?seph I. Parker. 324 pp. $5.00. International Missionary Coun- ing over nine provinces, are marked by much suf- CIl, New York and London. 1938. fering and misery. But everywhere Christian

workers, foreign and Chinese, are continuing copal Church all the dormitory buildings are oc- faithfully and conscientiously their Christ-like cupied by the Christian workers and their fam- ministry. They are striving to counteract the ilies who were compelled to flee from the interior evils brought by the conflict in the nine provinces -altogether over 400 people. In addition, 250 of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei, Shantung, Shansi, women and children are housed in one of the Hopei, Honan, Charhar and Suiyuan. According wings of Yen Hall.

to charts compiled by the National Christian Some 1,298 churches of different denominations Council of China there are 261,500 of these Chris- in Japanese-occupied areas throughout the nine tians engaged in combatting the evils of war. provinces are rendering relief service; and 89 They have had the courage to remain in their mission hospitals are functioning within these homes to face dangers and are trusting God to areas. Nine universities, 2Z seminaries, 67 senior protect and help them. middle schools and 34 junior middle schools run Kiangsu reports 98,000 such Christians stick- by Christian missions are carrying on their aca- ing to their posts in the Japanese-occupied areas. demic work throughout regions now occupied by Scattered in the eight other provinces there are the Japanese.

also 65,000 in Shantung, 50,000 in Hopei, 20,000 The Church of Christ in China, which has its in Chekiang, 17,000 in Shansi, 5,000 in Honan, supervisory organization in the General Assembly 2,500 in Anhwei and 2,500 in Suiyuan and Char- with head office now in Hankow, has 61 churches, har. These Chinese Christians have a great field six hospitals, three senior middle and one junior of service, helping their war-afflicted fellow-men. middle schools in Kiangsu Province; 45 churches, The Christian hospitals and churches have proved one hospital and one senior middle school in Che- to be lifeboats in the storm-tossed sea. kiang Province; 230 churches, four hospitals, one The National Christian Council is the national seminary, two senior middle and two junior mid- and interdenominational body whose secretaries- dle schools in Shantung Province; 38 churches, American, British and Chinese-are busy raising four hospitals and two senior middle schools in funds for war relief. The N. C. C. is cooperating Hopei Province and 48 churches in Honan Prov- with the China International Famine Relief Com- ince.

mission. The Presbyterian Missions also report fifty In Nanking, despite the Japanese occupation, churches, two hospitals and five senior middle foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians are schools in Kiangsu Province; 58 churches, three earnestly trying to alleviate the suffering of 25,000 hospitals, three seminaries, four senior middle and destitute, mostly women and children in the two junior middle schools in Shantung Province refugee camps with the help of the Red Cross. and one university in Hopei Province.

Some of the missionaries in Nanking are seek- The American Methodist Episcopal Mission re- ing ways that will reform the Japanese soldiers. ports nine churches, one hospital, one seminary, Mr. Forster, of the American Church Mission, three senior middle and one junior middle schools says that "all sorts of evil influences surround the in Kiangsu Province; one hospital and one junior Japanese soldiers in Nanking-cabarets, saloons middle school in Anhwei Province; eleven and brothels . . ." He speaks of the possibility churches and two junior middle schools in Shan- of persuading the Japanese Church to send over tung Province; 71 churches, six hospitals, two Japanese to work among the troops, to hold serv- seminaries, six senior and two junior middle ices, keep open house, offer opportunities for read- schools in Hopei Province and three churches in ing, writing letters, and wholesome diversions. Charhar.

Such work would be invaluable for the men and Missions and denominations that maintain for the cause of Christ. churches and institutions in the Japanese-occu- In Shanghai, missionaries and Chinese Chris- pied areas include the China Inland Mission, Inde- tians form one of the most active groups in pendent Mission, American and English Baptist refugee relief work. No.2 camp has a capacity Mission, Bethel Mission, American Advent Mis- of 250 beds and an average daily clinic of between sion, Church of England Mission, American Board 150 and 160. Dr. Joseph McCracken, superintend- Mission (Congregational), American and Cana- ent of St. Luke's Hospital in Shanghai, and his dian Presbyterian Missions, the Salvation Army, staff are giving part of their time to this work. United Christian Mission, American Friends Mis- Many of the refugee camps are provided by Chris- sion, Northern and Southern Methodist Missions, tian groups and tens of thousands have been ac- and Oriental Mission.

commodated in single camps at different times. Is it any wonder that the Chinese are coming to The Salvation Army, backed financially by the realize, more and more, that the Christian mis- International Red Cross and by private subscrip- sionaries are their best friends, and that in Christ tions, has also done notable service. and His program are to be found the hope of At St. John's University of the Protestant Epis- China?

WHAT CAN RETIRED MISSIONARIES DO? spired letter, the "fruit of the Spirit" is not ora- tory or great deeds, or large gifts of money. The There are hundreds of missionaries who have fruit of the Spirit is seen in the manifestation of been obliged to retire from active service in their true love and in the resulting characteristic of chosen field because of temporary ill health or Christ. This fruit can be produced in the sick because they have reached a specified age limit. room and in missionaries who are without phys- Many are almost discouraged. They are "honor- ical strength. "Though the outward man is decayably retired" but retired nevertheless. Some are ing, yet the inward man is renewed day by day." from home mission fields and others from foreign The result is often an inspiration to young people, lands where they have spent their energy in sac- leading them out into lives of consecrated service. rificial service. When these are obliged to return to their homeland on half-salary, many find them- Third: Many "Retired" missionaries can share selves in a strange land, among strangers, and their experiences with others by preaching and out of joint with their environment. What can speaking on missions, without any financial apthey do to use their time, their remaining energy peal. Many a congregation and many individuals and their rich spiritual experience? may be aroused to take a new interest in the work of the Kingdom by hearing what missionaries The first thought to consider is that the people have seen with their own eyes of the needs of in the homeland owe them a great debt for hav- man, and of the work of God, at home and abroad. ing been the representatives of the Church, in Any missionary who has spiritualli/e and experibehalf of Christ, in the distant and more difficult ence can be used to inspire and enlist others in sections of the vineyard. A royal welcome should the great world-wide campaign of Christ. John, be given these servants of Christ in every com- the apostle, is said to have continued his ministry munity, in every church and in every Christian until he was 100 years old-an age at which most circle. They should be made to feel at home and missionaries have been "retired." that their help and comradeship are needed and desired. CHRISTIAN COOPERATION IN IRAN But what can they do? Dr. Walter L. Lingle, The two principle evangelical church bodies in President of Davidson College, North Carolina, Iran have cordial relations with each other. The suggests (in the Christian Observer) some things leading body in the south is an outgrowth of the that "Retired Ministers" can do. Cannot Retired work of the Church Missionary Society of Eng- Missionaries do the same? land, and the one in the north of the American Presbyterian Mission. A census· shows hundreds First: They can engage in a special ministry of Christian converts from Islam, other hundreds of prayer. Nothing is more important than fer- of the Armenian race, a large body from the old vent prayer that is effectual. They have more Nestorian church, more than a hundred Jewish time to pray than most busy Christians think they converts and a few former Zoroastrians and memcan spend in this exercise. From long experience bers of other races. they know better how to pray. They have learned to know God; they know the scriptural principles A deepening of spiritual life is urged upon all of prayer; they know the needs of the field and of Christians and a series of meetings on the meanthe human heart; and they know the blessedness ing of Christ to the individual, led by Christian of answered prayer. They can pray for other mis- teachers and doctors, have resulted in awakened sionaries by name and need; for the children of interest, especially among young people. Other missionaries away from home, or in unwholesome series are to follow. A number of new converts surroundings. They can pray for the officials and from Islam are reported in the south and wherfor the problems of the native churches; and they ever a small group can be gathered this is used can pray for the office and work of the Boards as a nucleus for a church. at home. They can pray for the pastors, and Sunday-school teachers and for the churches of the At a Bible Conference at Ramadan last year communities where they live; they can pray for there were seventy-one women and seventy-four the 'conversion and consecration of individuals men delegates. (Forty-nine were converts from with whom they come into contact. Can anyone Islam, one from Zoroastrianism, thirty-eight were have a richer field of service? Armenian, sixteen were Assyrian by race, twenty- five were Jewish.) There was one Russian, and Second: Retired missionaries can show the fifteen English and American missionaries were power of Christ in personal life and conversation. in attendance. Many ripened saints are a benediction merely because of what they are as Christians, rather than Wherever Daily Vacation Bible Schools have because of what they do? "What they are shouts been held, results have far exceeded expectations so loud that we do not need to hear what they and there is also increased interest in literacy and say." According to the Apostle Paul in his in- adult education.

SOME FACTS ABOUT INDIA* AREA OF TWENTY BRITISH-CONTROLLED PROVINCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,300 Over four times the size of France; over twenty times the area of Japan proper.

AREA OF 562 INDIAN STATES AND AGENCIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711,032 These are in 18 geographical groups and the total areas are nine times the area of the British Isles.

TOTAL AREA OF INDIA (including Burma, but not Ceylon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805,332 This is about two-thirds the area of Continental United States of America.

TOTAL POPULATION OF INDIA AND BURMA IN 1931 ……………………. 352,976,876 British Provinces ………….. 271,739,312 Indian States. … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,237,564 PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES OF INDIA, AND NUMBER OF USERS (1921~.

Western Hindi ……………. 96,715,000 Bengali …………………. . 49,294,000 Telugu ………………….. 23,601,000 Marathi ………………… . 18,798,000 Tamil …………………… 18,780,000 Rajasthani ………………. . 12,681,000 Panjabi ………………….. 16,234,000 Oriya …………………… . 10,143,000 Karanese ………………… 10,734,000 Burmese ………………… . Gujerati …………………. Malayalam ………………. . 8,423,000 9,552,000 7,498,000 Eighteen other Languages – 73,000,000.

RELIGIONS OF INDIA AND BURMA: 1921 1981 Increase Hindu Sects …………………………… 216,734,586 238,463,996 10% Moslem. .. . . . . . . . . . . … . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 68,73'> 233 79,889,792 16% Buddhists …………………………….. 11,571,268 12,725,329 10% Sikhs ………………………………… 3,238,803 4,316,717 33% J ains ………………………………… 1,178,596 1,205,245 9% Primitive Religions ……………………… 9,774,611 7,898,081 Loss 20% Christian ……………………………… 4,754,064 6,290,292 Gain 32% At the same time the population of India and Burma has increased over 11 %.

CHRISTIAN POPULATION OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON: Protestants ………..•………………….•…..•………….. 3,002,558 (Of these 901,804 are communicants) Roman Catholics …………………..•…….•.•..•………….. 2,113,659 (Counting all members of a family) Syrians, Armenians and Others •…••.••……………………….. 793,260 (About 2% of the people of India are counted as Christian adherents) DISTRIBUTION AND EVANGELIZED PEOPLES: Cities and villages of India ……………………………………………. 740,832 Cities and villages where Christians reside ………………………………. 46,794 Cities and villages where missionaries reside ……………………………… Villages without any Christians ………………………………………… 1,134 634,038 There are 2,313 towns and cities with populations of from 5,000 to 1,175,914 each.

INDIAN STATES UNOCCUPIED BY MISSIONARIES: Various areas .. . 958,113 Nepal ………. 5,600,000 Bhutan…… … 300,000 MISSIONARIES AND INDIAN CHRISTIAN WORKERS IN INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON: Missionaries "'M en Indian Men Women Women Pastors and Evangelists ………………… . 1,380 1,004 13,637 6,191 Educational Work ……………………… . 419 854 20,753 10,079 Medical Work ………………………… . 89 334 Miscellaneous …………………………. . 168 718 1,168 1,173 2,805 896 Total ……………………………. 2,056 3,456 37,913 18,334 These missionaries work in 281 societies-including 65 British, 51 American, 10 European, 10 from British Dominions and 35 Indian and Burmese societies.

THE MANY TYPES OF WORK conducted by missionaries are seen in the fact that there are 1,977 missionary institutions in India. These include 15 union schools and colleges, 50 agri- cultural settlements, 65 leper homes, 568 boarding schools, 242 high schools, 46 colleges, 34 printing presses, 112 industrial schools, 69 seminaries for pastors and evangelists, 283 hospi- tals, 525 dispensaries, 10 tuberculosis sanitariums, 12 homes for the blind, 40 homes for women, 75 orphanages and 37 social welfare institutions. Total Christian schools, 13,769.

• From the Statesman's Year Book, the India Directory of ChrIstian MIssIons (1933), and the Statistical Survey of the World MIssion (1938). ,.. I • & T ARA81AN SEA 6' __ INDIA, BURMA and CEYLON mis5fonUY oc.cu~ …!!2!1~~…. "-,-",, ……}-. ~~-=–=.:- ~{~– ,,'

From the India Directory of Christian Mi"sions THE MISSIONAR'Y OCCUPATION OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON Each dot represents one of the 1,134 stations where Protestant Missionaries reside. The unoccupied areas are easily distinguished. The numbers refer to British provinces and Indian states as numbered In the Direotory of Missions.

India as a Mission Field Today By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London i~ Formerly a missionary in Ajmerj now Survey Editor for "The World Dominion"

~==========================~, T HE study of India as a mission field today places out of the more than 670,000 towns and presents us with a problem of vast dimen- villages of India, and that Christians reside in sions. The demand which it makes on the certainly not more than 70,000 of these places, Christian Church might be considered from four of which more than half are in the Madras Presi- standpoints: dency alone, it can be seen how great that un- FIRST, there is the great unfinished task of finished task is. Five hundred Native State areas have still no resident missionary. There is only missionary occupation. When it is remembered an average of nine missionaries to 1,000,000 that missionaries are resident in less than 1,000 [457 ] people, and the greater number of these are con- church, of combating the economic dislocation fined to a small number of cities and urban areas. which their existence in the Indian environment A very large number of missionaries are absorbed has produced. There is also the need of working in institutional work so that a comparatively and praying for the day of a truly indigenous small number are free for the task of evangelism movement such as the many group movements of in the great rural areas. The pioneer work and today show to be inherent in the situation, and far-flung evangelism still called for seems quite towards which every effort should be deliberately beyond the ability of the foreign missionaries directed. likely to be· available. THIRD, we have the sphere of activity in the The possibility of the foreign worker achiev- 4,500 mission institutions of various kinds which ing much in this field is limited in other ways also. have sprung up. It is computed that less than five The climatic, the geographical and political diffi- per cent of the Qhristian community is served culties to be confronted have been largely the by these institutions, and only a fraction of one reason why the more difficult part of the task is per cent of the non-Christian community. Yet untouched. Linguistic difficulties also greatly there is more than one institution for every misincrease as the missionary moves out from the sionary. Many believe that there are too many; settled centres of life. The villages and hills that all do not serve the main objective of effechave innumerable dialects in addition to the 225 tive evangelism; that this type of effort has been main languages which make it slow and difficult over developed, and that consequently the number work for the foreigner. A pioneer mission would of these institutions should be reduced. Some be well advised, therefore, to study all these fac- missionaries feel that they can serve best in that tors and send out a few well-equipped men who particular type of work and if they can truly be could select qualified Indians who know the lan- most effective to the cause of evangelism and the guage and the people, and plan to carryon the future of the indigenous Church in this service, work of evangelism mainly through them. To it will be time well spent. But the new missionary send out large numbers of foreigners into this will not be able to judge as to this for a confield at this time of day is folly. The Indian siderable time, and may later feel convinced that Church must be called upon to produce its own such work could be better done by an Indian missionary volunteers, and in the fellowship of Christian. The fact that most of these institutions a few choice men from the West and with the sup- are under the charge of foreign missionaries (see port of Western churches, pursue a widespread list in "Directory of Church and Missions in India, work of evangelism, and proclaim by acts of Burma and Ceylon") shows that the process of Christian love and helpfulness the spirit and evolution, so much talked of, has not advanced power of the Christ whom they preach. That very far in them. In any case it would certainly seems the only wise policy in face of the great seem that the extent of institutional work has areas of India where the Gospel has not yet been been developed much beyond the power of the made known. present number of missionaries to conduct it, so that these enterprises suffer from under-staffing SECOND, there is the field of continuing the on one hand and on the other hand tie up the misevangelism of areas where the mission and the sionary and destroy his mobility in face of the un- Church is already established in some measure. finished evangelistic task which lies at his doors. Here the work is still slow, being mainly indi- In one city known to me there are over a hundred vidual work for individuals, resulting not in any missionaries, only one of whom is free for evangeneral movement as yet, but only in slowly build- gelistic work in either town or district. ing up little churches unfortunately largely divorced from the life of the country and not truly FOURTH-There is a great service for the misindigenous. This is not only slow, but very sion today in following up the great "mass movecostly work. I might instance a mission, typical ments," better called "group movements" which of very many, where 37 missionaries have labored are rapidly spreading over India. It must be for over thirty years with a quite substantial recognized that these movements, no matter how budget, and where there is a Christian community indigenous they may be, are the result of the of only about 300 people which is not even self- work of missionaries in these fields extending over supporting. The one hope of such work, provided a considerable period of years. They are parit is dealing effectively and intelligently with the ticularly the result of the widespread preaching evangelism of the rural areas, is that a group of the Gospel in rural areas which, however spasmovement will arise created from the understand- modically and imperfectly it has been done, gives ing of the Gospel. Until that occurs such work is us cause to thank God for this marvelous developlargely a question of marking time, of facing the ment which has overtaken the work in India, and artificial problems of a small conglomerate for the testimony of Indian Christians.

INDIA AS A MISSION FIELD TODAY

The Present-day Challenge in Group ing change, there group movements arise in which Movements the religious motive predominates and where the Christian Church can be established. It does not As this constitutes a new demand on missionary matter in such cases what other influences are support and missionary planning-a demand at work, whether from the West or in response which will profoundly affect previous commit- to the quite legitimate desire for social and ecoments and the whole future outlook of work in nomic uplift such as may be voiced by Dr. Am- India it will be well to consider somewhat the bedkar or anyone else. These other motives will nature of the challenge presented. in fact only help to make the movement, affect- ing as it does the whole life of the people, the Some impressions have been left on my mind more effective and better grounded. as the result of several recent visits to different parts of India. A fourth impression was that in the "mass movements" studied there is no overlooking or The first impression consisted of a new under- minimizing of the importance of individual constanding of the peculiar background of all work version. The truth is that the individual, torn in India due to the solidarity of the social, econ- from his communal group and social environment, omic and religious aspects of its life. In the West cannot live a true individual life at all. Such we have divided life up into compartments but in converts are tragically handicapped from the India a unified outlook and a communal conscience start, and at best can only function in a narrow still exists. The individual belongs to the com- group of similarly situated individuals largely munity in a way that we find difficult to realize. cut off from the life of their community. Many, Hence when we find groups and castes moving it has been found, have not been able to endure bodily into the Christian Church we realize that such a life, and those who do so for the most part such movements are inherent in the total situa- become dependent on some foreign organized tion, and that the appeal for a group movement is group, and their power to exercise an effective a valid method of evangelism. evangelistic influence and function as Christians in the wider field is tragically curtailed. On the A second impression, resulting from this, is other hand, the individual who is persuaded of that these movements are not inexplicable or Christ's claim and who moves with his group is mysterious. They are the inevitable consequence, from the beginning placed in a position of great Indian social life being what it is, of many years advantage. He can at once witness of his new of spade work, in these areas where mass move- faith to his responsive fellows, and may win many ments have occurred, of various kinds of mis- of them from nominal response to real faith. He sionary service-evangelistic and medical tour- can likewise function as a Christian in his ening, famine relief-which have prepared the way vironment and with his fellow Christians can face for them. all the problems of their common life. An in- dividual convert in a group movement is, there- A third impression was that, while the motives fore, worth many times more than an isoinspiring these movements may be mixed, they lated individual torn from all effective contact are nevertheless genuine spiritual responses. The with his old group. In the one case, he is a true solidarity of the social-economic-Teligious life indigenous product rooted in the soil of his own makes it inevitable that social uplift and economic land, while in the other, he is largely an exotic 'betterment as well as religious. aspirations should growth. be in evidence. If this were not so these movements would not be genuine. The question for In this connection, too, it is being everywhere the missionary is: Which motive predominates? duly stressed that while response may be com- If it is a predominantly social, economic or politi- munal, entrance to the fellowship of the Church cal motive which is at work, then the missionary must be one by one. Sad experience makes it is in for trouble; but if the religious motive dom- improbable that this should be overlooked today. inates then the movement can be dealt with on Preparation for baptism is now being emphathat basis, while all other motives fall into their sized; while this hitherto was largely the work of proper place. the missionary and his evangelists it has now be- come chiefly the work of the Indian group leaders. It "follows then that if groups were to express The preparation goes on in the atmosphere and the desire to enter the Christian fold in response under the impetus of a living movement, the to political or social leaders such as Dr. Ambed- spiritual quality of which has only to be seen to kar, among whom evangelism had not prepared be recognized. the way, the resulting problem would be incapable of a Christian solution as things are today. But In a land like India, in group thinking and where missions have been in touch with depressed group action there is actually more solid ground class groups and have in various ways been seeking to serve them, and where the Christian Gospel has been proclaimed as the only basis of any last-

to proceed on than in the case of most individual as its full significance is not generally grasped. thinking and action. Moreover the adequate meeting of such response introduces a new factor which must profoundly In movements having these characteristics the affect the demands of the other fields of service missionary contribution is not an easy one to referred to at the beginning of this article. render. While vitally necessary it is largely supplementary, directing attention to better prepara- The Witness of Indian Christians tion for baptism, right habits of worship along indigenous lines and follow-up work generally. In the first place it profoundly affects the way What is needed is wise planning for foresight in which we view the problem of unevangelized rather than very extensive financial help. A India and the character of future pioneer work. numerically large movement may need the help Here in the witness of these movements is an of only a few extra trained workers and ex- evangelistic appeal which completely overshadows perienced missionaries. With such large numbers all methods ever dt!"vised by missions. The witness self-support should not be difficult if ambitions are of the new converts is not only effective in bringnot allowed to exceed economic possibilities. ing in tens of thousands of the .depressed classes themselves, but its influence on the castes above The responsibilities of Christian missions in a them is one of the most impressive features of the group movement are of a different order from situation (see Dr. Pickett's "Christ's Way to those where the task is the gathering of small India's Heart"). It would indeed seem that India groups of dissociated individuals into churches is to be evangelized from below. As the "deover an extended period of time. The new situa- pressed classes" are scattered everywhere, this tion, if met with on a growingly wider scale, will evangelizing power will be found everywhere, and require a new type of approach. our hope is that there will be enough life in the movement to carry the witness of Christ to the These movements are bringing into existence whole of India. an indigenously minded Church, very different from the conglomerate groups of the past. It is In the second place, it leads us to look with now being recognized that the latter was an in- critical eye at the thousands of institutions that terim stage, the difficulties of which have directed have been created in India. Are all designed to mission activity into many artificially created strengthen the present Christian movement? Are enterprises. In the mass movement we at length they strategically situated? Are they inside the face the true situation from which alone an effec- movement or still outside it? Is it in carrying tive indigenous Church can evolve. Present mis- on these that we can in the present crisis give our sionary activities must henceforth be judged by best service to the on-going Church? These and the searchlight of the requirements of the new many such questions demand an answer. situation and not vice versa as the natural tendency is: Is not this just what missions were Where Group Movements Do Not Exist established to bring about? It has finally happened almost unawares, largely outside our im- In the third place it prompts us to ask very mediate program and creates a dilemma for many pertinent questions regarding the majority of missions as to how to adjust demands of old work our fields where group movements are not in eviand the claims of the new opportunity. dence. Are we dealing realistically and intelli- gently with the actual situation confronting us? A communal movement towards Christianity What are the possibilities of group movements in was not in our missionary plans, and the great- the area? Is our present evangelistic work diness of the opportunity has partially paralyzed rected to creating widespread spiritual hunger some misslOns. Some are more affected than which might be expected to develop into a mass others, and for them the situation calls for drastic movement? Are we working inside the Indian readjustments. All missions, however, whether communal life or outside? In fact, what contriyet affected or not, are called upon to adjust their bution is the present work making to the latent outlook and policies to'the possibilities of the situ- indigenous church which may declare its presation. It has been abundantly demonstrated that ence any day if mission work is being properly wherever contact is being made or can be estab- directed? Remembering that mass movements lished with the depressed classes or aboriginal have been most vital in areas where the Gospel tribes a widespread response can be expected. has been faithfully and widely preached and It would be tragic indeed if the opportunity for throughout which medical and other relief work which so many have labored and prayed should has interpreted its spirit, it is natural to ask be lost through lack of vision and faith at this whether this is the kind of work we are doing juncture. and have we the right objective in view?

I have dwelt at length on this sphere of oppor- In the fourth place, in the mass movement areas tunity which lies before missions in India today

themselves are we realistically facing the possi- the contribution which the mission can render is bilities of that situation in seeking in every pos- continually changing, and it is vital to keep sible way to undergird the movement and, while abreast of the situation. jealous to preser've its indigenous character, doing all we can to help it forward? The Madras Oonference The contribution which missions may be called It is situations such as these that the Madras upon to make is illustrated in the work of the Conference of the International Missionary Bishop of Dornakal where a large Indian staff Council will have to face. It will be called upon under Indian direction works with a few Euro- in no uncertain way to strike the right note in peans who do the kind of work for which they are a distracted world and in face of an organized peculiarly fitted, namely-training teachers and opposition such as has never before existed. pastors for the Church. In another new movement area the mission is called upon to plan for The leaders of the churches of many lands will erection of hundreds of simple places of worship, be present in greater numbers than ever before; for the developing of worship services, for train- it will be the work of the conference to clarify ing of voluntary workers, for provision of some the issues which face the Church throughout the ordained pastors, for promoting indigenous melas world, and to direct it to the one place of power, (conventions), for establishing a single rural mis- namely the Cross of Christ. This incredible fact sionary unit to serve the whole movement from has once again to be declared to be the only means within its borders. Meanwhile, it is important by which God's redemption can be experienced that the actual care and development of the com- and whereby men may meet God in repentance munity be left from the beginning in the hands of and in humility, and thereby can experience His Indian leadership. altogether adequate provision for dealing with sin as this is revealed in Jesus Christ, our Saviour With the emergence of an indigenous Church and Lord.

IT IS HARD TO WORK FOR GOD Oh it is hard to work for God; It is not so, but so it looks; To rise and take His part And we lose courage then, Upon this battlefield of earth, And doubts will come if God hath kept And not sometimes lose heart. His promises to men.

He hides Himself so wondrously Ah! God is other than we think; As though there were no God; His ways are far above"

He is least seen when all the powers Far beyond reason's height, and reached Of ill are most abroad. Only by childlike love.

Or He deserts us at the hour The wondrous fashion of God's ways The fight is all but lost; Love's lifelong study are; And seems to leave us to ourselves She can behold and guess and act, Just when we need Him most. Where reason would not dare.

Yes, there is less to try our faith Workmen of God! Oh lose not heart, In our mysterious creed But learn what God is like; , Than in the godless work of earth, And in the darkest battlefield , In these our hours of need. Thou shalt know where to strike.

III masters good; good seems to change For right is right, since God is God; To ill with greatest ease; And right the day must win; And WDrst of all, the good with good To doubt would be disloyalty, Is at cross purposes. To falter would be sin. F. W. FABER.

Day Indian

~~ By REV. NICOL MACNICOL, D.D., Edinburgh ~ – Recently Secretary of the National Christian Council of .- India, Burma and Ceylonj Author of "Living Religions of the Indian People"

~==.!, ..An.NY general account of the Indian religions the United Provinces has given a list of the would, of course, be impossible within the enemies against wlt6m his people need to be prolimits of this article. The most that can be tected. "We fear the rent-collector," he tells us; attempted is to suggest some ways in which the "we fear the police watchman; we fear everyone circumstances of the present time in India are who looks as if he might claim some authority influencing those religions and altering their over us; we fear our creditors; we fear our character and to indicate the direction in which patrons; we fear too much rain; we fear locusts; they are traveling. Even that limited aim must we fear thieves; we fear the evil spirits that be pursued with much hesitation and uncertainty threaten our children and our animals; and we in view of the long, slow process of growth which fear the strength of our neighbors." 1 has brought the religions to their present form Such fears as these, some of them new and and in view of the deep roots in the spirit of man some as old as the religion they have created, from which they spring. The religions of India make the peasant's life as troubled today as it are unquestionably changing, and yet,· at the same was two thousand years ago. The object that time, one can say that the more they change the casts the shadow changes its shape but the shadow more they remain the same. Isaiah's description still falls and drives the Hindu to offer a victim of Egypt as "Giant Sit-still" might as apJ)ropri- at a shrine or to daub a wayside stone with ver- ately be given to Hinduism. Nevertheless, while milion. If smallpox and plague can sometimes that is true, neither Hinduism, nor any of the be guarded against, still the dread of such hostile other faiths that share with it the control of the forces remains and the "disease-mothers" must Indian spirit has been able wholly to resist the be placated. To make up for the lessening of the powerful influences that in recent years have in- danger from epidemics there is the fact that with vaded India and disturbed her ancient tran- the rapid growth in the popUlation (in an age quillity. when there are fewer epidemics and wars and Hinduism is the religion of the vast majority of famines) there is an increase in the poverty of the people of the land. We must remember that the village people. Centuries ago the poet Kabir in the case of a religion of what we may call so represented a peasant as saying to the obj ect many stories, it is extraordinarily difficult to of his worship: make reliable generalizations. It is a closely A hungry man cannot perform thy service; woven web, holding together the lives of its Take back this rosary of thine.

people in every relationship, providing some kind That situation still persists and it is not surprisof spiritual food for them according to the level ing that ancient laws are not observed in the face of their intelligence and aspiration, buttressing of such necessity. A Hindu believes that he could them with custom and ritual and keeping them al- be guilty of no greater sin than that of killing a ways "in their proper stations." It furnishes ob- cow, but when hunger drives him to sell his cow jects of worship to be dreaded or adored and the to a Moslem butcher it is plain that his religion is means by which their anger may be averted and less powerful in its control over him than once their favor won. Especially in the case of the it was. peasant does Hinduism concern itself with his economic needs, so that the rains may come, the Other causes than poverty are at work, even at seeds germinate and the harvest be gathered. It this religious level, loosening the ties that hold the is no less true today than it was centuries ago social order together and creating that "caste conthat the life of the village Hindu is lived in the fusion" which has always been reckoned a serious midst of fears and he believes it to be the business peril to Hinduism. A sentence from an Indian of religion to protect him against them. Some newspaper gives a startling illustration of the of the old objects of dread may have passed but breaches that are being made in the ancient walls.

new ones have taken their place. A villager of 1 Behind Mud Walls, by C. V. and W. H. Wiser, p. 160.

[462 ]

PRESENT DAY INDIAN RELIGIONS

A married Nair young woman, whose husband was The question of the liberation of the outcaste studying in England for some years, contracted an alliance is not proving so simple. Here orthodoxy and with a Pulaya (Pariah) youth, professing to believe that modernism are in fierce conflict. One of the deher husband was dead. mands made in behalf of these oppressed people is that their rights be restored to them as wor- This "marriage" of a high-caste woman to an shippers within the temples of the Hindu gods. outcaste shows, as the Hindu reporter of the in- But when the Maharaja of Indore recently cident says, that "the sentiment of repulsion" that ordered that the State temples be opened to them, was especially strong between this class of Hindus and this was followed by the murder of a leader and the outcastes, "is losing some of its sharp- of reform in the State, the crime was believed to ness." It reveals, indeed, such a complete break- be the vengeance of orthodoxy. down, both of the Hindu ideal of the sanctity of marriage and of the belief in the untouchability There can be no doubt of the zeal of those who of the outcaste as may well create disquiet among are fighting for the emancipation of these ancient orthodox Hindus. helots of Hinduism, but they, with Mr. Gandhi at their head, claim that in this struggle they are These are two directions in which the old the vindicators and not the enemies of their re- Hinduism is showing signs of strain under the ligion. When introducing the "Bombay Harijan pressure of modern opinion. On the one hand, Temple Worship Bill" one of the Bombay minthe ancient inviolability of Hindu marriage is isters made the bold assertion that "if Hinduism threatened and proposals are being brought be- is the selfish, arrogant creed the orthodox make of fore the Legislature to make the hard lot of many it; if Hinduism could be preserved by perpetuat- Hindu wives somewhat easier by the introduction ing untouchability; if to deny the sight of gods of divorce. On the other hand Mahatma Gandhi to men is an injunction of their scriptures, then is bringing all the influence of his personality to Hinduism had not the right to exist…. Then the bear upon the problem of those whom he calls not Sastras (scriptures) should be consigned to the outcastes or untouchables but "people of God," flames." (Harijan) . These are brave words and might be expected It is no new thing that such matters as these to be the preface to determined action. It is someshould create division and conflict within Hindu- what disappointing to find that the bill does no ism. What is new is that the power to deal with more than empower the trustees of a temple to them is now more fully in the hands of the Hindu open it to Harijans if they so desire. To persuade people themselves than was ever the case before. Hinduism to give as much as a cup of cold water In the Indian Provinces, the ruling ministries are from the common well to these unfortunate outelected by the people and are responsible to them; castes, so long the victims of its indifference, is this fact has changed the whole aspect of public even today, and even with Mr. Gandhi leading life. Reforms that the Indian National Congress the onslaught of reform, a slow and doubtful have long clamored for are now within their process. reach. It would be unfair to expect too much change at once from those who have little ex- Islam in India, Today perience in responsible government. This much can be affirmed: in most cases these ministries, But Hindusim is not the only religion in India Hindu and Moslem, are proving themselves though by its mass weight and its pervasive inworthy of the trust that has been placed in them. fluence it far surpasses in importance all the They are setting up high standards and are seek- others. There is, in uneasy comradeship, its rival ing to be loyal to them. the Moslem faith. If Hinduism is King Log, Islam is King Stork, passionate of temper, im- The Indians are finding also that laws without patient, aggressive. In former days the followers a public opinion to support them are ineffectual. of the two religions, so diverse from each other, Ram Rajya-the ideal age-cannot be brought lived together in their villages for the most part about by Acts of Parliament alone. For that in peace. But times have changed; a new rivalry rea1l0n it is not sufficient to establish loyal dis- has arisen; the poverty which Hindu and Moslem ciples of Mahatma Gandhi as the Prime Ministers face alike has awakened jealousies between them of Madras and Bombay; it is necessary also to which political ambitions have fanned. A few have behind them working tirelessly among the years ago it was not difficult for the astute policy people the influence of the Mahatma and of the of Mr. Gandhi to bring them together in a comorganizations that he has established. Total ab- mon hostility to the foreigner who denied them stinence from intoxicants is a traditional demand the rights they claimed. Now, however, when of both Hinduism and Islam and it has not been these rights have been in large measure achieved, difficult for the new legislatures at least to in- enmities that were economic in origin become augurate a policy of prohibition.

transformed into the bitterness of religious strife. Religion has always held so high a place in men's There is no more disquiting aspect of the religious situation in India than this, and it does not appear lives in India and holds so high a npelawceMsitniill~trthieast to improve. it is no surprise to find that the It is true that there is no religion that claims are showing a wise caution in interfering with more loudly than does Hinduism to be the eX'- ponent of an all-embracing tolerance. This is, in their practice. . Hinduism-if a virtue at all-an intellectual virtue. Its tolerance, as we have just seen, does Reference must be made to one more evidence not extend to social and caste relationships. The monistic doctrine, which is so powerfully en- of the dissatisfaction that has been awaking withtrenched in the background of its thought, reduces all else than the One to unreality, and so its in all the religions in India. It inevitably comes tolerance is the tolerance of shadows. about that Hindus and Moslems and Parsees are Islam on the other hand with (like Christianity) its conviction of the possession of a revealed all affected profoundly in their religious traditruth cannot show itself to be so accommodating. The only way in which the Moslem can become tions by the shrinkage of the world of our time tolerant in the Hindu fashion is to cease altogether to believe in Allah and the Koran. When and by the invasions of belief and unbelief that the acids of modernity have loosened the rigidity of his conviction he may learn to agree with the are continually b~king in from every quarter. Hindu that all religions are equally true, and, he might add, equally false. But meantime, in their It is, however, much more surprising that a sudpursuit of the rewards of political power and of the "loaves and fishes" that political leaders can den upsurgence of revolt should have taken place distribute, hostility between these rivals grows apace and casts a grim shadow over the future among those who, beyond all others, are pariahs of both religions. among their fellows. That Mr. Gandhi and other Apart altogether, however, from the various religious ideas that might make their followers enlightened leaders should desire to lead the outfriendly or unfriendly to each other, there is abroad in India today, and has been for some castes out of their bondage is what one might exdecades, the spirit that ranges men in hostile camps and too often makes out of religion a flag pect, but that they should themselves say, "We can around which to rally hostile armies. This is the spirit of nationalism. Its influence has been no no longer submit to the indignities that Hinduism worse in India than in other lands and some of its has laid upon us," is a portent of unparalleled acerbity in that land has been modified since the recent advance towards self-government: Per- significance. None of the religions of India can haps, rather, the attainment of self-government has to some extent diverted the force of Indian remain unaffected when over forty millions of nationalism away from hostility to Great Britain and concentrated it upon racial and cultural rival- their countrymen come with the demand that they ries within the state. It is not easy to estimate the effects upon the nationalist spirit of the new should be provided with a spiritual haven. This political outlook. New alignments are being formed which will affect religion as they affect event cannot fail to make the leaders in every reother things, but what the ultimate consequences will be cannot as yet be determined. We see, for ligion ask themselves what spiritual treasures example, that Hinduism, and, no doubt, the other non-Christian religions as well, are becoming they have to offer. What will be seen as the ultimore suspicious of the designs of Christianity. Voices are being raised demanding that religious mate significance of this strange spectacle and propaganda and "proselytism" should be forbidden in the new India. It is scarcely to be be- where this most moving of human pilgrimages lieved that "tolerant" India will follow in this respect in the wake of Afghanistan and Tibet. will end, no one can as yet foresee. Of this at least we can be certain, that we see here a symp- tom of a deep religious unrest that is affecting India in all its borders, as it is indeed affecting all the world. Humanity is on the march, not only in India but in all the restless and unhappy lands of earth. The question is-which among them all will prove to possess the chart that will make plain to these wayfarers the straight road that will lead men home to God?

DIFFICULT DAYS IN INDIA The village Christians in North India face a difficult problem as there is likely to be an increase of persecution by Hindu leaders to prevent weak- ening of the voting strength of the Hindu commu- nity. Hence a severe testing time is not unlikely; it can be met by those who have real Christian convictions. The publicity given to the dissatis- faction of the Depressed Classes with the Hindu religion has aroused organized opposition which makes the existence of semi-Christian groups pre- carious, and increases the difficulties of the mis- sionaries. Educated Hindu sadhus are now open- ing schools, medical dispensaries arid centers of popular instruction and social service in remote parts of India.

Indian View of the Task in India*

By DR. S. K. DAITA, Lahore, Panjab Principal of Forman Christian College W EARE told that the purpose of the mis- of the current literature of India, especially the sionary is to make India Christian. What autobiographies of eminent Indians of the last exactly does this mean? Since the early fifty years. Such a study, I think, would result in nineteenth century various interpretations have the discovery of the immense place that Christian been given. In the first place, the task was said thought, life and even phraseology have in modern to be the substitution of Christianity for the older Indian expression. It is clear that the two main and indigenous beliefs of the people. In the second sources have been schools and colleges, and the place, the task was conceived as one of per- circulation of literature. In a smaller degree, but meation; the change was not to be cataclysmic. probably qualitatively even more valuable, has It was conceived that indigenous religious ideas been personal contact with Christian men and would change through the inductive influence of women. From the days of Raja Ram Mohun Roy Christianity. In the third place, some have held to Mr. Gandhi, the "Sermon on the Mount" has that the product would be not Christianity, as we been one of the outstanding sources of spiritual conceive it today, but the resultant of inter-reli- stimulus to many Indians. In more recent times gious activity in India; in fact, Christianity would the Christian life has made its influence felt even also be transformed by this process. more impressively than Christian doctrine.

In India there are examples, on a small scale, Christians have often been challenged on their of substitution. In the old Portuguese dominion failure to live up to the teachings of Christ. On of Gao, where the non-Christian religions are now the one hand, Christian propagandists. have at- in a minority, churches and monasteries have tacked the Hindu social order because of its illib- taken the place of Hindu temples. Yet, it would erality and failure to acknowledge the equality of be legitimate to ask whether this substitution has all men. But some modern Christian countries brought Christ nearer to India. Many would have erected a social and political order from doubt it. During the nineteenth century some which the Asiatic and other non-European races substantial communities have become Christian; are debarred. It would appear that a Hindu social this is true in the "mass-movement" areas. As a order has been transplanted from across the seas, result of Christianity these particular communi- and has taken root in alien soil, among nations ties become unified, on the whole show great reli- whose religious representatives are dinning into gious zeal, and their local churches have become the Indian ear the injustice of the caste system.

the centre for a social revolution among the out- India, among other Eastern nations, has suf- castes. The movement is directed against the old fered a rude awakening and has attempted to or- social order of Hinduism, which looked upon the ganize herself. She has adopted a creed in which lowest as being without the pale of civilization. the main articles are as follows: (1) a system of India is reaping the Nemesis for the neglect of the national education. But such a system is bound, outcaste, and today is beginning to recognize that in the long run, to become an instrument of intel- these groups are embarrassing her in her political lectual and spiritual tyranny, and, if carried to evolution. Twenty or thirty years ago no respon- its logical conclusions, will destroy that intellec- sible British statesman would have conceded that tual liberty on which Indians have prided them- this class was of any political value. Very largely selves. (2) India, together with other Eastern .this revolution has taken place as the result of nations, has developed a profound belief in the work carried on by the Christian Church. In efficacy of the modern economic and industrial South India we have also a very remarkable move- order. Mr. Gandhi's life and teaching are a pro- ment among the particular caste who by their own test against the view that in economic and indus- unaided efforts have successfully attempted a trial power lie the means of national salvation.

social revolution. We have arrived at the stage where money has A fascinating study would be the consideration become a power that attempts to exploit the poor, • Condensed from "The Christian Task in India," Macmillan and and all this in the name of nationalism. (3) In Co., London. spite of Mr. Gandhi's protest, the directing classes [465 ]

in India have acquired a new faith in the efficacy chinery or by a system. Christianity is a divine of force. The. governing bodies of universities, power and its inspiration is caught from the exwhich are largely composed of Indians, have even ample and lives of its followers, carrying on the considered schemes for compulsory military train- ordinary tasks of life, through their social life and ing for all students in their universities. spiritual experience.

In these situations what part can Christianity The task of Christianity is to open doors to the play? If she can rid herself from her Western spiritual experience and life of all around them trappings, only then can she give effective guid- who seek to discover God. Christianity has influance and help. The task of the Christian Church enced Indian religions, but the dominant civilizais far greater than she has ever conceived. tion has proved irresponsive to the wealth of spir- itual experience and religious idealism outside its The right of self-government for any nation is immediate boundaries. An immense field of disa sacred concern, and Christians should not stand covery lies before-Christian thinkers in India. in the way of genuine and even radical reforms. But with this assent, the task of Christianity has The task of Christianity is as varied as evolving only just begun, for upon Christians will lie some Indian life itself. Our concern should be whether of the responsibility of constantly directing the its capacity to fulfil those tasks. is not limited by attention of the nation builders to higher ends, its alien environment. The missionary system may and, above all, to spiritual realities. Spiritual itself be a handicap, but here the necessity arises ends are too often forgotten and the individual is to state what is involved with greater precision. subordinated to materialistic conceptions of per- While it would be untrue to say that Christianity, sonal profit. Can Christians so live and act in as introduced to India through the missionary systhis new world of India, that men will recognize tem, has exercised a dominating influence of power the direction of God, and the imperative rights of and authority; this, at any rate, would be the verthe spiritual world? This can only be accom- dict of many a thoughtful Hindu. Where does the plished if Christians will humble themselves even solution lie? It may be stated in these terms: as their Master did, by emptying Himself of all the task of Christianity is to create in India a privilege, by taking up the Cross of self-effacing Christian Church – not a community – whose service, by uttering the Gospel of life and helping agents will be a spiritual order of men and women, to heal the world's strife. without distinction of race, who will give to India through their lives and teaching the inexhaustible The missionary enterprise is called upon to con- riches of Christ. tinue in many spheres its efforts of service to the people of India, possibly not so much by the TROUBADOURS OF GOD amount of its work as by its quality. During the Who are these last ten years or more, constant evidence has been That run along the highways of the world, given by the missionary body of its desire to meet And seek its meanest suburbs with their feet? the present situation, and this probably most vi- They are the troubadours of God, tally in its educational activities. Missionaries Blowing an airy melody along earth's aisles can become the conduits through which the best As solid as the masonry of dreams. in Europe and America flows into India in the They are the wise eccentrics form of educational ideals and technique-educa- Who reason with divine hilarity. tion in its broadest sense. They are the canny merchants Who buy the hearts of nations for their Prince. Christianity is called upon to emphasize con- They are the vivid tailors stantly the value of the individual, the necessity Who push the threads of ages through their to free him from oppression of all kinds – economic, social, religious. The welfare of the agri- hands. cultural laborer, and of the industrial worker, Who take no blood, to spill it, save their own. claim attention. Christianity must summon men They are the blessed coolies to pattern their lives according to the example of Who lift the loads of folly on their backs Jesus Christ. The essence of Christianity lies in And dump them into truth's dissolving streams. the transforming qualities. of a personal relation- They are the blithe outrunners ship of men to its Founder – whether within or Who trek the world's long reaches for old trails without the Christian Church as it is constituted Whereon to lay the pavement of new years. today. Of this, men such as Narayan Vaman They are the grave cross.-carriers Tilak have dreamed: "The Lord Jesus Christ is Who bear stern wooden gibbets on their backs, founding Swaraj in men's hearts, hence also in And nail their loves and treasures to the beams. the world of men; . . . by Swaraj is meant the They are our princely brothers, Kingdom of Heaven, the Rule of God." But this Born of the womb which bore us, transformation cannot be accomplished by ma- Who speak for Christ amid the courts of life.

India's Attitude Taward

By REV. AUGUSTINE RALLA RAM, B.A.,* Allahabad, India .. – General Secretary of the Student Christian Movement of India, Burma and Ceylon I NDIA is a world in itself, a sub-continent with The Opposition to Christianity a teeming population constituting one-fifth of No impartial observer will deny that there is the human race. All sections of humanity such some strong opposition and resistance toward the as Aryans, Dravidians, Semitics, Mongolians, proclamation of the Christian message. The rea- Negroids and various aboriginal tribes fill the sons for this antagonism may be stated briefly: land. It stretches out one arm to the Far East (1) Christianity is still regarded in India as an and the other to the West, and is a central meet- alien faith. While Christianity was introduced by ing ground of the East and the West. way of Travancore in the early Christian cen- India is a land of marvelous contrasts and is a tury, it never penetrated the country but re- baffling, colorful panorama of darkness and light; mained limited to that one state. Later Nestorian naturally, generalizations are impossible and and other influences beat upon the Indian shores, sweeping remarks are a doubtful commodity. but remained spasmodic and sectional. With the Nevertheless some general facts and trends can coming of the British it became a noticeable in- be marshalled with confidence and conviction, and novation, with the stigma of being the faith of the although some may be furiously disputed in cer- conquerors. Previous to this the Moguls and their tain quarters, yet they will prove to be helpful predecessors had brought another alien faith, Is- signposts. lam, and while from the point of view of popula- Let it be said at once that there is not merely tion India is the largest Moslem country in the one single Indian attitude to present and to ex- world, nevertheless Islam failed to reach India's amine; all kinds of reactions are rampant and heart. After six or seven centuries of Islamic claim recognition. Even the term Christianity it- occupation, Europeans came as conquerors and self carries with it most interesting connotations Christianity, their professed faith, became and which we must consider in the course of our dis- has remained an alien faith. While we might call cussion of the subject. a long rOle of British devotees of Christ, never- The question may well be. raised whether the theless Britain in its relations with India has Christian message has truly found its way into tragically failed to commend Christ to the Indian the soul of India. This is a difficult question to people. Of course, neither Britain, nor any coun- answer. We may, however, say without fear of try in Europe, can be truly called a Christian contradiction that a sense of Christian brother- country; therefore it is too much to expect that hthoeod~oihlowanedvesrt faulty, has become firmly rooted in Britain would be interested in making India a ands for three out standing ideals; Christian country. But let it be stated to the ever- the Gospel must be adorned by· coming to be in- lasting credit of British occupation that Great creasingly understood by the growing fellowship Britain has remained a stout champion of re- of the brethren' a spirit filled Church; the proc- ligious liberty and has not followed the example lamation of the' GQspel to the world through life of some of its Moslem predecessors.

and the riches of God's grace. (2) Again it must be frankly admitted that the What is the attitude (or attitudes), taken in Christian Church has been a denationalized body.

India· to these distinctly Christian convictions? Missionaries from abroad were the unconscious Bluntly stated these attitudes are as follow.s: (1) cause of this and intolerance of other communities opposition; (2) indifference; (3) meam?gless has made Christians an exclusive lot who have cceoputratnecsey'~ (4) critical sympathy and parbal ac- broken loose entirely from even the wholesome and (5) whole-hearted committal. asnects of Indian culture; by identifying them- • I am writing this article from the steamship Conte Verde as it selves with European life and culture, adopting even Euronean names and habits and often esagsoesif fIorhwaavred aDclqouuigrhedinga t,hsoertdeoefp poanrtiIatsl wdeatyacthomeE~utroipne,deaanldinsgo wfeitehl chewing all national aspirations for self-gkove.rnthis subject. Furthermore, I am privU"ged to be !D the. companlon- ment. Today Chri stian s ar e r aanduidalIyIy acwoam.IenngInt g ship of ·a number of learned Indians who represent varIOUS sections to th~:'nl:ltional call and a re g r 0 of the country and who come from different walks of life; these I have been interviewing on board and have solicited their opinions relating to the theme nnder discussion. Their observations nave proved most illuminating. A. R. R.

[467 ]

the forefront of national demand for emancipa- Christian school, said to me: "I admire Christ tion. and have great affection for Him, but I refuse to (3) Christians have been guilty in the past of renounce the matchless catholicity of the Hindu Community in which all that is required of me is overemphasizing an increase in Anduvmabnetras~ewhiaths not to J."enounce the Hindu fold and yet at the hasty additions to the Church. same time hold any opinions I please, even to the extent of actively opposing Hindu teachings. This been taken of famine conditions and similar situ- Hindu fold, which is replete with contradictions but gives me full liberty, is far more acceptable ations, to gain proselytes. Fortunately today such than being bound by Christian dogmas."

methods are strongly opposed and Christian mis- sionaries are exercising great care in avoiding any careless influx of numbers. Nevertheless everywhere we are told that Christianity is out He was not impressed by my remonstrance to to add to its ranks at all costs. We must be active the effect that truth in all realms-scientific re- in removing this impression. ligious or otherwise-is a most uncompromising There is one fact, however, which is the con- taskmaster and that the discipline of truth leads stant marvel of the opponents of Christianity. to real liberty. I suspect that he was putting up They know that seventy-five per cent of the Chris- a bulwark for the sake of keeping in the fold tians have been recruited from among the lowest where he now is.

strata of Hindu society and yet these people have India is in the process of seeing and coming become quickly transformed beyond recognition. to appreciate Christ, apart from the organized Thoughtful people are "sitting up" and taking Church. A great deal of criticism that is hurled at the Church is grossly unfair. But we must note of this marvel. face the fact that while the faithful ambassadors (4) Even Christian hospitals and educational institutions are usually regarded as baits which do take Christ to the world, yet the Cvheiulrcoh~eirn its Christian missions throw out with a view to entice organized life, very often draws a the victims. As a Christian I repudiate this charge, but that does not altar the fact as to the prevail- face of Christ. A very distinguished gentleman ing impression. The truth of the matter is that these agencies report very few actual baptisms. traveling with me claims that it is only for census One day the Christian will be heard as he asserts with deep-seated conviction that he does not en- purposes that he permits himself to be enrolled gage himself in these good works merely to swell the ranks of the Church, but that a true follower as a Mohammedan. He surprised me with his inof the Master must go about doing good, healing bodies, illuminating minds, giving bread to the tellectual grasp of Christian truth, but at the same hungry, like his Lord. time he holds that joining the Church has no (5) Especially at this time, when Europe has turned into a "Bull of Bashon" and seems to exult meaning for him because of his individualistic in its satisfaction over materialistic culture, when so-called Christian countries (such as Ger- temperament. He is a fair sample of many who many, Russia and Italy) are repudiating basic forces of Christianity and are in a mad race for are opposed to being affiliated with organized rearmaments, India cannot help asking whether, after all, Christianity can accomplish what it ligion and profess to see no value in joining the claims to be able to do. Here again we declare, in season and out of season, that there is no such Christian Church. thing as Christendom in the geographical sense. While Christian people exist in all lands, there is (7) Finally, India is offering resistance to no land that can truly be called Christian. But a blatant betrayal of Christ has been repeated in Christianity because multitudes believe that all nominal Christian lands and India watches this spectacle. religions are various groups into which we have been placed by the fiat of God and that, while we may accept truth from all sources, the fact re- mains that ultimately all religions will lead to God who is our beginning and our end. There- fore they hold that the least suggestion of mi- grating from one community into another is wrong. Such an attitude is championed by such men as Mahatma Gandhi. He doubts whether even open preaching, with a view to conversion of others, should be permitted. He says that if one has anything worthwhile in his faith it will become known even as the fragrance of a rose can never remain hidden. This opinion is fairly prevalent, so that Christianity, which is re- (6) Opposition also comes because of the in- garded as an alien intruder, comes under the fire veterate solidarity of caste affiliations and family of criticism and opposition. While Christian prin- ties. As Christianity calls for a new brotherhood, ciples and teachings have entered into the very naturally resistance is offered. A Hindu pro- texture of Mr. Gandhi's being, yet he teaches and fessor of physics, a most attractive young man practices these principles without attributing traveling with his charming wife brought up in a them to their origin; at the same time he resents

INDIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY

deeply any effort to advance the membership of would be hastened. This is a very ill-considered the Christian Church in India. attitude. In spite of their insistence that even Christianity has blackened the pages of its history Another eminent professor said to me: "I by militant warfare against adherents of other used to be a bitter opponent of Christ and I al- faiths, their argument lacks validity. It is true ways used to resist missionaries, but it is because that man's religious instinct has been abused, but of Mr. Gandhi and his life and teachings that I that is no reason why faith in God should be comhave begun to understand something of the Chris- pletely abandoned. The instincts of sex and tian faith." hunger have been similarly abused, but no one would say that therefore they must be rooted out It is incumbent on us to grapple with the atti- of our beings. Much more could be said against tude of opposition in India and then raise the this contention, but the fact remains that indifferprayer to God, "Lord what wouldst Thou have ence to all religion, and therefore to Christianity, me do?" It is no use glossing over realities or to seems to be temporarily gaining ground; we must fool ourselves with superficial optimism. There wait for the vindication of God's truth and of are, at the same time, many hopeful factors which enter into the situation but we cannot hoodwink righteousness. ourselves with shallow make-beliefs.

Indifference to Christianity "Meaningless Courtesies" and Criticism Callousness to the claims of Christ is not pecul- There is another attitude which is evident on iarly Indian; it is a repercussion of the world the part of myriads of my people-that is the "exsituation. A kind of agnosticism seems to have change of courtesies." India is a country of kindlaid hold of many, which is not just a humble way liness and courtesy, but sometimes this attitude of acknowledging human limitations, but a de- becomes only an empty compilation of words. liberate attitude of "leaving things alone." The When I ask my countrymen what their attitude spiritualist East, over against the materialistic toward Christ is, invariably the reply is, "I was West, is an empty phraseology. Human prosper- formerly a student in a mission school and I have ity and craving after the tinsels of modern ma- a great respect and admiration for Christ." On terialism blatantly rampant in India, has brought closer questioning I learn that these students have about this attitude of "caring not." never opened the New Testament since school or college days, and they know next to nothing about More than this, India is passing through a Christ. In some cases, from this friendly attitude, period of bewildering disillusionment. A great one can lead them on to deeper realities, but in deal that passed for religion has now ceased to many cases a false satisfaction deprives them of appeal to the people. Countless youth have come that spirit of enquiry which is a healthy asset to to hold a negative attitude toward religion. They sincere seekers after the Truth. have come to believe that much in which their forefathers put their trust was "much ado about It should be stated that teeming millions are nothing" and so they have come to the na'ive conclusion that all religion is whistling in the dark still completely ignorant of the very existence of to keep up one's courage. While the old belief's are being rapidly abandoned, no new and posi- the Christian faith. Masses of men and women tive religion has yet gripped them; materialistic philosophy of life has been adopted. tread India's dreary roads of pilgrimage, steeped The tin-god of nationalism has made many of in ignorance and superstition, and are selfishly the Indian youth exclusive votaries in its shrine; they are so intoxicated with the wine admin- exploited by blind leaders of the blind. Poverty, istered in its so-called sanctuaries that they have ceased to consider any higher loyalties. Here illiteracy and superstitious practices have almost again all that is happening in countries like Germany and Italy has found its repercussions in made many people immune to fresh truth and India. they continue in the tradition of their fathers This indifference is due to persistent Hindu- Moslem conflicts. The young people of my country from age to age. Such people cannot be regarded often throw into my face the statement that religion should be left severely alone as a hot-bed as indifferent or hostile; they courteously give of divisions and strifes. They have become impatient of this incessant conflict between the two their approval to what you may have to say and major communities and believe that if "religion" be discarded, reconciliation and brotherhood yet carryon as if they never heard. This is what appears on the surface and yet one never knows what even a casual word can mean to a seemingly ignorant soul. A visitor to India may meet these masses everywhere and it is well to know what their attitude toward Christianity is. But it is mainly from these masses that the Christian Church has risen in India. .

All that has so far been said reveals one out- standing truth-Christianity is a most self-criti- cal religion and does not spare its own adherents

when they fail to be faithful to their Master. The There has also arisen in India a new type of educated womanhood which may be the pride of torch of criticism which turns to others is con- any nation. Women in the Christian Church have been the great pioneers in the public life of India stantly applied to itself. This is a most whole- and have led the way for their sisters to take their places in the national life. Of course other insome attitude that should be tenaciously held. fluences have also been at work to produce this change. An outstanding Hindu citizen of Alla- Among the critics of Christianity both within habad, who not long hence will be a judge sitting on the bench of the High Court, recently volunand without, are a large number who are sympa- teered a statement along similar lines.

thetic and cordial and whose criticism serves as The disillusioned young India, tired of old tra- ditions and callouttoward organized religion, yet a wholesome corrective. is an open-minded India. Preachers like Dr. Stan- ley Jones and pthers are listened to attentively Many good results have come from the wide- by thousands and their responsiveness is amaz- ing. They are "not far from the Kingdom of spread direct and indirect influence of Christ and God"; on the fringe and outskirts of the Chris- tian Church a vast multitude gropes after some prepare for the time when Christianity will be ac- truth that can satisfy their souls.

cepted by many more. I am aware of a growing Wholehearted Committal to Christ number of critics who maintain that Christian The Church Universal, which has taken upon itself the name of the Lord Jesus, 'has its counterschools and colleges which cater to non-Christian part in India. It has gathered unto its fold men and women from various tribes, cultures and recommunities and which do not produce many di- ligions, who love the Lord Jesus and who are seek- ing fulness of heritage in Him. Note some of the rect baptisms should be abandoned, and that mis- characteristics of this Brotherhood of Christian Believers: sions and churches should concern themselves It is a growing Church.-Statistics must not wholly with the work of direct evangelism. This be despised, although they are not an all-sufficient test of progress. For the last forty years the attitude I believe to be shortsighted, for it gives Church has grown in numbers at the rate of .400 versons a day, until now there are over five milpreference to the immediate over against the lion Christians in India belonging to various groups. potential remote. Christianity is the greatest reconciling force in Let me cite some evidences of this quiet per- the country.-India is a land of colorful contrasts and baffling divisions racially, economically and meating influence of Christ due to the promotion religiously. The Church which is arising in In- dia is taking into itself people from all these of Christian education. Christian standards are backgrounds and spheres and is welding them in- to a separate brotherhood, which has its affinities becoming the norm of public life and conduct in with the various cultures of the land. Although errors have taken place in the treatment of Indian India. The late Mr. C. R. Das, President of the cultures, yet it can truthfully be asserted that the Church in India is identifying itself growingly National Congress and a Hindu, in the course of with the national aspirations of the country; it looks with favor upon converts bringing the discussion in the meeting of his cabinet turned wholesome, elevating aspects of their cultures into the Church. From the point of view of names, to one member and said, "What an unchristian costumes and ways of living, the Church is be- coming an all embracing brotherhood. The higher thing to say!" The remark was probably casual castes, and the lower castes are being welded to- gether into this common brotherhood. Men and and did not mean to them all that it connotes to women are forming a family life together and are bridging over age-long cleavages and barriers. us, but it is a true indicative of the way in which opinions and life are being molded by Christian ideals. The whole movement led by Mr. Gandhi toward the uplift of the untouchables has been in- spired by Christian teachings. A paper like The Indian Social Reformer, an ally and opponent of Christianity, is playing a very vital part in per- meating public life with Christian standards of conduct. This norm and criterion is steadily gaining ground. .

Many people are becoming "Christianized" in thought and spirit without identifying themselves with the Christian community. They mig-ht even take a public stand for Christ and give free help in conducting evangelistic meetings.

Age-long wrongs are being righted in India and customs. hoary with age. are being challenged and abandoned because of the light that can only be traced directly or indirectly to Christian sources.

The great movement among the untouchables.

which has led them to become "a neople at bay"

seeking for a better country. is a direct result of the nreaching of the Gospel of Christ. Tt is widely admitted that the influence of Christianity has brought about this g-reat coming trek when a whole people is striking its tents to throwaway the age-long bondage.

The Church of Christ may truthfully be called Jesus Christ. These illustrations suffice to show a Bridge Church-a spanned arch of reconcili- that in spite of limitatiQns which impede its ation between Man and God and between man growth the Church in India is going forward. and man. The Church in India is a new Church and It is a transforming Church.-This Church is suffers from many unnecessary impositions from holding out a great hope to the downtrodden de- the West; these have come as unnecessary accrepressed millions who, for over thousands of years tions to the Christian message. Realizing that have been crushed under the heels of the privi- these have not grown out of its own experience leged classes. These depressed people in large the Indian Church might impatiently embark on numbers are coming into the Christian Church a career of its own, defying historic values found and are being completely transformed, liberated in the growth of Christianity throughout the and uplifted. In one of the central parts of our world. But we are engaged in working at the . country people belonging to a higher caste are material already provided and we are evolving coming into the Church in thousands and their a pattern to meet the needs and tastes of India. introduction to Christ came through the trans- These are some of the characteristics of this new formations they had witnessed among converts Church-an infant Church. from lower castes. They openly say "These people whom we had regarded and treated as good for This is an inadequate survey of the Indian pannothing have gone ahead of us in character and orama from the point of view of the growth of culture so that we have been led to open ourselves Christianity. That vast sub-continent which is to the preaching of this transforming Gospe1." replete with colorful diversities, is today teeming with new life and is experiencing a veritable It is an evangelizing Church.-We are not as springtime. All lovers of Christ in India and evangelistic as we ought to be, but the work of abroad are called upon to help build that beloved evangelism is widely regarded as absolutely es- community which is the Family of God. selltial. Our interdenominatiQnal National Missionary Society is a united expression of the evan- The question may well be asked whether the gelistic task of the Indian Church. Some of our Congress or any other body, with political dechurches are beginning to send their own mission- velopments, will exert an influence and power to aries to other lands. Their missions in university impede the growth of the Christian Church. towns are alsQ attended by large groups. While some of the features of organized Christian work may be re-examined and even suppressed, It is a pioneering Church.-Three examples yet I believe that the sentiment of the country is may be cited. The South India United Church liberal and comprehensive enough not to interfere negotiations have set the pace for a vigorous pur- with the main life and task of the Church of suit of the ideal of unity throughout the world. Christ. For one thing the Moslems, who form a The Indian Church has also emphasized the mean- strong community, will never consent to any ening of "Fellowship in the Gospel" through the actment to take place which would interfere with Ashram method of worship, study and service. privileges which they enjoy. While discouraging Of late special attention also has been given to features enter into the present situation, yet the relate India's spiritual heritage and culture to the Kingdom of God is going forward. "His Truth unique message of redemption through the Lord is marching on."

LIVINGSTONE'S IDEA OF SACRIFICE People talk of the sacrifice I have made in spending so much of my life in Africa. Can that be called a sacrifice which is simply paid back as a small part of a great debt owing to our God, which we can never repay? Is that a sacrifice which brings its own best reward in healthful activity, the consciousness of doing good, peace of mind, and a bright hope of a glorious destiny hereafter? Away with the word in such a view, and with such a thought! It was emphatically no sacrifice. Say rather it is a privilege. Anxiety, sickness, suffering, or danger now and then with a foregoing of the common conveniences and charities of this life, may make us pause, and cause the spirit to waver and the soul to sink, but let this only be for a moment. All these are nothing when compared with the glory which shall hereafter be· revealed in and for us. I never make a sacrifice. Of this we ought not to talk when we remember the great sacrifice which he made who left his Father's throne on high to give himself for us: "Who, being the brightness of that Father's glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high."-David Livingstone.

Place of Christian Education in

By P. G. BHAGWAT, Ph.D., Coonoor, India Lecturer for the India Sunday School Union W EARE not concerned here with the broad it and all the teaching falls upon deaf ears. A meaning of Christian education, namely pupil who has not already been prepared may the work of preaching Christianity to spend some time"'in hesitation, but in the end he people through various agencies like the evan- will come out against the Christian teaching of gelistic, the hospitals, educational institutions and his school.

the like. We shall deal only with the limited field This does not mean that teaching in a Chris- of Christian education, that is, through Christian tian institution makes no difference in the life institutions of learning. It is in such places that of the child who attends that school. He does we should usually look for the birth of Christ in get more liberalized in his ideas and broadened in children, apart from what the Church can do his outlook. The deeply religious Christian staff through its Sunday school and its young people's of a school has a beneficial effect upon a child, societies. It would be profitable first of all to in- but such teachers do not necessarily lead the quire what have been the achievements of Chris- pupils to the acceptance of Christ as their per- tian education and whether any change in policy sonal Saviour. The atmosphere merely helps the and method is called for to meet the changing children to realize the value of higher ideals in conditions in modern India. life and in that sense they are benefited. But a Christian Education for Non-Christians similar result can be obtained by institutions like those of the Deccan Education Society, the Seva For over a hundred years Christian schools and Sadan, the Anath Vidyarthi Griha and others- colleges have been used as a means for propagat- Hindu schools and colleges which are carried on ing the Christian Gospel. But the results do not by devoted men and women at great personal sac- seem to have justified the enormous expense that rifices. Today the Christian schools do not even has been poured into these institutions. The early boast of a 1000/0 Christian staff. And even if expectations that non-Christians would come out they did the results they would obtain would never in hundreds to accept Christ as their personal be commensurate with the enormous amounts of Saviour have been frustrated. Not only did they money wasted on such schools. To continue this not come in hundreds asking for baptism, but on education in the face of these facts is purposely the other hand it is generally believed that the blinding our eyes to the situation. It is also un- fact of their having been in a Christian school or just to the Christian Church which needs our at- college has made it harder for a person to change tention more than ever before.

over to Christianity. And knowing the situation It might be interesting to mention in this con- as we do today, we could not expect anything dif- nection the findings of Dr. D. A. McGavran pub- ferent. The non-Christian parents who send their lished in 1935 * in which he gives us a study of children to Christian schools and colleges do not the Secondary School boys in the Central Prov- send them because they have lost faith in their inces, and tells us what effect Christian teaching own religion but because of other benefits which has had on them in regard to popular Hindu be- a well disciplined and efficient school bestows liefs. His conclusion is, upon the pupils. They prepare their children be- The high school is not achieving for either Hindu or forehand against accepting the Christian doctrine Christian students that degree of Christianization of outby ridiculing the Christian religion, by various look which appears reasonable . . . the evidence in this suggestions, by direct instructions and by social study indicates that high school education makes very influence. Being thus inoculated against the mes- little difference in Christian outlook as measured in regard sage of Christ as preached in the school, and also to the dominant ideas of popular Hinduism (p. 112). helped by a feeling of their superior numbers, since they form the vast majority in such schools, Among other figures he gives this as an exthere is no wonder that every day that the child ample: "forty to fifty per cent of Hindu and Christian boys look on women as servers of the or youth listens to the Christian teaching, its heart becomes more and more hardened against • JubbEudlpuocraeti,onC. anPd.. tIhnediBa.eliefs of Popular Hinduism; Mission Press, [472 ] husband, as less intelligent and more sinful than The Church's strength will also depend upon men." (p. 100) A better showing in these re- the extent to which it is sensitive to the problems spects might be made by the Christian schools if of the day. It must encourage or discourage, ap- certain conditions were realtered; yet as stated prove or disapprove, according to the merits or above, in so far as Hinduism is concerned Mc- demerits of issues that are at stake. It must think Gavran also concludes that "Christian education with vigor and guide with courage in the moral is making changes which public education would and spiritual questions of the day which agitate in any case make" (p. 103). There still remains the mind of the nation. Friendly and truly na- the question of the highest goal of Christian edu- tional in spirit, it must yet stand fearlessly for cation, namely, revealing Christ as the central what is right in the sight of God. Not only must dynamic force of a personality. The conversion it be known that it holds up the highest standard figures from high schools and colleges which are of life and conduct, it must become the conscience conducted for non-Christians speak for them- of the people. The nation must constantly think selves. of asking: Now what has the Christian Church One more thought in this connection is the new to say about these things?

political authority which is making its existence The Church makes its influence felt in various felt more and more as regards its attitude towards ways. One way is through the everyday life of Christian institutions in India. It seems quite its members who live among their non-Christian evident that the congress governments which brethren. It is through them that the Church hold sway over seven out of eleven provinces in broadcasts her message in all walks of national British India will require by law the withdrawal life. More and more Christian men and women of compulsory teaching of Christianity to non- will be called to take part in nation-building activ- Christian pupils in their schools. In the face of ities of tomorrow. Christianity will rise or fall such a future outlook would it be worth while to in the estimation of the non-Christians by the keep on running these institutions to achive re- integrity which the followers of Jesus exhibit in sults which a non-Christian school can achieve their daily contact with their neighbors.

anyway? Through the Christian Community Through the Life of the Church The life of the Christian community as a whole Christian education is the task of the Church also will contribute to the strength or weakness but if the Church is not strong there will not be of the Church. The Christians have come from much Christian education, and whatever there is communities whose restraints are not binding on will not be worth much. It is for this reason that them any more. Until the Church is strong, and our first concern must be the strengthening and inner as well as outer sanctions are created, the vitalizing of the Church itself, which is the great last state of the community may be worse than power plant of Christianity. Christ works the first. Furthermore, for the non-Christians to through the Church hence the Church must be join the Christian communion means joining the set on its feet before we can expect any results. existing Christian community. It must be attrac- We must concentrate upon building the strength tive in its life and ways for others to join it. A of the Church which will, by its activities and great deal of effort is necessary to raise it to a ideals set up a Christian standard of life in India. high level of education and expression in self- The inculcation among Christians of self-sacrifice, sacrificing service. The great number of mass nobility, devotion to tasks, faith in God will do movement converts as well as the growing num- more to attract people to Christ than teaching ber of the Christian population is rapidly de- unwilling people in Christian institutions. creasing their former percentage of literacy, The strengthening of the Church must include education and an economic standard of living. If the building of loyalty to the Church. With a few a community is poverty-stricken and uneducated, exceptions loyalty to Church is sadly lacking in it does not have much chance to live on a high India. The reason is not only the comparatively spiritual plane and consequently it has no attrac- short time the Church has been in existence in tion whatsoever for the non-Christians which it India but also and mainly the life and work of seeks to take within its fold. People should join the Church. If the members feel that the Church the Church for Christ, it is true, but the human is not meeting their deepest needs, if their lives factor must not be forgotten. The human mind are not intricately bound up with the Church does look to the society of which it will become a through uplifting and self-sacrificing activities, part, and the condition of this society has a lot if the Church does not help them to grow in to do with the turning of men to Christ. Unless spiritual strength, it cannot expect any loyalty the whole community is raised to a high level it from them. A dead Church cannot stir the hearts will not be respected and it will lose what in- of its members for sacrifices and cooperation. fluence it has.

Christian Education for Christians we run such schools along communal lines. But With the vast additions to the Christian popu- the school is to be like a Christian family whose lation that are being made by the mass move- members are protected from undesirable influments these days, as mentioned above, it is more ences in their formative years and still have a important that all efforts should be concentrated living contact with children of other communities upon the Christian education of these new con- for physical and cultural contests and social acverts, especially the young ones among them. The tivities. In that way they will be able to combine problem is acute just now specially because more the benefits to be derived from good Christian and more Christian primary schools are being atmosphere inside and healthy contacts outside.

closed and children of Christian parents are being A Strong Ministry for Voluntary Education compelled to attend Hindu schools, where the vast majority of children and staff are Hindu. Now If it is not possible to have a Christian school it is true that Christian parents can inoculate for Christian chiklren and if they must needs go their children against any Hindu ideas that are to Hindu schools, then the question of voluntary likely to be absorbed by them in the school. But Christian education must be faced. Such children here the position of Christian pupils attending must be provided with religious educational facili- Hindu schools is different from that of Hindu ties by the Church through voluntary aid from pupils attending Christian schools. Hindu pupils, its members.

because of their vast majority in Christian The leadership for such work must naturally schools, are not as amenable to Christian influence come from the ministry if it realizes the deep im- as Christian students attending Hindu schools are' plications and seriousness of this task. That is, amenable to Hindu influence. Here everything is we must work towards the creation of such a min- against them, the great number of Hindu pupils, istry through our theological seminaries. For the the staff, the management and the general tone future Church we need a well educated, enthusi- of the school. Under these circumstances it will astic, intelligent and devoted army of trained not be surprising if our children unconsciously pastors. For all depends upon the pastor. He is absorb certain ideas that are not in keeping with the key to the whole situation. An enthusiastic Christianity. Neither can we expect them to have and intelligent leader can arouse his lay friends a very strong faith in Christianity if no special and can make the Sunday school a vital part of effort is made by the Church to educate them in the life of his church. But not only that, for the the faith and doctrines of the Church. By neglect- Sunday school alone will not meet the whole situ- ing this phase of Christian work we are laying ation where Christian children have to attend the foundation of the future Church on very un- non-Christian schools. Provision must be made certain ground. Thus the Sunday school or church for their daily instruction in the Christian faith.

school during the week for Christian children is A pastor can enlist the cooperation of the Chris- the greatest need of the hour. All thought, energy tian teachers in the village for voluntary instruc- and resources must be applied to this important tion during week days before or after school.

obligation of the Church, not only for the sake Even if this instruction is given three times a week of the individual lives, but also for the Church's instead of every day of the week, preferahly by own future existence. the Christian teachers of the Hindu school itself, If fortunately there are any Christian schools it will go far towards strengthening the children at all-and every church should make an attempt in their Christian faith.

especially in the primary stage of education to The Content of Religious Education provide schools for its children-they should be run only for Christians. If non-Christians are ad- As regards the content of religious education mitted in that school, they must be in a very for our children, which will be given through the small minority and only of such a type that they Sunday schools or through special instruction are in full sympathy with Christian teaching. during the week, we might say that a fairly good Such schools, be they primary schools or second- knowledge of the Bible by means of a uniform ary schools, are the only means by which we can course covering several years is a minimum neces- keep alive the torch of Christianity burning in sity. Of course we cannot be satisfied merely India. with the possession of the knowledge of biblical An objection might be raised at this point that facts. The study ought to result in the student if we segragate our Christian children from other himself acquiring such interest in the Book that communities in this way, they would be cut off he will proceed to dig for himself the treasures from the national current of life and would find in which the Bible so richly abounds. This knowl- it hard to adjust themselves later to life with edge should also lead to a conversion experience.

others. This objection will hold ground only if An acquaintance with the doctrines of the Church

WORK FOR THE OUTCASTES OF INDIA

will also be a help to the student. And lastly we Christian students to Christ is wasted because the must not forget to study Christ's principles in fruit bears no proportion whatsoever to the vast their relation to the problems of everyday life. sums spent for it, while the same funds could go Religion is not merely knowledge; it is for life far towards constructing the lives of Christian and every effort must be made for its expression children through religious training-the children in life. who will be the future pillars of the Church. Again and again the conviction is borne in upon Some Conclusions us that the Indian Church is the place from which Our conclusion is that the place of Christian Christian education must take its inspiration. The education today, in so far as it is carried on in Church must be strengthened continually by all educational institutions, is with the Christian the means in our power. But there is no hope community itself. It is the Christian children for such a consummation until the future members who need Christian education first and foremost. of the Church are first taken care of. The longer All resources must be applied to this great task this problem is neglected the worse it will be for which is increasing in magnitude day by day. The the Church and for Christianity in India. money and efforts spent on trying to win non- Work for the Outcastes of India* By BISHOP J. WASKOM PICKETT Methodist Episcopal Church; Author of "Christian Mass Movements in India"

N o OTHER area presents a situation so en- of Christ is demonstrated in the Depressed couraging from the point of view of the Classes. And one certain way to arrest the move- eventual rule of Christ in India as does the ments of the higher castes to Christ is to turn work among Depressed Classes in Andhra Desa. away from the poor and the despised to those of Nowhere else in contemporary life do we find so better estate. much information on how friends of Christ can prepare his way and make his paths straight in There are many areas where no sustained pres- India. And nowhere is' it more important that entation of the Gospel has yet been attempted. In the lessons of experience in the service of Christ some of these areas groups of the Depressed in India should be understood and applied. Classes, having learned something from converted relatives or itinerant evangelists, have expressed Since the first observation to be made in the a desire to learn more and to follow Christ. This many new movements to Christ in Andhra Desa fact constitutes an urgent call to the churches of is that they have all resulted from earlier move- adjacent areas, to missions and Mission Boards ments among the Depressed Classes, and since and to all Christians who are able to stand bethis observation is fully confirmed by thorough hind and aid those agencies, to provide the ininvestigation, our first recommendation is that struction, fellowship and leadership in worship every possible effort be made to win all remaining necessary to bring these groups to an experience groups of the Depressed Classes to Christ. Al- of Christ and to aid in education necessary to though the case for this recommendation is clear enable them to realize their heritage in him. The and compelling, we consider that there is grave need is urgent. danger that it will not be implemented. There is a disposition to neglect the Depressed Classes In a week of witness in one rural area last whenever hope is entertained that the higher castes may be induced to respond. To do so now month, Oct<;lb,er, 1937, more than .uvethousand would be both a capital folly and a grievous wrong. There is strong reason to believe that the of the Depressed Classes and over two thousand surest way of multiplying conversions of higher caste Hindus is to increase the scale on which caste Hindus declared their desire to. be enrolled the transforming, enriching and uplifting grace as Christian believers. A missionary report calls • Condensed from "Christ's Way to India:'s Heart," Lucknow Publishing House. from forty-four villages; a,nother tells .of thou- sands eager to be taught, baptiz~d and organized into churches, and tens'of thousands. vaguely in- terestedand ina mood' torespoiId' if the Gospel were preached to them. .

