The Missionary Review of the World — September 1936

1936

Six Chiefs Come to Kwato Emma Belle D. Pierson The Bethel Bands in China Andrew Gih Difficulties of German Christians Conrad Hoffmann, Jr.

What IndianWomanhood Owes to Christ Mohini Dass The New Era of Foreign Missions Julius Richter Hinduism as Seen from Within v. R. Chandra 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

NEWS! Dates to Remember president of the General Council

October 12-18-International Con- the Congregational and Christian Churches of America at the biennial for the Children's Division vention of the Disciples of Christ. meeting of the Council, June 16, at Kansas City, Mo. South Hadley, Mass. Dr. Mary E. Woolley, retiring president of Mount of your Sunday School October 14-15 – Annual Meeting, Holyoke College, was elected honorary American Mission to Lepers, New president. Standard's three completely correlated York City. closely graded courses for the Children's *** Division are outstanding in beauty and October 21-24-National Council of completeness. They offer the important Young Men's Christian Associa- Dr. Webster E. Browning, after and vital advantages of being (1) Christ- tions, Cincinnati, Ohio. forty years of service in South Amer- ica. has been called to act as Record- Centered in that the life of the child is November 17-19 – National Confer- ing Secretary of the Board of Forguided toward the attainment of the ence on the Rural Church, Ames, eign Missions of the Presbyterian Christ ideal through the lessons, and Iowa. Church. He will temporarily share (2) true-to-the-Bible as the revealed responsibilities in the administration Word of God. November 23-24 – United Steward- of the work in Latin America and Af- ship Council Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. rica. BEGINNER'S – PRIMARY JUNIOR CONFEREI'TCES AND SCHOOLS *** OF MISSIONS Rev. Ellsworth M. Smith, of An- THE BEGINNER'S COURSE, fully Affiliated with the Council of Women dover-Newton Theological School, has re-edited, profusely illustrated, with for Home Missions and the Com- been elected field worker of the Amerstory papers in full color. mittee on Women's Work, For- ican Baptist Home Mission Society in the Department of Town and Country THE PRIMARY COURSE. Brand eign Missions Conference Work. He is a graduate of Colgate University (1926) and of Andover- New – the last word in Sunday School Baltimore, Md.-October 19-21. Newton Theological School. lessons. The first year of the new three year course is now ready. Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Cal- *** houn St., Baltimore, Md. THE JUNIOR COURSE, popular in Miss Margaret Wrong, Secretary thousands of schools, has been com- Houston, Texas – September 28 – Ocpletely revised this year. tober 2. of the International Committee on Christian Literature for Africa and Dean – Mrs. A. B. Hynes, 618 who has been visiting Africa during the past few months, is contributing THE STANDARD PUBLISHING CO. Highland, Houston, Texas. an article to our October number on Africa. 8th & Cutter St•., Cincinnati, Ohio, Dept. MR 836 Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)- *** Please send Free Prospectus and complete informa- September 21-25. tion on Standard Courses along with sample lessons Dr. William E. Shaw, a Methodist and lupporting materials for the______Dept_ Ex. Sec. – Mrs. C. E. Heard, superintendent for the Peoria, Illinois 3020 Colfax Ave., Minneapolis, District, has been elected correspond- Name ………………………………………. _ Minn. ing secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Address …………………………………….. . Southern California (Los AngeZes)- Church. September 21-25. *** City …………………….State …………….. . Mrs. H. M. Horn, 1965 Carmen Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. Karlton C. Johnson, the organizing secretary of the South African Na- Warren, Ohio-October 6-7. tional Sunday School Association, is now in Durban leading a campaign The Presbyterian Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott for the improvement of Sunday St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. schools in that district. He will visit each Sunday school, and following A weekly religious newspaper in Personal Items each visit will meet the staff and sugits lo6th year of continuous pub- gest possibilities for the work. lication under the same name. Mrs. Ruth Stafford Peale was re- cently elected president of the Wom- The Rev. E*dwa*rd * Weeks Cross, It is conservative and evangel- en's Board of Domestic Missions of ical, gets its news by telegraph the Reformed Church of America. pastor of the Union Church, Richand keeps abreast of the times. She is the wife of Dr. Norman Vin- mond Hill, N. Y., has been elected cent Peale, pastor of the Marble Col- president of the Home Mission Boards It goes into every state of the legiate church, New York, and suc- of the Congregational Church in place Union, the District of Columbia, ceeds Mrs. James E. Graham, of Up- of William Horace Day, retired. Mr. and U. S. possessions. per Montclair, N. J. Cross was born in Minneapolis and was graduated from Carlton College It goes to Asia and Africa, South *** in 1907. He took his degree in the- America, Canada and New Zealand ology at Oberlin four years later. His and into twelve countries of Eu- The Rev. J. L. Dodds, Secretary of brother, Roland M. Cross and a sister, rope. the India Council for Northern India, Laura B. Cross, are missionaries in Punjab and Western India Missions, China. Subscription Price, – has accepted the invitation of the Ministerial Rate, Board of Foreign Missions of the *** Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., to be- 50e. extra—Canadian postage come one of the secretaries of the Dr. Harold Storm of the Arabian $1.00 extra—Foreign postage Board in New York. Mission of the Reformed Church in THE PRESBYTERIAN *** America, arrived in Bahrain at the end of March after making a tour 1217 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Herbert B. Clark, of Massa- across Arabia and all around the coast chusetts, has been elected president from Jiddah to Bahrain. He started of the Northern Baptist Convention. on June 10, 1935, and traveled approx- He is a graduate of Williams College imately 5,000 miles. and a business man of very wide in- terests. *** *** Bishop John W. Robinson of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India Roger Ward Babson, eminent sta- has resigned from the office of mis- tistician and lecturer, was elected (Concluded on page 385.)

MISSIONARY Christ' and gives us the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD zeal to go on in this service."

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor FORD G. LASSE, Missionary of the Africa Inland VOL. LIX SEPT., 1936 NO.9 Mission, Congo Beige. Publication and Business Office- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Editorial and Executive Office- Miss Mary E. Markley, President of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. the American Section of the Govern- Entered as second-class matter at ing Board of St. Christopher's Train- ing College, Madras, India, will be Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., undel glad to give information about the Act of March 3, 1879. school. Mrs. F. G. Cook, whose name is mentioned in the footnote of an 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. article about the school in our July Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. issue, died some time ago. Published monthly, except Aug••st, All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935, Personal Items British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, (Concluded from 2d cover.) London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shlllings a year.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- sionary bishop to which he was elected LISHING CO., INC. in 1912. In 1920 he was elected gen- BOARD OF DIRECTORS eral superintendent. Bishop Robinson ROBERT E, SPEER, l'rcsident went to India as a missionary in 1892 A. L, WARNSHUIS, Vice-PreBident and has rendered very efficient, loving WALTER MCDOUGALL, 'l'reasurer service for the past 44 years. DELAVAN L, PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Miss Jenny de Mayer, the Russian D. J, FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Christian, has at last been released WM. B. LIPPHARD by the Soviet after "three banishments and eight prison stays." Miss de ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Mayer is now in Palestine and is eager When your Call comes from the East … to do something for Moslems and SAIL BY P&O others out of Christ. Her hope is to Choose the convenient and traditional Editorial Chat look up the numerous Onsbek refugees way, to whatever part of the East the from Turkestan who have settled in work of the Faith may take you … to Egypt, Sudan, the Persian Gulf, India, In view of the necessary absence of Jerusalem, Haifa, Beirut, Damascus, Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, the editor from the office of THE RE- and to distribute among them the China,Japan, Australia, New Zealand, VIEW for several weeks, Mr. Robert stock of her Onsbek tracts. East or South Africa. Just cross to M. Kurtz, recently editor of The Bib- England by Cunard White Star and lical Review of New York has kindly *** sail from there in any Liner of the undertaken to edit THE REVIEW for great P & 0 fleet … including the new October. Mr. Kurtz's work on the Rev. F. Raymond Clee, D.D., pas- sister-ships Strathnaver, Strathaird quarterly has made him well and fa- tor of the Old Bergen Reformed and Strathmore. You'll enjoy the utvorably known to a wide circle of Church of Jersey City, the oldest Prot- most comfort of this western world, readers. He is a member of the estant church in New Jersey, and one all the way East! Executive Committee of the American of the leading younger men in the de- Tract Society and is busy in many nomination, was elected president of Convenient through bookings can be arranged other forms of Christian service. the 130th General Synod of the Re- by your local travel agent or any office of formed Church in America this year. *** Rev. John R. Mulder, D.D., Professor CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE of Pastoral Theology of the Western Our next issue, October, will deal Theological Seminary of Holland, General Agents with the foreign mission study topic, Michigan, was made vice-president. 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, New York Africa. Many interesting articles have *** been prepared by missionaries, mis- • Dr. G. Campbell Morgan will celesion executives and native African brate his sixtieth anniversary as a Christians. This issue of THE REVIEW, preacher next December. He began to with its wealth of information on Af- preach when he was thirteen years rica, will be a stimulus to many. Spe- old. Few living preachers have decial rates for quantities ordered at one livered as many sermons, lectures, and addresses, as this honored Bibletime. teacher, whose ministry still attracts 1,800 people every. week. *** The August issue of THE REVIEW was omitted-to save expense and be- Dr. Henry H*. R*igg*s of the famous cause many readers are away from home. To compensate for this the June, missionary family of Turkey, has ac- July, September and October issues cepted the invitation of the Near East each contain sixteen extra pages. Christian Council to become its exec- *** utive secretary. He succeeds Dr. RO.J- . ert P. Wilder who very efficiently filled What our readers think is shown in that office for six years. letters. "We not only keenly enjoy THE RI!l- VIEW but cannot help but realize how Dr. Wi11iam* F.* Fr*azier who has narrow and limited would be our view- been Congregational Superintendent point and our vision out here in Cen- of Vermont and Connecticut, was tral Africa were it not for these chosen by the General Council of the glimpses that give us Current Events, Congregational and Christian Church- Spiritual Teaching, and that benefit es to fill the position of executive that deepens the understanding and vice-president of the Home Mission broadens the sympathy resulting in Boards. He is a graduate of Oberlin.

the edification that brings us day by His headquarters are to be in New day to the 'stature of the fullness of York.

[385 ]

A RECENT TOUR—–<CECIL ABEL AND HEATHEN MEN OF

THE KWATO EVANGELISTIC TEAM, WITH CARRIERS AT AMAU VILLAGE The Rest House, built for the team by Blruma, is on the right. Davida, the Kwato Evangelist, is in the center with a gun. The team crossed the mountains in the distance. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times PLANS FOR THE I. M. C.-HANGCHOW, 1938 hensive endeavor. Groups will also be formed in Western countries to study the problem of evangelism, and keep Plans are being made to hold the next general in touch with the general investigation.

meeting of the International Missionary Council c. The Life of the Church. Preparation under this head in China-ten years after the important meeting comprises: in Jerusalem in 1928. The Ad Interim committee of the Council met (June 4 to 8) at Old Jordans, (1) Studies of the inner life of the Church, its worship, the religious life of the home, and the problem of religious education.

near London, England, and the principal decisions (2) The enlisting of lay voluntary leadership; the re- regarding the 1938 meeting may be summarized cruiting, enlisting and training of lay voluntary service as follows. * in the upbuilding of the Church and in evangelistic work; the raising up of more lay service in so-called homebase 1. The place of meeting is to be Hangchow, China. This countries in furtherance of the main aims of the 1938 is a modification of the earlier proposal to hold the meet- Meeting.

ing in Kowloon, near Hongkong. The change was made (3) The nature and meaning of the Church. Here it is because of the strong recommendations of both the Chi-· proposed to encourage the publication of individual and nese and Japanese National Councils. The holding of this group studies by national leaders on the subject of the meeting in the Far East is significant in that it is evi- Church.

dence of the growth of the churches in Asia, and of their (4) The relation of the Church to Christian movements place in the future program of the whole Church. The outside the Church such as are found in Japan, China, "homebase" of missions is now world-wide, and East and India, Latin America and elsewhere.

West must work together for the evangelization of the (5) The relation of the Church to the cultural heritage world. of the different countries.

2. The meeting will be held during approximately a (6) The bearing of education on the life of the Church.

fortnight through the closing days of September and A definite effort will be made to survey the findings of the opening days of October, 1938. recent Commissions on different aspects of educational 3. The central theme is to be the Church. This means policy as they bear directly upon the life of the Church.

the universal Church, for the central issue all over the (7) The bearing of medical missions on the life of the world is the Church's life and witness in the face of the Church as shown in connection with studies on medical world situation. The meeting, being held in Asia, while missionary work recently undertaken in China, India and maintaining its ecumenical outlook, will have as its pri· other countries.

mary and immediate interest the development of the (8) The work of the missionary and his training for younger Christian communities as living members of the service under present conditions.

universal historic Christian fellowship. d. The Church and Its Environment. Here there are 4. This central theme comprises five main subjects: four main problems on which it is necessary that work a. The Faith by which the Church lives. It was agreed should be undertaken.

that the statement of the Christian Message as the basis (1) The economic basis of the Church will be studied of world-wide evangelistic work accepted at the Jerusalem in order that definite information may be made available Meeting has been so widely used throughout the world for the leaders of the Church as they face such problems that it is needless to repeat the work that was done there. as the support of the ministry and the maintenance of The need is to relate that message to the changing condi- Church life and worship.

tions of the time. (2) The Church and the changing economic and social b. The Witness of the Church. It is proposed to pro- order. In view of the pressure of the economic situation mote in all countries a study of evangelistic work, to be throughout the world, it is proposed that J. Merle Davis carried out under the guidance of the National Christian should transfer his office to Shanghai, spending the next Councils. All mission boards will be invited to urge upon two to three years in the Far East and India, and that he their missionaries the fullest cooperation in this compre- shall confer with the leaders of the National Christian Councils and of the younger churches as to the nature • The minutes of this meeting have been published and may be ob- of the service which the Church should perform in this tained on application to the Secretaries, 156 Fifth Avenue, New field. York. (Price 10 cents.) [ 387]

(3) The problem of war. In all countries alike the duism re-absorbed much of this reform movement danger of war and the question of the duty of the Chris- and it became possible for Hindus to take over tian in relation to war are matters of urgent concern. what they wished of Christian teaching, provided Regard will be paid to the need for representing Chris- only that they adhered to caste restrictions. tian th'Ought on this subject. Thereafter the Christian movement in India be- came more and more a movement among the low- (4) The challenge of the modern State to the Church. caste or outcaste people; and for two generations Definite study will be undertaken in regard to the diffi- now multitudes of these people have been coming culties of maintaining Christian education under regula- into the Christian Church. By reason of their tions enf'Orced by some governments, and the menace poverty and ignorance they have constituted a offered in certain countries to conversion and to religious great problem for the Church. But, on the other freedom. hand, the obvious transforming influence of Christ working among them has been the most effective e. Closer Cooperation. Under this head three main sub- apologetic for Christianity in India. jects are to be studied: New terminology is now coming into use. In- (1) How to enlist groups of people who stand outside stead of being called the "lowcaste" or "outcaste" the fellowship of the Council and its related bodies. people, these unprivileged millions are now called the "depressed" classes or, in a phrase suggested (2) The financing of cooperative enterprises. by Bishop Azariah, perhaps the foremost Indian (3) The question of cooperation in practical work, the leader in the Christian Church, the "exterior" promoting 'Of more vigorous united activity, and the se- castes. curing of more common planning of Christian work in areas where the situation demands it. Now a new situation has recently arisen of (4) Every effort will be made in carrying out these which the Rev. William Paton, who has just repreparations to observe two principles: First, no attempt turned from India, writes: will be made to lay upon overburdened people fresh labori in the study and preparation unrelated to what they The movement among the depressed classes is both deep are now engaged upon. Second, it is vital to the success and extensive. The regions in which I happened to hear of this work that it should be conceived of, not as prep- most about it were the United Provinces, the Central aration for a meeting, but as the embarking of Christian Provinces, the Telugu country and Travancore. A meetpeople throughout the world upon a combined adventure ing of representatives of the Indian Church and the Misof work, thought and prayer related at every turn t'O the sions in the United Provinces agreed that while in the practical needs of the day, and bent upon the discovery western part of the Provinces the movement of the deof the will of God. In this combined adventure, which pressed classes toward the Church was strongest, and was must extend over years, the meeting will occupy a central rapidly growing in such a way as to demand Christian place, f'Or in it will be gathered up the lessons of experi- reinforcement, the attitude of the same class in all parts ence, and through it fresh light will be thrown upon the of the Province was such that consistent witnessing by problems of the day, and a new incentive gained in the the Christian Church would be attended by n'Otable results further carrying out of the work. everywhere. In the Central Provinces Bishop Pickett has followed up his Mass Movement Report by spending s'Ome The participation of the American churches in weeks in different parts of the Central Provinces studying this adventure will be organized under a special the evangelistic opportunities with Indian Christians and committee appointed by the Foreign Missions missionaries in the light of the principles 'Of his report. Conference of North America. Both missionaries and Indian Christians assured me th8" a number of groups, some depressed class, some aborig-· The need for prayer is emphasized and the wid- inal, were moving as communities towards the Church, ei' use of the Council's "Call to Prayer" is desired. and the Mid-India Christian Council is taking steps to press forward with a campaign of evangelism combined Two other actions of the Ad Interim committee with an attempt to bring to bear the principles of the will be of general interest: first, a new statistical Pickett Report in the study of what had been regarded survey was launched. The last world-wide statis- as sterile areas. tics of Protestant foreign missions were published in the World Missionary Atlas in 1925. The new The great movement in the Telugu country is familiar survey will" be based on the situation as of the to all. It is estimated that in the last two years 112,000 year· 1935. The committee responsible for the persons joined the Church in different parts of the Telugu study is internationally representative; the exec- area. As is well known, the depressed class movement utive offices will be in New York and the Director has in this part 'Of India been so strong and well led that is Mr. Joseph 1. Parker. it has had a profound effect upon the Sudra, or middle caste people, and the considerable accretions to the Church Second, the Archbishop of York was invited to which have come from these groups have been drawn, it serve as a Vice-chairman of the Council in place is interesting to note, mainly from the lowest group of of the late Bishop of Salisbury. the Sudras who are nearest to the depressed classes, and from the highest groups where there is leadership and A. L. WARNSHUIS. understanding sufficient to recognize the great issues at stake. THE "EXTERIOR" CASTE MOVEMENT IN INDIA Possibly the largest single movement by which the Church is confronted in the whole 'Of India is that of the In the early years of the missionary movement Ezhavas in Travancore, Cochin and British Malabar. in India many of the converts were from the higher castes in Hinduism. Then the Hindu reform movements began which supplied a half-way place between Hinduism and Christianity. Later Hin-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