Second-The new group movements of caste coming Christians has spread far and wide with- Hindus are limited to a few areas and are associ- in the castes concerned and has created enough ated with certain conditions that are recognizable interest to insure a respectful hearing of the and definable. We therefore recommend that ef- Gospel by most groups of members of those forts be made to encourage similar movements in castes. As an example we may take the Wadevery part of the territory by reproducing daras. They are a large caste spread over most throughout Andhra Desa the conditions that seem of the Andhra country. At least seven thousand to have contributed to the growth of the present have become Christians. Probably ten thousand movements. What are those conditions? First, others have already manifested interest in Christ. unquestionably, is the development of genuine religious experience within the Church. The quality We will not mention all the castes within which of its spiritual life appears to determine the movements toward Christ have developed, but we measure of the influence which the Church exerts recommend that churches and missions ascertain upon its neighbors. what groups to ~.om they have access are repre- sented in Christward movements anywhere by A Kamma woman who at the time of our in- relatives or caste associates and seek to put the terview had not yet made a public confession of claims of Christ before them. In some cases it faith said, "I'll tell you what makes us accept will be advisable to invite converts to visit areas Christ. We see him working in the lives of people where their testimony and example are needed. we know. The Mala women here were always sad However, two dangers have already appeared in but now some of them are always happy. My connection with such efforts, namely that the conaunt went all the way to Benares to get a religious vert called upon to travel among his former caste experience like that, and when she came back fellows will be confirmed in an attitude of exwithout it, she was so disappointed she died in a clusiveness and be encouraged to import into the few months. I know these Mala women have Church too much of the spirit and practice of his really experienced God." former caste, and that the convert will develop a sort of professionalism in which considerations Influence of Cleanliness of monetary or other reward are evoked.

Third-The increased cleanliness of Christians Fifth-The growth of the Church is dependent is strongly influencing public opinion in favor upon the witness of unpaid lay Christians. We, of Christianity. We recommend that advantage therefore, recommend that all churches and misbe taken of this fact and increased attention be sions consider ways and means of securing a large given to the teaching of habits of cleanliness. The increase in honorary evangelistic effort by laycustom of wearing clean clothes to the house of men. Every convert is a potential evangelist and God generally follows closely upon the establish- the potentialities of many converts are enormous. ment of orderliness and reverence in worship. In this example of the families of the pastor and We recommend that annually two special the teacher is very potent. The quarters of the periods of evangelistic effort be arranged for in Depressed Classes, especially those of the Madi- each church during which the entire membership gas, have been notoriously filthy. In some villages of the church is encouraged to bear witness cona generation or less of experience as Christians cerning Christ to relatives and friends. has effected so much improvement that those same quarters are now cleaner than the quarters of the Sixth-The growth of the Church is retarded highest castes. Such conspicuous improvement is by the aspect of foreignness and promoted by evia mighty aid to evangelism. dence of beiIlg Indian and indigenous. We, there- fore, recommend that church policy, orders of In this connection we recommend that efforts worship, architecture, policies with reference to made by Christian agencies to improve sanitary festivals, social customs, discipline and leadership conditions in the villages begin with the quarters be adapted as much and as speedily as possible of the Christians, and be extended into other to national and local conditions, subject, of course, quarters as a project of the local Christian com- to the preservation of Christian character and munity. In no way can Christians promote sani- values. tation more effectively than in making the quarters of a people once noted for their insanitary Teachings Against Idolatry surroundings a model for all classes. Seventh-The Christian teachings against idol- Fourth-several castes are strongly represented atry and for personal and group acceptance of among the converts in each of the chief areas of the highest ethical standards of conduct appeal the new movements to Christ. We recommend to the conscience and commend the Gospel. We that persistent approaches be made to those castes recommend that more strenuous efforts be made everywhere. The news that their people are be- to protect the Church against violation of these teachings. Despite the prevalence of idolatry, bribery, plural marriages, oppression and social

impurity there is a widespread recognition of the not yet adequate to ,the needs of the Church in evil of these practices and a desire for their over- Andhra Desa and that the supply is superior to throw. The Church has raised the standards of the distribution. We recommend that the Andhra judgment on all of these wrongs but needs to Christian Council undertake responsibil;ty for be on guard against the temptation to lower them promoting a literature program adequate with and be untrue to itself on these issues. The com- respect (1) to the preparation of what is needed, ing into its membership of many people of the (2) to its publication, and (3) to its distribution. higher castes accentuates the danger of com- The chief difficulties relate to vocabulary, size of promise. For example, it is difficult for a Church type and content. composed in the main of day laborers to enforce the demand for personal purity upon a rich land- Caring for Women and Girls lord who lapses into immoral relations with a concubine or to discipline a village head man who Twelfth-The women and girls are less adeaccepts a bribe. quately cared for in the program of the Church than are the men and the boys. We recommend Eighth-The new movements into the Church that efforts be made to correct this situation (a) combined with the rising cultural standards of by including a larger number of women in the the older Christian groups necessitate a better officiary of the Churches, (b) by promoting the trained ministry. Many ministers who were quite organization of women's societies within the adequate for the demands of a decade ago are Church, (c) by using more lady workers in village not able to meet the requirements of the present service, and (d) by supplementary classes for situation. Happily, the educational preparation women in training for baptism and for communiof the ministers now being recruited is quite cant membership in the Church. The services of superior. But many of the experienced men al- Christ to women and girls are recognized and proready at work require help. We recommend that duce a most favorable attitude toward Christianshort-term Refresher Courses be conducted an- ity in the minds of onlookers. The extension of nually for several years and that attendance be the Kingdom would be greatly assisted by made compulsory for all ministers. strengthening women's work in the Church.

Ninth-The use of schoolteachers, partly sup- Thirteenth-The Church is in urgent need of ported by grants-in-aid by Government and partly clarifying its thinking and purifying its attitude by mission subsidies, for pastoral work under the toward caste. We recommend (1) that the implisupervision of ordained ministers, cannot be ex- cations of the teachings of Christ and the apostles panded to meet actual present and probable future as touching this problem be studied throughout needs. We, therefore, recommend that steps be the Church in Andhra Desa, (2) ,that differences taken to enlist and train men who are able to between Christians based upon caste origin be maintain themselves in their villages as honorary, recognized as a menace to the spiritual integrity or semi-honorary, pastoral assistants to conduct of the Church, (3) that help be requisitioned from every evening worship services, to prepare candi- the churches in the north of India to promote the dates for baptism, to visit the sick and to do all merging of converts from different castes into one kinds of ministerial work not necessarily reserved inclusive community, and (4) that only such perfor the ordained ministry. Among the newer sons be enlisted in the ministry as have shown Christians are many men possessing gifts and complete freedom from caste prejudice. graces which would enable them to render notable service as lay preachers. Their appointment would Fourteenth-The strength of the Christward need to be subject to the approval both of the local movements in Andhra Desa is derived from the congregation and of some supervising authority. fact that God is there in Christ Jesus reconciling men and women unto himself. We recommend Tenth-The existing school system is disap- that while striving to improve their work as pointingly slow in producing a literate Church. friends of Christ and servants of God all who are We, therefore, recommend that the schools be related to the Church in Andhra Desa place their supplemented by a non-institutional effort to pro- trust not in the efficiency of human endeavor or mote literacy among adults and adolescents. Mis- the power of man's wisdom but in the revealed sions should make available as generous assist- purpose and the almighty power of God. We were ance as possible, in finance and personnel, for a impressed by the frequency with which new consustained campaign to teach all Christians to verts when asked who had influenced them to beread. Every effort and interest of the Church, in- come Christians replied that no man had including the spread of the Gospel and the social fluenced them but they were moved directly by and economic life of its members would profit by the Spirit of God. There is in the present movethe conquest of illiteracy. ments a strong sense of the mystery of God at work in human hearts. Eleventh-The supply of Christian literature is

Christian Work for India*

By P. OOMMAN PHILIP, Magpur, India -<tif A Secretary of the National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon W HILE organized Christian missions have Church in India must be turned to for help. At been carrying on their operations in India the same time the fact that Indian Christians for only a little over one hundred and were divided int().-many denominations was confifty years, there are today a number of Christian sidered an obstacle in the way of their joining activities conducted wholly by Indians in differ- forces to undertake the work.

ent parts of the country, Some are local and some After some preliminary conferences, in which country-wide.t Although they may have at first prominent missionaries took an important part, come into existence under the inspiration of the and after wide consultation with foreign mission- Western missionary movement, these activities aries at work in India, the society was formally have been made their own by Christian Indians, organized on Christmas Day, 1905, at Serampore, and depend on them for direction and support. a place hallowed by the labors of pioneer mission- The oldest of these ventures goes back less than aries like William Carey and Henry Martyn.

fifty years, while the youngest is only a few years Though Indian Christians generally do not attach old. Their significance, however, is far beyond much value to the denominational differences that what may be indicated by the years they have have come to them from the West, it was signifi- been in existence. cant that the National Missionary Society was not First of all these efforts are an expression of organized on an undenominational basis but the spirit of Christian service which is taking recognized the denominations that existed in hold of the Church in India. Second, they stand India. This was perhaps due to the fact that at- for a real desire to render this Christian service tempts made in the past by certain ardent Indian untrammelled by the limitations involved in tak- Christians, in the direction of doing away with ing financial help from Western churches. Third, denominations, far from achieving their purpose, they represent a venture, much needed in India only tended to add to the number. In view of at the present day, for discovering ideals and such experience, the organizers of the National methods of Christian work that would be suitable Missionary Society were wise in making it an in- to the peculiar conditions of the land. terdenominational effort, in which Indian Chris- The most noteworthy Indian missionary effort tians of different communions could actively par- is what is known as the National Missionary ticipate without compromising in any way their Society of India. This society was organized denominational loyalties.

thirty-three years ago for the purpose of "evan- The Society caine into existence at a time when gelizing the unoccupied parts of India and ad- a great awakening of the national consciousness jacent countries," and of "laying upon Indian was taking place in India. The Indian Chris- Christians the burden of the responsibility of tians, by their associations and training generally evangelizing India." indifferent to movements which had a political A study of the Census Report of India for 1900, complexion, were at first inclined to stand aloof undertaken by a group of Indian Christian young when the national movement swept over it. But men soon after its pUblication, revealed the fact a movement like the National Missionary Society, that, in spite of the work carried on by many aiming at the evangelization of India "with Indian missionary societies from the West for the past men, Indian money and under Indian direction,"

one hundred and fifty years, more than one-third helped the Christian community to discern the of the people of India had, humanly speaking, no spiritual elements in the national movement, and chance of hearing the Gospel in their lifetime. It to realize the contribution they, as Indian disciples was realized that for this work of making the of Christ, could make towards its enrichment.

Gospel known in these regions, entirely unreached The highest service that Indian Christians could or unreachable by foreign missions, the Christian render to their country was rightly conceived as * Condensed from "Tbe Cbrlstlan Task in India," MacMillan Co. sharing with their countrymen the unique knowl- t Over forty missionary societies bave tbelr beadquarters in India edge and experience of God derived from Jesus Christ. Mr. V. S. Azariah (now Bishop Azariah) and over balf of these are entirely manned, controlled and supported by Indian Christians.

[478 ] and Mr. K. T. Paul were among those who first with the vast activities of foreign mISSIOns in carried the appeal of the Society throughout the India, the work done by the National Missionary length and breadth of the country, and from a Society in all its eight districts taken together is thousand platforms and pulpits they made Indian insignificant. In the number of workers, in the Christians of all churches and provinces realize range of activities, in the institutions maintained, the importance and privilege of the task to which and in the number of those admitted into the they were summoned. The enthusiasm aroused Christian Church, the results are not great, but and the idealism stirred up were promptly organ- the uniqueness of its work consists in the fact ized and directed along channels of definite that it is being carried on as a purely Indian ef- Christian work in so'me of the neglected parts of fort. A sure indication that Indian Christians are India. IIi this way the Society was led within a few years' time to start work in "unoccupied" really making this effort their own is that it has districts situated in the provinces of the Panjab, been slowly evolving methods of Christian work the United Provinces and Madras. The Society suited to the conditions of this land. If these has now eight centres of work in different parts methodsare.to be worth anything in God's Kingof the country. dom they. a:r~ to grow out of the experience of Christ":possessed men, who, being familiar with While the income of the Society comes from all that is best in Indian life and thought, bring Indian Christians of all churches into a common to bear on it the values and. standards of Jesus treasury and is administered by committees Christ. This is necessarily a·slow process. drawn from all churches, members belonging only to one denomination are sent to a particular field In spite of the difficulties, the National Missionas workers. The ordination of workers and other ary Society h~s been tackling this problem, and ecclesiastical matters are regulated by the ec- the Ashram method of Christian life and service, clesiastical authority of the denomination con- which has been adopted with such remarkable cerned nearest to the field. In this manner the success in Tirupattur, its South Indian field, may work of the Society in the different fields is related be cited as an illustration of the discovery and ecclesiastically to the following communions: The application of methods best suited to Indian con- Anglican Church, the United Church of Northern ditions. India, the Lutheran Church, the Mar Thoma Syrian Church and the South India United There are also several indigenous denomina- Church. Under this arrangement the bishops or tional missionary societies which are called "home the church councils of these bodies cooperate with missions." A number of the organized church the interdenominational committees of the bodies in India prefer to give expression to their Society. But in the appointment of workers, the missionary spirit through these home missions supplying of the funds needed, and the general of their own rather than cooperate with an alldirection of the work, the National Missionary India organization like the National Missionary Society is solely responsible. Society. At least three church bodies in South No Financial Help from Abroad India maintain their own home missions and take also an active share through the National Mis- One of the principles of the National Mission- sionarv Society in the evang"elization of some ary Society, from which it has not swerved, has p:lrt of India far away from their own field. All been that no financial help be solicited from of them claim to be indigenous efforts, depending foreign countries. In the year 1906 the income for support on the contributions of Indian Chrisfrom voluntary contributions was only a little tians, and with the management and direction over Rs. 2000. There has, however, been a steady entirely in the hands of Indians. Some of them rise in the income and now the average annual carryon well-planned work among" non-Chrisincome from voluntary contributions'is about Rs. tianf'!, involving the emuloyment of high-grade ,60,000. This is a small amount when compared workers and a considerable annual budget. The with the incomes of some of the Western mission- Ludhiana Church Council, for instance, has been ary societies, but when we consider that Indian ~arrving on work in the Karnal District of the Christians are generally on a much lower eco- Panjab for the last forty years. In the South, nomic level than their non-Christian countrymen where there are larger numbers of Christians than and that insistent demands are made on their in any other part of India, we find a number of generosity by their own churches, this is very en- such efforts. The two most noteworthv of these couraging. The bulk of these contributi:'ons is are the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly, made up of small subscriptions offered with faith- ~()nnected with the ATIJ~'Ii~an Church, and the Mar ful regularity by the middle class and the poor. Thoma Svrian Christian Evangelistic Association. Behind these gifts of money there is also a great Out of the work of the Tinnevelly Society has deal of genuine prayerful interest. In comparison Q'rown the well-known Dornakal Mission of which Bishop Azariah is the head. He first went to

Dornakal as a missionary to the Telugus of that and who throws himself on the charity of others. area, sent by the Tamil Anglican Church of Tin- They cannot quite reconcile themselves to the idea nevelly. The Mar Thoma Syrian Christian Evan- that a Christian worker should be given an allowgelistic Association is the missionary society of the ance to keep him above need and to enable him to Mar Thoma Syrian Church, one of the branches carryon the work without any anxiety about the of the old Syrian Church on the west coast of support of his family. Though the exigencies of South India. This Association represents the first church life and religious work under modern conmissionary effort organized on modern lines in ditions are making Indian Christians accustomed the long history of this ancient community of to the salary system for Christian workers, there Indian Christians. Started fifty years ago on a is, deep down in the minds of many good Indian very small scale for the purpose of evangelizing Christians, a lurking fear that all this is sometheir non-Christian neighbors, it has now grown thing un-Christian and unspiritual. There is a into an efficient Christian agency carrying on ex- similar attitude towards organizations. Thus the tensive work among the depressed classes, and National Missionary Society and other Indian maintaining a large number of educational and missionary societies have to find support and other institutions both for Christians and non- make progress among people who have such a mental and spiritual background. Perhaps this Christians. may be a reaction against the over-organization which so often characterizes Christianity in India. *** Very little attention is being given to the study of this attitude, which is fairly widespread among Many Indian Christians have imbibed from the Indian Christians, with a view to reconciling it religious atmosphere with which they are sur- with the highest teachings of Jesus Christ, and of rounded a belief that matter is essentially evil, applying the results of such study to the work of and, as a result, the most spiritually minded evangelization which the Church in India is facamong them have a tendency to despise all ma- ing. terial aids in carrying on religious work. The ideal of a Christian worker is a wandering sannyasin who is a celibate, who owns nothing in this world, Indian Women Evangelizing India By MISS E. N. WELLS, M.R.C.P., Ludhiana, Panjab Women's Christian Medical College W HEN the Women's Christian Medical tian work, and the remainder are non-Christians. College was founded forty-four years ago Of the compounders, the greater proportion are it was with this aim in view that Indian Christians and many are in mission hospitals. All Christian girls should be trained as medical mis- the nurses are Christians, and while several go insionaries to their own people, whether as doctors, to Government service the majority are employed compounders, nurses, midwives or dais. Has this by missions, several returning to the missions ideal been fulfilled? from which they have come for training. The midwives include women who come for midwifery Statistics are revealing, and so I give a few only and some compounders, and the nurses. regarding the graduates from this college and the Memorial Hospital attached to it. We have in training now: Since its inception the following have gradu- 130 Medical students of whom 85 are Christians. 16 Compounders of whom 14 are Christians. ated: 64 Nurses, all Christians. 67 Midwives. Christians and non-Christians. Medical Students ……………. 352 Compounders ……………….. 144 Our students in these classes come from, or are Nurses…………………….. 236 working with, about 26 different missions in *Midwives …………………… 813 India. Indigenous Dais …………….. 100 approximately The opportunities offered the graduates for Of these medical students about 120 are defi- spreading the Gospel are tremendous, especially nitely in mission work, about 50 Christians are in when it is realized that 90% of India's 340 milprivate practice, some of them doing real Chris- • These midwives include some nurses and compounders.

INDIAN WOMEN EVANGELIZING INDIA

lions live in the villages, and that each mission pital evangelistic work, and it is said that she is station is situated in a district surrounded by always willing to "go the extra mile" no matter numerous villages. (Ludhiana for instance has what comes in she is ready to help, and is loved 500 villages within a -five-mile radius.) by the people.

The founder and principal, Dame Edith *** Brown, is in England for a short furlough and in preparation for deputation meetings, she has Dr. M. in Bengal, who is in charge during the written to several mission hospitals where our absence of the senior doctor on furlough, is doing graduates are employed, asking for a report of a real work among the people. She goes out to their influence and work. The replies have been the villages with a band of people, who have been most encouraging in the majority of cases, and formed into a Witness Band, and they give their extracts from some of the letters which we quote time and help voluntarily, witnessing to the people prove that the quickest way of winning India for of what Christ has done for them. This is in ad- Christ is by sending out Indians trained for serv- dition to the evangelistic work in the hospital. ice, and with a real missionary zeal and vision. They can touch the hearts of their people as no *** foreigner ever can, and by their lives and witness show the power of Christ. The following extracts One of our Panjabi graduates, who married are typical of many others received: another doctor, went with him to work in a very backward district. She had a picture of the Cruci- Writing of one of our more recent graduates, fixion in her small dispensary, and the people the doctor in charge of the mission hospital says, visiting her for medical aid were told the story "Dr. J. is a fine Christian woman and has shown of the Cross. The message was spread through her influence in a number of ways…. Dr. J. is the village, and enquirers came forward, one happy to go out on calls regardless of what the woman and her daughter were baptized, and are patients can pay. What is even better, she is witnessing their faith in Christ far and wide. Dr. happy also to go out on tour with the Biblewomen. P. has come back to us to work in a village dis- If every Indian village could be within reach of pensary nearby, and is already winning the hearts a Christian woman doctor like Dr. J. the lot of of the people by her life and work. She is a the Indian women and children would soon be im- zealous evangelist and has a real gift for giving proved…. I wish we had funds to employ a half the Message in a way that is understood by the dozen doctors like Dr. J. and send them out into simple village folk. the villages. It would be one of the quickest ways of evangelizing this section of India." These graduates are all in mission service, but some who have gone into Government service are *** also doing a great work. One in particular comes to mind. She is in one of the Indian States, and Another doctor, writing of a senior graduate, in her spare time visits the people in their homes, says that Dr. C. was awarded the Coronation teaching them the Word, and has found many Medal last year, and this year was appointed as openings for witnessing for her Master. medical superintendent of the hospital, not an acting post but a regular appointment. It was re- *** ported in the papers that she was the first to be given such an appointment in the institutions of While in training the students receive instructhe South. We now have about six graduates who tion in evangelistic work, and have opportunity to have been made full members of the mtssionary go out to the villages if they wish to do so. Those societies, under which they are working. who have a real missionary vision are keen to do this, and in addition of course have contact with *** the patients. The language question is a problem. Our students collectively speak about 16 different Two interesting reports' come from a hospital languages, English being the common one in use on the North-West Frontier employing a doctor for study, but many keen students cannot speak and compounder. The former belongs to the dis- to the patients in Panjabi or Urdu, and while trict and knows the language. The latter is learn- studying have not the time to learn the language ing it and doing good work. A special hill tribe but it is encouraging to know of several who have came down to where the hospital is to trade, and to work out of their language area, and have were not allowed to return by the Government. mastered the local dialect in order to do more The senior doctor was not allowed to visit them, effective evangelistic work. but Dr. W. is allowed to do so and has been going regularly to teach them. Writing of the com- These particulars show how Indian Christians pounder they say "Her true Christian character are preparing and are evangelizing their own is what we value most and we hope she will stay people. We feel sure that it is the experience of with us many years." She does village and hos- missions all over the country, that it is India's own people who can and will bring her to a saving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ.

"The Blind Receive Their Sight" I•n

A Remarkable Example of Modern Medical Missionary Service in Shikarpur, Sind, India "'1 l/iI>– By STUART BERGSMA, M.D., Trudia, P"'jab, loma FIVE thousand patients come to Shikarpur Glaucoma is a dreaded eye disease in which Eye Hospital in January and February of the "window" of the eye becomes a greenish hazy each year. For twenty-eight years the color and the eyeball becomes hard. Patients who present themselves early for operation can be C. M. S. Hospital of Quetta has maintained this helped a great deal, but many suppose they are branch hospital which is open only two months developing cataracts and there will be plenty of of the year. For twenty-eight years Dr. Henry time. They arrive practically sightless, only to T. Holland, dean of all eye surgeons in India, has be told: "Too late! Nothing can be done!" Strong carried on his amazing work of giving sight to thousands of India's almost countless blind men break down and plead: "Just a little operapeople. Between 1,000 and 1,500 cataract opera- tion! please, give me just a little sight!" They tions alone are performed each year. It is no beat their foreheads, they grope to some corner exaggeration to say that sight has been restored to ponder upon the magnitude of the calamity that to 30,000 by this man and his co-workers. has befallen them. They sneak back into line two or three times in hopes the opinion may be It was my great privilege to be one of the guest changed; maybe the doctor who has such great surgeons invited to help in the eye work at Shik- arpur in January and February of 1938. I found power in his hands does not want to help them Shikarpur like most other Indian cities, dirty, con- after all; they offer the extra 40c they have gested, lacking necessary sanitary arrangements, knotted away in their shawl to spend for the food with narrow streets and open sewers, bazaars for the journey home; all to no avail, the eye is with food stalls swarming with flies, dust filling "burned out." Finally it sinks into their dulled the air-all ideal conditions for the spread of brain that they are really doomed to blindness for disease. the rest of their life. Again they take the hand' of their friend and hopelessly they plod the Few of our patients, however, come from the journey homeward. city itself. They come from villages scattered all over the Sind Desert. The fame of one' man, The Hospital Is the Patient with a Roof "Holland Sahib," draws them to the Eye Hospital Over Him at Shikarpur, about three hundred miles from Karachi in Southwest India. As many as 400 The patients are carried on primitive stretchers patients come in one day and on the two busiest from the hospital to the "sheds," erected by days our staff of four doctors performed 88 stretching poles from an enclosing brick wall to cataract operations and an equal number of other brick posts set in rows with mats placed over the eye operations each day. In January and Feb- poles to form a roof. As the number of in-patients ruary altogether. about 1,500 cataract operations increases the "hospital" is enlarged by stretching were performed. more poles from brick pier to pier and adding The most common eye condition for which relief more matting. It is a type of building which ilis sought at the Shikarpur Eye Hospital is cata- lustrates Dr. Paul Harrison's definition of a hosract. Indian hakims or untrained "doctors" have pital: "A patient with a roof over him, and the for ages treated blindness due to cataract by push- roof isn't very important." ing a needle into the eye right into the pupil and pushing the lens that has become opaque away To this hospital comes the high strung, nervous, from the aperture where it blocks the channel of sleek and well fed Hindu who has perhaps atlight and back into the rear chamber of the eye. tained his position of wealth and influence by The patient so treated has vision restored im- lending money to less fortunate brothers at 1000/0 mediately in many cases and as a result the hakim interest. He calls on "Ram," his god, to bless him makes a lucrative living. He does not stay in that as we remove his cataract, and he rolls his eyes village very long, however, nor does he return from side to side as we instruct him to remain if he can help it; for his patients in most cases quiet if he desires a good eye. He may be able to eventually become incurably blind. pay as much as $50 to $100 for his operation- (but try and get it!).

[482 ] Yonder is the calm and placid Mohammedan rails and four legs with rope woven across the peasant from a barren village far away. He lies frame. The patient and his attendant will freimmovable on the table except for a few muttered quently sleep in the same narrow bed and if other "Allah-Allah's" and because he is unspeakably members of the family have accompanied the poor will perhaps have his cataract removed for patient they sleep under the bed on the dirt floor. 40c. Mohammedans form two-thirds of our pa- There is a happy-go-lucky atmosphere about it all tients in this hospital. even though the scanty, thin bedding, the patched ragged clothing and the undernourished bodies Our next patient is a restless Brahui, outwardly tell of great poverty in the case of most of them. calm and trying to act indifferent and fearless at the prospect of an operation, but one can never "And the Poor Have the Gospel Preached tell what he may do. Or we may next see a long- to Them." haired Sikh with long black beard and hair untouched by scissors or razor. The stocky and A team of five evangelistic workers carried on strong Baluchi, the fanatical and suspicious an intensive and practical evangelistic campaign. Afghani, the plodding Panjabi peasant, the In the clinic, the sheds, the city and the neighbor- Pathan with the chip on his shoulder looking for ing district they sold 3,600 Scripture portions, trouble-all are represented. As many as five chiefly single Gospels, but also several whole hundred patients may be actually in residence at Bibles. When one considers that the district is one time, making this the largest Eye Hospital largely Mohammedan these large sales are really in the world while it is in operation. With each surprising. patient must come at least one friend to care for his needs, and frequently the whole family makes Daily preaching services were conducted in the it a time for vacation, bringing all the children hospital, and stereopticon talks on Scriptural and even the cow and the dog with pups. themes in the evening. The most fruitful work was done by hours spent in personal talks with Fifty fires will be burning with groups of a inquiring patients and friends. A greater evandozen or so about each campfire. Chipaties or gelistic opportunity could scarcelY,be imagined Indian breads are baking on skillets. Queer spicy anywhere. To estimate spiritual results is imsmells arise from the pots and pans over the possible. The physical results are clear and confires in the Hindu section. A small mob is milling vincing. Hundreds of men and women, whose about the kitchen from which 200 pounds of rice, eyes were blind so that they could see nothing at 200 pounds of flour and 200 quarts of milk are all, went home rejoicing, having received sight. distributed free to patient and one friend each It is our earnest hope that many also had "the day. eyes of their understanding enlightened" and could go home rejoicing, that whereas they once Each patient brings his own bedding, but native were spirtiually blind they now can see the charpais are furnished free. These charpais, or wondrous Light of the World. Indian beds, consist of a framework of four side- THE FASCINATION OF THE CITY The City man muses on the magnitude and significance of the daily migration of two millions of people from home or sleeping place into the business area of the city to its vital organs. He wonders what, if anything, this daily oscillation of human flesh has accomplished. It has helped to turn the turbines of industry and of commerce, true, but what has it all done to the people themselves?

Surely the city is at once dynamic and stimulating. The great metropolitan communities of London, New York, Chicago, Detroit and San Francisco exert a lure and fascination on hamlet and cross-road. The city is exhilarating to the young, challenging to the prepared, albeit enervating to the weak, frightening to the old and relentlessly hard on the hindermost. If only men never felt fatigue and never grew old, is the long, single sigh of the city.

Yet, even in his weary moments, there is respite and revival for spent City man; he sees his city, despite its inhumanity, a city magnificent; its buildings towering skyward, commanding a view of the whole metropolitan area; bridges with their graceful arches concealing strength under their grace; educational institutions magnificent in their equipment; art galleries and museums; imposing luxurious hotels; apartment houses designed to give the favored a sense of security and power; a flow of traffic magnificent in its equipage, pulsating with unlimited energy; a skyline splendid in outline despite its haphazard notches and irregular curves. Yet, what a toll in human substance this magnificence has cost!

CHARLES H. SEARS.

Great Missionaries To

Lessons from Their Ideals and Methods -<till I By REV. C. E. ABRAHAM, Serampore College, Bengal jSt– INTRODUCTION. A missionary may be judged 9, 1834 Carey died at Serampore at the age of seventy- by the historian from various points of view. three. His achievements, methods of work and ideals Certain things are a source of perpetual inspirand aspirations may each entitle a missionary to ation and enlightenment to posterity in the life a niche in the temple of fame, and a man be well and work of William Carey. The secret of his satisfied if he has something to his credit on any of wonderful achievements may be found in his love these counts. Taking the long roll of missionaries for His Saviour and in his faith in God's promises.

from the West who have labored in India, scores Carey was a child of the evangelical revival in- have earned a secure place in the history of the itiated by the Wesleys and Whitfield in England.

Church by the brilliance of their achievements or Since the day of his conversion, as a young man, aspirations in the cause of the Kingdom. A few the cross of Jesus was a theme that constantly may be ranked as pioneers in missionary annals engaged his thought and touched new chords of and upon them posterity has bestowed a greater wonder and joy in his soul. We may recall here degree of honor than on their fellows. This is not two incidents in Carey's life. When Marshman only because.of what they were in themselves, but asked one day for a text on which he might preach because they typify in a more conspicuous manner, during the memorial service after Carey's death, the ideals and aspirations of their fellow mission- Carey at once suggested "By Grace ye are saved."

aries. (Eph. 2: 8.) At the beginning of his career Alexander Duff Among this select few may be reckoned the three figures that form the subject of this short came to receive Dr. Carey's blessings. At the end sketch. Each may be called a pioneer in illustrat- of the conversation in which the veteran was ing certain qualities or certain methods of work complimented by the young missionary on the which are unique in mission history. At the same work the former had accomplished, Carey turned time all of them are in various ways like other to Duff and said: "When I am gone, don't speak workers of whom the world has heard little or of Dr. Carey, but of his Saviour." Even today it nothing. In appreciating these pioneers we are is only the cross of Christ that can enable men to not paying homage to a few supermen on top of be true missionaries and can keep them Christthe missionary roll of honor, but honoring the like in their life and service for the Kingdom. rank and file who have enlisted themselves in the valiant task of building up the Kingdom of God Amazing too is the breadth of vision that Carey in India. displayed in his work at a time when parochialism prevailed everywhere. While in England he William Carey awoke to the need of preaching the Gospel to the non-Christian world and tried to arouse others We shall consider first the great mIssIOnary also to a sense of the same need. That is how who is justly called the "Father of Modern Mis- the Baptist Missionary Society came to be founded sions." The main facts of his life are well known: in 1792. In India, too, Carey's work was charac- William Carey was born August 17, 1761, at Paulers terized by the same wide sweep of vision. He Pury in Northampton-shire, England; in 1779 he was was not content to work in one spot; being overconverted while serving as an apprentice in a shoemaker's whelmed by the sense of need of the whole counshop; he was pastor in Moulton and Leicester and in try, he wanted to make Serampore a centre of 1792 preached his deathless sermon on Isaiah 44; "Ex- far-flung missionary operations throughout the pect great things from God, Attempt great things for God"; on October 2, 1792, the Baptist Missionary Society East. In translation work, he took the whole of was founded and in 1793 Carey was appointed missionary to India; from 1794 to 1800 Carey was an indigo planter India as his field, not only Bengal. It will be reand padre at Mudnabati; in 1800 he reached Serampore; in 1801 the Bengali New Testament was published; later membered that he translated the Bible into all Bible and Bible portions were translated into 34 Indian the prm.C.Ipa1 1anguages f I n d·Ia excep t t wo m. languages; in 1818 he founded Serampore College; June 0 the extreme South (Tamil and Malayalam) for which provision had been otherwise made.

[484 ] Further, Carey found no difficulty in cooperat- council. As a rule the Indian cannot easily see ing with those of a different persuasion from in a missionary a follower of Christ of the Indian himself in theological and ecclesiastical matters. Road. Carey's covenant reads as follows: Himself a Baptist by conviction, though not by birth, he moved on the most friendly terms with 1. To set an infinite value on men's souls. Anglican chaplains like Henry Martyn and David 2 To acquaint ourselves with the snares which hold Brown. The Martyn Pagoda in Serampore is a the minds of the people. witness today to this interdenominational amity 3. To abstain from whatever deepens India's prejudice that Carey valued so highly. The broad basis on against the Gospel. which Serampore College is founded is another 4. To watch for every chance of doing the people good. illustration of his broad outlook. It is laid down 5. To preach "Christ crucified" as the grand means of in the College statutes that "No caste, color or conversion. creed shall debar anyone from becoming a student 6. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals. of Serampore College." In his methods one finds 7. To guard and build up "the hosts that may be the same comprehensiveness of outlook. Though gathered." he never tired of preaching by word of mouth in 8. To cultivate their spiritual gifts, ever pressing upon the streets of Calcutta and Serampore and else- them their missionary obligation-since Indians only can where he did not conceive the Gospel to be merely win India for Christ. a message to be delivered; it was for him a 9. To labor unceasingly in Biblical translation. Power to transform society as well as individuals; 10. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion. that is why he adopted, along with his colleagues, 11. To give ourselves without reserve to the cause, "not various methods in fighting social evils such as counting even the clothes we wear our own." infanticide and suttee (widow-burning). Alexander Duff Some Missionary Ideals Here is a representative of the second genera- Amongst the ideals that Carey has bequeathed tion of Protestant missionaries. Duff was a to posterity may be mentioned two which have a pioneer in the field of Christian higher education. special relevance to the present time. He saw early the value of indigenous leadership in relation Duff was born April 25, 1806; in 1823 to 1829 he was to the missionary program. Serampore College in St. Andrews under Dr. Chalmers; in 1829 he was was founded for the training of "native youth" appointed missionary and arrived in India; in 1830 he to preach the Gospel. He also saw the importance opened a school which later grew into the now famous of giving a thorough training to Indian youth, Scottish Church College; in 1832 lie published the first not only in the truths of the Christian religion, number of the Calcutta Christian Observer; from 1844 but also in the thought and culture of the East. to 1849 he was editor of the Calcutta Review; in 1854 Sanskrit had an honored place in the Serampore he gave evidence before the Government which influenced curriculum for a long time and the vernaculars the famous Education Dispatch of 1854 (resulting in the too received recognition that they had not en- creation of the University of Calcutta, Bombay and joyed before. The value of the vernacular is now Madras); on February 12, 1878, he died in Edinburgh being recognized by every missionary society, but at the age of seventy-two. one wonders whether the same emphasis is given by all missions alike to the cultural heritage of The ship in which Duff came out to India with India in the training of evangelists and pastors. his wife in 1830 was wrecked off the coast of Africa and Duff lost all his possessions, includ- Another of Carey's ideals was that mission ing a library of 800 books which was a gift from work should be carried on upon the basis of a the Mission Council of the Church of Scotland. fellowship and sh~ring between workers on the Two of these books were washed ashore and field. The covenant drawn up by the Serampore eventually came into Duff's hands-a copy of trio, Carey, Marshman and Ward is one that Bagster's Edition of the Bible and a Scottish should prove a challenge to every mission field at Psalter. These were practically the sole possesthe present time. Carey and his colleagues tried to sions with which he landed in India, but Duff was live their lives, in spite of difficulties, in the light not disappointed for he knew that there was only of this high ideal; and it is perhaps this aspect one thing needful and he held in his hands the of his life which evokes the greatest admiration treasure that India needed most. for them in the eyes of the Indian Church. The members of this Church want not only to receive The problem of presenting the Gospel to the the Gospel from the West from the missionaries, people of Bengal was by no means an easy one. but to see its truths demonstrated in the mission Missionaries before him had preached the Word compound, missionary conferences and church in the market place and in the highways; the Bible had been translated into the vernaculars, yet the heart of Hinduism r.emained apparently untouched. Intellectuals among Hindus were either orthodox or agnostic and were not kindly disposed towards Christianity. Duff believed that the Gospel would be able to uproot the evils of Hinduism only if the Bible was presented in the context of Western culture and philosophy. West- Christianity. This is clear from the follow- ern education carried on through the medium of ing quotation from Duff's writings.

English might be used to work this miracle and I have never ceased to pronounce the system of giving so Duff made up his mind to try this new method. a high English education, without religion, blind suicidal The times were propitious. Whether English or policy. On the other hand, . . . I have never ceased the oriental languages should be given primacy to declare that . . . no wiser or more effective plan can be conceived than that of bestowing this higher Engin the administrative policy of the East India lish education in close and inseparable alliance with the Company was a live issue, and Duff threw the illumining, quickening, beautifying influences of the Chrisweight of his support in favor of English. Even- tian faith.

tually, thanks to the advocacy of Macaulay, the If we criticize the modern system of education English language came to be accepted as the in India we must remember that its character as medium of instruction in India and thus higher visualized by its advocates like Duff, was differeducation received a new dignity and status which ent from what has been developed in the course it has retained until the present day. of time. The Lindsay Commission which visited Duff's greatness lies in the fact that he was the India in 1931 investigating the conditions under first to make higher education in English an effec- which higher education was carried on, has at- tive handmaid in the Christian program. The tempted to restore the Christian colleges to their Christian school and college are now accepted as original level of usefulness to the community and a matter of course as an integral factor in mis- the nation at large as in the days of Carey and sionary and church work, and we are apt to lose Duff. This in itself is a tribute to the inherent sight of the difficulties of the pioneer. It is true soundness of Duff's ideal for Christian higher edthat in Duff's day, there was a widespread desire ucation. Discussing the aims of Christian higher in Bengal to learn English since it afforded a education, the Report of the Commission says: key to the treasures of Western culture. But to To give the students who come to them a sound educa- learn it from a missionary and to learn it in a tion, to open their minds to the opportunities of service school where the Bible was given the first place which are all about them, and through contact with the was not a proposition which all enlightened Gospel of Jesus Christ to inspire them with the spirit Hindus were prepared to accept. The noble ex- which will enable them to render that service effectively; to furnish leaders for the Christian community, which ertions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in making Duff's in its growing numbers and enlarging influence is beexperiment a success may be remembered with coming a factor of increasing importance in India's nagratitude both by the Hindus and Christians of tional life; and through the studies of its scholars into the present generation. Duff opened his school on the baffling problems-economic, social, and religious- July 13, 1830 in the presence of Ram Hohan Roy, which cry out for solution, to lay a firm basis on sound who had specially been present, on the occasion knowledge for wise action: this is to do for India what India most needs (p. 119).

to dispel the suspicions of his countrymen about If every missionary and Indian Christian the new missionary move. Duff's school grew into teacher would bear in mind the primary purpose large dimensions, and by the end of his career in of Christian education as it is sketched here and India Christian missions were vying with one would seek to go about his work in the spirit of another in promoting this new line of evangelistic the pioneer of this movement, Christian education work in different parts of the country. in India may increasingly become the spearhead Duff made his appeal on behalf of the Gospel, of a great evangelistic advance. We need today not only through the classroom as a teacher, but more men of Duff's type, men with conviction he appealed to the mind of non-Christian India about the spiritual value of Christian education.

through the press and the platform. By such a many-sided intellectual appeal he hoped to create Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur a ferment in Hindu society through which Bengal The jungle village of Dohnavur in Tinnevelly intelligentsia might be won for Christ. He was district in the south of India, has come on the not altogether disappointed in the result, for there missionary map during the last two decades. were several notable conversions from among his Here a wonderful piece of work is being carried students during his life time. on by Miss Amy Carmichael and her associates, Duff's Conception of Christian Education European and Indian, who are knit together into a spiritual fellowship of life and service.

In pleading for a system of education in which Miss Carmichael first came to South India English was of fundamental importance, Duff's nearly forty years ago and there saw one of the main consideration was that it would be a reli- horrible customs in Hindu society-that of dedi- gious system through and through. He had little cating girls and boys to the gods and goddesses in use for education divorced from the teaching of Hindu temples-still lingering in certain parts. The fate of these children is ultimately a life of The following "Confession of Love" signed by girls joining the "Sisters of the Common Life" shame and misery. Since the more enlightened (organized March 18, 1916) expresses wonder- fully well, the spirit of the Fellowship as a whole. public opinion in Indian society does not counte- My vow: nance this scandalous custom, it has created an un- Whatsover Thou sayest unto me, by Thy grace I will derworld of its own with its secret agents for do it.

trafficking in the souls and bodies of innocent My constraint: Thy love, 0 Christ, my Lord. children. Moved to sympathy with the victims of My confidence: this evil custom in the Tinnevelly district Miss Thou art able to keep that which have I committed Carmichael, an Irish woman and formerly a mis- unto Thee.

sionary under the Church Missionary Society, My joy: To do Thy will, 0 God. started rescue work among them. There were My discipline: very heavy odds against her but God blessed her That which I would not choose, but which Thy love efforts and from humble beginnings it has now appoints.

developed into noble proportions both in size and My prayer: Conform my will to Thine. personnel. From being the work of a lone hand it My motto: has now become the united effort of a heroic Love to Live: Live to Love.

Fellowship* at Dohnavur. In a sense, the work My portion: The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance. (Gold Cord, being carried on is not very different from that p. 162.) found in some other mission stations. There is In recent times Fellowships similar to that of preaching the Gospel, teaching the children, vil- Dohnavur have been formed in different places in India under the name of "Ashrams." lage uplift, medical service-all these are featu~es These Ashrams and Fellowships are the harin the Christian missionary program of IndIa. binger of a new day for the missionary movement in India. At the same time it may be said that Yet the spirit behind the work is unfortunately they cannot wholly take the place of the mission- ary societies, Western or Eastern. What we need not found in every mission. is a sufficient number of Fellowships throughout the country s~ that they may act as living cells There are two things in the Dohnavur spirit promoting the spiritual health of the missionary organization as a whole. which we may note specially. First, there is the Our Conclusion spirit of faith and complete dependence on God We may recall the thought we gave expression for every need and for guidance and power that to in the introduction to this article. The three figures introduced into this sketch are pioneers animates all the work and workers. Their mis- as well as types. They have accomplished differ- ent kinds of work which may in a sense be called sion was born of faith and is sustained by faith. unique; yet in another sense it is work in which Western Missions have been engaged from the be- It is not supported by any missionary society or ginning of their history. What India longs to see is that the work of missions and missionaries to church council in the West or in the East. The India is carried on today in the spirit of the pioneers-the spirit of Christian faith, spiritual buildings at Dohnavur, as well as the men and fellowship and self-sacrificing adventure.

women serving there, are reminders to a visitor of God who answers prayer, the prayer of believ- ing faith. Elaborate organization in missionary work, it seems, has too generally tended to reduce the element of faith almost to the vanishing point, but one feels that what Dohnavur stands for is a corrective that is greatly needed in India at the present time.

Second, the Dohnavur spirit is the spirit of fel- loofwCshhriip~t.intMimenataenadnwd ovmiteanl and rooted in the love belonging to different races and communions have come together in a spirit of love based on common loyalty to their Lord and Master.

• The story of the Fellowship is recorded by Miss Carmichael In "Gold Cord" S. P. C. K.. 1932.

Our Part in His Task By HENRY VAN DYKE Every mason in the quarry, every builder on the shore, Every chopper in the pa!m grove, every ~aftsman at the oar-:- Hewing wood and drawmg water, splIttmg stones and cleavmg sod- All the dusty ranks of labor, in the regiments. of G<?d, .

March together toward His triumph, do the tas!: HIS hands prepare, Honest toil is holy service: faithful work is praIse and pr~~er. . -From The Mar~t'/,me Bapt'tSt.

Indian Christian-Pandita Ramabai*

PANDITA RAMABAI was born in 1858 and own people. Her book with the title Morals for was the great pioneer of the modern women's Women had brought her in enough to provide movement in India. She inherited from her funds for her and her child's travel. ,father, Ananta Shastri Dongre, a learned Brah- It was about this time that she had been called min, the best traditions of Indian civilization. before the Education Commission to give evi- Her mother, who had been educated by her hus- dence. It is said that her words were reported to band, taught little Ramabai in her earliest child- Queen Victoria, who was greatly impressed, and hood to know the sounds of Sanskrit as the sacred that her appeal for women doctors for India texts were intoned around her. Her youth, hastened the formation of the Dufferin Hospital 1858-78, was spent wandering with her parents scheme for women's hospitals. Pandita herself from the south to the north of India. Her father had hoped to be a medical woman but was pre- taught the Hindu Puranas or Sanskrit texts wher- vented by deafness.

ever he went and encouraged the idea of women's Baptized into Christ education. He was an enlightened Hindu mission- Arrived in England Ramabai and her daughter, ary. When her parents both died suddenly, Ramabai Manorama, went to Wantage. Here, in 1883, they and her brother were left alone in the world and were both received into the Church of Christ.

they continued to travel on foot for two thousand The following year found Ramabai at Chelten- miles, searching for truth at ham Ladies College working great Hindu seats of learn- with and learning from Miss ing and expounding to the The chief characteristics of Ra- Dorothea Beale. The two ignorant what they them- mabai's life were her noble, digni- women made a fast friend- selves knew. Everywhere fied and commanding personality, ship and after Miss Beale's they saw the sufferings of her exceptionally loving, sympa- death a Ramabai Fund was women and preached their thetic and generous nature, her im- started by some members of emancipation. Ramabai lec- mense mountain-moving faith, her the College Guild. At Chel- tured in Sanskrit and so as- strength of character, deep humil- tenham, Ramabai tau g h t tounded the learned Pandits ity, wonderful administrative ca- Sanskrit to a chosen few and that they gave her the title pacity and above all her great pas- continued her own studies.

Pandita and called her Sa- sion for winning souls. Prayer was She was young in Christian rasvati (Wisdom). the power which worked her great faith and experience and In Calcutta she married a institution. The Word of God was once left Miss Beale, who Bengali gentleman, Mr. Bi- her ever abiding strength. thought that she had lost pin Bipari Medhavi, M.A., her faith; but it was not and they had one little for long and she returned daughter and a happily married life for two years. more radiant than before.

Then her husband died and Pandita, finding her- Later, in America, whither she went to study self a lonely Hindu widow, determined to devote Froebel, she investigated such cults as Christian her life to the uplift of Indian womanhood. For Science and Spiritism. The former she called a this purpose she went back to her own country, sort of old Vedantism, and she thought it had its Western India, and arrived at Poona where she origin in Tibet. A lady who was a spiritist came hoped to form branches of a society which had to Pandita offering to put her into communication been formed to encourage the education and social with her mother. Ramabai, who had loved her reform of women. She was welcomed by the re- mother very dearly, consented to receive the mes- formers and feared by the orthodox. sage. When it was delivered the lady repeated Near to the entrance of Poona City the Wan- such a garbled edition of Ramabai's own nam::: tage community has its convent and here Pandita that the latter turned away disgusted, saying, found a friend in one of the sisters. She became "My mother could never have called me that." inclined towards Christianity and studied the A group of American friends, who were im- Bible. Finally she decided to travel to the West pressed by the charm and scholarship of this in order to fit herself better for service to her Indian lady who toured their country dressed in her simple white sari and eating purely vege- • From the July (1938) number of National Missionary Intelli- tarian food, formed a "Ramabai Association" to qencer, India.

[488 ] provide funds for her work for widows in India. of which any committee would have been afraid. With this help Ramabai sailed home in 1889. In later years she turned all her own powers of scholarship to a Marathi translation of the Bible. On arrival in Bombay she was met by the social This she did because she found the existing reformers who helped her to start a home for editions too erudite for ordinary villages. She widows in Bombay. This was subsequently moved had studied Hebrew and Greek and made a system to Poona. Her faith in Christ grew ever greater of comparison with other editions. All this printand with it her work broadened and she desired ing was done at Mukti where she had her own to help not only tlie high caste but any woman in printing presses run entirely by wom~n. distress. Pandita Ramabai possessed an Indian woman's In the terrible period of famine in Gujarat, gift of spirituality, combined with common sense; the district to the North of Bombay, Pandita, who she had the strength of character which belongs had herself suffered in famines, visited the area to the Deccan. She was first and foremost a and brought away famine children. Funds she re- mother. Seated on the floor at the Sunday service, ceived from America were used in starting homes the little children pressing up against her white at Mukti, Khedgaon, thirty miles from Poona. and flowing sari, played with her keys and This now became the centre of her work and at a fountain pen while she listened to a long one time the number of inmates at Mukti totalled Marathi sermon. She had a huge responsibility 1,900. on her shoulders, but she did not appear worried or anxious. Her early wanderings in the jungle Her years of wandering among the villages of had given her a love of wide spaces in nature, no India stood her in good stead in organizing such fear in loneliness, and vision and simple faith. a work. To feed these numbers was in itself a large task and Pandita had a hundred cattle and She was a loving mother, but also a firm dismany wells and a whole department for cultivat- ciplinarian. ing the adjoining fields, the work being largely done by the women themselves. Manorama, who seemed so fitted for the work, died in 1921, and in her g,reat sorrow She desired those in her charge to learn to be Pandita went bravely on alone. Pandita herself good housewives and that every Indian woman died the next year. At the memorial service Hindu should be a good cook. Many departments of in- and Christian joined to honor her and Mrs. dustrial work, graded according to the intelligence Sarojini Naidu, foremost among Indian women, of the worker, were organized by a devoted band said that she had learned her first inspiration for of helpers, many of whom came from America, service from Pandita. the colonies or Europe. No Christian leader has ever inherited such a Later the education of the Mukti community wealth of Hindu culture; but for her it proved was organized by Manorama, who had in- insufficient; and she found the fulfilment of her herited her mother's gift for accepting responsi- religious life in the simplicity of the Gospel of bility; the schools were held in the great central Christ. She accepted the guidance of God in every building which was used on Sundays for church. detail of life and her leadership was sure and Manorama, besides providing for the education quiet. The tradition of Pandita Ramabai means of more than thirteen hundred girls, was finding a great deal to the Church of Christ in India; time and energy to attend the Deccan College in but she was even more than a great Indian, she Poona and take her degree. was also a great international in her outlook and realized that the love of Christ makes all men kin. The Pandita's great faith made her see visions of what might be and launch out into schemes Note: Read also: "Devotees of Christ," by D. S. Batley, 2 shillings, Senana Missionary Society, London,1938. This is a very stirring series of fourteen short biographies of Indian Christian women. They are for reading aloud. D. L. P.

"CENT-A-DAY" MOVEMENT IN CHINA Throughout China Christians are subscribing to the "Cent-a-Day" Movement inaugurated by the National Christian Council to provide relief funds for Chinese sufferers. This movement is part of an effort to mobilize all the resources of the Christian community. Everyone who wishes to cooperate is expected to give one cent a day. The National Christian Council assumes responsibility for making surveys of conditions and needs and allocates money on the basis of these surveys. The movement is also expected to strengthen the spirit of giving and of stewardship.

Church Takes Root in India*

Reviewed by F. M. PERRILL Condensed from "The Indian Witness," Bombay H ERE is a comprehensive presentation of In- lord who refuses to give the untouchables any dia's response to Christian teaching. Basil sort of equality of opportunity; this is but a heri- Mathews, incessant traveler, discriminat- tage from the past. The difference is that today ing observer, succinct writer who visited India in the untouchable is crying out for a different treat- 1936-7, has made telling use of his ability as a ment; in olden times he would never have thought gatherer and analyzer of pertinent facts. of such a thing; he would not have dared to cry It is not a simple matter to describe the way in out.

which the Christian Church is taking root in The Christians in the villages, along with the India. Many do not realize that India is a country others who are classed by high caste Hindus as as large as the United States east of the Rockies. depressed or untouchable, must bear the brunt Christians are found in almost every section of of the social and economic oppression that is found that vast domain. Situations are not the same in everywhere. Christianity has not brought magi- all parts of India for there are marked spiritual cal social or economic release and so there is no awakenings in some places while a thousand miles temptation for the untouchables to become Chris- away, in a different language area, there may be tians in the hope of finding immediate deliver- little evidence of such interest. ance. As Mr. Mathews says, "What is given to Eighty-five per cent of India's three hundred the outcaste who comes into the Christian fold and fifty million people live in villages and most today is never economic betterment but power to of the Christians in India live in the villages. No raise himself."

one lives on a farm; but farmers live in villages . The author tells of the reform movement among and go out to work in their fields. Most Chris- the Hindus, which is trying to do away with un- tians are poor and come from groups who work touchability. Mr. Gandhi is rightly credited with for the landlords. As a class they are almost at leading this reform. Evidently the author does the bottom of the economic ladder. For the not believe that Hinduism will be able to bring Church to take root among these groups means about the social transformation that the reform- that the pastors and teachers must work against ers desire. "If caste, karma and maya are thrown great economic, social and educational odds. out, what remains is not Hinduism." Certainly Mr. Mathews tells us that there is a "changing caste must go if untouchability is to go. Dr. Am- tempo" to be found in rural India. He says, "We bedkar, the untouchable leader, says that Hindu- see the age-old rhythm of her life being strangely ism cannot remove untouchability since the caste disturbed by the restless mechanism of the new system has produced it. The untouchables must age and by the ferment of ideas in action, such as leave Hinduism if they are to find spiritual re- nationalism, communism, feminism and Chris- lease.

tianity…. Priceless wealth lies in the old system; Weare shown something of the struggle that untold benefits lie in the new." The Church the untouchables face as they seek to raise throughout rural India is "taking root" in a soil themselves. The part which Christianity is play- that is being deeply plowed. The Gospel has much ing is indicated by the statement that "every to do with this plowing and the Sermon on the month at least fifteen thousand untouchables are Mount has plowed a deep furrow across India's coming out of animism to enter the Church in age-long complaisancies. The introduction of India because of the changed lives of their fellow democratic ideas, along with British rule, caused men who are in the Christian fold." It is this the unrest in rural India. In the olden days the steady movement towards Christianity which the villages had more than their share of famine and Hindus are trying to check.

pestilence, of cruel oppression and poverty, and If a liberal-minded Hindu like Mr. Gandhi can there was no effective remedy. If today there is attack with some warmth the work of Christians the pride and arrogance of the high caste land- in India, it may be taken for granted that others not so liberal are showing greater "warmth." And Fri•eBndyshBipasPilreMss.atheNwews. Yo1r9k8. p1p9.38. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents paper. SO it happens that in many parts of India the vil- [490 ] lage Christians are facing severe persecutions and from India so to let its light shine that all men denunciations. Mr. Mathews gives a clear picture may glorify God." of the struggle that is .going on. There are thousands of these humble illiterate village people who The reading of this book will bring a better have taken Christ as their Lord and Master. This understanding of the problems which the Chrisstatement merits attention: tian Church faces in India. It will also give a "The Church in India is indeed a community very vivid picture of the different ways in which desperately ignorant, marred with dark blemishes, these problems are being solved. It will show that divided within itself, stumbling at times into the the efforts to bring about extensive Church union slough of despond from which it is being lifted are succeeding. Those who have learned much by its divine Lord. I do not understand, how- about India through the years will find this book ever, how anyone who has seen that Church at its a help in correlating their information, while worship, met in comradeship the rank and file of those who are looking for help towards a better its leaders, come face to face with the harsh, understanding of present-day India will find here loathsome forces that it has to fight, and been the book they need. It is good literature and lifted in soul by its singing courage, can doubt there are many quotable passages. that, sharing as it does with the holy Church throughout the world the grace of its living Lord, The book is particularly well suited for study it is destined to be the saving salt of India, and or discussion groups. It has a good index and one of the most useful features of the appendix is the full and well-arranged reading list.

THANK GOD FOR YOUTH!* Youth-heir of the sufferings, ministries, achievements of past generations; whose life blood is the very life blood of those who gave them birth; whose intellectual grasp is the product of patient tutelage at home and at school; whose spiritual ideals root in the great souls of yesterday and today-youth, heir of all the past.

Youth—come into a wanton world create d by the sin and stupidity of its elders; handicapped by the mistakes of well-meaning but blind generations; burdened but not overwhelmed by the immensity of the problems of the hour-youth, creature of the past but creator of the future.

Youth-energetic and dissatisfied; sometimes moved by a reckless restlessness and again by a divine discontent; misguided and uncontrolled, at times, wasting its substance in riotous living; divinely motivated and sublimely purposed, at times, daring to attempt a perfection which seems, to cautious older minds, to be idealistic folly-youth, unwilling to accept the world as it is.

Youth – suffering deep pent-up sorrows, enduring well-nigh crQshing defeats, hoping against tremendous odds, fighting cruel inner battles, winning, unherill.ded but glorious triumphs-youth, victim and victor.

Christian youth—captured by the dream of the young Idealist of Nazareth, impelled by the lofty concerns which led Him to Calvary; Christian youth, seeking to know and follow the Will of God, embracing all human kind wi thin the family circle; determined to rid the world of its besetting sins and unnecessary sorrow-Christian youth, with whom the name "Christian" takes on a new, and yet its oldest, meaning.

Christian youth-newly conscious of its potential power, impatient with the trivialities which divide the Church of Christ, accepting the responsibility to build a Christlike world, counting the possible cost of allegiance to Christ and increasingly ready to pay the price- Christian youth a dedicated minority, intent upon the work for which Christ gave His life.

Christian youth-aware of the limits of their own wisdom, taking counsel of the experiences of the past, seeking the help which comes from God alone, cherishing no fantastic thought that theirs will be a quick or easy victory-Christian youth who call Jesus "Master," who enlist in His cause for the duration of life, trusting the God of all power to give them strength for every need.

Thank God for Youth!

* From the Missionary Herrald, Boston.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

THE MADRAS CON- this Conference as it considers ty years, and who himself has some of the great problems been a Foreign missionary in FERENCE which face the world Church to- Turkey for a quarter of a cen- day. tury. The decennial meeting of the International Missionary Council, to which THE INTERDEPENDENCE Too often the great achievefour hundred and fifty delegates from OF HOME AND FOREIGN ments of the Home missionary all parts of the world will assemble, MISSIONS movement go unnoticed and unwill begin in Madras, India, on De- sung. Why? Foreign missions cember· twelfth and continue through Both Home and Foreign Mis- go on, ever growing, ever gain- sions find their origin in the December thirtieth. Dr. John R. Mott same source – the Christian ing in strength. Each new Church. Out of the Church flows achievement adds to the totaJ will preside. both life streams, one going to- picture of the results of Foreign wards the Home missionary missions. In contrast, in the Home Missions is well repre- fields and the other maintaining Home missionary field, the consented in the delegation sched- the Foreign missionary move- stant and commendable effort uled to meet in Madras on the ment. morning of December twelfth. has been to get a church that Among the home mission l~ad­ Thousands of our American was founded by Home missions ers representing America at this churches were founded in the up to the status of a Helf-sup- Conference are Mrs. Hilda Ives, Home mISSIOnary movement. porting church, whereupon it Executive Secretary of the Asso- During the period of their ciated Commission for the De- growth, these same churches immediately ceases to become a velopment of the Rural Church were either established by a part of the Home missionary in New England, and President Home missionary, or a little program and emerges as a part of the New England Town and group of Christians were able to of the supporting constituency Country Church Commission; build their church through the of both Home and Foreign mis- Dr. Mary Sweeney, Rural Ex- financial help of the Home Mis- sionary work. Take for example pert from Merrill Palmer School, sion Boards. the First Congregational Church Detroit, Michigan; Miss Celes- of Pittsfield, Massachusetts,- tine Smith, Y. W. C. A. Student In my own denomination some which is one of the seventy-one Secretary working among Col- of the strongest churches, which ored schools in the South; Mr. today have the greatest sense of churches which contribute to- ;Martin Harvey, President of stewardship, and which contrib- gether over twenty-five per cent the Christian Youth Council of ute loyally and substantially to of all the missionary money giv- North America; Dr. Roy G. both Home and Foreign mis- en by over six thousand Congre- Ross, General Secretary of the sions were founded by Home gational and Christian Churches. International Council of Reli- Missions. Studying the history of the First gious Education; and Dr. Edwin A. Odell, representing the All of our Foreign mission- Church of Pittsfield, one finds Committee on Cooperation in aries came out of the Church- that its first building was erected Latin America, and of the Pres- many of them came from Home with the aid of Home missionary byterian Board of National Mis- missionary churches. Among my money. The writer is persuaded sions of North America. These Foreign missionary friends are that a comprehen~ive study of and many others from America those who caught the vision of all churches built in the last one will take to the Conference their being a Foreign missionary, be- hundred and fifty years would very great interest, concern, and cause of the spirit and devotion reveal that there would have information on the whole home of their parents as Home mis- been very little of the great Formission field. sionaries. One of the most won- eign missionary enterprise of derful illustrations of this is Dr. the past century were it not for Following the Madras Confer- Fred Field Goodsell, Executive the vitality given to the home ence there will be two teams of Vice-President of the American nationals from all parts of the Board of Commissioners for churches by the Home missionworld who will visit fifty cities Foreign Missions, whose parents ary movement. in the United States bringing were Home missionaries for forback the message of Madras to One of the failures of the misthe home Church. [492 ] sionary enterprise during many years has been an inadequate May the continued prayers of the American Church be with handling of the marvellous op- portunity of the foreign student

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

within our gates. Perhaps For- tian group in the world. Those at Christmas season this year. of us who lived and worked with eign missions have been so busy China's Christians know their CHRISTINA MARTYN OUTERBRIDGE going to the ends of the earth, stature. The reality of their ex- perience of God and their con- Former Congregational Missionary in China. they have overlooked or neglected sciousness of the central place of the great opportunity of bring- Jesus Christ in their lives en- WORLD DAY OF PRAYER ing the foreign students in ables them to bring to us a mes- America in contact with Chris- sage of great power and insight. February 24, 1939 tians, and especially failed in in- The growth of the Kingdom of troducing them into Christian God will be hastened by our wel- As the October Bulletin goes homes. No greater tragedy has coming to ourAmerican churches to press the printed material for occurred than that of a student more of the leaders of Christian the World Day of Prayer, obwho has spent from two to eight thought from these lands where served always on the first Friday years in America's colleges with- the Christian religion is a new in Lent, is being prepared for out discovering the Christian and vigorous growth. publication. The theme will be way of life, and yet thousands of "Let us Put our Love into Deeds students have lived in America Recently one of our Chinese -and Make it Real." The proand gone away again without pastors, Wang Hsueh J en, whose gram has been prepared by a church at Taiku, Shansi, is built group of young women of the becoming Christian, and without on the site where the mission- Presbyterian Church in the the Christian churches in Amer- aries were massacred in 1900, U. S. A., who meet together ica being very much disturbed came and spoke in many of our monthly for the preparation of New England churches. His helps for the development of about their lost opportunity. Dr. audiences were immediately im- spiritual life and is an enQeavor Hu Shih of China, one of the pressed that here was a man for to direct us to face unflinchingly greatest philosophers of our day, eighteen years in the pastorate some of the aspects of our modwho spent four years at Cornell in his own country-a man of ern life which are definitely unand four years at Columbia, is rare insight, deep compassion christian. It would be an en- and capable of great suffering. riching experience for commita notable illustration of this sit- His most thoughtful observation tees planning for such an obuation. He once told a group of of us was that it was too easy to servance to meet early in the fall American friends at Shanghai, become a church member in and regularly thereafter, using "Perhaps I could become a America. He said that we had the program as a consecration Christian if you Christians only made it so easy to join the service for each meeting. Those acted as though you believed Church that membership had lost taking part in the service on the what you say you believe." How much of its meaning for many World Day of Prayer should of our members. In a reflective have prayed the program did we miss this great oppor- mood we must admit that his through at least three times for tunity that came to America statement is too true in many the deeper realization of their during the first thirty-five years cases, but are we willing to lis- own participation. ten to a Christian missionary of the twentieth century? Was from China as we hope they will Two thousand five hundred it because Foreign missions be willing to listen to our mis- and eleven letters commenting thought their function was out- sionaries? on the observances in various side of America? Or was it be- parts of the United States had cause Home missions felt that No longer can the lines, Home been received in the Council ofthese foreign students were none fice by July 31, 1938; an increase of their responsibility? Believ- and Foreign, be so sharply of 176 over 1937. Many of the ing as I do in Foreign missions, letters comment on the spiritual drawn as in the past. It is no response growing out of this I nevertheless am confident that communion, and the fine ediit is more important that every longer the impact of Christian torials in the newspapers on the student that comes to America significance of the world-wide has an opportunity of discover- nations upon non-Christian na- day of prayer. The following excerpt was taken from some of ing the irresistible beauty of tions, because we have been the letters received: Jesus, than it is to send a mis- humbled in the realization that "There were twenty-two present at the meeting including five men. The program sionary back to his country to our own nation is far from was the one sent out by the committee. Mrs. Christian. The future of the – – , wife of the missionary pastor, very tell his people what we failed to missionary enterprise calls for a ably led the devotions and a number of the united mobilization of Christian younger Indian women who read and undertell their own emissary whom forces of all lands against the stand English took part in the program. non-Christian world which sur- Mrs. – – acted as interpreter for those they sent here. Incidentally, rounds all of us in all countries. who understand only the Cree language. This is the supreme reason that . . . One of the outstanding features of they will be more quick to be- the friends of Home missions as the program was the singing of 'What a well as Foreign missions look Friend We Have in Jesus' in three languages. lieve their own. with prayerful expectancy to the • • • Through this World Day of Prayer World Conference of Christians who can tell what racial feelings of distrust The next century must wit- which will assemble at Madras are being broken down, what thoughts of love for other races are being built up, and into ness a closer coordination of our how many Indian American hearts will come total missionary enterprise. The the first spark of the great love of Jesus?" growing Christian community in lands where the Foreign missionaries have been working, such as China, reveals a vitality of spiritual growth that stands shoulder high with any Chris-

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home w. . EDITED BY GRACE MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Some Definite Aims gions of India. They wanted to structed as to be of general in- do two things: to satisfy them- terest. Often special interest Work toward a definite aim selves that the native religions groups may be formed, for from in your meetings. What do you one to six meetings. No atwant to occur in the lives of of India do not really answer tempt is made to force general members of your group through India's religious need, and to see this study? Here are some aims what Christianity as a religious attendance. which certain g r 0 ups have Such things as the following worked toward. faith can give India which the are possible: other religions cannot. 3. A third group set out to Following the general address 1. The missionary supported discover the facts and statistics of a medical missionary, a meet- by the Jackson Street Church of their denomination's work in ing in a home might be planned, was to be in town on a year's India. They wanted to know to which the doctors, dentists, furlough from I n d i a. The where their mission stations nurses, health counselors, Board church decided to take advantage were, and exactly what pieces of Health members, sanitary of it (a) to become thoroughly of work were being carried on; engineers, etc., are invited. Not acquainted with their mission- who are the missionaries and for all, of course, will be interested, ary as a person, interesting her what type of work each is re- but many will respond to an in- in their lives, both pleasures and sponsible; what nationals are vitation to hear something of problems, as well as coming to outstanding and in what ways; health problems and the mission- know her as a person; (b) to what churches are established ary's task in meeting them. In find out all they could about her and how they are operating. such a gathering, technical queswork, experiences, friendships, Through such a study they felt tions can be asked and answered, interests, joys and difficulties on they would gain a foundation for and an angle of medical work re- the mission field; (c) to do some understanding reports, stories vealed which cannot be done in special reading on Indian back- and news of their church at work a public address. Be sure that ground, discussing the books with in India through the coming the host's little daughter is not her to see what her comment on years. allowed to sit in! And make it and interpretation of situations 4. Another group, not par- a purely professional group.

presented in them might be; ticularly interested in missions, Otherwise its purpose will be (d) to have some special occa- was led to a study of outstanding defeated. sions when she would talk not women of India. Through this The ministers of the town only to the group specially inter- the sponsors hoped to awaken a might gather to consider the re- ested but to a larger audience; realization of the meaning of ligions of India and their rela- (e) to arrange times when 'She Christianity to the womanhood tionship to problems of social would meet the children to help of that land. reform such as are troubling all give vitality to a study of India We might cite other instances of us at the moment. If a well- which they would be encouraged of definite aims for study in con- informed speaker can be had to to take while she could visit their nection with India. A decision open the discussion, well and group frequently (she was not to try to attain a certain attitude, good. If not, your denomina- asked to take charge of the amount of knowledge, or point tional board will recommend the study); (f) to have times when of view, helps you to select that most recent and best book to be she would help the young people which is most pertinent from used as a basis for the study.

in their study of India; (g) to among the mass of materials A group of mothers might set culminate the year's study with available for the India Study. out to discover some of the proba three-evening program and ex- Know where you want to go. lems of mothers in India. It is hibit on India which she would Then plan the route which will through such a search that the help them plan and to which take you there most effectively. need of Indian childhood for every group and individual in Interest Groups on India Christian nurture will become the church could contribute. most apparent.

2. A small group decided on Your program for the study A group interested in art a concentrated' study of the reli- of India is probably so con- might consider Indian arts and (494 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

crafts and try to find out some- should be linked up with the delightful favors. Pink crepe thing about the growing expres- study of India, not only for what paper, and a little paraffin are ;,lion of Christian art through it will do for that member, but all that are needed, unless you architecture, for instance. Such because it will make possible a want each to rest on a green a book as Daniel Fleming's "The breadth and variety to your spe- leaf. Consult a Dennison or Heritage of Beauty," gives much cial meetings, exhibits and what party-favor shop for directions worth considering both for In- not, which artificial last-minute for making these, or take a good dia and for other lands, while assignment will never secure. look at a picture of a water lily one chapter in "Craftsmen All" and design your own petals. by Edward Shillito has the fas- India is as wide in its appeal Shape and baste them together cinating story of Bezalel, master- as is humanity. Behind and with thread in the middle, and craftsman of Ceylon who is ex- under and beside our study of then dip the whole flower in parpressing Christian idealism in India's need of Christ, is our affin. They will float in little understanding of India herself. bowls of water if you want to terms of ancient Singalese art. add that touch. Favors for a Luncheon For those to whom biography Atmosphere for a Visiting appeals there is no more inter- Tiny doll-sized clothespins Missionary esting study than that of the make dainty f a v 0 r s when emerging figures of outstanding dressed in Indian saris made of If you are to have a visiting nationals. To become acquainted crepe paper in pastel shades. missionary from India there is with some of these leaders of You will find that with pins and a greal deal you can do to pro- India, both Christian and non- paste it takes but a few moments vide the atmosphere in which Christian, is well worth while. to have a dainty little lady to her message will be most effec- The study books on India this stand at each plate. For those tive. To fail to do so is to hamyear give glimpses of them. Any of you who have not better direc- per her and to lose a great deal woman, or man, for that matter, tions, a sari is draped from one which you cannot later regain. used to preparing a paper on long piece of material, whose any subject, will not find it hard width is the length of the figure Here are some ways in which to search out the references to from waist to floor. Bring it atmosphere has been provided a half dozen interesting leaders around, forming a skirt and then by various groups: and give a somewhat more co- across the chest from under the herent account of one or more right arm, to over the left shoul- A returned missionary from of them than the rest of the der, and thence over the head India was invited to a dinner group will have gained by desul- and down over the right shoul- meeting. She was asked to tory reading. der. It is effect and not exact- bring her costume and her ness which is wanted. curios. She was met at the sta- There will surely be those in- tion and taken to the home of terested in dramatics who will Another much-appreciated fa- one of the members where she want to give a play on India. vor is a tied-and-dyed napkin. might dress in comfort and also These make the table very color- rest for a while before meeting There are plays available, from ful and are characteristic of a the group. She was then driven, the long pageantic presentations well-known Indian craft. To in comfortable time for the to the little dramatizations make them, take a square of meeting, to the church. Others which hardly suggest more than cheap muslin the size of the nap- were arriving. a mood. There are children's kin you want. Do not hem it. plays and young people's plays. Wash the size out of it. Then At the door they were met by Perhaps a group of only two or pick it up by its center and tie a young ladies in the costume of string firmly around the point India. Happy surprise for the three might sponsor a children's thus formed. Dip into dye, such missionary! So they had cared play. Perhaps a group of young as yellow. Then tie again tightly, enough to go to all that trouble! people might adapt a play and every two inches and dip into Right then and there the misproduce it with marionettes. deep blue dye. This will give sionary was able to enact the you a napkin with its center forms of polite greeting which A musically inclined trio white, a field of green and rings would be exchanged between might round up the music from of yellow blending into it. If hostess and guest in India. The India which will be found in you want the center blue, untie ice, if there was any, was broken. various program materials this the first string before dipping into the second dye. Tying in Informal introductions folyear. Real Indian music, accom- several places at once, will pro- lowed in a room decorated with panied by a tom-tom, would en- duce rings around each tie. Ex- maps of India, a lovely picture liven many a program. Some of periment with this, for many of the Taj Mahal, palms and the deeply religious lyrics of the designs can be made. ferns. A few moments of con- Indian church are given in metri- versation followed. cal translation in some of the Tiny lotus-blossoms for each materials issued this year and place and larger ones for the The tables in the dining room could form part of a devotional centerpiece make a very effec- were another surprise. Each or of a special program. tive table; and the tiny ones are one was decorated in some way symbolic of India. The speak- Wherever a member of the er's table was especially set up missionary society has a special interest or hobby, it can and

with little scenes from that land. the meeting in time to meet the put on by various churches here The food was Indian, too. hostess and be in the receiving and there over the country dur- line, which was planned so that ing the past few years. One of Conversation about food and each woman might meet her be- the most successful methods cooking and about taboos re- fore she spoke. seems to be that of a study covgarding eating led to animated ering, rather spasmodically, a conversation about the caste sys- Here again the effort put on period of some six months, cultem and the place of the Indian the occasion gave the members minating in an exhibit and prowoman in the home. The only a glow of pride. The missionary drawback was that the speaker felt inspired to do her best for gram on India which lasts from was not at every table. had they not had enough confi- one to three days. dence in her to make her coming Finally, without other speeches a special occasion for others be- Let us mention some of the or business, the guest was in- side themselves? There was elements which enter into such troduced. With what eagerness present that feeling of fellow- an all-church study. she was able to begin, knowing ship through which both speaker from the very atmosphere with and members could give and re- First, there is the serious which she was surrounded that ceive more. study of India by age-groups. here was a group anxious to This does not mean by the mishave her message and willing to But suppose you do not want sionary groups. It means by give themselves in service for a special occasion with invited age-groups such as the men's the cause of missions. guests. Bible class, the Junior depart- There come moments in every There is always the opportu- ment, the Girl Scouts, etc. The speaker's life when she senses nity to be intelligent on the sub- study is often based on one of a fellowship between herself and j ect of India. Why act as if the interdenominational textthose whom she is addressing. your guest speaker was from books, and covers six or more At such times she is at her best. Timbuctoo? Or from the moon? class sessions. You are responsible for the at- There must be in every group mosphere in which a speaker several women who are used to Second, there is a general plan finds herself. It is well worth meeting strangers and able to for an exhibit which will serve while to consider what will best make them feel welcome and at two purposes: (a) to let each create that feeling of fellowship home. Your missionary speaker group share with the rest some in which she can give you her may be a stranger, but you have of its interesting activities; (b) very best and in which you will much in common, if you stop for to present India to those who be in the most receptive mood. ten minutes to think it out. An have not followed the study in atmosphere of intelligent inter- any age-group. As many indi- But perhaps you are not plan- est can be created very easily by ning an occasion on which such asking a few capable hostesses viduals and classes and organizasurroundings will be practical. to make the informal moments tions as possible are interested after the guest's. arrival pleasant in preparing sections of the ex- Another group felt that their ones for her. She is a friend hibit. The preparation involves, guest speaker merited a larger who has been to a far country of course, considerable study as audience than their own small in which you are interested. She missionary society could provide. has been your long-distance well as mere mechanical prep- Their interest showed itself in messenger to its people. Make aration. In this the interests arranging a tea, to which many her feel at home. Make her feel women outside their regular your interest in her and in what and hobbies of members of the circle were invited. The invita- she has been doing. We don't church will naturally come to tions given were so personal and need to give instructions for that the fore, and assignments are so warm and so interesting that here. Every good hostess knows before the day they were assured how. The trouble often is that wisely made with this in mind. of an attendance almost double when a woman comes to missionthat of their usual meeting. ary meeting, she forgets that she Third, there is a program pre- did not leave her responsibilities pared, often by the same groups They agreed to wear their as a hostess within her own as are preparing the exhibit. prettiest afternoon frocks and home. Remember to exert all to have something a bit unusual the charm you have in making This has on it such things as in the form of refreshments. your speaker feel welcome, for demonstration of hospital clinic, They were careful to plan some this is your church home and map talk, dramatization or play, very necessary business so that you are as truly her hostess here it did not take over a few min- as in any other place. costume demonstration, f 0 I k utes. The program itself was song or dance, music of the Inshort. Most of the time was Lead Your Church to Study dian church, movie showing the left, and rightly so, to the India speaker. work of the mission, lantern Many and successful have slides of the same, short talks on In this case, too, the guest was been the all-church India studies various phases of life in India, met, taken to a home where she an address on the work of the could rest comfortably for a short while and then brought to church in India, etc. Since all age groups may have a share in this, a program of interest to the whole community will result.

Careful study, adequate or- ganization, proper publicity and unbounded enthusiasm are the ingredients for success.

i Ou; ~'=========–==='~

M!~r~?:sp':!~:cu~~?Ok .:It EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~I============~~==~~~~==~========~======= INDIA AND BURMA mind and peace of heart that he soon found, was far from holy.