These people are not strictly "Untouchable" or "De- madiyas and others spoke through representapressed," and are rather similar in status to the Nadars tives. Two Christian speakers were heard, of of Tinnevelly, who have been the backbone of the Tinne- whom the Rev. John E. Wallace, of Mainpuri, velly church. Their lower grades are nearer to the Un- who was present, writes: touchables in status, but in their higher reaches they have men in the professions. I was told in southwest India Owing to the crowd, the heat, and the great length of that the total community numbers 2% millions, though this the meeting the speakers did not have an easy time in may be an exaggeration. There is deep unrest among putting their messages across. Our Christian representathem, and a steadily increasing movement for breaking tives were handicapped in coming on the program almost with Hinduism. I understand that they have been pass- at the last after four hours of continuous meeting, and ing resolutions by 90% majorities in groups all over the the Rev. John Subhan was able to present only a part of territory, expressing their desire to become Christians, his message because of the noise. Mrs. Mohini Dass, howand already their leaders have been in touch with Chris- ever, was aDle to get better attention and gave a powerful tian leaders in Kottayam. A special conference held in talk. The next day we heard from several different sources March in Alwaye considered ways by which the Syrian, that the Depressed Class leaders themselves considered Anglican and South India United Churches could coop- the addresses of the Sikh representative and Mrs. Mohini erate in meeting this gigantic opportunity, and it is fully Dass as the two best. On Sunday morning a number of recognized that nothing less than an enormous outpouring the leaders accepted an invitation to attend church service of voluntary service can be of any use. at one of the English churches, where the Rev. Abdul Haqq of our (Presbyterian) church gave a strong message The latest developments of the movement among the "exterior" castes may be said to have A number of us too received permission to attend the begun with the meeting of low castes at Yeola, meetings of their representatives, not open to the gennear Nasik, in the Bombay Presidency in October, eral public. From these personal contacts and conversa- 1935. At that time Dr. Ambedkar, Principal of tions it is apparent that there are many of the Depressed the Law College in Bombay and representative Class leaders who are very strongly inclined towards of the outcastes at the Round Table Conference, Christianity. The Conference in Lucknow took action declared that while he was born a Hindu, he did supporting Dr. Ambedkar's resolve to leave the fold of not intend to die a Hindu and advised the low- Hinduism, but to take no definite step for at least a year. caste people to reject the religion which had been the cause of their misery and to choose for them- The Lucknow Conference took no final action selves some other religion that would guarantee except that the exterior castes would not remain freedom and brotherhood. On November 10, within the Hindu fold. The following are the first 1935, Dr. Ambedkar had a conference with some two of the six resolutions adopted by the Conferprogressive caste Hindus who had been appointed ences: at a meeting on October 26. The report on his position in this interview was summed up by (1) (a) This Conference expresses its full confidence in Dr. Ambedkar, as follows: Doctor Ambedkar, the world renowned leader of the De- pressed Classes. (b) It also supports the resolution passed In brief, being born in the untouchable community, I at the Yeola Conference of the Depressed Classes in the deem it my first duty to strive for its interest and my District of Nasik declaring in favor of a change of reliduty to India as a whole is secondary. I have strong gion. (c) While this Conference declares that for their religious sentiment according to my own conception of salvation the Depressed Classes should not remain within religion, but I have no faith in Hinduism and I hate hy- the Hindu fold it further enjoins that the Depressed pocrisy. I have therefore decided to renounce Hinduism, Classes of this country must not embrace any religion, but I do not intend to do so immediately as I want to until the matter of their conversion is finally decided by carry my community with me. The Harijan army is not an All-India Depressed Classes Conference under the marching today and it is watching and waiting for a leadership of Dr. Ambedkar, after careful study of everysuitable opportunity. In the meanwhile, the "touchables" thing involved. may go on making their efforts on the lines chalked out by you … (2) In order to consider the whole question of the con- version of the Depressed Classes to another religion; this From the point of view of the interests of my commu- Conference appoints a committee consisting of the follownity it is necessary that it should be united with and ab- ing persons, with power to coopt other members. (Ninesorbed into some powerful and living community. It is teen names are given.) This committee after examining my intention to make this movement for change of re- the different aspects of all the religions and considering ligion an all-India one. If my community does not follow the whole matter in the interest of the Depressed Classes me then I will alone change my religion. should submit their report to the All-India Depressed Classes Conference. This committee will also work as From these beginnings agitation has spread the Executive body of this Conference. far and wide among the lowcaste people of India. In many local gatherings the question was de- Following the Lucknow Meeting there were bated as to which religion should be chosen, and meetings both in Madras and in Bombay. The after several postponements an All India Con- Times of India reports that the Bombay Conferference was held at Lucknow on May 22, 1936, ence, of nearly 10,000 men and women, urged on at which representatives of the different religions its members to stop worshiping Hindu deities, of India were invited to speak. The Mohamme- stop observing Hindu festivals, and stop visiting dans, Buddhists, Bahais, Sikhs, Quadianis, Ah- Hindu holy places.

Another great meeting was held at Dadar in the Bombay Presidency at which Dr. Ambedkar

spoke and at which similar resolutions were King displayed a keen interest in the proceedings, adopted. Mrs. Updegraff of Nipani writes of this personally attending a number of sessions and meeting: entertaining the leaders at a reception at the royal palace. Bishop Lunde, Primate of the Church of Although there were from fifteen to twenty thousand Norway, presided at the opening session and took people present everything went off like clockwork, quietly an active part in the convention arrangements. and sympathetically. Another presiding officer of distinction was Hon. Lord Kinnaird of England. Among the greetings Many special thoughts from Dr. Ambedkar's speech had received, was one from King Edward VIn and been printed beforehand and posted in prominent places an extended and striking message from Generalin the Audience Hall . . . Here are some of the above issimo Chiang Kai-shek of China. mentioned sentences in his speech: The reports place the present membership of 1. Why do you stay in a religion which does not allow the Sunday schools connected with the Associayou to become educated? tion at thirty-eight million-an army of peace far exceeding, numerically, all the standing armies 2. Why do you stay in a religion which comes between of the world. More than one-half of this vast you and employment? membership is in the United States, but impor- tant advances are reported from China, Africa 3. If you wish to live happily, change your religion. and other lands. There are 419,000 pupils in the 4. If you wish to gain independence, change your re- Sunday schools of South Africa alone, and 200,- ligion. 000 children in the Sunday schools of China, with 5. The religion that says to the illiterate, remain illit- 6,500 teachers. By way of contrast there are but erate, to the poor, remain poor, and gives this teaching, 7,500 Sunday school children in Italy, with 579 is no religion-it is punishment. teachers. 6. The religion that does not feel defiled when it touches impurity but feels defiled by touching a man, that is no The Convention theme was "Christ the Hope religion, it is foolishness. of the World" and the addresses were largely on 7. Why do you remain in a religion which at every step this lofty evangelical plane. Sir Harold Mackindestroys your self respect? tosh, President of the Association, proved an able The speaker making the address of welcome said: "In chairman. His brief addresses were marked by getting ready to change their religion (to prepare for it) unusual felicity and tact. Among the leading even old men and women in villages have thrown out of speakers, in addition to those mentioned, were their houses like rubbish their Hindu shrines and religious Hon. Nils Hjelntveit, representing the Norwegian books, etc.! People have become so ready to throw over Government, Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, of Japan, Dr. Hinduism that whenever Dr. Ambedkar or his leaders D. Willard Lyon, of China, Dr. S. W. Hughes, of will say so, the Mahars will do whatever they say and London, Professor Daniel Lamont, Moderator of join whatever religion they tell them to join." the Church of Scotland, Dean Luther Weigle, of It is evident that a movement has begun, Yale Divinity School, and the very Rev. Garfield freighted with almost boundless possibilities for Williams, D.D., Dean of Manchester Cathedral. good or evil. The National Christian Council of The General Secretaries, Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, India is seeking to provide wise guidance for the of New York, and Dr. James Kelly, of Glasgow, Christian forces, and there should be prayer in interesting addresses dealt with the progress through the whole Church throughout the world of the movement and the challenge for the future. for all missionaries in India who are related in Workers from many lands gave encouraging reany way to the deep stirrings of the sixty million ports of progress, though in certain countries of people who may be affected by these movements Europe as well as of Asia they labor against alin their attitude toward Christianity. most insuperable obstacles. As Dr. Kelly ex- pressed it, "In some countries evangelical Prot- ROBERT E. SPEER. estantism is fighting for its life with its back against the wall." THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION A large number of departmental conferences dealing with methods, details of administration, The twelfth quadrennial convention of the and other topics, were held in different churches World's Sunday School Association, held in Oslo, of Oslo, led by specialists in the various branches Norway, July 6-12, was a striking manifestation of activity. Growing out of all these sessions there of the solidarity and influence of this world-em- appeared to be a consensus of opinion that the bracing movement for the spiritual welfare of missionary enterprise had been in the past too childhood and youth. The attendance of 3,000 largely an adult movement and that a vastly more delegates taxed to the utmost the accommodations fruitful field was to be found among the children, of the Norwegian capital. Representatives were present from practically every nation on the globe, the largest delegation-820-being from the United States.

The land of the Vikings presents a particularly happy setting for a world convention of Christians. Ninety per cent of its people are said to be connected with the Evangelical Church. The

who in all parts of the world are keenly alive to opinion on points of teaching and emphasis, the new influences and who are especially looking to cause of division was the question of obedience to the more advanced countries for light and guid- constituted authority. Ballington Booth, the son ance. of the founder of the Army and commander of Officers for the new quadrennium were elected the forces in North America, resigned from the as follows: President: Sir Harold Mackintosh, Army rather than to obey the order transferring Halifax, England; Vice-Presidents: Dr. Charles him to India. A result was a split in the Army Anderson, Capetown, South Africa; Sr. Jose Luis in America, with much bitterness and strife. Effi- F. Braga, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; James Cun- ciency and discipline were endangered. In the ningham, J. P., Glasgow, Scotland; Dr. Bayard midst of this dispute one officer, a major, then Dodge, Beirut, Syria; The Rt. Rev. Dr. Erling later commissioner of the Army, Samuel Brengle, Eidem, Archbishop of Upsala, Sweden; Charles stands out as an exponent of the Spirit of Christ. He was a graduate of DePauw University and of Francis, Montclair, N. J.; Theron Gibson, Toron- Boston University School of Theology and was to, Canada; The Rt. Rev. Johan Lunde, Oslo, devoting his rare talents to the saving of souls Norway; Sir John A. Roxburgh, Glasgow, Scot- and the promotion of spiritual life in the ranks. land; Rev. Dr. Sven O. Sigmond, Brooklyn, N. Y.; In the midst of this crisis Samuel Brengle refused Dr. Tadavki Yamamoto, Tokyo, Japan. to be turned aside from his main purpose and to be involved in fraternal strife. He wrote at this A Convention Edition of the New Testament time: and Psalms was furnished by the National Bible Society of Scotland, a copy being presented to each delegate. A richly bound copy of this Tes- "God is calling us to heart-humbling prayer…. We tament was also presented to the King of Norway. must beware and not let love leak out of our hearts, and The New York Bible Society also presented each bitterness and ill-will creep in. If we do, the devil will delegate with a copy of the Gospel of John in have accomplished his purpose even though our rivals should disband tomorrow. . . . It seems to me that now English and Norwegian. is the time to strike root; to deal with our people to make The next Convention of the Association will be them mighty in God." held in South Africa in 1940. This was decided He launched no diatribes against his rivals-even with- drew to another street when meetings were started obupon in view of the present opportunity for Chris- viously designed to embarrass and draw away his crowds.

tian service in Africa. The month tentatively "I am praying God," he said, "to thwart his efforts to suggested is August and the city is likely to be do us harm, but to bless him if he devotes himself to get- ting souls saved." either Capetown or Johannesberg. HUGH R. MONRO. A woman in the flat over Officer Brengle heard him preach in a Methodist church and asked if she might come down to his family prayers. One morning she was late CHRISTIAN UNION AND DIVISION and listened outside the door. "The Lord poured out the spirit of prayer mightily" on Brengle that morning, and In spite of the standards and ideals set up by the woman was brought to her Saviour's feet. Officer Brengle "trembled for days at the thought of how she Jesus Christ, the Head of the Church, the tend- might have been lost" if his prayer had been unloving or ency among many of His professed followers vindictive as he mentioned the rift in the Army. seems to be to divide rather than to unite. The ideal of the Christian army is not only loyalty to Is there not great danger today, in the Presby- the supreme commander, but unity and coopera- terian and other churches, that Christians will be tion in the campaign to win men to God through hindered in their testimony by being turned aside Christ. The ideal of the Church as the Body is from the one great purpose of the Church to win unity-but not uniformity-under the absolute men to God and to cooperate under the Divine control of Christ, the Head. Yet how far we come, Head in carrying forward His campaign?

as Christians, from reaching this ideal! The Prot- In the past twenty-five years many movements estant Church, with all its education in the Word have sprung up all over the world to reunite the of God, is divided {nto over 200 separate sects, followers of Christ and so to avoid even the aptoo often engaged in rivalry and disputes, rather pearance of strife in the Church, and waste of than in a common campaign against sin and for money and effort that reduces efficiency and hin- the salvation of men to the glory of Christ. ders her testimony to the world.

In view of the most recent division that has As in the Salvation Army forty years ago, the taken place in one of the largest and most influ- chief cause of strife in the Church seems to be ential Christian bodies in North America (The due, not so much to a desire for freedom in fol- Presbyterian Church); it may be helpful to note lowing the leadership of the Holy Spirit, as in a the lessons taught by a similar division in the desire to decide for others in matters of Biblical Salvation Army, forty years ago. Then as now, interpretation, in the fitness of candidates and as while there were doubtless many differences of to who shall exercise authority in the Church.

The desire to rule as dictators to others or to important to note the methods employed in anti- Christian teaching in America. There are those refuse to recognize any human authority seems who pride themselves on their liberalism and broadmindedness who would be called zealots and to be characteristic of some otherwise good men. fanatics if they were extending the knowledge of Christ in the same way that they attack Him. Is not the great question in the Church today, The General Secretary of the International How can we best exalt and glorify Jesus Christ Christian Crusade, Maud Howe, of Toronto, has contributed to The King's Business an article as Lord and Saviour and how can we best fulfill headed by the question: "How Can the New Athe- ism Be Met?" We give a few striking quotations: His desire expressed in His high-priestly prayer: "That they all may be one … that the world may believe … that the love wherewith thou lovest me may be in them, and I in them" (John 17: 21-26) ? D. L. P.

"WHEN YOU BECOME A UNITARIAN" Christian parents, Christian young people, and leaders in evangelical churches too often regard as "alarmists" Presumably every enlightened person would those who warn of the deadly peril of an aggressive contend earnestly for the right of everyone to "under-cover" atheism. We of the International Christian believe as he saw fit, and to express his beliefs Crusade (formerly the Canadian Christian Crusade) would freely. However, freedom of speech should be call attention to the fact that in this day there is a "New governed by high ideals, a thing many preachers Atheism," a world apostasy that embraces far more foland teachers seem to have overlooked. If a man lowers than do merely the communistic groups or the does not believe the Bible it is his right to say visible organizations such as the "4 A's" (American Assoso to those he meets in a general way, but it is ciation for the Advancement of Atheism). This new athenot his right to express his unbelief to students ism already claims a membership of over seventeen million in a conservative Christian school which may, members, placed in sixty-four countries of the world, workthrough some oversight, have engaged him as a ing, as many atheists have told me personally, "night and teacher. day" to bring about world revolution.

So also the preacher or missionary who has The "new atheism" is not the classical free thought of never accepted Christ as His Divine Saviour, or the seventeenth century in any sense of the world; it is a who has afterward abandoned that faith, has no far more subtle and dangerous thing. The new atheism right to proclaim his disloyal views, in his pUlpit invites into its membership every cult and ism under the or elsewhere. Outside its religious aspects, this sun, except the teaching of salvation through the cross of is a matter of fundamental ethical principle, and Calvary. Its elasticity reaches out to Evolution, Humanno man of high personal honor will continue in ism, Pantheism, Iscariotism, Spiritism, and the like. A the pulpit of a church whose faith he denies. Dr. universal religion is more than welcome, as it opens the Samuel M. Lindsay is credited with these search- way to ultimate acceptance of the tenets of the new atheing little paragraphs on this point, under the ism, which is based on human effort to attain human heading, "When You Become a Unitarian": ideals. The new atheists boast that those who deny the Calvary atonement will soon, under the tuition of versed Join the Unitarian Church. Do not try to convert your atheists and radicals, lose any faith they still possess….

church to Unitarianism from a Trinitarian pulpit. What are the methods employed? Members of the new atheist cult visit hospitals, even in some cases help ped- Do not try to convert your pupils into Unitarianism dlers to propagate atheism as they go from door to door. In almost every well-known school and college in the world while teaching in a Trinitarian seminary. there is an theist member; they have atheist workers in Christian organizations; they have atheist members at- Do not try to broadcast Unitarianism while serving as tending churches to offset any appeal from a Christian pulpit. Everyone of these statements can be proved up a Trinitarian missionary. to the hilt.

Men have the right to change their minds regarding the The Second Annual Report of the A. A. A. A. states: "We have representatives in the principal nations of the Deity of Christ, but when they do so they are under the world . . . the 4-A seeks to establish branches in every community … the hOlding of large meetings is not necesobligation to move from one denomination to another. sary. The silent individual propaganda with the use of 4-A literature is the hardest to counteract. . . . When Charles Francis Potter and Addison Moore be- But the attack is not merely upon young people of colcame Unitarians, they founded the Unitarian Church and lege age. Let us remember that years ago there were 1,700 known atheist Sunday schools in Canada and many continued their ministry in Unitarian pulpits. While we more in the United States. Statistics now give as a very conservative number 4,000 atheist Sunday schools in Cancould not approve their theology, we could appreciate their ada. They are of course "under-cover" societies, running in many cases as "social clubs," "camps," and the like. sincerity. R. M. K. A woman and a young Christian man called in the same AN ANCIENT FOE week from different districts in Toronto, to report a new atheist Sunday school begun in each of their separate The propagation of atheism in Russia has been neighborhoods. The young ma~ asked help to win back the subject of a vast number of protests ever two boys of twelve years who had been bribed to leave his since the present order of things there was estab- Sunday Bible class to attend the atheist school near at lished. But we have the same vicious propaganda hand, a group meeting in a private home. nearer home, and not only so, but it is carried on with a zeal that the Church may well regard R.M.K. as offering a serious obstacle to its own advancement in this country. In this connection it is

Heathen Chiefs Come to

Reports from Recent Letters from New Guinea By EMMABELLE D. PIERSON Montclair, N. J.

'RIDING on a west-bound train that was en- lime kiln and show the Papuans how to utilize tering mountainous Colorado, I sat beside the coral reef in building the hospital; to exa young man from the plains of our middle plain the workings of different engines, or to states. "I couldn't be happy living among mountains," install electricity; to equip a kindergarten, or to assist in nursing, or to do the work of an absent he volunteered. "They shut off my view." teacher. The mission is vibrant with consecrated "Oh, but think of the surprises that lie the young life, and carries on in the spirit and faith of the founder. The boat-building, printing, other side of the mountain," I said. "Mountains weaving, studying, nursing, houseworking, garare so challenging." dening, all go forward in an atmosphere of song. It is a place difficult to leave. "No," he said, "I like to see my work all laid out before me, and then tackle it. With a broad horizon I have plenty of time to consider and pre- pare for the 'what next' coming toward me." The Papuan Government is highly paternal, It was not an unnatural and the Governor gladly ac- step from that beginning to a knowledges the help Kwato few anecdotes of youthful pio- missionaries have given when neer missionaries who revel in he has wished to parole young scaling mountains of difficul- murderers instead of throw- ties in a great cause, -inspired ing them into jail. Two lads by the thought of what lies from an inland tribe, who had beyond. murdered their grandmother, were sent to the mission sta- ** * * The challenge of the unex- tion at Duabo. Their fright plored mountainous country was pitiable, for they thought of New Guinea, where air- their last hour had come when plane scouts frequently report they saw a g rea t kettle the discovery of new tribes, brought out in preparation for gripped the group of young the school dinner. Two years missionaries who live in Kwa- later they were returned to to, Papua, in the southeastern GADO, DANIEL, BIRUMA, their mountain home, happy end of the huge island. For a a native a Kwato a Dorevaidl Christians-the only members Christian generation Charles Abel and Guide Chief of their tribe with a knowl- his wife trained converted Papuans to work edge of Christ as Saviour. Whenever the Govern- among their own people; as a result, twenty-four ment is at its wit's end to know what to do with stations, manned by self-supporting Christian wife-stealers, murderers and other persistent iIl- Papuans, are now flaming torches around Milne doers, young Kwato Christians, brown and white, Bay and the China Straits of New Guinea. Two offer the best solution of the problem.

sons and two daughters came into the work thor- In the mountains of Papua, back in the interior, oughly equipped, and within the last six years to the west of the mission, live the Dorevaidis and after Mr. Abel's death in 1930, eight other young the Keveres, murderers all because of a tribal cus- people have thrown in their lot as teachers, nurse, tom which requires every young man to win his doctor, accountant, architect, business manager spurs by murdering some one. Then he can wear and engineer; but first of all they are evan- a white cock's feather in his bushy hair. The gelists, out to win these people to their Lord. more his murders the smarter his headdress, and In a most remarkable way casual visitors have the greater the young man's prestige among mar- changed their plans and have stayed on a month, riageable young women. The Government has a season, or even a year with them to build a tried to root out this custom, but both kindness [393 ]

and severity have failed. The prisons are usually meeting in the evening, and several of our group full of the murderers. At last the challenge came of Christian Papuans gave their testimonies. to the Kwato mission group just when they were Gado, a new inquirer, seemed to impress them considering plans to open up a new field. An ear- most of all. They listened in rapt silence until nest mature Papuan Christian and his wife volun- the speaker had finished; then they discussed teered, and the mission sent out Davida and what they had heard among themselves in low but Eauvenibo, his wife, with prayer and joy to settle emphatic undertones. We had to wait until they in Duram, on the Duram River, five miles inland, had said all they wanted to say, and then conwhere the trail from the mountains comes through tinue. The singing they seemed to enjoy, but to the sea. For a year these faithful witnesses could not understand. In every place we had to worked, influencing those near at hand, and con- tell them that it was not necessary for them to tacting the Dorevaidis and other tribes from the close their eyes while we were singing. Some mountains. women would forget, and then there would be a scolding and a slapping, or a man would pick up Davida is a cheery soul, so warm-hearted and a handful of pebbles and throw them at the bowed understanding that he makes friends quickly. heads of the women! Poor souls, they seemed Rumors of the new teaching and of his way of desperately anxious to do the right thing. Mothliving drifted back into the mountains and a ers and fathers put their hands on the eyes of Dorevaidi chief sent word asking him to come up. little children lest they should peep while the mis- The chief was interested, but still a bit doubtful sionary was 'making prayers,' as they put it." about the Message, so he said: "My wife and I will come down and stay awhile with you in your Chief Bidau gave a testimony: "Look at all home and see how the new way works out in your these young men! (indicating the Papuans of our team). They are my own age, and are doing life." God's work. What am I doing? Still following They came to Duram and must have been satis- the way of death?"

fied, for soon an invitation came for Davida to That same day he prayed his first public prayer. climb the mountain and meet the tribe in assem- He said how he was still ignorant of God's way of bly. A rare letter from Davida describes this first life but was glad that he had been allowed to come encounter. Men, women and children sat before along with us, for he was already beginning to see him so caked in dirt that the evangelist felt he the Way, and asked that as he went along his eyes could not give them the pure words of God. He might be opened, and that he might find life. put the matter before them, and then, with his disarming smile, marched all the children to the In the Dorevaidi villages, Mun, the ex-murderer, river where he scrubbed them well with sand and and Alice,.a Papuan girl of the group, gave telling grass. When they returned with shining faces, messages. Mun could speak on the subject of the men fell in line, laughing, and proceeded to their terrible customs, and Alice appealed to the remove some of their dirt. Then Davida gave his women "to help their men instead of degrading message to an outwardly clean and eager group, them." Cecil Abel writes that the "women's eyes and used the little episode to illustrate his talk. never left her face, and the men nodded approv- Ceeil Abel says that no one but Davida could have ingly as she spoke of the awful carnage resulting carried out such a program as a joke and not an from women inciting men to kill, and of the years insult. Chief Biruma was dead in earnest, and the their men had to spend in jail because of this hornext few months saw four ex-murderers petition- rible custom. Her final appeal was to cut it out ing Davida to forward an invitation to his Kwato because of God's law, 'Thou shalt not kill.' " friends to visit their mountain villages. As the Papuan team went on their way, chief For two years the Kwato "Power House" had after chief joined their party and went to the next echoed with prayers for these people, and now at place with them until they had acquired six. As last the time seemed ripe for a team to set out. the team set sail in the Lantic all six announced A Gospel group of six Papuans and Cecil Abel that they would go with them to Kwato and learn took the mission boat, the Lantic, and sailed miles more of the new life! around the coast and then six miles up the Duram River. There they were joined by Davida and So it came to pass that in the afternoon of the four mountain men whom he had interested in the day before Christmas, 1935, just as the Kwato true God-Chief Biruma, Chief Bidau, Mun (a Christmas festival was getting underway, the triple ex-murderer) ,and Gado. All were just Lantic was sighted, bringing the evangelists' and ready to learn more and to take further steps in their new seekers after God. Suddenly a bloodgiving their testimony. curdling war cry from the six chiefs came over the water!-rather a grim joke for people only A picture of one meeting will help us to realize one generation removed from cannibalism. some of the obstacles to be overcome. "At the peoples' request," writes Cecil Abel, "we had a As I read the description of Christmas at Kwato, the early morning carols, the communion

SIX HEATHEN CHIEFS COME TO KWATO

THE TOUGHEST CROWD WE MET-IN THE VILLAGE OF KEVER!

service, the simple feast, the representati.ons of very good; but we have good food at Dorevaidi the Manger Scene, and of the worshipping kings too. We have not come f.or that. Your schools of the East, I tried to see it all through the eyes and shops are very good. We would like to learn of those chiefs. Their contribution to the Christ- too; but we have not come for that. We have mas party was a repetition of their war cry, and only come for one thing-to learn about G.od. its horrible echoes had hardly died away when the Now our hearts are burning to go back and tell strains of the beautiful Christian anthem, "Send our friends all we have learned.' out thy light," sung by the Kwato children, fell on their ears. The contrast was thrilling. "You would not recognize these six chiefs as the same men who came to Kwato at Christmas For three months the visitors stayed at the mis- time," Russell Abel continues. "They are so sion station, hearing God's word and seeing the changed in appearance. They are going ahead Christ-life in action in most amazing ways. Rus- splendidly. An invitation came from the Chrissell Abel writes: tians at Sariba, asking them to spend the week- "Chief Biruma, one of the Dorevaidi converts, end with them there. * It was a fine opportunity gave a marvellous testimony in the morning service. He felt the Lord speaking to him, telling him for them to experience purely village, and not to testify, and at first would not .obey. Then the mission hospitality. It was also a great chance Lord told him that he would not grow any more for them to see village Christianity where it was until he obeyed, so he got up and spoke. There touching elbows with heathenism, and not only was quite an awe over the audience while he was Kwato Christianity at our mission head station. talking. One thought of all our prayers for that So they went to Sariba. We took them over on work and here was the fruit. Two missionaries Friday and they came back on Monday afternoon, who understood Motu were at Kwato at the time simply bubbling over with the marvellous time from another society. They were very much im- they had had. Chief Biruma went into lengthy pressed, and told us afterward what Biruma had descriptions, shaking his head and making exclabeen saying. He told how the Government had mations of wonder. I could not understand a been trying to make friends with the Dorevaidi word of it, until finally I got an interpreter. and Kevere people, inviting them to feasts at Biruma told him how wonderful it was wherever Abau, but they had gone back to their murderous they went to meet friends-friends for Christ's ways. 'Then the Government put us in jail, four sake. He could not get over it. years, five years, six…. We did not mind. Government rice and biscuits are very good.' They "The Chiefs were taken for a tour of the vilhad come back home still unchanged. 'At last,' lages, each village taking charge of them and said Biruma, 'God's children came out of love for showing them the next bit. There was a wonderus and brought us the real light that has changed ful feast in their honor, and a huge meeting on us right round inside…. Your food at Kwato is Sunday at which they were thrilled. There was • Sarlba Is a large island about ten mnes trom Kwato. It now has several l!ttle Christian communities with schools and churches min- Istered to by Christian Papuans.

not room in the church building to accommodate Sibodu and Labu, set off for the interior, stopping the crowd. Judging by the description, the serv- en route at villages, holding meetings, praying ice must have lasted hours. The chiefs all spoke, with the sick and dying, and working individually and many of the people spoke too. The Dore- with the people till nightfall-God working with vaidis used their own language which Sibodu, the them confirming their message by signal answers Chief of Kuroudi, interpreted into Motu which to prayer. most of the Sariba men understand. Then Viki, another Sariba man, translated it into local dia~ Davida writes, and Russell Abel translates: lect. They had a grand time, with no end of an "Sibodu and Labu reached Kuroudi, their home uplift. Finally, and I think this is most interest~ village, and had a meeting with the people. They ing, the Dorevaidis said that they never wanted told them all the news and testified to what they to lose touch with the Christians of Sariba. They had learned at Kwato. The meeting lasted till asked the church leaders to write regular reports midday, when the people scattered to get food for of their work and send it to them, so that they a feast the following day, to which they invited could pray for them regularly. They said that their neighbors from Nebulu village. The feast while they themselves could not read or write, was in honor of Chiefs Sibodu and Labu, and gave they would send their news to Duram to Davida, them an opportunity to speak to all the people. and ask him to write back to Sariba for them. The words were well received, and unanimously Fancy the Christians of Sariba being helped by the people decided to build a new village in which the prayers of erstwhile murderers! If one uses both Kuroudi and Nebulu will combine. They will one's imagination a bit, it is very thrilling. There break up their old villages and rebuild on the main is real romance in it." trail, with a school for the children and a play- ground. Shortly before Easter the chiefs left Kwato for their mountain villages, and the first report of "While Sibodu was at Kwato he was impressed with the belief, during his quiet time, that when DAVIDA, SE'ATIDD AT THE RIGHT, TAKES A he got home he would pray for a sick woman and CENSUS OF DOREVAIDI CHILDREN she would be healed. When he returned to Ku- roudi he asked his wife, 'Is there a sick woman The Chief, Ofekule, Seated in Front. Tobernome, here?' 'Yes,' she said, 'so-and-so is ill with a Next to Him Wears a Big "Pigtail" swollen leg, and her entire body pains. She can't even come out of her house.' It happened this them from Davida, the Papuan missionary at way: She was in a rage with a child and had Duram, has come through. After spending four been thrashing the child, and chasing it with a fruitful days with Davida and his wife, holding stick. The child ran into the thick scrub, and meetings with the people, two of the chiefs, when the woman followed into the bush her pain began."

"Sibodu said, 'I will not hasten to see her. I will pray about it first.' For two days he made it a matter of prayer; then he went to see her. He said to the sick woman, 'I will not pray to God to heal you yet. I will talk to you first.' Then he explained to her what was her great sin in God's eyes. 'This child,' he said, 'that you were beating and chasing is a creation of God's hand. He has sent you this sickness to make you realize. When the missionaries came here they wrote down the names of all the children on a paper. At Kwato they are praying for our children, but you are abusing them.' He taught the woman new respect for children, and her eyes were opened and she understood that God had something to teach her through her sickness. Then Sibodu prayed for her, and she was healed. Her swollen leg burst and pus drained away quickly and she felt better and was able to walk about. She said, 'Truly the power of the missionaries is great.' Sibodu too marveled on account of this power.

"When I heard of this I sent for Sibodu' and warned him to be careful and show the people that

SIX HEATHEN CHIEFS COME TO ICWATO

he had no power, nor have the missionaries, but their sacred day. Again the white man was angry only God is powerful. Sibodu told the woman and said, "Where did you learn this fashion? that God had healed her by His power in answer You are bushmen!" to prayer, and that we must know and obey Him." Finally he picked up some Morima* boys who Labu and Ofekule, another chief, had an expe- had gone to Abau to work for Dimdims. They rience with a Dimdim (white man) who was were old Methodist mission boys. On their way prospecting for gold. He wanted carriers and they came upon a large wild pig and the white visited all the villages looking for "boys." But it man, who had a big dog, set him onto it. Both dog was Sunday and the villages were empty, for all and pig disappeared. They waited so long that the people had gone to Dorevaidi to worship, and finally the "Dimdim" sent one of the boys to look only feeble old men were left. He asked them, for the dog and pig. He too did not reappear. "Where are all the people?" and they answered, The white man sent the other boys to search for "They have all gone to Dorevaidi to the Mission- him while he himself went on along with his cook ary chiefs to pray." So he went to Dorevaidi and boy to Kauru. harangued the people, saying, "What are you doing? Who taught you this idea?" They ans,wered, They searched for the lost boy two days. Then Chief Sibodu, from Kuroudi, met them on the DAVIDA GIVING HIS TESTIM:ONY AT KUROUDI-A HEATHEN VILLAGE "This is our holy day, and we have all met to- main road and asked what was the matter. They gether to worship God. The missionaries taught said, "Our master must be ill-deserving, for first us and God taught us." The white man was angry his dog and then his boy has been lost." Sibodu and told them they were deceived, and it was all said, "What people are you ?" They said, "Weare untrue. "You don't belong to any mission," he Morima." "Do you know God?" "Yes, we used said, "you are only bushmen." Then he told Labu to live with missionaries." and Ofekule that he was not going to listen to them, but insisted on getting the carriers he They all sat down together while Sibodu prayed wanted. But they answered, "We are chiefs here, with them, and prayed specially for the missing no one will move without our consent." He was boy. While they were praying this boy appeared very angry and called them liars and said they from the bush. He told them he had been dizzy were mad. They said, "So be it; we are mad. Go in the head for two days and had not been able to your way, and one day God will give you some find his way. At last he had remembered to pray, sign and speak to you as He has spoken to us." and after prayer his head had cleared and he had The Dimdim set off without a single carrier. found his way quite easily. Sibodu asked him if he When he reached Kuroudi the same thing hap- knew about God. "Yes," he said, "I have known pened again. Chief Sibodu told him that it was a long time." "You have known about Him a long • Marima is on Ferguson Island in the Archipelago, northeast of Kwato.

time, but have you really got His salvation in your old things ar~ false to me. There is only one real heart?" power, and that is God's. I tell you, throw those things away today; they can only bring you Sibodu led the eleven of them to Kauru and death." back to their master. When they met him they said to him, "It was your fault that this boy went Sibodu took the charms in his hands and prayed astray. The Kuroudi missionary met us and over them and said, "These are now powerless. through his prayers all is well and we are arrived God's power is greater." here. In future respect God's day, for we too are the children of missions. We have seen God's F1inally Naula said, "Take these things away. hand in this." I have already repented." Sibodu told him all that the New Way the missionaries had brought The Dimdim answered not a word but called would mean in his village, and Naula confessed Sibodu and offered him rice and two sticks of to- his sins. bacco, which Sibodu declined, saying he did not smoke. So the white man took it back, and asked Chief Biruma worked in Amau, Domara and him where he was going. "To Duram, to my mas- Eava. Then he became ill. In his illness he was ter, the missionary there." He said, "What mis- very down-hearted and said, "I have not even sion ?" Sibodu replied, "Kwato Mission." begun my work in Dou and sickness has got me. I have lain in a house for a week and done noth- Let us pray earnestly for Sibodu. He doesn't ing." He was weary of this and said, "How is this? Does God test me? Why is this sickness?" BE'LEI, A CHEERFUL CHIEF OF AMAU Weak as he was, he cloaked himself in a nogi and He accepted the Gospel and gave his life, his set off to Amao. He gathered the people together but felt too ill to talk to them. Just then Chief village and all his people to God. Ofekule arrived on his way to Dorevaidi. Biruma was much encouraged and said, "Ofekule, it is fear his old friends and just now is on a tour of well you have come to do my work for me. I am villages. His great longing is to learn to read. He too sick. I have gathered the people. You do the has had some lessons and some teaching about work here." how to work. He tried to win Naula, the chief at Makaia, for God. Naula showed all his magic The following day Biruma went to Domara. things to which he pinned his faith. Sibodu said, Here he stayed eleven days teaching the people. "My friend, what are these things?" He an- He taught them to pray and to have their quiet swered, "What I use to kill people." times of prayer in the morning. He won a man called Du'ubo, whom he brought to Duram later. "Are they dead things or living things?" This man is a case of real out-and-out conver- "They are living things." sion. He has given himself entirely to God, and "My friend, in God's eyes those are the things is a challenge to us all at Duram because he of death; don't say they are things of life. Give is so whole-hearted. He has won his wife, and yourself to Christ. He is the true Way of Life. she publicly cut off her heathen signs and de- Those things there I too used to believe in very stroyed her magic charms. Du'ubo longs to visit much. Then I went to Kwato and found life and Kwato and learn more. God's power, and I saw His wisdom, so now those The Chief of Domara needs prayer. His name is Bobogoni. He is not yet converted, but Biruma brought him to Duram and he is staying a few days in our home.

Here in God's new garden the harvest is ripe; where are the reapers to cut and gather it?

Greetings: I am Davida of Duram.

**** In response to this S. O. S., Russell Abel has set- tled the first contingent of Kwato-trained Papuan leaders in the Dorevaidi mountains, to strengthen the work so zealously begun by the six chiefs.

This is not an ended tale. The story of the six seeking and witnessing chiefs told in England this summer by young missionaries now on furlough from Kwato, has been the means of turning six British lives to God. Undoubtedly more surprises await behind the mountains to the west of Kwato.

of German

Naziism, Anti-Semitism and Foreign Missions By CONRAD HOFFMANN, Jr., New York Director of Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews "B LUT und Boden," the Nazi slogan fre- the paper has recently been purchased by the quently heard, has dread significance for "Propaganda Ministerium," and we are told that many thousands in Germany today. It a large sum was paid to Streicher; but if the first implies purification of Germany from all traces few issues under the government management are of Jewishness or Jewish contamination. The any index of future policy, we are forced to con- Nazis, who do not necessarily represent all Ger- clude that the Sturmer will continue in much the mans, are determined to eliminate everything same vulgar fashion as heretofore, unworthy of Jewish from the "Dritte Reich." If consistent what one knows as German Ritterlichkeit. It does they will not stop at elimination of J ewishness not improve matters that in view of the Olympic from their physical life – race, commerce, civil Games' visitors this summer, many of the service, etc.-but will proceed to eliminate Jew- Stiirmerboards in the large cities have been re- ishness from their cultural, ideological, and spir- moved or are being used for other purposes.

itual life as well. In Berlin-Zehlendorf-West* a statue or monu- They fully recognize that Christianity is a dom- ment was recently unveiled in the presence of the inant factor in the field of ideology, and because local mayor and other municipal authorities. It Christianity is "Bluts-verwandt" with Judaism, is dedicated to Theodore Fritsch (1853-1933), a they have decided that Christianity also must be pioneer agitator of anti-Jewish sentiment and eliminated. Accordingly the fight against Jewish- represents a crocodile-like monster with a mali- ness and Judaism includes the fight against Chris- ciously exaggerated Jewish head. Sitting strident tianity, which in its origins and content is so on this monster is a man with uplifted sledge largely Jewish and Judaic. hammer in the act of crushing in the skull of the The racial purity ideal of Adolf Hitler demands monster. The pedestal carries the following in- that Jewish blood be eliminated from German scriptions which are extracts from addresses or blood, or at least must be made innocuous by a writings of Theodore Fritsch: sufficient infiltration of virile German blood. 1. No improvement of race without disappearance of Hence only the third generation from a mixed Jewry. marriage is acceptable to the Nazis. For the 2. The Jewish question is fundamentally a struggle be- Nazis, J ewishness is a scourge or plague like cancer, which must be exterminated at all costs tween the honorable and the dishonorable. and without mercy. 3. If it is proven that the lower race (meaning the Jews) deteriorates the higher (German), then the higher must display sufficient pride in its purity as well as Nor can Hitler escape responsibility for the will power and determination to keep the lower from brutal anti-Jewish madness which has' swept its life.

through large circles of Germans. Some would One hears stories from reputable people which seem incredible and the inventions of the devil. excuse Hitler, but he is the one who set things on One such is that of a schoolmaster compelling an unfortunate Jewish or non-Aryan child in his fire, a fire which apparently has got utterly out class to read aloud to the class some of the obscene anti-Jewish fomentations of the Sturmer. All of control. With all his autocratic power, for ex- one can say if such is true is that it is devilishly horrible. ample, Herr Hitler could easily have put an end That this anti-Jewish campaign does not stop long since to the vile, vulgar, and pornographic short of becoming anti-Christian as well is evi- denced in many ways. There are some who mainanti-Semitic Sturmer, edited until recently by tain that Jesus and all disciples but Judas were non-Jews, and that Judas, who betrayed Jesus, Julius Streicher. Instead, not only has the paper • AlleeI,n Cahatrmiabnegrlualianr,anladndWscianpteedrfepldlatc-setrbaossuennd.ed by Theodore Fritsch been permitted to continue publication, but also the posting of each issue of the Sturmer on special bulletin boards throughout the country has per- sisted. On these bulletin boards all the pages of the paper are displayed to serve as virulent poisoning of the minds of adults as well as of I. nnOCen t an d suscept 'b le ch1'ldreno It'IS t rue that 1 [399 ]

only did what the typical Jew would do. Others age. The issuance of the first number of their would debar all consideration of the Bible in- magazine was the occasion for a house investiga- cluding the New Testament because it is all tion by the police and Gestapo. April 28 and 29, Jewish. Some weeks before Easter, Professor their chairman attended the meeting of the Inter- Hauer, of the German Faith Movement, spoke in national Committee on the Christian Approach to Hamburg at a big mass meeting in a public hall, the Jews in The Netherlands. During' the first with permission of the local authorities, on the week in May the Society was ordered to liquidate!

question, "Can a German Be a Christian?" His These are signs of the times. In the face of answer was in the negative. Among other things them it is obvious that the whole foreign mission- he declared that ever since Christianity was in- ary enterprise of the German churches is bound troduced into Germany, one thousand or more to be seriously handicapped if not in actual danger years ago, it has done harm to the soul and fibre of liquidation. One must admire the many Ger- of the German people; moreover that religion man missionary friends for their continued faith, must be racial, each race having its own religion, hope, effort, and courage. There are forces at and that a German who is Christian in faith is no work which threaten to crush out their very exist- longer German but a bastard. All of these re- ence. To combat these forces is at the risk of marks were loudly applauded by the vast audience. liberty, if not of life.