Voluntary Service craved. He found it, but not in He next joined a Hindu hermit the mela observances, nor in his who had been doing penance for Missionaries find unfailing visits to the temples and to the ten years. Still he lacked some- cheer in watching the growth of holy places. He found what he thing, and journeyed on until he a spirit of service in the lives of craved in the acceptance of met a Christian Indian, accom- native Christians. A recent re- Jesus Christ. Since that time he panied him to his home where port from the Khed-Shivapur has remained in Brindaban and several teachers were praying station of the Poona and Indian in a modest Ashram which he together. Glancing at an open Village Mission, says that one of constructed, he has been tire- book he read: "This have I done the outstanding features of re- lessly and intelligently preach- for thee, what doest thou for cent work has been the volun- ing the Gospel to the people who, me?" Perplexed, he asked a tary service rendered by the like himself, visit the city of teacher what this meant, and Christian community. Sunday Krishna in search of heart satis- the explanation showed him the services have been taken by the faction. book was better than all the men, and prayer meetings by This Christian Ashram has shastras and vedas. Some days the women; weekly instruction a strategic location, since the later he was baptized.

classes have also been main- route to the Hindu temple passes -Life and Faith.

tained by voluntary service. it. On the last annual pilgrim- "One Christian widow visits age in November a stream of Christian Women of the Bible-women regularly to pilgrims, 350 long and 6 feet Travancore hear the Bible read," writes wide passed the Ashram. There Miss Bates, "and there have is thus an opportunity to show Dr. E. Stanley Jones has been many heart-to-heart talks pictures, distribute tracts and made a remarkable statement with her. One day, as they sell Gospels. Sometimes the about the Syrian Christians of Hindu pilgrims snatch the Chris- Travancore, following his recent talked of the Lord's second com- visit there. "They are noted," ing, she said, 'Oh, I do want him tian books and tear them in he says, "for the purity of their to find me faithfully witnessing women. Divorce is practically for him when he comes.' pieces, but the sale of Gospels unknown and unfaithfulness the continues to be very encourag- "Another old woman in one of ing. -Baptist Missionary Re- same. The women are educated the villages said: 'For five years and free, yet restrained. If I view (India). were to put my finger on the now I have been trusting in the Lord Jesus: He is the only Sav- place where I thought the best sex relationships are found in iour. I tell the people that it is Peace Found at Last the world, I think I would have no use worshipping any other gods.''' -Indian Witness. A time-honored custom in In- to say among the Syrian Chris- dia is one where religiously-in- tians of Travancore. There is Persecution Not Ended clined young men attach them- practically 100 per cent literacy selves to a Hindu teacher, or of children of school-going age, The days of persecution of guru, and follow him about and 95 per cent of the education- Christians have not entirely wherever he may go. This cus- al institutions outside of Govpassed. This year, some of the tom proves equally effective in ernment are in the hands of the buildings of the Christian Ash- training Christian converts, and Christians. They comprise oneram at Brindaban were destroy- there are many Christian gurus third of the population of Traved, and the head of the institu- with little groups of followers. ancore, and are the most gotion was told that this was only One such guru has among his ahead people of that land." a beginning; that he and the "disciples" John Ramayya, mem- Ashram are to be run out of this ber of a Hindu high caste fam- city, which is sacred to Krishna. ily, who became restless after he The Missionary's Message It was twelve years ago that saw an injured low~caste man an educated young man came and could not help him because Frances N. Ahl, writing in with the pilgrim multitudes to of caste, however great his sym- The Missionary Herald, says Brindaban, seeking in the kumb pathy. As a result he attached that during her visit to India mela of that date the rest of himself to a Hindu guru who, he last year she asked the same [497 ]

question of all the missionaries mote physical culture; (5) to had been about 760,000 acres, she met: "What is your message train Hindu Pracharakas for and in 1935 this area had dropto America?" Here are some of propaganda; (6) to provide fa- ped to 35,978 acres. India's own the answers: "Hold steady," cilities for those who wish to consumption had also dropped, were the words of the first mis- come into the fold of Hindu So- and there was strict control in sionary questioned, explaining ciety. India of the cultivation, producthat the people of America were tion and distribution of opium." so weary with the depression The mission has 118 centers, and church debts that they were each with a supervisor. It is -Baptist Missionary Requestioning whether to continue maintained by an ample govern- view (India). support of foreign missions. But ment grant. No doubt its agthe people of India, she said, gressive campaign is the result A Significant Anniversary have never been so willing to ac- of the widespread movement cept Christianity as now. among the Depressed Classes to July 13 marked the 125th an- break away from Hinduism. niversary of the arrival of Another emphasized the im- -Baptist Missionary Review. Adoniram and Ann Judson in portance of the Anglo-Indian Rangoon, Burma. They were the work, because anyone who is "The Upper Room" first American missionaries to not a Mohammedan, a Hindu or that land. For six years they Parsee is classed in the census An edition of the "Upper labored without winning a sinas a Christian; and a third mis- Room" has been printed in Ro- gle convert, but today, Northern sionary said that we in America man Urdu, the devotional book Baptists have thirty-two mismust remember that the Indian published by the Methodist sion stations among ten racial people have the same desires Church in Nashville, Tennessee. groups. Two Foreign Mission and shortcomings as people in Societies have ninety American the United States. This e d i t ion is going into missionaries there, and 3,051 native workers. The churches StilI another missionary ex- schools, hospitals, churches and number 1,590 and their total plained how within the last fif- homes of all denominations in membership is 137,323. In 1937 teen or twenty years the social the north, west and central por- there were 4,461 baptisms. religion of Christ has permeated tions of India where Urdu is the There are 816 schools with Hinduism and Mohammedanism. prevalent vernacular. Bishop 39,059 pupils. These young peo- Formerly the members of these B. T. Badley, of Bombay, writes: ple are instructed in the Gospel faiths were selfish. They thought of Christ. Five hospitals and only of the individual, the caste The opportunities for Christian fourteen dispensaries ministered or the family. They had no con- work are greater than ever. The to 44,278 patients last year in cern for the other person. But number of secret believers is increas- the name of Christ. A number today they are thinking beyond ing, and we find no difficulty in sell- of Burman Baptists occupy leadself, beyond family and caste. ing Gospel portions and all kinds of ing positions in their country's They are beginning to realize Christian tracts. Among our Chris- government. that whether Mohammedan or tians the need for devotional books, Hindu they are their brothers' such as the "Upper Room," is widely – Watchman-Examiner. keepers. acknowledged. They have so few books in their own languages that the CHINA Kerala Hindu Mission appearance of one is hailed with de- light. Evangelism Among Refugees Future plans of the Christian churches in Travancore must The devotional quarterly has The opportunities for evantake into account the program already been published in Hin- gelistic work in refugee camps of the Kerala Hindu Mission, dustani, and plans are under are unprecedented. Those who managed by a Board made up way for a Korean edition. organize and visit these camps chiefly of retired government find the people hungry to hear officials. Among the objects of – World Outlook. the Gospel; they crowd around the mission are: (1) to encour- the speaker and listen with a age the study of different faiths Opium Reduction new understanding in their with a view to promote religious faces. All other problems fade toleration: (2) to establish Dnyanodaya reports that In- into the background, as the mis- Hindu Young Men's Associa- dian exports of opium to coun- sionary concentrates on just the tions and to encourage the study tries in the Far East has entire- question of presenting the Chrisof Sanskrit, Hindi, Malayalam ly ceased, following the Govern- tian message. It is touching to and Tamil; (3) to elevate the ment's ten-year plan, introduced hear the heartfelt expressions of backward classes and to estab- in 1925, of progressively reduc- gratitude to God for deliverlish schools, prayer houses, col- ing such export. This paper ance, and more impressive stilI onies, dispensaries, etc., for the adds that experts on the opium are their prayers for their Japapurpose; (4) to teach and prac- question repeatedly assert that nese enemies. tice rules of hygiene, combat the opium policy of India's govepidemic diseases, and to pro- ernment is a model for the The English Bulletin for the world. National Committee for Chris- tian Religious Education in In explaining this policy to the 1937 Assembly of the League of Nations, Pandit Narain of India said: "In 1905 the area under poppy cultivation in India

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

China says that the Religious was the greatest academic event distant tropical Chinese village, Education Fellowship is proving ever witnessed in China; it was the missionary found a Chinese very helpful to both the Chinese distinctly international in char- translation of "The Principles and the missionaries. One of the acter, since American, British of Jesus," by Robert E. Speer, workers who lost everything, and Chinese interests are repre- engrossing the woman's entire and with his wife and seven sented in these institutions. attention! small sons walked 500 miles to a place of refuge, wrote to Dr. The principal address was by The Fruits of the Spirit Miao: Dr. W. W. Yen, who appealed for optimism, pointing out that An inqUIrmg reporter in Everlasting spiritual values have China, long weakened by lack of Chengtu sees evidence in the come to us. Our hearts are full of unity, is now being welded in- following incident that the seed praise and thankfulness. Please keep to a strong nation. He urged the of the Gospel is taking root. The the religious education materials com- young graduates to make the government of Chengtu decided ing to me, for while I have lost all of consecration and sacrifice which to get all the beggar children off mme in Nanking I mean to continue their special privilege calls for. the street, so they gathered the work wherever I am. them up, several hundred boys A special fund of $300,000 and not so many girls, put them -The Presbyterian. has been raised to tide thirteen in two temples on opposite sides American-supported colleges in of the city, and gave them a Looking Into the Future China over' the present crisis. mere pittance on which to exist. Not one has completely closed The temple where the boys were Ten selected leaders of the down, and by continuing have was near a mission hospital. va rio us denominations have fulfilled a duty not only to Chi- One of the Chinese nurses heard been visiting China, making a nese youth, but to the future of about them, went to see, and survey of conditions there, pre- Christianity in China. came away determined to do liminary to the forming of some something. policy for missionary work in Madame Chiang Aids the future. Even now the prob- Orphanage She enlisted the help of other lem of relationships between nurses, went there regularly to Japanese Christian bodies. in Mr. and Mrs. Herman N. give medicine and treatment, Japan, Japanese Christians in Becker, in charge of a famine begged clothes for them, taught China, Chinese Christians and orphanage at Chihkiang, Hu- them to clean up, persuaded foreign missionaries in China is nan, send a copy of a letter from friends to organize c I ass e s a baffling one. Pressures are Madame Chiang Kai-Shek, writ- among them, and throughout the more and more pronounced, and ten after she had read Mr. Beck- months has given herself sacri- Christian institutions are envel- er's booklet entitled: "What God ficially to those boys. All of this oped in questions of adjustment, Hath Wrought." She expressed was without prompting from with a good deal of tension and her appreciation of the work be- missionaries. strain. Increasingly pressed up- ing done by missionaries, and the on the churches is the whole stand they have taken during -Christian Advocate. question of Shinto in relation to China's trial by fire. With her the Christian faith, and its com- letter she enclosed her personal Japan and Relief Funds panion problem of support of check for $1,000, to be used in the shrines. A creedal statement any way that Mr. Becker Reports have been circulated is in preparation by a committee thought best. She offered to to the effect that the Japanese of the different denominations. send a further sum to care for military leaders in China have additional orphans which were been using American relief -The Christian Century. being gathered together, saying funds for their own advantage, that she felt sure that these chil- and that they have obstructed Union Commencement dren would have, in this orphan- the work of the relief adminis- Program age, the very best training for trators. A Bulletin of the useful citizenship. Church Committee for China War is not usually considered Relief corrects this impression an ally of educational progress, The Uttermost Parts of China by giving the names of those but because of the present con- who allocate these funds, includflict China took a step toward Off the southern coast of Chi- ing Dr. John E. Baker, Director the long desired union of Chris- na visited by few tourists, and of the Shanghai International tian colleges and universities remote from the main stream of Red Cross, and the American when seven such institutions Chinese life, is the great island Advisory Committee, composed held a joint commencement in of Hainan. On the south shore of businessmen and mission- Shanghai last June. Some 280 of the island, a missionary fol- aries. Not much can be "put men and women received their lowed a local guide through a over" a group like this, men who degrees from Nanking Univer- maze of paths to a little village have had long experience in sity, Ginling College, St. John's where a Christian woman lived. dealing with both Chinese and University, Hangchow College, She was not expecting visitors Japanese, with both national University of Shanghai, Wom- and was absorbed in reading as and provincial governments, an's Christian Medical College they approached. There, in that with civil and military leaders. and Soochow University. This

There have been attempts to Christian life and service alone can by the Christian Advocate as a use relief funds for political pur- furnish the motive and dynamic neces- Japanese bid for the favor of poses. For example, in occupied sary for genuine social betterment. the 10,000,000 Mohammedans of territory where the officials are China. The dignitaries who at- Japanese or Japanese sympa- Rural reconstruction must wait for tended the opening ceremonies, thizers, there have been at- the coming of trained leaders. The personal representatives of the tempts to restrict the distribu- most significant contribution the Premier and various other offition of relief to those who pledge Christian Church can make toward cials seemed to give the event support to the new regime, but the betterment of rural life is to train political signifiance. There are these attempts have been suc- Christian leaders. said to be 1,000 Mohammedans cessfully resisted. in Japan. The complicated conditions of urban New Roads Mean New life increasingly call for cooperative In West China, the proportion Opportunities relations between Christian Churches, of Mohammedans in the popula- and with the constructive forces in tion varies from twenty-five per Rev. J. C. Jensen, Baptist the communities to which they strive cent in Shensi to ninety per cent missionary of Suifu, says that to minister. in Sinkiang and Kokonor. Furthe opening of new roads into thermore the roads over which ~ndo-China has changed the The success of the cooperative war materials and supplies have whole missionary situation in movement also waits for men and been passing from the Soviet much of that area. Fine new women who will give them unselfish Union to the forces of Generalisroads have been built and car- Christian leadership. simo Chiang Kai-shek traverse riers are traversing them by the these provinces. If Japan could thousands to bring in goods that -Presbyterian Tribune. succeed in establishing pro-Japformerly came up the Yangtze anese administrations, tied to River; and to take out local "Pillar of Cloud ~oundation" Tokyo by the bonds of religion, produce that has had no outlet China would be cut off from since the war began. These new Dr. Kagawa's numerous activ- Russia. The puppet government roads offer greater facilities for ities have been incorporated as at Peiping has made a friendly covering the work. "The Pillar of Cloud Founda- gesture toward Mohammendan- tion," the purpose of which is to ism by including white-symbol A remarkable phenomenon is provide an endowment of about of Islam-among the five colors taking place in China in that the $150,000 to relieve the leader of of its flag. leadership element in the oc- some of his literary work and cupied areas, together with mil- place the support of some 200 Farmers' Gospel School lions of refugees, have gone in- workers and their projects on a land as the Chinese army with- permanent basis. There are now Christian groups in rural draws. Thus, a new China is about a dozen centers of work. Japan, during the slack winter being built far inland. It is hoped to increase the en- period, organized "Farmers' dowment of the Fund by gifts Gospel Schools," where young -Watchman-Examiner. in honor of the 30th anniversary men spent several days in inten- of the beginning of Kagawa's sive study and conference on JAPAN-OHOSEN work in Kobe in 1909. Dr. Ka- farming methods, rural recon- gawa is continuing to write, struction and Bible study. A Ohristian Social Work preach and promote various co- young missionary and his Jap- operative projects, in spite of ill anese associates who conducted It is unquestioned that Chris- health. the first of such schools have retian missions were the pioneers -Japan Christian Quarterly. ceived many letters of appreciaof social welfare work, for most tion from the young men who of the early projects were Independent Ohurches were thus helped. One wrote: launched by the Christians. Of "Before the conference I thought the 4,000 welfare institutions There are said to be about six- of nothing but to get away from conducted under private or re- ty Christian churches in Japan the deadly monotony of country ligious auspices in Japan today, independent of any mission or life and get into a city. It is approximately 275 are run by denomination. Under the lead- impossible to say how valuable Christian organizations. ership of Mr. K. Takemoto and these three days were to me. I Mr. H. Shirato, 22 of them have was taught true rural recon- Last June, the National Chris- decided to unite on the basis of struction, and the principles of tian Council's Commission of So- loyalty to the Imperial Family, Jesus Christ." cial Welfare convened in Tokyo, respect for the national constiand centered its study around tution and laws, political and -Monday Morning. the problem of social betterment, economic independence from forpresent and future. Some of the eign missions in the propagation Japan's Opium Monopoly questions that received emphasis of the Gospel, and unity in were: Christ with mutual respect for Skepticism has been expressed each other's faith and non-inter- concerning Muriel Lester's re- Christianity must more and more ference in dogma and organiza- port on Japan's systematic cultiaggressi.vell g~r into every :phase of tion. the natIOn s hfe and as a spiritual -Japan Christian Quarterly. dynamic fulfill its social mission. Tokyo's Moslem Mosque Redemptive love incarnated in The opening of a Moslem mosque in Tokyo is interpreted

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

vation of the narcotic trade in Dr. Jaffray, a missionary of was able to change the whole connection with their war of the Christian and Missionary situation, and in less than ten conquest. Alliance, is not allowed to pub- years after the death of Wil- lish his pictures of these newly liams the entire Bible had been According to the Japan Chronicle, discovered regions. translated. During the past hun- British-owned, of Kobe, a recent dred years there has been no Manchukuo government report put New Guinea Plane Service retrogression. Cannibalism and out by the foreign office at Hsinking idolatry have long since disapshows that the annual sales of opium An interesting development in peared; churches are to be by the government monopoly have missionary enterprise is seen in found in all the villages of the mounted in this fashion since the the establishment at Finschafen, Cook Islands, arid practically all monopoly was established in 1932: New Guinea, headquarters of the the evangelistic enterprise is in Lutheran Mission, of an air- the hands of native pastors who 1933. . . . . . . . .. 5,511,033 yen plane, which is to be used in are remarkable for their devo- 1934 ………. 14,372,726 " maintaining communication be- tion and trustworthiness. 1935 ………. 28,230,347 " tween the different Lutheran 1936 ………. 38,667,556 " stations. The plane, which is in The high standard of Chris- 1937 ………. 47,850,000 " charge of Pilot Garms and Me- tian living of these islanders chanic Paul Rabe, has already might well be an example to the Bootleg sales, admitted in the made a number of flights be- rest of the world. They rise earpamphlet as going on, are not tween Finschafen and Lae. ly for a devotional period. Three included in this report. It is times a week they meet at dawn stated that profits are to be de- -Pacific Islands Monthly. for worship. On the Sabbath voted to the care of addicts, there are five services, all of though medical care is not as yet The Radio Helps Missions which are well attended. Among provided, and plans for hospital the male membership there is construction are merely in the Wireless sending and receiv- an unwritten condition that they blue print stage. ing sets have saved much ex- shall be willing to conduct a pense in carrying on the work in service and preach whenever ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Papua and North Australia, and called upon to do so. have given the people a sense of The Gospel for New Guinea fellowship with the rest of the One of the most serious prob- world. In time of crisis, it is a lems now is that of helping these Rev. R. A. Jaffray is planning comfortable feeling to know that Christians adjust themselves to to open new work in Dutch New help can be had. Rev. J. R. An- changed conditions. No longer Guinea. The Evangelical Chris- drew writes in the Australia isolated, they are introduced to tian gives the location of these Missionary Review: the vices of civilization, as well new fields: as its benefits. As one means of The Bi-Centenary Convention we combating evil influences, a 1. The Amaroe Lake district, had purposed holding in Salamo, had Boys' Brigade was formed in northern New Guinea, a region to be cancelled on account of an epi- 1935; its membership has 'now known by the Dutch as "Bird's demic of whooping-cough there, and reached 300. Refresher courses Head," the lake forming the eye the danger of sending the infection at the Pastors' Institute last of the bird. A garrison of 100 out in all directions. Dysentery has year resulted in a campaign native soldiers and three Dutch also appeared at many places in other which brought 250 new conofficers with their wives are now parts of the Territory, and some verts. Since the population stationed there. The Papuan deaths have occurred. The Govern- numbers about 5,000, many of population around the lake is ment Medical Officer at Samarai, Dr. them already Christian, this estimated at 5,000, and in the Hopkins, broadcast a talk on treat- represents a significant advance. whole district are various tribes ment and prevention, which I was numbering from 15,000 to 20,- able to take down, and Mr. Dixon -The Christian. 000. Already, 1,000 coolies have translated and printed it. Radio has been employed by joint com- been much used for advice and treat- New Church in Fiji panies to drill for oil-a parish ment in this epidemic, and natives in itself. are cooperating in measures against Here is the way a new church the spread of the disease. is dedicated in the Fijis. At 2. The Island of Misool, south- Lovoni, where the past sixty west of northern New Guinea. Cannibals Become Evangelists years have wrought almost un- This has an estimated popula- believable change among the tion of 3,000; two-thirds pagan There could be no greater tes- wild, warrior cannibals, a new and the rest nominal Moslems. timony to the power of the Gos- church was opened this year. Dr. Jaffray thinks this is the pel than a race of cannibals, un- The same old drum that called devil's own island. der its transforming influence, the forefathers to cannibal or- becoming evangelists. Such has gies sounded a call to prayer and 3. The Wissel Lakes district, been the case in the Cook Is- thankfulness. First there was a newly discovered, along the lands. It is 100 years since John feast-a whole bullock, several southwest coast of New Guinea, Williams, commissioned by the pigs, fowls, piles of bread, yams, with a population of some 20,000 London Missionary Society, met etc., were presented, and the old friendly Papuans. They are a death on Erromanga at the primitive people, still living in hands of cannibal savages. But the Stone Age, uncivilized but a Tahitian whom he had trained by no means stupid.

white-haired native preacher of parents make written request, In the same year, congrega- kneeling on the grass gave and if someone not employed by tional expenses increased 18 per thanks to God for the wonders the government does the teach- cent; this points to more stewdone. At the door of the church, ing. ardship and cooperation in pro- built by boys trained in the mis- Undoubtedly, the most impor- moting Christian advance, since sion school, voices were lifted in tant achievement American oc- expenditures provide the facilisong and entrance made in the cupation of the Philippines has ties for such advance. Evidence name of the Father, Son and to its credit is the establishment of more stewardship is seen in Holy Spirit. A mighty volume of a system of free education an 11 per cent increase in benevof song then arose from the 300 and religious liberty. Now that olence contributions. outside; then came the collec- American control is in process tions which began at 9: 30 p. m. of being lifted, both these blessand lasted until 4 a. m. The Religion and Economics chief, standing in front of the ings are endangered. The fact pUlpit held an enamel dish and that only a presidential veto pre- Three years ago the magazine called the name of a village. The vented the placing of a priest in Fortune announced its first quarpeople of that village then every Philippine school fore- terly Survey of public opinion, casts an early renewal of the marched up one by one and de- struggle. and a confirmation of its find- ings has given it a measure of posited a penny in the dish, -Christian Century. authority. Recently, it has been sampling opinion in the United while the choir sang lustily. States as to what the world most This march up the aisle is NORTH AMERIOA needs today – more religion or keenly enjoyed, shillings being Marks of Progress greater economic security, and changed into pennies beforehand in order to lengthen the cere- Today, when the Church of gives the result in the August mony. The last hymns of praise Christ is being put to one of the number. were sung just as the sun rose most crucial tests in its history, The forces of religion, both over the mountain. the Lutheran Council points out Christian and embattled Jewish, -Missionary Review two notable features of the 1937 have apparently been drawn (Australia) . statistics which furnish cause more closely together recently for encouragement. They are than they have been in many Religious Liberty in the the increase in the number of years, in defense of freedom of Philippines communicant members and the conscience and in presenting a Although President Quezon increase in general expenditures, spiritual front to the economic including benevolences. While and Vice-President Osmena are it is difficult to measure progress and political world crisis. It is members of the Catholic Church, by figures alone, statistics may both look with strong disfavor at least indicate the possibilities. noted also that baccalaureate adon the determined efforts of the Roman hierarchy to regain con- From 1936 to 1937, communi- dresses last June gave more than trol of the government of the' cant members in the Lutheran Philippines. A bill recently Churches of America increased usual stress to the world's need passed by the assembly provid- five per cent. The number of for a more religious view of our present problems. Here is the way the answers stack up in the questionnaire: ing for compulsory religious in- 20 to Over struction in all public schools Men Women 40 Years 40 was seen as a preliminary move Total to restore Roman Catholic domi- 51.00/0 35.2% 46.9% 39.3% Greater economic security for 28.8 44.3 31.9 41.1 the people of all nations 43.1 % More religion …………. 36.5 nation of the state. It was op- Combination of economic se- 4.1 posed by the vice-president and by a former assistant director of curity and religion …… 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.7 education, as well as by Protestant groups, all of whom at- Other* ………………. 5.3 5.9 4.6 5.3 5.3 Don't know. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11.6 11.3 11.8 12.5 10.6 * "Other" includes "peace,''' "education," "honesty," "better government and leaders," etc.

tacked it as undemocratic, un- congregations decreased slightly, Church officers and women constitutional and unpatriotic; but the pastors increased by 159, cleave to religion, as do farmers, but for the veto of President Quezon the bill would have be- which may indicate less duplica- the people of the Southeast and come law. He based his veto on tion and greater efficiency. The the Negroes. Compare the anhis belief that the law would be unconstitutional. number of church schools in- swers by religious affiliation: Optional religious instruction All ROm4n Jewish None in the Philippine public schools Protestants Catholics is now provided for by the con- 69.6% 51.4% More economic security 39.4% 48.3% lOA 23.5 32.6 20.0 25.1 More religion ……………. 40.8 19.1 Other answers and don't know 19.8 stitution. The present law directs that public school rooms creased seven per cent, although It should be noted that in the may be used for religious in- proportionate increase of teach- great cities economic insecurity is more obvious and terrifying struction if a sufficient number ers and pupils was smaller.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

than in the country; and that law was defeated; in Indiana a ing its activities with such effi- the Jews who are being so ruth- bill to open the saloons on Sun- ciency that it is confidently ex- lessly despoiled of their posses- day was killed by a vote of three pected that the number of cities sions and means of livelihood, to one; and in several other which will observe the day this look to religion even less than states attempts to bring in com- fall will exceed 1,317, the num- those who acknowledge no mercialized sports and amuse- ber participating last year.

church connection. ments and other business were frustrated. The Lord's Day Al- Women and Religion Work Among Students liance has been largely instru- Speaking of surveys, here is mental in getting these results. another. The Ladies Home Jour- One of the recommendations nal has been trying to find out made at Montreat in July by the – Watchman-Examiner.

Southern Presbyterian Educa- Stewar~ship Convention what women think on a variety tional Association was that in of subjects, and in June the sub- every Synod a Presbyterian Stu- The National Committee for ject of inquiry was religion. In dents' Association be organized. Religion and Welfare Recovery the matter of belief in the exist- It would be composed of all announces a national Steward- ence of God and immortality, Presbyterian students in all ship Convention to be held in 91 per cent gave an affirmative recognized institutions of higher Chicago, November 1-3, as a answer. As to prayer, 95 per learning within the bounds of part of a national movement in cent of the Protestant and 96 the Synod. The purposes of this the interests of all religious, per cent of the Catholic women organization are set forth in de- educational, medical, scientific, affirmed their belief in it; while tail as follows: character-building and welfare among non-church women the To lead students to know and follow institutions. percentage was 78. As to church Jesus Christ as their personal Saviour The secretary of the National membership, 76 per cent were and Lord. Committee gives two maj or ob- members of some church, but To keep them in vital touch with jectives of the cooperative edu- only 47 per cent were regular the life, worship and service of the cational program: First, a call attendants at public worship. local (college) church, and through it to worship, having as an ideal: Interest in religion seemed to be with the whole Church. To train them in Christian work "every citizen in a house of wor- at its lowest ebb on the Pacific and cooperative service to their own Coast, with the Mid-West a close ship every week"; and second, second. In the South, devotion generation. to organized religion is highest. To help the students make a larger every citizen a steward of life and money for the welfare of contribution to the Christian atmos- phere and life of the college, the mankind. church and the community. -Christian Advocate. All Black To keep them informed as to the entire program of the Church. Men and Missions Sunday No jail and no major crime III To hold intercollegiate conferences 13 years in a town of 8,000 is This year's observance of Men front-page news. This is the within the bounds of the Synod to be- and Missions Sunday, November record of the self-governed allcome better acquainted with each 13, promises to receive more Negro town of Mound Bayou, other and develop the bonds of Chris- wide-spread attention than in Miss., and a writer in the Southtian unity; to consider and act upon any year since the day was in- ern Workman reports an intercommon problems, and strengthen and stituted in 1931. It is now spon- view with Ben Green, Mayor, encourage one another in Christian sored by Dr. Arthur H. Comp- who explains the modus operfaith and in work for Christ and His ton, noted physicist; Francis B. andi. Says Mayor Green: Church in the colleges. Sayre, assistant Secretary of State; Charles P. Taft of Cincin- We try to find out what is behind A second recommendation nati and other well-known lay- any piece of wrong-doing. We have made by the Educational Asso- men. The theme for this year is discovered that certain families exciation was that each Synod ap- "Building a Christian World ploit their children in the cotton-pickpoint a Committee on Student Community." ing season. If a father takes all his Work. This committee would be boy's earnings away from him, one of charged with the promotion and "Nations are caught between two things is likely to happen. Either direction of Presbyterian stu- two profoundly conflicting ways that boy will begin to steal to get dent work among all the institu- of life," says Mr. ~ayre; "on the spending money, or he will run away tions of higher learning in and one hand, the primal law of from home. We're stopping that. of the Synod. tooth and fang and on the other, the way of cooperation and mor- But the most important fact is that -Christian Observer. the Negro is living in complete self- respect-a normal life. Fundamental Preserving the Sabbath human impulses, helpfulness, coopera- In the 43 state legislatures in al restraint and human brother- tion, good will and the desire to live at peace with their neighbors find opsession in 1937, proposed laws hood. It is high time that fol- portunity for expression. adverse to preserving the Sab- lowers of Christ awake to hubath were defeated more than manity's need, and go valiantly Mound Bayou was founded twenty times. In New York forth to win the world for fifty years ago by a remarkable Negro, Isaiah T. Montgomery, State five such bills went down Christ." to defeat; in Iowa a bill to Dr. Compton, General Chair- who had been a body servant to amend broadly the State Sunday man of the movement, is direct- Jefferson Davis, who had a keen

understanding of the Negro. To- Mexico; Presbyterian, Meth- he might ride into the city with me. day the community covers 30,000 odist, Disciples, Baptist, Con- I gladly assented and as we drove acres, farmed to cotton and corn. gregation and so forth, entirely along he turned to me and said: A larger proportion of these independent of their respective "Senor, I want to tell you that for two people own their own land and churches in the United States. years I have longed and longed to hear there are fewer mortgages than They are carrying on an exten- the message which you gave us today. in the average community of sive program covering the ordi- Two years ago on the highway you mixed whites and Negroes in the nary activities of the church. gave me a Gospel portion, and I read South. The town has a $115,000 But there are a great number of it with deep interest and desired to consolidated school, with 800 "extraordinary" activities en- know more, but you did not return. pupils, 15 teachers and a Tus- gaged in by Christian forces of Day after day I looked for you, and kegee graduate as principal. Mexico, supplementing the reg- then we were withdrawn from the ular work of the church and highway and transferred to another One Way of Widening the meeting the needs of the present state. Later I was changed to this Horizon situation. regiment and we came to the district, and now at last, I have heard the mes- At the Third National Rural Mr. Reifsnyder lists a number sage!" … About six weeks ago, I Home Conference in Manhattan, of things the visitor to Mexico made a trip to Laredo, visiting all the Kansas, Mrs. Charles Schuttler might see: an increasing num- camps on the international highway. said in an address: ber of religious discussion I found the soldiers eager to have the groups among students; and the literature. On the return trip we A few weeks ago, I had occasion to distribution of Christian tracts spoke to all the camps and had the joy stop at a cabin in our Ozark hills, among students; weekly revival of seeing 49 men accept Christ. So in a community where living con- services in the national peniten- anxious were the men to buy New ditions were definitely primitive. I tiary in Mexico City; cradle roll Testaments and Bibles that our supply entered into conversation with an old classes in the Sunday schools; was exhausted when we were only woman in the home, and quite by evangelistic meetings three or about two-thirds of the way home. chance mentioned the situation in four times a week; Bible Insti- China. There followed one of the tutes and Conferences on Sun- In five years we have seen almost most amazing half-hours of my life. day school methods, young peo- forty regiments reached with the This little old woman, miles away ple's and lay workers' confer- Word of God, hundreds of soldiers from a town, evidently having had ences. turned to Christ and more than 2,000 only very little education, knew more Testaments and Bibles placed in the about China-its geography, its gov- Or perhaps the visitor might hands of these men. ernment, factors influencing its eco- sit in at a meeting of a young nomic conditions, its relationships people's club, run in connection Oonditions in Haiti with our own country, etc., than any with one of the churches, or be other person with whom I have had invited to attend a young peo- A British missionary staoccasion to discuss the subject. ple's Christian camp. If he is tioned in Jamaica gives a brief willing to go into the slums he survey of the religious situation How did it happen that her horizon might see the Mexican version in Haiti, the French-speaking had been widened to include a country of the Salvation Army; and al- Negro republic in the West Inbeyond the seas, of which the average most anywhere, if he is observ- dies. Until recently it has largecitizen knows but little? The answer ant and knows Spanish, he ly been bound by demon-woris that our missionary societies last might hear a Christian explain- ship, but now, says this missionyear made a special study of China ing the Gospel to his companion ary, a wave of evangelism is missions; she became interested and -on a bus, a sidewalk, in a shop sweeping the land, and there is through papers and books and the or in a school patio. Then, when a definite trend toward Protesradio-the one modern touch in her he has visited a mission hospital, tantism. Day after day two mountain cabin-she had pursued the he might accompany a district missionaries from Jamaica held subject for months. Weare not ac- nurse on her circuit of rural meetings as they journeyed customed to thinking of missionary areas, or go with a Christian through the country from north societies as important factors in wid- doctor to the mountains. to south. Mornings and afterening horizons, but as you see, they noons were devoted to talks to may well be. Evangelizing Mexico's Christians, and in the evenings Soldiers great crowds, even up to 2,000 LATIN AMERIOA in some places, gathered to hear Soldiers are usually consid- the Gospel. The great need is The Ohallenge of Mexico ered callous and indifferent, but for workers to teach the con- Captain Norman W. Taylor who verts, and send them out to wit- Rev. Bancroft Reifsnyder, is working among the Mexican ness among the masses. who has had opportunity to ob- soldiers has proof to challenge serve conditions in Mexico, says this belief. In the Moody Month- -Life of Faith. that many Americans remark: ly he writes: "Well, you really can't do any Mapuche Indians in Ohile religious work in Mexico today, The day before yesterday I was can you?" His reply is that speaking to a group of soldiers and, Mr. William M. Strong, of the while there are indeed restric- at the close, nine of them accepted Soldiers' Gospel Mission in tions, there was never greater Christ. One of these men asked if South America, tells of the Gosopportuni,ty for Christian serv- pel's influence upon the Maice in Mexico than there is to- puches, who once occupied all of day, and the Church is meeting southern Chile and part of Arthe need. There are a number of gentina. They have been so destrong national churches in pleted by wars, drunkenness and

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

disease that they can now all Christian Association. A writer In order to obey its divine live within a sixty-mile radius. in The Christian tells an inter- vocation, it preaches to this sin- Most of them live in extreme esting story of postal evangel- ful world the Gospel of repent- poverty in most primitive fash- ism among the farmers of Eng- ance and of forgiveness, of the ion, though within a stone's land. It began nearly four years new birth of holiness and of the throw of modern farms and up- ago when Rev. J. C. Williams of eternal life.

to-date cities. Alcohol is still a the Free Church, who earned his -The Presbyterian. great cause of their troubles. first money weeding turnips on French Bible Mission For forty years, the South a farm, was storm bound at a American Missionary Society of farmhouse in Kent. While wait- The French Bible Mission re- England has been at work ing for the rain to cease he cently made a special effort to among them, with boarding found that the farmer was reach the 70,000 inhabitants of schools, and out-stations reg- ignorant of God's plan of re- Colombes. Two hundred posters ularly visited from a main cen- demption. Upon reaching home were displayed, and 13,000 ter. One is tempted to wonder Mr. Williams wrote the farmer handbills were distributed by whether any results are possible explaining the Way of Life and members of the Mission, workamong people in such a hopeless in reply the farmer asked that ing in pairs. At the meetings plight, repeated incidents show the same message be sent to a about 25 persons decided for what dynamite there is in the neighbor. The idea of postal Christ, and 150 New Testastory of Christ on the Cross. On evangelism among farmers was ments, supplied by the Scripture trips about the country, more born; a list of farmers was com- Gift Mission, were given to perand more districts have been piled, and to each letters were sons who had never seen a copy found hungry for the Gospel sent. A printed folder, the before. and more calls for meetings are Plough and Sickle, is now disreceived than the workers can tributed at 13,000 farm homes At Rue de Sevres, near Paris, fill. Once their suspicions are as often as funds permit. A where the Mission is responsible allayed, the Mapuches are found movement, to be known as the for a small church, four special to be a lovable people, with "Fellowship of Christian Farm- meetings were held recently. many noble traits. ers," is about to be formed so Eight persons decided for that the work may have a back- Christ, and fifty New Testa- The Indians of Peru ground of praying men and ments were given away. No col- women. lections were taken at any of the In Peru, the setting up of a meetings, all the expenses being Bureau of Indian Affairs indi- Another Reformation in covered by gifts of the members. cates a change of attitude on the France part of the Government toward Bible Reading Revived in the problem of the Indians, who The Reformed Church of Spain comprise about half the popula- France has experienced another tion. Missions among them have reformation. It has recently Visitors to the Barcelona been most encouraging both in affirmed the perpetuity of the Book Fair last June saw the the mining regions in the cen- Christian faith through its suc- Bible on display and special atter, and in the agricultural parts cessive expressions, in the Apos- tention drawn to it as "the first to the south. Bi-lingual Indians tolic Creed and the confessions essential book for your library." have been the principal evan- of faith of the Reformation During the Fair in 1937, 205 gelists. One missionary reports period, notably the confession of Bibles, 65 Testaments and nearthat in five years, ten churches, La Rochelle. It finds its source ly 200 separate books were sold with a membership of over 500, in the central revelation of the in three days. The promise that came into existence in spite of Gospels: "God so loved the Bible distribution would not be world that He gave His only be- hindered during the civil war opposition from the Whites. For some years the 2,000 gotten Son, that whosoever has been kept. Twenty thousand Mennonites, occupying a colony should believe in him should not copies of the Gospels have been in the Chaco, Paraguay, have perish, but have everlasting distributed in Castile and 10,000 interested themselves in the life." With its saints and mar- in Catalonia, still Loyalist spiritual welfare of their Indian tyrs, with all the churches born strongholds. The British and neighbors, and have a deep con- of the Reformation, it affirms Foreign Bible Society gives cern for evangelizing them. The the sovereign authority of Holy three reasons for the increased general atmosphere is favorable Scripture as the inner witness interest shown in buying and of the Holy Spirit who founded reading the Bible in Loyalist to the spread of the Gospel. -Missionary Educator. it, and recognizes in it the rule Spain: the government's toler- of faith and of life. It proclaims ance of all religious work that is in the face of the fall of man, not soiled by connection with EUROPE salvation by grace, by means of politics, the fact that such lib- faith in Jesus Christ, the only erty is practically new, and the Postal Evangelism Among Son of God, who was betrayed spread of education among the Farmers The March Review contained for our sins and who rose from masses. -The Christian Advocate. an article about the Post Office the dead for our justification.

Nazi's Revised Bible ficial lives of the missionaries, still has 30,000 churches, called P r inc e Oscar Bernadotte, for stronger anti-religious prop- In Germany, the extreme younger brother of King Gustav aganda, saying: "We must re- "Leftists," led by the late Gen- V of Sweden, decided to devote member that religion is an ineral Ludendorff, would like to his life to soul-winning. His strument of opposition . . . The scrap everything Christian and wife is a consecrated Christian, Cross, the Bible and the Koran substitute Teutonic paganism. and since she is not of royal are serving as a mask for spies Extreme "Rightists"-Evangel- family, the prince and his de- and terrorists." Presiding at ical Lutherans-hold to the scendants are not in line for the a Moscow conference of the Protestant faith of the Reforma- throne. His children, all counts League of Militant Godless, Emtion. The center group, repre- and countesses, have followed ilian Yaroslavsky charged that sented by former Reichsbishop in the steps of their parents in in recent elections "enemies of Muller and his colleagues, have Christian service. Forty years the people tried to influence written their own version of the ago, the prince and his wife superstitious, religious elements New Testament, and a group of visited the Keswick Convention with a whispering campaign. Friends in Europe have issued a in England, and he has intro- Wherever there are churches," pamphlet with parts of the Nazi duced in Sweden similar meet- he added, "there are Christian version printed in parallel col- ings for the deepening of spirit- believers." umns with the King James ver- ual life. sion. All idea of sin, except as AFRICA it may interfere with Nazi ideas, Sunday Schools in Finland has been removed from the new Ban on Christian Propaganda Germans' thinking. Grace has In Finland the centennial of been omitted entirely; everlast- the establishment of the Sunday Such is the heading of an aring life is changed to "real" life. school was observed in 1932, but ticle in an English daily pub- There is no longer any "Heav- since that time it has been lished in Cairo on June 25. It is en." The "Golden Rule" has learned from some old congrega- a call to prayer that a proposed been rewritten so that it applies tional records that the Sunday bill, depriving children of a only between Nazis. Galilee is school in F'inland was first knowledge of Christ as Saviour, claimed to have been inhabited, started in 1700, three-quarters may not become law. The folat the time of Christ, by Aryans of a century before Robert lowing is a translation of the who were violently anti-Jewish. Raikes organized the movement bill: It seems strange that such a per- in England. Today there are version of the Bible should occur 25,000 Sunday school teachers Article 1. Missionary propaganda in Germany, the home of Luther in Finland who attend a teach- to youths of both sexes under the age and the Reformation, where the ers' training school for a week of sixteen, aiming at their conversion Scriptures were proclaimed as or ten days each year, and in by preaching, inducement,' by making of supreme authority. Sweden 375,000 of a possible comparisons between two faiths or by 727,000 children regularly at- allowing them to join in prayers or -The Living Church. tend the ~unday schools. It take part in religious ceremonies other must be remembered that in ad- than those of their own creed or that German Missions Hampered dition to this training they reg- of their parents, or by the employ- ularly receive religious instruc- ment of any other means intended for Since the War, Germany's tion in the public schools. In their conversion, is forbidden. foreign missions have suffered Norway there are 2,789 Sunrestriction, both in personnel day schools, 183,022 pupils, and Article 2. Any infringement of this and finances, but some progress 11,315 teachers; and although law is punishable by imprisonment for had been made. New difficulties attendance at the public schools one year or a nne of L.E. 100. have now arisen. In the Sunday has decreased by 15,000 during School Times we read: the past decade, Sunday school Article 3. In the event of a second attendance has increased by offence, the term of imprisonment be- The German Government has 20,000. comes 5 years, and the fine is raised strictly forbidden the export of cap- to L.E. 1,000. ital. German Protestant missions re- Anti-Religion in Russia quire RM. 225,000 monthly for their -Blessed Be Egypt. work abroad, but have never been able Newsweek publishes two fresh to obtain permission to send the whole indications that, for political Governor Honors Mission amount. .. . The government draws reasons, the Russian Govern- Schools the cords ever tighter, checks solicita- ment is abandoning its guartion for mission work, and forbids antees of religious freedom. The The Governor of Assiut Provasking for contributions from new newspaper Godless has been re- ince, Egypt, addressed an aupersons. This is bringing German vived and the "Godless League" dience of 2,000, assembled for missions into great and growing diffi- has begun a sustained member- the graduation exercises of the culty. ship drive. United Presbyterian Assiut Col- lege. It is the second time he Prince Evangelist of Sweden The Army newspaper, Red has made the commencement ad- Star, noting that Soviet Russia dress for this school, and again After a visit to a Swedish he emphasized his approval of mission station in Massaua, Christian educational efforts. Africa, where he noted the sacri- Among other things he said: "Wherever these missions have gone they have become angels of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mercy and examples of perfect eral missionary enterprises in "Have you ever run away?" fulfilment of duty. . . . For central Africa, and since the "Does your husband flog you?" more than 70 years the Amer- War the number has increased "What did your husband pay for ican Mission has persevered in until no fewer than 40 societies you?" diligently educating our young are engaged in evangelizing the "If he did not buy you, did you run people. Many who have rendered Congo BeIge. The missionary off with him?" services to the country have force numbers 1,200. There is a "Would you be willing to marry my been graduated from this insti- living church membership of a husband?" tution. It has also prepared a quarter of a million and a Chris- One man was heard to remark that great number of girls for ful- tian community of a million, God allowed the white man only one filling their natural office of with tens of thousands under wife. Another offered the missionary motherhood and homemaking. Christian teaching. an ivory as big as his body if he would This effort furnishes the main sell him his wife! cause for the high standing of From the beginning, the variknowledge and character which ous societies were drawn to- Noway was then known to is evident in Assiut." gether by their hardships. They feed orphaned babies, so they shared their experiences, and died. -United Presbyterian. largely shaped their work on similar lines so that they became One healthy woman stood The Kabyle People pioneers in cooperation, and looking at a baby dying from when the World Missionary starvation; at one breast was Fifty years ago the Kabyle Conference was held in 1910 the her baby nursing, at the other a Congo Continuation Committee baby monkey. She was asked to people of Algeria heard the Gos- was the first of its kind to be give up the monkey and take the formed as an outcome of that starving baby, but refused bepel for the first time. In the face gathering. This developed later cause of her fear that a dead of indifference and bitter oppo- into the Congo Protestant Coun- woman's baby would kill the cil, with a representative mem- child of a living woman. Today, sition missionaries gradually ex- bership. this woman has a granddaugh- ter who teaches a Sunday-school tended their work. In 1936, land Last June the Diamond Jubi- class and leads the women's was secured outside the village lee of missionary achievement in meetings. this area was celebrated at Leoof Eaglefen for a mission cen- poldville, with about 150 mis- Girls now have a say in the ter. Early opposition has disap- sionaries in attendance. The choice of their husband. The proceedings opened with a Na- number of girls in Christian peared; even the sheik is friend- tive Christian Convention which schools is limited only by the lasted for five days. This was number of teachers who can ly, and brings his children for attended by 220 natives, who give their time to training them. medical attention. represented eighteen language There is today opportunity to areas from many parts of the have a four-square life of phys- Every alternate week the mis- colony. Between this conven- ical development, mental develsionaries visit Eaglefen for tion and the conference a pag- opment, respect from the men three days. The people soon eant was presented, almost en- and the grace of God in their tirely by natives, and dealt with hearts. know when they have arrived, mission history, including Stan- ley's journey down the river. Training Teachers in Rhodesia and before long a company of women and girls are gathered at Forty Years in West Africa A movement is under way in Rhodesia for the more thorough the gate, asking for medicine. Mrs. Emily T. Johnston, writ- training of Sunday-school teach- ing in the Drum Call, draws a ers. The plan provides for train- After a Gospel talk they are vivid picture of the changes that ing intensively a group of pros- have been wrought by the mis- pective teachers for six months treated one by one. When the sionary in West Africa in the during the Sunday-school hour. past forty years, especially as At the completion of the course women have gone the men come, regards the position of women. these new teachers are sent out not primarily for medicine, but When the J ohnstons first arrived and another similar group en- at what is now Metet station, rolled in the training class. to hear the Gospel. Remember- the Gospel message went un- Some communities hold training heeded until curiousity was first classes in the town school one ing the days when these men, as satisfied concerning the white evening each week, and many lads, would break the doors, woman. Such questions as these new pupils are being recruited. were asked: Two new Sunday schools are rethrow stones on the roof, tear ported, one being in a women's up whatever the missionaries "How many times have you been police camp, where women are married?" gathered with their children to had planted, this seems marvel- study the Bible.

ous. The work has now ad- -The Presbyterian. vanced from Eaglefen to a village some miles away, where the relative of a convert offered his one-room house, free of charge, to the missionaries for preach- ing services. This man is not yet a professed Christian, but seems not far from the King- dom. -Life of Faith.

Congo Mission Jubilee The seventies of the 19th century saw the beginning of sev-

WESTERN ASIA ber in Asia. The number of mittee would like to accomplish Romanists in Africa has been it in five. This will be the job Radio in Palestine more than doubled in the last 10 of Permanent Director George years, it is stated. Last year Rublee, Washington lawyer. In An extended Gospel service, it was 6,794,951 as against addition to finding countries of in English and Arabic, was 3,202,993 in 1927. settlement for the refugees, he broadcast from St. Paul's must first persuade Germany to Church in Jerusalem last East- The total advance made in all allow them to take out resources. er, and short portions of the districts subject to propaganda Gospel were read by repre- during the last 10 years has been -Newsweek. sentatives of various Oriental from 14,330,629 to 21,143,328. churches. In Egypt, which has Do Men Need Missions? a powerful broadcasting station, -The Living Church. the property of the Government, The Outlook of Missions rereaching all the East, it has been Who Reads Religious Books? minds us that while the missionimpossible thus far to secure ary enterprise needs men, it is any time for the Christian mes- Charles W. Ferguson, asso- equally true that men need missage, although the Koran is read ciate editor of the Readers' sions, and lists a number of readaily. Digest, makes some interesting sons: comments about religious books. "Y" Growth in Turkey He says: 1. It keeps before Christian men the vision and the challenge This year's membership cam- Of all the new books published in of Christ, because the missionpaign of the Istanbul Y. M. C. A. America in 1936, there were more in ary enterprise is the ongoing coincides with the 25th anniver- the class of religion than in any other work of Christ in the world. sary of the founding of that or- save fiction and juveniles. The actual ganization in Turkey. Dr. D. A. number listed as religious was 684, 2. It widens their horizon and Davis started activities on a twice as many as appeared in the field scope of thought in Christianmodest scale before the War. of science and greater than the num- izing their world-view and mak- During hostilities the work was ber in the field of sociology and eco- ing it inclusive of all nations and interrupted, but after the Ar- nomics put together. The proportion people. mistice the "Y" resumed its has been relatively the same in years leadership in the development of past. Signs notwithstanding, the de- 3. It gives to their industrial physical education, and of social mand for religious books is perennial, spirit a broader economic sweep and recreative life, serving both and increases rather than abates in and understanding, one of the as an example and a yeast for an age of sophistication. Preachers basic elements in developing other similar organizations. In buy enough books to support three world trade. 1929, a branch was opened in a publishing houses who rely on their typically Turkish quarter of the trade entirely; and to keep going 4. It makes men recipients capital, and in 1933 the head- religious departments in five other and champions of much that is quarters in the cosmopolitan sec- large publishing houses. Preachers rich and fine in the character tion of Beyoglu were closed. To recommend books in church bulletins, and life of men living in other a considerable degree, the Asso- at luncheon clubs and among their environments and countries than ciation is self-supporting. friends; thus they get into circulation those of the Christian. among the laity. . . . It is certainly -The Christian Century. not too much to guess that the wide 5. It broadens their patriot- circulation and attentive reading of ism and citizenship to world pro- MISCELLANEOUS these books has gone far toward . . . portions. preparing the way for books of more Catholics Report Large Gains general interest. 6. It keeps Christian men in touch with the great social prob- According to the Catholic The World's Homeless lems in our own country, which Herald, the Roman Catholic pop- can only be solved cooperatively. ulation of Asia has increased by In London the Intergovernnearly 2,000,000 during the past mental Committee on Political Andrew Murray's Children ten years. In 1937 the total Refugees, organized in July by reached the figure of 7,911,370 27 nations at Evian, France, In the family of Andrew Muras compared with 7,699,227 in convened at the Foreign Office. ray, of South Africa, eleven 1936 and 6,029,029 in 1927. Myron C. Taylor, head of the children grew to adult life. Five American delegation at Evian, of the six sons became ministers Although Africa is smaller told the committee it would have and four of the daughters bein size than Asia and is also less to find homes for 660,900 poten- came ministers' wives. The next densely populated, obstacles to tial "involuntary emigres" from generation had a still more missionary activity are less seri- Greater Germany, 300,000 of striking record in that ten ous, and it is expected that the these being Jews (Hitler had grandsons became ministers and number of Roman Catholics in just announced his intention to thirteen became missionaries. Africa will soon exceed the num- get rid of all Jews in 30 days) ; The secret of this unusual con- 285,000 "non-Aryan" Chris- tribution to the Christian min- tians; and 75,000 Roman Cath- istry was the Christian home. olics. -John R. Mott. At the present rate, emigra- tion of these thousands would take sixteen years, but the com- Our ,Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~~il'==============================================~~~~~ A GUIDE FOR PROGRESSIVE READING ON INDIA By BASIL MATHEWS, Author of "The Church Takes Root in India," etc.

In reading about India today, scene can only be truly envis- Oxford Student's History of India. aged in a world perspective. In 13th ed. Vincent A. Smith. New the essential element to hold con- the light of the towering might York, Oxford University Press, tinually in the mind is the in- of new Japan, the attitude of In- 1931. $1.35. creasing momentum of change dian nationalists to Britain is becoming rather like that of A condensed, relatively short taking place in even the remot- Filipino nationalists to America. scholarly history of India which, est of her seven hundred thou- although written and published sand villages. The new Consti- Finally the Christian commu- in Britain, is objective. tution establishing, so to speak, nity in India is increasing cona "United States of India," tinuously at the rate of fifteen Cambridge Shorter History of India. which came into active being in thousand new members every New York, the Macmillan Co. 1934, 1937, sends revolutionary poli- month, or nearly two hundred 3 parts in 1 volume. $4.00. ticians into every nook and thousand a year. By wise procranny of India in search of the gressive educational processes A rather longer book about votes of 50,000,000 Indians. their literacy and their appre- which the comment on the Ox- Motorbusses by the ten thou- hension of Christ and of the ford history is relevant. sand carry the people from Christian meaning of life is steadily growing. They are mak- India. Sir Valentine Chirol. New those villages to the towns and ing the foundation for a new York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. back. Millions visit the cinema. life fora new India. $5.00. India is now only sixth in the nations of the world in actual GENERAL AND DESCRIPTIVE Sir Valentine Chirol knew his production of her own films. India from within, and from a Even the native princes, like the Land and Life of India, The. Mar- world point of view. He was for Maharajah of Mysore and the garet Read. London, Edinburgh years editor of the foreign news Nizam of Hyderabad, have their House Press, 1934. (Available from of the London Times. While his broadcasting systems. The Pres- Missionary Education Movement. book was written twelve or thirident of Congress. in 1936-7, 80 cents.) teen years ago, it is of perma- Pandit J awaharlal Nehru, and nent value for its sympathetic the President for 1938-9, Mr. A small, accurate, picturesque insight into the nature of the In- Subhas Chandra Bose, are Marx- descriptive book that sensitively dian peoples. ian Socialists. These are all ex- and with a true perspective pressions and agents of the in- achieves the promise of its title. Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule cessant ferment that is leaven- in India. Edward Thompson and ing the stupendous mass of In- Renascent India: from Ram Mohan G. T. Garratt. New York, The Macdia's ancient, immemorial, tra- Roy to Mohandas Gandhi. H. C. H. millan Co., 1934. $7.50. ditional life. Zacharias. New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1933. $3.25. This is the most stimulating, One other thing to recall is vigorous and pungent record of that, while Indian political revo- A book from a nationalist the British rule in India from lutionaries work for home rule, point of view, giving from with- two men of unexcelled knowlthey are increasingly conscious in an impression concentrating edge and brilliant powers of more on the political than on the writing, combined with capacity of the fact that if the present economic and cultural aspects of for acid comment. Their critical world-wide threat from Central the Renascence. faculty is exercised with equal and Southern Europe and the zest against the weaknesses of Far East to the very existence Legacy of India, The. G. T. Garratt, both rulers and ruled, while of the British Empire succeeds ed. New York, Oxford University their historical record is intiin tearing it to pieces, India Press, 1937. $4.00. mate, searching and accurate. would not find freedom but inevitably would come under the A very scholarly, often bril- India's New Constitution. J. P. Eddy rule either of Tokio or, less liant and always educative, rec- and F. H. Lawton. New York, The probably, Rome. The Indian ord of ,the past of India from the Macmillan Co., 1935. $2.10. point of view of its contribution to the present, and the future. This book is important for reference particularly, and for [509 ] those who would get an accurate description of the new Constitu- written on the life of the Indian Indian Thought and Its Develoption, which is the largest adven- village. As readable as a first- ment. Albert Schweitzer. New ture ever undertaken towards class novel, it is also as author- York, Henry Holt & Co., 1936. the application of the democrat- itative in its psychological in- $2.50. ic idea to a vast Asiatic popula- sight as it is in its description tion habituated through millenia of the outward aspects of life. The value of this volume is in to despotism. bringing clearly to light the Hindu Jajmani System, The. William fundamental contrast between Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas. C. F. An- H. Wiser. Lucknow, Lucknow Pub- the life-affirming philosophy and drews. New York, The Macmillan lishing House, 1936. 2r. Sa. faith of Christianity and the Co., 1930. $3.00. life-negating mentality of Hin- This unique book describes duism. This book, through the eyes of with scientific accuracy and psyan intimate friend, conveys the chological analysis for the first Crown of Hinduism, The. J. N. Farmore permanently valid ele- time the true working of the In- quhar. New York. Oxford Uniments of Mahatma Gandhi's dian village. It is of priceless versity Press, 1917. $2.00. thought. value to anyone who desires to get a scientifically true "close- Dr. Farquhar's unique work Mahatma Gandhi: His Life, Work, up" of the Indian village. It is in India of editing volumes and Influence. J. R. Chitambar. interesting that it has been left that interpreted Indian religious Philadelphia, John C, Winston Co. to an American missionary, thought with scholarly insight 1933. $2.00. aided by his brilliant wife, to do culminated in this great book, this valuable piece of analysis which reveals the relationship This gives from the point of of the social pattern on which of Hinduism to Christianity. view of an Indian sympathizer India has been built. the record of Mahatma Gandhi's Bhagavad Gita, The. Translated by life up till some six years ago. Indian Peasant, The. Marquis of Lin- A. W. Ryder. Chicago, University No coherent record has yet been lithgow. London, Faber & Faber, of Chicago Press, 1929. $2.00. made of his more recent concen- 1932. Paper, 1/-. tration upon the uplift of the This is a fine translation of outcaste. This pamphlet, written with the Hindu Scripture which, as restrained eloquence and unex- Mahatma Gandhi said to the Autobiography; With Musings on celled knowledge, is significant present writer, is the only book Recent Events in India. Jawa- as the production of the present in the world that he finds be- harial Nehru. London, John Lane, Viceroy of India who was Chair- yond criticism and that is used 1936. 15/-. man of the Agricultural Com- by him every day in his devo- mission that for the first time tional life. This singularly beautiful book, examined the whole rural life of which Edward Thompson likens India. Indian Islam. Murray T. Titus. Reto Newman's Apologia Pro Vita, ligious Quest of India series. New not only gives from the angle of Up from Poverty in Rural India. D. York, Oxford University Press, one of its outstanding leaders Spencer Hatch. New York, Oxford 1930. $4.50. the story of the last decade of University Press, 1936. $1.50. 3rd change, but reveals in poignant ed. This volume, alongside Dr. and in often tragic autobiog- Bevan Jones' The People of the raphy the strange crisis which Dr. Spencer Hatch and his Mosque, describes the Mohamcomes through the working of wife at Travancore, South India, medanism of the greatest Islamthe Western ferments in Indian have created a pioneer experi- ic population of the world, the life. This book, although very ment in rural reconstruction. eighty million Moslems of India. long, should be read with joy as This book should be read alongsheer literature as well as with side "The Gospel and the Plow," EDUCATION sympathy as a unique human by Sam Higginbottom which document. It is disappointing most unfortunately is out of Christian College in India, The. Rethat repeated efforts· have failed print but can be secured from port of the Commission on Christo persuade any American pub- many libraries. tian Higher Education in India. lisher that it is worth while to New York, Oxford University produce it here in the United INDIAN RELIGIONS Press, 1931. $2.00. States. Copies of the English edition can be secured through Living Religions of the Indian This is the famous Lindsay the Friendship Press, 150 Fifth People, The. Nicol Macnicol. Lon- report which gives still the best Avenue, New York. don, Student Christian Movement perspective available not only of Press, 1934. (Available from MiE- the existing situation but of the RURAL CONDITIONS AND MOVE- sionary Education Movement. 150 lines of progress for the future. Fifth Avenue, New York, $3.50.) MENTS Christian Education in the Villages This is the best available up- of India. Alice B. Van Doren. New Behind Mud Walls. William H. and to-date volume on this subject. Yo r k, International Missionary Charlotte V. Wiser. New York. Its author, who has given a life- Council, 1931. 80 cents. Richard R. Smith, 1930. $1.50. time to India, is simultaneously (Available from Harper & Broth- a scholar of highest quality, a This book, alongside the same ers.) Christian saint, and a poet. author's new volume, The Chris- tian High School in India, gives This is the ablest and most the best available picture of penetrating descriptive book yet rural education alongside the

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training of those who are be- Other Recent Books churches, as shown in four chaptween the village and the college. ters, is not very encouraging. The Japan Christian Year Book- Both the nation and the Church Builders of the Indian Church. 1938. Edited by Charles W. Igle- are passing through a crisis. Stephen Neill. London, Edinburgh hart. 8vo. 454 pp. Yen 2.50- The increase in evangelical House Press, 1934. (Available Kyo Bun Kwan, Tokyo; $1.25 from Church membership has been t h r 0 ugh Missionary Education the Foreign Missions Conference, small (only 5,111 reported by all Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New New York. 1938. societies), in spite of Kagawa's York, 80 cents.) evangelistic campaign. The sta- Nineteen foreigners and six tistics are incomplete. This little volume gives a Japanese, who contribute the vivid insight into the past work chapters to this annual volume, The Year Book includes the together with the prospect for give a reliable but incomplete usual list of missions, stations the future architecture of In- picture of political, industrial, and missionaries. One of the dia's Christian life. social and religious. life in Japan interesting chapters deals with today. The picture is incomplete "The Revival Movement in For- Christian Mass Movements in India. for government censorship does mosa" and another 'is on "Ja- J. Waskom Pickett. New York, not permit the publication of pan's Christian Activities Over Abingdon Press, 1933. (Available facts in regard to the military Seas." through International Missionary situation, the financial distress, Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, New the real attitude of the better Christian High Schools in India. York. Cloth, $1.00.) informed people as to the war By Alice B. Van Doren. 170 pp. against China, or on the Shinto Rs. 2-12. Calcutta, 1936. This is by far the most au- shrine situation. At the same thoritative survey of what is time there is much recorded here Few pUblications of the exnow becoming the most chal- that is of great interest and cellent "Education of India lenging flow of multitudes of un- value regarding "The Year of Series" of the Y. M. C. A. Pubderprivileged people into the the Ox" (1937)-supposed to be lishing House, present more church that has. been witnessed a period of "patient rumination." helpful, and at the same time, in any land in modern times, if Politically the per i 0 d was more challenging material. The not in all history. marked by a further breaking work of the twenty Christian away from the plan of coopera- Colleges in India is of great sig- Christianity in the Eastern Conflicts. tion with America and Europe nificance, both for the nation William Paton. New York, Friend- in the limitation of armaments, and the Church of God; the 170 ship Press, 1937. Cloth, $1.50; and a refusal to join in plans for odd high schools covered by Miss paper, 75 cents. (Especially Chap- the promotion of peace and Van Doren's survey, which pre- ter III.) friendly relations with the more pare many boys and girls who advanced nations. The "military later go on to the colleges, are This magnificent book has two party" is in the saddle in Japan also vital centers of influence. particular contributions to make. and is determined to carry out One finds among them throb- It puts the Indian Christian ad- its own program, without regard bing, colorful, unique instituvance in the heart of the world to treaty obligations and the tions but some that are drab, scene, and it reveals with the in- rights of other nations. "The dull, commonplace. This Survey sight of one who has given years Year of the Ox" might be inter- dodges none of the depressing of splendid service in India the preted as "the Year of Sacrifice" facts but it pictures fully the large significance of the present -but it is the sacrifice of achievements of the b est growth of the Christian church. Japan's good name and of the schools; covering the essential principles of justice, truth, peace issue of curriculum, organiza- Heritage of Beauty. Pictorial Studies and friendship. tion, and methods, the survey is of Modern Church Architecture in at its best in the section which Asia and Africa, Illustrating the Dr. A. K. Reischauer of Tokyo reviews the relation of religion Influence of Indigenous Cultures. says that "Everywhere today re- to education. Thoughtful and Daniel J. Fleming. New York, ligion seems to be uncertain of wise but practical and sugges- Friendship Press, 1937. $1.50. itself and in a state of con- tive, this section is of funda- fusion." Primitive elements of mental importance for the work The'pictures here show the in- superstition and low moral of these church-fostered schools. teresting and significant adapta- standards still remain in Japan's Illustrated amply and suppletion going on today of church religious, political and social sys- mented by sample charts, the architecture to Indian patterns. tem – in spite of their fine pa- book makes its appeal to the triotic ideals and their modern reader who wants a fresh view Untouchables' Quest, The. Godfrey education. Japanese will ac- of Indian education at i,ts best Phillips. New York. Friendship knowledge no authority above -that is where it is self-critical. Press, 1936. Cloth, 75 cents; paper, that of the Emperor – as inter- Valuable statistics make this 40 cents. preted by his human advisers. study useful for the student of missionary education. Professor Godfrey Phillips, But the influence and power with the insight of one who has of Christ is growing in Japan- Miss Van Doren and her Adhimself given decades to South in spite of great difficulties. The visory Committee, all operating India, gives an up-to-date pic- pro g res s of the Christian ture of the Untouchables and their movement towards the light.

under the direction of India's and sympathetically of present- Brazilians from appointment as National Christian Council, day events and the modern missionaries. Francisco Fulhave given us a readable book, trends-in China, Japan and gencio Soren became a great in- a digest of a great volume of Korea. He considers the ex- fluence for God in his native data, selected with the wisdom pectant East, the teaching and country. So unusual was his of experience. The book is most influence of Confucianism, Bud- work that his Alma Mater con- timely and will remain for years dhism, Shamanism and Shinto- ferred upon him the degree of to come both an authoritative ism; he describes briefly the Doctor of Divinity. He devel- document of fact and also a work of Protestant Missions and oped the small church of Rio into guide a program of help to those the growth of the Christian a large congregation and a now at work in India's schools. Church, and the present status temple worthy of that metropo- B. C. HARRINGTON. of Christianity, the many obsta- lis. He and his wife also helped cles and the outlook. Each of the to establish a theological sem- three countries is taken up sep- Moving Millions – A Pageant of arately. The book is full of inary, and a woman's college of Modern India. By E. Stanley Jones, which Mrs. Soren is the prin- facts, important facts, related Bishop J. Wascom Pickett, C. Her- facts, well presented. Christ is cipal. Dr. Soren became the bert Rice and others. Introduction the only hope of Asia and of the interpreter between the mission- by Robert E. Speer. Map. 224 pp. world. ary viewpoint and the Brazilian Paper, 50 cents. Missionary Edu- Church and vice versa.

cation Movement, New York. 1938.

This is the senior textbook for This biography will be a great the study of India. It is full of Radiant Youth. By Captain Reginald help to every young minister and facts that are essential in such a Wallis. 128 pp. 80 cents. Amerstudy, and the chapter headings ican Bible Conference Association. especially to the outgoing mis- Philadelphia. sionary. A. H. PERPETUO.

indicate that the picture of mod- While this book is written for Fun and Festival from India. By ern India's "moving millions" is young people, no adult will lay Rose Wright. 48 pp. 25 cents. adequately presented: The Un- it down when once he begins to Friendship Press, New York. 1938. touchables; The Ministry of read it. Some of its thirty-three Healing; Rural Millions; The chapters have appeared in The This little pamphlet is just Christian Church and Higher Christian Herald. Each is in- what the title indicates. It con- Christian Education. Dr. Stan- tensely practical. The author tains suggestions for suppleley Jones sums up the whole skillfully deals with such topics menting the study of India with in a final chapter-"Facing the as: "The Dynamic of the Cross," music, games, costumes, menus Future." He points out that "Does Sin Matter?" "Is the Bible from India, and creative recreaconversion from one faith to an- God's Book?" "Attainment or tion such as metal work, "tieother is no longer a religious Atonement," etc., so that the and-dye" work and other arts question only, but a political and youthful reader is thoroughly native to India. cultural one. There is a plea for and unconsciously grounded in a demonstration of the Kingdom stable doctrine. Each chapter Hearts Aglow. Stories of Lepers by of God; people must see its begins with a bit of humor or a the Inland Sea. By Honami Nagata principles and power in opera- gripping story, and telling illus- and Lois Johnson Erickson. IUus. tion. The Christian message 127 pp. $1.25. Printed in Japan must be the Kingdom of God on trations fall thick and fast, hold- for the American Mission to Lepers, earth-no less. We cannot com- ing the attention to the end. New York. 1938: promise or tone it down. Clever reasoning and skilful use of Scripture quotations clinch There are over 1,800 Chris- The Star in the East. By C. Darby the argument in each message tian lepers in Japanese leper col- Fulton. Illus. 12mo. 264 pp. and much helpful information is onies. Mrs. Erickson, a mission- Presbyterian Committee of Publica- contained in this delightful book. ary of the Presbyterian Church tion, Richmond, Va., 1938. in the U. S., has long been inter- HOWARD A. ADAIR. ested in these sufferers of Japan and has translated many of their The tragic events in Eastern beautiful poems. Here she trans- Asia are of tremendous impor- Francisco Fulgencio Soren. By L. M. lates stories written by Honami tance to the world of today and Bratcher. 224 pp. $1.25. Broad- Nagata, a Christian leper, who tomorrow. Here is a message of man Press. Nashville, Tenn. tells his own experiences and Hope in the midst of dark days. A young Brazilian who was those of his friends. He is a Dr. Darby Fulton, formerly a brought to the Lord by one of leader in the Poetry Club at missionary in Japan, and now His missionaries later came to Oshima where there is a hospital Executive Secretary of the For- the United States, went through for lepers. To the stories and eign Missions Committee of the college and seminary and then poems by Mr. Nagata, the trans- Presbyterian Church in the U. was sent back to his native land lator adds others that reveal S., knows the situation from by the Southern Baptist Board beautiful faith and courage. first-hand contacts. His parents of Foreign Missions. The Bap- They repay the reader and show went out fifty years ago as mis- tist Board did not follow the ex- the power of Christ to bring sionaries to Japan. Dr. Fulton ample of other North American comfort and courage to stricken writes graphically, intelligently Boards in excluding native-born souls in leprous. bodies.

BooIe. Evangelize or Foaailize. Herbert Lectures on Japan. Inazo

Lockyer. 92 pp. Bible Institute 393 pp. $2.00. University of Chi- The American City and Its Church. Colportage Assn. Chicago. cago Press. Chicago. Samuel C. Kincheloe. 177 Pl" $1.00 and 60 cents. Friendship Evergreen and Other Near East Bible G. Campbell Morgan, Bible Teacher. Press. New York. Talks. Abdul-Fady (A. T. Upson). Harold Murray. 141 pp. $1.00. 120 pp. 28. Marshall, Morgan & Marshall, Morgan & Scott, London. All Around the City. Esther Frei- Scott. London. and Zondervan Pub. Co. Grand vo~l. 96 pp. $1.00 and 50 cents. Rapids. FrIendship Press. New York. Education in India-1935-36. 140 pp. 3s. 3d. Bureau of Education, Delhi, Men of Power. Fred Eastman. 186 America's Share in Japan's War India. pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press. Guilt. 80 pp. 15 cents. American Nashville. Committee for Non-Participation in The Heathen. Henry W. Frost. 106 Japanese Aggression. New York. pp. Fundamental Truth Pub. Street Comer. Harold & Eunice Findlay, Ohio. Hunting. 118 pp. $1.00, cloth, American Bible Society's Annual Re- and 50 cents, paper. Friendship port – 1938. 300 pp. American The Household of Faith. Arthur Press. New York. Bible S?Ciety. New York. Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2. Revell. New York. A Stud~_ in Christian Certainties. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison Mc- John Wilmot Mahood. 77 pp. 35 Graw. 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Hearts Aglow. Honami Nagata and cents. Zondervan Pub. Co. Grand Pub. House. Grand Rapids. Lois Johnson Erickson. 127 pp. Rapids. $1.25. American Mission to Lepers. The Church Can Save the World. New York. – -_ – ……………,………… Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. $1.50. Harper Bros. New York. It Began in Galilee. Reginald J. Write c.tIay Barker. 317 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury The Church and the Tribulation. Press. Nashville. TIle ……..f Fe…,.,. H ……. C. F. Hogg and W. E. Vine. 63 pp. ef tIae …..byaerlaa a..rell 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. Johanna of Nigeria. Life and Labors of Johanna Veenstra. Henry Beets. la 'lie ValtedState.of AaIerIea Christ and the Hindu Heart. J. E. 228 pp. Grand Rapids Printing .UFUtlaAye..NewYerk.N.Y. Graefe. 155 pp. Revell. New York. Co. Grand Rapids.

The Case Against Japan. Charles R. Japan Christian Year Book -1938. Shepherd. $2.50. 242 pp. Daniel $2.00. Christian Literature So- Ryerson, Inc. New York. ciety, Tokyo)" or Committee of Ref- erence and uouncil, New York. The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. $2.00. 222 pp. Revell. New York. Living Word. C. M. S. Report. 56 pp. 6d. C. M. S. London. The Doctor Comes to Lui. Eileen Fraser. 71 pp. lB. C. M. S. Little Saint Barbara. M. E. Mark- London. ham. 101 pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. London.

HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing I-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our Da. J. LoVBLL MUUAY, Director of the students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! What a life! He was old enou~ to know why he went, , apnrodd~bcatd enough to know the meamng of salvation. One by_ . . , I feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our of his exper!ence was his. wonde!ful hwnility-aoth- Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to feed on the- Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- mg m the show wmdow and himself m the remote back. mtherenshpoolidn,tinbguttontoheo doo~ r andutpakoinfg their people as far as the ground. It is inspiring. the treasures within the Da. GaoltGB P. PInsoN, fotmlf'J, of Tapa. Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main· Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus adolescent, but a f1III1I in Christ. This is no volume to be Christ; and -his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. repeatedly. HlNRy SLOANE CoPPIN, WU.LIAM HAzEN, P"sidml of U"io" Snni1lllr'1'

Missio"., i" SboJaplI', It.dia. The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for y~ to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set A biography of one of the saintliest figures of the nine- before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scath· teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and inef- fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in nciency. J. Ross STEVBNSON, devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He P,eside", Bmeritlls, P,i1Imo" Semi".,.

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RooM* offers the most unusual, and we believe the most thought-provoking, series of meditations ever offered in a devotional periodical. Along with the very best material from our own selection of writers, this issue contains media tations prepared by members of the INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL, representing the UNITED STATES AND 28 OTHER CHRISTIA,:i NATIONS. (Truly a cross-section of the devotional thouglitof the world!) The Council has adopted this issue of THE UPPER ROOM as its prayer and fellowship manual in preparation for its decen- nial meeting in Madras, India, in December.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1935

1935

Conquest By Healing in Ethiopia T. A. Lambie Christianity in the New India Richard Burges Crucial Issues in Latin America .

John A. Mackay .

The March of Events in·Mexico Kenneth G. Grubb The Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan Charles W. Posnett German Neo-Pagan Faith Movement w. O. Lewis Can We Interest Men in Missions?

George A. Brown 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yeat'

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November 3-9-Christian Home Week. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer November 17-Men and Missions Sun- The epic story of C. T. Studd, the famous day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the cricketer, will appeal to all lovers of missionary World Today." For source material biography. "C. T." was one of the best all-round write to the Laymen's Missionary players that the game ever produced, and re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- nounced wealth and position to answer the call cago. of God to foreign service. Courageously he faced a life of hardship and danger with remarkable December 7-,-Universal Bible Sunday. self-denial and endurance, first in China and then in the very heart of Africa, pioneering for God. December 30-31-Conference with Dr. :Kagawa on the Relation of the Illustrated, $1.25. Churches to the Cooperative Move- ment. Indianapolis, Ind. The Triwmph of~__. . . . . John and Betty December 28, 1935-January I, 1936- Stam Student Volunteer Convention. In- dianapolis, Ind.

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July 6-12_Twelfth World's Sunday School Convention. Oslo, Norway.

By Mrs. Howard Tavlor Personal Items You have read newspaper accounts of John _ _ MR1 and Betty Stam, who were martyred by Chinese nowARD TAYLOR communists last fall. Now read this permanent The Archbishop of York (Dr. Wil- record of consecrated lives. It is particularly liam Temple), known as a leader both recommended for young people. Cloth, 75 cents. in Christian thought and in Christian work, is to make his first visit to Storiesofthe GreatHymnsof the Church America in December. He will fill several engagements at, universities By Silas H. Paine and cathedrals and will be, one of the leading speakers at the Student Vol- A monumental work in ~—-_ _J hymnology. A beautiful gift unteer Convent.i..on …in ..I.ndianapolis.

Rev. A. M. Chirgwin, General Sec- book, de luxe edition", 'printed on Bible paper, full gold retary of the London Missionary So- edges, flexible red b,inding, with stamping in gold. 795 ciety, is paying a two months' visit to the United States, in connection with pages. $3.00.

the meeting of the International Mis- "Eye" to "Aye" sionary Council. He plans to visit Negro schools and colleges ,of the By Paul H. Graef "EYE" South. … … … ~ An unique presentment in pictorial fashion of God's great plan of salva- TO tion. 132 display pages, five in color. John L. Mott" son of John R. Mott; Two editions: Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "AYE" I has been made director of Interna- ~l tional House, New York, to succeed . , ,..WUL 0lWl' Dr. Harry Edmunds. This center I T.. -……………. now serves students from 65 countries. ,"II _ _ …………..dyarrw- … … … .. _ … _ ………….a_ -'-"hItId.-..-.I …. ( ~~=I.. …….__ Christmas Card Box Assortments I Mrs. Adena Miller Rich has been No. 50. A popular priced assort- l!:==::::~~''}v appointed to succ,eed the world;'famous ment with 15 beautiful Scripture cards Jane Addams as head of Hull 'House, Chicago. She was associated with and folders, each with matching envelope. 50 cents per box. Miss Addams for twenty years. No. 100. Our de luxe selection of 21 beautiful Christ- mas deSigns with 8 distinctly Birth-of-Christ pictures. All designs are new, artistic and appropriate, and have short Scripture portions and suitable sentiments. Matching en- velopes. Retails at $1.00.

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Publication and Business Office– MISS MARY 1. SCOTT, Chairman, Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethesda School of Missions, 310 Tomlinson St., Editorial and Executive Office– Moundsville, W. Va. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "On our station in the bush we Act of March 3, 1879. greatly appreciate the monthly ap- pearance of THE REVIEW." 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a. year. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE, M.D., Published monthly, except August. French Equatorial Africa. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morga.n Obituary Notes and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, The Rev. Harvey S. Murdock, D.D., 10 shillings a year. head of the work among mountaineers at Buckhorn, Kentucky, died on Oc- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tober 4th of heart disease at the age LISHING CO., INC. of 64. He went out thirty-three years ago as a representative of the Lafay- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ette Avenue Presbyterian Church, of ROBE'RT E. SPEER, President Brooklyn, to establish this Christian W'M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President mission. He was very successful in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer developing a community work includ- DELAVAN L,' PIERSON, Secretary ing schools, a church, hospital and general social program. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The Rev. W. Kendall Gale, mis- WM. B. LIPPHARD sionary of the London Missionary So- ciety at Andriamena, Madagascar, ERIC M. NORTH and one of the recent contributors to the REVIEW, died on June 7th follow- JESSE R. W'ILSPN ing an operation. He had labored most sacrificially and effectively for A. L. W ARNSHUIS the Malagasy. Mrs. Gale is returning SAMUEL M. ZWEMER to England. * * * Editorial Chat The Rev. Dr. Ivan S. Prokhanoff, founder and president of the All-Rus- Our October number on Latin sian Evangelical Christian Union, said SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT America has received very hearty to have several million followers in commendations and many single Russia, died in Berlin on October 6th. YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS . .. fastest, copies have been sold. Order your ex- He was sixty-six years old. shortest Pacific crossing … by the tra copies now before the supply is sister.ships Empress of Asia or exhausted. In the present issue we Dr. Prokhanoff was born in Russia, Empress of Russia. Or via Honopublish some additional articles on the and educated as an engineer. Thirty lulu in 3 days more on the Empress same subject and more will follow. years ago he organized the Evan- of Japan (largest liner on the Pa- This is "Latin America Year." gelical movement, with Lord Rad- cific) or the Empress of Canada. stock, of England, Colonel Pashoff * 1* * and Count Korff. In Russia he pub- INEXPENSIVE ROUND-TRIP FARES. lished "The Christian," a periodical, The past summer and autumn have and "The Morning Star," a weekly Go by distinguished First Class or been especially rich in interdenomina- newspaper. He wrote more than 1,000 comfortable Tourist Class. Still tional and international conferences hymns and translated many others, lower Summer round-trip fares to on Christian faith, life and work. and also religious books. the Orient. Low-cost Third Class.

Some of these are reported in this Since 1928, when he left Russia for FREQUENT SAILINGS … from Vanissue; another-the Student Volun- the last time, he has raised money for couver (trains to ship-side) and teer Convention-will be fully report- needy Christians in Russia. In 1927 Victoria. Orient fares include pased, and the leading addresses will be he started in New York "The Gospel sage to and from Seattle. California printed early next year. in Russia," and in 1931, "The Faith sailings connect with "Empresses" of the Gospel," both periodicals. His at Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: *** autobiography, "In the Cauldron of Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Russia," was published in 1933. hai, Hong Kong, Manila. One of the recent articles in THE REVIEW so impressed a missionary *** • Also •• • low-cost World Tours. bishop that he ordered copies printed and sent to every missionary of his The Rev. Frederic W. March, for BOOKLETS, information … from over fifty years an active missionary YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canachurch. in Syria, under the Board of Foreign dian Pacific office: New York, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian Church cago, San Francisco, and 34 other *** in the U. S. A., died on September 28 cities in the U. S. and Canada. at Suk-ul-Gharb, Syria. Mr. March A pastor in the home church offered was appointed to Syria in 1873 and to reprint another article at his own served actively until his honorable reexpense and have it sent to all the tirement with his wife in 1924. Withmissionaries of his denomination. He in his lifetime he touched the whole learned that THE REVIEW already goes span of mission activity in the Syria to all those missionaries. field which celebrated its 100th year more than a decade ago. During his *** long years of service he was engaged Here are recent comments from our (Concluded on Third Cover.) readers. Will you pass on the good [513 ] word? "Each month I attend the public library for the purpose of glancing through your magazine. I consider it the most interesting periodical of the many on the shelves of that institu- tion." CURTIS TAYLOR, Utica, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL MISSION4RY LEADERS AT

1st Row (left to right)-Rev. Akira Ebisawa, Miss Florence Tyler, Dr. K. S. Latourette, Miss Lucy Starling, Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Baroness van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. John R. Mott, Rev. C. Y. Cheng, Rev. Wm. Paton, Dr. J. H. Oldham, Baron van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. Leslie B. Moss.