When leaders of the Confessional Church move- Foreign Mission Difficulties ment applied for permission to hold a counter- meeting in the same hall, it was refused. They Among the major difficulties resulting for the then organized a church meeting in protest, using German foreign missionary enterprise, the folthe same topic but answering it in the affirmative. lowing merit mention. They are taken from an So many turned out that it was necessary to hold article by Professor Julius Richter in the October, two overflow meetings – evidence of the feelings 1935, issue of the Neue Allgemeine Missionsand convictions of many Germans. Zeitschrift. The title of the article is "Die Kri- tische Lage der Deutschen Evangelischen Mis- It is well to voice the caution that one should si.onen." never generalize when talking or writing about Germany, or for that matter about any country 1. Financial: First because no public appeals or people. Not all Germans are anti-Jewish or or collections for funds can be made. Second, anti-Semitic, nor are all Germans necessarily anti- owing to the foreign exchange regulations of the Christian. Moreover, whereas most Germans to- German Government, the thirty societies federday probably regard Hitler as their only hope, ated in the German Evangelical Missionary Althat does not mean that they agree with all his liance, and responsible for one thousand missionaims or policies. aries (not counting the wives), are permitted only 172,500 marks per month for foreign transmis- But having said that, one must add that there sion. That equals 172 marks ($43.00) per misare powerful forces at work in Germany today sionary family per month. This means roughly which, if not checked, will undoubtedly make·Ger- but 2,000,000 marks per year can be forwarded many anti-Jewish and anti-Christian and force all from Germany to the foreign mission stations Germans to become subservient to the extreme maintained by the German societies. In 1933, totalitarian concepts of Hitler. These violate hu- however, before the exchange regulations were man liberty and rights as well as annihilate all enforced, the actual remittances and expenditures freedom of conscience. It is here where the men- were 11,000,000 marks. ace lies. This menace, like the sword of Damocles, swings with scientific precision ever lower and An analysis of present income prospects reveal lower, lopping off all possibilities of a livelihood the following: in Germany for increasing numbers of Jews and non-Aryans. Ultimately, if unchecked, it will Assured from Germany ………….. marks 2,000,000 reach the heart of the Christian faith as well. In prospect from friends in Switzer:and, 1,400,000 Already religious publications, such as Y. M. Holland, Alsatia, etc. ………….. Government appropriations for schools C. A. monthly magazines and even the Missions- and hospitals and contributions from 3,000,000 Zeitschrift ("Missionary Review") of Professor native Christians ………………

Julius Richter, are classed as political publica- A total income of 6,400,000 marks is available tions. They are therefore subject to the rigid to meet expenditures of 11,000,000 per annum.

censorship of the Gestapo. Some time ago the The German Exchange Bureau allows merely for German Jewish Missionary Society of Berlin was the existence minimum for German missionaries reorganized in an attempt on the part of its mem- but nothing for the 10,951 native workers and bers to manifest Christian love and neighborliness nothing for maintenance or upkeep of the mis- to the unfortunate Jewish and Christian non- sion stations.

Aryan friends. One can only admire their cour- 2. All stations are undermanned. From 1914

DIFFICULTIES OF GERMAN CHRISTIANS

to 1925 no new young missionaries were sent out. The greater the difficulties and the opposition, the Hence missionaries on the field are largely old veterans, many of them near seventy years of age. greater the resistance. Today there are fifteen German Protestant mis- "For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor sion stations in South Africa, six in China, and five in East Africa entirely unoccupied. Whereas life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, the Gossner Mission had thirty main stations with nor things present, nor things to come, nor forty-three ordained missionaries in 1914, today height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall it has but four stations with only seven ordained missionaries. The other societies without excep- be able to separate us from the love of God, which tion report similar reductions. is in Christ Jesus our Lord." Romans 8: 38, 39.

3. The lack of unity and federation among the Let us thank God for the marvelous stamina German missionary societies in the face of these and faith of so many Germans. It is truly a mirsituations is disastrous, even if in some cases at least excusable. Origins, traditions, all these can- acle that so many Germans have stood so loyally not be suddenly pushed aside for the sake of unity by even in the face of unpopularity if not actual without serious consequences. danger of persecution and imprisonment. We who are Christians outside of Germany should appre- 4. Finally, there are the great difficulties in the home field arising out of the present currents ciate more our freedom; we need to pray for our in German life, to some of which reference has German colleagues as they fight for the faith. already been made. These hamper the Christian Church and missions. There is much propaganda During the summer a lull is anticipated, due to against Christianity as we have seen, in spite of the plea of Hitler for "positive Christianity." new developments in international affairs, and the Books like "Salvation from Christ," by Mrs. M. presence of many Olympic Games' visitors. But Ludendorff, and Alfred Miller's "Deterioration of most people with inside information agree that Race Under the Cross," help to undermine Christian faith. Men like Wilhelm Hauer, Graf Revent- a renewed tightening of the reins will come in the low, Ernst Bergmann, exercise unusual influence autumn. Should such actually occur, the Jews in many circles. Former Bishop MUller's "Deutsche Worte," while utterly discounted in and non-Aryans will probably suffer first and Confessional Church circles, is nonetheless read increasing difficulties will follow for the Church by many, and notably by youth. The difficulties and its auxiliary foreign missionary enterprise. put in the way of Christian youth organizations, and the increasing pressure brought to bear to More trials and tribulations are thus likely to force all German youth into the Hitler Youth come. But in the end the Christian faith will Movements, do not serve to promote Christian faith or interest in Christian missions. triumph. Indeed, may it not emerge purified as gold by fire, freed from all hampering dross and And unfortunately, at this critical time when positive Christendom should present a united so able to go forward with new courage, new confront, there are increasing divisions within the viction, and with new dynamic power to help ranks of the Confessional Church circles. build the Kingdom of God among men in Ger- Anxiety is felt. Fear exists, but not despair. many as well as throughout the world. * * "There were twenty-four large evangelical missionary conferencGs held in Germany in the year 1935. The missionary forces supported on the foreign field by these societies number 1,571, whereas German Catholic missionary societies support abroad 3,673. As there are twice as many Protestants as Catholics in Germany. the Catholics are four times more numerous on the mission field than Protestants. Against 515 ordained Evangelical missionaries the Catbolics have 999 missionary priests. In contrast to the 851 feminine Evangelical workers on the missionary field the Catholics have 2,002 Catholic sisters. There are 205 Evangelical nonordained workers as contrasted with 672 Catholics. The German Evangelical societies are respon- sible for 61 mission fields whereas the German Catholic societies have 50. The total number of Evangelical native Christians is 1,176,381, with an additional 64,553 to be baptized. The Catholic native Chris- tians In the missionary field number 742,716 with 126.144 to be baptized." Data taken from Die Deutsche Evangelische Heiaenmis- sion. Der Vereinigten Deutschen Missionskonferenzen. 1936.

LEADERSHIP MUST FEED ON DIFFICULTIES The leaders in momentous days like these must be able to feed on difficulties. Probably never has there been a time in the history of the expansion of the Christian religion when the leaders of the home base, in fact in every country, were confronted with such a consentration of unsolved problems and impossible difficulties. We have all too many among them who have become expert in seeing lions in the path, men who have become habituated to taking counsel with their fears. Great is the need of more men and women in positions of leadership who; while not failing to see with clear and steady gaze all the adverse or opposing facts and factors, are even more determined to take counsel with their faith. In reality is not this one of the chief functions of a leader? The true leader is at his best under most baffling circumstances. The board secretaries and board members to whom the churches are most indebted are not those associated with so-called strategic retreats but with steady, triumphant progress under conditions where the majority insisted that the advance was impossible.- John R. Mott.

Bethel Bands in

Experiences of Chinese Evangelists in Manchuria and in the Provinces By REV. ANDREW GIl:I, Shanghai A Chinese Evangelist of the Bethel Mission I N 1931 the official members of the Bethel Mis- North Manchuria near the border of Siberia, with sion Band were praying for the Holy Spirit's a total membership of about twenty-five, including guidance as to a particular field to which we preacher and elders. It would take three nights should go with the Gospel. We were impressed and two days on the train to reach that place, and with a verse about Jesus being led by the Spirit it did not seem very wise to spend so much time, into the wilderness. We remembered that Man- money and energy for our team of five people to churia was in many respects like a wilderness- go to preach to twenty-five. We wanted to divide not densely populated-so we . our party by sending one of our took it to be the place where we Band to this small church and should go to conduct an evan- The Bethel Mis s ion 0 f the others to some big city. gelistic campaign. The tem- Shanghai was established But as we prayed we felt imperature in winter was fifty or some years ago through the pressed that we should keep tosixty degrees below zero, so we min is try of Miss Jennie gether, even though we could prepared for the cold weather Hughes, formerly an Ameri~ not understand why the Lord and started out the last of Au- can Methodist missionary, wanted us to go together to gust. and Dr. Mary Stone, the first such a small church. When we Chinese woman to receive her When we arrived at our first medical degree in America. arrived at the place where we stopping place we found a con- This mission has now grown should make connections with ference of Christian leaders to large proportions and ex~ a train going to our destination gathered there for s p e cia I erts a nation~wide influence. we learned that Mukden had meetings. It was a wonderful been captured by the Japanese. opportunity, for if all of these It includes a large church, While we were waiting for the hospital, schools, theological leaders could be filled with the seminary and evangelistic train the Lord spoke to me, tell- Holy Spirit and be set on fire bands that go all over China, ing me to go to find some for the Lord Jesus Christ there working in cooperation with church near by. My co-worker, might be a wonderful revival missionaries and Chi n es e Mr. Frank Lin, and I walked in the whole of Manchuria. Christians of many denomi~ over to the town and found a nations. It is a "faith mis~ But the Lord led us another sion," believing in the full small church. The preacher way. The door was suddenly Gospel, depending on prayer was away but his wife asked us shut and we decided to turn and the Holy Spirit, and to wait until her husband got our steps to the City of Muk- trusting God for the supply home. We replied that we did den. There was a large Chris- of every need. Mr.. Andrew not have time because we were tian church there but our sud- Gih is now in America hold~ waiting for the train. Fortu- den arrival gave little time for ing evangelistic meetings. nately the preacher returned preparation. The elders and soon and very kindly said he leaders got busy in the morn- would accompany us to the rail- ing, riding on bicycles to make these meetings way station. There we found two members of the known. The first night about three hundred peo- Band sitting beside our luggage, surrounded by pIe came, and night after night the meetings grew policemen, but one member of the Band-the until the large church was packed with eager lis- youngest-=-was missing. An officer had suspected teners. People had to sit on the window sills and this group of young people and had taken this to stand outside the doors. The meetings closed young man for cross-examination. They could not on September 18th with over one thousand people understand why, in the time of war, this group of professing salvation and rejoicing in the Lord. young people had come with no other motive than We prayed again that the Lord would lead us to preach the Gospel. We had not been invited by to other places. There was a small church in any church or promised our expenses, so the Chi- [402 ] nese authorities thought that we must be Commu- And yet they had not bothered us nor questioned nists. The young boy was frightened; he had us, but had let us in.

been told by the police that if he could produce During the Manchurian war great numbers of some one from the city to guarantee that we were people were killed and there was much confusion evangelists they would let him go, otherwise the and turmoil. People were fleeing here and there!

whole Band would be taken to prison. I whis- yet for more than three months the Lord guided pered to the local preacher, "Now this is some- us, protected us and delivered us from all dangers.

thing you can do for us." So he went with me and When we were ready to go back to Shanghai, we told the officers his name and his church. When did not have enough money for our passage, s.o asked by the police if we were really the Bethel we prayed that as the Lord had given us souls, Band Evangelists here to preach the Gospel, he re- now He would provide passage back to Shanghai.

plied, "Oh, yes." We did not want to burden the Manchurian Chris- "Do you know them?" tians, so we prayed that the Lord would, in some "Yes, I know them." way, send us the money. The owner of a steam- "Are you willing to guarantee them ?" ship company was converted in our meeting and "Yes," he said, and took his pen and signed his was s.o happy that he gave us first-class tickets on name. Two minutes later we were free. one of the steamers sailing for Shanghai. The Now when we arrived at the town where we Lord is faithful. For His glory about five thou- were to hold meetings the rumors of war were sand people were saved during that period, during everywhere. The Japanese airplanes came flying the time of war and trouble. God delivered us in the air and the people there were much fright- from all dangers. He is still on the throne and ened. They wanted to flee somewhere for refuge proved His faithfulness.

so we could not go on with the meetings. We had Dear Christian, if we walk after the Spirit and to flee with them to another city. The war was are spiritually-minded we will know the will of so bad that communications were cut off. The God. We ought to be like the handmaiden of money we had was spent and we leaned hard on whom the Psalmist speaks, whose eye is always the Lord for needed guidance. We wanted to go watching the hand of her mistress so as to catch to another city but didn't have any way of inform- any indication of her will.

ing the people there because the telegraph and In the Gospel of John we learn in the third chap- telephone offices were guarded by the Japanese ter that the Holy Spirit gives life to the soul. In and the Chinese were not allowed to send mes- the fourth chapter we learn that the Holy Spirit sages.. We had to go on by faith trusting God to becomes a fountain within the soul, keeping the protect and to lead us. When we arrived in the Life renewed. In the seventh chapter we learn evening we hired a horse and cart to take us into the Holy Spirit becomes "rivers of living water,"

the city. We found the church and the residence bringing this Life to others.

of the pastor, but the doors were shut. We The Holy Spirit, when I was yet a sinner, dead knocked but the pastor could not believe when we in trespasses and sins, came to quicken my soul told him that we were the "Bethel Band." and to give me life, so that I was born again.

"Where do you come from ?" He also works in me as an abiding fountain "Weare from North Manchuria." springing up unto everlasting life. This is a won- "How did you come?" derful experience. But He promises to do an even "By train." greater work through me by causing me to over- "How did you get into the city?" flow in blessing to others. There is no reason why "By horse and cart." we Christians cannot testify to others and bring At last he opened the door and said, "Now are souls to God. Jesus Christ gives us these experi- you really the Bethel Band?" ences because He wants us to tell others about His "Yes, we are." salvation. He has not only given us an experi- "Now how did you come?" ence that we can talk about, but He has promised "We came by train." to give us power to witness for Him.

"But how did you get into the city?" When we should be "rivers of living water"

"By horse and cart.'" many times we are like the Samaritan woman's "Did you· see the Japanese soldiers at the city pitcher which was continually becoming empty gate ?" and had to be brought back to Jacob's well. Our "Yes, four of them, two at each side, fully capacity is so small that we easily become dried armed." up. We go to special meetings to be filled up; and "Then," he said, "how did you get past them, then go home to become dried up again. There is for the soldiers have been told not to let the Chi- water down deep in the well but we must go there nese go in or out without being examined and to draw it up. In the modern days we have the searched?" pump, but when we stop pumping the water stops

flowing. It is sadly true in the churches today sengers. They already had forty passengers and that somebody must pump all of the time or spir- the little boat was top-heavy, but that was the only itual life dries up. We must pump to keep the way we could go, so we committed ourselves into prayer meeting going; pump in the song service; God's care and went aboard. There wasn't any pump in the testimony meeting; all the work of private cabin so we had to sleep on the floor like the church has to be pumped, otherwise it will not sardines. There were crying babies all around go ahead. But the Holy Spirit cannot only fill our that took turns crying so that we could not sleep. hearts but will make us rivers of living water that The Yangtze River has many rapids. When we naturally flows out to others. A river does not came to a strong rapid the launch could not go on, need to be pumped, it flows itself and nothing can so cables were thrown out and the villagers, a coustop it. If each Christian will realize his need and ple hundred people, helped to pull the launch up come to the Lord Jesus Christ with a thirsty heart the rapids. Going through one of the rapids the and freely drink of the Water of Life, rivers of people were pulling and the engine was going to living water will flow out through him to others. its limit of power. Suddenly there was a terrific shake and a noise-the cable had broken. Our The prophet Ezekiel had a wonderful vision of ship was carried down by the power of the swift the river of living water (chapter 47). He saw stream and it seemed as if it would be dashed water issuing out of the altar of the temple. The right on a big rock. Then suddenly the ship was Holy Spirit came on the day of Pentecost so that lifted by the water and was landed right up on the 120 were filled with power. The Spirit came from rock. It was a miracle. The next question was the Holy of Holies as a river of living water. This how we could get the ship off the rock. The pas- River still flows today and we can have the same sengers were taken ashore in a rowboat and were privilege as the early disciples. Paul tells us that told to pull, but we could not move the boat. our bodies are temples of God when the Holy Spirit lives in them. If we want to overflow with Then I went behind the rocks to pray. I respiritual power and blessing we must be wholly minded the Lord that we were on His mission and dedicated to God. Then the Holy Spirit will be a should not delay any longer. The Lord told me to river flowing out through our lives. attend to my business and that He would attend to the boat, so I went back to distribute tracts and to There are four steps to the overflowing life as preach. Finally the boat was pulled off the rock pictured in Ezekiel. First the water reaches to to a place of safety. It was about four o'clock in the ankles. This means the guidance of the Holy the afternoon and we were told that the boat Spirit. How many times we so-called Christians would not go on that day, so we went to the vildo not walk after the Holy Spirit, but after the lage to preach and distribute tracts. We felt that flesh. Weare worldly and are interested in the our boat was not reliable so we again knelt on the things of the world; but if we would walk after river bank and prayed that the Lord would send the Spirit we would be spiritual. God will guide us a better ship and take us to our destination in us by the Holy Spirit, by His Word and also by time to keep our appointment. His providence, to the "green pastures beside the still waters" where our experience c~n be en- Before we had finished praying we heard a larged. whistle and suddenly a large steamer appeared. This was not a place where it usually stopped, so Next Ezekiel says that the water came up to the we asked the Lord that it might stop if this was knees. This denotes prayer. Christians and the boat for us. We watched with joy when it did churches do not have much power today because stop in the middle of the river. We hired a small they neglect prayer. The prayer room is less used row boat to take us to the steamer and asked if than the dining and social rooms. When we pray there were accommodations for us. Then I heard in the Holy Spirit prayer will become power, a man calling out, "Jesus man, Jesus man." A bringing real fellowship with God. We don't few seconds later a man with a smiling face, came know how to pray but the Holy Spirit can help us. and took my hand and said, "Are you Pastor When He leads us to pray we forget time and our Gih ?" souls are lifted up. The windows of Heaven are opened and blessings are poured down upon us. "Yes," I said. "How do you know?"

Members of the Bethel Band have experienced "I was in Shanghai and attended your confermany answers to prayer. The Band started out for ence and- heard you preach." West China, arrived at the Yangtze River, where we were to catch a boat going up to Szechuan. "That is good," I replied, and asked him if he We were in a hurry and wanted to catch the first could help us to get accommodations on this boat. boat. The river was so low that the large steam- He went to the manager and told him that our ers had to wait for the water to rise. There was party came from Bethel Mission. only a small river launch scheduled to sail up the river, and this launch could only carry twenty pas- "Why, my wife talks about Bethel Mission," re- plied the captain, "because she has a friend study-

THE BETHEL BANDS IN CHINA

ing there. If they are from Bethel Mission I will Many a soldier found the Lord before he was make special accommodations for them." killed. Many prized the tracts and Gospel por- tions given them, and read them in the trenches. We thanked God for the answer to prayer and went back to the small river launch to get our The Japanese airplanes were able to destroy the things. The next day we safely reached our desti- strong defensive lines and the Chinese had to renation. Later we learned that the day after we treat. The Bethel Band had to flee for their lives, left the small launch it went to the bottom of the and on their way they passed through a village river. where there was no way of getting out of danger. As our boys stopped to give a short message of In Ezekiel's vision the next measurement of the the Gospel, they heard the planes coming. The water was "up to the loins." This, I think, de- villagers asked the boys to go with them to hide notes humble service in the Holy Spirit. At the in the dug-outs which they had made but the boys "last supper" Jesus girded Himself with a towel refused to go. They remained in a little Gospel and washed the feet of His disciples. When we Hall, saying that if they were going Home they are obedient to the Holy Spirit, we will know how would rather go from the heavenly Father's to serve the Lord. How often we work in our house, so they knelt there in prayer and were preown power! We labor, but do not see any results. paring their hearts to go to Heaven at any mo- Before the day of Pentecost the disciples worked ment, when they heard a terrific noise and felt and preached, but there were no conversions; the foundation of the building shake. Something when they were filled with the Holy Spirit, in one hit the roof of the little Gospel Hall and they day three thousand were saved. . thought it was a bomb; but everything quieted down and they opened their eyes; they were still In 1932 there was war in North China between alive and so they thanked the Lord for His deliv- Japan and China. The papers reported the erance. The villagers who had hidden in the dugslaughter of Chinese soldiers because the Japa- outs had all been killed. The little Gospel Hall nese had airplanes and big guns while the Chinese was the only building left standing. They thanked lacked these modern weapons. Our Chinese boys God that before they returned to Shanghai they and girls at Bethel Seminary were greatly stirred had been able to lead over 2,000 soldiers to the and four young men especially seemed to have a Lord Jesus Christ. The time was war, the place definite call from God to go to the front to preach was dangerqus, the hearts were hard, yet they to the Chinese soldiers. They said, "Weare here worked in the power of the Holy Spirit and saw preparing for the ministry, yet our soldiers are over 2,000 soldiers converted. dying by the hundreds every day." We prayed for them and everything was ready for them to In our seminary young men and young women go except the money. Our mission is a "faith are trained to be evangelists, full of the Spirit of mission" and we don't keep reserve funds; so God. Their aim is to go out and preach to the these special undertakings must have special lost the message of the Gospel. May the Lord funds to meet them. Dr. Mary Stone was invited bless these young people, provide the needed funds to preach at a church in Shanghai and took two to take in those who cannot support themselves, of these boys, who called themselves Bethel War- and give them proper training so that they may zone Band. They told the people of their call and go out to preach the Gospel, to evangelize China. asked the people to pray for them. The people not only prayed for the boys but prayed that be- The last measurement that Ezekiel reports is a fore the soldiers should slip into eternity they river that he could not pass over, water to swim might have a chance to hear the Gospel from these in. This may denote the life lived wholly in the young people. The next day a special messenger Spirit. It is a life of liberty, a life of trust, a life came to Dr. Stone with an envelope containing of fruitfulness and power. Christians must first $300, with a note saying that since the sender be obedient, second must spend time in prayer, could not go to preach to the soldiers the money third in work for Him, and then we will have the was being sent to enable these young people to go. secret of living in the Holy Spirit. When we live in the Holy Spirit our life will be naturally fruit- The Bethel Warzone Band started forth to ful and the results will be far-reaching. The preach the Gospel, not only risking their lives in tragedy today is that many people want to expethe dangers of the war but also facing Chinese rience the Holy Spirit while in the church, but soldiers some of whom were angry. One soldier when they go back home, to business, to school, loaded his gun, threatening to shoot them if they to hospitals or to their societies they do not seek preached again. He said that China was invaded to have the Holy Spirit control them. We must by a foreign nation and yet these Chinese boys had not only believe in Christ, but we must live Christ. come to preach a foreign religion. It required bold- We should so live in the Holy Spirit that we will ness, with tact and wisdom, but the Lord was car- live victoriously. ing for them and they preached to the soldiers.

The prophet Ezekiel tells us that "at the bank catch nothing because the nets are broken. We of the river were very many trees on the one side not only need to go to preach to others but we and on the other." If there is not water the land need to take care of our nets by spending time in is dry and barren, but when the water comes the devotions, prayer and Bible reading so that our trees, grass and flowers will grow; the place will nets will be able to hold the fish. become beautiful and fruitful, for the water is life-giving. The water in the vision flowed into Ezekiel tells us about the fruits-new fruit a sea and the salt and bitter sea water was healed every month and leaves that shall not fade. We and made sweet. How many lives are filled with are to bring forth fruits all of the time. Green bitterness because of suffering and disappoint- leaves represent fresh testimonies because we rement. If Christians are filled with the Holy ceive new blessings every day. Some people give Spirit, their bitterness is turned into sweetness. as testimonies the yellow leaves many years old and repeat them over and over; people get tired Ezekiel also tells us that there were many kinds of hearing the same thing, but green leaves are of fish in the river. The Holy Spirit enables us new experiences. The leaves can be used for to become fishers for men, to lead souls to Christ. medicine for some needy souls who hear our testi- mony and are healed. Spiritual diseases can be There are several ways of catching fish. First cured by this medicine. with a hook-personal work, hooking them one by one. But sometimes the fish hooks just on the Do we desire to live in the Holy Spirit? Do we skin of the nose, and the fish is hurt-the skin is want to be fruitful and victorious and powerful? broken, and it flees away and never comes back. Do we want to live a life of joy and liberty? Then, When we do personal work we should not argue. beloved, let us give ourselves wholly to the Lord, We should be careful not merely to hurt the feel- so that our lives become sanctuaries of our heavings of the people, but gently to lead them by giv- enly Father. From the Holy of Holies these rivers ing them food. of Living Water flow out until many souls are won to the Lord Jesus Christ. This is the life that He There is another kind of fishing, by casting nets wants us to live-lives of faith, of joyful satisfacto catch a number of fish. This is preaching in tion, of service and victory. public. Many times we preach in public and VOLUNTEERS WANTED FOR AFRICA* Young men and women with the spirit of adventurers and the devotion of crusaders; who are not afraid of hardship; who can play the game as goodspirtsmen; who can carry on as good soldiers-men and women, eyes aglow with vision, faces agleam with high resolve, hearts ready for service here in Africa, a good, good land even though Christopher Columbus didn't discover it.

The need is urgent. Reinforcement must be had. Our total working force numbers eighty-five. Only fifty-three are on the field. Our responsibility is enormous.

We need doct.ors. Only two are on the field, one away off on the periphery of the mis- sian; the other in charge of the large, modern hospital at Elat, itself a job for two doctors, and with the care and oversight of eleven of the mission stations,-an impossible task. We need some of the sterling stuff that had its counterpart ten years ago in young men return- ing from the wars. Where are they?

Four years ago we began a French Normal School at Foulassi with the expectation of placing there a force of three teachers. Instead, presently, there will be but one. We need teachers-men who, were the War still on, would be doing their bit as interpreters at the front.

Ten years ago we began an Agricultural School. For two years it has been closed- no agriculturist. Where is the Christian graduate of one of our Agricultural colleges who will volunteer for this big job, tremendous, rich in opportunity and promise?

This past year money has been pouring in for new buildings and repairs. Almost every station has large unused appropriations for buildings, urgently, pressingly, needed. Mis- sionaries now have more demands made upon them than they can meet, they can not build. We need builders. – Young men and women with the spirit of adventurers and the devotion of crusaders- come! The missionary enterprise calls, and above all Christ calls-"Who will come and work today" Come!!

• A call from The Drum Call, pubJished by the American Presbyterian Mission in Cameroun District, West Africa.

as Seen from

-'~l!;11 _In_d_ia===~II~- ===_B_y_V_._R=._C_H_AN=D=R_A_*,=M_a_d_ra_s_, I am sending to you a manuscript written by V. R. Chandra, The community acts like one man. They are cal- B.A., one of Dr. Ambedkar's men from Madras. I hope you can CUlating about the religious, social, political and economical consequences, should the eighty thoumake use of it in some publication as showing how Hinduism looks sand Untouchables join their fold. So do the Christians; so do the Sikhs. from the Inside and the bottom. Mr. Chandra went with us to the Malerkotla Jalsa, and was duly Impressed by the neat church and On the other hand, what do I find in the Hindu society? The Hindus are sleeping and snoring clean appearance of the Christians there, who are the sweepers of soundly. They are indifferent. They are immov- able. They are believers in "Karma" or "Kismet" the city streets. Indeed, I learned later that during the communion (or Fate); they think that what should happen will happen and so why bother! On the other service he wished to take part. One of our workers reminded him hand their religious leaders, the Sankaracharis that he was not baptized as a Christian; but he said, "But why should I not remember the Lord Jesus who gave His life for us Untouchables." He took part reverently, and no one wished It otherwise. India is indeed being shaken from the very foundations, and all religions are In the Providence of God being judged by these "who are not." The Christian Church is slowly awakening, but I feel we are not nearly so alive to the significance of all this as are the Sikhs and Mohammedans. I may add that It Is very diffi- cult to get such an article published in any except our Christian papers out here, as most of the larger publications are financed by Hindu money. REV. CLINTON H. LOEULIN, American Pre8byterian Mission, Jullundur City, Punjab.

SOCIALLY, religiously, politically, economi- and the Brahmin Pandits, are advising the Un- cally we, the people of India, have been the touchables to join any other religion which is a .slaves and helots of Hindu society, and branch of Hinduism or to start a new religion of consequently of other societies as well, for ages their own. This is unsolicited and unwanted and are even today being crushed down in spite advice to the Untouchables who know by now of the British Government. We have found out what to do and what not to do. Having crushed that the remedy for these wrongs lies in our hands us too long and too much, and incapable of eradi- and not in others. Dr. Ambedkar, than whom cating the darkest blot on humanity in the name there can be no better, nobler, worthier leader for of God and religion, it is not for them to advise us, has suggested a very easy remedy and it is for us now when we have already decided upon giv- us to carry out that suggestion into execution. ing up Hinduism and all its paraphernalia.

Ever since the great doctor made his announce- Now what are our sins that merit this great ment that emancipation of the Untouchables lies curse? We have been of great service to Hindu in the desertion of the Hindu fold and embracing society from time of yore. Weare washing your any other religion according equality and broth- latrines, we are sweeping your roads, we are erhood there is a stir in the religious, social and ploughing your fields, we are stitching your shoes political atmosphere unparalleled in this country -in short, we are a band of very useful servants or for that matter, in any other country, ever be- of human society, being also hewers of wood and fore. All other religions and societies are agi- drawers of water, working like bulls during day tated over the situation, except Hinduism and and night. The wages that we get are nothing Hindu society. rfhe Moslems, the Christians, the to the hard and the dirty work that we perform.

Sikhs and others have begun to think furiously Our position is nothing better than that of the and seriously about the situation created. I am slaves of Abyssinia and helots of ancient Greece going about the country for the last four months. and Rome. To such useful servants of the society Wherever I go I am struck by the wonderful mil- what is the treatment accorded? It is worse than itary dicipline that is actuating the Moslem com- the treatment meted out to pigs and dogs and munity in matters social, religious or political. donkeys! We are called "Untouchables"; we are excluded from society and are made to dwell in • An address by a Hindu, delivered at the Jullundur District Con- dirty and unsanitary slums both in towns and ference of Untouchables, June 15, 1936. A large number of dele- villages. Why? Is it because we eat beef? Do gates, numbering about 500, attended and great enthusiasm prevailed. not Europeans also eat beef? Do not some Mos- Hindu, Mussulman and Christian public watched the p·roceedings- lems eat beef? Don't you touch them? Then why the audience numbering about 1,500. Three resolutions were not touch us? We alone are untouchable. Why? adopted: the first expressing loyalty to the British throne, the They say we are unclean. They say we do dirty second voting full confidence in the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar work. They say we are latrine cleaners. Do not and condemning the misleading manumvres of almost all the so- your mothers and sisters clean the filth and excalled nationalist papers and the press of all and sundry denomina- creta of their children? Do you call them "Untions to pooh-pooh the activities of the accredited leader and the touchables"? Do they not serve you food? If we uncrowned king of the Adl-Dravldas (Untouchables) of this land. The third resolution appealed to the Untouchables throughout the land, saying that unless and until they give up completely the Hindu religion and all the paraphernalia of Hindu ceremony and worship, the so-called sacred books and beliefs, superstitions and pilgrimages to the so-called holy places and tltirthas, the community has no chance of any advancement either spiritually, socially, economically or politically.

[407 ]

are unclean, thanks to the nature of our work, it try there was a civilized race, the aboriginal race, is for society to allow us sufficient water conveni- an agriculturist race, called the Dravidians living ence and sufficient wages to keep us fit and neat in this country. Overpowered by numbers, and to be respectable members of society. You do not overpowered by bows and arrows of the Aryans allow us even drinking water. You do not allow (who lived by hunting) the Dravidians had to us to draw water from public wells and get into submit to the barbarous Aryan brute force. Those public tanks to wash off our dirt or to wash our of the Dravidians who meekly submitted to the clothes. Aryan yoke were given superior ranks, such as Kshatrias Vaisias and Sudras, and those who Anyone may be made an untouchable under stood strong and long and fought sternly and firmsuch conditions. Even if Mahatma Gandhi, Ma- ly were reduced to eternal slavery and dubbed lawiya, and the Sankaracharia could be shut up "Untouchables" or Chandalas. This historical in a room without any water facilities for three truth was recognized by even Mr. Winston days together they will be as clumsy and dirty Churchill in one of his speeches, meeting the castesmelling as any of the worst among the so-called Hindu-ridden-Congress-wallahs' threat of driving "Untouchables." Such being the case it is for the out the foreigners from this land bag and baggage. municipalities and union Panchayats and other The Aryans are as much foreigners to us-the agencies in charge of sanitation and health to see aboriginals-as Europeans. Perhaps even worse, that sufficient water is supplied to the "Untouch- being unsympathetic. able" quarters. But what do we see in actual practice? It is the touchable quarters that are sup- Then, the Aryans concocted the institution of plied any number of taps in towns and any num- Varnashrama Dharma or caste system, placing ber of wells in villages and the "Untouchables'" premium on birth. They divided the community quarters go almost without any. Under such cir- as the Head-born, Hand-born, Hip-born and the cumstances how can we fail to be unclean? Dogs Heel-born of the God-Head. They assigned no and pigs that eat the human excreta (including place in the God-Head as the origin of the Un- Untouchables') enter your houses and temples, touchables. The obvious inference is that the Unbut your conscience is not pricked, though you touchables came from the obviously understood are touched to the quick, as if by an electric shock, natural place, viz., from the womb of their moththe moment you consciously or unconsciously ers. No physiologist, no doctor would dispute this touch an Untouchable. The reasons that you as- inference. What about the four castes said to have sign to damn us as "Untouchable" are unreason- burst from the God-Head? Coming as they did able and unconvincing. What, then, is the real from unnatural places and non-human sources, cause for this unprovoked animosity against a it is not surprising that they have been behaving whole community for ages together? There is an from time immemorial, including the year of grace historical cause. There is a racial cause. 1936, unnaturally and inhumanly towards the nat- ural-born Untouchables. I was once discussing with a Sanathanist the question of Untouchability. I told him that due The Bible, the Koran, the Granth Sahib is open to Hindu conservatism and intolerance, the Hindu to all. They are published in different languages population which was the only population in In- of the world and everyone is requested to read dia, once upon a time numbering about 330,000,- including the Negro of Africa, and the Red Indian 000, has now dwindled to about 210,000,000, and of America. But the Vedas has been the monopthe rest of the Hindus have become either Mussul- oly of the Head-born, the Brahmin, and a sealed mans, Christians, Sikhs or Buddhists. He replied book to the otherwise-born. Noone but a Brahthat it was not so, that the number of Hindus min should read the Vedas, nay, not even hear it were only about 210,000,000 from the beginning chanted, lays down the Manusmirithi-the ancient and the rest of the population, viz., 120,000,000, law book of Hindustan. Pray what is the penalty? were formerly Rakshasas who gradually changed The tongue that reads the Vedas would be pulled into either Buddhists or Moslems or Christians or out, and the ear that hears it chanted should feel Sikhs and that Sanathanism was a divine crea- the molten lead. This is Hindu Dharma! Still, it tion; therefore no Sanathanist could ever be con- is the Hindu politicians that glorify the India of verted to any other religion. the past and attack the present administration of racial prejudice and discrimination. Yes! my brothers, there is no use of laughing over the statement. That only shows you have Mahatma Gandhi wants Sewarajya to be turned forgotten the history of your forefathers and that into Ram Rajya of old. He calls the present Raj the Sanathanist has not, for what is the historical the Satanic Raj, devoid of sympathy and imagbackground for this? You must remember when ination. Now I feel it my duty to illustrate Ram the barbarous Aryans, in search of food for Rajya by a story in Ramayan in the interests of themselves and for their cattle, entered this coun- Truth which Gandhi is never tired of experi-

HINDUISM AS SEEN FROM WITHIN

menting upon. During the reign of Ram over assertion when his own eldest son, Hira Lal Gan- Ajodhya, and Ram is considered the tallest of dhi, stands transformed into Abdulla Gandhi be- Aryans, a Brahmin and his son were bathing one fore an awe-struck and wondering world! No day in the Ganges. A crocodile stealthily snatched better reply, no more convincing answer need be away the boy. The broken-hearted Brahmin ran given to the Mahatmic egoism. to the palace of Ram and broke out thus: "Oh Ram Chandra! While I am living, my son is dead. The very people, the caste Hindus in general This should not happen in your Rajya, Ram and the Brahmin politicians in particular, are Rajya. There is something wrong with you, never tired of asserting Swaraj and self-deter- 'something is rotten in the State of Denmark.' mination to be their birth right, but it is they that Find out the cause and deliver my son into my deny, in the name of their religion and God, even hands, else be_ prepared for the curse of a Brah- the elementary civil rights to the so-called "Unmin." The great Ram, the great Avatar, began touchables." All temples are closed to us, some to shake in his shoes and commanded his brother roads are blocked to us, no wells and tanks are Lakshman to find out the cause at once. Laksh- open to us, riding on horses is not for us, no shoes man hurried out of the palace, and returning for us, no jewels for us, no umbrellas for us, no after some time told Ram that he had found chapels for us, etc., etc. Still no man, no nationout the cause for the incident-that a Sudra alist, no Hindustani, no congressman, and no Sonamed Samhoog was making Tapasya, or meditat- cialist came forward to form any "civil liberties ing upon God, in the forest. Ram asked his Brah- protection league" for us. The great president min Guru, Vashishta, regarding the punishment of the so-called Indian National Congress talks tall for such a crime, viz., the breaking of the Varnash- on Socialism but he had no word to say against ramadharmic rule. Vashishta turned the pages of Varnashrama or Caste System. He has only one Manusmirithi, the then law book of India, and sentence, and that a very short sentence, in his read out that capital punishment alone could meet long presidential address to say about untouchthe ends of justice and commanded Ram to carry ability which is considered to be the burning quesout the punishment by his own hand. Ram ac- tion of the day. He carries on a tirade against cordingly hastened to the forest and did "justice" imperialism, landlordism and capitalism but has by chopping off the head of the "criminal." And entirely, and, conveniently forgotten Brahminism lo! and behold the crocodile restored the child! which has been corroding the very vitals and This, my brothers, is Ram Rajya and Dharma poisoning every department of Indian Society in Rajya for which the great Mahatma is yearning general, and Hindu society in particular. Blood day and night, in and out of jail as well as in and is thicker than water, and the great Kashmiri out of politics! Pandit has only proved it to its very hilt. It is the irony of Indian politics that the political ex- And when our leader suggested conversion to tremists prove social reactionaries, as the late Dr. some other religion as the only proper remedy to T. M. Nair of revered memory once observed. get relief from such a Ram Rajya and from such a religion and society that is trying its best to Socialism is a thing by which the Untouchable bring about such an unfortunate contingency, has everything to gain and nothing to lose and the Mahatma said that none has any right to as such he wiII never be shy of being a Socialist change one's faith and that one's faith dies only but then, if the agitators, with the slogan of Sowith one's death. What an extraordinary dictum cialism on their lips, should try to distract the this! If there should be any rhyme or reason or present determined position of the Untouchables any logic in this, then, all other religions except to renounce Hinduism for obvious reasons and Hinduism, which is as old as barbarism itself, embrace any other religion based on equality and stand condemned. According to Mahatmic asser- brotherhood, then such deep diplomacy should tions, Lord Budda, Lord Jesus Christ, Prophet meet with strong resentment, and should be Mohammad, the Ten Gurus of the Sikhs, etc., (all treated with the contempt it deserves. of whom, so to say, revolted against Hinduism or heathenism, conservatism or barbarism and . We have tasted enough of Hindu diplomacy. preached perfect fraternity) ought to have gone We have found it so bitter and suffocating that on bended knees before this great Mahatma to we do not want any more. By now all Untouchget sanction for breaking away from their re- ables should have come to know the deep and the spective faiths in which they were born and es- dark diplomacy underlying the Poona Pact. How tablishing new ones for the glory of humanity did it come about ?-the Communal Award grant- ed separate electorate to the Untouchables. Mahatand to the eternal shame of Hinduism. Alas what ma Gandhi protested against such a "calamity" an open revolt against Mahatmic inj unctions! and began his now notorious fast unto death to and now comes the fatal knock to the Mahatmic coerce the unfortunate Untouchables to walk into the joint electorate. Days and weeks passed. The