2d Row-Dr. Martin Schlunk, Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, Rev. C. E. Wilson, Canon H. E. Hyde, Dr. C. R. Hamilton, Rev. Francisco Galvez, Dr. F. F. Goodsell, Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, Rev. John S. Badeau.

3d Row-Rev. G. W. Carpenter, Prof. J. E. Moreland, M. Ie pasteur Abel de Meuron, Rev. W. E. Shaw, Rev. Ray E. Phillips, M. Ie pasteur Henri Anet, Canon Axel Malmstrom, Hon. Newton W. Rowell, Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Murray T. Titus, Mr. T. H. Sun, Rev. H. H. Riggs.

4th Row-Dr: K. B. Westman, Pasteur Daniel Couve, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Margaret Wrong, Dr. J. M. Springer, Mr. G. S. Phelps, Rev. A. S. Kydd, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Rev. A. M. Chirgwin.

5th Row–Prof. G. B. Camargo, Mrs. Harper Sibley, Mr. J. Merle Davis, Miss B. D. Gibson, Dr. S. K. Datta, Dr. John A. Mackay, Rev. W. J. Noble, Mr. E. V. Yoshida, Mr. Basil Mathews.

6th Row-Dr. S. G. Inman, Miss Esther Strong, Dr. J. H. Arnup.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times PREPARING FOR A WORLD CONFERENCE tries the younger churches are ready to under- The International Missionary Council (Septem- take more complete independence. A shifting of ber 27th to October 4th) brought together sev- emphasis of the missionary movement from Amerenty-five delegates, from twenty-five national ica and Europe to Asia and Africa is therefore missionary or Christian councils, who assembled welcomed in all quarters. For this reason it was at East Northfield, Massachusetts, to prepare for decided that the next conference should be in the next World Missionary Conference. The hills Asia. After careful deliberations in which parof the Connecticut Valley were glorying in the ticularly the Japanese and Chinese delegates took richness of their autumnal colors and remem- part, it was resolved with enthusiasm to select brances of the great evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, Kowloon, near Hongkong, and to make an atl:!-nd his work formed an inspiring background. tempt to secure double the number of Jerusalem The personnel included outstanding leaders of the delegates, about four. hundred of them, two-thirds Protestant missionary movement, half of them of whom should be representatives of the churches well-known representatives with a rich experi- in mission lands, particularly thos€ of Japan, ence, the other half representing a younger gen- China and India. eration of forthcoming leaders of the older and younger churches. The reports of the chairman, A second group of questions discussed related Dr. John R. Mott, and of the secretarial staff to subjects which demand a new and serious refrom London and New York proved the value of consideration, so imperative that a new world the world-wide service of the Council. It has be- missionary conference is imperative. Three groups of subjects seemed paramount.* come, or is becoming, a central consultation body 1. The missionary enterprise, like the world in which we of the Protestant world missionary movement. live, has definitely come to the dawn of a new age in which fresh forces are beginning to play a momentous part. The crucial question of this year's meeting was: Everywhere titanic forces challenge the very fundamentals where the next world missionary conferenc(=!, due of historic Christianity. On the frontiers of the Chris- about 1938, is to be held. The preceding world tian ~ovement men face the grim realities more closely conferences have been held in London, 1888; New t han In the West. e Communism, i mpe riali symo~nagn d nation al- York, 1900; Edinburgh, 1910; and Jerusalem, i sm are remorsel ssly closing in on the church in 1928. Many more Europeans and Americans would be able to take part if the next gathering China. Imperialism, commercialism, and industrialism are eating into the very fabric of African community life and destroying its immemorial spiritual and moral sanctions.

can be held in Europe or America and the inspira- From Mexico to Brazil, from the Philippines to the Congo, tional value for the sending churches would be enhanced. On the other hand the missionary from Germany to Japan the menace threatens younger force of the older churches has decreased, at least and the older churches alike. We must pool insight, knowl- edge, and resources and get a new sense and experience of world solidarity. .

for the time being. In almost all countries of old 2. A thorough study of evangelism on the mission field Christendom there are currents which slow down is to take a central place in the activity of the Internathe missionary enthusiasm so that in few coun- tional Missionary Council immediately and through the tries do we find the flaming missionary enthusiasm world conference with a view to vigorous, concerted agof a generation ago. At the same time the mis- gressive, continuous evangelism by the churches. This is done in response to calls from all over the world. The sionary movements in Asia and Africa are show- survey is to be centered in the church aiming at enlisting ing promising signs of spiritual strength and of voluntary lay and pastoral forces, with studies of the evangelistic power. In almost all Asiatic coun- • Quoting freely from Prof. Basil Mathews.

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place of literature, the school, college, and hospital in the CHRISTIANS OF ALL LANDS UNITING work as well as the approach called for with relation to There are still many varieties of Christians. They are of divers races, nations, names habits the Jew, the Moslem, the Hindu, and others; as well as and opinions on various subjects, but they'are one in looking to Christ and His program for the soluof the methods used by communism, fascism, theosophy, tion of human problems. On creeds and church polity these Christians cannot unite but those of and other cults. The phenomena of mass movements com- many nations and denominations gladly unite to study common problems and to work together for pared with plucking individuals out of their own culture better understanding and a more perfect fulfil- ment of the Will of God. and its relation to political changes and economic status: Last summer four important international as well as an analysis of the eocfonthoemiCc,hrreislitgiaionufs~itohr. sociai Christian conferences were held in Europe. These motives leading to acceptance The took under consideration the promotion of Chris- tian unity, world peace and friendship, and pracpreparation, holding, and follow-up of the proposed 1938 tical cooperation in life and work.* meeting is to be utilized to promote fuller cooperation in The Committee of the World Conference on the world missionary enterprise. Faith and Order held its sessions at Hindsgaul, Denmark, and plans to hold its next meeting in 3. The fact that over thirty regional and national Chris- 1~37, in Edinburgh. The conference will begin wIth a statement of "The Church's Witness in the tian councils have been set up, the large measure of con- World Today," and will be closed with an "Af- firmation of Union in Allegiance to Our Lord." fidence won, and many pieces of cooperative work carried The Executive Committee of the Universal forward reveals the advance already made. Hitherto co- Christian Council also met last summer in Chamby, Switzerland. The Orthodox Archbishop operation has been confined mainly to institutions; it has Germanos, of Thyateira, President of the Coun- cil, sounded an appeal to the churches of the world not so often been extended to large evangelistic ventures. for effective cooperation against the attacks of secularism in all lands. A World Conference on It has also been mainly an activity of missionary societies Christian Life and Work is to be called to meet at Oxford University, England, July 13-25, 1937. rather than of indigenous churches. The Committee is The great concern of the Council for the setting afoot vigorous studies of all these processes and Church in Germany found expression in the reso- lution which recorded the determination to emof concrete projects of fresh practical cooperation. !)loy every possible Christian means of support- mg those who are threatened by the dominance Among the forces that demand world coopera- of an aggressive paganism. An appeal was retion of the Christian forces are: the ebb-tide of ceived from various bodies on behalf of the Chrisfaith all over the world, the necessity that Chris- tian refugees from Germany, who constitute some tianity should advance, the call to a unified Chris- twenty per cent of the total number of German tian outlook on the pagan masses, a new vision of refugees. the function of the great missionary institutions, the creation of a satisfactory new leadership, the The World Alliance for International Friendreplacing of "foreignism" and race antipathy by ship met at Chamby, with representatives from life in the universal Church, new economic and thirty countries. Lord Dickinson, of Paiswick, intellectual foundations of self-support, the de- who has been president for several years, was struction, on the one hand, of syncretism and on made honorary president; Bishop Ammundsen, the other of separatism which now divides the of Denmark, was chosen president, and Dr. Wil- Protestant churches in areas like South Africa. liam P. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York, was elected vice-president. Other topics discussed at this meeting of the Re~. H. L. Henriod is the general secretary. Th!'l 1. M. C. included the crisis in German missions, AllIance recommended the creation of a permanent the need for Christian literature and suitable mo- Minorities Commission, under the League of Nation pictures for the Africans, the Christian re- tions and an appeal was made to the League for sponsibility for the Jew and "the tragic plight of more effective assistance to refugees from Ger- 2,000,000 Christians in Germany in whose veins there is some touch of Jewish blood." • The facts In regard to these conferences are taken from the report of Dr. Henry Smith Leiper. The upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the historic world-wide Christian community is to be the objective of the 1938 conference. This requires a fresh, convincing vision for this age of the verities of the faith by which the Christian lives; the witness by which the Church is to carry the faith to the world in face of potent hostile forces; the reenforcement, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, of the interior life of the Church, in grappling with problems that affect its very being; the relation of the life of the Church to the changing social and economic order-its total impact upon society; amnodvianlgargimerpalancdabmlyoretothwoarroduguhngiotiyngbceotwopeeernatitohn~ churches which, in this emerging crisis, is the very condition of victorious advance.

JULIUS RICHTER.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many. In preparation for the world conference STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AFTER at Oxford in 1937, it was proposed that in all FIFTY YEARS countries where compulsory military service prevails the churches should request their respective The coming convention of the Student Volungovernments to permit civil service as an alterna- teer Movement, to be held in Indianapolis, Indiana tive in the case of those who cannot conscientiously (December 28 through January 1, 1936), marks serve in a military capacity. A carefully prepared the fiftieth anniversary of the Movement in Amermessage to the churches was issued, which in- ica and is the twelfth quadrennial convention. cluded an affirmation, as against the totalitarian The Movement was the outgrowth of the Student claims of the State, that "right is above the State, Foreign Missionary Society in Princeton College not the State above right." A sensation was and of the Student Conference held at Mount caused when it became known that one distin- Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886.

guished Italian representative to the conference, The movement has had a remarkable history, Dr. Cesare Gay, had been summoned to Rome, having been founded by students as a result of along with other leaders of the Pro t est ant prayer and the conviction that the Great Commis- churches, by II Duce, who desired to know the sion of Christ to His Church was a command with reason for the refusal of the Protestant churches the promise of His presence in its fulfilment. The in Italy to pass resolutions endorsing his policies watchword' adopted was "The Evangelization of toward Ethiopia. the World in this Generation"-not adopted as a The Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid called prophecy but as an objective. When the Movetogether representatives of the churches of many ment was formed there were few students volunlands to meet in Vienna August 31-September 3. teering for foreign service and the funds avail- Attention was directed to the current situation able were very inadequate even for the work among the churches in continental countries, par- undertaken. As a result of the student moveticularly those which are suffering from discrim- ment, and other influences at work under the ination, financial collapse or state opposition. The spirit of God, over twelve thousand volunteers disturbed conditions in Austria have created par- have gone to the foreign field in the past fifty ticular difficulty for the non-Roman churches, years and the incomes of the missionary societies which are in the minority, constituting about oIie- were quadrupled.

fifth of the population. Membership in these The past fifteen years have brought about many churches has greatly increased in recent years, to changes in the whole foreign mission enterprise. such an extent that the present staff and equip- The number of volunteers has fallen off, the sup- ment are inadequate. The Central Bureau sent a port of the work has decreased and the Movement deputation to call upon the heads of the Austrian itself has undergone considerable change. The State to acquaint them with the concern of the Student Council has taken control, with less direc- Protestant world over the disabilities of their tion from the "elder statesmen" of the missionary Austrian brethren. The Bureau also studied the enterprise.

status of the churches in Roumania, Poland, Today a crisis is felt in the foreign fields, in the Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Greece, Spain, and churches and mission boards at home, and in the Russia. student world. Thinking Christians, familiar Since Christians in Russia continue to suffer with the present situation, realize that the need martyrdom, the possibility of sending a deputa- for Christ and His power was never greater than tion to Moscow to intercede for them was dis- at present, and the world is more than ever concussed and final decision was left with the execu- scious of the need for some superhuman power tives. Dr. Alfred Jorgenson, of Copenhagen, Den- to lead them out of the present social and spiritual mark, was reelected chairman of the Bureau and morass. Men are tempted to discouragement and Dr. Adolf Keller was unanimously reelected di- to abandon Christian idealism, seeking in its stead rector. the material things that this world offers. The less interest there is today in foreign missions Organic union is not necessary and may be un- the greater is the need for a spirit-filled Student wise but there is hope that some day Christians Volunteer Movement.

will still more generally unite on the beliefs and The coming convention may well have as obobjectives they have in common so that they may jectives: (1) To interest students more propresent a united front against all evil and may foundly in Christian life and in sacrificial service make their protests effective. Six hundred mil- where Christ is not known; (2) to express the lion professed followers of Christ should be able ideals and motives to which students will respond to do more for moral, social, economic and political when the claims of Christ on their lives are pre- reforms than they are doing today. sented; (3) to inspire Christians at home to sup-

port Evangelical work abroad more adequately; MISSIONARY EXHIBIT "A"

(4) to emphasize the spiritually dynamic forces At a recent meeting in Newark, New Jersey, a in missionary activity-in matters of guidance, of remarkable group of National leaders from many fruitfulness and growth; (5) to show the ability lands presented aspects of the present world sitand readiness of the coming generation to take uation from a Christian point of view. They were the leadership in the work of Christ with courage in themselves a remarkable exhibit and a convincand in His Name and Power. ing proof of the power of Christ and the world- wide influence of His Gospel to win the most out- The clear call today is for missionaries who are standing men and women of all races and nations true evangelists first of all-whatever other quali- to His standard. Dr. John R. Mott presided, himfications they may have. Christians at home who self a remarkable evidence of what Christ can do know Christ as Saviour and Lord will respond to in enlisting all a man's powers in the promotion the call to support qualified missionaries who go of the Kingdom of God throughout the world. out primarily to preach and to live Christ and to Among the Christian leaders from other lands train others for His service.

The Indianapolis Convention is calling together were Dr. S. K. Datta, a dark complexioned Indian over two thousand student delegates from the with a brilliant mind, the president of Forman United States and Canada-a much smaller num- Christian Coll~e, Lahore, and a leader in na- ber than have attended other conventions. A tional and church life in India; Dr. Cheng strong and comprehensive program has been Ching-yi, the General Secretary of the Church of planned with speakers of international reputation. Christ in China, former moderator of that church, These include national Christian leaders who are the vice-chairman of the International Mission- the fruits of mission work-Dr. Toyohiko Kag- ary Council, and a great force for cooperation awa, of Japan; Prof. Gonsalo Baez Camargo, of among all followers· of Christ throughout the Mexico; Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China; Mrs. Induk world; Professor Gonsalo Baez Camargo, Secre- Pak, of Korea, and President S. K. Datta, of tary of the National Council of the Evangelical India. The British and American leaders may be Churches of Mexico, a strong character and a bril- counted on for inspiring messages-Dr. Richard liant speaker; Mr. Etsuzo V. Yoshida, Treasurer Roberts, Moderator of the United Church of Can- of the National Christian Council of Japan and ada, and author of "That Strange Man Upon the one of the founders of the Omi Brotherhood in Cross," is a leading speaker; The Archbishop of Japan. Similar "exhibits" might have been pro- York (Dr. William Temple) will give a series of duced from South America, many parts of Africa, spiritual addresses; early American leaders of from Persia, Turkey, Syria, Burma, Malaya, the Movement-Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert E. Korea and the Islands of the Pacific. The repre- Speer, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and possibly Dr. sentation was enlarged by the testimonies of Pro- Robert P. Wilder, one of the founders and former fessor Julius Richter, of Germany; Baroness van general secretary-are to be present and may be Boetzelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland; and counted on to speak with their usual force and Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, Secretary of the fire. Others of more recent fame will lead Church Missionary Society, who called himself a conferences-Dr. John A. Mackay, Prof. Basil "native Christian of the British Isles."

Mathews, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Prof. Henry P. The tenor of the testimonies of these Christian Van Dusen, and Dr. Daniel J. Fleming. witnesses included (1) the great need of their fel- Christians interested in world evangelism and low countrymen for Christ and all that He offers; the progress of the rule of Christ on earth are (2) the evidence of Christ's power in their own earnestly requested to unite in daily prayer for lives and in the lands from which they come; (3) this convention-its leaders, speakers and dele- the need for greater unity and closer cooperation gates-that Christ may be uplifted; that the real among all Christians; (4) the need for clearer conditions of the world and the needs of men may manifestation of the power and spirit of Christ in be vividly presented; that the responsibility of all who bear His name.

the Church and of each Christian may be brought If every church could hear such testimonies, home to all, that church members may realize the and see such convincing exhibits there would be claim of Christ on them and all that they have; no doubt as to the worth-whileness and future of that the power and program of God for the salva- Christian missions. If the program advocated by tion of mankind may be clearly presented so as to these men were truly carried out in all individual stir to adequate unity; that Christ's forces of missionaries and in Christians in the churches in every race, nation and name may fully cooperate all lands, there would dawn a new era of life and in the great work before us, and that the future we believe that a new advance of Christianity of the Student Volunteer Movement may be made would take place that would sweep all before it in clear as it is in the Will of God. the conquest of the world for Christ.

by Healing in

By T. A. LAMBIE, M.D., F.R.G.S.

-&f/, Field Director, Sudan Interior Mission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T HERE is perhaps no country where a med- He believed them and wrote a letter to the Regent, ical diploma acts more efficiently as a pass- His Majesty Ras Tafari, which preceded us and port than in Ethiopia. It is little wonder helped us to get to the ear of Royalty! His Maj- that foreigners are suspected in that ancient land, esty begged us to build a hospital in Addis Ababa, for many who have come to her from the outside and in answer to much earnest prayer alone, for world with fair promises have remained to cheat no one was asked for a penny, one man gave and plunder. Somehow the Ethiopians classify $70,000 and others gave nearly as much more, missionary doctors differently. and the hospital was built to the glory of God. Thousands have been treated and cured. Thou- The eyes of the world are focussed upon sands have had the Gospel preached to them. The Ethiopia, not knowing what awaits her. Twenty- hospital is modern in every respect. two years ago it would have been considered pre- posterous to imagine that a Serajevo incident Mrs. Lambie and I were asked to go out and could plunge the civilized world into war, but establish work in Ethiopia under the Sudan In- it is a historical fact that the former incident took terior Mission in 1927. Although severing of old place and we know with what results; twenty ties, particularly with this hospital, was not easy, years afterward a comparatively minor incident yet God has wonderfully prospered thisinterna- in an almost unknown land carries a threat of a tional, interdenominational mission. Station after similar major catastrophe. The world is very sick station has been opened in these few years. A and needs a physician. large Leprosarium, under Dr. E. Ralph Hooper, Over sixteen years ago, after having spent of Toronto, has recently been built and is running twelve years in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at at full capacity. A splendid medical work has Khartoum and at a remote and needy place on also been going on at Soddu, Wollamo, one of the the Sobat River, treating annually tens of thou- populous southern capitals, and Dr. Percy Rob- sands of cases, Mrs. Lambie and I received an erts, of Montreal, is building a hospital there. In invitation to Ethiopia to help in the "flu" epi- the north at Lalibella, the famous place scarcely demic. Ethiopia was then almost closed to mis- seen by a white man, where there are eleven sionary enterprise; in all the land there was only monolithic churches, centuries old and one of the one Protestant worker. Thus, medicine was once marvels of the world, here Dr. Harriet Skemp and again the spear point, or the camel's nose, or Miss L. Blair, R.N., have been developing work whatever you choose to call it. Thousands of and a hospital is being built.

Gallas and Amharas were treated in Western Were there enough doctors Ethiopia might be Ethiopia and had the Gospel preached to them. opened to the Gospel from end to end, for where Most of the population seemed to need syphilitic a doctor goes several other missionaries can go. injections. Pneumonia and typhus were rampant There is a tremendous disparity between the but the "flu" epidemic had passed off before we numbers of young medical students who volunteer arrived. for the mission field and those who actually get A small hospital was opened and a mission sta- there. There is a wastage of medical volunteers tion established. We found that the tree wor- in the lecture rooms and hospitals. Often it is shipping Gallas seemed to have a real hunger for materialism that gets the young medico, often it the Word of God and we decided to take the long is a young lady who doesn't want to go, often it's overland trip to Addis Ababa, the capital. En a spiritual breakdown from too much study and route we stopped at Gore and treated Ras Nado, too little prayer. If something could only be done who came in the middle of the night with an ex- to stop this wastage and to inspire our fellow cruciating earache. From this ear I extracted a doctors toself-sacrificingly give themselves for tiny, black wood-boring beetle, which his soldiers work on the foreign field, how wonderful it would solemnly assured him would, if not removed, have be. Missionaries and home workers need to be bored its way through his head and caused death! tremendously more in earnest than ever before.

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If the number of Christian doctors on the foreign age really started. Many a one whom God wants field could be trebled, and their spirituality was to go to Canaan, or to Africa, on a pilgrimage for in proportion, something tremendous would result. Him, does not get beyond Haran because of some I have acquired Ethiopian nationality in order old Father "Wait:-a-bit," or some Mother "I-need- to further the spread of the Gospel, and my sym- you-at-home." Sodom proved too much of a temp- pathies are with His Majesty Haile Selassie and tation for Lot and he went to the plain. Abraham Ethiopia. There are some wrongs in Ethiopia, as went to the mountain-to Hebron. Oh the heart- there are in every land, but His Majesty, who I ache Lot caused even before he made his selfish feel is a real Christian, is seeking to right them, choice. Be careful pilgrim, of the ones you take and in the four years since his coronation has with you. Watch the separated life. Avoid the done wonders. worldly companions. They make poor travel part- ners; they are not real tent dwellers. They want Lessons from Tent Life in Ethiopia their Sodoms and their Gomorahs, their Zoars My wife and I have a great feeling of kinship and their beastly caves. They y:earn for the with Abraham. We cannot compare with him in world. They mind earthly things. The truly sepactual time spent in tents, but in distances trav- arated Abraham does not yearn for the plain, but eled we probably surpass even Abraham. Many for the Hebron mountaintop, for Hebron means, months and years have we spent living in tentsperhaps more than any other missionaries of mod- will "Communion with God." He found in Mamre a ern times and so we feel qualified to speak something of the lessons learned from tent life and "place of richness." The heavenly pilgrim can speak with some authority of the spiritual ever find it so. Lot's leftover became Hebron; implications of a pilgrim life in tents. richness in communion with God is the place to pitch your tent. 1. One of the chief lessons of the pilgrim life is that the pilgrim must be unencumbered. "Lay- 5. What is indispensable on this our pilgrim ing aside every weight and the sin which doth so way is to have an infallible Guide. The children easily beset us" (Heb. 12: 1). Extra weight keeps of Israel had no need of the eyes of a Hobab or the pilgrim back. Too many needless things are Raguel when they had the fiery pillar to lead them surely a trouble and a care and slow him up. "No on. How often on caravan have we lost our way, soldier encumbereth himself with the affairs of taken the wrong turning and had to retrace weary this life." Pilgrim, beware of encumbrances that steps. We become separated from our guide. slow you up. We thought we knew the way only to find our- 2. Hold your possessions lightly. There are a selves in "bye-path meadow" from which it is hundred travel accidents that may happen to spoil only a short distance to "Doubting Castle." We your belongings or cause the loss of them. No need to stick close to our Guide who has promised travel insurance policy can be written to insure to direct us. against white ants, mildew, and the many other hazards of tent life. One must learn to hold one's 6. Care of the tent. The tent is the pilgrim's possessions lightly, and even "take joyfully the home. It is a poor thing, perhaps; not like a spoiling of one's possessions." Don't grieve over castle, or even as good as a poorhouse, but still it them-your heavenly treasure is infinitely more is all he has to live in and it is much better than desirable. nothing. One must take care of it or it will rap- idly deteriorate and no longer keep out the sun 3. The importance of water. One learns never and the rain, the wind and the dust and when it to get far from water. Water is the life of the caravan, for even the desert camel cannot go very is gone it cannot be restored. So with these far from water. Water means life, not only for man, but also for beast, pasture as well as drink. bodies of ours-we must not neglect them. We "Wherever the river cometh there shall be life may be called to burn out for God in a quick and fierce flame like saintly Henry Martyn, but ordi- narily God wants us to live a long and useful life for Him. We should not wilfully neglect our bodies. .

. . ." (Ezk. 47: 9). In this pilgrim walk stay 7. My wife has suggested – food, and I reply close to the River of Living Water, to the water with a hearty "Yes." The life is hard. It does that Christ alone can give. take strength out of one. Almost frozen at night.

4. Companions. One of the most important in some lofty mountain pass or scorched at noon things is to decide whom to take with you. Abram in some fiery desert, when the very air seems to started out with two weak companions as a handi- reel-aching muscles from descending some mile cap-Terah and Lot. He could get Father Terah high canyon, that would almost puzzle a wild goat, ("wait-a-bit") to Haran, but not beyond. Old one does need good food to keep up, month after Father "Wait-a-bit" had to die before the pilgrim- month, year after year. Pilgrim, be careful of

CONQUEST BY HEALING IN ETHIOPIA

your food. If your only food is the Home Journal ETHIOPIA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE and things of that kind, you will never get very In "The Chronicles of Ethiopia," the descent of far. If you never read a sermon, or the biography the original inhabitants is traced from Noah of some Brainerd, or Carey or Livingstone, or the through Cush, the son of Ham. "Aithiops (son letters of a MacCheyne, or a Rutherford, how can of Cush) begat Aksumawi," who is reputed to you have an appetite for heavenly food. If your have founded the Holy City of Aksum, the former Bible reading is neglected, so that you read the capital which the Italian army has recently capdaily newspaper far more than God's Holy Word, tured. how can you be strengthened in your pilgrim life Modern Ethiopia (formerly known as Abysfor Him. We need to be fed with food "conven- sinia) is called "the Hermit Empire," or the ient for us." Once when we were traveling on a "Switzerland of Africa." It is the last independlong journey in Africa, we got tired of our dry ent empire in the Dark Continent and is mostly a food and when we saw some men carrying beau- high plateau from which rise many mountains. tiful fresh fish, we shouted for joy. We bought Its area is about 350,000 square miles and its popand ate them, to find out later to our sorrow that ulation is estimated at between 10 and 12 million they made us very ill and until we recovered we people–for the most part very primitive. Politwere not able to travel. Much of what we read ically the country is divided into four great provtoday is like poisoned fish; we eat it and our inces-Shoa, Tigre, Amhara and Gojam-with jo.urney is halted, sometimes ended. .other lesser provinces under various chiefs. Heile 8. Endurance. Patient in well-doing. When Selassie (Ras Tafari Makonnen) proclaimed him- we rush about on aeroplanes and racing cars, self Emperor (King of Kings of Ethiopia) on the streamlined trains and ocean greyhounds, there death of Empress Zanditu (Judith) in 1930. He is not so much need of a patient endurance. It is is reported to be an enlightened Christian em- different on a mule or a camel, or on foot. The peror seeking the good of his people.

miles stretch out endlessly and a journey of a few The inhabitants are divided into numerous hundred miles seems endless. In five minutes in tribes, speaking some seventy languages and dia- an aeroplane I traveled recently in Africa as much lects. The state Ethiopian Church is similar to as in one day by muleback. The way seems long the Coptic Church of Egypt. The prevailing but it will not be so in retrospect. Only one life, speech is Amharic, with 251 characters. Their "'twill soon be past, only what's done for God will sacred scriptures are written in Ethiopic or Geez, last." "Be thou faithful unto death and I will a dead language, pronounced by priests but not give thee a crown of Life." understood. Many of the people of Ethiopia are 9. Early rising. Get up and meet with your Moslems and multitudes are pagans-ignorant Lord and then you will have strength to do the and superstitious. day's work, to reach the camping place, to the journey~s end, to the desired haven. Don't put it Among the Evangelical missions in Ethiopia off. Don't be a sluggard and lie abed. are the United Presbyterians who have twenty- three missionaries, located in three stations; 10. Many other lessons have been taught us but the Sudan Interior Mission with twelve stations, and about 75 missionaries; the Seventh Day Ad- I mention one more: to have an objective is the ventists who occupy three stations, the Swedish most important of all lessons. To be going some- Evangelical Mission with 18 missionaries, and where. Our lives are planned, but the sad thing the British and Foreign Bible Society. A Danish is that so many Christians never get into the Di- Mission is ready to send three workers as soon as vine plan. Many never get on the pilgrim way conditions permit. Most of the missionaries have designed for them, that will lead them to the goal elected to remain in Ethiopia to help the people he had designed, on the path that His feet have in this time of trouble. From an Evangelical trodden. Let us remember Him, who in the days Christian standpoint missionary work has touched of His flesh was a pilgrim, who had neither nest, only a small number of the people. The oppornor foxes' hole, nor even a tent, and who occupied tunity is great for the Emperor has given the a borrowed grave in His death. missionaries a hearty welcome and the people are Follow this Guide, this Pilgrim, this Wayfaring ready to listen.

Man, this Saviour. He will lead us on a road un- The Italian subjection of Ethiopia would mean like any other, and one that will be different from that the last independent African State will never that trod by any other pilgrim in its details, but have the opportunity to develop along African one which His feet trod before. Follow even lines. The winning of Ethiopia to Christ, and the though it lead to some dark Gethsemane, without development of the people on enlightened Chris- the gate to some Africa or China, or to some Cal- tian lines, will mean national progress of the best vary Hill. "Follow thou Me," said our Saviour type and will promote peace and goodwill in and Lord. Africa and in the world.

in the New India*

By the REV. RICHARD BURGES, England General Secretary, India Sunday School Union, 1896·1921 "THE most amazing characteristic of man- cent years turmoil and agitation have swept over kind remains today what it always was; the 350 millions of India's people. Has the man's inability to recognize the expected." chariot of God stood still in these years of unrest?

India supplies an illustration of this truth spoken Far from it! The government census for the by Lord Eustace P'ercy. For generations the decade ending 1931 shows that every day, during British encouraged the use of the English lan- those ten years, four hundred were added to the guage, lauded the free institutions of the West, Christian community, even though missionary fostered the growth of democracy and adminis- ranks were sadly depleted. Statistics do not mean tered regular doses of John Stuart Mill. In the everything but they show that the Kingdom of fly-leaf of "Liberty" by Mill the following quota- God is firmly established in India and they indi- tion was printed: "The grand leading principle, cate great possibilities for the future. The spir- towards which every argument unfolded in these itual power of the Christian Church, in the fu- pages directly converges, is the absolute and es- ture, as in the past, lies in the willingness of the sential importance of human development in its Church to cooperate with her Lord in the redemp- richest diversity." Wonder of wonders; the tion of the world and thus establish the lordship Mother of Parliaments suddenly woke up to the of Jesus Christ over every department of human fact that India was adolescent, and desired at life. Mathematics cannot supply a yardstick with least a prospect of wholesome independence. which to measure spiritual influences.

Each milestone on the high road of British In- Many facts could be rehearsed. Let one only dian history tells of advance towards responsible suffice. Away on the northeastern mountains of self-government. Progress has been slow but India are the North Lushai Hills, once inhabited sure. The Simon Commission, the Round Table by head-hunting aboriginals. In the year 1897 Conferences, the cooperation of the Indian the first missionary arrived. The seed grew Princes, and the desire of the British public for a slowly and secretly and at the end of a decade, "fair deal," all reach a climax in the new Govern- there was one church with 32 members. The ment of India Bill. While not underestimating Christian community now embraces nearly 61,000 the importance of other aspects, we will consider members or about two-thirds of the whole pop- the distinctly Christian point of view. Will this, ulation. The Presbyterian Church of Wales, re- the most momentous venture of Parliament, in sponsible for this great work, can verify these our day, help or hinder Christian progress? statements. Incredible, romantic; but true!

The Romans were good colonizers, built roads There is a saying among the Chinese that and endeavored to be tolerant. They tried to though no one knows how the mustard seed was balance the scales of justice, but the Jews never brought to China, yet today the mustard trees had a good word for them. They wailed and wept could not be rooted out of the land. The Seed of for freedom. Britain has given India roads, law the Kingdom of God was carried to India in ob- courts, colleges, schools, hospitals, irrigation proj- scure ways but the tree that has grown therefrom ects, etc., but India wants to be free. The British can never be rooted out. Principalities and pow- have sown the seeds of freedom. What is more ers will never, never be able to prevail against it.

reasonable than that India should desire to man- All that the churches have done through their age her own home? missionaries is but preliminary. Indian Chris- The living seed of the Gospel, planted by Chris- tians cling to them as their best friends, and they.

tian missionaries, has produced a great tree. are trusted by every thoughtful section of society.

About two per cent of the Indian population are One effect of Christianity is to enrich and de- now connected with the Christian Church. In re- velop personality and this new life has made • The writer was present in the House of Commons on July 30th sInenddiat hree·sltrlemsso.st Tcohme pcehtuerncthmesenofanthdewWomesetn must during the last debate on this "Government of India 1935" bill. mistReonyslavl eapssreenptarbatriionngsfotor aanneewffeccotinvsetitcultoisoen nfoear rlIyndeiaig. ht years of in- sl·onaries to the East. The BI·shop of Manchester, [522 ] at the International Missionary Council at J eru- instrument which will, in due time, secure their salem, said: "We do not go to non-Christian na- emancipation. Child marriage, infant and ma- tions because they are the worst or alone in need, ternal mortality, education of girls and respect but because they are part of the world and share for woman's dignity and personality, and kindred with us the same human need." The Indian subjects, will be sure to receive effective attention.

Church needs and desires assistance in producing Christians will continue to lead the van in these Christ-like citizens. This is the hour for con- matters.

solidating our position and for advance, not re- In the years ahead, the centre of Christian work treat. in India will be the indigenous Church and I be- Many Indians, non-Christians as well as Chris- lieve that at no distant date money disbursed by tians, seeking suitable education for sons and missionary societies outside India will be used to daughters, instinctively favor the Christian insti- build up the Indian Church, under Indian admin- tutions because of their high character and help- istration.

ful atmosphere. Whatever changes the Reforms The Rev. J. I. Hasler, B.A., many years in the may impose on education in India I believe that service of the Baptist Missionary Society, says: this disposition will remain. The Christian col- "During recent years the policy of foreign mis- leges, hospitals, schools, farms, workshops, wel- sions has become what is known as 'Church-Cen- fare centres and orphanages, seek to win people tric' and that devolution of responsibility, power to Christ but do not wish to secure converts by and work to the Indian Church, is encouraged."

unfair or "camouflaged" methods. The doctor, Signs are not wanting that a united Church in the nurse, the teacher, all seek to express their India is developing. Christianity need no longer love to their Lord, by using their professional be under suspicion that it is the religion of the services and personal influence to help their fel- "White Man," the "Foreigner," the "Sahib" or low men. Conversion by coercion, from one faith the "Government." No more need the Indian to another, is condemned by Christians and non- Church be confused with the traditions of the Christians alike. Church in the West. She will be the Church of The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, Met- Christ in India. She will be free to adopt Indian ropolitan Bishop of India, writing me as recently architecture, music, ritual. She will be free to as July 23, 1935, said: face and reform her world under the guidance When there was a peace conference in Dehli in 1923 and power of the Holy Spirit. She will be free when the Hindu and Muhammadan conflict was severe, I to make her own spiritual contribution to the was asked to take part in it and was the only Christian Church universal. "The Church," says Henry with some twelve Hindus and Muhammadans in the com- Barclay Swete, D.D., "alone among human somittee of that conference which framed resolutions. One cieties, has a Head in heaveri, and this is linked of those was to the effect that people were at liberty to to the eternal and infinite." By faith we can hear seek by fair persuasion to change the faith of others but not by material inducements. That expresses the general the march of the on-coming millions! feeling among educated people. Gandhi, I believe, has It is hardly possible to exaggerate the imporobjeeted to proselytism but I think that it is the proselytism by material inducements to which he objects. I am sure tance of the village in Indian life. The policeman that he would admit that everyone has the right to his can stop and direct vehicles, but he cannot stop beliefs and to change his mind. and direct ideas. Men and children, in increasing The Release of Power numbers, will see the pictures and hear the wire- less talks after their toil in the fields; women Under the Reforms there will be the release of from secluded places will also hear and see.

an Everest and a Niagara of personality. Slowly Motor transport is linking these villages. The the value of the electoral vote will be understood. cumulative effect on the peasant folk is enormous.

Then the power will be felt of 35 million persons Eighty-nine per cent of India's 350 million peo- at the polls. Fourteen per cent of the British ple live in villages, and four out of every five of Indian population will have the legal right to vote the Indian Christians live in villages. Beyond for their own representatives on the governing question the future of India will largely depend bodies. As a general rule the qualification for on village uplift.

the franchise will be payment of local taxes or Educationally the position of Christians is con- land revenue. The proportion of women to men spicuously high. The Christian community re- voters is 1 to 5. Six seats will be reserved for cently claimed 1570 of the total number of col- women in the Upper Federal Chamber. "A per- lege graduates, while the same community only son shall not be disqualified by sex from being ap- embraced 2% of the population. Numerically pointed to any civil post in India, other than such Christians are included among the so-called mi- posts as may be specified by general or special norities. If the seats for Indian Christians in the order." This puts into the hands of women an Legislatures are not in proportion to their num-

bers, trouble may be expected. The complaint is surprised if in this vital realm there is a tightening of also made that the fundamental rights of citizens official control. Christian institutions that depend in any in the free and full exercise of their religious be- measure on Government grants will doubtless be called liefs, and that the fundamental rights of minori- upon to accept conditions hard to be borne; a reduction ties, have not been defined in the new constitution. in grants is likely and an extended application of the It is alleged that some Indians mean to work the Conscience Clause inevitable. To maintain their freedom constitution, and then use their powers to turn and impart the education they regard as essential, it may the foreigners out, to stop grants to Christian be necessary for Christian institutions to forego Governinstitutions, and to try to smash the new con- ment grants, and even establish their own university. stitution. . . . But even here there is ground for confidence. Un- less we are greatly mistaken, the conv~ctiim is deep rooted The allocation of special seats for Christians in in the Indian mind that Christian colleges and schools the Legislatures may tend to create a new caste. have brought something of incalculable value to the cause Unimpeachable integrity is ft sounder qualifica- of education, and we believe that all who seek the highest tion in a candidate than mere nominal connection good of the nation will not readily let that influence with the Christian community. An experienced weaken. Baptist Missionary, the Rev. F. W. Jarry, M.A., says: Federated India, when it becomes a reality, will consist of H. M. The King, represented by the Some of the leaders of the Christian community have Governor General, and two Chambers styled the intimated that it is not their wish to take advantage of Council of State and the House of Assembly. In the Communal representation offered on the Councils; but the former there will be· about 150 members, have expressed their readiness to stand for election as elected by their constituencies, plus about 100 apcitizens of India, and not as representing the Christian pointed by the Rulers of States; in the House of community; and their statement made quite an impres- Assembly there will be about 250 elected and sion on some of the leading Hindus. about 125 appointed members. In debates and voting the truth will soon emerge that members The Joint Committee Report on Fundamental will not have reached their seats by the same Rights* shows the grave danger of trying to de- routes. Each elected member would have to think fine a thing which almost defies definition. It was of his constituency, while each appointed member found impracticable to draft a statement. The would have to think of his Ruling Chief. Rev. W. Paton, M.A., Secretary of the International Missionary Council, who has given the sub- Visualize the scene! With all the goodwill in ject close study, says: the world, the situation cannot fail to be delicate. What result may be expected? Democracy will The indisposition of Government to make statutory pro- grow like a palm tree. The great Rajahs will lead vision for the rights (}f minorities is simply due to the the way in the establishment of Limited Mondifficulty of putting anything into the form of a statute archies and Parliamentary Institutions. Then which is sufficiently explicit to be useful, and not danger- existing treaties will be absorbed, by agreement, ously static and formal. The Instrument of Instructions in a higher synthesis. All this may materialize given by the Secretary of State to each Viceroy and each sooner than now seems possible. Governor will lay upon them in the most explicit possible way the care of minorities, and personally I am convinced Dr. S. K. Datta, in the Legislature Assembly, that this is adequate. "held up the Indian Christian Church and its in- ternal self-government as the most real piece of I would as soon trust an able and just Governor as I democracy in India." In this spiritual sense the would a High Court interpreting a fixed Statute, or a Christian Church points to the key of progress, special Minorities Committee. and the Church can supply the amalgam with which to fuse the whole of India into a united Will there by any disposition, under the Re- Empire. forms, to take all educational work out of the hands of Christian missionaries, and to remove After many years as a missionary in India, I the subject of religion from the syllabus of all watched the sun setting as I leaned over the bulcolleges and schools? warks of my ship as I took my last look at my beloved India. Mingled memories and hopes held The Rev. J. Z. Hodge, who has recent informa- me captive. In the distance I saw a great cross tion and wide knowledge, says in his article in the on a Church silhouetted against the sky. I was National Christian Council Review (June, 1934, satisfied. The Cross is "lifted up." That is suffipage 281) : cient! I have no fear about the future of India!

That some inhibition on the free play of Christian ac- Grant, 0 Lord, that we who live in such glorious times tivity will be imposed is, we think, certain. Education, may be saved from pettiness and self-seeking, may be for instance . . . is something that bears directly on the filled with a gallant and undaunted spirit, and may be growth and well-being of the State and we need not be diffusers of light, invigorating all we meet, through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. • Paragraph 366, page 215

Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan*

By the REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak Missionary of the Methodist Church of England GOD has been wonderfully answering our Christ as Master, whatever befalls. So we put prayers in Hyderabad, When I first ar- these people off for six months. rived there forty years ago the ground When they returned home, they had to go seemed hard as iron. For several years we visited through the furnace. Their land was stolen; their the village markets, treating the sick and preach- water supply cut off; they were dragged to the ing the Gospel. Then, one day, an old man called courts on false charges. There was one continued, me to his house, and said, "Padre Sahib, we in ceaseless effort to make them recant and cry out this house want to worship your God. Yours is for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have the only religion that cares for the untouchables. entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were When your lady doctor was trying to save my determined to stop the rising tide. Yet it was of dying boy, the people looked on and said, 'She no avail.

must be a scavenger in her own country.' She North of the Godavery River, when I first vis- was the first who ever cared for us untouchables, ited these people they boycotted us i~ every vil- and so we want to learn about your J esu Swami." lage. We could see no one, speak to no one, and From that home, the Gospel spread to a thou- we could not even buy food. Wherever we went, sand other homes, and today, in that area alone, the villagers fled, as if we carried the plague. The tens of thousands of untouchables, have been bap- great landowning chief of the district had ordered tized after they have been thoroughly taught to this boycott, for he feared that if Christianity know Christ and His way of life. entered his villages the day of forced labor, by An old missionary of another church said to me, which he had grown rich, would pass away. Yet, "If we had gone on your plan and done the job as within two years, that very man sent runners a thoroughly we too should have a great harvest hundred and fifty miles, begging me to come to him. He had been ill, and when he had been given today." up as dead by the native doctors our young travel- For years we have rejoiced over this harvest. ing doctor had come and saved his life. When I Now, must we weep over it because of lack of reached the great Godavery River, he was waiting workers and support? in the midst of all his people; and there, on the river banks, we knelt in prayer. The boycott was For twenty-five years this harvest was entirely over, and today we have in that area thousands of amongst untouchables; but gradually the young strong Christians of all castes-and, best of all, people who have been through Christian schools the Bible is beginning to be read in the homes of have gone back to their villages, by their lives and our people. character have compelled the respect of those caste people who had always trodden them under- The Rev. E. L. Ananto Rao, a splendid Indian foot as slaves. minister (who came to England as representative for the Methodist Union meeting), is the moving One day a deputation of caste people came to spirit amidst this wonderful harvest. Each week me to ask for a young teacher. They said, "We his letters tell of more villages asking for the know he is an untouchable, but he is pure as gold, light. Are we to close the Bible to them? What and he has become our friend; we want him to answer will we give? come to teach us." Last December I attended his harvest thanks- This was only the beginning. That year, six giving when about two thousand people from all hundred caste Hindus from all over the country over the countryside came, bringing their offercame to Medak, and for three days they listened ings. All along the country roads there were and asked questions. Before they left they asked groups of people, the children and old women in for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderabad has bullock carts, and the village drummers going on always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one before. The young men had gone ahead to prepare unless we are sure he is prepared to stick to • From The Methodist Reco,'der, England, for the night meeting. They had put up a thou- [525 ]

sand lights, made of little burning cotton wicks, is not a penny for new evangelists, and that even lying in earthen saucers full of oil. These were those we have, living on one pound a month, must stuck on sticks, with a lump of clay, and they lit lose nearly two months salary in the year. up the whole place. As it grew dark the villages Is it possible that this great day of opport~nity for miles around could see the great Christian for which we have prayed so long, over which we "jatra." All night people were marching in with have rejoiced so much together, must now be al- their drums and their thank-offerings. The col- lowed to pass away, and that the golden harvest lection lasted about eight hours, for every man must be left to rot upon the ground?

and woman wanted to be prayed for and blessed.

Ananta Rao had told me that there was to be a great Communion service in the early morning; he wanted both caste and outcaste to come togeth- er to the Lord's Table. They have no church, and I feared they might be very tired, dirty and dis- orderly, for most of them had been up almost all night after a long tramp in the dust. Imagine my surprise when I arrived, to find two hundred and fifty men and women, mostly young people, evidently having risen before dawn to bathe and put on the clean clothing which they had brought all the way from their homes. The caste and out- caste were all mixed together, sitting on the ground, in quiet and perfect order. I think it was the most wonderful and inspiring Communion servic~ that I have ever seen.

To crown all, a whole family of high-caste Hin- dus came up for baptism, led by the eldest son, a village chief. Nine years ago he had come to say that he had been reading the Bible with one of our untouchable Christian boys, and he had heard the Master calling him. Even as this boy spoke to me, a great crowd of his relatives came to take him back home by force. For two days they stayed, trying in every way to get hold of him, and pleading with him to come back and give up his madness. At last, his mother and his family banged their heads on the ground in despair and began to chant a funeral song: "My son is dead, my son is dead." Nine years had passed since then; and now, that very family were standing there, all in white and looking so happy, all well prepared for baptism by their own son.

Such is the harvest waiting now for the reap- A PETITION FROM THE VILLkGE OF MAMDE ing. Is it to rot upon the fields? Translation-We poor villagers have heard of Jesu Just before leaving India a few months ago, I Swami the true God and we do not want to worship wood- en and stone idols any more. We have been bringing went to meet three hundred caste people in an- cattle and sheep to the Cholera goddess for hundreds of other village. They were all asking for teachers. years, but she has never done us any good. We have Half the night I sat with them, listening to them, sacrificed to all the gods but they have never helped us. as they tried to tell the story of Jesus and to sing Now our relatives have become men of Jesus and they are a few lyrics in order to show me that they were very happy, and their children are learning to read the really in earnest. One after another they started, Holy Jesus Book, but we have no Book and our eyes are and in a few moments they broke down, and blind because we cannot read. We. want to worship the stretching out their hands, they said pitifully, golden feet of Jesu Swami but there is no one here to "How can we learn, we have no one to teach us teach us. Can we never have the Holy Jesus Book for our children to read to us? Must we always be blind?

the Holy Book?" Please send us a teacher with the Golden Book. What was I to say to them? Shall we sound a Elders of Mamde- Bommerai Abe Bhoy, retreat? Weare told that seven of our mission- aries must come home from Hyderabad, that there Pichirai Poshe.

Crucial Issue in Latin

A Meditation on the Present Missionary Situation By REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Ph.D.

-4f Secretary Presbyterian Board o~ Foreign Missions, Author of . – "The Other Spanish Christ" and "That Other America"

T HE issue that confronts Christian, mission ural and inevitable expressions of the Spirit of work in Latin America is the same that con- Christ-the ceaseless urge to do good to every- fronts it around the world. To what extent one and to do all things well as Jesus did. But is there emerging in Latin American countries, the missionary's chief concern will be not to do on pampa and sierra, in teeming cities and forest good but to create doers of good, in whom the wilds, a community of men and women, who hav- same Spirit that inspires himself shall be regnant. ing given themselves utterly to Jesus Christ, have For unless these are formed, the outpouring of become members of His Body, organ for His life, the lavish expenditure of gifts, the idealistic ceaseless activity? How far is the Christian orientation of thought, will become one day but Church being born-that special community whos·e a memory. function it is to bear witness to God in the world and fulfil His redemptive purpose for the world? It is the emergence of an indigenous Christian The only absolute criterion of the success of community that is the goal of the missionary's Christian missions is the birth and development aspiring. Such a community, if it is true to the of that kind of living fellowship. idea that lies at the heart of it, will be a witness- ing fellowship as the early Christian community With Latin America specifically in mind, let us was. Not lovers and admirers of Jesus, or even consider three reasons in support of the position isolated believers in the Christ, is the missionthat the crucial question in mission work in that ary's goal. His goal is a community, "a fellowarea, as in other areas, is the question of the ship of the Spirit," a community of people, that Church. is to say, who have been recreated by God's Spirit and welded into a fellowship. It is not the hold- 1. Because the birth and nurture of an indige- ing of services that will bind them together, nor nous church is the supreme objective of Christian loyalty to denominational forms. They will be missions. Missionaries do not go to any country modern sons and daughters of Pentecost, which primarily as the bearers of a Christian civiliza- as one has put it, "created a community of sacred tion, even if there were, which there is not, a kind love which frees humanity from all limitations of of civilization which merited that name. The naturalegotism." The new sense of togetherness function of the Christian Church, here or any- which they have experienced in Christ will make where, is not to create a new civilization but the them natural successors of those early Christians creators of a new civilization. Missionaries leave who went to the utmost limits in the sharing of their own country and civilization, in order to spiritual gifts and material possessions. The reproduce, wherever they go, the community of kind of community which is the goal of missionfaith to which they belong, not in any merely ary effort will live a life in which theory and denominational or sectarian sense, but conform- practice as closely coincide as they do in the most ing the new community, as nearly as possible, to rigorous of communistic thinkers. Alas that God's ideal for the corporate life of new men and such a community is so little in evidence in North women in Christ. America or in Latin America! Yet it, and it alone, must be the goal of missionary efforts both' Needless to say, Christian missionaries will here and there. communicate the best and truest things they know and give of the best things they have to the people This fellowship will bea witnessing fellowship. among whom they labor, as they will also combat, It will bear witness to God. It will do so as one by all legitimate means,every form of evil among has put it, by manifesting a gift of "perpetual them. Schools of different kinds will thus appear parentage." That is to say, the community will and hospitals, and other institutions for the pro- not exist for itself. It will live for truth, beauty motion of public welfare. These are all the nat- [527 ]

and goodness in their manifold forms. But above plying that to become so is the highest of all goals, all things it will bear witness to the Word of they should do so by learning of Christ at the God, to the reality of a Divine aggression in his- pristine source of Christian knowledge in the tory, in the person of Jesus Christ, to the reality Gospels.

of the Word Incarnate, and to the equal reality Another element in the new mood of Latin of Holy Scripture as the medium in which we America that can be regarded as a true prepara- can hear unerringly the voice of God. tion for an appreciation of Christianity, is the It is perfectly obvious that just as a Christian renunciation on the part of many choice spirits, mission, though incidentally a civilizing agency, of that spiritual traditional indifference which cannot undertake the task of civilizing a country, has been so universal, especially among the culso a Christian community in a country cannot tured class throughout the continent. Many assume responsibility for all that country's needs. younger intellectuals in Latin America decry the Its chief function will ever be, as a model human traditional philosophy of life which kept those fellowship, to bear witness to the Gospel that who laid claim to culture everlastingly upon the spectators' balcony. They are now descending there is good news from God to man. from their marble towers of contemplation and A Widespread Yearning for Reality sensuous enjoyment of life to take their place as crusaders upon the road. Inasmuch as it is im- 2. Because the new mood in Latin America possible for anyone to understand Christianity demands what only the Christian Church can sup- who does not put to himself the question, "What ply. There are times in the life of a country, or shall I do?" there stands before the Christian of a group of countries, in which there comes into forces today in Latin America, an unprecedented evidence a deep and widespread yearning for opportunity to unveil the meaning of the great Christian reality. That mood is operative today spiritual crusade which began with God, which in the deepest soul of Latin Americans. There is, is being carried on by God, and to enlistment in to begin with, a growing consciousness in many which God challenges men and women in our outstanding minds that the true future, their own time. Many have become used, for the first time, and their country's, is in some way bound up with to making irrevocable commitment of loyalty to Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that the historic a cause, who formerly regarded with disdain and religion of Latin America has been guilty to a as mere "sectarians" any who linked their lives to large extent of a grave betrayal of Jesus Christ, a single idea or any single loyalty. They are yet that name, through the instrumentality of the ready, therefore, to appreciate the meaning of Roman Catholic Church throughout the continent, . the Christian cause, the Christian crusade. They has been written into the continental conscious- will not be satisfied with anything. that rests in ness. So much so is this true that one ventures mere forms or ideas and that fails to have a to say that there is an increasing longing for a great passion, a great drive, at the heart of ittrue undertanding of Christ throughout the con- such a passion and such a drive as lie at the heart tinent. The same we believe will be true of Latin of true Christianity, as that ought to be expressed America that was true in the case of St. Augus- by a genuine Christian community. tine. Having learned about Christ from his mother, no system of thought, nor way of living, The Breaking Down of Individualism ever satisfied him through all the long years of his spiritual pilgrimage that had not Christ in it. And then there is the new craving for com- These memorable words of his in his Confessions radeship that is breaking down the old individ- may be read as true of some of the most represent- ualism of the Iberian soul. A young Spanish ative men and women in Latin America today, writer has recently taken to task the great think- "For this name, according to Thy mercy, 0 Lord, ers of his country, Miguel Unamuno and Ortega this name of my Saviour, Thy Son, had my tender Gasset, because they have been too individualistic heart, even with my mother's milk, devoutly in their thinking and have not sufficiently stressed drunk in as deeply precious; and whatsoever was the conception of collectivity. The younger gen- without that name, though ever so learned, pol- eration, he said, is interested in corporate living.

ished or true, took not entire hold of me." It is What an oppor-tunity for the Evangelical Church for this reason that the Argentine, Ricardo Rojas, in Latin America to unveil to the eager thought says, in his "Invisible Christ," that he believes of new Iberians and Indo-Americans the concep- that the destiny of his beloved Argentina is bound tion of corporate living that is at the heart of up indissolubly with Jesus Christ; and that the Christianity, to show how the Church, and the ex-President of Mexico, Portes Gil, affirms that Church alone, is in possession of the key to the if Mexican children are to become Christian, im- meaning of life, and alone is able to produce that

THE CRUCIAL ISSUE IN LATIN AMERICA

type of character which makes true social togeth- the undertaking, yet this is hardly so. With a erness possible! more careful study of the mental attitude of the 3. Because only the Christian Church can suc- cultured natives, and a more thorough grasp of cessfully resist the new "demonic" forces that are the significance of the Message and the methods making their appearance in Latin America and employed, the missionary should find ways of elsewhere in our time. The liberal era is rapidly reaching every class and every individual with the coming to an end, that spirit which took up an Gospel. But the preaching of the Gospel has been attitude of appreciation or tolerance towards confused with the formal exercise of Christian potent spiritual realities. But in our day new worship. It has seemed necessary to the missionand terrible forces are making their appearance. ary to have public prayer, hymn singing, and Christianity is no longer being admired or treated Bible reading as essential accompaniments of each with patronizing or disdainful airs. It is being presentation of his Gospel message. Now, to the ruthlessly challenged and combated by forces native, to stand up with the congregation and to which are demonic in their nature, inasmuch as . join in singing a hymn, or to unite in public they are to all intents and purposes new religions prayer, is identified with a strange worship.

that usurp the place of God on the modern stage. The greatest hindrance of all, perhaps, lies in Fascism in its various determinations is the most the method almost invariably adopted in starting potent "religion" in the world arena today. It a mission in new places. The first step is to find assails Christianity and tries to eradicate it, or a hall and furnish it with seats, an organ, and a it endeavors to subordinate it to its own pur- platform. But this hall with its meeting-furni- poses. The State is the new god. Stateolatry ture becomes a real obstacle between the mission- is the great religion of our time. Ours is there- ary and the community. The native who thinks fore a period when one of the chief, if not the he is going to get some material advantage-edu- chief task of Christianity, is to offer a spiritual cational facilities, economic protection, easy em- center of resistance to this new deity. This it ployment, etc., may break through the obstruc- must do uncompromisingly in the lists or in the tion; but the average high-minded native, the catacombs. It is abundantly evident that no dif- man – and still more the woman – who would used Christian influence has the slightest chance make the most desirable convert, will not.

of surviving the terrific onslaught of the crusad- The foreign character of the missionary &nd his ers of this new god. They only have a chance of methods has become so associated with the work surviving who are a "fellowship of the Spirit" of the Gospel that thoughtful Peruvians who are and who, knit together in a common experience thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit and purand pledged to a common loyalty, will not bow poses of the Protestant missionary, feel themthe knee to this new Baal but will bear testimony selves inhibited from any identification with the to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ movement. Any participation in it seems to be and to His purpose for mankind. Think of Ger- treason against the traditions of their race. The many, think of Turkey, think of Mexico. In Peruvian finds it difficult to conceive of an edu- Turkey, alas, there is no Christian Church today cated native choosing to become a Protestant, alas the fruit of Christian missions. The great though it seems natural to think of the educated battleground of Christianity in our time is in the foreigner as being in place in the Evangelical parishes of the Third Reich. Mexico some months Church. If this difficulty is to be overcome, a ago, was in the throes of a campaign to eradicate larger percentage of the foreign missionaries Christianity and all religion from the conscious- must enter much more fully into the intellectual ness of the people. Only a living Church can stand in such a time. life of the native community. They must familiar- ize themselves not only with the language, but For all these reasons there comes a call to mis- also with the history, the problems, the aspirasionary societies at work in Latin America, to. tions, and the fears and prejudices of the people take earnest cognizance of the extent to which, through their efforts, living Christian communi- among whom they labor. And the missionary ties have been formed, which bear witness to God. must be prepared to alter his emphasis in the presentation of the Gospel so that while no less loyal to the teachings of our Lord, he may suc- . cessfully interpret these teachings so that they OVERCOMING HINDRANCES IN PERU shall appeal to the highest aspirations and the One of the greatest hindrances to the progress deepest feelings of the people to whom he has of the Gospel in Peru is the foreign element in the been sent.-From "The West Coast Republics of missionary and in his methods. At first sight South America," edited by Webster E. Browning, this might seem inseparable from the nature of John Ritchie, Kenneth G. Grubb; pages 91-92.

Bagby a Pioneer in

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Virginia Publici'ly Secretary, FOI'eign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention "THE most marvelous thing I have seen dur- and sugar cane. During the past half-century ing this half century in Brazil was the there has been a five thousand per cent increase bloodless revolution-the fall of a great em- in Southern Baptists' harvest crop for the Mas- ter in Brazil. pire and the setting up of the Republic without bloodshed," said Dr. William B. Bagby, the senior Fifty-five years ago Dr. William B. Bagby and eighty-year-old missionary of the Southern Bap- his bride, Anne Luther Bagby, were appointed as tist Convention. Many radical reforms-such as pioneer missionaries to South America. Sailing from Baltimore, they spent forty-nine seasick days on the small, storm-tossed barque, before they came to anchor in Rio de Janeiro bay.

Unwelcomed and almost unnoticed, they slipped into this vast country, studied the Portuguese lan- guage and proceeded to the strategic city of Ba- hia, formerly the empire's political capital and still the nation's religious capital. The next two years were checkered with danger and persecu- tion, problems and suffering, all heroically borne.

Dr. Bagby bears a scar on his forehead today as a witness to one experience in Bahia. In a small rented hall while he was telling the Gospel story to a few souls who had dared to attend the service, a stone was thrown through the window and struck the young missionary on the fbrehead. He dropped to the floor and blood streamed down his face. Calmly his youthful life-partner minis- tered to him and silently witnessed for Christ in that tragic hour. Even the Catholics were im- pressed by the courageous way in which this brave young couple presented Christ as the living, con- quering Saviour to hungry-hearted people.

Other missionaries came and the first Baptist church was organized in Brazil. Then like Paul, always lengthening the cords, Dr. Bagby turned his face to a new field, the great capital city of Rio de Janiero. In August, 1934, the fiftieth an- DR. WILLIAM B. BAGBY-TODAY niversary of the organization of the First Baptist church in Rio was celebrated. With radiant joy these veteran missionaries reviewed the years during which the nine Baptists for all of South secularizing cemeteries, separation of Church and America had increased to more than 50,000. In State and proclaiming full religious liberty for all, the same period the two small churches had grown and the recognition of marriage vows-came to more than 500 with 1,500 preaching places, with the new day. Evangelical missionaries have with 718 Sunday schools, 226 Young People's had a large part in bringing these changes to pass. Unions, 400 Women's Missionary Societies, 60 Christ made it possible to bring about the revolu- Young Women's Auxiliaries, 200 children's soci- ' tion without war and bloodshed. "God has let eties, besides men's societies, two seminaries, two some of us old fellows help to build new nations," training schools, two junior colleges, four acad- said Dr. Bagby. Brazil is often called the coffee emies, 48 primary schools, a publishing house, a cup of the world but the percentage of increase Brazilian Foreign Mission Board, a Home Mission for Christ is greater than that from coffee trees Board and a National Convention.

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Vitality in Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THE life of the Church no cause has been we have basked in their reflected glory. Do not more inspiring, none more uplifting, none as misjudge them, nor slander them. Do not allow unselfish, none more heroic than the preaching yourselves to believe things about them that you of Jesus Christ to the world. It is a solemn thing know are not true. Why do they offer themselves to realize that when the foreign mission service as missionaries? Because of adventure, or for a of a Church prospers, the Church is blessed, and "lark" or to teach mathematics? By no means. that whenever a Church is false to its world mis- Nothing but a conviction that Jesus Christ is the sion or disloyal to its missionaries, the spiritual Son of God, nothing but an abiding faith that He life of the Church declines. We move forward died on the cross to save the world, nothing but into every worth-while service as we move for- an unshaken assurance that He rose from the dead ward with Him into His world. and is alive today can lead a man to leave his coun- try, his home and everything life holds dear here There have been discouragements in the year and to bury himself in the jungles of Africa, or that has just closed, and we would not hide them. in the great cities of the Orient. Love of Jesus Missionaries have lived and preached the Gospel Christ sent them out and consecrated devotion to in a world in upheaval; in the midst of an intense Him and His cross and His Gospel keep them out rising nationalism; in nations in some instances there. They do not ask for pity in their difficulincreasingly pagan and antireligious; in the face ties. But they do ask, and they have every right of growing skepticism, even in the home Church, to ask, and to expect, our understanding symas to the validity of Christianity; in the discour- pathy, our prayers, our gifts and our love. agements arising from the spiritual condition of the Church in the United States. . . . Proclaiming the Gospel There have been discouragements – but it has The past year has been a year of outstanding been a year of encouragement and victory. Those spiritual victory on the mission field. First of all, who are closest to the enterprise and who live in the preaching of the Gospel and in evangelistic with it every day thank God for this victorious results. In the face of paganism and of wide hosyear in the mission field. tility to Christ over 7,000 non-Christians were won to our Lord and were received into the Pres- Let us begin by holding up the spiritual morale byterian churches on confession of their faith of the missionaries.

In their living and in their dying, we behold the in Him. Thousands more were reached and en- best that the Church has to offer. They resent rolled in training conferences and brought under being placed on pedestals, they do not recognize the teaching of the Church. In some countries, themselves as heroic, but in all their work they for example, Mexico, this straight evangelism of- reveal to the home Church the possibilities of a fers us our greatest opportunity. Listen to these victorious life in Christ. One missionary in India words from the Mexico Mission: wrote: "We have had many problems, many diffi- Weare convinced that from now on we must depend culties, always a shortage of funds and an inade- upon personal seeking of souls for Christ, and upon per- quate staff, but in spite of this the work has gone sonal dealing with Christians to strengthen and build them on." This spirit of perseverance and hopefulness up more than upon institutions or special plans of work. is also revealed by them when they come home on Our institutions have a rather uncertain existence at presfurlough. ent, but the opportunity for personal evangelism and per- sonal comradeship is greater than ever. We need to search As one who is not a missionary but who knows for new ways of making contacts and then make these and loves them all, I hold up our missionaries as truly effective in reaching souls for the Saviour.

those who have gone out from our churches and Rev. Norman W. Taylor, while distributing lit- erature to soldiers on patrol, came one day to the • Condensed from an address delivered at the 147th General As- highest point along the road and tried to enter the sembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A .• Cincinnati, Ohio, outpost. The soldiers were hostile and one fanatic tried to force him to leave the enclosure. At that May 29, 1935. The full address may be had in leaflet form from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

[531 ]

moment the Commanding Officer appeared. When the Bible. Rev. William N. Blair, of Korea, tells Mr. Taylor explained his errand, he called his men of the Korean colporteur who, laying down his together and recommended the literature, took life on the banks of the Yalu River a half century him to fifteen camps, and personally superin- ago, threw pages from the Bible into the air, extended the distribution of the Gospel portions and claiming as he did so: "Everywhere the leaves of tracts. In describing the results, Mr. Taylor this book touch the shore, a Christian community writes these thrilling words: will arise."

Since this work opened up six regiments of cavalry and In view of these origins, it is not surprising to three battalions of infantry have been reached. Of these, find church-wide study of the Word of God in two regiments and one battalion have been so thoroughly Korea and a Church whose activities are built evangelized that I believe practically every man has hail upon His word. What a blessing would come to the Gospel presented to him. I believe that I can safely the home Church if we could have Bible confersay, withou£ any fear of exaggeration, that between seven ences such as those in Korea, enrolling from 500 and eight hundred men have expressed the desire to follow to 1,000 women or an equal number of men, many Christ. Among the officers, one major, four captains, and of them trudging many weary miles to study the fifteen lieutenants accepted Christ, and greatly helped us Word! And hear this testimony from North by their interest in seeing that all the men had an oppor- China: "There have been during the year more tunity of hearing the message. requests than ever for Bible classes, more oppor- tunities for preaching, more avenues for personal This story, in one form or another, is paralleled wor~, more students in government schools wantin many countries on the mission field. Henry ing instruction in Christian truths. Along with Martyn in Persia thought he could die content if the inspiration of these open doors goes the dehe could see one Moslem brought to Christ. Hun- pression arising out of inability to supply enough dreds of Moslems have come to Christ during the workers to meet the demands." Over 140,000 past year, many of them undergoing great suffer- children in your mission fields were enrolled in ing because of the step they have taken. The Sunday schools, studying the Bible regularly, and great revival in Africa has continued. Enormous many thousands more were enrolled in Bible incongregations attend all the services. They come stitutes and conferences. in unprecedented numbers to the Lord's Supper. Before one can be received into the church he is The spiritual life of the national churches is required, ordinarily, to wait for two years of test- also manifest in a degree of sacrifice and prayer ing and training. the home Church would do well to emulate. The native Christians, during the year, gave in con- Recent Reports from the Fields tributions or paid in fees a total of $1,639,045. Only when you stop to think of their incomes can In India there has been an increasing develop- you have any appreciation of this sacrifice. In ment in the movement in behalf of the 50,000,000 addition to these gifts of money there have been outcastes who constitute fourteen per cent of the gifts of hundreds of days of labor. One reason population. They have been turning to Chris- why they give such large amounts is because they tianity and Islam until Hindus are concerned over are not over-concerned with budgets, quotas, althe power they may have in Government. locations or apportionments. Many of those churches have budgets, but they always look upon Two missionaries in Siam reported an interest- a budget as a steppingstone to something higher ing visit to a village in which were a number of -never as a goal in itself. The average Christian Lao slaves. Only a handful of these slaves had on the mission field does not compare the giving ever received baptism. The missionaries gathered of his church with its record of the previous year together these slaves and their children and talked nor with the records of other churches. He to them about Christ, distributing literature and simply asks: "Am I giving as much as I should teaching them the Bible. give and can give to the Lord in view of what He has given to me?" When that spirit takes pos- When it came to the last day, to the surprise of session of the home churches, we will no longer everyone seven men, ten women and twelve or report deficits, for our mission budgets will burst fourteen teen-age young people came forward and open with new spiritual vitality and power. expressed their desire to follow Jesus. And they are praying. A missionary in Japan The spiritual vitality of the Church on the mis- writes this description of the Week of Prayer sion field is also seen in the fact that it is grounded which should give us pause: "The Week of Prayer on the Word of God. Proportionately speaking, during the first week in January is widely obthere are more Bible-believing, Bible-loving and served by all branches of the Christian Church in Bible-living Christians on the mission field than Japan. The subjects of the meetings were those in the Church at home. The Bible occupies no such place in the life of the Church in America as it does with mission fields. Indeed, many churches in those lands were literally founded by

SPIRITUAL VITALITY IN MISSIONS

prepared by the Committee in London for use I also am a man. Just as I, a follower of the Great throughout the world, and the Christians felt a Physician, have been able by the skill of surgery thrill at the thought of their praying in unison to enable you to see with your eyes, so also as His with bodies of believers in all lands. I had a bit follower I am not willing to allow you to leave this of a guilty feeling, for I was not at all sure that hospital without appealing to you to accept Him the churches in America were observing the cus- who can make you see for the first time with your tom any more. The evening in which interna- soul." There in that room I saw a governor of a tional questions were part of the program was province rise from his knees and give his heart marked by some fine prayers, breathing a Chris- to Jesus Christ. Our work is conducted in the tian spirit of world-wide brotherhood and inter- conviction that all missionaries should be evannational peace. Remember that they are praying." gelists.

The spirituality of the missionaries and the na- This is glorious work in His name. What are tive Christians is witnessed in their recognition you going to do about it? Today all churches of the fact that there is no phase of life which is stand at the crossroads in their Foreign Mission not touched by Christ. Through our mission programs. On the one hand, we have a world torn schools and colleges, through the miracles of heal- to pieces, groping its way-yet ready for the mesing in hospitals and dispensaries, through count- sage of the Saviour of the world. On the other less movements for social and economic justice, hand, we have the Church hesitant, worldly, its through temperance organizations and antiopium mind on other things. In between, we see a rising programs, through agricultural rehabilitation, and generation of young people, offering their lives in through a definite program to put an end to war places most of us would never be willing to enter. and to promote good will among men, the mis- A few weeks ago there appeared a manifesto, sionary enterprise recognizes the power of the signed by fourteen students of Princeton Theo- Gospel and applies it to human life. logical Seminary, expressing their eagerness to preach the Gospel of Christ in foreign lands and Some years ago, while on a visit to China, I had appealing to the Church, to individuals or local the unusual privilege of seeing a man recover his congregations "to share with us the responsibility sight. He was the governor of a large province resting upon all the followers of Christ, to send who had made a journey of 600 miles to a mission us out as your representatives to proclaim the hospital as that was the nearest hospital he could message of salvation." find. On the day of our visit the surgeon removed the bandages from the governor's eyes, as he lay Lift up your eyes on the army of youth ready in the dark room in our inadequate hospital, and to go to the field. Then lift up your eyes to the he saw for the first time in many years, the blue fields waiting for them and, as you look, recall sky, the green grass and men walking. He arose these words of a great preacher of yesterday: from his cot, fell on his knees, and kissed the sur- "Our missionary problems will be solved when our geon's hand again and again in gratitude. Now, spiritual problems are solved, when we live daily the medical missionary might have said to him: in the sight of God. Our local church budgets are "Your Excellency, don't mention it. It has been bankrupt because there are so many of us whose a great privilege to restore your eyesight. Go spiritual lives are bankrupt. We count our houses, and enjoy your sight." That in itself would have cars, stocks and bonds. We count everything and been a Christian deed. But I have always hon- everybody-except God!" ored him for what he did. He said to the kneeling patient: "My friend, stand on your feet, for Let us count God and His Son Jesus Christ and go forward in His name.

BOLSHEVISM AND CHRISTIANITY Basil Mathews describes bolshevism as having the missionary spirit of a world religion "with a strong fighting faith, and a world program. It cannot be conquered by denunciation or derision. We who hold Communism to be based on the denial of the very root reality of the universe–that the Creator is Spirit and is Father-have a greater and truer faith, that conceives for all the world a full salvation of the whole individual, body, mind, and soul; and of the community which those individuals constitute. But Christianity can confront victoriously the greatest of all contemporary challenges-that of Bolshevism-if its followers, with unity of purpose and sacrificial heroism, live by that faith to build a world community from which the clash of classes, the war of nations, and the antagonism of races are banished under the sovereignty of God who made us all."

Galvao, a Brazilian

N EARLY fifty years ago Egydio Galvao was grew, the women coming from the best classes of converted and accepted the Lord Jesus as society-difficult work demanding a charming his Saviour. He lived in the country some personality. Dulce made, and is making, Jesus so days' travel by horseback from the City of Bahia. beautiful to those women who only knew to serve Immediately after his conversion, friends became images.

his enemies, and the Roman Catholic clergy was One day there came into the classes a young highly indignant. But Senhor Egydio bravely man representing. a well-known company. He went his way preaching the Gospel. He was asked to speak of his products. Thereafter he was seen on my front porch, late every afternoon.

Finally he said to me, "You know, Mrs. White, I am not coming down here every afternoon to rep- resent my company." To which I replied, "I know that, I wasn't born yesterday." He told me that he loved and wanted to marry Dulce. She bought a Bible, marked it and presented it to the young man. I heard her tell him of Jesus and His power. He came to church several times and then he said, "Its no use, Dulce, I can't be a hypocrite.

I can't believe; I'd give anything if I could have your faith, but I can't. However, after we are married, I'll never interefere with your religion."

Time went on, and they planned a happy future.

One day a cloud came over Dulce's face, and the next day she came to me and said, "I cannot do it!" "Can't do what?" I asked and she replied, "Oh, I can't marry that man." Looking up she saw the young man approaching, and she grabbed my hand, exclaiming, "And you've got to tell him."

"But," I protested, "he didn't ask me to marry him." I went with her. He smilingly presented her with a beautiful watch. Looking him in the face she said, "Please put that into your pocket and listen to me. I have done wrong, for I never should have fallen in love with you. I cannot marry you." The young man's face blanched, and DULCE GALVAO, OF BRAZIL he recoiled as if struck. "Why, why Dulce," he begged. With a white face, and a voice filled with beaten and stoned-almost unto death, but he and deep emotion she said, "Because you are not a his cheery wife, Maria, kept on their way with Christian. I know you have said that you would the Lord. Their children were given a Christian not interfere with my religion. But listen-my home at a great cost. One of the daughters, grandfather risked his life for the Gospel. He named Maria, married a Christian and established and grandmother, at a great price, gave my a Christian home into which was born a girl, mother a Christian home. My mother and father Dulce Almeida Galvao. Dulce was taught to love gave me a Christian home. Here I am, a third Jesus and to know the Bible stories, and at the generation Christian, a product of two Christian age of 13, publicly confessed Christ. She finished homes. I know what the Bible teaches. How her education at the Collegio Americano Baptista could I let my- Jesus down that way? I could· in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, and asked the Lord not have a Christian home with you. No, I must to show her a place to work. About that time be true to Jesus." She has recovered from the Mrs. Kate C. White had opened up classes in Do- shock of disappointment and now says, "I shall mestic Science in the City of Bahia, the capital of never marry unless it be to a Christian man."

Dulce's native state. Dulce was invited to teach Her life is counting in a beautiful way for the cooking and live with the Whites. The classes Gospel, among the better classes in Bahia, Brazil.

[534 ]

March of Events in

-eil.!oll==B_Y=KE=N_N_E_T_H=G_._G_R_U_B_B_,_L_O_O_d_oo_,_E_o_g_1a_o_d=~ll~ T HERE are factors in the situation in Mexico convergent process,es at work, even if at any given today which would make it inadvisable to dis- moment they are not clearly distinguishable from cuss certain of the present features and tend- one another.

encies at length. It is useless, however, to deny The chronological sequence of the more importhat during the last eighteen months the general tant of these events was somewhat as follows. On position has gravely deteriorated. More recently December 5, 1933, the reform of Article 3 was (and at the time of writing, July, 1935) there officially brought forward in the convention of the have been signs of some moderation in the anti- National Revolutionary Party held at Queretaro. religious process. As is well known, this reform substitutes "social- ist education" for "lay" education. "Socialist edu- The events of the last two years in Mexico may cation," although it has never been officially deroughly be classified as follows: (1) The Educational Reform, culminating in the re- fined in clearly intelligible terms, is meant to imply form of Article 3, approved by the Senate on October 19, in effect irreligious education. It is unnecessary 1934, and followed in 1935 by new regulating decrees. to say more on this very important step, as the point has more than once been referred to in these (2) The University Conflict, initiated by the protest of pages. the National Autonomous University against the reform of Article 3, on July 30, 1934, and followed by the closing of the Universities of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In January, 1934, the Six-Year Plan was pub- (3) Extreme measures in several states, initiated by lished. This is an attempt to draw out a coor- dinated scheme of government, forwarding tbe General Calles' public commendation of Tabasco on M,arch social objective of the regime through intelligently 29, 1934, followed on May 20th by suspension of religious ministry in Sonora and in October by similar measures in other states. (Last July, President Cardenas decreed directed administrative action; incidentally it enthe downfall of Garrido's power in Tobasco.) dorses "socialist education." A month later the Attorney-general issued a long circular dealing (4) The new open conflict with the Roman Catholic with the subject of nationalization of religious Church precipitated on October 22d by the alleged dis- property. Both the question of a nationalist polcovery of conspiracy on the part of the Apostolic Delegate.

(5) A moderate stage, initiated by explanation on Feb- ruary 16, 1935, that the postal decree was only aimed at icy, as well as that of education, were carried a politico-religious propaganda, and followed up by moder- stage further in March when on the fifteenth a ating statements of the President on April 14th and 15th. recommendation was made that the liberal profes- This stage was further marked by the revocation of the sions be reserved to Mexican citizens; while decree against the circulation of religious literature on June 25th. studies made in unincorporated private schools (6) In June the Cabinet was reorganized. Its two most were declared to be void of public validity.

radical members, Garrido and Calles, were left out, and On March 6th a new tendency became apparent General Cedillo, considered a centrist, was admitted. with the declaration by the actual President, Car- (7) On August 31st, a new decree on nationalization of church property was issued. It is more radical than the denas, commending Tabasco as the model state of one formerly in existence. the Republic. Later in the same month General Calles returned from that state and bestowed (8) As the result of a new radical drive to gain con- lavish praise on its achievements. The next state trol of the National University, the University's authorities decided to close and await for President Cardenas'

decision either granting or refusing further support. The to suspend all religious ministry was Sonora radical wing appointed a new Rector (President) on (May 20th) of which Rodolfo Elias Calles was Governor. A commission of school teachers from September 24th. The situation is uncertain.* These periods are not, in reality, so clearly de- Sonora had previously visited Tabasco. The infined as this classification would tend to show. cident is interesting as it exemplifies the appear- The actual events have overlapped and been inter- ance of the same spirit in geographically remote twined with each other. But in a situation as parts of the Republic.

complicated as the Mexican it is always an as- The educational question came again into the sistance to form some slight idea of the different foreground in July. General Calles made an im- portant speech in Guadalajara when he declared Ba*ezThCeamitaermgos, 6o,f 7Meaxnidco 8Ciatyre.-EkDinITdlOyR.furnished by Prof. Gonzalo that it was the right of the Revolution to educate [ 535] .

its own children.* Three days later, on July 23d, It is necessary to note that quite apart from the project for the reform 6f Article 3 was pre- these official actions of one kind or another, there sented to the Chamber. A week later the Na- has been a certain amount of general antireligious tional Autonomous University protested against activity carried on. To say that this by no means the tendentious nature of this reform. The Uni- has the President's approval, although it carries versity School of Monterrey was closed on Sep- the endorsement of one or two leading men, would tember 28th, and the University of Jalisco on Oc- probably be a correct interpretation of influential tober 22d, but by October 19th the reform had Mexican opinion on this question. In assessing been approved by both deputies and Senate. the significance of such propaganda there are cer- Meanwhile, on September 26th, another extremely tain facts to be taken into consideration. Firstly, important reform was passed, which limits the the enthusiasm behind any movement is always conditions of permanency in the tenure of the greatest at its beginning. Secondly, extreme higher judicial posts. measures advocated by minorities tend to attract On October 22d all the Roman Catholic churches attention and create their own advertisement.

in Queretaro were closed; there are practically Thirdly, the temporary significance of a move- no Evangelical 'churches in the state. Two days ment is often proportional not to its real value, later the religious ministry was suspended in but to the contrast it involves with accepted ideals.

Chihuahua and all Roman Catholic churches closed Ten thousand couples live quietly day by day in in Colima; there is also only a very small evan- any community, but a single case of divorce is gelical work in this state. After a further interval heralded on all the headlines. Nevertheless it of two days all churches were closed in Sinaloa. would be a grave error to underestimate the force The quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church and appeal of antireligious propaganda in the was simultaneously carried into a wider field. On world today.

October 26th the Bishop of Chilapa and the priests Anti-Christian Propaganda in Guerrero were ordered to leave, and the next day it was announced that an alleged conspiracy These considerations justify brief comment.

of the Apostolic Delegate had been discovered. Christians, in all parts of the world and in all Before the month was out this matter had been situations of life, must face the fact that propa- officially handed over by the President to the At- gative enthusiasm has passed from Christian pos- torney-general for investigation, and the Arch- session to that of their opponents. The maturity bishop of Oaxaca had been ordered to leave the of Christianity is being accompanied by a kind of country. Early in November the Attorney-gen- fatty degeneration of the conscience. The cru- eral found that cause existed for proceeding sading and even the prophetic spirit has today against the Bishop of Huejutla, the Archbishop of become incarnate anew, not in the ranks of the Morelia and the Apostolic Delegate, who were not, Christian Church, but in the camps of those to however, in the country. whom religion is a soporific and the Church but General Cardenas assumed the office of Presi- one of many institutions which have burdened dent on December 1st. Early in January decrees humanity with temples and priests. Even in a were issued regulating the subject of education in country like Mexico Evangelical activity is, with private and secondary schools. On January 28th certain exceptions, threatened with the pervasion the President made a public statement denying of a kind of nervous tension which renders a for- the existence of religious persecution. On Feb- ward movement exceedingly difficult. The anti- ruary 12th the use of the post was forbidden for religious spirit, although propagative, is in itself correspondence which "may imply propagation or destructive; it is quite false to suppose that it is diffusion of any religious doctrine." Four days responsible for social construction. It is well later, however, the Secretary of the Interior de- expressed in the words of Mephistopheles: clared that this prohibition concerned religious I am the Spirit publications that contained public comment or That evermore deny-and in denying defamatory attack of the Government or its insti- Evermore am I right-"No!" say I, "No!" tutions. On April 14th the President took occa- To all projected or produced-whate'er sion to state that the regime was in no sense Com- Comes into being merits nothing but munist, and the next day he denied that there was Perdition-better then that nothing were Brought into being; what you men call sin- any intention to attack the "religious conscience" Destruction-in short, evil-is my province, of the people; the Government was seeking only My proper element.

to exterminate "fanaticism." Since this date the A few of the broader aspects of the situation general situation has been somewhat easier. also require study. The Mexican religious ques- tion is a part of a much larger field of thought • I have given the substance of these statements elsewhere. See which must include the relations of Church and World Dominion, July, 1935.

THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN MEXICO

State, the threatened collapse of the world-reli- thought. How do these new circumstances affect gions, and the problem of human liberty in many the relations between Catholics and Evangelicals?

parts of the world. How far shall we meet them by emphasizing our The breakdown of Pan-Islam, the fall of the specific approach, and how far by identifying our Caliphate, and the disestablishment of religion in own problems with that of Christianity in Latin Turkey meant that secularism had successfully in- America, or the world, as a whole? What new vaded one of the world's great religions precisely light do we draw from these events on the work- in the regions where it was considered strongest. ing of evil and the powers of the Satanic? Has With the failure of the Russian Orthodox Church the day of "missions" in some parts of the world the weakness of one of the historic Christian almost ceased, and ought we to envisage the fu- churches also became apparent; a population of ture more in the nature of a world interchange of a hundred million had to be written off the reli- spiritual culture? Is there any reason to suppose gious capital of the race, precisely in a country that, in the face of antireligious fanaticism, the where mystical, and even religious sentiment to Christianity of today has a greater survival value all appearances had made a strong appeal. Chris- than Nestorianism or the North African Church?

tianity was no longer immune against the inroads Are our churches at home, in the countries where of secularism. The secularism of many countries they cannot maintain the personal link through dominated by the Roman Catholic Church has long missionaries and institutions, ready to make the been confessed, but that church had avoided an same spiritual investments as heretofore? Or is "official" collapse in any of its territories. But in our brand of exportable Christianity the type that Mexico it seems that such a collapse is taking can be stopped by frontiers and laws? How are place. Of the historic Christian churches, it re- we to meet the challenge that we have lost the mains to be seen whether Protestantism in Ger- emotional control of masses of mankind? How many will be able to withstand the storm. far is the institutional expression of Christianity an adequate one in Mexico, and how far may the A Test of Mission Work work have to pass through a process of "fraction- It is a situation which will also test the whole alization"? Have we, in our work of diffusion character of the work which has been built up and creation, anticipated or adapted ourselves to through the devoted labors of mission boards, developments of the Mexican's own capacity for their representatives and supporters. The Church expression – in fact, do we pursue a really inin China has had to face these experiences and digenous policy? These are a few, only a few, of the many questions which a situation such as the their effect was temporarily depressing, but pos- Mexican suggests. sibly ultimately beneficial. In Russia the evangelical community is different in origin and or- The present difficulties have not befallen us beganization, and little information is available as cause we are modernists, or fundamentalists, or to its real status today. In Turkey the Christian attend church rather than chapel, or retreat minorities were "liquidated" after the War by rather than camp meeting; but because we are political action, and the problem hardly exists. selfish men; because we have loved ease more But in Mexico the Evangelical Church forms the than sacrifice; because we have preferred ourmost important of the country's minorities. It , selves to our Church, our Church to our Chrisstands in close spiritual relation to the churches tianity; our Christianity to our Lord Himself; of the United States, and its future will be fol- because we have lowered the level of our aim that lowed with prayer and interest, and we should we may the more easily enjoy the complacency of further remember that it is Mexican example our success. These are the things that make us which is liable to be copied in the rest of Latin unfit to minister to the world's need, and from these we need to pray to be cleansed. America.

We should not suppose that the Mexican situa- tion is impervious to influence. If it deteriorates further it may well be because of our own inertia Four needs of the modern world are: (1) A reas Christians, and this should be remediable. But creation of individual Christian life, with an enorwe must identify ourselves with the universal mous increase of conversions in the church and the agony of Christianity, and not attempt to evade sense of the presence and power of God, with self crucified; (2) a new fellowship of Christians, noth- responsibility by special pleading, however valid. ing less than the fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) We must once more find the solvent for the world's a recreation of the sense of mission to reconstruct spiritual contempt in the agelong vicariousness of the whole of life, standing for a new life in Christ, suffering. By so doing we shall take the more with no compromise; (4) a better realization that effective, because much the more difficult, course. Christ is in life today and moving IUs Church.- Bishop Logan H. Roots.

There are a few questions which require

We Interest Men in Missions?

-411 By the REV. GEORGE A. BROWN Pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church, Elyria, Ohio THE whole problem of interesting men in mis- women and the children of the Church. More sions is, in its final analysis, a matter of than this, it is primarily the work of Christian interesting men thoroughly, heartily, and en- men to make Jesus Christ known to the world for thusiastically in Jesus Christ Himself. The en- when our Lord began this great enterprise He entire missionary enterprise of His Church centers trusted the task to men. The historian Harnack in Him, its living, glorified, has remarked of the first three ever-present Head and Lord. Here are some interesting centuries of the Christian era, As Bishop T. U. Dudley says, facts about a most important that "we cannot hesitate to be- "The man who does not believe problem in the c h u r c h. lieve that the great mission of in carrying the Gospel of Jesus HS 0 m e bod y said that it Christianity was in reality ac- Christ unto all men every- caoheualddna'tndbediddoint.e" sTo hhee Mweenn'st complished by means of in- Missionary League of the where does not believe in Jesus Elyria Church has been given formal missionaries"; that is, Christ. No interest in missions widespread and favorable no- by what we now call laymen. means no interest for that par- tice. The Board of Administicular thing for which Jesus tration of the United Presby- Why is it then that today the was content to be born and to terian Church has told of the work of Christian missions is live and to die. . . . Yes, no work in a leaflet entitled, HAn largely in the hands of the interest in missions means no Adventure in Masculine Mis- women of the Church, espeinterest in the Lord Himself." sions,tt sent to all pastors in cially in the local congrega- Athnedecrhsuornchsa. ys:AHs ItDhra.s Wce.aseBd. tions? They are doing a mag- The men we have in mind in to be an experiment, and has nificent piece of work and may this discussion are Christian become an accomplishment!' God bless them in it. But as a men, men who know Jesus Several missionary periodicals result many look upon the en- Christ experimentally as their tire missionary movement as a personal Saviour and Lord. women's undertaking, and not Only such men can be expected as something to challenge the to concern themselves about have called attention to the serious and active devotion of Christ's mIssIOnary passion, work, and as a result inquir- strong Christian men. At the and purpose, and program. ies have come from twelve Younger Men's Missionary This question of how to in- states, east to west, and are Congress in Chicago last May, terest men in missions takes at still coming,. The story of a delegate reported at one of least two things for granted: the League has been told with the group conferences, that a first, that Christian men ought encouraging results at Cleve- man, when asked to give to lealsnedw, heCrehiacnadgob,asAbekernonbroaanddto be interested in missions, casted over the radio. AI- missions, replied: "I contribute and second that men can be in- to the pastor's salary and to terested in missions. The only ready similar men's organiza- provide heat and light for the question, therefore, that calls tions are being formed in church; you'll have to see my for an answer is just how this other churches. wife about missions." interest may be generated, de- "Why are the men of the veloped, directed and made Church not as interested in productive of definite, practical results. Consider missions as are the women?" This very question first the imperativeness and possibility of this the Christian Illen of India 'Iare asking. Dr.

matter. That men ought to be interested in mis- Stephen J. Corey, President of the United Chris- sions grows out of the fact that the great mission tian Missionary Society, tells of conducting an of the Church is missions. Since men constitute, open forum in India with some Indian Christian in part, the membership of the Church of the Lord leaders, mostly men, who asked, "Are your women Jesus Christ, missions is most certainly "a man's and children interested in sending the Gospel to job," just as much as it is the business of the India?" When he replied that probably two- [538 ] thirds of the money for foreign work in his com- of prayer. The book of "The Acts" makes this munion came from the women and the Sunday plain as does the history of Christian missions schools, their astonishment was unbounded, and since the first century of the Church's life. There one of them said, "Why, sahib, we in India have was also a very definite purpose; after three un- always felt that Christianity was a man's religion. successful attempts had been made to get the men . . . Why are the Christian men of America'less together and to hold them together, to organize interested in bringing Christ to us than are the them around the missionary objective. Finally women and children?" In answer, Dr. Corey tol.d there was the pursuit of this end in the spirit of them that the women in America were definitely patient persistence which the Lord has so wonder- organized for the study of missions and therefore fully blessed. His hand has been so manifestly knew more about missions and were naturally present and powerful that we ascribe to Him the more interested and were doing more for mis- glory and praise of it all.

sions than the men who were not so organized. Men and Missions Sunday Why Are the Men Not Organized? Lord's Day morning, November 19,1933, marks This suggests the further question: Why are the formal beginning of this movement in Elyria.

the men of our local churches not organized and That was "Men and Missions Sunday" and the doing the same kind of missionary work as the pastor preached especially to his men on the sub- women? Here is the reason: In addition to the ject, "Missions – A Man's Job," based on Acts fact already stated, that this whole undertaking 1: 8. In closing he appealed to them to organize to make Christ known to the world is regarded as a real Men's Missionary Society, calling a meeting being largely a strictly feminine affair, there is for this purpose the next evening. Fifteen men the general and deeply rooted conviction that the met with the pastor in response to the challenge work of organizing the men of our local churches of the previous day. From that night meetings for definite, systematic mission study and specific were held twice a month, for a period of six missionary service, simply cannot be done. Even months, under the pastor's leadership, until the the leaders of the missionary movements of the organization was completed, May 21, 1934, by the men of our Evangelical churches are decidedly adoption of a constitution, the election and instal- skeptical as to the possibility of this thing. When lation of officers, and the appointment of commit- we were thinking of organizing a Men's Mission- tees. Ever since that time meetings have been ary Society in our Elyria Church, a letter was held on the third Monday evening of the month – written to the Secretary of the Laymen's Mis- a time found to be the most suitable time for our sionary Movement asking him for any help that men. The membership at present is 40, being he could give us in launching this new enterprise. about 60% of the men on the church membership Mr. F. J. Michel replied, "We do not recommend roll. The average attendance from the beginning the organization of men's missionary societies, has been 27, for the last year 31, and for the last since they cannot be maintained continuously, as five months 36, including several neighboring pas- is the case with the women." (Mr. Michel, him- tors and some of their men.

self, thinks otherwise now.) Beside the usual officers for such an organiza- The second point in our theme is that men can tion, there are membership, program, project, be interested in missions because they ought to boys' work, welfare, and social committees.

be. The divinely imposed command insures the Monthly missionary meetings include worship, possibility. The very imperativeness of this task business, an educational program and a social assigned to the men of the Church of our Lord is period. During the year there were five meet- the" prophecy of its accomplishment. Christian ings with special speakers, four were conducted men can be brought together and they can be held by members, and three were in charge of the together in a missionary organization with con- pastor. Regular mission study courses have been tinuous monthly programs of spiritual worship followed and our present missionary proj ect is and missionary education and service, with the the support of a native evangelist in the Sangla finest Christian fellowship and increasing devo- Hill District of our mission in the Panjab, India.

.tion to their Lord. It has been done, and thus This evangelist's inspiring name is Gulam Masih, the possibility is fully demonstrated by the Men's which means "Slave of Christ." Later we hope Missionary League of the First United Presby- to have some definite work in a home mission field terian Church of Elyria, Ohio. Weare now ready for we believe that "the field is the world," so to answer the question "How?". that interest in missions anywhere means interest It is not necessary to say that this work is the in missions everywhere.

fruitage of prayer, of much prayer, for every for- One of the most encouraging things in the short ward movement in missions has been the result history of our Men's Mission'ary League is the

marked influence it has had on the life and work that we covet above all things. But the responsiof the Women's Missionary Society. At the end bility for human leadership most undoubtedly of the first year of the League the president and rests on the local pastor more than upon any other treasurer of the Women's Society were asked this living person. This is what our missionary statespointed question: "Has the Men's Missionary men think. Dr. John R. Mott, writing of the work League been a help or a hindrance to the work of of promoting missionary education and activity the Women's Missionary Society?" Their replies throughout the Church, by means of local Men':=; revealed the marked increase in membership, at- Missionary Societies, says: "There are reasons tendance, interest, offerings, cooperation between why the subject of the world's evangelization the men and the women, willingness to help in the should appeal with special force to men, and to work, and the growth of the missionary spirit the strongest men. . . . This greatest work of the generally in the Women's Missionary Society. world languishes in no small measure because of During the first year of the Men's Missionary the lack of their initiative and aggressive support. League the Women's Society gained 500/0 in active It rests with the pastors to call more largely into membership, 3470 in general offerings, while the action this vast latent power."

thank-offering for 1934 was 43 % above that of Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1933. The total missionary budget offerings of who has contributed so largely to the success of the entire congregation for the church year end- our Men's Missionary League, says, that "Proging March 31, 1935, were 137 % over those of the ress in these matters depends more upon the enprevious year. The Elyria W. M. S. was given thusiasm, and devotion and loving persistence of the highest efficiency rating of all the thirty so- a prayerful pastor than upon any other person." cieties of the Cleveland Presbytery, for the work of the last year. The president of our local so- The great need of this new movement for "Men ciety generously attributed their high standing to and Missions," therefore, is warm-hearted, wholethe influence of the Men's Missionary League. hearted pastoral leadership. Such leadership a goodly proportion of the men of our churches will Encouraging Possibilities follow. The result will be the realization of such triumphs of God's grace and power in the realm This record shows something of the possibili- of missions as will compel us to magnify and bless ties of a real Men's Missionary League, carried His glorious name for what He has done through on continuously, twelve months in the year, in an us. When Deborah and Barak were given the average congregation, and with growing power victory over Jabin, king of Canaan, the captain and popularity. Clearly this form of activity, that of whose host was Sisera, we read (Judges 5: 2, some said could not be done, can be done, for it American Standard Revision): "For that the has been done. We know of other groups of men leaders took the lead in Israel, for that the people who have joined this new movement. In Novem- offered themselves willingly. Bless ye Jehovah." ber, 1934, a similar organization was formed at Let the pastors, the divinely appointed leaders of Ezel, Kentucky, and in May, 1935, a Men's Mis- God's people today, actually lead in this men's sionary League was formed in the Margaret Park missionary movement and their men will willingly Church of Akron, Ohio. We hope and pray for offer themselves, and will bless "the God that the largest realization of the possibilities of this doeth wonders." It may not be amiss to remind work in local congregations throughout the entire ourselves that in this same chapter (5: 23) we Church. The eyes of missionary leaders in other read, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah, communions are upon us and they are anxiously curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because waiting to see whether we really make good so they came not to the help of Jehovah, to the h~lp that they may know whether to adopt the plan. of Jehovah against the mighty." Mr. Fred J. Michel, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, says: "I am so glad that the United Here, then, is our challenge. What are we go- Presbyterian Church has taken the matter up. In ing to do about it? If the men of our churches the measure in which it will succeed, we may hope ought to be aroused to a greater interest in Chrisfor the adoption of the plan by other denomina- tian missions, and if their organization into their tions." own missionary societies is not only possible but practicable, and if the responsibility rests upon If this work is to succeed, who is primarily re- us, the pastors, how can we be true to ourselves, sponsible for it? On the divine side it is the work true to our men, true to the unevangelized multiof the Spirit of God and we need to give to Him, tudes of the world, and above all true to our Lord the great Executive of the Godhead in this age of Himself, unless we do all in our power to realize grace, His rightful place in this whole undertak- this definite, spiritual, missionary objective? And ing. It is His presence, and power, and presi- "We can do it, if we will"; or better, "He can do dency in this promising missionary movement

THE GERMAN NEO-PAGAN FAITH MOVEMENT

it, if we will." Shall we not, then, in the face of and Saviour Jesus Christ. In the words of our the world's need of Christ, and with His command Men's Missionary League Rallying Song: ringing in our ears to "go, and preach the Gospel to every creature," and as the natural expression Came now, ye Christian men, of our own life in Him, with our whole heart, an- Obey your Lord's command; swer this call and challenge by saying, "By thy grace we will." Pray Him to send forth laborers In this and every land. What better time is there to begin this work than on the coming "Men and Missions Sunday," Present your gifts to Him, November 17, 1935? Let each pastor preach that Your silver and your gold; day to men, more earnestly than ever before, to show that "Missions Is a Man's Job." Then call But first of all, yourself He asks, a meeting for the organization of a Men's Mis- That He your life may mold. sionary League; pray, plan, proceed as the Holy Spirit may lead. God will touch men's hearts and Go forth, Ye Christian Men, the fruitage will be great. May God give you such Proclaim His name abroad; an experience, for the sake of His Son, our Lord That sinners far and near, may come To know the Son of God.

He gave His life for you, His precious blood He shed; Serve Him who saves you by His grace, The Church's Living Head.

The German Neo–Pagan Faith Movement By REV. W. O. LEWIS, D.D. I~­ European Representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society I T HE main facts about the religious controversy Hauer was born in 1881. As a young man he in Germany are well known and many have worked as a stonemason and so came into close heard about the movement in the Evangelical . contact with many irreligious people, but he also Church which calls itself "German Christian." knew certain pious folk who had considerable in- The press has also reported the speeches of Gen- fluence on him. He decided to become a mission- eral Ludendorff in which he prides himself on ary and entered the training school of the Basel the fact that he is in no sense a Christian. Most Missionary Society. Being exceedingly gifted, he of those who direct the affairs of the "Third soon mastered all his teachers had to offer him Reich" have broken more or less with Christian- and went to India as a teacher in a high school.

ity. But relatively little is known of what is prob- He has since stated that when the Missionary So- ably the most serious of the Neo-Pagan organiza- ciety offered to send him to India, he told the tions, The German Faith Movement (Deutsche directors he was not sure that he was a Christian Glaubensbewegung). and some of the older missionaries objected to There were pagan organizations in Germany at sending him out.

the end of the last century and many new ones When he reached India, he began to study In- have sprung up since the War. After Hitler came dian religion and took up the study of Sanscrit.

to power, they were afraid they would not be Later he went to Oxford and when the War broke tolerated, but in October, 1933, they were as- out he was interned by the British Government.

sured that the new Government would not under- His experience during the next four years had a take to suppress them. At Easter, 1934, repre- profound influence on his development. By the sentatives of various pagan organizations united time the Hitler regime was established, he had under the name of German Faith Movement. renounced Christianity openly. His book, Deu- They met at Schwarzfeld in a natural cave known tsche Gottschau (German View of God) may be as the "stone church" which is said to have been taken as the most complete and authoritative ex- used as a place of pagan worship before Chris- position of the Neo-Pagan German Faith Move- tianity was introduced into Germany. Professor ment.

William Hauer, a professor in the University of This movement is already well organized all Tiibingen, was elected head of the organization. over Germany. An effort is made to keep the

membership limited to those who are sure they that Christianity furnishes a sufficient basis for know what they believe or do not believe and morality. According to German press reports, why. It is claimed that there are 20,000 mem- recently in large meetings, Hauer and other rep- bers in these smaller fighting organizations, but resentatives of the movement have openly as- Hauer himself thinks he has evidence that there serted that Christianity has not only lamentably are at least 5,000,000 in Germany today who may failed to furnish the ethical foundations which are be classed as adherents, and the number is said needed today, but has actually brought great to be growing. The movement has its weekly and harm to Europe, having prepared the way for Bol- monthly periodicals, and is already giving a sort shevism. They claim that prostitution and bawdy of training to those who are active in the propaga- houses did not exist in Germany before Chris- tion of paganism. They have adopted a ceremony tianity came. German Faith ethics can be best for the dedication of children to take the place of learned by studying the biography of Frederick infant baptism and also have pagan wedding cere- the Great and other great German heroes. The monies. Besides lectures and various public military virtues are exalted. There is a limit to rallies, they have pagan ceremonies around trees the sacrifices the strong must make for the weak.

on high places. Most of the leaders are educated In some cases they say that it would be better to and are men of clean, moral lives. The movement allow the weak to perish, and in many cases men makes a strong appeal to certain young men who and women should be sterilized so that they can- made the Hitler revolution. Hauer and his friends not reproduce their kind. The individual counts claim that the religion they preach is the true for very little, the State is everything. The Ger- spiritual and philosophical basis of the Nazi revo- man Faith approves of war and the joy of battle lution. This movement is now not only tolerated for the nation's honor. Along with courage there by the Nazis, but is even allowed privileges which goes a certain fatalism. The German Faith man the churches cannot get. They are permitted to does not desire the rewards that Jesus said the use the large Sportpalast in Berlin for their meet- heavenly Father would give to the righteous.

ings which neither the Protestants nor the Ro- The German Faith rejects the idea of human man Catholics can use at present. sin. While admitting that not even the greatest These Neo-Pagans have so far refused to put German heroes attained their highest ideals, there in print anything like the creeds of the Chris- is little place for any real doctrine of sin, of re- tians. But from Hauer's writings and other pub- pentance, or forgiveness. They acknowledge the lications, it is possible to gain some idea of what need of no mediator to bear our sins. Each must they believe. bear his own penalty. Men conquer sin in their Great emphasis is placed on race. It is claimed . own strength since the essence of every man's that there is an inner, spiritual side which cor- soul is divine.

responds to the outer distinctions of the various German Faith people profess to honor Jesus, races. There has been an age-long struggle be- but they state boldly that they do not take Him tween the civilization which Hauer calls West as model and leader. They simply do not see the Asfatic-Semitic and the Nordic Indo-Aryan which need of the Christian religion. Some may think has found its finest flower in the Nazi state. No they need Christianity just as some think they effort is made to revive the paganism of the past cannot do their work without tobacco. But they in its ancient form, but it is claimed that Chris- could do their work better without this artificial tianity is alien to the German race and blood and stimulation. The German Faith does not claim the period of over a thousand years in German to be universal and valid for all mankind, but does history between Charles the Great and Hitler is claim to offer something better to Germans.

an interlude. The ancient paganism must be mod- Hauer asks, "Have those who believe in Christ ernized and brought up-to-date. Eckehart and more power to overcome the difficulties of life?

Nietzsche are often quoted with approval. Have they more courage to face danger, to risk The conception of God seems to be a sort of position, income, life; yea to look death in the mystical naturalistic pantheism. He is the hidden face? Have they more joy than the men of the background of all things who reveals himself in German Faith 'z Is their life more real, more nature and in men. His highest manifestation is genuine, cleaner? Are they willing to serve their in the fighter and in the German culture. The nation with _more self-sacrifice? Do Christians German faith god is hardly a personal god. The have more peace in fellowship with each other?

world which is the manifestation of God is not to Let the Christian prove his faith by his works."

be despised. It is infinite and eternal. Man's Whether they will or not the Christian people spirit is a spark from the eternal. But there is of Germany must accept this challenge. Those no separate conscious immortality. who know Christ have no doubt as to the out- When it comes to the ethical side, it is denied come. There can be no neutrals in this struggle.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home ~,~================E=D=IT=ED===BY==M==RS=.=E==ST=E=LL==A=S=.==A=IT=C=H=I=SO=N='=G==RA=N=V=I=LL=E='=O==H=IO================~.~~ NEW PLANS FOR PRO- ning lamp; Look and Read-an tian Ideal for America," with open book with a pair of spec- the Spirit of Home Missions, an GRAM BUILDERS tacles on it; Look at Your Indian, a mountaineer, a Span- THE LOOK OF THE MONTH CLUB Church-rays from above fo- iard, a Negro, an Alaskan, a cused upon a church building; Puerto Rican, etc., in vivid pan- Under this title the Forward and Look at Yourself-in the Looking Committee of the Meth- orama, and a ribbon visualiza- odist Episcopal Woman's Home looking glass, of course! tion of ties brought from Europe Mission Society has brought out This last volume is really the to various sections of the New a year's programs of a unique first, being intended for use in World by explorers and pioneers. character, the calendar being co- August, as a personal preface The leader next dials on a radio ordinated with a tiny "library" of 12 pamphlets enclosed in a wherein all officers and chairmen as if in search of station WHMS shall take an early look at them- from which The March of Time neat case, each pamphlet cover- selves in relation to the impend- is broadcast, short musical intering the material for a month's ing task, with the plans, goals, ludes being used between the program. The "club" is launched courses of study, organizational brief talks of people hidden be- "with the high hope that in the specifics, etc., thoroughly out- hind a screen and speaking as abstract study of the develop- lined and explained. Each de- if from a number of fields on ment and progress of home mis- partment of missionary endeav- which the society is working. sions, the understanding and de- or has the mirror held up for its The closing announcement is, votion of our sisterhood may be accurate reflection. As it is im- "The WHMS Marches on!" The deepened and broadened." The possible to follow the details of organization of the society is specific theme is, of course, "Pi- all the months, a general survey next illustrated in a large Temoneering Today in Home Mis- of the September booklet is here- ple Chart placed on an easel and sions," each month's "look" be- with given as a sample of the explained by the leader-founing at some phase of the task. development, the worthful sub- dation of Jesus Christ, organiza- Thus the first month is a "Look ject matter and its practical ap- tions, conferences and boards as Forward" at the magnitude of plication. As with all its succes- the steps, missionary education, the work. The cover design sors, the devotional service is Christian citizenship, departbears a clear cut telescope. The fully outlined even to the text mental bureaus, etc., as the pilensuing months are: "Look and for the leader's talk. Then fol- lars of a Greek temple. The Act," with a spotlight turned on low "The Look of the Month"- central pillar is finance. This Race Hatred, Intemperance and 20 minutes' study of the home feature covers the second divi- Juvenile Delinquency; Look at mission textbook (which is thus sion as outlined in each program the Work, a pair of eyes being completely covered in the course and is followed by the social focused at long range upon the of the year); a period on Wom- hour in which a recreational' map of the United States; Look an's Home Missions, which is a "Before and After" stunt is per- Up-Peace on Earth, with a specific study of some phase of formed. With the women distar; Look Ahead to Youth, the denomination's work–dti- vided into groups of four or five, with a pair of field glasses on zenship, conference institutions, or eight or ten if the audience is whose two lenses appear a boy Christian center activities, coop- large, leaders are chosen by each and a girl respectively; Look at erative projects and the like; group and a certain amount of Your Neighbor-an open win- while the last period is devoted time is given for planning. dow revealing a group of people to a social hour whose details fit When ready, a group depicts a of various nationalities inside; in with the preceding study. locality before and after the mis- Look at New Occasions-a ba- Thus in September the devotion- sionary society began its work, rometer, the sun and a cloud; al service takes a far and wide the audience in each case trying Look Far in Cooperation-a look at the task through God's to guess what institution or misyoung woman looking through a eyes; the textbook study pre- sion has been represented. The surveyor's transit; Look To- views "Toward a Christian best demonstration is then acgether-mother and daughter America" in a dramatic sketch claimed as decided upon either scanning a book under the eve- on "Home Missions the Chris- by judges or popular vote.

[543 ]

Posters suggested as adver- ination may be laid upon this by 11. What can a Christian individual tisement for this meeting fea- officers or chairmen of corre- and member of a group of Christian tured pioneer scenes, the invita- sponding committees who then young people do to improve motion tions being on a sunbonnet give their outlines for the open- pictures in your community? pasted on a postal card, and cov- ing year's work. The president ered wagons made of match cements all together, naming the 12. Can you subscribe to the stateboxes to be used as favors. binding material as "the helpful- ment on p. 162 beginning, "The fre"!- ness of each woman in the tier of the new day is largely social" While the specific details 'of this attrac- church." If the boxes are cov- as expressive of the whole task? tive series are denominational, its funda- ered with gold, silver or other mentals are of so unique a character and fancy paper, the design will be 13. Record somewhere what you so universally applicable that any Intelligent most attractive. This plan lends have definitely determined to do about program builder could adapt them to her itself to an annual meeting in the matters listed in this course. own use. It is issued by the Woman's Home which otherwise dull reports are Missionary Socitey of the Methodist Epis- to be presented. "So Built We From the Editor's Scrapbook copal Church, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, the Wall" is the title suggested. Ohio. Price 50 cents. Capitalizing a Popular Hobby: Christian Youth in Action Hannah P. Miller, secretary for Another Year Book young women's work in the To an unusual degree this M. E. denomination, writes in a The program theme for the study for young folks may be new leaflet regarding capitalizwoman's society of the Alham- cast into the form of questions, ing the collecting hobby which bra, California, Baptist church discussion topics and the like. A enthralls all normal you t h was "Builders with Him" and few of Mrs. B. P. Heubner's as- sooner or later. Progressing the key verse "Come and let us signments as she taught this from dolls, pictures, books, pilbuild up the wall," Neh. 2: 17. book at the Lake Koronis, Minn., lows, spoons, elephants, etc., she The following is a brief outline assembly last summer were as proposes to call a halt on all of the meetings: follows: other accumulations until June 1935, the climax of the girls: Topic, "L a yin g Foundations 1. List some of the things wrong in Golden Year, meanwhile major- Through Reading." Presentation of America today. ing on "our little yellow envelnew books and the magazine Missions. opes" (containing the special 2. What are the attitudes of youth personal dues or gifts); $50 Stewardship, with the bricks of of your acquaintance toward the in- gifts from individuals or organ- Time, Money and Talent. ability to enter upon their life work? izations; names of new mem- What seems to you to be a Christian bers; subscriptions to Woman's Civic program, "Builders with Him attitude toward the situation? Home Missions, etc. Two prime for Good Citizenship." A temperance values stand out: (1) Friends program was given. 3. In what respects can the Church learning of the girls' new quest be said to have conformed to the will lend a hand to help make of Missionary program, "Building with standards of a pagan world? their favorite a Champion Col- Him Through Schools for Negroes." lector in the local or associa- 4. Arguments pro and con for sub- tional organization, and (2) Evangelism-"Winning New Work- sidizing or endowing churches to leave that whereas other collecting ers for the Wall." them free for their main task. hobbies are only for self-cen-· tered gratification, this one has Missionary program, "Building with 5. What is your community provid- an altruistic object in benefiting Him in Burma," Baptist literature ing for the leisure time of young peo- others. Even "collecting girls" and the Rangoon printing press being ple who cannot be in school? What for the membership may result featured. more might be done? in fine, lasting and serviceful friendships of far-reaching con- "Builders with Him Through White 6. From your own experience or ob- Cross Work," with dramatization servation, cite examples of interracial presented by the corresponding com- friendship. State obstacles and benemittee and a display of the work done. fits.

"Builders with Him in Our Church" 7. Would you patronize a Japanese -a workers' conference. dentist? A Negro physician? Enter- Various other special foreign fields were similarly considered.

"The luncheon feature for the year," says the Year Book, "is known as Birthday Partners. Each woman is given the name of a missionary whose birth date is the same as hers, and at the luncheon table (taking the tain a Mexican student in your home? sequences. Magazine subscripmonths successively) the women cele- Room with a Chinese at a conference? Are your answers free from race prej- tions result in a widening interbratin~ bring some news item or let- est with all its possible sequelre. ter from their birthday partners." udice?

Building the Wall 8. In the light of Chapter 2 analyze "Ships" for Toasts: The Col- your own community, considering its lege Ave. Baptist Church in Tois another widely adaptable needs, what the church or other agen- peka, Kansas, held a "covered theme based on the same Scrip- cies are doing to meet these, over- dish" luncheon using this theme, ture. The corner s ton e, of looked needs or situations, and formu- the table decorations featuring a course, should be Christ (repre- late recommendations for your young centerpiece representing a lake sented by a box of say 12 inches people's group and yourself. (silver paper) with a sparkling square), laid by a charter mem- beach, on which floated three 9. In parallel columns record facts regarding war which cause you to oppose it and why peace enlists your ber if possible. Then smaller active support. kindergarten – style s hip s of boxes labeled Prayer, Reading, 10. Has the attitude of young peo- heavy paper. Two were black Missionary Education, etc., ac- ple toward liquor changed since re- pirate ships with white masts peal? State evidence. Propose a pro- and sails – "Indifference" and cording to the departments of gram of action in dealing with the "Neglect," these being later run. work in the church or its denom- liquor situation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

down and overturned by the Mounted on heavy material, the ties, and dividing the crowd into third, "Friendship," flying the back of each picture contains es- groups of from three to five each, American flag. Small boats sential information about its give each group one biography. carrying cargoes of nuts and subject. Mounted on heavy ma- The groups then repair to dif- other foods were used over the terial, the pictures are suitable ferent rooms or different corners table. The leader's talk showed for framing and using as visual- of the same room and read tohow neglect and indifference izations in missionary meetings, gether their leaflets, returning must be overcome and replaced study classes or Sunday school after ten minutes and putting on by friendship in dealing with teaching and give personal in- their demonstrations, playing "New Americans." The toasts terest to descriptive or biograph- charade-fashion upon the names .w ere on "Interpretership," ical material. of the missionary subjects. The "Friendship," "F e 110 w s hip," counselor then collects the biog- "Citizenship"and "Partnership." Birthday Partners: A good raphies and asks of each group A selection from "the Ship of luncheon feature for the wom- any ten questions (except exact State" was read. The plan lends an's society is to assign to each dates) answered in its sketch, a itself to the theme for home mis- member the name of a mission- point being scored for each sion study this year-"Toward a ary whose natal day is the same query answered cor r e c t 1y. Christian America." as her own and have these wom- Should the other groups be un- en, month by month during the able to guess the charade in the A Missionary Reading Room: year, give some news item or course of the quiz, the perform- The methods department in Mis- read a letter from their birth- ing group scores ten points so sions tells of a plan used in day partners at the luncheon that its maximum score is twenty White Temple (Baptist), Port- table, thus affording a double points. "You see this makes a land, Oregon, going a step far- "celebration." plain game into a purposeful ther than the common use of a game in which some learning literature table in the church Business Around the Maypole: processes must be going on or vestibule, or some other easily some very low scores will be accessible place. Miss Nettie Johnston writes of a made. The game may be played plan used at the May meeting in through several meetings." "Ours," writes Mrs. J. Fred Bell, the Pittsburgh Branch of the secretary of literature, "is a down Methodist Women's Auxiliary "Missionary Footsteps in Ja- town church, and when the family car for livening up the reception of pan." This apropos program takes the young people to the B. Y. branch reports. It was in the was prepared by Pearle Bourne P. D., fathers and mothers must go setting of a dolls' maypole party, and is described in The Window then and wait an hour for the church the "dolls" being pieces of mail- of Y. W. A., organ of the Wom- service. So we feel that this room ing tubes about five inches long an's Auxiliary of the Southern fills a real need. It is a small S. S. dressed up in ruffles of fluffy Baptist Convention: room, easily heated and comfortably crepe paper and drooping hats furnished. We (the board of missions framing faces cut from maga- Poster suggestion, an outline map of the church) started a library with zines. As each secretary read of Japan with Japanese shoes (clogs) books bought for the school of mis- her report, she rolled it up, marching across it. Dse some such sions. We are subscribing to Missions pressed it into a tube and at- wording as this: "March with Mis- magazine so there will always be the tached the doll to a streamer of sions across Japan at (time and current issue on the table, as well as the pole. This pole was set in place)." Japanese shoes made into 'A Book of Remembrance' and free the midst of a lawn of green folders in which is printed the pro- leaflets. We are asking for donations paper and had a yellow paper gram will be effective. Hymns: of missionary books." "flower of happiness" for China, "Footsteps of Jesus"; "Follow, Fol- a real iris for Japan, a rose for low, We Will Follow Jesus"; "Where Forty Missionary Stories is India and America, etc., at the He Leads Me I Will Follow." Devothe name of a new book by Mar- top. The gay streamers of the tional: "Ye Should Follow His Steps," garet W. Eggleston-"true tales pole and dresses of the dolls re- 1 Peter 2: 21b. Talks on "Getting that have the heart touch and lieved the monotony of the re- Our Footing," "Our Footing in 44 that carry their morals without ports. Years," etc., according to the subject words. They are not of equal matter to be covered in the program. stimulus but they cover a sur- Charades for Fellowship: A Special music, "Beautiful Japan," or prising range and few readers writer in The World Call sug- "Hail to the Brightness." Other fea- will escape their emotional ap- gests after looking over the bi- tures may be: "Footfalls that Pre- peal. The book is particularly ography sets of the United saged Great Events," "Footprints on adapted for use among boys of Christian Missionary Society the Sands of Time," "Turning Shoes the hero-worshiping age. (Har- that charades should be impro- Around" (changing old non-Christian per's; $1.50, or through your vised to familiarize people with ways through missionary influence). own literature department.) the names of missionaries and "Getting Our Footing" may be a True- impart information as to what and-False test, the leader either hand- Portraits of Missionaries: The each one did. Selecting from ing out a written test for each mem- Baptist Department of Mission- the leaflets such names as Trout, ber to mark or reading the items and ary Education has a large collec- Palmer, Hunter, Weaver, etc., letting the organization indicate the tion of 10×12¥2 portraits of its having dramatization possibili- correct reply, as: "The name, Japan, missionaries to which it keeps was given by Perry when the country adding from time to time. was opened to trade. (b) By the Chinese since the sun came from its direction. (c) Because of its beauty," the second being correct.

~~I====~============~========~I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK GIVEN TO HOSPITALITY Jesus said, "When thou makest a feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; they have not wherewith to recompense thee."

Peter in writing "to the elect" urged them to practice "hospitality one to another without murmuring." Paul, in letters to the Roman Christians and to Timothy, his "true child in the faith," repeats the charming words, "given to hospitality."

The Rune of Hospitality I saw a stranger yestreen: as it unites us to Him and makes congregations who have listed I put food in the eating place, His prayers one with ours, will the members who would be the Drink in the drinking place, lead us to intercessory prayer first to leave and who would Music in the listening place; for all men." doubtless afterwards have "gold And in the sacred name of the Triune, stars" on another flag to be hung He blessed myself and my house, *** in the church. My cattle and my dear ones. And the lark said in her song, Let us thank God for the growing In helping its members "to Often, often, often, and deepening consciousness of the seek peace and pursue it," the Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise, need for peace, and for the personal Broadway Tabernacle Church in Often, often, often, knowledge of Him who brings peace New York City has made use of Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise. on earth.-From the Call of Prayer, the following anti-war declara- announcing the observance of the tion: -Old Gaelic Rune. Recovered by World Day of Prayer, February 28, Kenneth McCleod. 1936. "I have quietly considered what I would do if my nation THANKS BE TO GOD MAKING UP OUR MINDS should again be drawn into war.

Luke tells how Paul on his last Strange how we strong- "I am not taking a pledge bejourney "thanked God and took minded Americans who usually cause I do not know what I courage." know where we want to go, and would do when the heat of war straightway go, are now fum- mood is upon the country. But Paul in writing to his Chris- bling and stumbling along in in a mood of calm consideration tian friends in Philippi and making up our minds how to I do today declare that I cannot Colossre combined the giving of keep our nation out of the hell reconcile the way of Christ with thanks to God and steadfastness of another war. Evidently too the practice of war. in prayer. many of us keep our minds on the possible war rather than on "I do, therefore, set down my Father Fabian says: "Our our probable strength to find the name to be kept in the records own interests drive us obviously Way of Peace. I have heard of of my Church, so that it will be to prayer, but it is love alone which leads to thanksgiving. [546 ] There is little enough of prayer but there is still less of thanksgiving."

"Our knowledge of the Love of God to us calls us to pray for ourselves that we may be worthy of His Love. Our love for Jesus,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOlv.lE MISSIONS

for me a reminder if war should thority of the Foreign Policy As- sciences have performed a valcome; and will be a solemn dec- uable function in conducting relaration to those who hold to sociation, which has gained wide search which increases our recognition as a source of un- knowledge of human relations, this conviction in time of war biased information on interna- but their findings do not reach that I believe them to be right; the masses, and therefore have and I do desire with my whole tional affairs, but the facts are too little influence on public presented in popular, non-tech- opinion. The Foreign Policy Asmind and heart that I shall be sociation believes that the most among those who keep to this be- nical language. Each book con- useful service which it can perlief. tains about forty pages and is form at this time is to develop a new means of public education "I set down my name to make illustrated with unique pictorial which will secure a wider disconcrete my present thought charts or graphs. tribution and more effective use of the knowledge derived from upon the question of war, and The series is especially suited research. declare my purpose to think and to the needs of discussion groups, The project is being carried talk with others about it, that current events clubs and forums. out by a new Department of my belief in the way of Christ Study outlines and supplemen- Popular Education organized tary material are available to this fall under the direction of shall become operative in this William T. Stone, Vice-President and in other questions which teachers, ministers, and club of the Foreign Policy Associanow confuse our thought and leaders using the books for dis- tion. Mr. Stone is assisted by action." cussion groups. The books are Mr. Omar P. Goslin, as educa- tional secretary, and Mrs. *** published in two editions: a Phyllis A. Goslin as editor. Mr. paper covered pamphlet edition and Mrs. Goslin are authors of Since June, 1934, the General for organizations and study Rich Man, Poor Man, a graphic Council of Congregational and survey of our economic dilemma groups at 25 cents a copy; and which has received enthusiastic Christian Churches has author- praise fro m educators and ized preparation for "a plebis- a book trade edition bound in critics. boards on sale at all bookstores cite of our denomination to de- at 35 cents a copy. Released by Foreign Policy Association, termine the mind of our people" S W, 40th St., New York, New York. on four propositions or others The gravity of the world crisis relating to the question of war is one compelling reason for this and peace. The vote is being new venture. If society is to taken this month. solve the fundamental problems May God be praised that of our times without resort to under his guidance some Chris- violence, it must apply knowltians will be led to make up their edge and understanding more minds concerning the Way of Peace. successfully than it has in the past. In recent years the social NEW VENTURE IN ~.

POPULAR EDUCATION I Headline Books Offer Popular I Material on International Problems I The Foreign Policy Associa- FLANDERS FIELD tion announces an interesting The float, shown above, entitled Flanders Field, was a unit in the Peace Demonstration experiment in popular education, prepared by Mrs. J. H. Callister, and directed at the Northfield Missionary Conference, initiated this month with the Northfield, Mass., in July. For particulars regarding such a demonstration for Peace, publication of Headline Books. The first volume is entitled "War refer to the B1IIletin for November, or address tbe Editor. Tomorrow: Will We Keep Out?" a survey of the proposals for keeping America out of the next war, written against the background of our participation in the World War.

The object of Headline Books is to present the complicated and difficult problems of our times in a form so simple and interesting that they will be understood by the millions of Americans who don't normally read "serious" books. The material which goes into each book carries the au- ! Our World–wide Outlook ~ ~II,~,=====A=M=issi=ona=ry =Ne~ wsp~ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s =====~~ NORTH AMERICA Interior, and is expected to take can be a Scout or receive a com- from five to ten years to com- mission unless he believes in Human Relations Institute plete. The work will employ God. In 1917 a special edition of the Bible and of the New The Williamstown Institute of about 4,000 men. Rev. Roy H. Testament, bearing the Scout in- Human Relations meeting at Murray has been appointed by signia and readings on the Scout Williams College in September, the Washington Co un c i I of brought together Jewish, Cath- Churches and Christian Educa- law, were issued.

olic and Protestant representa- tion for this work. The culminating "daily good tives with a frank and deter- turn," which is the capstone of mined purpose to create a better Chicago's Kingdom of God the movement, came in 1934, understanding. The 680 mem- Fellowship when the President of the United bers of this Institute, while not States broadcast a request for a forsaking the cardinal principles Chicago is developing a "King- nation-wide good turn during of their own religion, feel bound dom of God Fellowship," with Anniversary Week. In response together in a common task of aims akin to those in the Fellow- to this call, the boys gathered combating the forces of national- ship sponsored by Kagawa: "(1) 91,863 pieces of household furniism, secularism, intolerance and The deepening of spiritual life. ture, 22,206 pieces of bedding, materialism which are alarm- (2) An educational program to 268,716 pieces of clothing for inform the churches and inter- men, 276,423 pieces of clothing ingly on the increase. The Institute was based upon pret for them the life, the Chris- for women, 266,160 pieces of recognition of the fact that while tian experience and social pro- clothing for children, besides fundamental religious differ- gram of Toyohiko Kagawa, and 79,617 miscellaneous pie c e s. ences must remain, m u t u a I to relate ourselves to the Chris- These supplies were given to ununderstanding and a working tian International Fellowship employed persons. cooperation can be established in that is coming under the impulse Now, after twenty-five years spite of them; and that interest of Kagawa's Christ-like life and of the Scout Movement, almost in mutual problems can sur- teaching. (3) The study of and 800 men are devoting their mount respective differences. the relating of ourselves to the whole time to its leadership. A outstanding social action move- training school is carried on Are Country Churches Dying? ments within our own churches near Mendham, N. J. and the cooperative movement This question is often heard, -The Christian Advocate. as a technique for world brotherand a Louisville Baptist minister hood." Quaker Branches United has worked out an answer in the following figures for Kentucky: A booklet entitled "Kagawa A breach of more than a hun- dred years' duration was healed City Country and the Kingdom of God" has when the two branches of the been prepared and is being dis- Religious Society of Friends, Churches Churches commonly known as Quakers, tributed. Dr. Kagawa expects talked, prayed and were silent in Membership ….. 18,677 18,675 to be in the United States dur- Baptisms ……. 570 1,045 ing the winter.

Pastors' Salaries. $39,573 $33,883 Total Gifts …… $201,606 $69,723 S. S. Enrolment. 14,897 11,692 Scout's Silver Anniversary the same New York meeting house. More than a century ago -Watchman-Examiner.

Another Cooperative Project About half the Boy Scout the followers of Elias Hicks, calling themselves liberals, broke Seven denominations are coop- troops in the United States are erating in the support of an in- connected with churches. Of the off from the orthodox section, terdenominational religious pro- organization's twelve laws, the and each Suriday since then gram at the site of the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of most fundamental is the twelfth, these Quakers went their sep- Washington. This support pro- which reads: "A Scout is reyvides for a religious worker and arate ways. The reunion, which helps toward the erection of a erent toward God. He is faith- took place at Gramercy Park chapel building. The dam is being built by the Reclamation ful in his religious duties, and meeting house, was character- Bureau of the Department of the respects the convictions of others ized by a quiet service. When in matters of custom and reli- the service and announcements gion." This has been embodied were over there was a filing out, in the constitution of the Boy a shaking of hands, a little nod- ding across the meeting house. Scouts of America, and no one [548 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Danish Lutherans Take Washington Chinese Church religious. The "Socialist" teach- ing of Mexico is planned to a Stand The organization of a Chinese remove all religious preconcep- Community Church among the tions from the minds of the peo- The Danish Evangelical Lu- 800 resident Chinese is one of ple. In one of the most populous theran Church in America, with the most interesting recent de- states, all school teachers must a baptized membership of 18,- velopments in Washington, D. C., sign the following document: 000, assembled in convention in and is a brand new enterprise. Danevang, Texas, June 14-18, The recent visit of Dr. P. C. I declare that by all the means in passed the following resolution: Chua, head of a private hospital my power I will fight the Roman Cath- in Canton and an earnest Chris- olic religion and other religions. I Be it hereby tian, has initiated this move- declare that I will not take part in ment. The purpose is to con- private or public in any ceremony of Resolved, That the Danish Evan- duct a communuity church with the Catholic Church or any other regelical Lutheran Church in America educational, social and recrea- ligion. in convention assembled fully en- tional features in connection dorses other church bodies and peace with the religious services. The Many mission schools have organizations in their efforts to se- church will seek affiliation with been closed and it is expected cure full publicity concerning the the Church of Christ in China. that, by the end of the present facts and forces of armaments, and The pastor is Rev. C. C. Hung, school year, the few remaining in their efforts to create an enlight- of Detroit, who has had experi- schools will close. ened public opinion against the out- ence in similar enterprises. rageous increases of current appro- Mr. Grubb found the followpriations for the war and navy de- Quarters will be selected ad- ing is a Socialist Lord's Prayer partments. . . . jacent to the Chinese residential being taught in one school: area. Subscriptions promise We condemn the traffic in arma- adequate finances for the year. Our Socialism which is on the earth, ments, the diversion of money from The few Christian Chinese are Respected be thy name; public funds to channels indirectly en- all behind the enterprise and are Thine influence come, larging the power of the military es- represented on its board of man- Thy will be done as in the cities so tablishments, the subtle basis of the agers. Many other resident militaristic setup and spirit in vari- Chinese have shown their in- in the fields. ous public activities such as R. O. terest. -Christian Advocate. Give us this day our daily bread, T. C. colleges, relief organizations, Do not pardon us if we pardon our and economic agencies of control, and the taking of excessive individual and enemies, corporate profits in the production of And lead us not into the hand of armaments. clergy, But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Anti-Race Discrimination Moravians in Alaska It is useless to contemplate sending more missionaries to Christians who believe with The Moravian Alaska Mission Mexico, but Mr. Grubb calls at~ the Apostle Peter that God is no is celebrating its jubilee this tention to the fact that as the respecter of persons must re- year. The most encouraging prayers of God's children turned joice in the action of Pennsyl- feature of the work has been the the tide in a similar situation in vania in passing its anti-race- eagerness to read, and learn the China so will prevail today discrimination bill. This law Bible on the part of the young prayer, and spiritual life canprovides that there shall be no people, the best proof being the not be destroyed by governments discrimination "because of race, frequent and intelligent ques- today. creed or color," in inns, taverns, tions they ask. Often the midroadhouses, hotels, restaurants, week services are entirely given Mexico's Women for buffets, saloons, barrooms, ice over to Bible readings. Eng- Temperance .cream parlors, confectionaries, lish is being used more and soda fountains, drugstores, dis- more; no new translations of the South of the Rio Grande, as pensaries, c 1i n i c s, hospitals, Bible were made by the Mora- north of it, the saloon or tavern bathhouses, theatres, motion-pic- vian Mission last year. is a focus of crime and delinture houses, airdromes, roof quency. Mexican pulque and gar den s, music halls, race -Bible Society Record. tequila are as cheap as beer and courses, skating rinks, amuse- wine in the United States. It is ment and recreation parks, fairs, LATIN AMERICA with real satisfaction that Presibowling all e y s, gymnasiums, dent Cardenas, of Mexico, welshooting galleries, billiard and Education in Mexic9 comes the women of his nation pool parlors, public libraries, in a fight against alcohol. "It is kindergartens, primary and sec- The new system of education up to them' more than anyone ondary schools, high schools, in Mexico is closely allied to its else to solve the problem," he academies, colleges and universi- religious life. By a recent said recently, "for the sake of ties, garages and all public con- amendment to the Constitution, their children and homes, and to veyances. This seems to cover "Socialist teaching" is obligatory see that their husbands and the ground pretty thoroughly. in all schools, including mission brothers make good use of the schools. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, money they earn. Women will -Presbyterian Tribune. who examined Government text- be gratified to know that they books prepared for primary schools, found them to be anti-

have undertaken a great work. prisoners throughout the world. "Christ-Believing Jews" In the case of extreme necessity," he warned, "I may even For the coming Christmas some For several years there has have to prohibit the manufacture been in Hungary a group of of intoxicating liquor, so that 25,000 English, and over 5,000 Jews who have never severed this work will not be in vain." their connection with their peo- The National Revolutionary foreign letters, each handwritten ple, but who, as Jews, believe Party is conducting a series of that Jesus of Nazareth is the radio programs against the and decorated and containing a Messiah promised in the Old traffic in strong drinks. Testament. The leader of this clear Gospel message, have al- group is Dr. Deszo Foldes, who Ecuador Nationalizes Churches is the president of the Hun- ready been prepared. Two garian Hebrew – Christian Al- A decree was issued on Oc- liance. He has just published a tober 15th· nationalizing Ecua- prisons in the United States each book in which he relates his exdorean churches. It was an- perience on entering the Chrisnounced that another dec r e e are to receive 5,000 letters; the tian life, and his later efforts to would be issued nationalizing the advance Christ's cause among clergy. total number sent to North his own people. Among the rea- sons given for the establishment In 1869 tithes on farm produce America is over 24,000, while of "The Union of Hungarian for the support of the Roman Christ-Believing Jews" are the Catholic Church were abolished, about 600 in Spanish go to following: and a tax was substituted. In 1902, civil marriage was per- South America. Weare Christ-believing Jews bemitted and two years later the cause we believe in Jesus Christ. Church was placed under State Letters in several languages With all the strength of our soul and control. with all conviction of mind, we be- are being prepared for India. lieve and confess that He, Jesus of Plans for Amazon Basin Nazareth, is the one who, in accord- There are also requests for sev- ance with the promises of God through The vastness of the Amazon the great and holy prophets of our basin, and the apparently un- eral hundred Christmas letters Jewish people, was to come, and, by limited possibilities of its future His own sacrifice, to save His own bedevelopment have engaged the for use by prison wardens in loved people as well as all other sinattention of missionary agencies. ful lost souls, from their condemna- . It is said that this basin could India. -The Christian. tion, the death of sin. support 500,000,000 people, so immense are its natural re- Italy Needs Help We call ourselves Christ-believing sources. It seems beyond ques- Jews because we are children of the tion that its development will The Spezia Mission in Italy Jewish people and remain so, for we come within a generation or two. scrupulously keeps outside all are not willed to loosen the ties of With such possibilities in mind, political and military questions. union with our Jewish brothers, but Presbyterian forces of Brazil Its hands are full caring for rather desire to cultivate and foster have been contemplating the in- souls in its many sided work. It these ties. We cannot see a solution auguration of an evangelical is anxious that in the present of the Jewish question except by spirwork along the river, in order to crisis the needs of orphaned chil- itual renaissance through acceptance gain the advantage of being on dren should not be forgotten. of the New Testament without the the scene from the beginning. The Girls' Orphanage has been surrender of Jewish individuality. The plan calls for the coopera- at work for more than half a tion of the Brazilian Presby- century, while an orphanage for -Alliance Weekly. terian Church and the Northern boys is nearing completion. and Southern Presbyterian mis- While Rome, using the political Evangelism in Norway sions joining in itinerary work crisis, is seeking to crush the that would carry the Gospel up Spezia Mission, the workers feel About twenty-five years ago and down the river by boat to that the present situation fur- a revival in Norway laid the the widely scattered communi- nishes a definite opportunity to foundations of the greater evanties. -Christian Observer. proclaim the cause of Christ to gelical and missionary z e a I the Italian people. shown by that country as com- EUROPE pared with the other two Scan- -The Christian. dinavian lands. Today a strong Christmas Letters for evangelical movement is in evi- Prisoners Campaign in Corsica dence, especially among the stu- dents. Two years ago a Swedish Great Britain has groups of The Camps and Tours Union evangelist set up a Gospel tent voluntary helpers engaged in has held a series of ten evan- in Oslo for a series of meetings, preparing Christmas letters to gelistic meetings in isolated and the demand for evangelist'ic mountain villages of the Island services has been so sustained of Corsica. So far as known, that he is still there. The people not one Protestant was present; hunger for the Gospel. the average attendance of 30 was entirely Roman Catholic. Nearly all the population (2,- French Testaments, Gospels and 649,775) belongs to the Lutheran tracts were accepted readily by all those present, most of whom had never seen a Bible. At one meeting the people asked for an explanation of the difference be- tween Catholic and Protestant belief. Personal talks, explana- 1:!ion of texts and prayer had definite results among those of every walk in life.

-Life of Faith.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, within which this evan- Rev. G. Guenod, which deserves Missionaries Help Ethiopia wider circulation. We quote: gelical movement finds its home. American missionary doctors The country is strongly Prot- The steamer which is taking and nurses are planning to reestant, having only 3,000 Roman us to the Cameroon made a stop main in Ethiopia, in case of war at Algiers and then at Casa- Catholics. Only 800,000 of the blanca. In the first named place with Italy, in order that they population of Norway live in we passed the Depot of the Brit- may aid the wounded and ill. cities. The country population ish Bible Society. In 1934 there is very scattered, the average were distributed and sold, copies Dr. Robert W. Hockman, a density being only twenty-two of the Bible and New Testaments medical missionary, is reported to the number of 66,614 copies. people to the square mile. recently to have left for the -The Christian. frontier with five tons of Ethio- pian Red Cross supplies, includ- This work employs seven colpor- ing operating tables, stretchers AFRIOA teurs, both among Europeans and tents. He was accompanied and natives. The agency in Al- by Dr. Malaku Bayen, Ethiopian Changes Under Way giers is able to supply the Word husband of the daughter of the Nothing that is happening in of God in nearly 60 different President of Howard Univer- Egypt, and, in fact, in all Mos- languages. sity, Washington, and 100 native lem countries, seems more sig- Casablanca is a prodigious assistants. nificant than men's awakening city which was not in existence Dr. Tom A. Lambie, field dito the desirability of educating before 1907! It contains so rector of the Ethiopian Mission, women for a place in society many things to see, among them a part of the Sudan Interior Missimilar to that in the West. "Bidonville," the "zone," the sion with headquarters in To- Arabic papers frequently pub- name of which indicates its mis- ronto, is organizing the Red lish articles on the subject, some erable appearance. of which have been translated Cross. Dr. Esther Bergman into English. At a Rotary Club "ladies night" recently in Cairo Contrary to appearances about and Dr. Tesla Nicola, both of Los there were several Mohammedan 10,000 Moslems swarm about the Angeles, and other missionary members present, including the place. Our arrival was marked doctors, will convert their hospresident of the club; but not by the Aid-el-Kebir, the great pitals into institutions for war one Mohammedan lady came day of the "mutton feast." wounded. American w 0 men with her husband. The example Every family kills a sheep, and have also volunteered their servset by the Palace, where the everywhere from u n d e r the ices in making bandages and Queen is kept in complete se- doors of the little yards flow splints. clusion so far as mixed com- little streams of blood which feed pany is concerned, tends to keep the ill-smelling mud of the Foreigners in Addis Ababa back the older leaders of the streets. This does not prevent (pronounced A'ddis A'hwahwa) community from following new the crowd from strutting about fear air raids and gas attacks social ways. in magnificent holiday attire. It most; except for a few anti- happens to be at the same time aircraft guns, the capital is un- -Wilbert B. Smith. the Jewish Sabbath. prepared for such attacks. Few are equipped with gas masks The Gospel Welcomed At the "House of the Bible" which an enterprising German we had the good fortune to meet merchant is selling at $40 each. The Church Missionary So- Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, the ciety reports a marked change in The British Legation, which is Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan, in Scotch colporteur of the desert. on a full wartime footing and is the attitude to Christianity. For more than thirty years he equipped with subterranean dug- There is a growing interest and outs; the German Legation has readiness to listen, evidenced by has been traversing the Sudan bomb-proof shelters but the the large attendance at meet- and the Sahara in every direc- United States Legation has no ings where the speakers included tion. He is particularly inter- such protection. an Armenian, an American, an Egyptian, an Englishman and a ested in the Tuaregs and has French Government Donation Sudanese. Simple Christian teaching is welcomed in the hos- written about them and his After the aeroplane accident pitals, although not a few draw trips some gripping stories. in Congo BeIge, which cost the back when they realize what is lives of Governor General and involved in an open acceptance Mr. Campbell was just about Madame Renard, the French of Christ. -Life of Faith. Government acknowledged the to start on a new tour. It takes service rendered by Baptist Mis- him about two years and a half. sionaries at Bolobo and Tshum- He needs to buy eight or nine biri by sending a donation to- camels on which he will load his small parcels and hundreds of kilos of Gospels (which are pub- The Bible in North Africa lished in his own Targui trans- ward the work of these stations. lation). He is always in danger After paying the costs in- The Journal des Missions of a bullet from a fierce, but un- curred, the missionaries plan to Evangeliques publishes a letter seen Chleuh, but the cover of apply the money toward ur- gently needed new buildings-at from one of its missionaries, the God will protect him.

Bolobo, new classrooms for Ayia Sofia, is to be turned into a zation. An Indian lady from teacher training and girls' dor- public library. Lucknow has been elected chairmitory, and at Tshumbiri improvement of missionary dwell- Persia Makes Radical Changes man of the united organization. ings. -Southern Workman. Three Indian delegates were sent In addition to other changes Another Jubilee Offering in Iran has come the introduc- to the World's Student Christian tion of music (forbidden by the Federation, which met in Bul- From the chief and oldest Koran) with military bands and garia last August. While angrandmother to the youngest singing taught in schools. Relichild, everybody helped to make gious leaders have been stripped other contact is with the newly bricks, bringing timber from 30 of old perquisites, such as the organized Student Christian miles and sand from five miles right to witness all deeds for fat away to build an addition to the fees, the control of the huge Movement of Java when four church at Qanqu, South Africa, lands and possessions of the representatives of the Indian and thus worthily celebrate the church, and the right to inter- movement visited Java last Augchurch's fiftieth anniversary. fere in political affairs. Many Seventeen hundred people at- who have protested the change ust. India is also looking fortended the opening service, 700 have been imprisoned or exiled. ward with great interest to the of them communicants. Besides visit of the American Negroes the offering, a special gift was Marriageable age for girls has also been raised from nine to six- who are planning to tour most of teen, and the consent of the first the important student centers in India, Burma and Ceylon in the coming winter.

-The Christian Century.

presented to the Bishop, includ- wife is required before a second Revolt Against Hinduism ing seven oxen and several sheep, can be taken. Modern schools 400 pounds of potatoes, 200 have been established for girls The Associated Press reports pounds of sugar and several as well as boys; moving pictures that on October 15th ten thoupounds of tea. The Bishop gave are used in government schools; sand "untouchables" revolted all this back to the people and and policemen have been ordered against Hinduism by resolution a grand feast followed. The to tear up every old style hat after they had been addressed by building fund was sec u red they see. Recently the leading Dr. Ramji Ambedkar, at a meetchiefly by the Bishop of Aber- mosque in Hamadan was com- ing of the depressed classes at deen, after his visit to South mandeered by the department of Nasik. education, and the dome was Dr. Ambedkar urged them to Africa a few years ago. used for the suspension of a abandon Hinduism and adopt WESTERN ASIA Foucalt's pendulum, showing the "any other religion which gives Changes in Turkey revolution of the earth on its you equality of status and treat- axis, thus proving that the world ment." He continued: "I had the misfortune to be born with The Moslem W 0 r l d (New does move-in more ways than the stigma of the untouchable, York) reports that further rad- one. -The Presbyterian. ical changes are taking place in but it is not my fault. I will not Turkey. Bahaism Under Fire die a Hindu."

The new Parliament proposes to Iran is using governmental His audience heard the adtransfer the weekly day of rest from authority to suppress Bahaism, dress with marked enthusiasm.

Friday to Sunday. Primarily this is one of the greatest of peace or- Practical Christianity a change due to commercial, and not ganizations. This sect, perseto religious reasons. Money and time cuted in Turkey, found freedom Ten boys from a mission are lost on the Continental Bourse by in Iran, the land of their birth, school in North India put their Constantinople being closed on ,Fri- but an official proclamation has Christianity into effect during days. At the same time the change is now closed their schools. The the hot season by providing railworking to the advantage of the reason for this persecution is way passengers with drinks of Christian, and is another blow to the that their spiritual leader peti- cold water. They also helped old Moslem. However hard it may be for tioned the League of Nations to men and women, some of whom Christians in Turkey today, their secure for them the right to elect had never traveled before and position is in no way so difficult or a representative at the Persian were glad to have cheery lads distressing as that of Islam. Out- Parliament. help them with their bundles. wardly at least, Islam is crumbling. -United Presbyterian. These same boys, during an The Muezzins are forbidden to call to prayer from the minarets in Arabic; epidemic of malarial fever, went into the villages and distributed it must be in Turkish. But the call quinine, encouraged people to brings no general response; the old keep their bodies clean and to take other health precautions. In imam's voice, breaking on a top note, INDIA AND SIAM only calls forth mocking laughter. Student Christian Movement Ayia Sofia (formerly a Christian Church and then a mosque) has been The Student Christian Movereopened as a museum. The great ment of India is entering upon a discs bearing the names of the first four Khalifs and other like decora- new phase of its history, as it some places they showed lantern tions of a Moslem character have been removed and the old atmosphere has has been found possible to unify slides which suggested ways of gone. It is rumored that the mosque the men students' and the wom- maintaining good health.

of the Sultan Achmed, the one nearest en movements into one organi- -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Toward Christian Unity Learning to Live In and Around Malacca Dr. E. Stanley Jones is setting Rural reconstruction is mak- The missionary history of up in Lucknow a new ashram, ing headway in Burma. The for the special study of service Malacca (Malaysia) contains the and evangelism. He is an ear- Methodist Anglo – Vernacular names of three famous men. nest advocate of Christian unity, School has a rural bias in its cur- St. Francis Zavier worked there riculum. Boarding pupils pay and would combine all Christians 20 baskets of rice annually for for some time, and stories of his in one "Church of Christ in miraculous power are still cur- India," with many "branches"- their board, and do outside man- rent among his followers. Milne Syrian, Lutheran, Methodist, ual work certain hours. Weav- ing, carpentry and the like are started the Anglo-Chinese Col- Friends, etc., each branch keep- lege in Malacca toward the end ing for the present its old or- additional. Girls are instructed ganization. Over all would be in poultry raising. In the dor- of the 18th century. It was later an All-India General Assembly mitories, the students practice moved to China. Robert Moror Synod, meeting at long inter- housekeeping in groups, buying rison set up his first printing vals, the National Christian and preparing the meals on one press in Malacca, and there his Council acting as an executive rupee a week. first translations of the Bible committee. At Chaungwa is an S. P. G. into Chinese were printed. Shel- -Christian Advocate. rural center which is similar in labear Hall commemorates the aim and method. Literary work Methodist pioneers in this field, Dr. and Mrs. Shellabear. Mrs.

Telugu Convention is done at both schools and the Shellabear founded the Suydam manual training appears to In Bezwada, India, was held make the pupils more alert. Girls' School, and the boarding recently the great Telugu Con- school which accommodates 100 vention, which was attended by -Burma News. girls. more than twenty thousand native Christians, saved from A Problem in Siam Malacca has a Tamil congreheathenism. A huge structure was built for the occasion. The Dr. Barnhouse, writing in gation and one for the Hokien delegates slept on the ground. Revelation, after a recent visit, Chinese. Daily Vacation Bible Their wants were few-a little tells us that the Siamese have a rice and curry. REVIEW readers tendency to accept Christianity Schools are conducted in eight are familiar with the beginnings by households. Families are so outlying districts, as well as in of this work among the Telugus bound together that if any indi- -how for years no opening was vidual considers becoming a Malacca. One new outstation Christian, it is a matter for the has been opened recently, also a new Sunday School in Malacca.

-Woman's Missionary Friend.

gained, until some Boards were household to settle. He goes to CHINA on the point of recalling their his parents, his brothers and workers. At last the break Missions and Philanthropy came, and 2,222 were baptized sisters, and even households of Cooperate in a single day. Since then the cousins are consulted, so that work has steadily developed. The Spirit of Missions gives a when a man becomes a Chris- striking example of cooperation -Alliance Weekly. tian, frequently his whole house- between a mission hospital and hold is brought in, and some- a benevolent society. This was In the Assam Hills in Anking, where not long ago a times two or three collateral crowd of forlorn women and Rev. W. G. Supplee, Baptist households. This explains one children, driven in by famine worker in Assam, reports that from outlying farms and vilchurch membership is growing of the great difficulties that has lages, invaded the city, grabbed faster than it can be cared for. been prevalent in the work of the wheels of jinrikishas and At the present time the Christian membership of the churches the schools. A student from a non-Christian home who comes under the influence of Christian- ity, and who perhaps really has among the Serna Nagas is well become a Christian at heart, will pulled at coat sleeves, begging over 5,000; the past year 800 were added. The Association of consult his parents before con- food. the Christians of one section of sidering baptism. More often Anking has a group of Chinese than not, permission will be rethe field was held at Alaphumi, business men who call thema village 100 miles from Kohima. fused, and the student will obey selves a "Fellow Benevolence the parents. There have been Society." They are not all There were 4,400 people there. many cases where, years after Christians. When this invasion The Gospel of Mark is the only graduation, students have writ- took place, a committee of the part of the Scriptures available ten to their former teachers say- society went through the streets ing that parents having died, or after midnight and picked up all in the Serna Naga.

The missionary motorcycle other obstacles having been re- the children between six and traveled over 1,000 miles on the moved, they have decided pub- twelve years who were sleeping paths of the Naga Hills, Assam, licly to become a Christian. on doorsteps in the rain-139 of during the past year. Through the years they have them.

-Watchman-Examiner. continued their Bible reading. The men's society then ap-

pealed to St. James' Hospital in ference held recently at Kuling, hundred centers the Chinese Anking. The staff got into ac- Central China. Nanking Theo- Government is offering treattion and vaccinated for small- logical Seminary expects to re- ment for addicts of the drug and pox; scrubbed, dosed, treated, ceive about $3,000,000 from the before the end of 1935 all are redressed wounds, shaved heads Wendel estate, all of which will quired to report for treatment. and deinfested. The mission's be reinvested and the income Those who are discovered using religious education workers took used in augmenting the equip- drugs after they have been turns going over to teach tooth- ment and personnel of theolog- treated will be subject to five brushing, handscrubbing, and ical schools the country over. years' imprisonment; those who other pleasant "games"; also are compelled by force to submit put up posters from the Chinese As a first step toward reduc- to treatment and then relapse National Health Administration. ing the number of theological will be put to death. Beginning Pupil nurses took up a collection schools in the Gountry in the in- next year all persons found using to buy 139 toothbrushes and terests of greater efficiency of narcotics will be given five years' drinking cups. operation, nine institutions-in- imprisonment, and after that cluding four union theological year the penalty will- be death. More Trouble in China colleges, three union theological training schools and two post- -Christian Advocate. Dr. Susan Waddell, an Amer- graduate schools of theologyican Presbyterian Medical Mis- have been singled out to receive JAPAN-CHOSEN sionary who went out to China direct financial assistance from in 1921 and later married a Chi- the Wendel bequest. Hokkaido Calls nese Christian, Hsu Shih-chu, was murdered (probably by rob- -Dayton News. There has been both material bers) in Hanking on October and spiritual progress in Hok- 14th. Bandit Invasion kaido since the first C. M. S. missionary settled there in 1874, Dr. Waddell was born in Iowa The Missionstidning for Fin- the diamond jubilee having been and served as missionary doctor land publishes the following celebrated last year. In the at Cheeloo University, Tsinan, telegram from ones of its mis- early days the Japanese re- Shantung. sionaries: garded Hokkaido almost as J. foreign country-the land of the Another despatch from China Aug. 29 the Mission Society Ainu. Today, Hakodate is the on October 8th says: received a telegram from Pastor ninth city in the empire, the Meeder in China containing the agricultural college at Sapporo Twenty-eight missionaries, in- distressing news that the entire has become an imperial univercluding fourteen Americans, be- mission field was occupied by sity, and nearly every part of gan a hazardous 600-mile Yellow communistic bandit troops. All the island is accessible by rail. River flight from Chinese Com- the missionaries are safe. The munists, as they began to move government troops were re- By degrees, the Christian nearer to Lanchow, in Kansu ported in command of the situa- Church has spread over the Province, from Szechwan. tion over the whole field early in island. Well educated Japanese July. The society had learned clergy now have full charge of The Christians were heading that Yungshuen, the most west- their districts. But missionaries for Paotow and thence for ern of its mission stations, had have been reduced in number so Peiping. , fallen into the hands of bandits. that there has been no marked This deprives the mission for increase in the number of Chris- Wendel Bequest at Work the present of the opportunity tians, although the population to continue its work in China. has trebled. There are the large Missionary leaders in Shang- It is all the more discouraging, centers, cities of over 150,000, hai say that the Wendel bequest since after great trials endured inadequately occupied; and vast of millions to the missionary during recent years, the Society untouched areas in outlying cause in China is bringing coop- was beginning to see the dawn areas. Of the 15,000 Ainu proberation among the Christian of better days. The Finnish Mis- ably five or six hundred are agencies at work. Gradually, sion Society deserves the prayer- Christians.-C. M. S. Outlook. they predict, foreign mission- ful sympathy of all Christians in aries in China will be supplanted this new affliction. "Retreat" at Chungju by Chinese pastors whose education will have been made pos- End of Drug Traffic by 1937 Some lights and shadows in sible by the Wendel millions. Korea are given in a letter from Dr. John R. Mott declares that Rev. Harry J. Hill, Presbyterian A far-reaching program for for the first time he feels that missionary in Pyengyang. "A the coordination of all Protestant the drug evil in China is under fifteen-year-old g i r 1, meeting theological schools in China control. General Chiang Kai- with the session in preparation under the leadership of the Nan- shek is determined to "stamp it for communion, was asked by a king Theological Seminary, ac- out" as is shown in a report of Korean elder: 'What is your tual beneficiary of the Wendel the National Opium Suppression moneys, was tentatively ap- Commission. At more than six proved by the heads of the various schools concerned at a con-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

greatest sorrow?' I~ tears she Solomon Island Christians go from. jungle villages, where replied: 'The unbelIef of my life is primitive and religion father.' This father had once The Evangelical Christian crudely animistic, to jungle vilbeen a church officer, but had lage schools and churches – so lapsed, while his family re- says of the Solomon Islands: simple and crude as scarcely to mained faithful. "The outstanding characteristic of the native Church in the Sol- seem such at all-thence to town "Another little Korean girl omons is their acceptance of the churches of beauty where real whose father, though professing Bible as the inspired Word of fellowship in worship may be ex- Christianity had sold her to be- perienced, and finally to the come a da'ughter-in-Iaw in a God, and their application of it heathen home, led her h~sband to their own lives. The Bible center at Medan where excellent ana mother-in-law to ChrIst. becomes their rule of life, and is schools for boys and for girls are conducted and where, in a b~a':l­ "Over 130 Koreans and 18 always the final court of appeal." tiful church building, worshIp IS missionaries recently held. a One of the native teachers had conducted in four different lan- Bible study retreat at ChungJu. guages for that polyglot city. For some years there has been two children, who died within friction between nor t hand Here one sees the entire range south but in this Retreat, a one week. Much to the amazespirit' of love and reconciliation ment of the heathen, who could of missionary activity from the were clearly manifest. There not understand that a Christian early approach to the jungle was earnest Bible study and a wonderful spirit of prayer sorrows not as those without dwellers on up to the self-reamong the Koreans." hope, this teacher went on w~th specting and largely self-sup- his daily work. They asked hIm ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC porting church and school work why he and his wife were not wailing as the heathen do. He in the city centers, as a pano- told them of the Father's house rama of what the Gospel can do.

with many mansions, and of the -FRANK T. CARTWRIGHT sure and certain hope he had of in Christian Advocate. , seeing his children again.

World's Smallest Kingdom To the missionary he said with Evangelism in the Philippines a smile: "You know that verse, Tonga is one of the smalle~t 'And God shall wipe away all E. K. Higdon, Executive Seckingdoms in the world and .IS tears from their eyes'? God has retary of the Philip~ine. Nathe only independent country III done that for me already." tional Christian CouncIl,. IS ac- the Pacific. It is located 400 M. 1. M. in Australia customed to write a ~etalled r~­ miles southeast of Fiji, and 36 port of each field trIp. In hIS of its many islands are inhabited, The Methodist Inland Mission latest report he says: the total population being about is doing for the settlers of West 29,000. The people are Poly- I am increasingly convinced of. the nesians, closely akin to ~al!103;ns and North Australia what "cir- value of educational eva~gehsm. and Hawaiians. ChrIstIamty cuit riders" in America did for Anyone with a degree of skIll as a was introduced by British Meth- the frontiersmen a century ago. public speaker and with a knowledg.e odists in 1826. of mob psychology can secu~e .decI- In two immense areas, which sions in mass meetings. But It IS an The Tonga Church has sent have a sparse population of entirely different story to meet young pioneer workers to Fiji and people one by one, or in sma!l gr~>u~s Samoa, to New Bri!ain and the miners, cattlemen and sheep- with the purpose of an~werlll:g mdl- Solomon Islands. SIxty per cent herders the mission has ten or- vidual questions and dealmg WIth p.erof the Tongans belong to the sonal problems. The plan of sp~ndm.g "Free We s ley a n Church," dained workers. With the help three or four hours each day m prd: of automobiles they cover large vate or small group <:onferen!!es an formed by the union of two one hour in the pubhc meetmg h!l-s fields otherwise cut off from civ- proved fairly satisfact.ory. We dldsbranches of Methodism effected ilizing influences. Roads are cuss any vital questIOn presente , mere tracks; trains on the few such as: railways run on weekly or biin 1924, and affiliated with the weekly schedules. Schools and How may I continue my e.ducatio?? Methodist Church of Australasia. hospitals are rare. Heat and What openings are there m ManIla The church is self-supporting, drought make living conditions although its income has been re- hard. Airplanes carry the mails; for a work student? Is there any future for a young man in the fishing industry?

duced by more than 50 per cent camels are used for transport. Would you advise me. to., stud?, in the past few years. The The Mission's monthly bulletin, nursing? Home economICS. Agn- Tongans are noted for their The Methodist Inland Link, gives eagerness for an education and one a new sense of the vastness culture? Tubou College trains young peo- of Australia. ple to serve Church and State. How should I make love? Religious and academic training -The Christian Advocate. is supplemented by work on What are the bases for a happy plantations. The Gospel Panorama married life? -Missionary Review In Sumatra one may see al- (kustralia) . most the entire story of Chris- Give us some methods of birth con- tian missionary effort. One may trol. ., How may I keep my mind clean.