Mahatma was choking. His son, Mr. Deva Dass a garland of human heads round her neck, a Gandhi, was weeping. And other Hindu leaders tongue a yard long hanging out, four hands, one assembled round Gandhi's bed were shedding with a raised blood-stained sword, another holdtears-but only crocodile tears. That was the ing a chopped off human head, the third with a scene created before the eyes of Dr. Ambedkar vessel to hold the dripping blood. This figure is adand other Untouchable leaders. How could the dressed by the crowding devotees as the Loka doctor, coming as he does of the Untouchables, Matha or the Great Mother of the Universe! who, historically as well as practically, even unto Daily sacrifices of goats and buffaloes are made this day would rather submit to all sufferings at to appease her thIrst. Even human sacrifices others' hands than retaliate, persist in the midst were made in pre-British days. It is indeed a of such a heart-rending scene? At last Dr. glowing tribute to the British flag that Kali has Ambedkar "succumbed" to the coercion. A very lost taste for human blood now! Among her enchanting picture was drawn that a new heaven devotees may be counted eminent Bengalees of would be created on this old earth and that every light and leading, such as Arobindo Ghose, Dr. conceivable social, religious, political, economical Tagore, etc. Still, "what Bengal thinks today and educational facility would be given to the the rest of India thinks tomorrow," boasts the Untouchables on a par of equality with the Hin- Bengalee. I stared at the figure. The more I dus. It is now nearly five years and nothing has looked at it the more I disliked it. She is obviousbeen done, not even one promise carried out ex- ly to my mind a great enemy of mankind wearcept that a new name "Harijan" has been coined ing a garland of human heads and holding a hufor us and a big fund collected in our name for man head dripping with blood. Perhaps she rep- Congress propaganda or perhaps it has gone the resents a bloodthirsty Aryan "demon" in womanway of Tilak Swarajya Fund and other such form who should have massacred a number of funds. Poona Pact is a bundle of broken pledges. my ancestors-the Dravidians. For no other rea- It is another Manusmirithi written with the blood son would an Aryan, a Brahmin, a High Caste of the Untouchables to tie them to the intolerant Hindu worship such an ugly, atrocious and aweand tyrannical Hindu yoke and to reestablish a striking figure. I was wondering why Gazni Mo- Hindu Raj, a Ram Raj, once again in this coun- hammad should not have paid a short visit to try. The Untouchables are going to taste the bit- Kalighat! ter fruits of the Poona Pact for the first time in April next when the new constitution sets to work. One day as I was bathing in one of the ghats It is the Peters and Judas Iscariots among the near the Howrah Bridge, I saw two people emp- Untouchables that are going to be backed by the tying two big vessels of milk into the Ganges Caste Hindus; it is the Vibhishanas and Hanu- costing at least Rs. 10/-1 coul~ not bear the mans among the Untouchables that will poll heav- sight, and asked them why they did it. They said ily, thanks to the Divide and Rule policy of the that Ganga Matha liked such offerings and that Hindus; it is the traitors and betrayers of the they only carried out a former promise to her. sacred cause of the Untouchables that will be re- Just then some coal dust was coming along the turned to the legislatures to be but the hand- waters obviously thrown out from some steammaids of Hindu politicians. boat. I pointed the spot to them and remarked that their Ganga Matha could not discriminate Apart from the social and religious inferiority between milk and dust! They simply smiled and and superiority complex nursed and nurtured by went away. Hinduism, economically also it is a big waste and drains the hard-earned resources of rich and Another day I witnessed in one of the bazaars poor alike. Besides, it breeds and encourages all two Hindus feeding cows and bulls with gur from foolish ideas, inhumanities, superstitions and im- two big baskets. Just then about four or five possible beliefs. Ever since I went through Miss beggars, including two children-all skin and Mayo's "Mother India" I desired to go through bones-dressed in tatters, stood stretching their North India to see things for myself. Since the boney hands begging for a piece of gur. The two last four months I am going around. I spent a Hindus would not give them anything but only scolded them, stretching their hands and legs and month in Calcutta. The first place I visited in heads to beat them and asking them to run away Calcutta naturally was the Kalighat. The moment from the place. This was appalling to me. I ar- I set my foot into the precincts of the temple I gued with them and pointed out to them their felt the atmosphere so deadly and nasty-smell- unreasonable and unsympathetic attitude towards ing that I had to close my nostrils as if I had their own kind while being so over solicitous and entered some fish market or beef market. I ap- over charitable to nonhuman beings. They said proached the sanctum santorum and I saw the in reply that the beggars and the sufferers in this huge figure of "Goddess" Kali with a huge head, world were condemned by God as a result of their

"Karma" and that it was a great sin to go against ers, camphor, incense, bread, fruits, sweetmeats, the will of God and that He would be angry with and what not. "Mother India is poor" is the slothem and displeased with them should they help gan of the "patriot" and he stretches his hands the poor. What a high and soul-stirring philos- towards the west for this poverty. I wish a pubophy! lic enquiry committee would look into this waste and place it side by side with the much maligned While crossing the Ganges bridge near Be- military budget! There are innumerable Dharamnares, my nap was slightly disturbed by sounds salas Chatrams and choultries throughout India. as if several stones were thrown on the carriage. There are nearly 360 Chatrams in the "holy" city Just then I saw the one sitting by my side throw- of Benares alone. Poverty is no basis of feeding ing something into the river. I asked him what. in these Chatrams. Birth and caste alone is the He said that he threw a rupee into the Ganges as deciding factor. "For Brahmins only" is the writpromised. I remonstrated with him that while ten and the unwritten law of these so-called charhe had not the mind to give a pice to the old and itable institutions. So much is made of color bar blind beggar, yet he was so liberal with the and the Brahmin politicians attack the Govern- Ganges which could have no use for it and from ment and the Europeans for it. Has anyone which it could never be recovered. He assured among them till now said or done anything against me that in return for the one rupee that he gave this discriminative feeding. Still they swear by Ganga Matha was going to bless him with a lakh Socialism! All sorts of imaginary exploitations next year. What a fine investment! Such "in- by Europeans should be violently condemned but vestments" range from one pice to one rupee and the actual exploitations by Brahmins in every one hundred rupees, and in the case of merchant walk of life should be silently ignored! That is princes and Maharajas and Maharanis even sov- the Brahmin ethics, that is his social game, his ereigns and precious jewels costing thousands of political game, that is his dirty game everywhere. rupees are deposited into the depths of the Ganga He is not only exploiting the people in every pos- Matha. Still, "Mother India" is poor, thanks to sible and conceivable way but has made them the Satanic Government," prates the Hindu poli- fools and idiots in the name of religion and God tician! and is daily injecting, inventing and encouraging all sorts of false beliefs and foolish ceremonies "Dressing the Ganga Matha" was another of and customs. The Brahmin has captured religion, the scenes that I saw in Benares. A long line of captivated the society and even today dominates boats were stationed in a line from one bank of politics. There are parties and parties and the the river to the other and all the boats were cov- Brahmin politicians figure prominently in every ered by a long stretch of new cloth. After the party. They may make nice distinctions between pooja was over, lasting for nearly an hour, the parties, they may carryon even some word-fights whole cloth was bundled and thrown into the -all pillow fights-with a view to mislead the center of the river and proper care was taken to public as they have done in the religious sphere, see it was well drowned. The cloth could have but all of them, if you slightly scratch them, will easily dressed at least 200 beggars appearing be black communalists. The Brahmins have been almost naked in the streets of Benares, but then, the lagos of Indian affairs either in Hindu Raj, Hinduism and Hindu society wills it otherwise. Muslim Raj, Sikh Raj or British Raj. So long The burning ghats in the midst of human habita- as the designing and unscrupulous Brahmin tion in Benares, causing nuisance and poisoning priest and politician is occupying the present the atmosphere and spreading disease, speak vol- strong position that he does today and the other umes of the civic and sanitary consciousness of misguided Hindus follow his lead, only one course Hinduism and Hindu society! And the Govern- is open to us Untouchables, viz., to give up the ment is pledged to non-intervention in religion! Hindu fold completely with all the paraphernalia of Hindu ceremony and worship, the so-called While bathing again in the Ganges at Harid- sacred books and beliefs, superstitions and pilwar, I was horror-struck to find a Marwadi wom- grimages to the so-called holy places and Thirthas an throwing five shining fresh silver rupees into -all which were invented to drain our poor rethe waters-perhaps to propitiate for the sins of sources-and embrace any other religion practicher husband or son dealing in money-lending busi- ing as well as promising equality and brotherhood ness which is of a blood-sucking nature. There is and salvation not only after death but in this life no end to what the Hindu people throw into the as well. Ganges from its very sources, all along its course, and up to the point of its emptying into the Bay of Bengal-money, milk, honey, curds, ghee, flow-

Indian Womanhood Owes to Christ*

~J,!,;;l=====B;o;;Y;o;;M;o;;R;o;;S;o;;';o;;M;o;;O;o;;H;o;;I;o;;N;o;;I;o;;D;o;;A;o;;S;o;;S====~II~'- T HE only, reason why I am standing before In the so-called depressed races of the world to- you today is that, though a nominal Chris- day there are many who are not in the least tian for many years, it was just five years "depressed," who hold their heads high, but, view- ago that I discovered for myself the wonderful, ing the situation as a whole, I maintain that, as life-changing power that Jesus Christ can bestow for suppressed individuals and races in general, on those who accept Him whole-heartedly. Since so for women, Jesus by His teachings and His then, the greatest desire of my life is that others, life opened a new door of opportunity. Listen to too, may know of this marvellous Force which has what Jesus proclaimed at the very outset of His transformed the lives of so many individuals and ministry. He said, "The spirit of the Lord is upon races, from a life of suppressed potentialities to me, because He hath anointed me to preach the one of power and usefulness. Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal the Glance for a moment at the history of the world, broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the cap- with special reference to the condition of women, tives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set and you will see that in olden times there was at liberty them that are bruised." He taught hardly a country where women were not treated therefore that oppression and the suppression of more or less as members of a Depressed Class. the individuality of anyone is wrong, be he man Look at Japan. There was a time when no Jap- or woman. In the olden days it was customary anese woman was allowed to scale the sides of for the Jews to have more than one wife. Jesus the sacred mountain, Fujiama, for fear of defiling realized that this "bruises" the self-respect of a it. woman, so, when questioned by the Pharisees on Turn to China. In olden days, more often than the subject, He laid down that a man should have not, girls, when born, were exposed to die. Dur- one wife and "they two shall be one flesh . . .

ing the days of the Old Testament the Jew gen- therefore they are no more two, but one flesh."

erally prayed as follows: "Lord, I thank Thee Listen to what is laid down for the guidance of that Thou didst not make me a woman, or a leper, the followers of Jesus in the New Testament: or a Gentile." "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither In our own India it has been taught that if a bond nor free, there is neither male nor female, man's deeds in this life are not what they should for ye are all one in Christ Jesus."

be, he may be born a woman or dog in the next. Jesus proclaimed this new principle to the world Turn to Europe, to Africa, and, indeed, to any -this principle of equal opportunities for all- country the world over before the coming of for all whose individualities have been sup- Christ, and you will find that generally speaking, pressed, whether they be men or women, and the condition of women at that time was more what was the result? Wherever His teachings or less that of a depressed class. They were often took root the condition of woman began to alter.

classed with "dogs" and "lepers"; Their condi- She became not just a glorified courtesan and tion in every way was, generally speaking, the housekeeper, but a home-maker, a companion to condition of a "depressed" or "suppressed" race. her husband and a fit mother for bringing up his I stand here to witness, and I challenge anyone children.

to repudiate the statement, that it is Jesus and A famous European scholar has propounded His teachings which have permeated the world the theory that, very probably, the ancient civ- and have caused the women of the world to stand ilizations of the world crumbled away because in erect as useful members of the community, and of those days woman was not given her proper the race. place in the home and in society as a whole', Con- True, this does not mean that in the years be- sider the proposition for a moment and it will fore the Good Tidings that Christ brought to the strike you as one that is reasonable because it is world, all women were classed as dogs and lepers. the woman in the home who has the care of the • An address delivered at the All-India Depressed Classes Con- children in their most impressionistic years and ference in Lucknow. May 22. 1936, it is the children who are the promise of the fu- [412 ] ture. What your children are, not only physically Indian Christian women drawn from the Debut morally and intellectually, will be what your pressed Classes, but now teaching, among others, race is, and your children will be more or less the children of Brahmins-looked up to and rewhat their mothers are. It is the woman too who spected by them. And this one example is typical outside the home must help in tackling the prob- of many institutions in the Punjab and in this lems which affect her and her children, for it is Province, and in fact, all over India. she who has the best knowledge of these problems. Again, the Indian Christians of one of our prov- The new idea regarding women, which was inces chose a woman to represent them in their thrown out into the world by Jesus Christ, has Legislative Council because of her outstanding resulted in a revolution the world over, a revolu- ability, and that woman was drawn from the Detion that astounds one in its tremendous implica- pressed Classes, but she was now an honored tions. I have time to cite only a few outstanding member of a Christian group which probably incases of the effect of this revolutionary teaching cluded some formerly Brahmin and Kshatriya on the women of the world in general and of India converts. in particular. Right here in this very city about five or six Listen-the very first college for women estab- years ago the Legislative Council was meeting in lished in Asia was established by a Christian the magnificent Baradari, once the home of the woman. I refer to Isabella Thoburn College for Women, in this very city. The first hospital Ruler of Oudh and his 150 wives. A resolution founded in Europe was founded by a Christian woman. The Red Cross, an association that has was put to the house regarding the entry of womdone such invaluable work for the alleviation of en into the Council. One of the supporters of the suffering, was initiated by Florence Nightingale, resolution rose, and looking up at the ladies' gala Christian woman. lery, thronged with visitors, mostly past and pres- ent students of our Isabella Thoburn College for True, and we thank God for this, the flower of women, said "How can we do anything but pass emancipated womanhood is now blooming every- this resolution with the pressure that is being where, but from whence came its seed? It is ob- brought to bear upon us from the galleries." This vious to a student of history that the seed was "pressure" was from the past and present stuthe principle of equal opportunities for all, in- dents of a Christian college for women! jected into the world by Jesus Christ nearly 2,000 years ago. Brothers, we are quite conscious, just as you are, that there are many so-called followers of the Why turn to other lands? Just consider our Lord Jesus who are not really His followers, and own motherland. Of the three communities in who are surely crucifying Him afresh by their India which rank the highest with respect to num- actions and their words, but we would entreat you bers, the Indian Christians are placed third in to consider what the Lord Jesus has accomplished order of numerical value, but rank first of these the world over as well as in India through those three communities with respect to the literacy of who have sought to follow their Master wholetheir women. And, mark you, 90 per cent of this heartedly. And we would assert once again that Protestant Indian Christian community are from not only did Jesus initiate the idea of release from the so-called "Depressed Classes"-once sup- bondage to oppressed men and women the world pressed but now equal members of a glorious over, but that He has accomplished through His Kingdom. sincere followers this release, this newness of life in India and the world. Stop for a moment and see what is happening. In both mission schools and hospitals the daugh- Brothers, have I helped you to see, even in a ters of so-called Depressed Classes, now Chris- small way, the potentiality of that Force released tians, are teaching and tending the children of nearly 2,000 years ago, and still energizing in the Brahmins! Untouchables? What has happened? living present ?-the Force that worked as leaven They are Untouchables no longer, for Jesus has and revolutionized the position of women, as that touched them! Come with me to Kodikanal in of all suppressed peoples? If so, my purpose is South India, climb its highest peak and you will accomplished. I am not here to make glowing see stretched out on the plains below many vil- promises. I only point to the sources of tremenlages nestling among the trees. These villages dous power, power that has transformed those of have schools run by local boards, and three out your number who have accepted Jesus, power that of every four of the teachers in these schools are has tremendous possibilities, if accepted by you who are the leaders of your people.

New Era of Foreign

By JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author of "Missions in India," "Missions in the Near East," etc.