How may I overcome temptation?

It is natural for young people to have sexual desires. What is wrong about satisfying them promiscuously?

Is the Roman Catholic Church the sinia, liquor and drugs, gam- faith movements and condemning in- original church? bling, the economic situation, the fluences stifling individual religious churches and the totalitarian liberties; Was Luther justified in starting the state, the freedom of conscience, Protestant Church? evangelism, education and Chris- 2. To demand justice in human re- tian unity. The convention de- lations by presenting facts free from Is there a judgment? plored "the revival of anti- prejudice; semitism, the denial of funda- Mr. Higdon reports that there mental human rights to men and 3. To interpret public affairs has been a marked change dur- women because of race and through an editorial policy of coning the last four or five years in color." Apprehension was ex- structiveness; the type of question asked by pressed at "the growing menace students regarding life work. of the liquor and drugs traffic." 4. To suppress crime by punishing Now, they are more interested criminals and supporting mental hyin earning a living than in be- The next Disciples' World gienic education that will avert crimcoming lawyers or professors. Convention will be held in Tor- inal-producing, nervous complexes onto, in 1940. among children; MISOELLANEOUS -The Christian Century. 5. To sponsor open forum columns Armenian Bible 1,500 Years where readers may present diverse Old The Jew and Ohrist views on controversial subjects; Catholicos Papken, of Antel- Claude Montefiore, England's 6. To give greater space to reliias, Syria, writes: outstanding Reformed Jew, de- gious features that emphasize inter- clares that the Christ of Scrip- faith cooperation; According to the tradition of the ture has a greater appeal for the ancient Armenian Church, Christian- modern Jew than a Unitarian 7. To encourage civic conditions ity was introduced into Armenia be- Christ. "The Jew," he says, conducive to improving public phystween 60 and 66 A. D. by the Apostles "cannot find God in a man. ical and mental health; Thaddeus and Bartholomew. It was God's righteousness, God's goodproclaimed the State religion in 301- ness, God's love are to him in- 8. To sponsor charity for all who 302. Armenia was divided into two comparable with man's, because, need it, but to insist that charity be sections in the 5th century and since even if he cannot understand distinct from political patronage; and Syriac (the Persian language) dom- how, the Jew always conceives inated one section, and Greek the them as so infinitely deeper, 9. To support vigorously those other, the unity of the Church was wider, wiser and more pure than highly important principles of harendangered. As a result it was de- man's righteousness, goodness monious international relations seekcided fifteen hundred years ago (436- and love. That is why, I sup- ing to supplant war with permanent 37) to translate the Bible into Arme- pose, he is unable to call any peace and amity. nian, the common laJ!g'uage of the man his Master. That is also people. As this had not been reduced perhaps why the Jew, if and Religion as it applies to human reto writing, the preparation of an when he does in honesty aban- lations involves these nine points: Armenian alphabet was necessary. don Judaism, can more easily freedom of worship, justice, construc- The period that immediately followed become an orthodox Christian tiveness, crime control, open discusis called "The Golden Age of Ar- than a Unitarian." sion, interfaith concord, hygiene, charmenia." Seven hundred years later, ity and amity. in one province (Sunik), there were -The Hibbert Journal. 10,000 manuscript copies of the Bible -The Churchman. and in all Armenia there were 150,000 The Press and Religion Biblical manuscripts-all translations Sunday School Teachers' Debt from the Septuagint. Horace D. Crawford, editor of the Indianapolis New s, and An instructor in Boston Uni- The American Bible Society is teacher of journalism in Frank- versity School of Religious Eduplanning to commemorate the lin College, believes that news- cation asserts that every Sunday 1500th anniversary of the first papers may serve religion in school teacher should pay $1,000 translation of the Armenian other ways than by printing toward Christian work for the Bible, and Catholicos Khoren I, church notices. Said he: "Edi- privilege of teaching the Bible in of Armenia, has issued a call to tors, like many others, fre- any well organized Sun day all Armenians to celebrate this quently believe religion is more school. Here is his logic: It is important event. deeply concerned with the way worth $250 to acquire a pure people live than with their par- English vocabulary, such as any Disciples Take a Stand ticular beliefs. I believe that habitual Bible student will ac- newspapers serve the cause of quire. The habit of careful, Last August more than 800 religion when they strive for the systematic study is worth $250 Disciples, from all quarters of following objectives: more; and still another $250 the earth, joined with more than represents the value of prac- 1,200 members of the Churches 1. To fight for the maintenance of ticing the precepts of the Bible of Christ in Great Britain and constitutional rights of free worship which lengthens one's life. Fi- Ireland, to hold the second world and expression by commending inter- nally, $250 is owed by the convention of the Disciples of teacher who develops h i g h Christ in Leicester, England. moral ideals, consistent with ac- Resolutions adopted included ceptance of Bible teachings. declarations on race relations, peace and war, Italy and Abys- -United Church Record.

God, give us sense,-God-sense of life's new needs, A nd souls aflame with new-born chivalries- To cope with those black growths that foul the ways,- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God-born energies.

~====~~==========~~i~

I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Foreign Mission Enterprise and quate message. (2) There are of nearly 100 years to work in Its Sincere Critics. By Cleland B. objections to the present mis- Asia and who delight to travel McAfee. 8 vo. 190 pp. $1.50. sionary enterprise and its rela- in unfrequented and dangerous Revell. New York. 1935. tion to governments and non- ways, among brigands, in peril, Christian cultures and religions, toil and pain, not merely for the The work of foreign missions the treatment of native converts thrill of new experiences but to and the churches on the field. pioneer for Christ. They are has been under fire from critics (3) Other criticisms relate to British members of the China ever since Jonah went to Nine- methods and results on the field, Inland Mission and two of them the use of non-Christian teach- have spent over a quarter of a veh. There are critics and ers, dependence on subsidies, re- century in northwest China and critics-those who object to the liance on governmental protec- the deserts of M 0 n g 0 I i a. tion, lack of unity and the few- "Through Jade Gate" has been claims of Christ and the Chris- ness and weakness of converts. likened to Homer's Odyssey. It tian message; those who claim (4) He considers other criti- is as fascinating as the voyage cisms relating to home boards, of Captain Cook. that non-Christian religions are overhead expense and complex good enough and that heathen machinery. Even well-informed, Anyone who enjoys adventurdo not want anything different; idealistic students of missions ous travels will have a thrill in may not always agree with Dr. reading these journals (1928 to those who criticize the mission- McAfee in his diagnosis and 1932). Those who are interary personnel, the expense, the remedies but every fair-minded, ested in carrying the Gospel of intelligent reader will be im- Christ to the uttermost parts of methods and the administration; pressed with the author's hon- the earth will find here stimulus others object to the unsatisfac- esty and Christian views in har- for faith and courage and loyalty mony with New Testament to Jesus Christ. tory results abroad or to the neg- ideals. Many of the points lect of "heathen" at home. There raised might be dealt with much Living Triumphantly. By Kirby are critics who see only faults more fully-such as the place of Page. 304 pages. $2.00. Farrar and are deaf and blind to all evi- evangelism, the dan g e r s of & Rinehart. New York. 1934. dence in favor of missions and "modernism," the objections to others who are friendly critics expensive institutionalism and This is the author's companion seeking only to improve per- the problems of union work- volume to "Living Creatively" but every candid critic who is a which the Hazen Foundation sonnel and methods and to bring believer in Christ and is in sym- ranked first among 436 books the work into closer harmony pathy with His mission in the considered as being the most with New Testament ideals. world will be greatly helped and helpful to college students on the encouraged by this statement of subject of religion. Dr. McAfee has studied mis- the unshakable foundations on sions at home and on the field which Christian missions rests The author's pur p 0 s e is for fifty years, as teacher, pas- as a victorious and divine enter- stated: "To be teamed-Up with tor, lecturer, traveler and execu- prise. God in seeking to banish pain tive secretary of the Presby- and strife and misery is the terian Board of Foreign Mis- A Desert Journal. By Evangeline highest privilege that can come sions. He does not claim that French, Mildred Cable and Fran- to any man." From an extensive the work is above criticism but cesca French. Illus. 12 mo. $2.00. tabulation of scientists he shows China Inland Mission. Philadelphia clearly that science has not as gives clear, frank and convinc- and Toronto. 1935. yet overthrown the spiritual ining answers to some of the criti- terpretation of the universe. cisms he has heard from men Adventure and physical en- durance are usually linked with With the thesis of his book and women who believe in Christ youth. Here are three elderly thoroughly established, the auand His Gospel but who object women who have given a total thor then proceeds to the followto the way the work is conducted. ing eight definite methods for The list of over fifty definite the transformation of personal- ity and society: criticisms is an evidence of the author's vital contacts wit h many conscientious objectors.

Among the criticisms are those that have to do with (1) the missionaries – their arrogance, their aims, their lack of understanding, defects of habits and character and their inade- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[557 ]

1. Intensify the Vividness of the Ideal. sis of these great themes. He undertakes to point out some of 2. Probe to the Roots of the Present Economic Order. tells what are God's methods of its glories by comparing it to the producing in us purity of hearts, Grand Canyon. 3. Struggle to Supplant Capitalism. shows the difference between Such Grand Canyons he finds 4. Strive to Abolish War. 5. Refuse to Sanction or to Partici- "peace with God," and "the in different stages of history, as, pate in Any War Among Nations peace of God," and at the end, for example, in the life of our or Between Classes. he shows a sympathetic and ef- own nation, "which, in 1789, 6. Seek to Uproot Racial Enmity and kicked off England's heavy and fective understanding with sin- Exploitation. cere souls seeking more power. suffocating taxation covers and 7. Take Time for Worship.

8. Live with Joyous and Triumphant These blessed gifts of grace and cooed in a cradle oft rocked by Abandon. experiences of the truly saved, stormy winds."

The sections on "War" and are what are greatly needed in In twelve chapters rich in "Worship" are perhaps the best. pulpit and pew today. Grand Canyon phraseology, Dr.

Mr. Page points out that war is The language is beautifully Lee takes up the several verses not caused primarily by the clear, the paragraphs stand out of the chapter under considera- "fighting instinct" or by the so- like the lobes of an orange, and tion. One marvels at his rhecalled "mad-dog nation." Most the book is well printed with torical versatility and at the of his readers, however, will not large type. FRANK LUKENS. same time admires his loyalty to agree wi,th him that the first the Scriptures and the deep step toward peace is to "abolish A Grand Canyon of Resurrection evangelical fervor which perthe system of private property Realities. By Robert G. Lee, D.D., vades page after page of this exas the chief means of produc- LL.D. $1.00. 172 pp. Wm. B. traordinary book. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand J. R. S.

tion and distribution." A defi- Rapids, Mich. 1935. South China Folk. By Mary Brewster nite attack on capitalism is a distinct strain throughout the book. This book embodies the studies Hollister $1.25. 141 pp. Revell. The unique and most helpful of the twentieth chapter of New York. 1935. part of the volume is the an- John's Gospel by the eloquent Another book by Mrs. Hollisthology of one hundred daily pastor of the Bellevue Baptist ter! One hundred forty pages readings on the main thoughts Church, Memphis, Tenn. in good-sized type, full of the set forth in the early part of the Dr. Lee recognizes the human spirit as well as fact of the counbook. On the who I e, this limitation of thought and speech try always so warmly interthought – provoking discussion in any attempt to adequately preted by this author. Adults leaves one convinced that to live describe one of the great chap- will enjoy reading it with chiltriumphantly one must follow ters of the Word of God. BatHed dren and even young people will the brave and unselfish way of as he believes himself to be, he find excellent material here. HOWARD A. ADAIR. inquires, "Who, by word and by There is the frequent sparkle of Christ. pen, by sermon and by song, by Chinese humor, the steadiness The Sufficiency of the Cross. By W. painting and by philosophy, can of patience, the pathos of aspira- W. Marlin. 12 mo. 1s. net. Pick- explore all the corners of this ering & Inglis, London. 1935. vast continent of Scripture? One tion, and a delightful sketching of personalities. One regrets These are Keswick addresses, had as well hope to haul to the that the first two chapters are therefore they are sure to be threshing machines in a wheel- quite unconnected with the rest biblical, searching and convert- barrow in one day all the wheat of the book though there is, in ing. Let every reader give trib- grown on a Kansas prairie as to Chapter 2, definite background ute to the mighty effort of Kes- expect to place within the limits for the ensuing story. The book wick, like the springs in the hills, of one book all the marvelous is neither profound nor great; upon the finest Christian life of truths of this chapter. One had there are rather too many Chi- England, A mer i c a, and the as wisely expect to put in a one- nese expressions and also too world – for over fifty years. acre garden all the flowers that much repetition of religious These addresses embody truths bloom in America as to expect phrases, but the interest is lively, which have become increasingly to write with pen and print on the pictures vivid and the imreal to the author and have paper an adequate description of pression fully worth the couple brought peace and power to all the glorious truths in this of hours spent in reading. The many. chapter. One had as well hope coming of light into a far-off vil- The four chapters concern to put all the diamonds and lage simply through a little girl four truths that are like stars of rubies in the world in the and the innkeeper's wife, with the first magnitude. "Pardon thimble of a seamstress as to ex- the help of a mission school in a through the Blood of the Cross," pect to give in anyone book an neighboring city, and some and then "Purity," "Peace," and adequate appraisal of all the friendly cooperation, convince "Power," also through the blood. Scriptural wealth of this chap- the innkeeper that he was right This is not present-day specula- ter." However, though confess- when he said, "We obey the tion, but exposition. The author ing that his "mental tent can Heaven-Father, and then He marched calmly and confidently cover only a small corner of this will bless us." through his illuminating analy- vast scriptural continent," he MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Use of Material from China's lowship in the consciousness of the ineffective humanism of Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- pardoned sin, imparted life and their long history. tian Education of Chinese Youth. perfect provision. By Warren Horton Stuart, Ph.D., Limits of space do not permit Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, That more use than in the of detailed specifications. Shanghai. 1932. $2.50. past should be made of China's great ethical inheritance – per- C. H. FENN. The book is a dissertation presented at Yale University for haps the greatest in the world Hot Hearted. By F. I. Codrington. the degree of Doctor of Philos- apart from Christianity-and of Illus. 12 mo. 111 pp. 2 8. Church ophy, the theme having been what she possesses of the spir- of England Z. M.. S. London. 1935. itual in her early, unique, simple chosen with a definite purpose worship of a personal Heaven, Christ offers to women the' to provide "a guide and source greatest hope for liberty and ad.. book for Christian teachers in and in her emphasis on a benev- vancement. Moslem, H i n d u , China." As a "source book," olence among men which some- Buddhist and pagan women have times approaches the Christian little to hope for in this world or Dr. R. S. Smith, of Yale, says idea of Love, is certainly true, the next. Here we have eight truly, in his Introduction, "Dr. stories that show what Christ and Dr. Stuart's dissertation has done for Chinese women and Stuart has brought to his task a should serve a very useful pur- how Christian faith and life are brilliant and ingenious mind and pose in that regard, both in the helping to bring about new and the competence of a well-trained better social conditions. Mrs. hands of the Christian teacher, Ahok, a little Chinese lady of scholar and workman." Born Chinese or foreign, and in those rank, a Christian with "lily feet," and bred in China and for years of the intelligent seeker after came to England in 1890 to plead a missionary, he possesses spe- Truth. The Chi n e s e unac- for her sisters in China who were cial equipment for the task, evi- quainted with English, however, still "under the power of the idols," Mrs. Chitnio Ling was a dently a labor of love. As a will be in less danger than the Chinese girl, born in a heathen "guide," however, one's com- English reader of the book, of family, who attended the Chinese mendation of Dr. Stuart's work drawing the conclusion that, in Girls' School in Singapore and then went to China as a Christian must reluctantly be tempered her "Three Religions," China al- missionary. They are all inspirwith the caution that a sym- ready possesses so nearly all ing sketches that reveal the purpathetic translator from a for- that Christianity offers, that he pose and power of the Gospel of eign tongue, with a theory to Christ. may content himself with what demonstrate, rarely avoids an his own inheritance affords and Ethical Issues Confronting World unconscious reading into his leave to the West its own spir- Christians. By Daniel Johnson texts of more than they were Fleming. 273 pages and an Index. itual inheritance. As a matter Price, $2.00. The International ever intended to express. "With of fact, there never was a time Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Avebut little persuasion," Dr. Stuart when thinking Chinese were less nue, New York, N. Y. "would fain make Christians" satisfied than today with their own "spiritual inheritance." This is a carefully written and out of Confucius, Lao c ius fairly exhaustive treatment of (Laotze), Mencius, and espe- Some of the most intelligent some great problems. Certainly Christian leaders are urging the Christian of today, in the cially Micius (Motze). He has new missionaries not to give light not only of the melting of gathered together a remarkable geographical barriers because of much time to the study of modern communications but also collection of quotations from all because of the Great Commisthe Chinese sages and philos- China's old man-developed reli- sion, must have a world outlook. ophers, ancient, medireval and gions and philosophies, when And the issues discussed by Dr. modern, to exhibit the "Chris- China's need for the presenta- Fleming are timely. Christians, especially those in administratian values in Native Experi- tion of a God-revealed secret of tive positions in the church, are ences," and "Units of Indigenous a new life is so pressing, and the now unavoidably confronted Moral and Religious Literature," with the ethics of soliciting need for its general understand- funds, of the acceptance of as a wonderful "Spiritual In- ing and acceptance is so widely armed protection by missionheritance" which China herself felt. Dr. Stuart's purpose to aries, the population problem, has contributed as a foundation "indigenize the religion of Christ the meaning of true religious lib- erty, and similar questions. to the Christian education of in China" is manifestly sincere her own youth. To much of it and truly laudable, and his com- Dr. Fleming faces these issues we may, with the author, attrib- squarely, making a genuine efute a "high ethical and spiritual pendium of quotations forms a fort to grapple with difficult quality," the ethical, however, most valuable book of reference; problems, and at the same time one's only fear being that its standing far higher than the spiritual, because even the prim- use as a textbook in Christian Schools in China may lead some itive monotheism of Chi n a to accept the shadow for the subposited no infinite Creator, no stance, to look upon Christ as absolutely holy and righteous merely a wiser sage, a mor~ per- Ruler, no perfectly loving Fa- fect pattern, acceptance of whom as such constitutes the whole of ther, no sacrificial Redeemer, Christianity, thus condemning with whom the common man and woman, as well as the sage and themselves to little more than emperor, may enjoy eternal fel-

endeavoring to preserve a fair noncoercion on the left . . . ,vio- Evangelical Christian missions impartiality of s tat em e n t. lence has long been the weapon will first cho.ose the "vague" Moreover, there are some things of conservatism." project of preaching the Gospel, in the book that will search the This is only one example of the not forgetting the field mice as a heart of any thoughtful reader, extreme difficulty of maintaining subsidiary activity. whether he is conservative or detachment when writing upon There is, finally, one great inliberal in religious outlook. Par- the ethics of great economic, po- adequacy in this volume and the ticularly strong in this respect litical, and religious issues. In- school of thought it represents. is the section (beginning on deed inconsistency is inevitable The whole discussion proceeds page 117) regarding individual as in the case of Dr. Fleming's on an extrascriptural basis. Ocresponsibility for the use of references to "tainted money" casionally there is a fair statemoney. "We vote," writes Dr. and his citation of cases where ment of the Evangelical point of Fleming, "with our doll a r s. certain gifts were refused be- view, as on pages 80 to 82, but Every expenditure is voting for cause of scruples regarding their the whole book is almost devoid the character and quantity of source. Yet he frequently and of references to the Bible. Much goods that are to be produced; with seeming approval relies is made of missionary planning and the proportion saved by the upon the Layman's Foreign Mis- and statesmanship, we miss the purchase of simple goods in or- sions Report and the Rockefeller references to the essentiality of der to help various measures of Foundation for impressive ref- prayer in finding a solution to uplift is a measure of the inten- erences. One is tempted to ask, great ethical issues. Does the sity of one's vote for human re- "Were the Standard Oil millions Word of God have nothing to lief and reconciliation. . . . Love amassed in accordance wit h say about the problems which which expresses itself in philan- Christian ethics? To what de- Dr. Fleming treats? If the book thropy without revealing itself gree do such funds represent a leaves the reader with an imin sacrifice finds difficulty in be- 'tainted' background?" ing either creative or redemp- pression of inconclusiveness, it tive." From another point of view, is because it represents a purely In his treatment of Economic one notes that Dr. Fleming's human endeavor to face issues Reconstruction, Dr. Fleming oc- most effective cases of nobility on which God has something au- of conscience regarding the casionally lapses into what would indemnity question are drawn thoritative to say in the Person appear to be an uncritical admiration for communism. To from the experience of the of Christ and in the Book from one who recalls that, according China Inland Mission, a funda- mentalist mission of reactionary which all Christian ethics are to reliable figures, the Red attitude measured by standards regime in Russia has been in- of the Layman's Report, yet in drawn. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. 'these instances acting in accord strumental in the slaughter of with the most advanced social Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. about 11,000,000 human beings, By Mary Dillingham Frear. Illus. the unspeakable persecution of S vo. 325 pp. Privately printed. New Haven. 1934.

Hawaii (The Sandwich Is- countless others (cf. Tcherna- conscience. lands) , the land of beauty and of vin's "I Speak for the Silent"), Other examples chosen by the romance, furnishes the scene of the erection of a system of mili- author are less con v inc i n g. this life story of Rev. Lowell taristic tyranny, and in addition, Those who believe that the Gos- Smith and his wife, Abigail, a recognized sub rosa propa- pel is still "the power of God early missionaries of the Ameriganda for the overthrow of for- unto salvation" and that the can Board. The period covered eign governments, these sen- world needs to be converted, is 1809 to 1891 and the material tences cause some won d e r : will, if they are not too deeply is gathered from journals and "There are bounds beyond which distressed, have to suppress a letters, with additional not e s a foreigner may not go in advo- smile on reading page 40, where from their daughter, Mrs. B. F. cating changes in another cul- Dr. Fleming frankly says that Dillingham. It is first hand doc- ture or in an alien system. Some "the conversion of the world," umentary evidence of the spirit, might be willing to risk death in "preaching the Gospel to the purpose and power of the pioneer the same way as have the com- most degraded, neglected and missionaries – b e aut i full y munists whose martyrs number despised people," "the establish- printed, well illustrated and with into the thousands. It is moving ment and development of an in- a full index. Much is of personal to read the simple unadorned digenous church," these aims family interest rather than of sentences with which a commu- "are too comprehensive or vague general importance but the story nist manual for 'Calls' in China to be called projects" for the use has a fascination, human inter- lays down the duty of a party of foreign money in missions: est and a message for every member to give up his own life As an example of a missionary friend of missions and every when called upon to do so. Out- project he proposes the distribu- lover of God and man. Many fa- doing the communists may in- tion of poisoned grain in twelve mous people and events, as well volve just such a risk…. From villages to combat a scourge of as information about Hawaii and one standpoint the use of vio- field mice. Preaching the Gos- its people, find a place in the rec- lence belongs on the right and pel vs. exterminating field mice! ords.

Books T B FOR SECOND

HEOLOGICAL The Origin of Religion. Samuel M. OOKS Zwemer. 256 pp.. $2.00. Cokes- bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. Largest Stock in America. Over half a million theological Books Our Response to God. William E. -Classified by subject. Catalogues free. Correspondence and Wilson. 85 pp. 2s. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. "Want Lists" invited. Please mention The Missiona" ReWw of the World The Four Hundred Million: A Short SCHULTE'S BOOK STORE History of the Chinese. Mary A. Nourse. Illustrated. 375 pp. $3.50. 80 and 82 Fourth Avenu. =: N•• York, N.Y Bobbs Merrill. New York.

Indian Nationalism and the Christian Colleges. Paul J. Braisted. 171 Blood-Drenched A I tar s: Mexican Obitulry Notes pp. $2.00. Association Press. New Study and Comment. F. C. Kelley. York. . 521 pp. $3.00. Bruce Pub. Co. (Concluded from page 618.) An American Translation. J. M. Milwaukee, Wise. in field itineration, in teaching, and Powis Smith and Edgar J. Good- White and Black in Australia. J. S. in literary work. spMd. 1128 pp. $2.00. University .of Chicago Press. Chicago. Needham. 174 pp. 2s. 6d. S. P. ·Elizabeth Ma*ry *Ca*dbury, who died C. K. London. ' in August at the age of 77, was among Truth and Tradition in Chinese Bud- the foremost religious and social lead- Coupectus of Cooperative Mission- dhisin: A Study of Chinese 14a-' ers in England, and had served as ary Enterprises. Chas. H. Fahs. hayana Buddhism. Karl Ludwig president of the National Council of $1.25. I. M. C. New York. Reichelt 415 pp. $4.50. Commer- Evangelical Free Churches. She was Cooperation and the World Mission. cial Press. Shanghai. the widow of George Cadbury, who Jphn R. Mott. $1.00. I. M. C. New York. The Idea of Salvation in the World's died in 1922, and a sister-in-law of Religions. J. W. Parker. 259 pp. Mrs. Helen Cadbury Alexander-Dixon, The Furtherance of the Gospel. Wil- Macmillan. New York and London. founder of the Pocket Testament liam Owne Carver. 145 pp. 60 *** League.

cents paper; 40 cents cloth. Bap- Directory of Protestant Missions- Mrs. Margaret Weaver Beahm tiBtSunday School Board. Nash- 1935. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Denning, wife of the Rev. J. O. Denville, Tenn. House. Shanghai. ning, retired Methodist missionary to India, died at her home at Pacific D. . Over Samarkand: The Rebirth Education in Fiji. Cecil W. Mann. Palisades, California, on August 16. . of Central Asia. Joshua Kunitz. 138 pp. 6s. Oxford University The Dennings served in India from 848 pp. $8.00. Covici, Friede. ,Press, London; University Press, 1890 to 1926, being stationed for va- New York. . Melbourne, Australia. rious periods at Poona, Muzzafarpur, :traq: From Mandate to Independ- India's Womanhood: Forty Years' Gondha, Allahabad, and Ootacamund. ence. E. Main. 267 pp. 16s. Work at Ludhiana. Christine I. Mrs. Denning led in evangelistic and Tinling. 119 pp. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. educational work for women, and as- . ,;,',,.Ulen" Unwin. London. R. T. S. London. sisted her husband in organizing the The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- first Epworth League in India. She God and the African in Kenya. H. was national secretary, and for ten p!'¢. Wrong. Illustrated. 144 pp. R. A. Philp. Illustrated. 189 pp. years national president of the India 28. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- 2s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan ~ Scott. W. C. T. U., and for three years was ton; London. international superintendent of the Department of Prison Visiting and From Fetish to Faith: The Growth The Meaning of Shinto. J. W. T. Reformation. She wrote "Mosaics Mason. 252 pp. $2.50. Dutton. from India," "The House Beautiful," :of til" Church in West Africa; W. "Short Poems," and "Dainty Cookery J; Platt. 159 pp. 2s. Edinburgh for the Home." Mrs. Denning Souse Preu. London. New York.

was born in Harrisburg, Pa., TWO SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE SPECIALS October 17, 1856, and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. Robert R*. S*erv*ice, regional secretary of the Young Men's Indil Piper Edition, Lelther Cover Christian Association for Shan- 33X. This superb Scofield Bible, leather bound, on genuine Oxford India tung Province, China, and a sec- paper, at the lowest price ever offered. All who have seen this book have retary of the International Com- been delighted, and have asked, "How can you sell so fine a volume at such a mittee of the Y. M. C. A. for low price 1" Contains all the wonderful helps for which the Scofield Reference twenty-nine years, died sud- Bible is famous. Pocket size 6~ inches by denly in Shanghai on Septem- 4U inches, 1116 inch thick, weighing only ber 29. Mr. Service went to . Specimen of 7Ype 14 And-tbe–~ord was-made 16 ounces. Only $5.00. China for the Y. M. C. A. in fbleesbhd.danhdisdl1woerlyt;a.&meon1g10u1sY. a(sanodf twhee W·Ith I.mproved 1. 0dex, 50c extra. 1906 and did pioneer work in Name stamped in gold, 50c extra. Chengtu for fifteen years. Later he went to Shanghai to join the national staff and served as re- Popullr $1.25 Edition gional secretary for Western 30. This is the lowest priced Scofield edition ever made, but contains the China. For the last year Mr. earne complete unabridged helps as the most expensive. Clearly printed on Service had been assigned to the excellent paper, and strongly bound. An excellent volume for pew use, Bible Chinese International Famine classes, and for the study table. Relief Commission, located in Shanghai. He retained, how- Cloth board binding, size 7×4~ inches. Only $1.25. ever, his post as secretary of the Shangtung region. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Haul.burs, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1930

PELLICE

OOMING EVENTS Methodist Church in the early days. He was very active during the Centenary August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- Movement in the Japan Methodist DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Church, and had been prominently before many. the Church for several quadrenniums.

August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR When Bishop Uzaki was elected for the INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- third time in 1927, Dr. Akazawa received LIGION, Basel, Switzerland. 18 votes out of the 63 on the first ballot, August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- only 11 votes less than were received by VENTION, Chicago, Ill. Bishop Uzaki on that ballot. Akazawa San was for several years President of August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, the Lambuth Bible Training School in SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Osaka. He is a man of unusual evangel- Salem, W. Va. istic fervor. On the day after the re- election of Bishop Uzaki in 1927, Dr. August 24-27-EVANGELICAL BROTHER- Akazawa was elected Secretary of the HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Board of Missions of the Japan Method- NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, ist Church, and has served the Church Ill.

August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- in that position until his recent election TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON to the episcopacy.

FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- Probably no man in the history of J a- land. pan Methodism has been more universal- August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION ly beloved, or more influential for his COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- deep evangelical piety than the man who TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND comes now to the first place of leader- ship in the Church.-Missionary Voice. WORK, Vevey, Switzerland.

September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- DR. FREDERICK'" B'". F'"ISHER, who has ERENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- SIONS CONFERENCE OF N. A., New been resident Methodist Episcopal Bish- York, N. Y. op at Calcutta, India, since his election in 1920, notified the Board of Bishops of September 29-0ctober 1 – INTERDEN9M- his intention to "cease from traveling at INATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, large among the people," as he purposed conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- to accept a call to the pastorate of First eration of Churches and the Wom- Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- *** phia, Pa. DR. CHENG CHING-YI, Moderator of October 7-15-U N IT ED L UT H ERAN the Church of Christ in China, and an CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. outstanding Christian leader in that great land, is spending the early part of October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- the summer in England. Other visitors GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. from China this summer are Bishop October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- Roots of Hankow and Dr. E. C. Loben- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- stine, both of whom have done yeoman ington, D. C. service for the National Christian Coun- October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- cil of China. *** CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. MR. BASIL MATHEWS has rejoined the November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- group of workers of the International ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Missionary Council at Edinburgh House, Washington, D. C. London. He will not be a member of any of the existing staffs, but he has PERSONALS been set apart, without executive duties, DR. W. J. MCGLOTHLIN, President of for literary work, with youth especially Furman University, Greenville, South in view. He is at work on a companion Carolina, has been elected president of volume to "The Clash of Colour," dealing the Southern Baptist Convention. not with race, but with nationalism.

REV. HOMER M'c"MI'L" LA*N, D.D. has been *** MR. W. CAMERON FORBES has been chosen by President Hoover as Ambas- elected Executive Secretary of Board of sador to Japan. Mr. Forbes has been … Home Missions of the Presbyterian interested for many years in the Far Church in the U. S., succeeding Dr. S. L. East. Not only was he Governor Gen- Morris. eral of the Philippines, but he has made * '" * frequent visits to the Orient. He inher- REV. MOTOZO AKAZAWA, recently elect- ited from both his grandfathers tradi- ed Bishop by the Japan Methodist Church tions of active interest in matters Ori- in succession to Bishop Uzaki, who died ental. His mother's father was Ralph suddenly on April 2, has been for many Waldo Emerson. His paternal grand- years one of the leading preachers of the father was J. M. Forqes, one of the lead- Methodist Church in Japan. He was ing bankers of Boston, who was closely trained in the Southern branch of the associated with the families of Perkins, Russell and Sturgis in trading with the ALIFE- Philippines, China and Japan. INCOME FOR YOU *** Give generously to ForeIgn Missions. The Rev. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, pro- Your gift will return fessor of systematic theology for the you last eighteen years at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, has been 4~% to 9% PER YEAR elected a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth for the rest of your life Avenue, New York City. He will begin the duties of his new office on September under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus re- 1st. Dr. McAfee will succeed the Rev. lieving you of worry caused by changing Dr. Arthur J. Brown who retired in values of ordinary investments. May, 1929.

Dr. McAfee is widely known for his missionary knowledge and interest, having been a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York, for many years; having traveled widely throughout the mission field in Asia, and written several missionary books and many missionary articles. In 1924 he was the lecturer in the Joseph Cook Foundation.

O;BITUARY A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guar- MR. E. Y. SCARLETT, of the L. M. S., antees the prompt payment of annuities was wantonly shot by Chinese bandits to you. April 2d, while on his way from Tientsin Protect yourself against loss to Peitaiho. through unwise investments and at the same time help *** send the gospel to all the world. DR. CLIFFORD MORGAN STUBBS was fatally wounded by a Chinese at Cheng- For full information write tu, Szechwan early in June. He went to ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, China in 1913 for the Friends Foreign Mission Association and was Dean of the Dept. of Annuities Faculty of Science in the West China Union University. Dr. Stubbs was an HE BOARD OF outstanding friend of the Chinese and it FOREIGN MISSIONS is particularly tragic that he should have lost his life at the hand of some fanatic. of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. He was one of the leaders of the group of missionaries in Chfna who protested 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK against British military protection being afforded them, for he believed that missionaries should take every risk in the countries in which they felt called upon to work. When he returned to China in 1927 he refused to travel on a British gunboat on his way back to Chengtu.

*** . ·ZOO fR:;o::b·bY.!~l~'i$tNb .BY'e30fo' re Xmas :M:r.s.IM'~aOrOl.DB~a'n;. MISS MARION SCOTT STEVENSON of the Procesa. order. Church of Scotland Mission at Tumutumu, Nyeri, Kenya Colony, Africa, died FOR YOUR CHURCH OR YOURSELF at Glasgow. Her name will be partic- Make a. year's income in the next tour months-without ularly remembered for the development sales experience or soliciting strangers I Amazing "Snowof work for women and girls of the Tumutumu mission. To many she was r::ll~!:~~Ii:~g8 ~~c~De6h~J~~~~~:t'n~rdg:r~Oft known as the "Mary Slessor" of East Africa, and in recent years she specially America's fastest sell1ng line paying biggest volume of devoted herself to traveling about in the Kikuyu country. Just prior to her last commissions-liberal bonuses. prizes. illness she spent 483 out of 583 days under canvas, while visiting the women- WE FURNISH EVERYTHING FREEl folk of scores of villages. The work in We teach you wha t to say and do. It you want to tum your which Miss Stevenson was engaged won minutes into doJlars-to prepare for permanent full or the especial praise of the Phelps Stokes part time pOSition-write us at once. Millions of old Educational Commission to East Africa. customers waitingl THE PROCESS CORPORATION Troy at 21st St., Chic. . .

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I''" ,I, REVIEW OF THE WORLD I .. / DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Big Savings I It .• ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor Jor 1930 Missionaries in foreign service should select their Christmas gifts now from our catalogue, ~ .~. CONTENTS-August, 1930 and take advantage of the unequalled values and big savings made possible by 100/0 cash I Page discounts on orders of $50.00 or more se- }<'RONTISPIECE ..•……………•.. 564 lected from our general catalogue, except flour ….. and sugar. Write for free copy. FAITHFUL WITNESS 01<' THE WAL- Church orders for Christmas donations to .' DENSIANS …… TERTIUS VAN DYKE 565 missionaries abroad receive our special atten- tion, including guaranteed safe delivery. ,. PROTESTAN'l'ISM IN EUROPE …… . Special wholesale discounts on orders from · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARRY JEF~'S 571 Churches, Mission Boards. and other insti- tutions. PRO'l'ESTANTIS.I IN FRANCE …… . Foreign field secretaries can save money and ………….. Cn. MERLE D'.AUBIGNE 574 worry by anticipating the holiday needs of their stations. and ordering now direct from HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES ., 575 our Wholesale Department. JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY Al'D The above discounts are granted only on orders to missionary stations and institutions EDUCA'J'OR …………. E. J. CODY 575 abroad and to missionaries in foreign service. SAILING PEACEFULLY ON '1' H E All communications and orders must be sent to our YANGTZE … , ….. GEORGE H. TRULL 578 AMERICA AND THE CHINESE FAM- MISSIONARY BUREAU INE ……..•…..•.•. '1'. A. BISSON 583 Montgomery, Ward & Co. WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA? PAR'r CHICAGO, U. S. A. II ………….. DELAVAN L, PIERSON 585 THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS MISSION STUDY BOOKS · .•.••.••….•… WARREN H. WILSON 5nO For 1930 "EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY" ….. . For Adults and Young People · …………… I<'RANCES L. GARSIDE 595 PROFESSOR LUZZI'S TRANSLATION. 597 INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE FIRST CHURCH CO:'ITFERENCE ON SO- By Oscar MacMillan Buck CIAl, WqRK . . . . . . AMELIA WYCKOFh' 5US INDIA ON THE MARCH A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS …….•… (Revised Edition) • ••••……•.•..•…. S. H. CHESTER 600 BRITISH MISSIONARY SOCIETIES IN By Alden H. Clark CONFERENCE ..•.•….. H. W. PEET 602 TRAILING THE CONQUISTADORES TOPICS OF THE TIMES …….•…. 604 By Samuel Guy Inman Unemployment Editors of Religiou8 PreS8 Gonfer Gonference for Outgoing Mi88ionaries METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… .

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~ !.. ,+~._i–=1t "1# 'k~-~ . ~~'". ,~ ~~1_. J~ _ . _—..~_~ ~ ';'~..'" ~ ~ )_"~.~ '

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LIII, No.8 August

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO. ,-~ ~. I fAITHFUL VITNESS OF THE W ALDENSIANS BY TERTIUS VAN DYKE Pastor CoogrcgatiooaZ Church, lVashington, Conn., and Direotor of the Amc";can Walden8ian Aid Society T HE Waldensian Church is the In these circumstances the Wal- oldest extant Protestant body densians and other forerunners of in the ·world. It is true that the Reformation had their rise. It the claim that it can be traced back was a time of many new move- to the primitive Church has been ments in the Church, most of disposed of, notably by Emilio which, as historic entities, passed Comba one of its own historians, away or were absorbed in later more than thirty years ago. Never- movements. The Cathari, the Hu- theless its clearly discernible ori- miliati, the Albigenses (so-called I! gin in the twelfth century easily from the town of Albi in Langue- assigns to the Waldensians the doc), the Patarini (whose name is honor of being the earliest of those derived perhaps from their trade ,I bodies known today as Protestants. in old linen or from the street in The twelfth century in Europe Milan called Pataria where they was a time of social change. The first congregated)-all these were clergy in general were becoming expressions of a religious renas- objects of distrust because of their cence among the people them- frequent abuse of privilege and selves. From the mountains of their often corrupt manner of life. northern Spain across the southern Much of the Christianity of the provinces of France and into Lom- people was degenerating into a bardy and Tuscany stretched a line ., thinly veiled polytheism and super- of "heretics" from which branches stition. The feudalistic system, went forth and found root in Bo- with which the Church was closely hemia and in the Low Countries.

identified, was coming to the end As already intimated these move- of its usefulness. Trade guilds ments cannot be exclusively traced were rising on the basis of mutual to reforming zeal within the helpfulness and a fellowship under- Church. Undoubtedly they were standable to the ordinary man. motived by political and economic And the troubadours by their ro- objectives as well as by strictly re- . ~" mantic ballads and no less ro- ligious purposes. Perhaps they can mantic wanderings were adding be most adequately described in their emotional strength to the terms of the resurgence of the com- current of social change. mon man in protest against the 565

luxury and tyranny of his masters plained, though I do not agree that and in assertion of his own under- it was justified, by three things: standing of life. First, the Church as an institution Peter Waldo, of Lyons, is com- was entering upon a life and death monly credited with being the struggle with the Empire; sec- founder of the Waldensian move- ond, the new orders of the Friars, ment, though some historians also as zealous champions of the Church call attention to the influence of in a rough and passionate age, Peter of Bruges, Henry of Cluny, were exerting an overwhelming and Arnold of Brescia. Waldo was pressure in the formulation of poli- a rich merchant of Lyons who came cies; third, within the Church to his conviction about the right of there was a life and death struggle individuals to read and interpret in the realm of doctrine between the Bible for themselves as the re- Orthodoxy and Catharism.

sult of reading the New Testament But whatever may have been the of 1 during a period of great sorrow at motive and the explanation, the the sudden death of a friend. facts are that in 1179 the Third '~ Gradually there assembled about Lateran Council specifically forhim a group of people interested in bade private Scriptural interpreta- .,., JI living a simple and charitable life tion and teaching by laymen; that and eager to read and interpret the in 1183 the Waldensians together , .A'.- Bible among themselves and with with the Cathari, Arnaldists, etc., others. At first they did not antic- were excommunicated'; and that ~~ ipate opposition from the Church. from then on the opposition of the In fact Waldo went to Rome to Church was for many centuries im- J gain papal approval for his plans. placable. Between 1208 and 1687 But it was not to be. Where St. there are said to have been more Francis succeeded in a somewhat than thirty organized persecutions similar request, Peter Waldo of the Waldensians. They were not failed, perhaps because of the place that the use of the Bible held in only anathematized, they were the latter's proposals. evicted from their homes and slain.

Yet it ought not to be said that In 1393 one hundred and fifty were the Church's opposition was en- burned in one day at Grenoble. In tirely a blind and obstinate opposi- 1487 Innocent VIn preached a tion. That it eventually proved to crusade against them. In 1545 the be a policy of reaction and there- Emperor had four thousand peo- fore a mistaken policy is certainly ple massacred amid the burning of the verdict of history. And un- a score of villages. In 1655 several doubtedly the means employed to thousand Waldensians were slain oppose private Scriptural reading at the fearful Piedmontese Easter.

and interpretation and teaching by But these people were not of the laymen were often unjust and stuff to be cowed by persecution.

tyrannical. Nevertheless, it is well Their "heresy" was too much a in the name of truth and justice to part of themselves. Besides, Eu- remember the situation. The early rope was full of the heresy in twelfth century had been a time of secret places, so that it was said tolerance in the Church. The sud- that in the fourteenth and fifteenth den change of this temper at the centuries a Waldensian could trav- end of the century may be ex- el from Antwerp to Rome and stop

FAITHFUL WITNESS OF THE WALDENSIANS

every night in the house of a fel- England and drew Cromwell's low believer. threat to the guilty Duke of Savoy and occasioned Milton's famous It is, of course, impossible to re- sonnet beginning, "Avenge 0 Lord, view Waldensian history in the thy slaughtered saints." It is inspace here at my command. Let teresting to note that Cromwell me therefore select for brief men- raililed a relief fund of £40,000, a tion six dates which may illustrate noble example of human sympathy in outline the course and signifi- a~ well as an illustration of world cance of that history. statesmanship.

First is the transfer of the Wal- In 1687 a determined effort to densian headquarters at the time root out the Waldensians from of the persecution of 1207 to the their mountain citadels resulted in valleys of Piedmont. Here in caves the exile of practically all of them and fastnesses they rallied them- to the friendly refuge of Switzerselves, here they settled down to land, and led to another notablE!· nourish the life of the Spirit with- event in Waldensian history. This in themselves and to endure he- was the astonishing feat of about roically the constant persecutions seven hundred men under Henri of their enemies, and hence they Arnaud, pastor and soldier, who, went forth when occasion offered on the night of August 15, 1689, as missionaries of their faith. To- crossed the Lake of Geneva and, day, the annual Synod of the repulsing the forces of Marshall Waldensian Church meets in Torre Catinat, won a way back through Pellice, and from this ancestral the Alps into Piedmont-a notable home directs the life and work of military manreuver. which won this oldest of all Protestant the unbounded praise of Napoleon Churches. Bonaparte. Ten days later, before the only church building which had The second date in Waldensian not been destroyed, that at Ghigo, history which I will mention is in the parish of Prali, Henri Ar- 1532, when, on the visit of Farel, naud preached, and on the follow- Saunier, and Olivetan at the Synod ing Sunday the whole band took in the vale of Angrogna, the Wal- an oath of loyalty at Sibaud (now densians became officially a part of marked with a monument), among the Reformation which had arisen the chestnut trees. in the wake of their own earlier witness. This decision drew upon The fifth date I shall mention is them fresh persecutions, but it also that of the pUblication of Canon marked a time when their whole Gilly's book, "Researches Among movement took on new life. Then the Waldensians, etc.," in 1831. it was that the first church build- This book may be said to mark the ings were erected in the valleys, a beginning of the spread of knowlnew impetus was given to Scrip- edge about the Waldensians as not tural knowledge through Olivetan's only a people who had greatly suftranslations, and some missionary fered, but who are religiously imadvances were made, notably in portant in their own right. It is Calabria. worth while to note his tribute to Waldensian character: A third great date is 1655, when occurred the fearful massacre well Their morals correspond with their known as the Piedmontese Easter. faith; and their lives and conversation The horror of this event reached

;J testify that the doctrines they profess The first Protestant Church in are those of the truth; for nothing Italy outside the valleys was that short of a firm persuasion that they are burning and shining lights, which at Turin, where Meille first are not to be put out, could have given preached in 1851. When Garabaldi them courage and perseverance suffi- entered Rome in 1870 the first cient to withstand the temptations to civilian to enter by the Porta Pia which their spiritual integrity has was Commendatore Matteo Prochbeen exposed, or to restrain the strong et, Moderator of the Waldensian hand which has been lifted up against Church, who bore a Bible in his them for more than ten (sic) cen- hand and shortly afterwards turies. preached there. Today two fine I had opportunities of observing the churches and the theological semi- conduct of individuals of this little nary bear witness to the industry community, at different times and and strength of the Waldensians under various circumstances, at home in the capital city of their nation. and abroad, in the transactions of There are now nearly sixty business and the kindly courtesies of life, and in their hours of devotion and churches in Italy and Sicily in adfestivity, and I am impressed with the dition to the seventeen churches in belief that there is nothing exagger- the valleys, with a total memberated, either in the favorable repre- ship of something over 20,000. The sentations made by their own chief statistical advances-I emhistorians, or in the eulogies of phasiZle the word statistical for strangers. though it is important it is by no Among others who were attract- means the sole mark of a success- 1 ed to the Waldensians at this time ful church-are being made today and became their friends were in Sicily. Here a beautiful new General Beckwith and Count Wal- church was dedicated three years burg Truches. ago, and a new church has more recently been founded at Piazza The final date I shall mention is Armerina. But though the mem- February 17, 1848, when Charles bership of the Waldensian Church Albert, King of Piedmont, at the is admittedly small, the constitinstigation of Cavour issued the uency which it is influencing is Edict of Emancipation which put by no means inconsiderable and, an end to the disabilities which as Dr. Giovanni Luzzi, former .confined the work of the Walden- Dean of the Theological School and sians to the valleys. From this translator of the "Fides et Amor" time on the story of the Walden- version of the Bible, has said: "The sians is that of the establishment development of the mustard seed of new institutions and the spread is not susceptible to any numerical of the work. valuation; and there is no human It is not my purpose to describe or mechanical dynamometer able to these various institutions which of measure the mysterious process by course include schools, orphanages, which the leaven of the Kingdom homes for the aged, Sunday-schools slowly but radically transforms an and missions as well as churches. individual, a family, or a country."

What I wish to emphasize is that In Uruguay and Argentina there immediately upon the removal of are colonies of Waldensians num- disabilities the Waldensians moved bering about four thousand peo- out into a larger sphere of activity. ple with eight self-supporting

churches, and there are a number Two criticisms are sometimes of such colonies in the United made of the Waldensian Church. States, chief of which is that at The first is that it lives by antag- Valdese, North Carolina, number- onism to the Roman Catholic ing about fifteen hundred people Church. The falseness of this ac- and with a strong church affiliated cusation seems to me to be ade- with the Southern Presbyterians. quately shown both by the history A number of Protestant Italian- of times past and by the activities American churches in this country of today. As a Director of the have Waldensian pastors or mis- American Waldensian Aid Society sionaries, and the origin of not a for nine years my experience with 'I > I( THE REFUGIO OF CARLO ALBERTO AT LUSImNA SAN GIOVANNI few of these churches can be traced the policies of the Waldensian back to the Waldensian Church in Church and my relations with its Italy. representatives lead me to be confi- Waldensian concern in education dent that the prevailing spirit is is proverbial. Berard has pointed that so beautifully and clearly ex- out that it was a striking fact in pressed by Carlo Lupo, of Turin, the Middle Ages that every Vau- who recently said: dois had a rudimentary education; As to the character of our work, and that concern is still one of the we hold that a polemic against the guiding lights of Waldensian pol- Roman Church is sinful. These days are too serious; no human organiza- ,. icy. It is reflected not only in the tion has the right to boast, over work of the schools in various against another, the monopoly of the 1. 1: places but in the college at Torre truth when this truth is not lived out .1,- Pellice, and most notably in the in the daily practice of life . . . Many distinguished culture of the leaders are the difficulties arising from big- of the Church. otry of every shade, but realizing that 570 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August we are called to be as leaven in the Sweden, France, and the United meal, we seek to perform that sacred States gave $56,842, or less than function. twenty-three per cent.

The second criticism of the Wal- If we make the common mistake densian Church is that which con- of our day and think that big in- cerns money matters. It is some- stitutions and crowds and work times said that if it were not for done in the spotlight and to the the support of misguided foreign- accompaniment of the tom-toms of ers the Waldensians could not con- a peculiar kind of publicity are the tinue their work. What are the only important things, we may well .. facts? I quote from the report of disregard the Waldensians. But Fred S. Goodman (until recently if we are interested in Isaiah's Executive Secretary of the Amer- conception of the remnant, and in ican Waldensian Aid Society) on Jesus' teaching under the metahis return from the last meeting phors of leaven and salt, if we are of the Waldensian Synod in Sep- interested in history and find some- thing to be treasured in the story tember, 1929: of heroism, both in its everyday ."

While the total cost of all phases of as well as its occasional dress, if the work of the churches, schools, hos- we are interested in hardy folk pitals, asylums, pUblication, repairs, and in the stern yet essentially new buildings, etc., was only Lire 4,- cheerful principles of Protestant- 850,000 (about $225,263), three- ism-then the Waldensians may fourths was given in Italy by the Waldensians. England, Scotland, Hol- well occupy a large and generous land, Denmark, Switzerland, Norway, place in our minds and hearts.

In spite of the extraordinary revolutions in our intellectual world Jesus still captivates the human race with the splendor of the divine that radiates from Him. His image has become brighter and more vivid-that is all. Still He waits with a welcome all His own for those who seek God, waits for those who seek the true humanity. A discovery without parallel is in store for him who, in some hour of calm, penetrates all the theories of the centuries and comes out face to face with the human glory of Jesus. This Man once did live here! This Man once did walk our earth! There is a thought with substance enough to grip us our whole life long. But none the less overwhelming is the reaction accompanying that other discovery that God was in Jesus. In Him we behold God living right down among us, powerfully active in our behalf; God as He is willing also to live in us, and bear, and struggle, and conquer. Here is the life of God, clothing itself in a human form; and conversely, a unit of human nature transfigured by the presence of God…… Freely and royally we may take from Him what we can and receive from Him yet today, as we can obtain them from no other source-renewal of life for ourselves, . fulfillment of our ideals for our world, and ultimate union with God.-From "Behold the Man," by Friedrich Rittelmeyer.

, :,~

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY HARRY JEFFS Secretary of thc Evangelical Oontinental Society, London M ANY of the Protestant lions of people strongly under churches of the Continent Communist anti-religious influence. are struggling heroically to The young men and women who · ,i .. hold their own in the face of great will be the citizens and the wQrkers difficulties-poverty, the disorgani- of the future are being brQught up r I' zation of strong churches by the "without hope and without God in !- breaking up of the old Empires for the world," their minds poisoned the creation of new States, and in at the source, and prepared to be some cases by the QPpressive treat- easy victims to every temptation ment of Protestant national minor- that will beset them and a danger ities that have been incorporated to. the stability of society and the in new States. State.

On the Qther side these churches France of the Continent are threatened, The Protestant churches of along with the Roman Catholic France are striving bravely to Church itself, by a widely spread adapt themselves to the new con- atheistic Communism, which scoffs ditions and to play, as they have at all religion, and would destroy always played in the past, a part all churches and religious institu- greatly in excess of their numerical (, tions in the interest of a class-hat- strength, which is not more than a ing "Proletariat." The source of million in a forty millions popula- this bitter relentless atheism, with tion. The French Protestant budg- its destruction of all moral stand- et for Foreign Missions exceeds by ards, is Soviet Russia, where the £20,000 the budget for the home partial tolerance, for a time ac- churches. Those churches have corded to certain Evangelical taken over in a friendly way a bodies, has been withdrawn and number of the former London Mis- conditions have been imposed that sionary Society's stations in Mad- make it almost impossible for a re- agascar, the stations of the Ger- ligious community to worship at man Mission 'in the CameroQns, and all, and absolutely impossible for also maintain missions on the any evangelistic work to be done. Congo and in Cochin-China.

A "League of the Godless," formed At the present time the French to attack all religion, to. bring churches are confronted with a young people up in the starkest new and difficult problem in the atheism, and to scoff at all the migration of young men and wom- moral and spiritual standards en from agricultural areas to the created by the Christian faith, has growing industrial areas where enrolled in Soviet Russia alone better wages can be earned, and to more than a million members. But Paris and other cities. This means II this movement is not confined to that once flourishing and self-sup- Russia. In the new working class porting small churches are finding " I~ suburbs of Paris, for instance, it difficult to keep their heads above there are something like two mil- water, and that the migrating 571 572 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August young people find themselves for Evangelicals in Cuba and the other the most part without a Protestant Spanish-American Republics. In church within reasonable reach in the end the sessions had to be held their new settlement and exposed in a church hall that seated only to influences that may speedily lead 400, the remaining 300 having to to their being lost to the churches listen in other places to broadaltogether. This has led to meas- casted transmission by means of ures being taken to follow them up loud speakers. Rigorous censorin some way by a "Ministry of the ship of the press was exercised to Dispersion." "We must evangelize prevent even mention of the Conor perish" was the note struck at gress in the papers. The most libthe Biennial Synod of the Evangel- eral-minded Spaniards, and their ical Free Churches of France at number is growing, are hoping that in the new Constitution that Moncoutant. is being shaped there will be at Spain least some steps taken to give Evangelicals reasonable liberty of As compared with France, worship and evangelization. In where the Protestant churches suf- spite of all the difficulties, good fer no hindrances from the govern- work is being carried on by these ment and 'have equal rights with Spanish Evangelical Churches. the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelicals of Spain carryon Belgium their mission of preaching and teaching a pure Gospel faith, in the The 10,000 or so Protestants, in face of bitter repressive activities. a population of 7,000,000, are, as Every obstacle "is put in the way of the million Protestants of France evangelists and colporteurs, and and the small minorities in other every pretext is used to stop their Roman Catholic countries, a very work, even fines and imprisonment worthy remnant. There are two are inflicted for alleged breaches sections of the Protestants. One, of regulations. Last September an the Union of the Evangelical Evangelical Congress was held at Churches of Belgium, receiving Barcelona, to which came delegates concurrent endowment from the from many countries, including State, is known as "The National Cuba, and other ex-Spanish coun- Church." The other, relying entries of Central and Southern tirely on the voluntary contribu- America. The delegates numbered tions of its members, supplemented 700, and there was no evangelical by contributions from Protestants church or hall in the city large where Protestants are in a much enough for the sessions to be held stronger position, is the Christian in. Application to the Governor of Missionary Church of Belgium. the Province and the city authori- The two Churches are on the best ties to hire a hall large enough was of terms, linked in a Federation, refused. And yet among the dele- and are united in missionary work gates were leading men of the ex- on the Belgian Congo. Spanish West Indian and American dominions, and there were Ita.ly petitions from those Republics asking that the same liberties should In Italy the Waldensian Church, be granted to Evangelical commu- with its long and noble history, is nities in Spain as are conceded to doing successful mission work, not only in the north, but in the south ings are held in farm buildings and of Italy and in Sicily. The Evan- often in «ottages. The people de- gelical Continental Society has for vour ravenously the Bible readings many years helped its work. The and the simple Gospel messages.

Italian Government gives full lib- They are for the most part so poor erty to the Protestant churches, that Mr. Bychinsky said few tasted and is not at all disposed to allow meat more than three or four times the schools to be captured by the a year. "We are prepared to suf- Vatican, in spite of the recent re- fer," he said, "as you suffered in storation of the nominal temporal past generatIOns, but we do need power of the Pope. and ask for your sympathy and Eastern Europe help. We are organizing a Church in which the Lutheran and Re- The German churches have be- formed sections are forgetting come a most important factor in their differences and uniting. We saving religion in the East of Eu- do ask that no attempt will be rope. They are alive to the need and made to come into our country t ,_ the opportunity and work with the with the intention of starting new Central European Bureau for In- divisive sects."

~r ter-Church Aid, of which Dr. Adolf Evangelical Continental Society Keller, of Geneva, is the untiring I and inspiring Director. An aston- In addition to its nearly eighty ishing spiritual revival is spread- years encouragement of Evangeli- ing like wildfire through the thirty cal Churches, the Evangelical Con- millions of Ukrainians in the new tinental Society is associated with Poland and in Soviet Russia. The the Central European Bureau and, revival began with Ukrainian pris- therefore, takes an active sympa- oners of war in German camps, thetic interest in the support of who came under the influence of Evangelical Churches in the whole the camp chaplains. On their re- of Europe. The Society, by its turn they began to preach and read booklets, has already done much the Scriptures, with results such to inform the minds and enlist the as those that followed the preach- sympathy of British Evangelicals ings and readings of Wiclif's in the concerns of the Continental "Poor Preachers" and the preach- Churches. It acts as a bureau of ers sent out by Luther. Dr. Zoeck- information and has given much ler, of Stanislaw, Poland, who has information asked for by corre- much of the evangelistic and or- spondents with regard to English- 0j( ganizing genius of John Wesley, speaking services on the Continent, I has built up at Stanislaw a great Protestant educational institutions .1 institution for spiritual training and the like. Its committee and I I and benevolel'lt work. council include leaders of most of Mr. Bychinsky, of Lemberg, Po- the Evangelical Free Churches and land, has proved to be a tireless Evangelicals of the Church of Eng- and capable organizer of the com- land. It aims solely at assisting the munities being created by the con- indigenous historic churches of the verts of the Revival. The country Continent, with no thought of pros- ~ j, people flock to the meetings from elytising in the interest of any '.' the whole district around. Meet- British denomination. BY THE REV. CH. MERLE D'AUBIGNE, D.D.

President, SociIJU Oentrale Evang{;/ique, Paris T HE conditions in which we conviction that our duty and our are pursuing our work in privilege is to bring the Gospel of France are rapidly changing. Jesus to our people. And it is be- In fact we have seen since the War, ing brought to them, deliberately in the spiritual and religious realm, and perseveringly, by our general a complete transformation. The evangelistic agencies: the Societe materialistic and agnostic philos- Centrale EvangeIique, the Cause, ophy, which, with Taine and Re- the McAll Mission as well as by the nan, had reigned supreme during various home mission committees fifty years, has been replaced by working in connection with our re- another infinitely more respectful gional Synods and Presbyteries.

of the tenets of the Christian faith In our Reformed Evangelical and mindful of the spiritual nature Church a great deal of attention of man. The Roman Catholic has been given to the deepening of Church, which had lost its hold on the spiritual life among our mem- the mass of the French people, is bers and to a more devout appre- developing a remarkable activity ciation of the Sacrament of the in all spheres of human enterprise: Lord's Supper. An effort to raise social, political, scientific and more the minimum salary of all our pas- than all literary, and by the zeal of tors and evangelists from £70 to its priests, its work among the £104 a year, has been the means of young, its schools and colleges, its increasing considerably the Iiber- mISSIOns and "retreats," the ality of our people, but has weighed strengthening of its sacramental heavily upon the finances of all our action, it is endeavoring and has, churches and societies. It is en- in a great measure, succeeded in couraging to note that, in spite of retrieving the losses it had made the very low amount of these emol- during the last half century. The uments, the number of young men working classes and peasantry are who are offering themselves for the still generally indifferent or hostile, ministry is steadily increasing.

but the well-to-do and educated are Not for many years have we had being won back rapidly to the in- as many fresh theological students fluence of the Church. entering our colleges: 17 in Mont- This change of atmosphere is pellier, 13 in Paris, 12 in Stras- naturally affecting our own work. burg. Our Paris Missionary Col- The days are past when mass move- lege has been transformed, our ments towards Protestantism took future missionaries will henceforth I place among the Roman Catholic be prepared in our Divinity Halls population and ex-priests sought and after graduation will spend a admittance into our Reformed min- year at the Missionary House for j istry. Our propaganda has to special training. J adapt itself to the new conditions Our Paris Missionary Society in I, and our enrolment of converts has spite of grievous financial difficul- to be made one by one. But there ties, is going ahead in its nine fields is no wavering among us of the of work in Africa, Madagascar and 574 I~ • the Pacific Islands, and is contem- son to be thankful for the spirit of plating a forward move'in Soudan enterprise manifested in our vari- from Senegal. ous schemes, and we are hopeful On the whole, and notwithstand- for the future of the Lord's work ing our deficiencies, we have rea- in our fair land of France.

.'" HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BUREAU .- ~. T HE Central Bureau for Re- tide over a temporary shortage of lief was instituted in 1922 as food and clothing. About 200 the- the relief agency of Protest- ological students were enabled to ant churches for helping their sis- finish the studies that poverty ter churches in Europe which were would have compelled them to stricken by the War and its after- abandon, and a new ministry is effects. Up to the close of 1928, being built up for the religious life the American office raised $637,- of the Continent. Promising evan- 382. The European churches col- gelical movements in various parts lected $301,024 during the same of Eastern Europe have received period. The American office took support. The reconstruction of the $62,500 as its goal for the year French Protestant churches de- 1929, and went over the top, re- stroyed by shell-fire was completed.

ceiving $62,922.71, in spite of the Above all, a bond of sympathy has current financial depression. been created between the churches tI A far greater achievement, how- here and those abroad, which has ever, lies in what this sum accom- greatly increased their sense of plished. During the years 1923 world-wide Protestant solidarity.

and 1924 the bureau kept hundreds After an earnest plea by the .,. of pastors and religious workers European churches at an interna- from actual starvation. More than tional conference at Basle, Switzer- 75 Protestant orphanages and old land, in August, 1929, the Ameri- peoples' homes were saved from can Executive Committee voted to having to close their doors. More continue for another five years.

than a hundred others received The Bureau looks toward an an- grants which enabled them to make nual goal of $50,000, or a total of absolutely necessary repairs or to $250,000 for the five-year period.

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR BY E. J. CODY, NEW YORK T HIS year marks the centenni- fellow men, and if any land ever al of the Episcopal Mission to needed help it was the Greece of Greece. Missions are usually that day. Ground under the heel of sent to those to whom the Gospel is Turkish oppression for four cen- II unknown and obviously it has been turies, the urge of a free people known in Greece since the time of for their rights culminated in the Christ; but there is still another Seven Years War and continued Christian duty, that of aiding our until the combined fleets of Eng-

land, Russia and France destroyed on July 18, 1831, they opened the the Turco-Egyptian fleet. During doors of their own home in Athens the struggle, the sympathy of the to all poor children of the city.

entire civilized world was aroused, Four years later their daily at- and men like Dr. S. Howe, of tendance had risen to over 750 America, and Lord Byron, of Eng- pupils. That their work was ap- land, together with Philhellenes preciated is shown by the manner from many other countries, enlist- in which the parents rushed to the ed in the Greek army and many of defense of the school when several them gave their lives while in its influential papers attacked them service. for teaching religion. These peo- Peace was declared in 1829, and ple, high in governmental, adminis- many governments aided Greece in trative and commercial circles, her efforts to achieve self govern- quickly defeated this attack, but it ment and economic independence. served to bring the good work of With a knowledge of the needs of Dr. Hill to the notice of the Gov- these people and a belief that ernment.

Christians were more responsible The Hills had been content up for the welfare of their fellow men to this time to teach all those who than governments, the Board of the came to their doors, but a peculiar Protestant Epi~copal Missionary combination of circumstances de- Society appointed the Rev. John veloped which resulted in Dr. Hill Henry Hi)J, D.D., LL.D., as mis- introducing and establishing mod- sionary to Greece. Although born ern education in Greece. Kapodis- in England, he was educated in this trias headed the Government at country, both at Columbia College that time and had little sympathy and the Theological Seminary at with education. He had been Alexandria, Virginia. Shortly after trained at the Russian court and his ordination he married. Sail- believed that educated masses were ing from Boston, they landed at too inflammable and had too much Syra, one of the islands of the tendency to revolt, so he took no Grecian archipelago, Dec. 7, 1830. steps to supply the badly needed The conditions they found were ap- schools until public opinion defi- palling. Poverty, misery, ignor- nitely forced him. When con- ance and superstition were on fronted with this necessity, he de- every hand. Schools and churches cided to import several Bavarian had been prohibited by the TurkIsh educators, having been impressed Government and the amount of il- by their autocratic attitude and literacy was matched only by the contempt for the peasant class. The perverted religious tradition which superior bearing of these men al- resulted from the attempt of the ienated the students, while their Turks to graft Mohammedanism methods and discipline eventually on the Greek Christian faith of caused an open rebellion. This re- the people. volt of the students was so strongly The Hills spent several months supported by the people that the inspecting their new territory and system was abolished.

in analyzing the needs of the peo- Mystoxides, the Minister of Edu- ple. They decided that more could cation, knowing the position of be accomplished by educating chil- esteem and affection in which Dr.

dren than in any other manner, so Hill was held by all classes, finally

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR

asked him to open a teacher's col- at long intervals. His few remain- lege where native Greeks might fit ing relatives still smile when they themselves to fill positions in the remember his embarrassment at various schools and universities having to relearn English upon which were being established. Dr. his arrival. In the school and in Hill agreed on the condition that their own household the Hills used he was to select half of the pupils the Greek tongue. In 1869, he re- for the school and defray half of signed as active head of the school, -.1' _ the expense, the Government bear- feeling that his advanced age un- ing the remainder of the cost and fitted him for further efficient selecting the other pupils. Mys- direction, turning the school over toxides agreed to this and the new to Miss Bessie Masson, his wife's school was opened. Due to the small niece. He remained on the adviso- number of teachers available, only ry board, however, until his death twenty-five students were admitted on July 1, 1882.

the first year. As time went on this He was buried in the mission class became larger and after an cemetary at Athens at public ex- intensive course in pedagogic meth- pense, with the honors of a Grand ods, the graduates gradually filled Commander, before a °great crowd the various schools and universities of people representing every class of the country. This class con- of society. The city council of tinued until the various schools Athens voted to erect a monument were able to train their own pupils commemorating his services with as teachers. the love and gratitude of the Demos In 1835, the many weary months of Athens, an honor never before of overwork and nerve strain accorded to anyone. Two years threatened Mrs. Hill with a nerv- later, in 1884, Mrs. Hill joined her ous breakdown and she returned husband in his last rest.

to America for a rest. On the day A century has elapsed since the she sailed, King Otho wrote, ex- foundation of this school and thou- pressing his pleasure and grati- sands of children have passed into tude for her work and conferred on its doors to emerge as cultured her a gold medal as a lasting token women. Not only in Greece but of his appreciation. Dr. Hill ar- all up and down the Mediterra- dently desired to accompany and nean, Greek women living far from care for her on that long trip, but Athens send their daughters to it.

his work in connection with the That the high cultural, intellec- '(0 newly opened school held him in tual and spiritual level Dr. Hill Greece. Mrs. Hill arrived in the visioned lives after him is shown United States in the summer of by a letter from the Honorable C.

1835. Under the care of friends Gondicas, Minister of Education she quickly recovered, held numer- and Religion, dated December 18, ous conferences with other educa- 1928, wherein he writes: "I am tors, and by appeals to friends and glad to tell you that the Hill School others interested in the work be- is very wellknown to this Ministry ing done, was able to return to as one of the best schools in !I Greece with several thousand dol- Qreece; as much for its regular lars for further improvements. and efficient work, as for the really Dr. Hill remained in Greece all great services which it has rend- his life, coming to this country only ered to female education."

2

PEACEFULLY ON THE

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary oj the Presbyterian Board oj Foreign Missions, New York· .t MID wars and rumors of wars, America. Yet this is war-torn, f l charges and counter-charges distraught China!

of General Yen Hsi Shan and Quite probably, lurking in or be- of President Chiang Kai Shek, I yond the hills I see, there may be am sailing peacefully up the Yang- roving bands of bandits. A man tze toward Hankow, China's Pitts- was kidnapped during the week burgh or smoky mill city. On the within 13 miles of Nanking. As I left is the fading outline of beau- walked along the streets of Soo- tiful Purple Mountain, sloping chow three days ago, my com- gracefully 1,300 feet skyward back panion pointed out to me a poster of Nanking. On the right is a level that was still wet with the paste plain in the foreground, green to that attached it to the pillar. "Do the very rivet's edge with growing you see that character?" he said.

reeds. A few cattle are grazing in I looked and saw. It was as strange the distance. Back of them are to my foreign eyes as any other of trees and rising ground. A house the many thousands of written here and there, or a collection of characters our Chinese friends use them in a small village, peeks out for the conveyance of ide a s.

in the landscape. Back of them on "Well," said my friend, "That char- an elevation of the foothills I see a acter means 'man.' It is placed temple, and on beyond a pagoda upside down and that means a 'lost rises from the top of a higher hill man' or a man who is out of place.

as protection from evil for the He has probably been kidnapped dwellers in village and countryside. and this poster relates to him."

Against the sky, in the background Yesterday evening's paper records of this picture there rises a range the fact that two days ago in of higher hills or lower mountain Shanghai, Mr. Tong Tzezeu, one of peaks in graceful undulation. Their the compradores (highly paid and sides are not bare and barren, as I trusted employee) of the Bank of had expected to see all of China's Communications, was kidnapped mountains, but clad from base to by a band of four armed men as summit with verdure. They are he was leaving his front door for not completely forested it is true, his office and was about to enter but neither are their slopes barren his private automobile at the curb.

and sunbaked. The range parallels The chauffeur was shot in the the river and over it are resting shoulder as he attempted to aid his banks of stationary clouds – the employer. The bandits put Mr.

whole an area of quietness and Tong into his own car and drove peace in the countryside such as is away before bystanders realized found in many a spot of our own what was happening. This was • Mr. Trull is visiting the missions In Asia. before office hours in the morning. His "Travel Letters" are so interesting that we At five p. m. Mr. Tong's car was wish they could be printed in full. Space found on Ping Tsi Lee Road in the limits, however, permit us to cite only a few French Concession, but he was not portions. We hope to give extracts from other letters in subsequent issues.-EDITOR.

578 ,.,..t.

in it. The technique reads like that steam past the danger zone of " of American bandits making off South China.

with bank deposits or registered A friend who made a visit to the mail pouches. The Shanghai police missions some time ago, traveling are investigating the case. westward, told me that by the time Monday morning Chinese sol- he reached Canton he looked at diers arrested two armed robbers things with a glassy stare. Impres- in the act of holding up a shroff sions failed to register. We have .( . (business agent) aboard a Shang- come eastward to Canton and be- hai-Hangchow train as it was pass- yond, a longer route, and we no ing through Lunghwa Station, longer feel for the camera when a about half an hour out of Shang- donkey appears on the sidewalk, hai. We were over this line last nor exclaim with surprise when his week and we noticed that when the hoarse and strange bray rends the conductor passed through the train still air. We do still thrill, how- to collect tickets, four soldiers ac- ever, at the sight of a Chinese junk companied him. Such a procedure on river or canal with its broad ,. on the Philadelphia and Reading picturesque sails set to the breeze, Express or. the Santa Fe Chief and at the beauty of the camel would be regarded by the pas- back bridges over canals with sengers as a bit unusual. But in gently rising steps from either end China "there's a reason," and no to the middle, shaped underneath one questions the logic of it. to a semi-circular arch from the Further south on the coast below two banks. We rej oice, too, in the , Hongkong dwell the descendants, curved lines of the Chinese roofs, I as far as trade is concerned, of the their figured decorations and their buccaneers of the old Spanish color tones. China has for us a Main. They are men of a different charm peculiarly its own, and is race from those who roamed the registering impressions on mem- Caribbean Sea years ago, but they ory which we trust may linger with are akin to them in purpose, dar- us long.

ing and adventure. They have Our boat to Hankow, six hun- terrorized small coastal shipping, dred miles up the Yangtze from f' the countryside, and up the Pearl Shanghai, the "Kutwo," is a com- River to Canton and beyond. They fortable river craft, with large boast that some day they will board sleeping cabins, a combined dining a large liner, pilot it to one of their room and lounge, wide decks with lairs and strip it of such booty as steamer and other comfortable they want. This seems an idle chairs in which to recline and en- threat, however. The intelligent joy relexation as the eye rests on among the pirates, who alone might the changing scenery. I was told stage such a performance, know that the trip to Hankow was one well that wealthy travellers carry of the most restful in China, and their money in checks and not cash, the first few hours of the experience ., and that booty in a liner's hold is supports this claim. It is differ- too bulky to remove quickly and ent from another boat trip that we I could not be readily handled or con- have had along China's shores and verted into coin. So let world I would recommend this one as travelers and others on the liners others have to me.

rest easy on their pillows as they Yesterday my host pointed out "

to me on a map the region in which cause of a motive. All honor to he and the other evangelistic mis- our heralds of the News! sionaries at Nanking itinerate. It The scheduled time for the upis their country field. Miss Jane river boat to leave Nanking for Hyde is out there now. He showed Hankow is six a. m. and inquiries me the two points between which of the line's agents confirmed this she was t r a vel i n g yesterday. report. Folks told us that boats "What is the mode of conveyance?" often do not get away until noon I asked. "Wheelbarrow or don- or later. Who wants to take the key's back" was the reply. Neither chance, however, when a set itinis as restful as my present trip on erary up-country is dependent on the "Kutwo." There is no other the steamer? Why not phone the way, however, by which to go dock before getting up and find out through some parts of the country when the "Kutwo" will arrive? field in China today, unless one There are three objections to so walks or is carried in a sedan chair. sensible a thing; there is no tele- Roads are being constructed in and phone in the home where you are near the large cities for use by staying; there is no connection in motor cars, and within the next the office of the steamer on the hulk few years thousands of miles of of a discarded boat tied to the river highways will connect all parts of bank; the office on said hulk opens China with one another. This era at nine a. m. of wide roads is just beginning, In the circumstances, would you however. .For centuries one of the rise early and go down to the dock most traveled highways in China, on the supposition that the "Kutwo" hundreds of miles long, was but might be waiting there for you, or twenty-seven inches wide, sufficient would you roll over and take anfor chair bearers to walk on. It other nap? Well, we rose early has now been widened part of the and drove nearly six miles to the way for the use of the automobile. river. We reached the dock at Perhaps in no other land than 6: 30 a. m., as we knew the boat China will one see today so many would hardly leave within half an different modes of transportation hour if she should chance to arrive and travel, the most primitive in on time. We boarded the hulk alcontrast with the most modern. ready mentioned. No benches were For years to come there will be in sight. An iron capstan or two many a hamlet far removed from were visible but not inviting, so we train, steamer or highway. Into looked in the cabin windows and these places, as well as into the saw the desks and chairs of the large centers, will still go the mes- company's office. An obliging emsengers of good tidings of salva- ployee, who we discovered was a tion, as they are now going and as member of one of our churches, they have gone since the beginning told us we might use the office for of the missionary enterprise in writing purposes. So we brought China. Miss Hyde and other evan- our portable into action. About gelistic missionaries think little of ten o'clock, smoke on the eastern the discomfort of a wheelbarrow horizon indicated the approach of or of a donkey's back. They use the "Kutwo." There was quite a them as means for a message be- bit of loading to be done, and by

SAILING PEACEFULLY ON THE YANGTZE

a 2: 15 p. m. she loosed her moorings the former, the deposit of the coffin and set her prow up-river for on the ground might be only tem- Hankow. porary location, until removal to Impressions of China's Millions the permanent tomb. In locating the proper spot for the final rest- Massed multitudes, living and ing place, the soothsayer is ordi- dead! This is one of the very dis- narily consulted by the supersti- tinct impressions of my first days tious. He also advises as to the on Chinese soil. It is one thing to lucky day for the final rites. If a read the figures 400,000,000; it is person dies far from the ancestral another to come in direct contact home and there is a family burial .' with this vast multitude of human plot, effort will be made by his sur- beings, a fourth of the human race. vivors to place his body with the .., THE BOA'l' POPULA'l'ION AT CANTON Many times 400,000,000 have fin- ancestors even though it may be ished their struggle for existence. years before this is accomplished.

In the fields, on the hillsides every- Regard for ancestors is one of where, one sees mounds covering the characteristics of the Chinese.

the mortal remains of the dead. In It is a worthy trait, serving often- parts of China it is not the custom times as a restraint from evil doing to inter, but to place the coffins on and as an incentive to good. Chil- the top of the ground. We saw dren are early taught filial piety them there without any cover and they respect old age. The dead .' whatever, the lids deteriorating are not forgotten by the living. In from the effects of the weather. many cases, there is evidently fear . (, Some have a covering of straw as to what the departed may do if matting; on others earth is heaped their spirits are not properly re- . , i- or there is a brick covering or a spected; but mingled with this is I" stone or concrete mausoleum. In also filial regard and a deep feeling the latter cases, these were the final of unity with those who have gone resting places of the departed. In on before. I was in South China

in early April when people visit the roadway, he is surrounded by a graves, bringing food and paper curious yet friendly throng who money. They burn the money so simply stare, evidently wondering that the souls of the departed may why the stranger stops instead of have in the spirit world provision proceeding. There must be some for existence there. Incense is also cause, so "Let's stop too and find burned as an offering, and a paper out," reasons the bystander. If streamer, attached to a stick, or a you are inclined to shop, the entire branch of a willow tree, is stuck neighborhood of the store is inter- into the ground to keep away evil ested. Some brass locks attracted spirits. The significance of these my attention one day as I walked rites doubtless differs with the in- down a narrow street. The fact dividuals engaging in them. Com- that I was interested in locks mon to all is belief in the existence aroused the interest of passersby of the departed in the spirit world in me, as a possible purchaser. So and a desire to pay tribute to them. they stopped to watch the for- Among the boat population of eigner negotiate a purchase of Canton I saw willow branches at- about thirty cents value. They tached to the bows of most of the wanted to see my selection and sampans, "slipper" boats and junks hear the bargaining. One at- as tribute to the ancestors whose tracted another and soon there was bodies rest not under any mound quite a group in front of the shop on land but beneath the waters of opening on the street, blocking the the river. sidewalk. A Chinese might have It wa~ my first sight of the boat bought that lock without attract- dwellers on the river at Canton, ing notice, but for the foreigner to thousands huddled together like do it caused a traffic jam. If New sardines in a tin, that gave me a York's majority resident popula- novel impression of China's massed tion were black-haired, yellow- multitudes. I have seen large skinned, with almond-shaped black crowds on shore many a time. But eyes, they too would linger for a never before have I seen little "sight see" of a barbarian with "slipper" boats, about four feet light hair, white skin, and round j wide by fifteen or twenty feet long, blue eyes buying radio material ~ some bigger, crowded side by side from a sidewalk store on Cortlandt t in one great mass. The breadth of Street. Human nature is about the life for these river folk is well same whether in Canton, China, or I typified by the size of their craft. Canton, Ohio. It is not a man's They are born, live and die within race but his human nature that j cramped quarters. Life to them is makes him curious and eager to meager in its content. Years spent see the strange and novel. I was j within eighty square feet of space looking for what was to me strange is a narrow range for existence. and novel in China. The Chinese I On shore, there are also multi- were looking at what was to them tudes, swarming in and out of the strange and novel, myself. We J narrow streets, dodging rickshas, were therefore both alike. The …. heavily laden drays pulled by men, only difference was that there hap- .,J carriages, automobiles, buses and pened to be more of them than of trucks. If a foreigner stops, even me, and so they jammed the street for a moment, on the sidewalk or in front of the shop.