THERE is widespread agreement that we are nearer proximity and greater eagerness than ever passing through a new crisis in the foreign before, and when humanistic or atheistic or anti~ missionary movement. Since the first com~ religious philosophies at the same time are claim~ mon experience of the whole race in the World ing world-wide allegiance, it is becoming more War, the rapidly extending communications, tele~ and more a question of life and death for the graph, radio and wireless, railroad, steamboat Christian Church to proclaim triumphantly and and airship all compete to bring individuals and with new tongues that there is no other salvation nations all the world over near to one another as for the human race than in Christ Jesus.

one big family with the same problems and It is true that at present there are many achievements. The occidental civilization, like a hindrances which impede any rapid advance and rising tide, is penetrating even the remote corners that threaten to bar the way of further advance.

of the globe and is irresistibly changing its back~ The financial stringency in consequence of the ground. world depression is immediately pressing into The system of the family of nations is out of view; in Germany it is excluding all financial joint. Agriculture and industry easily produce subsidies for the foreign field, beyond a meagre overwhelmingly more than the impoverished race allowance for the missionaries' salaries. Shall is able to buy. So half the race is lingering on our foreign missions be starved out, just at the the point of starvation whilst the other half is time when the rapidly advancing impoverishment ruthlessly discarding its useless surplus and thirty of the peasant millions of Asia are iess than ever or more millions of unemployed have no scope able to provide church finances? Nationalism neither for life nor for death. Whilst world everywhere creates pride in one's own cultural traffic is laying down all separating walls, nation~ heritage, but in many countries this goes hand alisms are everywhere building up even higher in hand with a recrudescence of the primitive re~ barriers and dire necessities of self-preservation ligions so that Christianity is looked at askance are squeezing down interchange of commerce to as a part of foreign imperialism, all the more ab~ paltry barter between neighboring countries. The horring because it is looked upon as creating for~ missionary movement of the Christian churches eign . cultural groups in the heart of a nation.

falteringly is seeking its way through the gen~ During the greater part of the last century Prot~ eral confusion and the kaleidoscopically changing estant missions had a fairly free field, distances scene. being great and the field large; the Roman Cath~ There are large tasks and alluring vistas be~ olic competition, though hitting sorely in many fore us. The more than one hundred fifty mil~ places, was not considered particularly dangerous.

lion primitive and animistic peoples, in Africa, This situation is changing rapidly. Under the Oceania and many parts of Asia, are rapidly dis~ ingenious leadership of the popes Leo XIII and intregrating religiously and culturally. It may Pius XI, the Roman Catholic propaganda is cov~ be a question of only a few generations before ering the globe with a close net of missionary they will be absorbed by the stronger religions dioceses, vicariates, prefectures, and missions.

busying themselves about them. A carefully Year by year new monastic orders, missionary planned campaign and an energetically pursued societies, brotherhoods and sisterhoods are enter~ crusade might cause these millions to be integrated ing the foreign fields; hundreds of priests, breth~ into the Christian Church. The Roman Catholic ren and sisters are swelling their ranks and al~ Church is already dreaming of a Roman Catholic ready in many fields they outnumber the meager continent of Africa. Many mission fields seem Protestant forces. This advance of Roman Ca- slowly to pass from the period of a slow knocking tholicism in the world-wide crusade is a loud at closed doors to a landslide when mass move- challenge to the conscience of Protestant Chris- ments sweep tens of thousands into the church tians. .

and the missionaries look around for companions What then shall we do in this emergency?

to bring in safely the breaking nets. The task of Some parts of our duty appear to be evident. Let world-wide and powerful evangelism has never evangelical forces join ranks; cooperation is the been greater than at present. When the great call of the hour. If Protestant missions are in world religions are confronting each other at danger – as they really are – it is disastrous to [414 ] dissolve into unorganized, independent groups, state of adolescence, are acknowledged as of full without a concerted plan of action; it would be age there remain the hundreds of millions of their own fault if they are pushed aside and their pagans so that the task of the "sending countries" praiseworthy endeavors, sanctified by prayer and is not diminished but is rather increased. We self-sacrifice, prove futile. The work of the In- may ardently hope that the "younger" churches, ternational Missionary Council and of the Na- in their youthful vigor and enthusiasm, will . tional Christian Councils in many countries and grapple energetically with their surrounding mis- of similar enterprises has never been more needed sionary problems but it is clear that every bit of than at present. The leadership of the Christian help that the sending countries may be able to movement in many countries, particularly in Asia, provide will be needed in an enterprise far sur- is passing from the "older" to the "younger" passing even the most strenuous exertions. churches. On the side of the "older" churches there will be a generous acknowledgment of the Syncretism has always been a lurking danger particular responsibility of those "younger" when Christianity was confronting foreign re- churches and an unreserved willingness to give ligions; even so, agnosticism was a danger when them full scope for the development of their yet the young Christian religion for the first time untried forces and inexperienced methods, even emerged into the world of Greek philosophy. if their ways sometimes may seem curious and Wide-spread relativism also resulted from the not very practical. The older generation of the rapprochement of Christianity, Islam and Juda- missionaries has learned much from its failures ism at the time of the crusades. Similar syncre- and mistakes. There are many complicated ques- tistic tendencies will be unavoidable in the mixing tions with regard to church property, colleges, and meddling of various types of religions and universities, hospitals, literary undertakings, and philosophies at the present age. Perhaps at no other establishments and organizations, where time has there been greater need for a hallowed knotty problems are to be solved through further theology soundly based on the divine revelation in cooperation; this includes the handing over of Holy Scripture; the task of the theological fac- partial or complete ownership to the "younger" ulties at home and abroad was never more urgent churches, and maintenance of their original scope. than in the present emergency. Often there will be a wide divergence of the opin- ions, or even convictions, on both sides; their In view of the world-wide issues, the dwindling readjustment needs an exceptional measure of missionary forces, the threatening hindrances, sanctified common sense in an unbiased considera- and the overwhelming tasks to be solved, our con- tion of the common end in view. Even if all fidence is only in the Lord of lords. "younger" churches, which are at present in the It is Thy cause, Lord Jesus Christ, The cause on which we stand, And as Thy cause alone, in the end it cannot fail.

DR. CARROLL'S CODE AT EIGHTY * [EDITOR'S NOTE: In publishing the following "Code" exactly as it has came to us-title and all~t is perhaps necessary to say that "Carroll" is Rev. Charles W. Carroll, D.D., Superintendent Emeritus of the Middle Atlantic Cowference, widely knrYWn u,nd well beloved throughout the Congregu,tional !ellow'ship. The "Code" has worked so well in his case thu,t it may be wisely c01nmended to others.] I. BE PREPARED to live in an imperfect world filled with imperfect people. Never become embittered by any calamity; even the death of your beloved. For these things must come.

II. START OUT to live a victorious life. Like Paul, smile in the face of every disaster. Never whine. III. FIT YOURSELF for an occupation which you love. Then learn to work and play and pray, and live the Jesus way. IV. GIVE YOUR BODY and mind every possible chance to get and to retain their normal vigor. Avoid all enslaving habits. Be a free man, or woman, even in this cigaret age. V. KEEP FIT; Think straight; Get a competence; Found a home; Find a faith. VI. SET OUT TO FIND and to stress the good in the world and in the people. Recognize evil only when you can mend it. Be an inveterate optimist. VII. PLAN TO HELP all needy folk you meet, by helping them into self-mastery. Ask little; give much; and make all the people with whom you come in contact glad they have met you. VIII. FEAR NOTHING but sin. An honest man or woman has nothing to fear, for he or she is guilty of nothing. The worst the world can do with such a person is to hasten his death. Soon or late that comes to everyone. Fear is our most enervating foe. Perfect love casteth out all fear. IX. BEHOLD a personal Father in all nature: His tender love in the sunshine and the flowers; His magnificent power in the tempest. Let His world teach you beauty and strength. X. TRUST GOD in every experience of this life; and fall on eternal sleep assured that the mystery of the future is in the keeping of One who loves you with a perfect love.

"I know not where God's islands lift Their fronded palms in air; I only know I cannot drift Beyond His love and care."

• From The Congregationalist.

Youth Looks at

By the REV. CHAS. A. PLATT, ~,­ East Orange, New Jersey I Assistant Minister of the Munn Avenue Church A CONFERENCE table! Around it are gath- effect he has upon the personal, social and political ered a group of twenty young people of lives of the people, and what motivating power college age or older. They have come to- sent him there in the first place. 'These are factgether to begin a study of some definite religious finding queries, not argumentative footballs to be topic each week during the winter. What sub- kicked about a conference table. They lead to a ject will best enable us to view Christianity in the greater understanding of the whole enterprise and face of today's problems? Is Christ's faith and are fundamental in determining questions of pol- life being carried along by the momentum it icy after the subject is mastered. To argue gathered in a by-gone age, or has Christianity whether missions are good or bad is to attempt to within itself a power strong enough to face our determine a policy before we know the problem.

materialistic world? Every thinking person will agree, regardless of To answer such questions we must view Chris- his other convictions on the subject, that the mis- tianity on the frontier where it stands or falls on sionary enterprise is the most unselfish activity its own merits. Stripped of local tradition, and in the world. Any man who will bury himself in having been transplanted into a new philosophical the heart of a jungle, or lose himself in the midst and social climate, one could see the workings of of a hostile mining community, without thought the Christian enterprise in its primary stages. of remuneration or recognition, is certainly un- This is just what the group wanted. What better selfish in the true sense of the word. Therefore, vantage point could be found than to look at he must have been spurred on by a great ideal or Christianity through the eyes of the missionary? loyalty which would cause him to make stich a Thus we began a year's course in missions. It sacrifice. What is that ideal? How effectively was not a select group, but one which could be has he been able to realize it? Has that ideal duplicated in a hundred different communities. helped or hindered the people to whom he has There was no common background, except youth gone? These questions point out the path which and new-found friendships, There were eight col- leads to truth.

leges represented by actual students, and a larger Youth is making a valiant attempt to fit the number of institutions by alumni. But from this whole missionary enterprise into the picture of varied background and experience, there arose one international relations. In so doing, he finds one strong common bond-interest in missions. of the strongest arguments in favor of Christian Our first question was, "Do you believe in for- mISSIOns. One glance at the panorama of this eign missions?" Instead of the usual thoughtless modern world reveals how much closer together answer, "There's too much to be done at home," people are living now than in any previous genthe group replied, "How can we know what we eration. The old world of Africa and Asia is believe or do not believe until we know something no longer a month's or year's journey by land and more about the subj ect?" They had found the sea. The peoples and problems of these lands are key to understanding the missionary enterprise. a part of our daily life. We read the news, we Before making up' their minds, either for or see the pictures, we think of them as neighbors. against the great work, they determined to study We recognize the folly of any attempt on the part the subject from an inductive point of view. of America to live a self-contained, self-sufficient When youth looks at missions he does not neces- life. We must approach the other peoples of the sarily argue. In fact, if he does, he is apt to world as_ part of one great family. This implies spend all of his time polishing arguments instead industrial and political intercourse. Should'it not of searching for truth. Therefore, to approach also mean religious fellowship?

the subject from an inductive point of view is the Youth reasons that if we are sufficiently inter- most helpful because it is the most progressive. ested in Africa to develop its natural resources We want to know, says youth, what the mission- and use it as a market for industry, why should ary does for a community, what he teaches, what we not be just as much interested in sharing with [416 ] these people what we believe to be the best phase view of our religion opens the door to a blessed of our civilization, namely, Christ and His teach- faith. ings? Too often the industrialization of a primi- tive land means its exploitation. We too often Then there arises a more batHing problem. send our worst; let us also send our best. The What about missions and Christianity's modern balance of influence must favor righteous living competitors? No ancient religion is encroaching . and the ideals of brotherhood if America is to upon the realm of Christianity, but materialism, build for a better future. rationalism and secularism are its most potent enemies. How does Christianity measure up when Youth is idealistic. He is seeking to adjust his confronted with Communism, Fascism, or ma- thinking and his actions to the ide:;tls which he terialistic humanism? What has the religion of cherishes. And in missions he sees a purely un- Christ to offer a world just awakening socially selfish attempt to help make mankind better. He and industrially? In many a mission land, the sees other religions holding civilizations on the modern trend is away from its established reli- low level of ignorance, hatred, indifference, gion-Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, or Confucian- selfishness, and Christianity raising humanity in ism. Will the people of such a land embrace to- every instance to higher levels. Christ-through talitarianism, a superpatriotism, an aggressive His missionary-must be the answer-the only nationalism, or Christianity?

answer. Is the moderp youth interested in missions? Religion is a complex thing in even its simplest Of course he is! He loves romance, he longs for news from strange places and about strange peo- forms. Yet behind its outward aspects and within pIe; he thrills at courageous adventure; and the its ramifications, there seem to be two funda- fire of his interest is kindled anew by reports that mentals absolutely necessary for effective life and stimulate his imagination. Paint a vivid picture fellowship with God: They are sincerity and of life on the Tibetan frontier or in the wilds of truth. Without the former in the heart of the Africa, or a winter in northern Alaska, or among believer and the latter at the heart of the religion, the Indians in the great southwest, and you have there can be no real progress to higher things. captivated youth. Give him facts, something defi- Youth takes these two principles and uses them nite to cling to; give him a practical, working ap- as a test of all religions. He sees evidences of the plication of the abstract truth in religion. He sincerity of millions who worship a multitude of wants to be definite, he wants to know. Expose gods. He sees some truth in every faith, but him to the Christian missionary enterprise and amid them all, he sees faith in Christ as the reve- you bring his soul closer to the Kingdom of God. lation of God standing far above and beyond the others. He sees in that faith a basis for an THE SCULPTOR OF THE SOUL eternal hope which spurs men on, and a love which is as broad as humanity itself. As the sculptor works in wood and stone I would devote myself to the living soul. Let there be no mistake. Youth also sees many But I face the solemn thought that the sculptor evidences of insincerity, hypocrisy, sham, and in- difference hiding beneath the cloak of Christian- cannot carve either in wood or in stone any- ity. But being idealistic, he recognizes these thing better than himself. faults as evidence of human weakness rather than All the lines of my carving as signs of theological fallacy. Christianity, he Will but reveal my own soul. says, is the true solution of the world's problems, Gazing at my hand, at my chisel, I shudder. and the work of Christian missions is the .method How long will it take for this human sculpture by which its frontiers are advanced. which I can never carve better or finer than my own soul? .Furthermore, the missionary approach to reli- How shall I escape! how escape from my pitiable, gion is the positive approach. It counterbalances limited self, and rise to become a carver of the vast amount of current religious argument. God! In a very real sense this approach is the evan- gelistic approach. It must be. No youth can Happily there is a guide for me, understand Christian missions until he has probed One Who has opened the door of the sanctuary, deeply into the positive statements of faith with One Who in His living flesh which the successful missionary is armed. He Has given us an Image of the living God. must understand and know the importance of hav- ing great convictions about the Sovereignty of -Toyohiko Kagawa. God; the Person of Christ and His Mission; about sin and the needs of men; as to divine power and the place of the Holy Spirit. Such a

Filipino Superstitions

I -&( By MASON LOWE, Mount Vernon, Iowa I)at- ~==============================~ T HE break between the older and younger In the same province an image of the Virgin in generations today is very noticeable in the one of the churches was supposed to have the Philippines. Newspapers, magazines, schools miraculous power of showing approval or disapand churches, travel, and contact with foreigners, proval of the parishioners by a change in its facial have caused the younger, educated young people expression. Generous contributions to the church to discard most of the superstitions harmful to caused the image to assume a benignant expres- progress, but some of these still crop up and oc- sion. Immoral acts brought on an expression of casionally are a positive menace. sadness. The image was reputed to wander Many superstitions are connected with animals around the streets at night, watching over the and nature. The enormous ant hills that one sees village and protecting its inhabitants. In proof when traveling thrpugh the country are objects the people pointed to a small burr which appeared of superstition, and the peasants give them wide on the hem of the virgin's gown on the mornings berth when working in the fields. Owls and but- after her expeditions.

terflies are very much feared, especially if they One older high school student, who was acting come into the house. The tiny house lizard is as a supply pastor in a Protestant church in one regarded as a symbol of longevity, and houses of the isolated districts, went to a town in the are full of them. Their cries are supposed to hills. In the rainy season the town was particuforecast the coming of a visitor or some other larly susceptible to floods and this year the river unusual event. was especially threatening. The Roman Catholic Sneezing is looked upon as a bad omen. A de- priests took advantage of the situation by telling vout woman will always cross herself and mutter the people that the floods were a punishment from a prayer before going down steps. God because some of them had been listening to Everywhere night is considered favorable to a Protestant preacher.

demons. The aswang is an evil spirit that is be- Certain magic is known as anting-anting, and lieved to go abroad at night looking for victims. its medicine men are called arbolarios. Anting- Like the "banshee," he can be heard wailing on anting includes belief in incantations, amulets, windy nights. During the day he may assume and black magic. One of the more harmless forms some familiar shape such as that of a pig, a dog, is the belief that on first entering a new town one or a monkey. This may account for the fact that should taste a handful of earth from that town Filipinos, usually not over humane, are careful so as not to become homesick. In some districts not to harm certain animals. the more ignorant people find it difficult to dis- Just as the ignorant American mothers fright- tinguish between anting-anting and Christianity.

en crying children by telling them that the gypsy A constabulary officer was sent to investigate will get them, so does the ignorant Filipino fright- the activities of a certain young "wonder-healer"

en hers, using the "Bombay" as the bugaboo. The who was attracting hundreds of people with his "Bombays" are big hairy, turbaned Sikhs who cures. The officer, a graduate of the public high travel the countryside carrying packs on their schools and of the academy for the training of backs, the contents of which they peddle about. constabulary officers, took his wife, who suffered Many people, even high school students, attribute from headaches, along to consult the apo before crimes and misdemeanors to "Bombays" or per- proceeding with the investigation.

sons with an evil spirit. The apo, a psychopathic case, began to have Superstitions vary greatly according to locality. visions from God demanding that he cure people, In one place near Manila I found practically none. by touching them and prescribing a bottle of soda In another province my students were contin- water. The vendors of soda water wheeled their ually quoting local taboos. A senior high school carts up to the house and did a thriving business.

girl, who was absent one day, on her return ex- Anting-anting is also used as first aid to jilted plained that the night before she had seen a ghost lovers.

and had to go to bed. A mixture of salt and Many of the beliefs in the Islands have their garlic, rubbed on her body, had made her immune counterparts in other countries. Riding with a from harm! Filipino friend in a district only a few miles from [418 ]

IF I WERE BLACK

Manila, I passed through a rather out-of-the-way adds: "It is hoped that the people can be induced village near Laguna de Bay, which specializes in to eat them as the Tagalogs do. Bulletins describwitchcraft. Many old people can be hired to do ing their preparation can be obtained from the harm to an enemy. They make wax effigies, and Bureau of Agriculture." after mumbling incantations stick pins into the effigy or melt it over a slow fire. The torture that When a typhoon and earthquake almost wiped the enemy undergoes corresponds to the treatment out the town of J 010, a serious outbreak against of the images. the government followed and many soldiers and Moros were killed. The Filipino reporter who The minority races in the Philippines present went to investigate the situation, sent back word their own peculiar problems. For example, some that the Moros were disturbed because they be- Moros in Mindanao caused trouble for Bureau of lieved that the catastrophes came as a punish- Agriculture officials who were sent there to try ment from God because their spiritual and temto control the locust pest. Believing that the lo- poral head, the Sultan of Sulu, had taken to cigacusts are protected by Saint Augustine, the Moros ret smoking and cabaret frequenting while he was were doing their best to prevent the officials from supposed to be attending to his legislative duties exterminating them. The newspaper dispatch in Manila.

If I Were Black* By LEILA AVERY ROTHENBURGER The Wife of the Pastor of 'the Third Christian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana A VERY alert and widely read Pullman porter more," in which he tells of the chilling blight of told me that he would hate to be a white racial hatred as it falls upon the heart of an erst- man. His reason, stated without trace of while happy lad of eight. It is this downright rancor, was that while the Negro has a hard time meanness, passed on to child from parent, that I physically and economically he does not in addi- should not be able to endure unless indeed my soul tion have to battle his own meanness. It was an had wings. evaluation of the relative spiritual calibers of two races. I am the wife of a minister, belong to the so- called middle class, university trained, and I am About four years ago I listened to a Christian rearing a family. Suppose my skin were black? Endeavor group discuss the question, "Would you How would the picture change? As a family we rather be born black or blind?" Concentric circles would sink in the scale of living. We would be of thought produced by that incident are still wid- forced to move into a neighborhood much less deening in my brain. If I were black? Trying to fit sirable. Economically we would sink to the verge into this mood I have read books, searched tables of poverty. If my children were to continue their of statistics, listened to speakers white and black, education I would have to join my husband as a made a seminar journey into the Southland and wage earner. Culturally we would be cut off from repeatedly have found myself submerged in a sea practically every fine feature of advancement and of discouraging facts. entertainment that the city offers, other than the public library. Many of these facts the whites need to know in order that they may understand how underprivi- I begin to list Negro families I know in which leged the Negro is physically, economically and the parents are trained folk – doctors, teachers, culturally. But when all such facts have been religious workers; people whose positions are inpresented, I am inclined to think that, if I were dicative of their character and preparation. black, it would not be these handicaps that would concern me most. They would no doubt worry The first is a dentist who maintains a home me but they would not crush my heart. The thing comparable, in this case even as to location, to that would dishearten me is that which is made mine. Recently during the illness of the little vocal for us in Countee Cullen's poem, "In Balti- child in that home, the mother, unable to leave, telephoned to the nearest grocery, explained the • From World Oall for February. 1935. situation and asked that certain much-needed articles be delivered at her door. The grocer re-

fused. The delivery boy, touched by sympathy, Negro came in and, after purchasing and paying surreptitiously took the things to the mother. for several articles, asked for a soda. In a voice that could be heard by everyone present the clerk Next Miss X comes to mind. She is a univer- said, "If you want a soda you'll have to go outside sity graduate and a high school teacher. When to drink it." "Green Pastures" was booked to appear in my city, the theater sent letters to all high school I am not presenting an argument with reference teachers urging them to see this remarkable play to the policy of the drug store or the above-menby an all-Negro cast. Unable to go herself but tioned theater. We are dealing with this matter thinking the invitation sincere, Miss X notified a of meanness. If commercial concerns are going friend who would want to see the play. This per- to pursue the segregation policy, why are they not son ordered a ticket by mail and on the afternoon decent enough to do it when it means the loss of before the performance made a trip of one hun- money as well as of what they think is social dred twenty-five miles to the theater. At the door status? she was refused admittance because her ticket was for a part of the theater where a Negro might not Could This Happen? venture and the limited section to which they were restricted was sold out. A member of the board Not long ago the Federal Council of Churches of management of a large Y. W. C. A., and an- put out a pamphlet entitled Could This Happen in other high school teacher had the same experi- Your Community? We studied the leaflet and ence. They were free to walk the streets while found it all too easy to duplicate the instances of they meditated upon the land with "liberty and human meanness that the dominant race in our justice for all." land shows to its minority groups.