AND THE CHINESE

BY T. A. BISSON Research Department of the Foreign Policy AS80ciation T HE question has been re- to China were in default, and while . peatedly raised in recent China still lacked a stable govern- months why various groups ment to underwrite the new issues.

in the United States that should be The attitude prevailing in Americooperating whole-heartedly to- can business circles was officially ward relief of the Chinese famine sanctioned by the report of a Red are quite evidently working at Cross delegation that visited China cross purposes. The American during the summer of 1929. Acting people have not been deaf to the on this report, the central commit- call for relief; well over $1,000,- tee of the American Red Cross in 000 has been contributed in the September, 1929, decided against last two years. But the appeal has entering upon famine relief. not been unanimous, and the re- The positions adopted by these sponse has therefore not been ade- influential groups in the United quate to the need. Mr. Grover States rest upon three contentions: Clark, former editor of the Peking 1. That the famine is not a natural Leader, recently returned from the calamity but the result of internal famine district, has estimated that political dissensions; 2. That the at least 5,000,000 people have al- existing political disorder renders ready died as a direct result of this relief aid from the outside ineffec- famine in northwest China, and tive and impracticable; 3. That that at least another 2,000,000 will foreign aid in relief work lessens be dead before the next crops come the sense of responsibility of the in. In other words, before the fam- Chinese for dealing with the famine is ended it will have killed more ine problem. than half as many people as the The answer to the first of these World War killed in Europe. Why contentions is unequivocal. For has there been no effective nation- three consecutive growing seasons wide mobilization of the resources very small crops or no crops at all of the United States on a scale suf- have been harvested in China's ficient to meet this need? vast northwest, owing to the scar- It is no secret that those who are city of rainfall. Mr. Grover Clark genuinely interested in relieving writes: the situation in China have found This long continued drought is the it impossible to stir the controlling basic cause of the famine …… Milibusiness interests of the United tary disturbances, incidental to the States into activity. A number of quarreling of the various chieftains American banking firms have been for self-preservation or power, unapproached with the proposition of questionably contributed to the sever- ity of the effects of the drought. But setting up a Chinese credit for the they were not the primary cause-as purchase of food supplies. These is sufficiently demonstrated by the fact firms replied that they could not that, while military disturbances have assume the responsibility for new been considerably worse in the Yangcredits while previous loans made tze valley and southern China than i~ 583

the north, there has been no famine rent and future income of the governthere because there has been no ment which floated the loan. This drought. loan, made by the present Govern- ment, was therefore definitely more The second contention-that po- of a sacrifice for relief than anything litical disorder renders relief aid which the Government did in 1920-21. from the outside impracticable-is contradicted by the experience of In other words, the Chinese, 'both the China International Famine as private citizens and governmentally, Relief Commission, unquestionably have shown in this famine a much the ablest and most experienced greater sense of responsibility for body now dealing with famine pre- meeting the relief needs of their own vention and relief in China. In a people than they did in the last big statement issued November 6,1929, famine. the executive committee of this organization stated: This statement was penned be- fore the catastrophe of the past In its actual administration of re- winter had occurred. The most conclusive proof that relief from lief, the China International Famine the outside can be effectively ad- ministered has been afforded in the Relief Commission has received the past three months. At the request of the Federal Council of Churches, cooperation of the Chinese authorities the Foreign Missions Conference and the National Christian Counto the fullest' extent. In spite of the cil of China, a campaign for $2,- 000,000 has been conducted in the disturbed conditions, the relief work United States. Since February 1, 1930, the China Famine Relief has has gone forward without interference cabled $525,000 to the National Christian Council of China, which by bandits or others. The total losses is supervising the administration of funds. In May food was being even indirectly chargeable to the dis- distributed in twenty-two counties on the Shensi plateau. Seed beans turbed conditions have amounted to to the amount of 300 tons have also been delivered into Shensi for less than Mex. $800 (Gold $400) in a planting. This relief has been ad- ministered despite the fighting that total of relief supplies and money dis- has been taking place in the neigh- boring provinces. The military tributed of over Mex. $2,000,000 (Gold and civil 'authorities in north China have cooperated to the utmost; $1,000,000). ' and no seizures by bandits or sol- diers have occurred. The third contention:-that foreign aid lessens the sense of re- The campaign of the China Fam- ine Relief has demonstrated withsponsibility of the Chinese-is also out possibility of cavil the praccontroverted in the November ticability of relief. It is time for statement of the China Interna- the creation of a unanimity of tional Famine Relief Commission. public opinion in the United States This body states that the Chinese that will meet the basic challenge have taken presented by the Chinese famine.

proportionately and actually a much larger share in the relief work during this present famine than they did in the famine of 1920-1921. The nongovernmental Chinese gifts so far in the present famine have been nearly twice the total from the same source in 1920-21, even though the period of the famine appeal has not been so long …… Relief supplies were moved without charge on government railways, and all taxes were remitted on such materials. The famine relief loan of 1929 did directly affect cur-

IS CHANGING INDIA?

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No.5, PART 2 * T HE medical arm of missions helping to transform Indian homes is another great force that is by teaching sanitation, the laws of transformingIndia and chang- health, the care of children, and ing the Indian attitude ,toward the prevention of diseases. It is Christ. We visited eleven mission difficult up-hill work, but there are hospitals and dispensaries, besides a spirit and power in the minis- a number of leper asylums and tries of healing that have done some government hospitals and In- much to break down prejudice, dian medical institutioIlS. There open homes and open hearts.

was a great contrast in staffs and Practically all the mission hos- equipment from those with most pitals employ Christian catechists modern buildings, electric lights and Bible women to work among and appliances, and a full quota of the patients. Those who come to doctors and nurses, to the hospitals the dispensaries and clinics hear housed in old unsanitary buildings, the Gospel and carry away Chris- using oil lamps, makeshift appara- tian tracts and Gospel portions.

tus and very limited' staff. It Many doctors and nurses-would seemed evident, how~ver, that effi- that it were true of all-do per- ciency was not dependent on the sonal work among the patients in quantity or quality: of the equip- the hospitals and villages, hold ment. Bible classes, and seek to win to In one city, where the mission Christ those whose hearts have hospital has mud floors, poor light- ?een made tender through suffer- ing, and much improvised appara- mg and sympathetic help. From tus, the government hospital has Ambala, we went with Dr. Eliza- more beds, better equipment, elec- beth Lewis and a Biblewoman, to tric lights and a larger staff. The hold a Gospel meeting in a neigh- mission hospital charges fees for boring village. How attentively operations anq medicines, while the women and children listened to service and medicines at the gov- the story of the Great Physician ernment hospital are free. Not- who heals the soul as wen as the withstanding this contrast, the body!

mission hospital had more patients A wonderful medical missionary last year than was shown in the center has been built up at Vellore, report of the government institu- Arcot District, where Dr. Ida tion. There is the plus of sym- Scudder has been enabled to estab- pathy, loving care, and the Spirit !ish a hospital, a training school of Christ shown by the missiona- for nurses, and a medical college ries that the patients have learned for women. From this center, she to value even more than medicine and her fellow doctors go out week- and free beds. ly to minister healing to villages Christian medical work is also for seventy miles around.

Work for lepers is also carried • On account of pressure upon the space in on .at sixty-eight mission centers, the Home Mission Number in July. only the beSIdes that conducted by doctors first part of Mr. Pierson's Travel Letter No. in their regular practice. This is 5 was published in that issue. The second section is now given herewith.

585

a wonderful Christian object les- The homes for untainted chilson. Formerly, these poor unfor- dren show what can be done to tunates were considered cursed by prevent the spread of leprosy, and the gods and were left to suffer many of these children become and die. Today, thousands are Christian workers. The medical tenderly cared for and are given and the rescue work are helping new hope for a cu~t:!, or find in to change India-and the change Christ the joy and life that leprosy is needed. Men must learn how to treat their wives with consideracannot touch.

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND NURSES AT VELLORE HOSPITAL READY TO GO ON A VISIT TO THE DISTRICT TOWNS As we passed through the leper tion; women must learn that ward at Naini, we saw an old man babies should not be quieted with whose disfigured face was trans- opiates; that children should not figured by the light of Christ as be married; and all sorely need· to he answered our question in regard learn that cleanliness and sexual to his health: "I am well, thank purity promote health of body and "

God, but my wife is suffering." In soul.

reality his body was racked with There are some able Indian phy- t·.

pain and fever, but his heart wassicians and surgeons, like Dr.

at rest. Mittra Das of Moga, and the need

WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA?

for Christian hospitals will doubt- forward and the work of Christian ". less decrease; but there will al- pastors, colporteurs and Bible- ways be a need for the physician women built up the Church of and nurse who minister to both Christ.

body and soul-for the life that "Why do you come to a Chris- now is and for that which is, to tian college rather than go to a come. free government college," I asked There are many other Christian a group of non-Christian students.

forces at work to transform India "Because we find a greater char- -the industrial, agricultural, and acter-building influence here," was other vocational work teaching the the reply. "What are the most dignity of all manual labor and helpful influences you find in this that self-support, character build- college that might be lacking else- ing and usefulness go hand in where?" "Higher moral standards, hand. The distribution of Scrip- better companions, Bible study, ture portions and Christian litera- college chapel services, Christ, the ture carries the Gospel to those on influence of Christian masters in railway trains, in bazaars, and in the hostels," were some of the re- J! villages where living witnesses plies.

would not be welcome. At Kedgaon This means personal ministry, we saw an elderly missionary lady, and it would be difficult to estimate seventy-five years of age, who the amount of work done or the daily visits the railway station as results of such testimony at melas, each train comes in, distributing in district work, in bazaars, in tracts and Gospels. "A verse may connection with church work, and find him who a sermon flees." in the visits to homes by zenana "What do you consider the great- workers and others.

est force for bringing the people of One thing obviously troubled India to Christ," I asked a group many mlssIOnaries and Indian of Indian Christians, including Christians-the fact that when pastors and teachers. "The per- cuts to budgets are found neces- sonal testimony of Christians sary, the evangelistic work is the whose lives commend their words," first and greatest sufferer. The was the answer. This will no large institutions, with their ex- doubt be found to have been the pensive buildings, regular staff most fruitful source of conversions and students or patients, can be in the past. Some have been con- closed only with great difficu1ty verted through reading the Bible and loss. It does not seem so dam- or Christian books, and many have aging to dismiss a few pastors or been attracted to Christ by the other mission agents, or to reduce healing ministries of physicians. their salaries. But the missiona- Great numbers of children have ries feel it, and many contribute received Christian education, but from their meagre salaries to pre- the preaching of the Word of God vent such loss.

in sermon or in personal testimony Those who preach the full and has been most fruitful-according vital Gospel in India have exerted to these Indian Christian brethren. an untold influence in transform- " It has been through this method ing the ideas of India's masses, that the "mass movements" in In- establishing family life on a new dian villages have been carried basis, and building up the Church

of Christ in cities and villages. During our ten weeks tour in But the concensus of Christian India, we learned many things- opinion in India seems to be that including the danger of general the hope for a new India lies in conclusions. We visited the work the proper training of the children of over sixteen denominations and in the way of Christ. This was the societies, from the Salvation Army belief of Pandita Ramabai, who to the Anglican High Church, and gathered thousands of girls into we listened carefully to many di- her home at Kedgaon. Many of verse views of missionaries and these have gone out to teach else- Indian Christians. Some questions where and to establish Christian were raised and some convictions homes. Today, this work is con- expressed that should be shared tinued by the Christian and Mis- with the Church at home.

sionary Alliance, and 600 girls are 1. Adequate equipment and fi- trained in the doctrines of Christ nancial support are important to and in methods of self support. our missionaries at the front, but One of the most impressive spiritual fruitage is not in propor- sights in India is the Christian tion to physical equipment or even village of 400 children and youth- to the size of the staff. The spir- girls rescued from temple service itual equipment of each worker is and boys from the life of the the one great essential for spiritual theatre. In this clean and beauti- results. Therefore the careful se- ful village, the children learn to lection of workers is more impor- know and love Christ as their Sav- tant than the filling of vacancies. , /; iour and Lord. 2. The one great objective in all The "Place of Heavenly Health" Christian mission work is the is on the outskirts of this village, bringing of individuals to Christ ministered to by Christian phy- and their training for intelligent sicians and nurses. Here many and consecrated life and service.

come for the healing of the body The physical, the intellectual, the and find new life for the soul. But industrial and the social work are the center of the village is the important, but unless the personal "House of Prayer," and at the cen- relation of the individual is kept ter of the life in all its departments first, the work which Christ com- is God. Prayer is the natural and missioned us to do is not done- constant means of access to Him. for this life or for eternity.

Between the care of body and of 3. There is great danger in over- soul comes the school for the train- emphasizing institutional work- ing of the mind; but here too God, hospitals, schools, colleges, and in- as revealed in Christ, is the center dustrial work-and allowing them of all stUdy. As a result, beauty to absorb too large a proportion of and joy and health abound. What time, men and money. The Indian a contrast to the sordid, limited Church could not maintain them, life of the ordinary Indian village and too many foreign institutions and to the degrading religious in- develop tasks and habits which un- fluences of a Hindu mela or tem- fit the Indians for their normal "

pIe! If the coming generations of life. '1 India can be brought to know and 4. The study of science, history, follow Christ, India will be economics, psychology and com- changed indeed. parative religion may be and is

important, but for the work of fields and work that cannot be Christ these must be subordinate properly carried on.

to the "Word of God." It is only Second, greater unity; the drop- as we see God in all His works and ping of denominational titles and take His revealed Word as of su- differences and the formation of a preme authority that we become Church of Christ in India.

s t ron g, intelligent Christians. Third, greater spirituality; the "They know God; they know their more widespread adoption of the Bible; and they know man's great- Ashram idea with 'its development est need is for Christ and His sal- of prayer life, Bible study and vation," said an intelligent Indian meditation, sacrificial service, and Christian railway official to me on the spirit of brotherhood.

commending the work of a certain 6. All Christian workers, Indian missionary group. and foreign, need to stress and 5. There is danger lest we feel keep in the foreground the essen- such sympathy with Indians who tial unity of Christ's Church and -j are persecuted for Christ's sake, the oneness of His work. A caste that we fear to urge upon them spirit has been perpetuated in the the necessity of open confession Church in India-at least in some and of following Him at any cost. sections-and this has also sepa- "There would be no Christian rated foreign and Indian Chris- Church in India today," said an tians. Many Indian Christians ex- Indian pastor to me, "if the Chris- pressed the hope that the Church of Christ might soon be one both tian missionaries and early con- in spirit and in name. This can verts had been as hesitant as some only be brought about as the fol- are today to accept persecution and lowers of Christ sink their differ- privation as the lot of the convert ences and draw closer to Him. from Islam or Hinduism." Many believers in Christ are today try- 7. Through all these convictions ing to satisfy themselves by being and hopes runs the need for a greater dependence on God and a "secret disciples." more constant vital fellowship with Him through prayer. The most a "Why cannot I be a follower of precious times of fellowship with mIssIOnaries and with Indian Christ and remain Hindu?" said Christians were times of prayer; a student to me. For answer he but too often the air seemed to be was pointed to the words of Christ so charged with executive duties, about discipleship, ,persecution, committees, business, social amen- separation and confession. Christ ities or other occupations that no must answer such inquirers if they are to be satisfied.

A prominent Indian Christian, time was left for quiet, vital an ardent nationalist and believer prayer. When we realize that we in a Church in India independent cannot change India but that God of foreign control, in answer to the can, we will be more dependent on question: "What would you In- Him and less on money, men, or- dians recommend as the program ganizations and equipment. for the Church in such an event?" India is changing. But He who said: wrought miracles in the past is Fir s t, greater concentration working today. Our confidence is rather than diffusion; giving up in Him.

RURAL CHURCH

BY THE REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D.D.

Director, Town and Country Department, Presbyterian Churl!h in the U. S . ..t.

I HAVE found the study of the are administered now by the Insti- country church a lesson in re- tute of Social and Religious Re- ligion as a whole; it has com- search. ThOey discover solid ground pelled me to view the world as no of fact for our understanding of previous studies did. In this I am rural processes. Before these sur- sure I speak for the men who have veys we argued and differed hope- served the Protestant denomina- lessly, but by their findings, with tions in the United States as Di- the data supplied in other research rectors of Country Church Work. likewise directed by Dean Bailey, We have found ourselves in an in- we know about country life at home ternational and in a religious the- and abroad facts vital to the ater with a spectacle before our church. This research is only in its eyes wider than America, and as beginnings, but the prosecuting of long as time. Now the country it is a wholesome experience. It church in America has begun to puts rural religion in an intellectual influence Foreign Missions. The form, and curiously the result is reason is the same; that the Amer- inspiring, its effect on the mind is ican country church for the past optimistic. Instead of adding to twenty-two years has been con- the discouragements of those who ceived of as an economic-social in- love the country church, research stitution. This conception we owe has stiffened their backs and glad- to President Roosevelt in the later dened their faces. The contribu- years he spent in the White House. tions of the Institute, through Dr.

He received it from Sir Horace Edmund DeS. Brunner as Editor ..

Plunkett, the Irish agrarian re- and as Director, are of priceless ' former, and he, I suppose, from the value to the country pastors and Danes. Dean Liberty Hyde Bailey, to the board secretarieso of Cornell College of Agriculture, The third effect of the country was the mouthpiece of this group. church as a volunteer for world President Kenyon L. Butterfield, service is seen in the discussion of now visiting foreign mission sta- rural missions at the Jerusalem tions in this interest, representing Conference in Holy Week, 1928.

foreign mission conferences, has That discussion had American lead- been for years the best exponent of ers. It enabled the representatives the economic-social religious doc- of mission lands to acquire in a trine; which goes under the title week what American leaders have "The Rural Church." slowly learned in two decades. This Social surveys of rural popula- learning is stated in Volume VI of tions were begun in 1909 by my- the Report of the Conferenceo self, under the impUlse of Dean Briefly it is this: That there are, Bailey, using methods of Professor as Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones says, Giddings in Columbia and Profes- "five essentials of civilization."

sor Henderson in Chicago Univer- To put it otherwise, benevolent and sities. These were continued in the Christian people can give freely Interchurch World Movement and and without fear in five directions; 590 or to restate it, religion works safe- The greatest country church ly in five channels – education, movement was in Scotland 87 years health, play and beauty, agricul- ago when in the Free Church, new- ture, and home making. To help ly separated from the establish- people in these ways does not make ment, a "Sustentation Fund" was them mendicants. In the United established to secure to the rural States we have learned to call these pastors a minimum living. From five the essentials of "the country this experience is descended church program." Every confer- through many changes the plan by ence on the country church assents which every pastor in the Church to them, and they are found in of Scotland is to receive at least every book on the country church, $2,000 and a house, and the author- including the textbook by Father ity of the whole Church is used to O'Hara, the Roman Catholic repre- secure it for him. This plan is sentative of rural churches. called "Maintenance of the Min- The fourth influence of the rural istry." Many of the Free Churches church upon .large affairs is the of western Europe are administer- l recognition of a distinction be- ing their work upon plans of this tween "old work" and "new work" character. A Central Fund suited on a mission field. The boards sup- to the maintenance of the country port pastors and they send mis- church is the key to the plan, and sionaries, but until the rural its operation is so designed as to '~ church was understood we saw no maintain scattered rural congrega- distinction. Until the past twenty tions and churches among the poor years missions were "out West" or in the downtown and congested "abroad"; but now it is evident parts of the city.

that nearly all the activities of our Another service of the rural churches "at home" and some of church in large affairs is its use- those "abroad" are expended in the fulness as basis of national church support of pastors. The recogni- policies. In the union of the " tion of this fact that the boards churches of Canada the reasons for are attaining the likeness of cen- union were found in the condition tral funds came from country of country churches. When the church experience. The Free Scotch were inclined to unite the Churches in European countries Free and State churches they found base their administration upon a their reasons in the condition of Central Fund for the securing to small town and rural communities, pastors of a living; they also do so that the country church fur- mission work in new territory, and nishes an exhibit and a laboratory for the very poor. suitable to the understanding of The country church demands national religious problems.

therefore of our denominations These are some of the impacts that they support their pastors up- of the rural church on large affairs.

on a minimum wage through an I wish to confess that I went into i administration district from the the service of the country church work of missions. This will relieve without any foresight of its im- the boards of missions at home portance. Indeed, I accepted as- and abroad of that whole cluster signment to "The Church and of troubles that go by the name of Country Life," at Charles L.

"self-support." Thompson's request, reluctantly. I

did not expect to find this humble countryman is a sort of egotism of and "decadent!' institution, a wise revolt, his ideals are stated in terms mother, or a sophisticated teacher of persons because he relishes of world interests; but that is just every salty detail of independence, what I found, and so have the other where all are enslaved to the local men who form the "rural sociologi- society. Jacob was an individual cal group" among scholars and ad- because he successfully outwitted ministrators. Isaac and shrewdly deceived La- What is the rural church in it- ban, but he had to plan a getaway self? It is an exacting institution; each time he was thus independent it must have a resident pastor. But and to go at peril of his life. The rural congregations in all lands, same personal bondage prevails in except those in Western Europe, all rustic societies in all lands; it are commanded to get on with an is only in cities that persons are absentee preacher. Now country really free for daily self expression.

people are in all lands skeptical of This is the reason, a bunch of words, they value the deed. They reasons, why the rural church re- are pragmatical and utilitarian, to quires a resident pastor. The coun- the degree of drabness. The com- try people need to see a minister of monplace and common sense are God perform the vital acts of Chris- exalted to a genius in rural China tian living in their social medium.

and dusky Africa, and no less on He and his family are their reli- the prairies of America. Hamlin gious demonstration. A pastor is Garland, an artist, recoiled from the show case of the Sermon on the the mud and manure of the farm- Mount, but an itinerant preacher is yards of the middle West, and just an advertising sheet of the stated his revolt in "Main Traveled Gospel to be glanced at, admired Roads." Just because he was an and dismissed. The "demonstra- artist, he could not endure them tion method" is essential to agri- and they could not interest him. cultural progress, so that at home This is the reason for the captious and abroad the rural church awaits parody "East is East and West is the resident pastor as an agent of West; but the Middle West is ter- solid religious growth.

rible." The meaning of it for the In rural churches religion is a rural church is that it requires a matter of universal concern. One ministry of the deed, the pastor of the first revelations in our sur- must live there, and must perform veys twenty years ago was that in their medium of mud and ma- churches in a community side by chinery and chores lest he and his side share the same fate. They are Gospel be but lightly regarded. characterized by a common set of It must be a personal ministry. causes. I had expected to find one Country people are said to be in- church by competition getting the dividualists. Really they are the better of the other. A study showed most socialized of men. Every ac- that in a given community all the tion is stereotyped; every opinion churches "are handled alike." The is standardized; every change is concept of the "larger parish"

resisted because it requires painful grows out of this discovery, it in- adjustments of organic society, in cludes an area of land with a social which country people are imbedded. population dwelling on it, rather So that the individualism of the than a selected list of confessing

THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS

members. The minister's task is eludes. For instance, it includes bound not by assent to doctrines the organization of play and recre- but by neighborhood association. ation with their correlated devel- In the Larger Parish religion is a opment of things of beauty, but it public matter, not a private hope. omits all mention of the relation of It is an experience of the popula- the church to government and law.

tion, not a special privilege. So It is curious that with the tendency our Lord ministered to the people of American Protestant churches of his time, making no distinction of the present time to advise the between good and bad. He had no legislatures in the making of law, preference for the saints. and with the tendency of foreign The Larger Parish has been ac- missionaries to commend those of cepted by the Protestant churches their number who are advisers of in this country and it is advocated government or of rulers, the J eru- by the Roman Catholic. It is not salem Conference should have the same as the old coup.try parish omitted the mention of all civic and t ., of an established church, though legalistic activities of a church. It II the comparison has truth; but it was not surprising that the dele- is a program, a direction of energy, gates at Jerusalem included in the a limitation put upon the work of program of a pastor activities in the pastor and his people. It is re- the way of recreation and play. The ligion for all the people. whole experience of the Y. M. C.

None but a resident pastor can A. and the Y. W. C. A. is ripely be a minister of a Larger Parish, harvested in that doctrine that the indeed the exactions of this work church should promote play.

upon the minister are extreme. I But the program includes also would go so far as to say that none the improvement of health, that is, but a gentleman and a man of good medical missions; the promotion breeding can be pastor of a Larger of education, which involves reli- Parish. If a man is unable to in- gious education and all suitable terpret Christianity gently and work in schools and colleges.

)',1 peaceably he cannot so serve. If The program includes also the he is contentious, or if his wife is promotion of better agriculture.

fond of gossip, if he can be caught Here is the weakest point in our in a feud or a neighborhood brawl, church program, and this is the he cannot be the pastor of a Larger most exacting requirement ,.of the Parish. He must in such case be country church. If we were.to tell confined in his ministry to a de- what country pastors do well and nominational and sectarian work to stop at·that point we would omit where contentions and oppositions agricultural missions. But we are are possible. commanded by the wisest minds to Is it not obvious that I spoke include agriculture in concerns of truth when I said that the country the church, and for twenty years church is an exacting institution? at least the country churches in Now permit me to say that the pro- America have been teaching and { gram of the rural church endorsed praying for the spiritual influence by the Jerusalem Conference is the that will sanctify the soil. "The mature fruit of years of religious Holy Earth" is a book written by and social work. It is as notable Dean Bailey about twenty years for what it omits as for what it in- ago; the phrase is like seed planted 3 594 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August in the mind of every rural pastor market to pay his taxes and keep at home and abroad. Until the his land. If he retains his land then Christian religion can make the our churches among the Pimas will farmer a better farmer, indeed an be retained, but if he loses his land adequate farmer, contented, indus- our churches will be destroyed be- trious and productive, it has not cause the Indians will be scattered.

evangelized the world up to the This is a great missionary, agricul- measure of its power. tural project, so great that one Yet we have over 100 agricul- trembles for its success.

tural missionaries and their num- A little instance is the develop- ber is increasing in the foreign ment of a handful of mountaineers field. Not all of them, though the in a remote valley to whom a wom- most, are clear eyed and aware of an, Miss Mary Jane Rankin, came their duty to consecrate the soil and twenty years ago as a missionary.

the skill of their people on the land She taught them to pray for a crop to the Lord. In this country are in the spring and give thanks for a many more, among the rural pas- harvest in the fall, and she has tors and the missionaries on the kept them contented and made frontier; put their number cannot them fairly well to do by prayer, easily be stated, for many a man with a good deal of common sense who seems to have no farmers' in- and agricultural science thrown in.

stitute manners is doing a potent However it is done, the ultimate work in the homely task of agri- victory of the country church de- cultural missions. There are great pends upon land ownership, sci- instances. I visited last month the entific treatment of the soil, and a Pima Indians in Arizona. They competent agricultural skill such have always been agricultural and as will bring an income in the mar- never military, except in defending kets of the world. This is just as their soil which they have held true in Africa or in China as it is against Indians and white men for in America. The changes are com- many hundreds of years. Now the mon over the whole world. The Gila River has been dammed in markets are international. The their interest and its waters may food supply and the supply of raw be used for irrigating these ancient materials for the world are now farmlands now owned by the In- soon to be one. The markets are dians in severalty. The huge task coordinated. The price in one mar- rests upon·our missionaries there, ket affects that in another from Drs. Lay, Ellis and Walker, of Shanghai to Baltimore. But the teaching these. Indians the white local situation is always sufficiently man's technique, of selling to them unique, and the minister, to pro- the white man's machinery, and vide the local motives for those borrowing for them the white who at great toil cultivate the land, man's money that they may quickly is a necessary guide to agricultural learn to earn enough, so that they success.

may retain the ownership of their There is a utilitarian appearance land; for just as soon as the water about the country church program.

runs over the Coolidge Dam the It appears as though the church in land of the Indian will be taxed to the country was just a place in pay for it, and just so soon he must which men learn how to prosper.

earn enough in the white man's I daresay that some people believe

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

this, especially those who look on administration of religion in the and read what I have said and what country. Indeed, I would go so far has been written even in Volume as to say that I believe only those VI of the Jerusalem Report. But who can worship can possess the in experience it is not so. The land. church cannot be measured by its usefulness, and in fact these toil- I think that our eager evangel- some expressions of religion in the izing by itinerant preachers can- way of schools maintained, play- not long maintain a country church. grounds and hospitals adminis- It is an institution too exacting and tered, agricultural demonstrations too important to be made a stop- wisely timed and placed, are all in- ping place of a wandering preach- finitely wearisome. The church is er. There must be a pastor, and to be something more than a util- he must have a program by which ity, or it is a failure. To state it his religion will be interpreted to briefly, the country church must all in the community and shared be a place for worship of God; and alike by all, pagan and professor, worship is not a utility. There is sinner and saint. And this church nothing pragmatical about it. You must swiftly turn from confessing cannot find what it is good for; or the gains of Christianity to offer- if you do discover uses of worship ing its tributes to God in worship. they are minor and accidental. Among country people it is neces- Worship is an offering to God. sary quickly to connect the proc- Now the wisest churches in the esses of life with God Almighty. country are offering the opportu- If the business of tilling the soil is nity for worship as a means of rest done for human gains it is soon and renewal.of the soul. Of course abandoned. The only motive for there are many kinds of worship, the toilsome and sacrificial life of not all of them are beautiful or or- the tiller of the soil is a religious nate, but all are serious and fear- motive, and the ends of it must be ful. They all have awe and loveli- an offering to God and a tribute to ness with much to appeal to the God. The highest form of this worshiper. It is my conviction that tribute is in the solemn worship in the worship of God goes 'With the the house of God.

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

BY FRANCES L. GARSIDE, Y. W. C. A., New York EVERY day in every way, the This means contentment, good world is growing better and health, happiness, and progress. . better as a place in which to There remain in some manufactur- live, to work, to play, and to enjoy. ing towns in the United States There are people in spots who will huge buildings falling into decay.

deny it, for they are not looking There are few windows; the loca- ( over the edge of the spot called tion is bleak; there are no signs their home town. Those who look that there were ever any sanitary over, and back over the road the conveniences. These were the world has come, know better. Im- work places where our forebears provements are particularly no- earned a precarious living.

ticeable in working conditions. Today, factory buildings are

large and airy; there are many years, but they show that the gains windows; a grassplot surrounds are steady. With much to be hoped the building with beds of flowers. for, much has already been done.

There are rest rooms, toilet con- Conditions are not as good in veniences, first aid hospitals, with other countries. In oriental coun- nurse and doctor in attendance. tries, girls work seven days a week, Of course, there are exceptions. ten and twelve hours a day, with There always will be, but the ma- only every other Sunday off.

jority are showing a steady im- Wages are poor. Since lack of op- provement. This is evidenced in portunity for gaining an education the reports made annually by a prevents promotion, the future is group of college girls who go forth hopeless for thousands of girls and from the Y. W. C. A. Center in women. In China, the girl begins Chicago every July to storm fac- earning her rice almost as soon as tories and mills, seeking employ- she can toddle. She is not born in ment at unskilled labor. This a mill, but she is literally brought might be called an adventure in up there, sleeping on rags at the human relations, for the sole ob- feet of the machines at which her ject of the girls who engage is that mother works, and being put to they may learn through living work herself as soon as she is tall them, the economic conditions enough to turn the cocoons in boil- which govern the working girl's ing water. Obviously, such a girl life. Only through understanding, has little chance for the education will they ever be able to help, and which will improve her condition, the desire to help others is the but she takes advantage of that foundation of the thinking of more little. Hundreds of girls through- of the girls of today than credited. out China work in mills all day These girls who forego pleasant long, and then hasten, Without sup- vacations to work in factories and per, to a class in the Y. W. C. A.

mills for six weeks in the hottest The difference a little learning part of the year are either grad- makes in one's chances are plainly (-, uates, or in the higher classes in apparent in Japan, where girls colleges and universities. They who earn their living are divided pack bacon, load and unload into three classes. Those with col- trucks, work in laundries, and do lege training who are doctors, law- whatever their hands find to do for yers, dentists; those with common six long weeks, living in stuffy school education who are clerks boarding houses, going without and stenographers, who work long any recreation since their incomes hours with insufficient pay; and (.

will permit none, and making their those without any learning who wages meet every demand. work longer hours at less pay.

The six weeks ended, they make But from everyone of the more a report of conditions as they than forty foreign lands in which found them, and as they lived the Y. W. C. A. is engaged this them. The girls going adventuring word comes: As more girls go in this fashion in the July of 1930 from home to earn their living, the are the tenth group so to engage. conditions under which they work, The reports may not show a great and the pay received for such improvement in two succeeding work, show marked improvement.

LUZZI'S

A work of extraonlinary character and value cessible to all by lowering its price and is nearing cOlllpletion in Professor Giovanni allowing the payment to be made by in- Lnzzi's translatIOn of the Bible into the Ital- stalments. The hour could not be more ian language in twelve volumes, plevell of favorable for our work than the pres- which have now been pubHshed. rrhe volumes ent is. The best men in the Govern- are beantifully printed, and we believe that ment not only do not oppose our the translation will rank among the notable undertaking but are in sympathy with Bible translations of history. 'l'he generosity it and encourage it. of that good friend of the Waldensian Church, and of many other enterprises, Mrs. John S. During the ast year, while I was Kennedy, of New York, has made this monu- completing my translation, I prepared mental work possible. 'l'he following extract a popular edition of the New Testa- from a recent letter of Professor Luzzi will ment with the Psalms. It will be is- interest our readers: Poschiavo, Grisons, Switzerland. May 13, 1930.· DEAR MRS. KENNEDY: You have received the twelfth vol- sued in a few weeks, and you will re- ume of our Bible. Only one volume is ceive the first copy of the volume as now yet wanting to complete the series soon as issued. It will be a magnifi- -the tenth, which I have left for the cent bound volume of about 1,700 last and which contains the Apocrypha. pages, in large print, with 92 plates, In this country especially, to leave the and sold under cost at a nominal price.

Apocrypha out of a translation of the We want it to be in the hands of the Bible would be a great mistake. On greatest number, and I have a plan, the other hand, the faithful transla- which I am sure you will approve of.

tion of it, accompanied by good notes As soon as this volume is ready, I and clear introductions, is more than shah make a present of five hundred sufficient to show a reader the enor- or a thousand copies to Premier Mus- mous distance that separates these solini to be distributed among the Apocrypha from the canonical books Directors of the Italian Communal of the Bible. You will be glad to hear Schools, who have charge of the re- that last week I was able to send the ligious instruction of the youth of printer in Florence the last pages of the country.

the manuscript of this volume also, You wiII not be surprised when I and that at about the end of June the tell you that my heart is full of grati- Apocrypha will be launched. tude toward God, who has so evidently Now that the work is practically helped me day after day from the finished, and even those who in the beginning to the end of my work; to- past had a very faint hope that such a ward you who have been so stead- colossal undertaking would ever be fastly at my right hand and have so completed need no longer fear. I am generously given me the means of receiving from all quarters letters of realizing my great ideal; and to- congratulation – from Protestants, ward my wife who has so persever- I, Roman Catholics, and Jews. They are ingly and beautifully typed my vol- all of one accord in acknowledging umes so that their correction in the ", that my work is done in a serene, im- proof sheets sent me by the printer partial spirit and in a scientific and at has always been easy and speedy. For the same time popular form. If I did twenty-five years have I been working not already know how far from the at this translation, and God has al- ideal my work still remains, all these lowed me to complete it on the fiftieth good people who are continually writ- year of my work in the ministry; for ing to me or publishing in the news- this is my jubilee year.

papers their praises and appreciation, With warmest regards, in which my would make me uplifted. wife joins, Meanwhile our Bible is being spread I remain, gratefully yours, abroad in Italy. We have made it ac- GIOVANNI LUZZI.

597 FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK BY AMELIA WYCKOFF Conference Secretary A NOTABLE event of the cur- methodology of the Episcopal rent year was the first Church and the Rev. Charles R. Church Conference on Social Zahniser, Lecturer on Interchurch Work which was held in Boston, Cooperation at Boston University, June 9-14, under the auspices of presenting a study on the social the Federal Council of the Churches programs of councils of churches.

of Christ in America with the At the Fellowship Dinner, Thurs- status of a Special Group of the day evening, the Rev. Russell H. National Conference of Social Stafford, pastor of Old South Work. A cable from Dr. Adolf Church, Boston, presiding, ad- Keller extended the greetings of dresses were given by Bishop the Geneva International Chris- Francis J. McConnell, President of tian Social Institute to the Church the Federal Council of Churches, Conference and hailed it as an im- and the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson, portant contribution to the inter- representing the Rt. Rev. James national cooperation of churches. DeWolf Perry, Presiding Bishop The Executive Committee of the of the Pro t est ant Episcopal Conference was authorized to make Church, who was detained by ill- contacts looking toward participa- ness. The venerable Father Gation in the new movement for an visk of St. John's Roman Catholic "International Conference of Prot- parish, Indianapolis, a former estant Social Work," a beginning President of the National Confer- of which is being made this year ence, was welcomed to the speaker's at the Inner Mission meeting at table and addressed the group in- Upsala, Sweden, in August. formally.

At this, the first meeting of the The program of the Conference Church Conference, several fellow- for the week centered mainly ship luncheon, afternoon and din- around the theme of the Church ner meetings were held jointly with and family adjustment. Professor the National Conference on Social Frank J. Bruno, of Washington Service of the Protestant Epis- University, St. Louis, speaking to copal Church, which has been meet- the ministers of Greater Boston at ing with the National Conference the Twentieth Century Club at the of Social Work for the past ten opening session, Monday, on the years. subject, "The Pastor's Use of Case The Wednesday joint luncheon Work Methods in Family Adjust- dealt with the better relating of ment," pointed out that motive dis- the various communions to social associated from skill may be among work, the Rev. Harold Holt, for- the most destructive of social merly of the Department of Chris- forces and that there is great adtian Social Service of The National vantage to the pastor in a knowl- Council of the Protestant Episcopal edge of techniques of social case Church, giving the experience and work; but he warned that such 598

FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK

technique developed to the neglect responsibility for social service of spiritual leadership was often work of various local and regional harmful. Thursday afternoon, the federations of church women.

Rev. M. R. Lovell, pastor of the Dr. Richard C. Cabot, of the Mount Pleasant Congregational Harvard Theological School, ad- Church, Washington, D. C., re- dressed a group of theological in- ported on the as yet unique work stitution representatives Tuesday of the Washington "Life Adjust- morning on the subject, "A Clinical ment Center," and Robert C. Dex- Year for Ministers," and Dr. Gay- ter, Ph.D., Secretary of the Depart- lord S. White, of Union Theological ment of Social Relations of the Seminary, New York, read the American Unitarian Association, study made by Dr. Albert Z. Mann, gave a preliminary report on a of Garrett Biblical Institute, study of the relation of ministers Evanston, IlL, on training in social to family life. Friday afternoon, work, offered in theological institu- the Rev. John Rathbone Oliver, tions and the methods employed.

M.D., of Baltimore, addressed a At the final organizational ses- large audience on "The Spiritual sion, it was voted to continue the Viewpoint in Social Work," and Conference under the direction of Miss Mary S. Brisley, Secretary of the Commission on the Church and the Church Mission of Help, Dio- Social Service of the Federal Coun- cese of Neow York, spoke on the cil and its constituent denomina- "Spiritual Values of the Family." tions; to create an Executive Com- Thursday noon, Professor Henry 'mittee of the Conference with W. Thurston presiding, Miss direct responsibility for its activi- Myrtle Louise Evans of the Meth- ties; to apply to the National Con- odist Orphans' Home Association, ference of Social Work for status St. Louis, addressed a group espe- as an "Associate Group"; to fix cially interested in child depend- membership dues at one dollar an- ency, on the subject of "Depend- nually; and to convene in Minne- ency of Children Resulting from apolis in 1931 a day or two in ad- Industrial Problems." She drew vance of the opening session of the upon a study of the cases coming National Conference.

under her own observation, result- There were 172 registrations at ing from industrial conditions this first Church Conference, rep- found in the area surrounding St. resenting the clergy, denomina- Louis. tional social service officials, execu- The Tuesday luncheon period tive secretaries and social workers /, was devoted to denominational sec- from councils of churches, repre- tionaI meetings. A large group at- sentatives from' federations of tended the Congregational section, church women, workers from where addresses were given by church institutions-especially or- Professor Graham Taylor, Miss phanages – professors of social Jane Addams and Dr. Hastings H. ethics in theological seminaries, Hart. Other sectional meetings and interested lay people. It is ( were those of the Universalist Gen- hoped that next year there may be eral Convention, Baptist (North- larger representation from these ern), and the National Council of various groups, and that headway Federated Church Women, with will be made on the objectives of representation from those having the Conference, which have been

stated by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, the operation between churches and Chairman, as follows: social agencies in communities; 5. To make religion a greater redemp- 1. To contribute to the development of tive force in all social work. scientific social work by the Protestant churches and councils It should also be said that the of churches of the United States; Conference was made possible by a contribution of $500 from Mr. 2. To bring church social workers Chester D. Pugsley, of Peekskill, together for acquaintance and New York, supplementing the staff discussion of common problems; organization of the Federal Coun- cil's Commission on the Church and 3. To bring to church social workers Social Service. Mr. Pugsley has the value of the discussions and generously pledged a s i mil a r associations of the National Con- amount for next year. ference of Social Work; 4. To develop understanding and co- A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D., Montreat, North Carolina M OH-TI (sometimes written man, but what was the established Meh-tse) was a contempo- order. That was to be maintained rary and rival of Confu- at all costs and all disturbers of it cius. In the opinion of some he was were to be suppressed. much more of a sage than Confucius. Indeed, in some of his views Moh-ti, in his day, was called a and teachings he anticipated the radical because he repUdiated this highest political wisdom and moral form of conservatism. He created philosophy of this advanced stage a great stir and was beginning to of our Christian era. have a large following, until that other great conservative, a sort of Mankind may be described un- second Confucius named Mencius der the threefold classification of arose, and by denouncing Moh-ti conservatives, radicals and those as radical and revolutionary, sucwho keep to the middle of the road. ceeded in discrediting him and re- To which class anyone may be manding him to 2,000 years of assigned depends on the point of obscurity and forgetfulness. An view of the age and country in ancient Confuciun writer said which he lives. In China the great "Moh-ti was blocking up the way outstanding representative of con- of truth when Mencius refuted servatism is Confucius. He was him, and scattered his delusions perhaps the world's greatest cham- without difficulty." pion of the status quo and of the divine right of privilege. His doc- Some of his "delusions" have retrine of filial piety applied not only cently been brought to light. A to the relation of parents and chil- few of them sound as if they might dren, but to all existing classes and have been quoted from some of authorities, those below owing un- Woodrow Wilson's great state questioning deference and subordi- papers, in which he tried to bring nation to those above. The question for the first time into modern diwas not what was reasonable and plomacy the principles of the Gosright and fair as between man and pel of Christ. Think of a man 450 years before the Christian era

A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS

speaking as he does about social Moh-ti also had an idea of God and international morality. which approaches that expressed What are the conditions really in the Old Testament. He uses harmful to a country? There are the common term "Heaven" in many aggressions of powerful states speaking of the Deity, but unques- against small; oppressions of the tionably he conceived of Heaven as poor by the wealthy, of the weak by the strong, of minorities by majori- a personal being, to whom he at- ties; contempt of the great for the tributes not only omniscence and humble; lack of good will on the part omnipresence, but also righteous- of governments; and the corruptions ness and love. He declared that of ministers. Heaven loves all and is good to all, and argued from this the duty of But princes bearing good will to- men to love one another. In read- ward their fellows would fight no ing some of his sayings on this more battles; heads of families, lov- ing others, would not bear grudges subject one wonders if he might against them; men would love their not have somehow come in touch neighbors and would neither steal nor do harm to them; officials and min- with Ezra and Nehemiah who were isters would be benevolent and loyal; his contemporaries in Palestine. fathers and sons with love between He nowhere inculcated in so many them would be governed by a filial words love to God (Heaven) and spirit; brothers, loving each other, love to one's neighbor as one's self, would find themselves in harmony and but he does recommend the prac- would be easily reconciled if there tice of those virtues of which only were a quarrel. Then, when there is such love could be the inspiration.

good will among men, the strong will "If," he says, "people regard the not harm the weak; majorities will property of other people as they not oppress minorities; the rich will do their own, who will steal? If not be arrogant toward the poor; the noble-born will not be contemptuous they regard other men as they do toward the man of humble birth; and themselves, who will rob? And the charlatan will not dupe the simple- if they regard other countries as minded …… Misery, injustice, jeal- they do their own, who will go to ousies, and hatred may be kept from war?" society by the practice of universal good will. Only a few years ago a Chinese scholar, hearing a missionary'~ When a man practices good will to- sermon, said to him : "You are ward others they respond by loving preaching the doctrines of Moh-ti.

him; when a man helps others, they Go read Mencius, the great advo- aid him; when a man does wrong by cate of Confucianism, by whom the others, they do wrong to him; when teachings of Moh-ti were refuted." a man hates others they reciprocate by hating him. Modern science and general en- lightenment and the leaven of the It sounds as if he might have Gospel of Christ are refuting the been reading by anticipation the materialistic and selfish philosophy 25th chapter of Matthew when he of life of Confucius and Mencius, says: "He who accepts the prin- and the teachings of Moh-ti are be- ( ciple of universal love, when he ing revived; and where they are sees his fellow man hungry he will received will not the way be made feed him; cold, he will clothe him; easier for the teaching of Chris- sick, he will nurse him; dead, he tianity which in some respects they will bury him." so closely resemble?

MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

CONFERENCE BY MR. H. W. PEET T HERE is perhaps no better foreign students in Great Britain. example of Christian unity Canon Tissington Tatlow, who without uniformity than the retired last year from his thirty Conference of British Missionary years' association with the Student Societies, the nineteenth gathering Christian Movement, gave a deeply of which was held at High Leigh, moving account of the perils and June 11-14. Practically every Prot- difficulties which beset most of the estant organization in the British 3,200 Oriental and African stu- Isles was represented among the dents in Britain; half of them to 130 delegates. As the Rev. W. W. be found in London. The women Cash, Secretary of the Church Mis- students found good friends, but sionary Society and the new Chair- most of the men suffered from des- man of the Standing Committee of perate loneliness. He knew one fine the Conference, said at the opening Indian student who during five session, "N0 single church has years in England never once had monopolized the creative life of the the opportunity of crossing the spirit of God. Christ will even in- threshold of an English home and [l dwell these people who will not this was typical. The Church shake hands with one another. should have a stricken conscience These facts make fellowship pos- that it has done so little for these sible." There is no reluctance of visitors. Special pleas were made Anglo-Catholic to shake hands with for a hostel for African students Baptist, or of Quakers "cutting" on the lines of the Indian Students Broad Churchmen or Methodists Hostel in Gower Street, London.

at Hoddesdon. Despite difficulties The initiation of a "Five Years all willingly work together for the Movement" of progress in China spread of the Kingdom. was outlined by Dr. Cheng Ching- The leading subjects before this Yi, Moderator of the Church of '.

year's Conference were Christian Christ in China, a union movement Literature in China and Africa, representing a third of the Protes- due to the realization that litera- tant community. He mentioned al- ture must today be a major and not so the sister "Kingdom of God a minor instrument in the work of Movement" in Japan, led by Mr.

the Church; the rural problem in Toyohiko Kagawa, the Christian India; the situation in South Afri- social reformer, and said that they ca; and the relation of govern- were looking forward to his per- ments and missions. Missionary sonal help to them in China next work at home also occupied atten- year. Dr. Cheng stressed the spe- tion, both from the point of view cial need of a literary campaign, of substituting a real knowledge for even among Chinese Christians among laymen of what missions 60 % are still illiterate. The neces- are really doing today, to supplant sity for literature for those who /'.

the "smoke room" versions as one are learning to read and the coor- speaker termed it, and the care of dination of existing literature 602 agencies in China were emphasized The hopeful signs are the move- by the Rev. C. E. Wilson, Secretary ment in the Dutch Reformed of the Baptist Missionary Society. Church and the J oint Council The same need of books in Afri- Movements of Natives and Euro- ca was dealt with by Miss Mar- peans."

garet Wrong, Secretary of the Reference was made by two International Committee for Chris- speakers to the situation in North- tian Literature in Africa. "The ern Nigeria, where for the past production of literature is not thirty years the Government has treated as seriously as the produc- allowed no Christian missionary tion of literates," she said. There work in a Moslem area. Mr. J. H.

is a growing feeling too, that it is Oldham, one of the Secretaries of not wise to make the New Testa- the International Missionary Coun- ment the chief school reader. Fur- cil, said that we must see that the ther, class books are needed in South African condition of affairs school, and other literature as well does not spread throughout Africa.

as the Bible are needed outside. On the contrary, if a right system, One tribe had for reading matter not based on domination were only the Gospel of Mark and a evolved for East Africa, it should small-pox handbook. The value of have a great effect in South Africa.

fiction must not be overlooked, both "The partnership of government in the vernacular and in English. and missions in Africa," Mr. Old- She had just heard from the Scot- ham said, "is working out defec- tish Mission Bookshop on the Gold tively. This is not due to govern- Coast that the novel most in de- ment but to the fact that the mand there was "The Sorrows of missions there have not a common Satan." mind. A boat won't go straight if Very outspoken criticism of con- rowed by an Oxford Blue and a ditions in South Africa, whence he preparatory school boy!"

had just returned, were made by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, for- I, the Rev. W. J. Noble, of the Wes- mer President of the Michigan leyan Methodist Missionary Soci- State Agricultural College, who ety. "If we had tried to do in India has just returned from an exami- the things done in open day in nation into rural work in India South Africa," he said, "India said: "Much attention is being would have been running with given to rural reconstruction.

blood years ago. The new civiliza- Many Indians are keen on it, and tion which has crashed into the old work at Tagore's school is a valu- order of things there is substitut- able example of what may be done.

ing a worship of the dynamo for The government is doing what it the worship of the witch doctor and can, and the missions and the Y.

of the whiskey bottle for the beer M. C. A., which was the pioneer, calabash. The Christian Church are carefully considering pro- must stand for the sacred right of grams. Education, however, tends personality, irrespective of color. to make the student look away { A sinister situation is developing from the village, while what is in consequence of legislation wanted is rural leadership.

founded on fear. The Church must The Conference devoted a large protest, but it must not seek to part of one session to prayer for gain a victory over white or black. India in the present crisis. Unemployment method of gathering the unemploy- Unemployment has become a serious ment census could not give a true picfactor in the maintenance of home and ture as a person who might have been foreign missionary work as well as in out of work for six months and had the support of many local churches had a casual job the day before he and other religious, educational and was enumerated, had been put down philanthropic agencies. One depart- on the employed list. Darwin J. Mesement store in New York is reported role, President of the National Unemto have dropped 600 employees and ployment League, declared, June 29, another has dropped 400. A luncheon that "estimates of unemployment figclub, maintained by one of the New ures in the United States today should York churches for employed young begin at 6,600,000." Such wide variawomen, reports that over 100 of its tions show the need of more accurate usual patrons have lost their positions information. But whatever the exact and are no longer able to pay even the figure may be, it is clear that the total cost price at which the luncheons are number of unemployed in the countryserved. One of the great milk com- at-large, including clerks, stenograpanies reports that its earnings have phers and all 'other persons on wages or decreased 30% because people are salaries, is distressingly large.

economizing as they have not econo- In 1921, Mr. Hoover, as Chairman mized hitherto. Fifty-four railroads of the President's Conference on Unreported in June that their earnings employment, said: had fallen off 32.8% because fewer There is no economic failure so terrible in its import as that 'of a country pospeople can afford to travel. Two hun- sessing a surplus of every necessity of dred corporations conducting a wide life in which numbers, willing and anx- variety of business report that their ious to work, are deprived of these neces- I• combined net profits for three months sities. It simply cannot be if our moral and economic system is to survive ….. . of this year showed a decline of $69,- What our people wish is the opportunity 000,000, or 19%. to earn their daily bread, and surely in Startling Figures a country with its warehouses bursting with surpluses of food, of clothing, with The Secretary of Commerce stated its mines capable of indefinite production June 26 that there were 2,298,588 un- of fuel, with sufficient housing for com- employed in the United States. Mr. fort and health, we possess the intelli- gence to find a solution. Without it our William Green, however, President of whole system is open to serious charges the American Federation of Labor, of failure.

stated that this was an underestimate These words are even more appIica- and that the inquiries of the Federa- ble today than when they were ,spok- .,1 tion showed that there were 3,600,000 en nine years ago. I men out of empIoyment, or 20% of the wage earners of the country, and that Proposed Remedies "this figure does not include office How the problem can be effectively '.' .. workers or farm laborers." The fig- dealt with is a perplexing question on ures of the Secretary of Commerce which experts differ. Senator Wag- were also challenged by Miss Frances ner of New York, has introduced three Perkins, State Industrial Commission- bills in Congress. The first provides er of New York, who said that the for the systematic planning of public 604

TOPIC OF THE TIMES

works by Federal Government, and the were present and three others, who means by which new construction may were unable to be present on account promptly be undertaken in periods of of illness, sent papers that were read.

increasing unemployment; the seeond The difficulties with which religious for the establishment of an efficient newspapers have to deal were frankly public employment service through stated and carefully discussed. Em- Federal State cooperation, with com- phasis was laid upon the importance petent management and adequate sup- of increasing the devotional element port; the third for the collection of in their columns. The following points more adequate information by the were suggested as essential to success- Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics ful editorship: as essential to plans for stabilization. The editor must be enthusiastic All three of these bills were passed about his job; sincere and not be side- by the Senate and favorably reported tracked from honest expression of his by the Judiciary Committee of the opinion; not take letters of criticism House, but not acted upon when Con- too seriously; keep smiling; read his own paper critically after two weeks; gress adjourned. compare his own paper with others. Hampered Missionary Work The findings included the following: Meantime, the situation has serious A new approach to the circulation job religious as well as industrial and so- involves getting away from the inferior- cial repercussions. Many people econo- ity complex. An educational campaign over a period mize first not on luxuries but on of at least five years, bringing before benevolences, and so the home and for- church members the value of having and eign missionary work of the churches reading the paper, is suggested. This is is sorely straitened. Some boards have to change the mental attitude toward the been forced to cut down their appro- church paper. priations ; others are making ends meet by leaving vacancies unfilled and To make an interesting paper demands an editor of intelligence, industry and technical skill.

postponing repairs and replacements A denominational paper must be a de- of antiquated buildings. Practically nominational paper. all are obliged to neglect opportunities for advance at a time when doors are To hold official support, give absolute loyalty to the denominational policies. Thus is secured freedom editorially.

open on every side and calls to go Everything depends upon the spirit of forward are urgent. It is not a time the editor. for discouragement, but for stronger Editing a religious paper does not in- volve keeping an eye on an advertising faith, renewed consecration and more page.

earnest prayer to the end that the It is a privilege and inspiration to be a part of building up a Christian con- ,. lines may be firmly held until a better science in the world. day dawns, as it surely will. "The come-back will be slow," the Secretary A. J. B.

of Commerce said June 28th, "but we Co~fere~ce for Outgoing Mis- SIOnarIeS can look for reasonable prosperity within the next year." A. J. B.

Among the few things which the Editors of Religious Press acting editor can 'remember with any degree of satisfaction in a secretarial Confer service of 34 years is his suggestion, in 1897, that the Presbyterian Board For several years the editors of the of Foreign Missions bring its newly religious weeklies of various denomi- appointed missionaries to the head- nations have been accustomed to meet quarters in New York for a conference for conference regarding their com- of eight or ten days. He had been mon problems. The conference this impressed by the fact that many new year was held April 29-30 in Wash- missionaries, particularly those for ington, D. C. Twenty-eight editors

the great mission fields in the Far feared its expense. However, they East, came from the middle and far- acquiesced in having the experiment western states and sailed from Pacific tried for one year, and the first concoast ports, so that no secretary or ference met in New York in June, member of the board ever saw them 1898. It was such an instant and before going to the field. As most of overwhelming success that no question the older missionaries arrived at San was ever afterward raised, and it be- Francisco on their furloughs and spent came an annual event in the Presbythem at or near their former homes, terian and other boards. Not least there were missionaries of a dozen or among its advantages has been the opmore years of service who had never portunity for a final physical check up met their board or its secretaries. by the medical examiners of the There were indeed some personal con- boards. More than once this has retacts. Whenever practicable, a given sulted in the. .discovery of defects candidate was interviewed by a secre- which the local medical examiners at tary, and farewell meetings were held the missionaries' homes had failed to for departing missionaries who sailed find, and which, if carried to the forfrom New York-or Boston. But such eign field, would have caused serious interviews and meetings were usually trouble. brief and seldom dealt with questions of missionary policies and methods. Union Conferences Candidates for medical and educational work, having received their training A few years ago, the question natin medical colleges and normal schools, urally arose why boards having headhad received no adequate instruction quarters in the same general region regarding missionary problems and should not hold these conferences in conditions, and some of the ordained common, inasmuch as most of the men had received little in their the- necessary subjects have no denominaological seminaries. They went out tional character, as the few subjects with a consecrated motive to give the that have such character could be Gospel to the unevangelized millions easily treated after the union conferin non-Christian lands, but they had no ence, and as there would be large value clear idea of how it was to be made in having missionaries of various deoperative. nominations meet one another, form friendships that would be prized by The First Conference them in later years, and see the. world- wide work of the whole Church from The result was that there were com- a common viewpoint. Union conferparatively few personal contacts be- ences were therefore inaugurated and tween the board and the missionaries have now become definitely established. under its care. Correspondence indeed The one this year was held in the fine was free and sympathetic, but it was new building-s of the Kennedy School usually between personal strang,ers. of Missions at Hartford, Connecticut, Young men and women not only went and was attended by the newly apto the foreign field without the special pointed missionaries of six denominainformation that they needed before tions-Baptist, Congregational, Episgoing but without that contact with copal, Methodist, Presbyterian and the supporting board and its policies Reformed. that would enable them to work in best relations with it. Enrollment was 175, of whom 140 were new missionaries. The finest pos- The proposal 'that this situation sible spirit of fellowship prevailed. should be met by bringing newly ap- The sessions were pervaded by a warm pointed missionaries to the board's devotional and evangelical feeling, and headquarters for eight or ten days of all felt they were on a mountaintop of special conference aroused some mis- spiritual experience never to be forgiving in the minds of the older sec- gotten by those who enjoyed them. retaries, who doubted its value and A.J. B.

ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The whole matter of Negro slavery looms large in our home missionary study for 1930. With the younger ,groups the following may be used to advantage especially in connection with the study of Haiti and Santo Domingo.

AFRICA-THE CARIBBEANS bringing the story of Cleopatra, the woman of a black race, so beautiful, AND "U. s." however, that she "vamped" one of the noblest Romans of them all! Provide ADAPTED FROM A METHOD the girl with a picture of Cleopatra in By MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER her gorgeous barge on the Nile. Our young people may not at first wish to consider the historic side. The To the second girl give the Queen following suggestions are for pro- of Sheba, also a black woman-who grams to capture their imagination took leap year privileges with Solomon.

f' and interest. Follow with more seri- Help her to bring the thought around ous study. to Abyssinia, where the royal family Africa is the continent of mystery. claims kinship, through this episode, Use the attraction of mystery in your to the House of Judah.

plans. Announce your first meeting No.2. Choose a girl with a pretty as a forum for discussion of current complexion and take the beads of to- questions. Pledge each participant to day back to the ancient Egyptians.

secrecy as to her topic but give it as Have her get from the library some much pUblicity as possible. book with pictures of the exquisite necklaces found on the mummies of Program ancient Egypt.

1. Two Famous Flappers. No.3. Let one of your girls look up the use of cosmetics and show that our 2. Beads and Necklaces. fancy of today goes back to ancient 3. Talcum Powder. days in Africa, but bring her down to 4. Length of Skirt. modern missions by providing her with a picture of an African widow 5. Solitaires. with her face .heavily coated with white as a badge of mourning. (For an older group add:) No.4. Take a girl with skirt six- 6. What Calendar? It teen inches from the ground. Find pictures of ancient Egyptians with 7. The Compass; Where Shall their knee-length skirts and also Zulu and Sulanese women with skirts any- Point? Materia Medica? where from ten to two inches-not 8. Jurisprudence? from the ground but from their Transportation? bodies! 9. "Mr. Rameses, Meet Mr. Moses." 10. Shall It Be the Crescent or the No.5. Bring in a girl who is en- gaged. Let her tell that the popular Star-the Spear or the Book? sign of the selection of the bride all over the modern world is the diamond 11. Was She Justified? Three 12. The Good Old Scout.

Scouts. For both groups use as a finish the Scout's Message.

Hints No. 1. Select two of the liveliest girls from the mines of the dark continent.

you know and give to one the task of Have her tell of the cost of the gem 607

in money and also in the girlhood of to secure elevation for her nation?

Africa. Ask the women and girls pres- What is the result today?* ent to show how many carry a bit of No. 11. Who was the first woman Africa on their hands. to be a foreign missionary? Drama- No.6. Discuss the present date of tize the princess of a great nation the world. For the Moslem the year stooping to save Moses-the child of is 1346; for the Jew, 5688; for the an alien race, of a slave-and giving Japanese, 2587; for the Byzantine, him a chance to learn "all the wisdom 7,436. of the Egyptians." Imagine the first lady of our land, in pre-Civil War Discuss the proposed new thirteen times, fishing a little Negro baby out months plan. Mention Turkish ac- of the Potomac and bringing him to ceptance of our calendar Anno Domini the White House for education and -the year of our Lord Jesus Christ. adoption! Business necessity brings this about. No. 12. The good old scout, the man No.7. Stores are giving away com- who gave himself to a continent-Dapasses. They are indispensable to vid Livingstone. On his grave in scouts. The Moslem compass points Westminster Abbey is the following, to Mecca. What shall be the spiritual taken from his dying words: "Blesscompass for Africa-Christ or Mo- ings on any man, true Christian or hammed? Turk, who will help to heal the open sore of the world." Use this as a speci- No.8. Under Jurisprudence show men of internationalism. Shall we our debt to Africa; modern laws as change it a little: "Blessings on any administered in our courts are based woman of any faith who gives herself on the laws of Moses. Or take Materia to the healing of the sin and suffering Medica. Give the daughter of a phy- and ignorance of those who know not sician this topic. Picture the danger our Christ." to the world of sleeping sickness imported from Africa. Bring in the sleeping sickness of Christians, as to HOW FINANCE BREAKFASTS the need. Or have a railroad man use HELP Transportation. Take the Cairo railroad; where does it touch mission By REV. HOMER L. GLECKLER stations? PafJtor of the First Methodist Episco- No.9. Find somebody with imagi- pal Church of Dodge City, Kansas nation to picture the meeting of Moses For the past two years we have em- with the great Pharaoh. Get a picture ployed the successful method to be of the mummy of Rameses as found described to raise finances needed for in the Boulak Museum and look into the support of the local budget and the face of the man who talked with for missions. A large factor of the Moses. success is simply a breakfast table. Here is the method of procedure: No. 10. Bring in a politician to study the crescent as a symbol of the Preparation world power. Bring a hammer to pic- 1. A strong finance committee of ) ture Charles Martell when Europe was seven representative men is selected. 1 threatened by the domination of Is- About them a group of thirty-fi,ve lam; a spear to symbolize African workers from the membership of the warfare; the book, the means to the official board and others is gathered. allegiance of her people. The workers are divided into three For women's meetings use the fol- • After the above was written a stranger lowing: Give out the topic "Eugen- camp to me saying that she was a missionary ics." Was the Queen of Sheba its first in Aintab in 1913 when the Queen of Abyssinia student ? Was she justified according came seeking a Christian wife for her son and to the morals of her time in her effort bringing a full trousseau, great trunks and bales. This modern Queen of Sheba found an Armenian girl who is now in the royal palace.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

companies, each company being tributed among the captains, care be- headed by a captain. (The selection ing exercised that each group of cards of the captains is most important.) represents about as great financial 2. The budget of the church, in- possibilities as the other.

cluding all the local needs and the 3. During the first morning's break- World Service askings, together with fast a careful statement is made by conference causes, is worked out by the chairman of finances or the pastor the finance committee and approved about the financial needs of the church, by the official board. The budget is the importance of doing the work of printed in detail in the church bulletin. setting up the finances at this par- 3. The date for the canvas, which ticular time, and of canvassing every is called "Loyalty Week," is set. This member of the church for both local should be at least a month in advance needs and for World Service. Oppor- of the first announcement. tunity is given for questions Each 4. Two letters are sent to every captain then places four or five cards member of the church. One is signed (a very limited number) of prospec- by the finance committee setting forth tive givers in the hands of each team, the needs of the church, calling atten- being careful to give out to the mem- tion to the dates of the canvass and bers of some other team than the one urging every member to be loyal to on which he works the names of each the church. The other signed by the worker present. All workers are pastor, calls attention to the fact that urged to make their pledges before the church has no other means of sup- starting out on the first day's work.

port except the voluntary gifts of the Prayer is then offered by the pastor.

people. He also urges the need of all All are asked to see the persons whose the people supporting, by direct con- cards have been given them and be tribution, the World Service work ready to report the work of the day which the church is pledged to carry at the breakfast the following morn- on. ing.

5. The name and address of each 4. As members of the team come in prospective giver is listed on a card. for the breakfast the following morn- This card is a subscription form card ing the captains assemble the reports for both the local budget and the and are ready to report the work of World Service. Subscribers may indi- the various companies according to cate their subscriptions on the card as the form in the accompanying chart.

being payable annually, monthly or (The chart accompanying this article weekly, but all persons are urged to is an exact copy of the results for the pay weekly. 1929 campaign.) 6. During all this period of prepa- 5. It is good to have a little friendly ration the pastor gives a series of Sun- competition between the companies.

day morning sermons on Christian We recognized the company whose re- stewardship. Opportunity is given for port at the end of the first day showed members of the congregation to sign up the best as "the bunch who brought Christian stewardship cards. home the bacon," so we presented The Breakfasts them with a pound of bacon. (The .bacon, by the way, was served at the >' 1. Arrangements are made with the next breakfast.) Another· day the· women of the church to serve break- company with the best report was fast in the church on four consecutive spoken of as "walking long and hard ·f mornings beginning on Monday of and wearing out the soles of their "Loyalty Week." Three tables are ar- shoes." This company was given a ranged-one for each captain and his pair of half soles. One day the com- company of workers. pany having the least to report was 2. Previous to the breakfast cards urged to "dig in"-and the men were of prospective givers have been dis- presented a shovel and pick. These 4

little incidents add to the enjoyment. decided to accept this singular invita- 6. Of course there is no report made tion and so, in the stormy atmosphere at the Monday breakfast, but on each of the Paris Commune, he began to of the following mornings the reports oppose the doctrine of social warfare are made and recorded on the black- and class hatred by preaching the gos- board. On Thursday morning all the pel of Christian love and brotherhood.

remaining cards of prospects are giv- It was at once a venture in faith and en out to the workers. The final re- an international experiment.

port is made at the meeting of the An Astonishing Growth official board Friday night. On this night we have been able to report the Planted in that hard soil, La Mis- l entire budget subscribed. sion Populaire (McAU Mission) has The success of the plan is deter- had an astonishing .growth. Today it mined to a large degree by these fea- includes thirty large Fraternites and tures: the steps of preparation made smaller halls, in twelve centers in Par- for the canvass; the good fellowship is and in fifteen other cities, from the among the workers at the breakfast factory towns of the north of France hours; not assigning too much to be to the Mediterranean, including done each day; and the fact of doing Amiens, Lille, Marseilles, Nantes, the work now and expecting a daily Nemours, Nice, Roubaix, Rouen, and report. St. Quentin. The work also includes Church Budget DODGE CITY, KANSAS Amount Needed-1929-30-$12,666,OO First Day &cond Day II Third Day 1_ Fourth ~_y_ 8S =.. ! ~ S! ~ 1=8S.. ! ~ ~ Is ~ ~ ~ i P:; I~: .. P:; i pd:;;i 8«I .. P:; pd:;;i I' i ip:; P:; P:; i~~ ~~E!<I ~i ~~~I~;~:J. I ~~~I~~f!< ~i Ii~~~1 ~~;:I. ~i !i 5i_~:$151_3.40li~~! 5i~1 $575,~~ _c_o_m_p_a_n_y_A_'_'_'I__ $916,601/1_51 49:$1064'601.1 __ _C_o_m_p_a_nY_B_'_",I__5j 341 12H7,1711_5i~I1477,82,1_5:–=:1 509,90,!_5i~_336,80 .'

Company C ••• 5, 62, 1740.40 I 51 53 1 1086,1611 1 51 22 629.04 51 46 1785.32:1 Totals •••••• 15! J28'$4541.57r15i 1401$3487.50I!/M: 124'$ 3359.32 11; I 151 63 $1541.51 I lI I I I , I Total No, Pledges, 455. Amount, $12,923,51.

HOW A VENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP the evangelization of river towns and IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED villages by means of chapel boats and On the night of August 18, 1871, of inland towns by means of portable an English clergyman, Dr. Robert W. halls and motor cars. In addition McAll, was distributing tracts along there are seven Vacation Colonies and the Boulevard de Belleville, in Paris, Bible Schools in the mountains and by J when he was challenged by a Com- the sea, to which children are sent j munard. during the summer months. An "Come," cried the radical working- enumeration of the activities carried ~ man, "come and preach to us a gospel on in the larger Fraternites would of reality and liberty." mount up to twenty-five or more or- Almost on the instant Dr. McAll ganizations in each.

/- 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Fraternite is a Christian social lines, a dozen or twenty ecclesiastical center, unique and comprehensive in units being represented in their mem- scope. It is a headquarters for reli- bership. For example, at the annual gious services, social gatherings, club meeting of the Buffalo McAll Auxil- meetings, medical clinics, and is al- iary, the roll call is a competition of ways a place where man, woman or representatives from various local child may find moral and spiritual help churches. The Delaware Avenue Bap- and wholesome recreation. It main- tist Church will be called by the Presi- tains recreation and club rooms in dent and perhaps twenty-five members Paris for younger working girls. will stand, the North Presbyterian Church perhaps thirty, and so on until The work of La Mission Populaire the roll call is completed and three is carried on in its entirety by the de- hundred women will have been on voted French people themselves. their feet as the delegates from a score of churches. America'.s Part Each auxiliary is a law unto itself The American McAll Association is as to its method of procedure. In an immediate outgrowth of extraor- some instances, it will be a monthly dinary circumstances, just as the meeting of the executive committee of founding of the McAll Mission in Par- the local auxiliary, supplemented by is was the unanticipated result of the public meetings alternate months and visit of the English clergyman, Dr. the Annual Meeting in May of all aux- McAll, to the French capital immedi- iliaries at which some distinguished ately after the Commune in 1871. outsider is asked to speak. The meth- ods of donations are either by indi- Six years later, Miss Elizabeth vidual representatives or by means of Rogers Beach of Andover Academy, grants from church budgets. Rum- went to Paris for the continuance of mage sales, lecture courses, musicals, her language studies. One day as she most attractive Christmas cards sold was walking home, feeling lonely and each year for the benefit of mission a bit homesick, she saw over the top orphans, social gatherings of one sort of the doorway of a small shop this or another, are successful ways of lettering: spreading interest and information to increase the treasury, as do life, hon- TO WORKINGMEN orary and other memberships.

Some English friends desire to speak to you of the love of Jesus Christ Entranl!e Free Her curiosity impelled her to enter Sewing and here she met Dr. and Mrs. McAll. During the War there were daily The next year she taught in the Mis- sewing meetings at which thousands sion. Miss Beach returned to the of garments were prepared for ship- United States, not to accept the Chair ment to help women and children. of Modern Language at Smith Col- Now two shipments each year are sent lege, but to go from city to city urging over through the courtesy of the Christian women to organize auxil- French Line on April first and October iaries to aid the work. Miss Beach met first. Patterns and finished samples an untimely death in a shipwreck two will be sent, on request, by Miss years later. But as the result of her Elizabeth Congdon. c/o Mrs. James C. earnest endeavors, the American McAll Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York Association was incorporated in 1883 City. .( and today counts some sixty auxil- Vacation Colonies iaries plus twenty young people's aux- I~ iliaries in cities reaching from Boston During the World War the Mission to Minneapolis and from Minneapolis purchased its first Vacation Colony to Washington. These auxiliaries are which cared for orphans. This was a organized 0 n interdenominational challenge to the young people of the

Protestant churches. The young peo- group wishing to plan a McAll pro- ple's groups are devising special plans gram. Movies showing the children for awakening interest in the new of the Mission in action and attrac- generation and in raising contribu- tively colored slides can be obtained tions for the Vacation Colonies, seven from Miss Elizabeth Congdon, Asso- in number: ciate Representative (Young People's Chateau de Coquereaumont, near Rouen. Activities), c/o Mrs. James C. Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York City. Bellevue, La Bernerie, in Brittany.

La Villa Bonne Humeur, Chatillon-sur- A program of friendship is carried Seine. out between the young people of France and the young people's auxil- Les Vallees, Fondettes, near Tours. iaries here. We welcome your letters La Rayee, Gerardmer, Vosges Mountains. to send across the sea. For informa- Stade Coligny, St. Quentin. tion concerning the work of the young Rayon de Solei!, Fresnes-l'Archeveque, in Normandy.

Interesting financial reports of these people's groups in all its phases re- Colonies in tabulated form come from quests should be addressed to Miss France – first, the amount in francs Congdon.

which the French Mission children American Students in Paris give for their own holiday; the pro- ceeds of their own fetes; that given Because American students in Paris by the parents and French Protestants, have shown such deep interest, the and the contributions from Protestants Junior Paris Auxiliary of the Amer- in England, Scotland, Canada, and ican McAll Association has been estab- America. lished with Mlle. J eann'e Merle d'Au- ( Each summer increasing hundreds bigne as liaison officer. Its object is of children anticipate their holiday. to interest young American visitors The Vacation Colonies are at the same and students in the social, religious i time Daily Vacation Bible Schools. and philanthropic work of La Mission They not only hold the children dur- Populaire, and to establish a closer re- ing the summer months, when other- lationship between the American and wise they would be left on the streets French young people.

of Paris and other crowded cities, but Mlle. Merle d'Aubigne, daughter of gain recruits for the Bible Schools, La Pasteur Henri Merle d'Aubigne Mission Girl Scouts, Y. W. C. A. Ca- and granddaughter of the noted dets, and the winter schools of the French historian, extends a cordial Mission. invitation to all visitors to call at her Young People's Auxiliaries headquarters, 46 Boulevard des In- valides, Paris Vll, France. She will Over twenty young people's auxil- arrange a tour of McAll stations and iaries are now organized in the United other points of interest in Paris, as States and increasingly the Protestant well as trips to certain of the Vacation denominational and interdenomina- Colonies. Mlle. Merle d' Aubigne is at tional groups are sponsoring and sup- home on Tuesdays after four o'clock.

porting the Vacation Colonies. She will make plans for special eve- These are some of the benefit meth- ning trips, for those who cannot go ~. i ods: garden parties, lectures, book during the afternoon, to La Bienvenue, &,j reviews, luncheons, coin calendars, de- Maison Verte, Salle Centrale, then partment store sales, rummage sales, through the picturesque Italie section J sale of old gold and silver, of French and ending with a visit to the Latin goods on commission, individual sales Quarter. '. of books, candy, jam, etc. Na.tional Children's Auxilia.ry Interesting programs are carried on • by these groups. Histories of the Va- AIM-Friendship. To interest the .. '

cation Colonies with attractive photo- American children in the French chil- graphs will be sent to any person or dren. To encourage our children who

/. 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

are friendly to love the children who 5. Youth is vitalized by its teachings.

are friendless. 6. The commonest work of life is PURPosE-Service. Making simple glorified by it.

gifts for French children. Writing 7. It contains the finest poetry and letters and sending snapshots to the greatest eloquence.

French children. Sending gifts of 8. It is light on the pathway in the toys, games, scrapbooks, pictures, and darkest night.

clothes. 9. It is a sun that never sets and it MEMBERSHIP. Children are eligible shines for all.

for membership from the cradle to 10. Its jewels of promise never lose , fourteen years of age. The yearly their lustre.

dues of one dollar entitle a child to 11. The presses on which it is printed become a member of the "FR-AM"- are never silent.

France-America. Member·ship cards 12. It leads business men to integrity must be signed by child and counter- and uprightness.

signed by parent or guardian, who as- 13. It is the great consoler in bereave- ment.

14. It drives clouds from the sky and shelters from the storm.

. ~. 15. It breaks the chains of the pris- oner.

16. It is a fountain whose waters are sweet and sufficient.

17. It answers every great question of the soul.

..1 1 18. It solves every great problem of life.

19. It is a fortress often attacked but never faIling.

sumes responsibility for the keeping 20. Its wisdom is commanding and its of this pledge. Quarterly letters giv- logic convincing.

ing news of our children in both 21. It blazes trails through trackless France and America will be sent to forests.

each member. 22. It civilizes barbarous peoples.

Programs for children's parties, in- 23. It is the garden of beauty and cluding French games, French songs, fragrance.

French stories, tableaux, etc., can be 24. It disappoints no hopes.

obtained from Miss Elizabeth Cong- 25. Its love is a burning passion and don. abiding principle.

WHAT IS THE BIBLE1-AN 26. It amplifies and ennobles every EXERCISE FOR DEVO- soul obedient to its truths. TIONAL SERVICE 27. Salvation is its watchward. Eter- (Slips to be cut apart and given to nal life is its goal. different readers) 28. It heightens every joy of life. Leader asks the question, "What is 29. It leads to the only worthwhile the Bible?" Readers answer the ques- tion. self-expression. 30. It guides to self-mastery and in- sures victory.

1. It is God's Highway to Paradise. 31. It gives life the upward incline.

,r 2. It crowns womanhood with beauty 32. It punctuates all pretense. and manhood with strength. (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime," by 3. It furnishes adequate motives for Dr. A. Z. Conrad, published by Fleming H. Revell Company at $1.50. This chapter is self-sacrifice. used with permission of the publishers.) 4. Children grow in character under For sale by 11. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, ]fass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents; 12 for 25 cents; its influence. 50 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.25.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE CHURCH IN THE kind of skilled and unskilled labor is CHANGING CITY there. It is a case of the old story of Findings of Conference held in Detroit, Feb- who will come out on top. ruary 17-19, 1930, under auspices of Home The city is characterized by peculiar Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. (Slightly adapted.) attitudes, if not by a city mind.

The conference brought together Among characteristic city attitudes representative executives of denom- are the following: aggressiveness, inational or church City Societies, na- self-assertion with defense attitudes, tional Home Mission Boards, the emotional repressions, the "every- Home Missions Council, city Church body's-doing-it" philosophy (yielding Federations, the Federal Council, the to collective behavior) with an in- Institute of Social and Religious Re- creased tendency toward superficiality search, teachers, pastors, directors of in thinking and in morals. Religious Education, and important laymen and lay women. It was un- These attitudes-city mindednessusually free from any officialism. The grow out of conditions of city life. point of view, as well as the point The breakdown or weakening of the of approach, was not that of societies old social foundation-the family or organizations, but of Christian men group, neighborhood group, racial and women who are all alike deeply group-tends to social disintegration. concerned for the saving of the city. Mobility, the shifting of trade groups, The program represented a fresh ap- population groups and population cenproach to the city and a Christian ters on the one hand; and fluidity, the realism of a very high order. It the daily ebb and flow of the city's brought to every mind a serious con- population on the other, tends to the sideration of the titanic and compel- anonymity of the individual. A sense ling factors with which inevitably the of individual helplessness follows this city church must cope. individual isolation. One must find out how to save himself from being just a While much of the material present- jostled sort of nonentity in the city ed in papers, addresses and discussions where he encounters that peculiar kind had for background the larger metro- of being lost, by being alone, and by politan areas, it was not lost sight of not "belonging." Moral restraints are that these problems, so aggravated in seriously weakened when contacts bethe larger city, are all present in germ come impersonal and relations indirect. in the smaller cities. On the other hand, the city is the most highly organized of human com- i The outstanding thought in almost munities. It does not end in disinteevery discussion, was the influence of gration. There are great constructive the city on personality, family life forces in the city which offer potenand neighborhood groups. tially a means to the freer and finer Fa.ctors a.nd Forces in City Life realization of personality. These pos- sible gains are undoubtedly condition- The city brings together the ex- aI, but that should not lead us to deny tremes of every sort. Every culture their real promise. The city is an of the world is there. Every religious adventure, full of perils, but it cannot faith of the world is there. Every be condemned as wholly bad.

614 II T.he Gospel for the City Mind spiritual rebuilding of the individ- ual. Personality is spiritual. The ., The Gospel for the city mind is a church must become spiritually Gospel for the individual as well as minded. ·r for society. For the most part the 3. A ministry trained in the knowledge folks we are attempting to reach are of the moral basis of human nature, the "un-theologically minded." We and qualified to give spiritual guid- need to regard that fact. The man in ance to people who have lost the the city wants to know how Christ way of life. can come into his life, into the midst 4. Churches that will provide a personal of his moral entanglement and con- fellowship, a helpful atmosphere fusion, domestic strain, the tedious- which will rebuild character, re- ness of his labor; and how he can move from the soul the deposits and renew his life, make it large enough corrosions of the world, and bring to overcome social insignificance and to sin-sick humanity the healing inspire its expression until he is really ministries of Christ. The Gospel living the fulfillment of his ideal. for the city mind must tell the for- lorn, distraught, timid, sinful, bank- Our industrial and commercial civi- rupt life that there are hearts that lization has overshadowed individual- care, that will go the whole way, ity. The individual becomes merely the bearing the burden as partners in representation of the social mass- the venture of man's redemption. factory worker number 5093, the 5. Churches that, while conscious of the chain store 'clerk, the floor walker in disintegrating and degenerating in- the department store. In the midst of fluences of the modern city, will circumstances of industrial standardi- shake off their fear reactions and zation, mass production, economic in- with a confident faith in the trans- stability and business mergers, the forming and directing power of the depersonalization process goes on. spirit of God, will preach a Gospel of Hope. We cannot meet this problem with 6. Churches that will make common an impersonal expression of Chris- cause with the wholesome and con- tianity-a church absorbed in self per- structive interests, social groupings petuation; or a message of hypothesis and purposes of city people, help- or abstraction will not meet the diffi- ing them along, putting a deeper culty. The Gospel must be addressed note into them and enabling these to the person. "The key to the mass social contacts to create a genuine is the individual," says Bishop Free- urbanity, to cultivate the amenities man. The primary need in the city is of life and to enrich human fellow- to rescue man from depersonalization ship. and to empower him to divine fulfill- ment. To do this the Christian reli- City Areas in Church Groups gion must interpret itself in personal terms. Sin and suffering are personal Certain groupings of people arise in conditions. This does not imply that the church should ignore the group. cities, which challenge special con- Group characteristics may furnish the key to the moral problems of the in- sideration by the churches: dividual. There can be a group ap- proach to the individual. 1. The Negro population of more than three and a half million in northern Essential Requirements. To make the cities, concentrated in certain areas, Gospel effective to the city mind the calls for the recognition of Chris- following are especially needed: tian brotherhood, and requires the Christian cooperation of their white 1. A knowledge of psychological mechan- brethren to secure adequate church ism operative in personal confu- properties and to guarantee to them sions and frustrations. equality of religious privilege and equal opportunity with all other 2. A conception of evangelism as a "one citizens for making a livelihood. to one" task, continuous through the 2. The foreign language groups in our cities, brought hither by the great immigration of former years, now presents new challenges to the church. (a) The restricted immigration has allowed the forces of American- ization to make great advances in qualifying these new comers for an understanding of Amer- ican ideals and for citizenship.

(b) The foreign language church there should be churches only less has been the essential means of highly organized. Near the sub~centers bringing the Gospel in the for- of business and entertainment there eign language; but with the in- should be similar coordination of ef- creasing familiarity with the fort among churches most fit to sup- English language these churches plement one another in a varied will take on more and more the ministry. characteristics of A mer i can churches, serve the people of Residential Churches. In the resi- these localities, regardless of dential sections of the city proper races or languages, and Ameri- there should be churches of such size can churches in foreign lan- and distribution as can render the guage sections will be sought type of service and conduct the sort by and will serve the foreign of programs demanded by a variety language groups. of constituencies. No longer is it necessary to proceed by rule of thumb (c) The migration of the foreign in locating such enterprises or in the language groups from city budgeting of their expenditures. Case centers to suburban areas pre- studies of successful churches in resi- sents an opportunity that can dential as well as in more central areas be met only by the broadening now suggest the main lines of achieve- outreach of the suburban ment, though standardization in any American church to include rigid sense is both impossible and un- these people in its fellowship. desirable.

3. Commerce and industry are among Suburban Churches. On the sub- the chief factors in the making of urban fringe of every urban area a city. But the great ranks of the there is found a zone alike of privilege industrially employed are outside and responsibility. Statesmanlike oc- the church. We believe in the cupation of industrial suburbs and preaching and the practice of the cooperative strategy to avoid over- Social Ideals of the Churches as churching in the better residential adopted by the Federal Council as suburbs is imperative. a means of expressing to the in- dustrial groups that the church is Gradually the home base of urban concerned with all classes of people, Protestantism tends to shift from the and that it stands for social justice oldest churches at the heart of the and an equal opportunity for all as city to the great new churches in the an essential part of its Gospel. more fortunate suburbs. Such a trend causes constant loss by transfer from Church Adaptation the churches nearer the center to the churches nearer the circumference of The response of the church to the the urban area. Whether any given church member or family should conneeds of the changing city must be a tinue membership in a more central church or should become a part of varied one. some newer enterprise, is one of the Downtown Churches. In the great most difficult problems of the urban church. Since the more central central areas of the city's life there churches cannot survive without acshould be a few well-staffed, well- tive lay leadership, the rule of beequipped churches, suppleme~. ting each havior seems to be that working and supporting members who are willing other by their differing ministeries. to retain vigorous partnership in the old churches should by all means do Such churches should render a definite so, while those who are able to render service to the surrounding neighbor- more willing and more competent service in the newer churches should hoods. They should also serve as centers of church life and religious thinking for the entire metropolitan region. Their institutional service and their prophetic utterances are of basic importance to the entire life of the city. Just what churches are most fit to perform such a dual and difficult role should be a matter of cooperative agreement among the Protestant forces of the city. In the areas slightly removed from the central business focus of the city

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

be encouraged to do this. Increasingly the original occasions, motives and it becomes evident that none of the achievements of our Protestant di- churches of a metropolitan area exists visions to assess the gains and losses alone. From central urban area to due to these divisions, and to evaluate suburban fringe the problem of the the vital issues that are represented city is one problem, and the interests by these divisions as they exist today.

of all are bound up together. A new Such an evaluation should be honestly and intimate partnership of these con- made in the interest of the conserva- centric circles of city church life is tion of the values of the denomina- imperative. tions and the largest possible service It is obvious that under contem- on the part of Protestant religion in porary conditions, with varied de- these times.

nominational traditions and cultural In facing the problems of city con- inclinations, the geographical distri- ditions it is our persuasion that the ,.,. bution of churches must be supple- functioning of the denominations in mented by the specialized appeal of the highest degree depends upon the certain churches which represent the largest possible interdenominational organization of particular interests, cooperation. We therefore urge the through a new principle of selective denominations: parish distribution. This principle is 1. To undertake cooperatively a study of greatly reenforced by the wise use of the cities upon a scientific basis the automobile. Strategic location and with a view to the discovery of the functional specialization alike are re- actual conditions that prevail and quired of the city church if it is to deploy its forces for an adequate occu- the status of all the churches. pation of the modern urban region. 2. To affirm or reaffirm their allegiance to principles of comity that have been developed in the course of the The changing city emphasizes anew progress of cooperative Christian- the necessity laid upon the church to ity, and steadfastly support the save the community and not to save itself. The city church must be a same in the occupancy of new fields within the city areas, and in the adjustments that must be made nucleus for the integrating process in over-churched and inadequately ;( for the community. It must think in churched sections, if the full re- sponsibility of Protestant religion is terms of service and not desert a field to be assumed and discharged under because of difficulties. prevailing conditions.

3. To consider seriously the necessity of Religious Education a vital service to the down-town )' Religious Education in all its wider sections of our large cities, and the challenge to consolidate churches range of activity and projects is one where inadequately supporting con- of the greatest factors in a well-bal- stituencies prevent them from ren- anced program of a church seeking to dering the type and quality of serv- minister to the city community-es- ice these communities require and pecially in the underprivileged sec- the Kingdom of God demands. tions. Its concern is the development 4. To undertake at once to equalize re- ligious privilege by a thoroughgoing church city planning, vigorously of personality and the integration of prosecuted, comprehending the city the individual life with the world in and its environs, the city and its which one must live. It is our great future, the city and its past, all in hope for the future in the development terms of need and interrelation both of an adequate church leadership denominationally and interdenomi- .".., trained for its difficult tasks in a com- nationally. plex city, a clear direction as to how 5. To recognize and use the denomina- ,f to meet our Christian goal. tional City Society or Church Ex- tension Board as the suitable agency working towards the equal- Church City Planning and Comity izing of religious privileges within Justly to evaluate the local denomi- our larger fellowship. 6. To recognize and use the City Federa- national church we need to consider tion or Council of Churches as the

agency for unifying the religious church, a worshipping church, a winsome forces of the entire city. Without church; a church that interprets the such unification we shall fail in our truth in terms of its own times and chal- task. lenges its times in terms of the truth; a church that inspires courage for this The Larger Statesmanship life and hope for the life to come; a church of all good men, the Church of The Conference recorded profound the Living God.-John M. Moore. conviction that the fundamental ques- tion confronting organized religion in SUMMER READING LIST our large cities is: Shall the church The following list of books will be seek to maintain and extend itself found really worthwhile summer readas an institution, or shall it seek, at ing. You will thoroughly enjoy the whatever cost, to build the Kingdom time you spend on them, and they will of God and adequately to serve human make a fine background for the work needs. The conference recorded be- of the coming year. lief that the time has come when local churches in many downtown districts East Wind, West Wind, by Pearl S. should be willing, should the interest Buck. Published by John Day; $2.50. of the Kingdom require, to give up A novel of modern problems in China. their lives for the larger life of the community and the greater interests Portrait of a Chinese Lady, by Lady of the Kingdom. "He that would save Hosie. Published by Morrow; $5.00. his life shali lose it, and he that would If you liked "A Daughter of the lose his life for my sake and the Gos- Samurai" you will enjoy this. pel's shall save it," is just as ap.-p.licable to churches as to individuals. Wednesdays and Other Stories, by Annie B. Kerr. Published by The Womans Press; Gift edition, $1.50. A charm- ing little book of true stories of for- eign-born people.

Denominationalism, local church pride A Cloud of Witnesses by Elsie Singof history and tradition, mere per- master. Published by Central Comsonal attachments to buildings and lo- mittee; paper 50c, cloth 75c. Collected cations, should no longer stand in the biography in its most palatable formway of the larger statesmanship de- a group of Christian Nationals from different countries.

manded by the changing city. The Trader's Wife, by Jean Mackenzil:!.

The conference was convinced that Published by Farrar and Rhinehard; the abiding church in the changing $2.00. African journal-most inter- esting. city will be the church that changes Splendor of God, by Honore Willsie Morits policies, methods, programs, and if row. Published by Morrow; $2.50. need be its location, to meet the de- Thrilling biography of Adoniram Jud- son of Burma. mands of the times, without forsaking .. or compromising the eternal truths of Laughing Boy, by Oliver La Farge. the changeless Gospel which are "the Published by Houghton Mifflin; $2.50. Pulitzer prize novel portraying the same yesterday, today and forever." life of present-day Navajo Indian youth.

THE CHURCH' OF MY DREAMS Cimmaron, by Edna Ferber. Published by Doubleday Doran; $2.50. Early This is the church of my dreams. A days in Oklahoma-not a dull moment. church adequate for the task; the church I of the warm heart, of the open mind, of A Lantern in Her Hand, by Bess the adventurous spirit; the church that Streeter Aldrich. Published by D. 1 cares, that heals hurt lives, that comforts Appleton; $2.00. A novel on pioneer old people, that challenges youth, that life. knows no divisions of culture or class, no frontiers, geographical or social; the The Great Meadow, by Elizabeth Mad- dox Roberts. Published by Viking church that inquires as well as avers, Press; $2.50. The settling of Kenthat looks forward as well as backward; tucky-a novel.

the church of the Master, the church of The Land of Saddle-Bags, by James the people, the high church, the broad Watt Raine. Published jointly by church, the low church, high as the ideals Council of Women for Home Missions of Jesus, broad as the love of God, low and Missionary Education Movement; as the humblest human; a working $1.50. Full of the thrill of mountain

adventure and the delicious humor of THEREFORE, we, the undersigned, Appalachian folk. appeal to the Legislature of the State Freedom, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher. of Iowa to consider this protest and to Published by Friendship Press; 85c. grant redress from our gri()vances, Story of high caste Indian students, and we call upon all citizens, churches, and present-day problems in India. clubs and organizations of all sorts, Aggrey of Africa, by Edwin W. Smith. and the men and women of Iowa who Published by Richard R. Smith; $2.50. believe in education free from mili- A remarkable biography-an appeal tary compulsion to sustain us in this for the Christian way of life in race protest, by all means within their relations. power, so as to convey to the Legisla- ture of the State and those charged A BOOK-AND LIBERTY with authority that they are not in sympathy with the continuance of this He ate and drank the precious words, policy.2 His spirit grew robust; North Carolina He knew no more that he was poor, Nor that his frame was dust. To find in a college catalog a state- ment such as the following- He danced along the dingy days, And this bequest of wings All physically acceptable freshmen and sophomores are required to take mili- Was but a book. What liberty tary training, except those excused by A loosened spirit brings! the president of the college or the pro- -Emily Dickinson. fessor of Military Science and Tactics- MILITARISM IN EDUCATION r-ne need not go to Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Turkey, but to the 1929- One of the specific objectives which 1930 Annual Catalog of North Carothe Fifth Conference on the Cause and lina State College of Agriculture and Cure of War approved last January Engineering. This State institution for presentation to groups interested is one of the land-grant colleges in a in working for permanent peace was nation which fought a "War to End the followingi : War," and which signed the Kellogg Peace Pact. The land-grant colleges To study the extent and effects of were established for the primary purmilitary training in schools and colleges. pose of teaching agriculture and me- chanics, the useful arts of peace.3 Two recent utterances will be of interest in this connection. ULTIMATELY-PEACE Iowa The Naval Parley? It is only an- other form of war agreements. How- We, the undersigned students of the ever, it does some sort of good to the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, world, because it does make people do hereby certify that we have each think about the seriousness of these taken military drill in the past or are things. We cannot do away with navy taking it at the present time. and army unless the people want it, and as to when the people want such That we protest against said mili- a thing is a matter of ideals and detary drill being made compulsory upon sires for peace, and ideals and desires male students of the State University for real peace for everybody in the of Iowa, for the following reasons world are slow things to get to the among others: minds of the people.

We have found it by experience to 2 Petition signed by 2,000 stUdents at the be time wasting, irksome, and detri- University of Iowa in the spring of 1930. mental to proper scholarship. 3 From The Wataugan, May, 1930, published We deem it an invasion of academic by the stUdent body at North Carolina State freedom. College, Raleigh, N. C.

We emphatically declare that we have no personal desire to take military drill and that we have only done so or are doing so under compulsion.

t Resolutions and program for 1930·1931 adopted by the Conference are quoted in full in the April REViEW.

labor government. He was a

Patriotism Pulls Women Together in his boyhood, and won his way, as THE importance of women in public so many of his countrymen have done life and their devotion and zeal in by living laborious days and nights: service to their new Republic of The way of promoti'On lay through the Estonia is given by Miss Clara Roe, secretaryship of his union to member- of New York, as an outstanding im- ship in Parliament. Like so many pression 'of the visitor. other labor men he is a devoted mem- "Between her home, her job and her ber of his church, the Church of Scot- public duties, the time of an educated land, and he fills the part of High woman in Estonia is severely taxed. Commissioner b'Oth with dignity and Many such women have two or three whole-hearted sincerity. Among other public duties, a job as haonmotehmerakear~ discussions there was one upon Forwife and mother, and eign Missions which had its own ses- wage-earner: These Estonian women sion. Dr. John R. Mott gave a weighty are carrying heavy responsibilities. speech and Sir D. Y. Cameron, the All are public spirited and their coun- great Scottish artist, spoke upon the try is using them to the utmost. Es- report with a passionate concern for tonia lost its men heavily in the this task, the crown of all Christian World War, and in its struggle for service. It is significant of the place independence women must now help to which the church has icnomSceostolahned~rtthilayt its artists and writer,s do the work of their nation. Women to its service. – Edward Shillito in also work in the fields, repair roads, "The Chris,tian Century." , streets and railroad tracks, work in brickyards, lumber yards and in build- Call of Knights of St. John ing construction and perform other laborious tasks. If they sought to use THE order of the Knights of St. John their political power to the fullest, has issued an appeal to the sons of they could out-vote the men. Every German noblemen of the Lutheran one is public spirited, carrying two or faith to consider the calling of the three jobs, with pride instead of com- ministry. The Order stresses the need plaint." Tuberculosis is widely prev- of the churches for young men of edualent among young women as a re- cation and training in the places vf sult of undernourishment as children, leadership. It points out that nearly congested housing, long winters and a thousand years ago the ancestors of lack of fruits and vegetables. Lectures the present nobility took up the Cross and demonstrations are given on food in an attempt to break the power of and food values.-Y. W. C. A. the infidels who ruled the Holy Land. T'Oday, it continues, the call is for a C'hurch of Scotland Assembly new crusade to fight the unbelief which has asserted its power through- HERE is only one Church of Sc,ot- out all sections of the country.-Con- T land now. The first assembly after gregationalist. the great assembly, when the union was accepted last year, was held in Evangelical Movements in Ukraine May. .M:. James Brown was the High THE new evangelical movements in Con:mIssIoner onc~ more, as he .was the Polish Ukraine are highly en- durmg the short hfe 'Of the preVIOUS couraging. A quiet investigation last 620

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

summer revealed the fact that no less children of the district to a marionette than seven evangelical groups have show at which the Ten Command- sprung up in this section of Poland as ments were derided in a manner so a result of Polish immigrants to obscene that the police finally inter- America returning to their native vened.

country, imbued with the desire toO Such conditions are symptomatic ,spread the Gospel among their co- for a large part of Europe, and it is racials. Most of them have developed no wonder that the European churches on the strength of gifts received from feel very strongly the need of Prot- American agencies or individuals, estant support from overseas. The ," which, like the Central Bureau for practical expression of the sympathy Relief, have become interested in this felt by the American churches for new growth of the evangelical faith their European coreligionists has been in unpllopitious surroundings. In channeled, for a number of years, 1929, a beginning was made for an through the Central Bureau for Relief "inter-group" conference over here in of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, America, in the hope of coordinating instituted late in 1922 as an interde- the supporters of these various fields nominational and international relief of work and eliminating the overlap- agency, its European office being in ping which is already manifesting it- Geneva under the direction of Dr. self in some areas. . ) The Cent~al Bureau foOr Relief has Adolf Keller, and its American office located in New York, directed by an taken special interest in this work. Some effort should be made to bring American Executive Committee com- these new movements into cooperative relations with the old Polish Evan- posed of church representatives.-Re- port of the Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, gelical Church in Silesia, and in gen- D.D.

eral to consolidate the Protestant ele- Unemployment in Europe ments in Poland, transforming the numerically negligible separate groups CHRONIC for ten years, unemploy- into a recognized and potent factor in ment has taken a decided turn for the population.-Report of the Rev. J. the worse. The enrolment of workers Ross Stevenson, D.D. for insurance of every kind is 16,000,- 000. Of these about 12,000,000 are ,t insured against unemployment. Be- Anti-Religious Communism fore the War normal unemployment I" THE "red menace" has so often been was put at an average of 4 per cent used as a spectacular bugaboo in of the employed, which, for registered political circles that it has come to be industries, would work out at 500,000 regarded as a myth by liberal people. or thereabouts. In June, 1920, the It has been more of a stern reality in number of registered unemployed was Europe than we like to admit over 1,130,000, or more than double the here. Toward the end of 1929 evidence normal. in abundance was provided to the world that the trend of communi,stic In January, 1930, it was found that thought is not merely atheistic but unemployment had increased to 1,475,- definitely anti-religious. Communistic 000. During the Spring, when trade ideas find willing listeners among the might have been expected to pick up, ignorant working classes of Europe, the number increased yet further by haIfof whose earnings are ,swallowed as many as 28,000 in a single week, by reparation payments or interest on and now the total exceeds 1,750,000, .':, national indebtedness. Atheism, more while it is keenly prophesied that the aggressive than merely negative, ac- peak will rise beyond 2,000,000, or one companies this trend. A local Social- in six of registered workers.

ist children's center in Berlin recently The figures are not inclusive. Farm had the effrontery to invite the school labor, domestic service and other oc-

cupations are not insured against un- own automobile to the pastor's wife employment. In the agricultural areas to take the child to Pinerolo, where she there is reported considerable loss of was put out of danger. – Record of work. Christian Work.

Nonemployment, even in Great Lutheran Churches in Russia Britain, is an element in a world-wide situation. In Germany, S'O it is stated, FAITH and hope in the face of adthe total has risen to 3,000,000. In versity are the keynote of a letter Italy there is mention of 1,000,000. of the Rt. Rev. Theodore Meyer, of Even in Russia, where the workers are Moscow, Bishop of the Lutheran assured of Communism, there is evi- Church of Russia, written April 26, dence of acute distress.-P. W. Wilson, to a Lutheran leader in the United in uNew York Times." States. In describing the reacti'On of the Church in Russia to conditions Italian Crown Prince Greets Wal- imposed from without, Bishop Meyer says in part: densian In the great need which hangs heavy THE Waldensian church in Italy has upon us it is a great consolation to us gained rather than lost by the that you are not growing weary in reofficial reoonciliation of Italy and the membering us in your prayers and sup- Vatican. It has received publicity of porting us with your gifts…… The a helpful kind. There is a feeling of situation of the church becomes more friendliness and respect toward the difficult with each day…… The need Waldensians which was not known be- of the pastors who are still in service is fore. very great because the congregations are impoverished and in spite of their will- "During the summer maneuvers of ingness to help are scarcely able to conthe 92d Infantry Regiment in our tribute anything toward the expenses of valleys its colonel, our Crown Prince the church and the pastors. Further, Umberto, had an opportunity of mak- extremely high taxes have been imposed ing himself known to our people, who this year upon a great number of the were enthusiastic in their admiration pastors. Especially in the cities are the for his gentleness and affability." congregations unable any longer to guar- antee their livelihood. In consequence One day in the Charcoal-Burners' of this condition in many cities and Glen he met an old Waldensian and towns, the congregations have united into stopped to talk to him. He learned one district parish but in spite of this that the old man was quite proud of they are scarcely able to continue existhaving seen three kings of Italy- ence. In the villages, too, the state of Victor Emanuel II, Humbert, and the congregations and the pastors is very Victor Emanuel III. precarious.

"One of my remaining wishes would GENERAL be to see also our young prince, who is a nice feHow, they tell me, but I Dr. Mott Finds World Open to Chrisam too old and shall never have the chance. I keep his picture with me. tianity Here it is !" NEVER were the doors of entry "Don't you think I look a good deal into other lands so wide open to like him?" asked the prince. Christianity as at present, Dr. John R. Mott told the evangelism group of "Why, you are the prince, and I have the Federal Council of the Churches spoken to you as if you had been only of Christ in America which met at an officer! But I am glad to have seen East Northfield in June. you bef'Ore dying." Having recently returned from a "Well, so am I," said the prince, trip around the world, Dr. Mott told of and with a hearty handshake he the spirit of inquiry which was creatcrowned the old man's happiness. ing conditions ripe for the message of Chri,st. Even the Mohammedan W'Orld A little girl at Bobbio having been is open to evangelization, he said. bitten by a viper, the prince lent his Dr. Mott gave a most encouraging

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

'Outline 'Of cQnditiQns in 'Other CQun- gation was from the Kumiai Riji, 'Or tries frQm the PQint 'Of view 'Of the Association of Independent Churches.

Christian wQrk. As an illustrati'On he The General Convention of the Chris- tQld 'Of the resQlve 'Of Mr. Chang Sing- tian Church in the United States was yee, speaking in behalf 'Of the native represented this year for the first time.

church 'Of China, that within five years The Rev. J. V. Chelliah, Moderator 'Of the Christian Church 'Of China was to the United Church 'Of South India, be dQubled, and this in the face 'Of the who has recently been in the United cataclysmic cQnditiQns prevailing in States, sailed with the American pil- ," China nQW. In India, Dr. MQtt said, grimage. The InternatiQnal Council Christianity is 'On the thresh'Old 'Of a was organized at LondQn, England, mQst far-reaching influence. 1891.

"I have never been soo impressed be- BQurnemouth offers nQt only a beau- fQre by the tide 'Of inquiry that is tiful, but in many respects an appro- sweeping 'Over all cQuntries." Dr. priate, setting for the present CQuncil.

MQtt said, "We in America think there It is a strQng CQngregational center.- is a flQQd 'Of literature abrQad, but we Congregationalist.

.1 have nQthing in cQmparisQn with 'Other lands. TQkYQ, fQr· example, has miles Christian Endeavor T 'Of b(}QkshQPs. The press is reaching HE 'Officers 'Of the InternatiQnal So- ciety 'Of Christian Endeavor in milliQns tQday that never knew any- .I thing beYQnd the borders of their own their last meeting befQre leaving fQr little cQmmunities only a few years the WQrld's Christian Endeavor CQn- ago. All this means that the dQQrs 'Of ventiQn in Berlin gave thQughtful CQn- 'Opportunity fQr Christ are equally sideratiQn to the general status 'Of the wide open. The barriers of age-old wQrk thrQughout NQrth America.

custom and prejudice against the for- The repQrt of the General Secretary, eigner are now dQwn. Faith and ex- Mr. Gates, n'Oted a number 'Of im- pectation on the part of the Christian PQrtant elements 'Of prQgress. The Church are all that is necessary for recent CQncurrent statement frQm the the evangelization of the wQrld." denQminatiQnal leaders cQncerning the present place 'Of the yQung people's so- International Congregational Council ciety in the present program 'Of Chris- THIS notable annual event in the tian education indicates an increas- congregational churches 'Of the ingly cQQperative attitude among the world was held this year, July 1-8, in denQminatiQns. The InternatiQnal SQ- I.

BournemoOuth, England. Six hundred ciety has been cQQperating heartily A. Congregationalists from Arne ric a with the American Bible Society in sailed frQm New YQrk, June 14, to Bible-study work and the distributiQn attend this great meeting. Delega- 'Of the Scriptures. Several hundred tions were also en route frQm many delegates are attending the World's other cQuntries. Christian EndeavQr CQnventiQn in The InternatiQnal C'Ouncil is CQm- Berlin from the United States. Active posed of 450 voting delegates, of whQm wQrk has been started in connectiQn 150 are from the United States. It with plans fQr the fiftieth anniversary represents 24,275 churches with a CQn- 'Of the fQunding 'Of Christian EndeavQr.

stituency 'Of 6,000,000 in the United Mr. Paul ShQup, President 'Of the States, Canada, Great Britain and SQuthern Pacific RailrQad, is general twenty-eight 'Other cQuntries on all chairman 'Of the Fiftieth Anniversary continents. In several cQuntries, not- International CQnventiQn cQmmittee, ably Canada, North India and SQuth which is planning the CQnvention tQ India, the representatiQn in the CQun- be held in San FranciscQ in 1931. In cil is from recently formed United this connectiQn plans are being made Churches in which the Congregational- by the International SQciety fQr the ists have merged. The Japanese dele- celebratiQn 'Of the fiftieth anniversary

at the time of Christian Endeavor of Christendom, the Augsburg Con- Week in February, 1931. Plans are fession. being made for the proposed Transpacific Convention in Australia in Sep- Four hundred years ago – at three tember or October of 1931. o'clock Saturday afternoon, June 25, 1530, to be precise-the Saxon Chan- Dr. Poling indicated that he was to cellor, Dr. Beyer, began the reading give a generous portion of his time of the Augsburg Confession to the next year to special Christian En- Emperor Charles V at a private sesdeavor visitation in important centres sion of the Diet in the chapter room throughout this country. A plan was of the bishop's palace. Two hours adopted which calls for a series of two- later he had finished the reading and day institutes in approximately two handed to the Emperor both the Latin hundred and ,fifty strategic centres 'original, which had been read, and the during the fall, winter, and spring of German translation. The Emperor 1930-31.-Christian Endeavor World. forbade the publication of either.

Home Missions Congress The Augsburg Confession is one of the great historic documents of Prot- W HAT the now famous· Jerusalem estantism and its adoption was a meeting of the Internati'onal Mis- major step in the development of sionary Council accomplished in the Protestant thought. Elaborate plans thinking and planning for the foreign for the commemoration of the four missionary movement of the future hundredth anniversary have been made the North American Home Missions at Augsburg, and the, American Congress, to be held in Washington, churches have been invited to be rep- D. C., November 30-December 5, will resented through the Federal Council do in some measure for the missionary of Churches. cause at home, if the hopes of its leaders are fulfilled. For nearly two CHINA years, three large commissions have been at work, gathering preparatory Methodist Bishops Consecra.ted in data which will serve as a basis for China. the deliberations of the Congress. Commission I is ·studying the task and THE Foochow News, April, 1930, administration vf home missions; prints a colorful story of the Cen- Commission II the promotion of home tral Conference at Nanking, which elected Bishvps Gowdy and Wang: missions and Commission III coopera- The consecration service was most imtion in home missions. The primary pressive. Bishop Nuelsen preached a purpose is thoroughly to evaluate the wonderful sermon, after which Bishop home missionary enterprise in the Birney took charge of the consecration service. Bishops-elect Gowdy and Wang light of present-day conditions in the came forward, and with them came the '. Church and in the Nation at large, assisting elders, the Rev. H. R. Caldwell, and to reach as full agreement as pos- the Rev. Liu Fang, the Rev. Lincoln sible on the best methods for advance. Dsang, Dr. Uong Gang Huo, and Dr. C.

The membership of the Congress is A. Felt.

to be limited to about five hundred As the consecration service was read members who will be carefully selected in both English and Chinese (so that each bishop-elect received his charge in by the participating denominations.- his native language) a great hush fell Presbyterian Survey. over the congregation. It was a historic moment, a moment full of possibilities Anniversary of Augsburg Confession and promise for the extension of Christ's Kingdom. Although Bishop Gowdy had THE great event of the year in the been elected first, Bishop Birney first widely extended Lutheran com- consecrated Bishop Wang, a breaking of munion is the commemoration of the precedent which met with general apadoption of one of the notable creeds proval. -The Christian Advocate.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Heroic Service in Shantung China Questions Tradition T T HE Williams Porter Hospital, in HE REV. E. M. NORTON, of the Tehchow, Shantung, with all the C. M. S. in Fukien Province, says disturbances and alarms of the past that in religious, social and political year has carried on unflinchingly, life, what cannot stand the test of rea- treating 761 in-patients and 8,908 dis- son is condemned and abolished. He pensary patients, performing 306 believes that this is why temples are ) major operations and 745 minor opera- being destroyed or transformed into tions, training twenty-five nurses, and schools or museums, idols are being giving laboratory examinations to beheaded and burned; in short, all old 2,785 cases. More revealing of what customs and traditions are in the melt- last year's life meant there at the ing pot. Fourteen years ago, it was hospital are Some of the words from almost impossible to get boys to ask questions; they accepted everything the accounts of Drs. Tucker: the teacher said. Now whether the Famine and want have continued to subject be English grammar or spell- stalk in the land, and Dr. Francis Tucker, ing, mathematics or science, astron- helping in the relief work in Shantung and southern Hopei provinces, aided in omy or religion, they ask "Why? Is giving out some $300,000-mostly used it really true? How do you know?" as loans for some two thousand irriga- tion wells (to combat future drought), or in repair of roads to facilitate trans- Bible Class in Shantung portation, or In the conservation of DR. C. E. SCOTT, of Tsinan, writes waterways. Food and medical supplies of a class for rural leaders at Yu have saved the lives of many men, wom- Cheng, a walled city, where elders and en an.d c~ildre~. One county lost nearly deacons met for a month of hard half Its mhabItants by death and emi- gration. We shall never forget the cart- study. The effort was the more com- loads of girls (less often boys) crawling their long journey to new and far dis- mendable in view of the suffering in tant homes–sold for from three to fifty this region, soldier-ridden and infested dollars each. As the world over, they with bandits. Time was taken to or- were loved by their parents, but these ganize a new church in this harried could no longer feed them. Now the destitution is less, but there are areas section. in other parts of China even more On market days class members seriously affected than were ours a year preached to the crowds and sold gospel ago. Fighting has not been serious in portions, the most advantageous point our region, though soldiers a-plenty there are in the hospital-wounded in attempts of vantage being the platform in front to suppress bandits. Dr. Emma Tucker of the chapel. Saturday and Sunday was beaten, maltreated and robbed in her afternoons the group was divided into own house the early part of the year- bands, and went preaching through the thieves doubtless being unpaid soldiers. Dr. Francis Tucker was twice the villages surrounding the city. The captured while on relief trips. The relief last Sunday evening, by the light of auto was in captivity fifteen hours in candles and lanterns, communion serv- one instance, some persons captured at ice was held, and each delegate re- the same time being robbed of all they turned to his village resolved to serve possessed, including their clothing, which . they had to exchange for the bandits' as never before. garments. The bandit chief, one of the heads of the gang of 250 or so, said, "1 Peanuts Given China by Missionary T know you. 1 was in the hospital last HE Rev. George H. Trull, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign year. See that scar-and that one! Be- sides, we respect what you are now do- ing for the famine sufferers. 1 do not Missions, New York, writes from like my occupation, but my family has to China: live. You shall lose nothing. We will ," place our own guard over your 'gas At lunch today, Chinese-grown peanuts buggy' and contents. Nothing shall be like the American variety were on the touched." He was as good as his word. table. My missionary companion, Mr. S. J. Mills, said: "Father (Rev. Charles -Congregationalist. R. Mills) introduced these nuts to China 5

at Tengcho about fifty years ago. He "with or without the cooperation >of received them first from Archdeacon the treaty powers." The far-reaching Chinese public health program of the Thompson of the American Church Mis- League gave rise to speeches of consion. Years before the introduction of gratulation from the Chinese per- manent representative at Geneva, Mr. oil from abroad, China depended for its Woo Kaiseng, as well as from several lights chiefly upon oil derived from na- member,s of the Council.

tive peanuts and other vegetable seeds.

The ordinary Chinese peanut is quite small. Its oil was extracted by com- pressing the nut in the shell which was very thin and absorbed only a little of the oil. A Chinese General Visits Mission "Father divided the American peanuts GEN. CHANG CHIH CHIANG, one between two Chinese Christians, advising of the leaders of the Chinese Govthem to plant the nuts and replant the ernment, visited the Central Confercrop each year for three years. One of ence of the Methodist Church at Nanthem gave up the experiment shortly king and addressed the delegates with .because the old method of compressing the energy and insight of a prophet. the nuts in the shells yielded less oil than The China Christian Advocate dethe American variety on account of their scribes it as "the thrill of the Conferthick shells which absorbed most of the ence." He and his wife brought their oOil. The other man persevered, and dis- two children to the Sunday morning .covered that by first removing the nuts service, where they were christened from the shells and then compressing Mary and Samuel.-The Christian Adthem he got an abundance of oil. He vocate. therefore c!)ntinued to replant his crop and made a great success. Today thousands of tons of peanuts are exported annually from China." Enough peanuts fifty years ago to fill one's hands was an insignificant number from which to secure the bountiful crops of today. Rather Ohinese Want Missionaries big results from small beginnings! It THE Canton Missionary Conference, has life and when planted it multiplies. representing missionaries belong- Christianity has taken firm root in ing to American, British and German China's soil. Already there is a harvest missions, was addressed by Dr. C. Y. but only the first fruits of a larger one Cheng, Moderator of the Church of which faith claims.

Further Steps A'gainst Opium Christ in China and General Secretary of the National Christian Council of I NNOVATIONS of considerable im- China, 'on "The Forward-Looking portance with reference to the Church." Dr. Cheng especially rehandling of the opium problem were quested the missionaries to make made by the Council of the League of articulate the voice of the Chinese Nations at its meeting in May. It Church in seeking for more missiondecided to add to the Advisory Com- ary helpers. The Conference, theremittee on Opium, a,s representatives fore, adopted the following resolution: of non-manufacturing states, Austria, Belgium, Egypt, Mexico, Poland, That we, as a Missionary Conference, appeal to our home constituencies and to Spain, and Uruguay. Furthermore, the youth of our homelands for the conthe Council decided to convene a con- tinued and increased cooperative support ference on limitation of drug manu- of the Christian Movement in China. facture on or about December 1, 1930, The call from China is for men and which may possibly be preceded by a women who are willing to work with the preliminary (lonference, of representa- Chinese as fellow workers, they should tives of manufacturing countries only. be men and women of large vision and In conjunction with the initiation of spiritual power. The problems that will the League's program of public health confront them may be great but the chaldevelopment in China it was recom- lenge is to the big, brave souls who wish mended that an inquiry should be in- to make a contribution to the greatest stituted by the Chinese Government potential Christian adventure of today and themselves to grow, by varied ex~ periences, into spiritual greatness.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ISLANDS would be a "submerging of Malay civ- Senate COJUJUittee Favors Free Philip- ilization with anGther race, the Chi- pines nese. It WGuld be a result as in- . A F AVORABLE report to the Senate evitable as the rise of the tide on the on the Hawes-Cutting Philippine seashore." independence bill, which would give the islands complete independence, if, The bill was not pressed at that ses- siGn .of Oongress and goes over to the / after a period .of five years a plebiscite session next win t e r. – New York should reveal them to be in favor .of Times.

it, was .ordered by the Senate Com- mittee .on Territories by a vote of 8 Virgin Islands . I, ,. B to 4. ECAUSE of the seriousness .of the The Filipino people would take .over economic situation in the Virgin the management .of their government Islands, Herbert D. Brown, chief of during the five-year periGd and WGuld the United States Bureau of Efficiency, decide .on the basis .of the experience has left Washington to return to the .of these five years whether they WGuld Islands.

'. accept independence as a permanent In his repGrt tG CGngress the effi- pGssessiGn. ciency expert went into every phase They WGuld receive tariff autGnomy, of the social and econGmic activities with the result that they WGuld be .of the Islands and said that few of deprived .of expGrting their prGducts them were without need of substantial tG the United States free of duty. and immediate relief.

Opposition to Philippine independ- Since the purchase of the Islands ence either immediately, or after a from Denmark in 1917 for $25,000,000 stated periGd of years, was expressed the economic situation has grown con- by Secretary .of State Stimson, former stantly worse until at present not Governcr General cf the Philippines. enough is derived from taxes to pay He opposed immediate independen~e for the upkeep of the local g.overn- .on three grounds: That it wculd be ment. Because they have been the disastrGus tG the Filipino people, dis- victims of a series of calamities, the astrous alsG to the interests .of the population has dwindled from 26,051 United States, both in the Islands and in 1917 to 22,012 in 1930. In the the Far East, and inevitably cause Virgin group are the Islands of St.

such a general disturban:eaf affairs Thomas and St. Croix and the much in the Far East as to undo the present smaller one of St. John.-New York stabilized oGnditiGns with respect to Times.

the interests of various countries in that region. SilliJUan Head Resigns Secretary Stimson told the Commit- NEARLY' every boat which leaves tee he believed "the Filipino peGple this port just now carries mis- are quite unprepared for independence sionaries who are going home on fur- either pGlitically .or eCGnomically," and lough. Of all who are sailing this that ,severance of the Islands from the spring, perhaps none has left such a leadership or control .of Ameri;;a permanent record .of achievement as "would destrGY self-government in the Dr. David S. Hibbard, the retiring Philippines, and the result WGuld president of Silliman Institute. Lo- either be a condition of anarchy .or a cated in Dumaguete, Oriental Negrces, cGndition of oligarchy." this school is strategically in the The masses, he declared, WGuld be center of the sGuthern half of the at the mercy of politicians and money Philippines. Dr. Hibbard founded it '.) lenders. If sudden independence in 1901, and in the 29 years since has were given, the Islands would be over- guided it to steady growth and ex- run by the Chinese, and the result panding influence. There is nG single

piece of mission work in the entire I recently asked Mahatma Gandhi "t Philippines which can be compared what he thought our mutual friend with it. It attracts a student body of Andrews meant to the progress of . more than 900 students, drawn from modern India. And in that characterall over the Islands, and distributed istically pensive, meditative mood, he <• through all the grades from elemen- said: "My dear friend, what I think tary to college. Twenty-five mission- of Andrews is that India has no serv- •, aries and a considerable number of ant more devoted, more sincere, and Filipinos are employed on the faculty. more hard working. I love the name !I Dr. Hibbard expects to return to the the toiling Indians of the Fiji Islands Philippines, but believes that the grow- gave him – Deenabandhu Andrews- ., ing demands of the presidency of such friend of the lowly." The loving estia large institution should be placed on mate of Gandhi tells the whole story , the shoulders of a younger man.- of this wonderful life in a few strik- Harold E. Fry, in "The Christian ing words. He calls him a servant and ., Century." a friend of the lowly. That is what his deeds, words, and motives all ex- ,I Manila School Strike emplify. Service is the natural expres- THE strike of high school students sion of his life. in Manila shows several things. In the first place, it shows how much One time, at the poet Tagore's home harm may be done by tactless remarks in Bolpur, I asked Mr. Andrews what growing out of lack of appreciation of he considered the most essential qual- Filipino ide a s and temperament. ity in a modern missionary. Without There are approximately 300 Amer- even stopping to think, he answered, ican teachers in the Philippine school "Willingness to serve, and a detersy,stem. Most of them are sincerely mination not to direct our Indian colrespected and admired by their students, and they deprecate as much as leagues." anyone such occurrences as this one. In the second place, this incident ·shows . . . Years ago he came out to India that there are deep undercurrents in from Cambridge University. He was Filipino life of which most Americans, a priest in the Church of England. At including many here, are ignorant. Delhi and elsewhere he served as col- All Asia is deeply stirred, and the lege professor and ·spiritual leader. Philippines, let us not forget, are in But authority and sectarianism re- Asia. "Self-determination" has be- stricted him. He felt that he could come a religion to half the world's not do what his soul craved because population, and incidents like this of the priestly reg u I a t ion s that show how small a thing may grow.into hemmed him in on all sides. So he a mighty torrent of protest and self- surrendered his ministerial orders and assertion. -Harold E. Fey, in "The became a "lay freeman." Christian Century." He joined the staff of Tagore's uni- INDIA-BURMA versity at Bolpur as a voluntary Bishop Fisher on C. F. Andrews worker. This is even yet the base THE man about whom I write is from which he does hi,s work. When more than a per,sonality. He has become an institution. His attractive there, he teaches, advises, serves, and life stands out against the Indian when away, he is always in touch by horizon like some tall temple tower, whose radiant light shines as a beacon, correspondence. I do not know what and whose lengthened ,shadow spreads a shade across toilers' huts. that "Abode of Peace" would ever have done without his gentle, guiding, serving spirit. He and Tagore are bosom f r i end s – David-Jonathan- twain personalities, strikingly inde- pendent, but one spirit.-Bishop Fred- erick B. Fisher, in "The Christian Ad- vocate."

"

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Youth League powerful. "Where Naidu is," said a Berlin newspaper, "there is India." Her B OMBAY has 26 Youth Leagues. poetry is epic now, for at the head of The object of the League is to bind together the youths of the Presi- Gandhi's disciples, she is an Indian -Literary Digest. Judith.

dency in the pursuit of common ideals, ! and in the service of the motherland, Appeal for £50,000 for Church of Inw to fight communism, and to work for dia. Burma, and Ceylon T the abolition of useless and embar- HE Archbishops of Canterbury and York have issued an appeal to rassing customs, promote swadeshi, study the causes of unemployment and the English Church for a dowry of encourage the study of international £50,000 for its daughter, the Church questions. At a recent dinner of the of India, Burma, and Ceylon. A ,sub- League, all the speakers stressed the stantial proportion of this large sum T'

need of abolishing every form of com- has already been promised. The munism. Church at home has a certain responsi- bility for the future of the Church in Gandhi's :tIantle Falls on a Wom.an India and should see that it is prop- MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU, Hindu erly equipped for its work of evan- poetess, emerges as leader of im- gelization. But the financial demands prisoned Mahatma Gandhi's National- made on the faithful in England are ist following' in the "civil-disobedi- far too heavy in these days of trade ence" movement. "An eloquent orator depression and increasing unemploy- and the only woman ever to be chosen ment for any complete response to be President of the Indian Nationalist possible. Money is urgently needed in Congress," begins a character sketch England for the building of new in the New York World from Arthur churches, for the training of ordi- E. Mann, who continues: nands, and for the schools. The S.

She is widely known in England, hav- P. G. fears the starving of its mis- ing been educated at Kings College, Lon- sionary activity for lack of funds. The don, and Girton College, Cambridge. Church Times suggests that, if the She became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1924. She has published Church of India is the daughter of the three volumes of poetry in English, and EngJi.sh Church, it is also the younger has lectured in all the chief cities of sister of the Episcopal Church of India on social, educational, religious, America, and if a world-wide appeal and political questions. She is also well were made, there is every reason to known in New York as a lecturer. Some believe that American churchmen' years ago she defied her family and the Brahman caste laws by marrying an In- would be proud to supply part of her dian doctor who was not a Brahman. On her visits to England, Mrs. Naidu dowry.-Living Church.

was always regarded as a moderate, until 1919, when she came under Gandhi's JAPAN-KOREA influence. Unemployment Insurance in Japan She was born in the capital of the MR. KAGAWA'S convictions on un- native State of Hyderabad, and the employment insurance for Tokyo four children in the Naidu family have seem to have appealed to the nation, been sent to England to be educated. for a recent dispatch to the New York The Richmond News-Leader declares Times tells of both the house of peers that she would have to be included in and the lower house being much con- "any list of the half-dozen most inter- cerned over the situation nationally, esting women in the world, along with and willing to subsidize public works to the extent of 25 per cent of costs, Halide Edib, Jane Addams, and Ger- for the sake of giving employment. trude Baumer….. . At the same time, Kagawa extends his social insurance idea to the sick of Usually she dresses in the homespun Tokyo also. And, as a tribute of of the native looms, but when she travels she wears the rich apparel of her class. About her is something mysterious and

loyalty, the mayor passes in toto the so- Women at Coronation cial bureau's budget for the new fiscal THE outstanding event of the past year, adding 50,000 yen, unasked, for year in Japan was the public enstarting 11 new social settlements of thronement of the present emperor. which he knew Kagawa had been For the first time the empress sat with dreaming but for which he had not the emperor on the enthronement felt free to ask. thrones, and in connection with the public ceremonies in Tokyo members Seventy Years of Christianity in of the Young Women's as well as the Japan Young Men's Associations passed in AT A meeting in Tokyo the seven- review before the imperial family, this tieth anniversary of the coming being the first public appearance of of Christianity to Japan was recently young girls before their majesties.

observed. Some sixteen veterans, Jap- This recognition of womanhood is anese, English and American, who most signi,Jcant. Woman suffrage in had put in fifty years of work in Ja- Japan may be a lcng way off, but it is pan, were the recipients of suitable coming. The ChristianizatiQn of home gifts, the senior member being Mrs. life is being made easier. On behalf Agnes Gordon of the American Board, of the Christians throughout Japan who first went to Japan in 1872. the National Council presented to their Dr. William A. Axling of the Na- imperial majesties two sets of Bibles tional Christian Council in Japan, to especially bound for the occasion.

whom we are indebted for these facts, points out how 'fitting it was that prac- Sanatorium Recognized T tically the first meeting in the new HE Tuberculosis Sanatorium, South Mountain, Haiju, has been honored City Hall should be one to mark the seventieth anniversary of the coming by a generous grant from the Govern- .,"', again to Japan of what it is admitted ment Gene :al in recognition of its spe- by all alike to be one of the forces cial service rendered to Korea in the which have made a definite and valu- fight against tuberculosis. The Sana- able contribution to the national life, torium has had patients from every namely, the Christian religion. Province in Korea and from as far "It is hard to reaJize," he says, "as north as Siberia and Manchuria, and one looks on the Japanese Church to- there are patients from nearly every day, led by Japanese leaders, largely mission doing work in Korea. The 'financed by Japanese money, that it consulting staff of physicians for the .11·'

was only a matter of seventy years Sanatorium have been chosen from ago; yet it was two generations back various Protestant missions doing when such Christians as existed. had work in Korea who are interested in to conceal their beliefs, when notice anti-tubercular effort.-Korea Mission boards were to be seen on all hands Field.

forbidding the 'Evil Sect' and when many of those who dared to confess Aid Korea College Fund A their faith had to pay for their temer-GIFT of $50,000 from Mr. and ,(I , 1, Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer of New York, ity by imprisonment and other forms of official persecution. to the fund of $450,000 being raised "In this big meeting in Tokyo a few in America for new buildings and days ago, to mark the celebration of equipment for the Women's Christian "1 the coming again of Christianity, let- College at Seoul, Korea, has been an- II ters of congratulation were read from nounced. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, the Minister of Education, the Gover- wife of Bishop McConnell, is chair- nor and Mayor of Tokyo and from man of the American Committee. The many others in high position."-Mis- college is conducted by the Woman's sionary Herald. Foreign Missionary Society of the

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodist Episcopal Church and asso- for some years in Angola. Restric- ciated mission agencies. The project tions, however, were added which was started several years ago through would make missionary work almost the purchase of a fifty-acre tract of impossible. These the missions held land west of Seoul. to be a direct infringement of the re- ligious freedom secured by the treaty AFRICA of 1891 between Great Britain and Spiritual Blessing in the Congo Portugal.

THE REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, The British missionary societies ad- of the Congo Mission of the Meth- dressed a letter to the Secretary of odist Episcopal Church writes: State for Foreign Affairs drawing at- tention to this infringement of t"eaty I am having a glorious time here now. rights. The British Minister at Lis- I have had the native teachers here and bon was instructed to make represen- we had a hearl-searching time. The Spirit of the living Christ began to work tations to the Portuguese Government. and is still working in the hearts of the Representatives of the missionary so- people. I like the idea of meeting the cieties met a representative of the Gov- natives where we can confidentially open ernment in Lourenco Marques in the our hearls one to the other and help each other. I have never been as near to the end of January, and a circular giving native heart as I have these past few months. I think sometimes the native an official interpretation .of the decrees confesses Christ but he does not give his was issued to administrators in the .I heart to Him. He is not able to conquer territory. The circular has relieved sin or lead a victorious life because there the situation to some extent by per- is sin down in his heart. In these con- mitting the printing and use of the ferences with the teachers, I feel that Bible, hymn books and other books for many of them are getting a new start. religious worship in the vernacular, In Elisabethville, Brother John Brast- rup and the Longfields have for weeks but some serious difficulties still re- been having special meetings for prayer main in regard to teaching adults to read the vernacular Bible and in re- and revival. The church was filled night gard to the employment of catechists after night and over 300 came to the altar. We were down there two or three nights and on Palm Sunday and realized who have not passed a certain stand- that they could not get into the new ard of education in Portugue~e-a church too soon as it was utterly impos- standard which is still beyond the sible at times for the people to get inside reach of large numbers of mature and the old church and a crowd stood at the doors and windows trying to listen. The trustworthy Christians. The mission- crowd that came for the six o'clock ary societies are still awaiting an an- Easter morning service was twice the swer to the representations made in capacity of the auditorium. Lisbon.

On the Likasi Circuit, there has been a steady program of holding special In Northern Nigeria, the position meetings at various points and there has remains little changed since the COll- been a continual enrollment of those who ference with the Governor in 1927. A have come forward to follow Christ. conference of the missionaries held in Since the conference nine months ago, Miango, in November, 1929, drew at- 500 have been received.

tention to the restrictions which ham- Restrictions in East Africa and per missionary activity in this area, Nigeria. and fresh representations have been I N AUGUST, 1929, two decrees were made to the Governor. issued in Portuguese East Africa which caused missionary societies seri- Negro Missionaries in Africa T ous concern. These decrees introduced WO young colored missionaries re- cently sent from Philadelphia to into East Africa the regulations re- garding schools, the use of the vernac- the Presbyterian mission in West Af- ular, qualifications of teachers and the riea, the Rev. and Mrs. 1. W. Under- employment of evangelists, preachers, hill, write that the people whom they etc., which have been found irksome meet are much interested in the fact

that the newcomers are colored. One NORTH AMERICA chief called a greeting from his gar- Hospital Evangelism I den on seeing them passing through T IS in our hospitals that many for the first time, and others for the his village: "Mbolo, my brother from across the last time, hear from the lips of symseas, they tell me you are black people, pathetic and consecrated men and but you do not look like it! Are you women the sweetest story ever told. really?" Mothers' prayers for sons and daugh- "Yes indeed," Mr. Underhill an- ters again and again have been answered. swered, and Bible verses stored in "Well, then," continued the chief, youth in memory's treasure chambers eager to hear more, "what tribe are after thirty and fifty years bestir the you?" intellect and demand consideration, re- Mr. Underhill said he did not know, pentance and self-surrender. A nurse so far as human tribes are concerned. in charge of a tuberculosis ward re- "What!" the chief exclaimed. fused admission to the little band of "Didn't they write your tribe down in Christian workers. In course of time a book?" He was much perturbed even after she was replaced by another nurse who cordially welcomed them. At the first Mr. Underhill explained that it was service, a message based on John 3: many generaUons ago that the slaves 14-16 prompted 14 out of 25 patients went to America, and that they were to request intercessory prayers. purposely separated as to tribes and In another ward of eighteen paeven families, so that the children did tients, six stated that they were benot know their original family or tribe. lievers in Christ and five of them said '" . "But," the missionary went on, "I that they were converted since their do know what spiritual tribe I belong admission to the hospital. When in to, and you can belong to it too if you an erysipelas ward no one accepted the want to. I belong to the tribe of God, invitation of the evangelist, the nurse and Jesus is my King." in charge set the example. She spoke Before they separated the chief, who to one of her charges and then both had announced that he had many raised their hands. Immediately in wives and hated Christians, promised different parts of the ward other hands that he would go to the services until were raised. Another day, a Chinese he found out more about the King of was one of four who raised their hands the tribes of God. when a returned missionary from Native Doctor 'for Natal China spoke to him in his own lan- guage, concerning Him, who was T HE first Zulu medical doctor to be wounded for our transgressions and qualified in 30 years, Innes Ballan- bruised for our iniquities, and is no tine Gumede, has returned to Natal respector of persons.

from England to work among his "Please do not fail to vi·sit my pacountrymen. He holds a unique posi- tients. They need your message of j 'f" tion among the natives of Natal and hope and cheer," said a nurse to the Zululand, who have not produced a leader of a little band of Christian t' I doctor since Dr. Nembula died over workers in the corridor of a well- 30 years ago. Dr. Gumede proceeded known New York hospital.-By Ernest to England from the South African A. Eggers, Hospital Evangelist, New Native College at Fort Hare, passing York. ,~, the qualifying examination for admission into medical classes in Europe Some Facts on Negro Life ',' :jI O and Great Britain. Natal natives are F THE estimated population of 117,000,000 in the United States proud of their doctor, and gave him enthusiastic welcome.-South African today about 12,000,000, or approxi- Outlook. mately one-tenth, are Negroes.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-), Eighty-five per cent of the Negro of the mite boxes to which the children population of the nation is in the contributed during the Lenten season.

southern states, and sixty-six per cent It is an increase of nearly $500 over is rural. the amount raised last year.

In 1926 American Negroes operated A procession of 1,400 children wear- 1,000,000 farms; conducted 70,000 ing vestments of scarlet, gray, blue business enterprises; and had $2,000,- and white, iron gray or black and 000,000 in accumulated wealth. white, singing as they marched, passed About twenty-three per cent of the down the centre aisle of the cathedral.

Negro population is illiterate as com- Behind them came fifty members of pared with four per cent of the white the clergy in vestments of red and population. Negroes have made re- white. In the congregation were 1,600 markable progress in this respect, other children.-New York Times, however, dropping from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent La.ymen's Missionary Movement T in the sixty-five year,s since emancipa-HE International Committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement tion. For the United States as a whole met in Chicago June 18th to review the expenditure per capita for Negro its work during the past year and to schools averages less than 'one-fourth determine its program for the year of that for .white schools. Here the ahead. Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ," figures range from $23 in Maryland Secretary of the Methodist Episcopal to $4 and $5 in extreme southern states Board of Foreign Missions, was the as contrasted with a national average guest of honor. President John C.

'/ of $75 for white rural children and Acheson of St. Paul, Minn., Chairman $129 for white urban children. of the Executive Committee, and In 1916 there were only forty-four former Vice Moderator of the Pres- high schools f.or Negroes in the whole byterian General Assembly, presided.

country. By 1925-26 there were 209 The report points out that the Lay- accredited four-year high schools for men's Mis,sionary Movement creates Negro youth in the fourteen southern among laymen a consciousness of their states, and 592 two to four year non- personal relation to and responsibility accredited high schools. Notwithstand- for the world mission of Christianity.

this progress there are still 281 The exi,stence of so many women's counties in these states without any missionary organizations among all colored high school either public or communions and denominations great- -' private. ly accentuates the need for a mission- The people of New Orleans have ary movement among men. It is completed successfully a campaign for gratifying to learn that the laymen $250,000 to guarantee the erection of who have been identified with this a $2,000,000 Negro university, health movement during the past twenty center and hospital. The white people years or more did not find themselves 1/ pledged $210,000 and the Negroes called upon to effect a new organiza- $117,000, the quota being oversub- tion, but adapted their program so ad- 'I. scribed by more than $70,000. mirably to the present situation that it has been enthusiastically received Children Donate to Missions by both ministers and laymen in every MORE than 3,000 children from 150 section of the United States. Sunday-schools in the Protestant The report reviews the present mis- Episcopal Di,ocese of New York partici- sionary situati'on, faces the difficulties, pated in a pageant at the Cathedral of outlines its task, re~ommends reme- St. John the Divine at which they pre- dies for overcoming the present prob- sented $40,896.58 for the support of lems, and shows how effectively the the missions at home and abroad. Movement has functioned during the The offering represents the contents past year.

Salvation A·rmy Jubilee Northern Baptists introduced a res- T HE Salvation Army celebrated it,s olution declaring that a nation-wide fiftieth anniversary May 16-23. educational campaign against liquor The occasion was characterized by was necessary, with indications that many meetings in various lands and such a campaign would be held. The with extraordinary demonstrations of report called for a determined stand enthusiasm on the part of Salvation against liquor and the observance of Army workers, and of strong commen- all laws. dation by many public men, and by Christian workers of various denomi- Coincident with the meeting of the nations. Convention was held the National Mrs. Herber Hoover declared that Oouncil of Northern Baptist Laymen. -The P't1esbyterian Advance.

the work of the Salvation Army is "of inestimable value to humanity" in a School for Rural Missionaries A greeting to Miss Evangeline Booth, T THE request of the Internation- al Missionary Council and varithe Commander-in-Chief. In sending this congratulation Mrs. Hoover fol- ous foreign mission boards, the New lowed the example of her husband. York State College of Agriculture at President Hoover, in a message read Ithaca conducted for one month a at the opening of the anniversary, con- school, primarily intended for mis- gratulated the organization on the sionaries of rural interests now on completion, in the United States, of furlough. Twenty missionaries reg- "fifty years of service to God and istered, coming from the Belgian Con- man."-New York Times. go, South Africa, Central and South India, Japan, North and West China.

Northern Baptist Meeting in Cleve- Although the school was an experi- land ment and nearly all the fifteen lectur- DR. ALBERT W. BEAVEN, Presi- ers were ignorant of the needs of rural dent of Colgate-Rochester Divin- missionaries abroad all who attended ity School, Rochester, N. Y., was testified to the value of the school.

elected President of the Northern The missionary students were sup- Baptist Convention which opened its plied with whatever bulletins ~re sessions in Cleveland, Ohio, May 28. wanted from the rich store of the He succeeded Dr. Alton L. Miller of university mailing room, and each spe- Boston, who in his presidential addres·s cial lecturer was not only generous warned the delegates that the forces with printed material regarding his 1 of atheism are a menace challenging subject, but encouraged the reference the Protestant denominations of the of problems to him in the future.- Missionary Herald. world.

He was followed by President Clarence A. Barbour, head of Brown Uni- WESTERN ASIA versity, who cautioned the delegates Turkey Proceeds Against American not to reject anything because it was Movies A new. READER sends us a translation Kansas City, Missouri, was selected of a notice appearing in a Turk- as the 1931 convention city. ish newspaper, MiUiyet (the Repub- An important feature of the second lic), of Stamboul. In this notice the day was a report on prohibition and Government authorizes announcement law enforcement, which was followed that "the National Association for the on Saturday with a keenly anticipated Protection of Children is preparing address by Mrs. Mabel Walker Wilde- two laws to submit to the grand as- brandt, former Assistant United sembly this year: 1. No child below States Attorney General. the age of 18 shall be allowed to buy In connection with prohibition the liquor or cigarettes; 2. No child be-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-J low the age .of 15 shall be allowed to Religious Freedom in Egypt C attend cinemas." Laws thus intro- ONSIDERABLE attention has been given in recent months by duced under Government auspices are assured of enactment. In another part the missionary forces in Egypt to the of the ·same paper it is made clear that question of freedom of conversion the proposed regulations against the from Islam to Christianity. The mat- attendance of children at the movies ter is not academic, for in two test are a result of the Government's de- cases freedom for an unmarried Mos- termination to protect young Turks lem woman to embrace Christianity against what it considers the demor- has been denied by the courts. In one alizing effects of American-made films. of these cases the woman was actually The -situation is worth pondering. A a baptized member of the Evangelical nation that has been popularly identi- community in Egypt. The issue re- fied with anything but a puritanical solves itself into a clash between the code of manners-however unjust that Constitutional provision of absolute notion may have been-taking steps liberty of conscience and the Sharia to guard its children against the moral Law of Personal Status. It does not ravages of the moving pictures ex- appear that any bridge to the former ported from the missionary-sending from the latter has been devised. nation of America! The "infidel" Advantage was taken of the pres- aroused to protect his children's mor- .r als against the product of the "Chris- ence of the Egyptian Delegation in England to raise the question in in- tian" !-Christian Century. formal negotiation with them. It Syria as a RepubHc would perhaps be unwise to nourish too high hopes of success in view of A NEW constitution for Syria has been announced at Paris and pro- the fact that any public proclamation which would be satisfactory to Chris- claimed in the Syrian territory over tians would almost certainly arouse a t which French mandatory powers ex- tend. Under this constitution Syria strong orthodox Mo-slem protest which the Egyptian Government might fear will be a republic with a legislative as·sembly upon which will devolve as to meet. At the same time the issue is one of fundamental importance, not one of its first acts the choice of a only for Egypt but for other Islamic president. An independent statehood and a republican form of government countries, and there can be no ques- tion that a steady pressure must be have been Syrian aspirations ever since the country passed from the con- maintained until the desired end is reached.-Bulletin of The Internation- trol of the Turkish Sultans. The con- al Missionary Council. stitution comes as the limit of the concessions which France can make; Missionary Cooperation in Persia it does not embody three Syrian de- mands-the power of the Syrian Pres- THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, ident to proclaim martial law, to grant one of the Secretaries of the Pres- pardons and to appoint diplomatic rep- byterian Board of Foreign Missions, resentatives to foreign powers. Such writes regarding his recent visit to authority, France holds, is not in ac- Persia: cord with rights existing in a land "I was most favorably impres-sed under a mandate. It recognizes Syria with the fine spirit of cooperation be- as an independent State, it will recog- tween our missionaries and those of nize it as a republic as soon as the the Church Missionary Society of Syrian electors have chosen an assem- England. Mr. J. D. Payne, our Mis- l' bly and a chief executive, and it grants sion Trea·surer, at the request of the to the president the right to adjourn C. M. S. missionaries, makes arrange- and dissolve Parliament under speci- ments for all their travel to the home- fied conditions.-New York Sun. land. Evidently one treasurer might

serve bQth MissiQns. One TheolQgical Independent Methodist Church in Seminary and Bible Training SchQQI is nQW quite PQssible fQr the two. Mis- Mexico siQns. Nurses trained in 'Our Tabriz HQspital are nQW in Isfahan. A visit PLANS fQr the QrganizatiQn 'Of the to. Isfahan to. see BishQP Lint'On and Meth'Odist Church 'Of Mexico. by the the C. M. S. wQrk was most worth uniting ·Qf the churches nQW in the while. The bishQP is in favQr 'Of just Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the 'One Evangelical Church in Persia, as MethQdi·st Episc'Opal Church, and in are the Presbyterian missiQnaries. the Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Plans fQr effecting this have been MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, SQuth, drawn up and are under cQnsideratiQn. were apprQved by the General CQn- In the last analysis, the Persian Chris- ference 'Of the MethQdist EpiscQpal tians shQuld be the 'Ones to. determine Church, SQuth. This brings into. its what form 'Of church gQvernment they final stage the desire 'Of the missiQnwill adQpt. The fine Christian attitude aries and natiQnals 'Of the two. branches taken at present bQth by the C. M. S. 'Of MethQdism in Mexico. to. unite into. and 'Our 'Own missiQnaries in relatiQn 'One Church. Since 1919 they have to' the matter, makes me hQpeful that been wQrking in separate fields, hQldin Persia in the near future we may ing separate cQnferences, and cQnductfind a fQrm 'Of gQvernment adQpted by ing separate institutiQns. The Genthe Evangelical Church which will eral CQnference 'Of the MethQdist cQmbine the best features 'Of EpisCQ~ EpiscQpal Church, meeting in Kansas pacy and Presbyterianism." City in 1928, authQrized its Mexic'O Annual CQnference to. unite with the LATIN AMERICA Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Church, SQuth, prQvided the latter Unique Way to Reduce bQdy tQQk similar actiQn. Thi·s was the actiQn taken in Dallas in May. SLENDERIZING diets, when intrQ- CQmmissiQns are "authQrized to. fQrm- duced in Rio. de Janeiro. by the Y. ulate a basis 'Of uniQn, to. call an au- W. C. A. 'Of Brazil, puzzled the YQuth- tQnQmQus cQnference in Mexico., and to ful members 'Of the health educatiQn perfQrm such 'Other acts as may be clas·ses. "Shall we eat this diet befQre necessary in the QrganizatiQn 'Of the 'Or after meals?" was the questiQn 'Of MethQdist Church 'Of MexicQ." The 'One enthusiast. The use 'Of diet 'Or jQint cQmmissiQn is instructed also. "to exercise to. accQmplish results is fas- pl"Qvide fQr cQntinued 'Organic relacinating as well as new to. them. The tiQnship 'Of the present cQnferences Health DirectQr, Miss Helen PaulisQn, with the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church who. went to. Rio. de J arieirQ in 1927 and the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, from the State Teachers' CQllege fac- SQuth, respectively." ulty in Kirksville, Miss'Ouri, had charge 'Of the recreatiQn at the first Brazil Sunday School Union girls' camp. When the camp was 'Opened three years ago. by the Y. W. T HE Brazil Sunday SchQQI UniQn C. A., it was difficult to. cQnvince par- has develQped a standard training ents that QutdQQr life was healthful CQurse which cQmprises twelve units fQr their daughters. The camp is nQW 'Of ten class peri'Ods-a Qne-hundred- PQPular with parents as well as girls. twenty-peri'Od CQurse. The UniQn's great prQblem nQW is to. prQvide the The Y. W. C. A. theQries 'Of health textbQQks needed fQr many 'Of these and cQrrective exercises were in such CQurses, but as the different missiQn demand that much 'Of Miss PaulisQn's bQards have begun to. make apprQpriatime was spent in a training course tiQns fQr the develQpment 'Of literature, f.Qr teachers and an advanced CQurse it is hQped that preparatiQn 'Of these fQr girls in training at Bennett CQI- texts may nQW go. fQrward withQut lege. i n t e r r u p t i 'On.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Some Living Issues. By Robert E. Speer. today. Then follow chapters applying 280 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. the principles of Christ to such prac- President Angell, of Yale Univer- tical questions of life as tolerance and sity, at the recent commencement, said its limits, prayer, marriage and di- that "the period in which we are liv- vorce, equality of women in the church, ing may well come to be known in re- education, and missions. The final ligious history as the 'age of unbe- chapter is the substance of the great lief' …… Hardly a week goes by that sermon on "Returning to Jesus," some new book does not appear attack- which Dr. Speer preached as Moderator ing one or another of the strongholds of the Presbyterian General Assembly of religious faith, while the popular on his return from the Jerusalem Con- magazines are flooded with articles of ference in 1928, a chapter which fit- like charact~r. Even college profes- tingly closes a noble contribution to .,f sors vie with itinerant lecturers and the religious literature of this gen- casual essayists in the chorus of athe- eration. istic propaganda."

Several books have been reviewed in The History of Protestant Missions in Xo- these columns that ably deal with this rea. By L. George Paik, Ph.D. 438 pp. situation. Most of them, however, $2.50. Christian Literature Society.

valuable as they are, are not likely to Seoul. 1929.

be read by many young people. Dr. The story of Christian missions in Speer's volume will doubtless secure Korea is one of the most inspiring wider popular hearing. He has prob- stories in the history of Foreign Mis- ably addressed more college students sions. It has been told in several books than any other Christian leader of this by missionaries and board secretaries, generation. He knows the youth's and now it has been told by a native mind and how to approach it. He dis- Korean who, after studying in the cusses vital religious questions in such mission schools in Korea, came to a clear and readable way that his book America and completed his studies at should be placed in the hands of tens Park College, Princeton University of thousands of young men and wom- and Princeton Theological Seminary.

en, as well as laymen who do not or- Afterwards he took post graduate dinarily read religious books. In these work at the University of Pennsylva- days of confused voices, when minds, nia and Yale University, the latter in- I: particularly among students, are be- stitution giving him the degree of wildered by doubts, a book like this is Doctor of Philosophy. He is now a 1' of inestimable value. Dr. Speer writes, professor in the Chosen Christian Col- not controversially but in catholic spir- lege, Seoul. Dr. K. S. Latourette, it, and the assured faith of one who Professor of Missions in the Yale can say with St. Paul: "I know Him School of Religion, highly commends whom I have believed." the book in a foreword. While the Seven chapters present the major volume is rather detailed for general truths about Christ-His deity, virgin reading, we concur in the judgment I" birth, crucifixion, resurrection, Lord- of Dr. D. J. Fleming, Professor of ship, and His place in the world of Missions in Union Theological Sem- 637

inary, New York, that "it ought to books, and brought together in one be in every missionary library and all corrected narrative the important in- board secretaries should have it." Or- cidents connected with the develop- ders sent to THE REVIEW will be for- ment of the missionary spirit and warded to the publishers' in Korea. activities of all the evangelical churches of that day. Beginning with Korea Calls. By Lois Hawks Swinehart. brief sketches of John Eliot and Da- 160 pp. $1.25. Revell. New York. vid Brainard, out of which grew the Mrs. Swinehart has given an inter- Society for the Propagation of the esting and instructive depiction of the Gospel in New England, and by which education, charming penonality, and William Carey and Henry Martyn sterling Christian character of an were inspired to enter on their mis- American girl who, following her vi- sionary careers, the author proceeds sion, became a missionary in a far to describe the rise of the great Methaway land in spite of the strenuous odist Home Missions Movement under objections of an aunt whose intention the leadership of Bishop Asbury, was to make her a queen among the whose personal record was the preachyounger set of an American City. The ing of 16,000 sermons, ordaining more author's story of Frances Holt's let- than 4,000 preachers, and traveling ters to her father, describing the pic- by horseback and carriage 270,000 turesque costumes, moods of life, miles. strange language and customs of Ko- It was, however, as our author reans, the beautiful landscape of Ko- points out, hyper-Calvinists (they rea, her unexpected fall into a "tiger called themselves "Consistent Calvindrive" on her initial journey and her ists") of the Edwardeon and Hopkinlucky escape are highly entertaining. sian type who took the lead in pro- The author points out, too, that the moting missions to foreign lands. service of carrying Christian faith, Both Samuel Mills of the Haystack hope, and love to oppressed, broken- prayermeeting and Adoniram Judson hearted, and benighted humanity were disciples of Samuel Hopkins, who throughout the world is the noblest held the view that "one must be willhuman endeavor and that it therefore ing, nay, even anxious to spend his requires the best type of men and eternity in hell if it should chance to women as missionaries. please God to send him there"! The book is written in lucid style and the story is facinating, even Readers of all denominations will though it is a disappointment to the find sketches of the beginning of the Korean on account of its revelation of missionary work of their several some of the worst and not at all of the churches, which are not brought tobest side of the social, religious, and gether in any other one book in such intellectual life of the Korean. a compact and interesting way. The whole story is made readable by a PEONG K. YOON. genial vein of humor, and the author's The Rise of the Missionary Spirit in Amer- comments are characterized by com- ica,1790-1815. By Oliver Wendell Ells- mon sense and a commendable breadth bree, Ph.D. 145 pp. Cloth, $2.00; of view. S. H. CHESTER.

Paper, $1.00. Williamsport Printing Co. The Present and Future of Religion. By This is a valuable contribution to C. E. M. Joad. 310 pp. $2. Macmillan. current mIssIOnary literature, al- New York.

though it contains little that is not This book is an example of the as- familiar to the student of missions. saults upon the churches. The author, The author has searched through al- a graduate of Oxford University and most innumerable periodicals, pamph- a lecturer on philosophy, says that his lets and sermons of the period, and "interest is that neither of a believer about two hundred contemporary nor of a sceptic but of an absorbed

BOOKS WORTH READING

spectator." But he reports with gusto pen and brush, as well as by her per- all the adverse statistics he has been sonality and prayer, extended in ever- able to get hold of, magnifies the de- widening circles throughout the Near fects of the churches, ignores most of East. Artist, writer and mystic, she their virtues, and minimizes what he found her ,theme and inspiration in cannot ignore. His book deals pri- work among the lowly, first in the marily with the Church of England, City of Algiers and then on long itiner- but he includes references to other ating journeys to the borders of the churches in both Great Britain and Sahara. No missionary in modern America. One of the many samples times has prepared more effective lit- of the judgment of this philosophic erature for the Moslem heart; and "spectator" is his statement on pp. 16, she was the pioneer in attempts to 17 that "far more people believe that make Christian literature in Arabic the Bible is inspired than that the first artistically attractive. The record of chapter of Genesis is historical. The her life here given happily consists inference seems to be that many peo- largely of extracts from her own jour- ple who regard the Bible as God's book nals and letters. There is scarcely any consider that He has wilfully deceived attempt at interpretation. One who His readers in the first chapter." knew her intimately sums up the se- When a writer makes a statement like cret of her life in these words: that, we wonder whether we should "Her wide outlook and vision, and vindicate his intelligence at the ex- her touch with world mission prob- pense of his sincerity or his sincerity lems, went hand in hand with a grasp at the expense of his intelligence. of detail which amazed, as did her memory. Her methodical files and The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the folios and her unfailing attention to Thessalonians. By C. F. Hogg and W. business and to letters were all the E. Vine. 307 pp. $1.60. Pickering and more remarkable in one who had such Inglis. London. great artistic and literary gifts. Miss Trotter has always seemed to me, in A conservative, exegetical, practical, these nearly twenty years of working missionary commentary on the earliest under her, like a knight with a pure of Paul's epistles. It gives the mean- white banner floating on high, and ing of the text with references to all never for an instant lowered, a knight parallel passages. The authors write never off duty." S. M. ZWEMER. in a sane and scholarly way and their work was highly commended by the late W. H. Griffith Thomas. Unfor- Romance Road: Life and Work in North- tunately even this second edition has ern Africa. By Georgiana Barbara four pages of typographical correc- Such. 215 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. tions. S. M. ZWEMER. An .engrossing narrative of travel Lilias Trotter. By Blanche A. F. Pigott. in Morocco and Algiers with brief ex- 245 pp. $2.50. Marshall, Morgan & cursions in Kabylia and Tunisia. The Scott. London. writer loves the Arabs and Kabyles The large circle of friends who have and has spent many days with them seen the clear flame of this candle in on the road and in their villages.

North Africa owe a great debt to Miss "Their condition is pitiful, their needs Ij Pigott, who was Miss Trotter's com- appalling, their poverty tragic, but I rade for half a century and who their hearts are clean and their souls Ii through months of weakness has com- worthy of our love." There are pen piled this memorial of a deathless life. sketches of Casablanca, the new Miss Trotter was born in 1853 and French capital with its mushroom died in 1928. The greater part of her growth, of Algiers in its romantic life was spent in Algiers where she beauty, of the dancing women of the founded the Algier's Mission Band, nomads, and of the wild weird per- but the influence she exerted by her formances of the dervishes. One

misses the background of those who about Russia-clear, comprehensive, know Islam as the dominant religion, up-to-date and judiciously fair. Have- and no direct mention is made of es- lock Ellis calls it "the most competent tablished missions, but the author is and best balanced book on Russia."

sympathetic in outlook although very "I've learned more from it than I have limited in her knowledge of Arabic. from any other book I've read for The illustrations are beautiful, but the years," says H. G. Wells. John Dewey picture of a possible jihad given in writes an introduction in which he the last chapter is fanciful. There is declares that "to read these pages with no map and no index. sympathy is to travel the road of a S. M. ZWEMER. liberal education. He has risen above the trammels of partisanship and Immanuel Hymnal. 600 pp. The Mac- achieved a depiction as objective, as millan Co. New York. 1929. impartial, as it is moving and varied."

In this collection of about six hun- The book shows that what is taking dred church hymns, with music and place is not a mere surface change, a responsive Scripture readings, the dis- realignment of existing institutions, tinctive features are the complete ab- but a veritable uprooting of humanity. sence of hymns having a Unitarian "Russia has plucked up the old world tinge or of obscure spiritual meaning, by its very roots, and the party in the introduction of much new music power is glad to see these roots wilt of a high order (one fifth of the tunes and turn to dust …… She wants a being new), and the excellent arrange- society without religion, with sex freement of the Scripture readings under dom, with external compulsions reheadings which suggest the Scriptural moved from family and love, with themes. There is also an admirable mental and manual workers reduced series of indexes, alphabetical, metri- to a plane of equality, with the indical and subject, first lines and tunes. vidual depending for his salvation not The collection represents a winnow- on himself but the group. A whole ing from the best great hymns of the generation is being vigorously reared Church of the past, with important in the belief that religion is a monnew material and the rediscovery of strous unreality, that the accumulasome of the best devotional melodies tion of material substance is the from the hymnology of Germany and grossest of wrongs, and that the man othpr lands. This hymnal will con- in its pursuit, especially the business tribute in marked degree to intelli- man, is the slimiest creature on earth." gent, spiritual worship. These are not the words of a man H. R. MONRO. who has depended on second hand in- formation. He was born in Russia, lived there till the age of fourteen Humanity Uprooted. By Maurice Hindus. when he came to America, and in 1923 369 pp. $3.50. Jonathan Cape and went back to Russia, and since then Harrison Smith. New York. has visited Russia almost annually, roaming at leisure in Siberia, the Cau- Everywhere people are thinking about Russia. There is an impression casus, the Volga region, the Ukrains, that something unprecedented is tak- the Crimea and the far North, his ing place, but there is a suspicion that Russian birth and knowledge of the some of the reports are Soviet propa- language opening to him sources of ganda and that others are the exag- information that were closed to others.

gerated charges of hostile critics. Just No one who wants to know the real what and why is the Russian type of truth about Soviet Russia can afford Communism? What is it doing? What to miss this authentic and graphic ac- are its merits and demerits? This count of an upheaval among 150,000,- book answers these and related ques- 000 people, which may have a porten- tions. It is preeminently the book tous effect upon the world.