Do you remember the thrill that was yours as a But why go on? Such a recital always irritates child when you rode on a merry-go-round; how certain groups who either accuse one of being you picked out the particular charger you desired sentimental or fling back with, "Why don't you to ride? The tantalizing music set your toes danc- tell the good things the whites are doing?" The ing. Pictures of lovely ladies whirled by so fast fine things done are blazed forth. If I were black you could not tell which was the loveliest. It was I should try to talk about them more; being white hard to watch both the ladies and the horses. I need to find where I am at fault. When your turn came, how you wished that nickels grew on bushes that you might ride and ride. I am concerned to know what I would do if day My third name is that borne by a little lad who after day such things had to be faced. For a long gazed with shining eyes a long summer through. time I halted between the pronouncements of two Why could not he ride? Rather than tell him his other gentlemen whom I might have quoted in father took him along on a trip to New York. At preference to the Pullman porter. One of them Coney Island the ride went on and on until the is the late Dr. John Hope whose sensitive face pocketbook was cleaned of the last nickel, but comes to mind as he says, when speaking of a rewhether the lad or the watching father enjoyed it buff, "Such things are so common in our lives more only the gods can tell. This father is a that they no longer cause resentment, only fatrained executive, head of an institution that is tigue." The other is Dr. W. E. B. DuBois who, doing a most constructive work in community up- looking us squarely in the eyes, speaks in his beaulift. Judged by his training and what that train- tiful, well-clipped English, "We grant you whites ing is doing for the civic body, his child should superiority in only one thing, the technique of have every right that mine has. If I were black, personal insult." it would be denials of a child's right to happiness that would give me the Pullman porter philosophy. If I were black would I be able to show the world a face beautiful as an etching with suffer- Speaking of the child brings to mind the case ing and weary patience? Or would I, with an asthat runs the closest parallel with mine. It is a surance born of the knowledge that I was right, minister's home. Both parents are college trained hurl the javelins of bitter truth? Or would I goodand shepherding a large church. One of the chil- naturedly give thanks that I was not born into a dren has defective eyesight. I can think of noth- race whose soul is mean? ing that I as a mother would struggle so hard to keep for my child as that bit of precious vision. When I repeated the Pullman porter's sentence When the one class for the conservation of eye- to a well-known Negro writer there came a sudsight was opened this child was rejected because den illumination of the face that told me this eval- her skin is brown. uation of the white race struck a responsive chord.

One intolerably hot day we sat cooling ourselves Is it true? Do I belong to a race whose soul is in one of the well-known chain drug stores. A mean? Carrying in my mind's mirror the faces of a Hope, a DuBois, a Negro poet and a Pullman porter, I am not at ease.

STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS, ISSUED FOR

A blank was sent to the officials of the communions named below and the statistics are from their replies. Gifts reported are from living donors. Interest and legacies are not included. Budget benevolences are those in the denominational national budget. Denominational benevolences include budget benevolences and such other contributions as are made for denominational missionary and beneficent work outside of the budget. The statistics are for the denominational fiscal year.

The column headed "Total Gifts for All Purposes" in some cases contains gifts from living donors which were given either for non-budget denominational benevolences or for non- and interdenominational benevolences, and there is no method of dividing them.

PER CAPITA GIFTS I .,TOTAL GIFTS :IIi , ., gj '§6 1&::>lc'b1 ~1 oo I ..!.6 I Q:,6 r:>.:<I I I '0": >'I r:.:I 13 .. >'I 'E~ 10 Ii'; "'0": .A0.O.,:>f"f'iI ! I i I I … -3 ,,0":0": .0.".. :~- : <il .E <il <il -.3. I ~0§:-oo I <il I .."0: IA>'I ~~0~'"I ! 0: Communion Itl 0: 0: oo "0: ! I I 0: I I p"'"o", '" .>.".'I,I~~ :3~ :3~ ~ & I :3 00 "" I""'" ,s;;1 "'" " '"§"~ ! """00 & do: I0 >."..'I, ~"; I -e:;;;8 0 '":a "0 rgs:lO'J 0"0,1O""l ,"00 I I A I 0~:.,=,0.;: I J"''l"."< 00 ">'I " ""0"10'1" , «Is:l~1 ""oo I ,13 .. '§-3 "" , '" ~.2 ~ ~:3~ i ."'0" '0 '"'" ~~s:l "0":0": , Jl.< """ g 1°0:~ 0'" 0"0,:0"": § ~I :::: "0 00 0: ": _" I 010<:> I :;a 13 "0 Z A Z I 0 I "'1 ">'I I o"Ol 00 ' " :;";: I 01 liZ< !Z ;.< I Baptist, Northern ……………………. $1.55 1 $1.59 . ….. $9.74 $11.341 $2,290,247.00 $65,611.00 , 1,480,231 April 30, 1935 4,277,052 April 30, 1935 $0.04 , $2,355,858.00 ……………. $14,423,290.00 $16,779,148.00 Baptist, Southern ……………………. 0.99 …… I 0.99 …… 4.77 5.76 4,251,668.00 ……………. 4,251,668.00 ……………. 20,401,608.00 24,653,276.00 Brethren, Church of …………………. 1.22 0.63 1.86 $0.44 6.28 8.58 195,376.00 100,000.00 295,376.00 $70,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,365,376.00 159,128 Feb. 28, 1935 Brethren in Christ, United …………… 1.37 3.641 1.73 1.84 8.81 10.72 562,505.00 147,556.00 710,061.00 75,520.00 3,609,181. 00 4,394,762.00 409,874 Oct. I, 1935 1,443,942.00 157,799.00 1,601,761.00 512,816.00 13,305,260.00 15,419,837.00 Congregational and Christian ………… 1.42 0.15 1.57 0.50 13.00 15.00 1,029,002 1934 Disciples of Christ ……………………. 0.86 0.33 1.19 0.06 6.39 6.64 1,899,068.06 529,347.12 1,928,415.18 90,000.00 8,727,830.00 10,746,245.18 1,618,832 June 30, 1935 1,833,651.00 1,608,338.00 Episcopal, Protestant ……………….. 0.90 0.78 1.68 …… 13.31 14.99 3,441,989.00 ……………. 27,134,440.00 30,576,429.00' 2,038,477 1934 Evangelical Church …………………… 1.58 0.92 2.50 0.51 15.23 18.24 370,417.00 214,938.00 585,355.00 118,932.00 3,559,600.00 4,263,887.00 233,792 Aug. 31, 1935 3,310,817.73 3,836,340.63 281,598 Jan. 31, 1935 Evangelical Synod of N. A. ………….. 1.34 0.51 1.85 0.02 11.75 13.62 378,334.08 142,933.37 521,267.45 4,255.45 11,626,185.00 13,834,729.00 1,066,686 Dec. 31, 1934 9,860,727.00 12,093,094.00 994,366 Dec. 31, 1934 Lutheran Church, United …………….. …… …… 2.07 …… 10.90 12.97 ……………. ……….. , …. 2,208,544.00 ……………. 9,974,492.00 12,726,618.00 981,588 Dec. 31, 1934 Lutheran Conference, American ………. …… …… 85,125 Dec. 31, 1934 2.25 …… 9.92 12.17 ……………. ……………. 2,232,367.00 ……………. 583,240.00 737,760.00 Lutheran Conference, Synodical ……… …… …… 2.80 …… 10.16 12.96 ……………. ……………. 2,752,126.00 . …………… Lutheran, Other Synods ……………… …… …… 1.82 …… 6.85 8.67 ……………. ……………. 154,520.00 …………….

Methodist Episcopal ………………….. 1.61 0.12 1.72 0.15 12.27 14.151 5,966,817.00 435,745.00 6,402,562.00 560,805.00 45,560,265.00 52,523,632.00 3,711,702 May 31, 1934 1.64 0.67 2.31 0. 191 6.85 9.36, 18,695,683.00 25,533,820.00 2,727,485 Dec. 31, 1934 Methodist Episcopal, South ………….. 3.70 0. 191 15.90 19.791 4,476,217.00 1,843,420.00 6,319,637.00 518,500.00 3.70 …… 274,940.30 342,247.67 17,294 Dec. 31, 1934 Moravian, North …………………….. 4.52 …… 22.25 26.77 63,970.46 . …………… 63,970.46 3,336.91 2,489,800.00 2,995,572.00 111,905 Dec. 31, 1934 1.78 2.73 2,579,253.00 3,866,908.00 179,338 Mar. 31, 1935 Nazarene, Church of …………………. 4.85 1.85 6.70 0.48 14.88 21.56 199,664.00 806,108.00 505,772.00 ……………. 6,626,358.00 9,086,068.00 477,467 Mar. 31, 1935 Presbyterian, United …………………. 4.26 0.70 29,186,135.00 35,655,536.00 1,920,897 Mar. 31, 1935 Presbyterian, U. S. …………………… 2.55 0.82' 4.96' 0.19 13.88 19.03 868,893.00 333,352.00 1,202,245.00 85,410.00 Presliyterian, U. S. A………………… 3.37 …… 15.19 18.56 2,032,248.00 336,238.00 2,368,486.00 91,224.00 4,899,762.00 1,569,639.00 6,469,401.00 …………….

Reformed In America …………………. 3.15 0.15 3.29 0.59 17.58 21.46 503,902.00 23,351.00 527,253.00 94,048.00 2,814,040.00 5,435,341.00 160,065 April 30, 1935 Reformed in United States ……………. 1 1.52 0.73 2.25 0.14 10.25 12.64 527,986.01 254,968.80 782,954.81 48,118.19 3,568,769.00 4,399,842.00 348,189 Dec. 31, 1934 222,975.00 33,488.52 861,726.21 1,118,189.73 56,600 Sept. 30, 1935 Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec 3.95 0.51 4.53 …… 15.20 19.10 488,832.00 88,867.00 256,463.52 ……………. 3,026,704.00 179,548 Jan. 31, 1935 Presbyterian In Canada ………………. 2.73 0.50 3.22 …… 13.51 16. 74 1 2,424,937.00 577,699.00 …………….

United Church of Canada …………….. -3.-57 -0.-11 3.68 0.34 13.92 17.95 2,244,346.00 71,199.00 2,315,545.00 216,734.00 8,748,858.00 11,281,137.00 Ii 628,614 Dec. 31, 1934 $8,262,898.81 $50,831,296.42 — — — 1 $2,489,699.55 $251,347,435.24 i $304,692,499.21 25,174,855 …………….

$1.60 $0.47 $2.02 $0.21 $9.98 $12.10[ $35,220,820.61 Compiled for the United Stewardship Council, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New' York City, January. 1936.

l421 J

Notable

JAMES L. BARTON accustomed to say with great emphasis, "The missionaries are the Board in action." The thirty-three years of Dr. James L. Barton's service as Foreign Secretary of the Ameri- This attitude, and his eager interest in the work can Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- of each individual missionary under his care sions, almost exactly covered the time of the greatly endeared Dr. Barton to the workers on mighty forward surge in missionary giving of the field. A little incident illustrates this attitude. men and of money that came with the growth of Early in my own missionary career I had written the Student Volunteer Movement. He was pe- an article for our missionary paper in India, and culiarly fitted in mind and spirit to enter into and to my surprise and delight I received a letter playa leading part in just such a great epoch of from Dr. Barton expressing appreciation and sug- gesting that I write more. In his busy career he advance as that in which he lived. had found time not only to read this paper from The passing of this great Christian in Brook- India, but to write a friendly note to a young line, Massachusetts, on July 21st calls to mind mIssIOnary. When we missionaries came home this remarkable period of the Christian Church we always found Dr. Barton's door open to us.

in which he was a conspicuous leader. Even though his program of work was so crowded Dr. Barton responded to the missionary call that it meant burning midnight oil, he allowed no missionary to feel that he did not have abundant while a student at Hartford Theological Seminary time to talk with him and share his problems. and went to Turkey as a missionary in 1885. He was of tbe stock and background of Northern He was always a missionary at heart. As foreign New England and had the combination of deep secretary he carried into his work the convictions religious devotion, strong common sense and vig- he had gained as a missionary, and gave effective orous executive ability that the hard soil of New encouragement to the development of strong na- England has sometimes produced. In his delight- tive churches, and of educational institutions ful "Recollections," printed in the Missionary Her- which would be qualified to train native leaderald in 1927, he tells us that he went to the field ship.

without any special missionary preparation, so Another great principle in his program was his that at least there was not a great deal for him emphasis on union efforts. He early discovered to unlearn. the loss that came through division, and he never Evidently he brought to his work the same alert could understand why all Protestant churches on openmindedness that has been an outstanding the field should not be united. He realized the characteristic throughout his entire life. He was associated with strong missionaries and native importance of union in education and was a conleaders and quickly learned that missions must spicuous and effective promoter of union colleges and theological seminaries. '

be a cooperative enterprise between these two Many vigorous and significant higher educa- groups, conducted on terms of complete equality. tional institutions on the field today, some under He also soon became' a convinced believer that a the American Board alone but more under union self-supporting, self-governing and self-propagat- boards of trustees or under independent manage- ing church is at the heart of the missionary pro- ment, owe a great debt to Dr. Barton. These form gram, and, a little later, that higher education is a remarkable and enduring monument. important for the development of leadership in As we would expect from a man of his cath- such a church. olic spirit, cooperative planning among the boards When Dr. Barton was called to be foreign sec- at home found in him a strong supporter. He was retary of the American Board in 1894 he hesi- one of the prominent leaders of the Foreign Mistated a long time before accepting, saying that sions Conference of North America. he regarded his missionary career as primary, Dr. Barton's work as foreign secretary early but the health of Mrs. Barton made it necessary took him on deputations to Japan and to India for them to stay in America and he finally ac- and Ceylon, and later to China. With keen incepted. For the third of a century during which sight and sympathy he entered into the life and he was foreign secretary he gave primary place problems of these lands and in the process himto the mission and the native church, regarding self grew to the stature of a world citizen. Indeed his own function as largely that of advocate and this became one of Dr. Barton's most distinctive promoter of the work for whose policies and con- characteristics. He was a man whose heart and duct they were primarily responsible. He was mind habitually took in the world.

[422 ] The combination of great qualities in Dr. Bar- portant place it held in the interest of the Chris- ton gave him a position of influence with leaders of American life. He was at home with statesmen tian public. and presidents as well as with business men and philanthropists. He awakened in men of large The period of financial depression came after business such a sense of confidence in his wisdom and such a desire to share in the enterprises that Dr. Barton had retired as foreign secretary and he laid before them, that they entrusted to the Board millions of dollars largely to build and en- put his policies to the severest test. I have just dow educational institutions in which he was in- terested. returned from a trip to many of the missions in He also had the art of putting into clear and which Dr. Barton was most deeply interested and DR. JAMES L. BARTON can say with assurance that the principles for convincing form the appeal of the world-wide which he worked have stood this test. The higher Christian enterprise. His first book, "The Mis- sionary and His Critics" was effective in break- educational institutions were so well founded that ing down prejudice and winning support. "The Unfinished Task," written for the Student Vol- they have continued to carryon and some of them unteer Movement was a powerful marshaling of the appeal of missions. "Daybreak in Turkey" even to go forward. The leadership training has and "The Christian Approach to Islam" were careful studies of particular areas of effort. In been done so well that many nationals have taken these and other books and in many articles for a great variety of magazines and for the daily over work formerly carried by missionaries and . press, Dr. Barton played a conspicuous part in giving the missionary enterprise the vitally im- the churches have assumed heavy new duties.

The opening of the War brought a new chal- lenge to Dr. Barton's leadership through the suf- ferings it brought to peoples of the Near East.

With characteristic ability Dr. Barton helped to organize the Near East Relief, of which he was chairman throughout its life. This great under- taking won warm support from Jew, Catholic and Protestant in America as well as from all the governments concerned. It raised and spent tens of millions of dollars and saved the lives of un- counted thousands of suffering people. Dr. Bar- ton was also prominent in organizing and con- ducting the Near East Foundation growing out of the Near East Relief and carrying on perma- nent service in that great area.

Up to the time of his death Dr. Barton was a member of many boards on which he was render- ing service of high order. His mind was alert and resourceful to the end. He was a great op- timist. That was a principal element in his strength. But his optimism was not the result of shallow thinking. It was deep-rooted in the character of God. It was his living faith in the God of Christ that made it possible to face even the hell of war experiences in the Near East and still to believe in the coming of God's Kingdom among men. There is nothing that the Christian Church needs today more than men of such deep- rooted, contagious faith as that of James L. Bar- ALDEN H. CLARK. * ton.

BISHOP LLOYD Arthur Selden Lloyd was a Twentieth Century saint. His saintliness was manifested by aware- ness of God in every phase of human life and by power to help others realize spiritual possibilities.

Born near Alexandria, Virginia, in 1857, his young boyhood was spent amid the anxieties and sacrifices resulting from the war between the North and South. As a youth he shared the physi- cal and spiritual agonies of the reconstruction • Secretary of the American Board.

period. That he came through it all with a loving telling of its successes and failures and calling heart, is sufficient indication of the quality of his upon his fellow churchmen to pray, to give their soul. He intended to study law but the influence children and their money, and to ally themselves of an older brother, who was finding joy in the with God's purpose for the world. He became a minis,try of the Church, led him to enter the Vir- great missionary to the conscience of the church. ginia Theological Seminary instead of the Uni- The old miracle was repeated-the dry bones beversity Law School. gan to live.

After five years service in rural mission In 1906-07 Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd visited the mischurches, he was called, in 1885, to St. Luke's sions in Japan, China, the Philippines and Hawaii, church, one of the smaller parishes of Norfolk, as well as some of the Church of England work Virginia. The fifteen years that followed were a in India. He found little to criticize, but much to period of unconscious preparation for tasks that be thankful for in the spirit of the missionaries, lay ahead. St. Luke's grew into the largest and and in the sound planning of the leaders. On the most active parish in the city, but better still it other hand, his rare gift of understanding, his became a parish whose rector and people were quick sympathy and his self-identification with known throughout the Southland as devoted dis- the workers, won their lasting affection and stimciples of Christ and eager to serve their fellow ulated them to do their best. They realized that men. "Mr. Lloyd," as he was affectionately they had a champion at the Home Base who unknown, became one of Norfolk's first citizens, and derstood them and the cause to which they had his walks through the business districts were con- given their all. Reinforced by first hand knowlstantly interrupted by the men of his congrega- edge, Dr. Lloyd returned enthusiastically to the tion and others who wanted a word with the "Par- work of arousing the church to the greatness of son." His influence with young men especially is her opportunity. evidenced by the number who were led by him to enter the ministry, and who are doing solid work In the period from 1904-1908, Dr. Lloyd was today in various parts of the country. elected successively to the episcopate by the Dio- ceses of Mississippi, Kentucky, Southern Virginia Arthur Selden Lloyd always taught his people and Maryland. Convinced though he was, of the that their church has a world-wide mission to high and important character of the office of bishmake our Lord known, and his intensive work in op in the church, Dr. Lloyd felt it his duty to dethe diocese was stimulated and balanced by a cline these successive calls to the bishopric, in world outlook. In 1899 he was elected to be Gen- order to continue in his missionary post. When, eral Secretary of the Board of Managers of the however, in 1909, his home Diocese of Virginia Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the elected him to be Bishop-Coadjutor, he felt Episcopal Church, whose work has been lan- obliged to accept. The following year the Board guishing for lack of spiritual conviction and fi- of Missions recommended a recasting of the adnancial support. There were some rare leaders ministrative machinery and at the triennial Genand faithful workers in the mission fields over- eral Convention of the Church in 1910 Bishop seas and at home. They faced boundless opportu- Lloyd, by a large majority was elected president nities in the field, but when they looked to the of the Board of Missions with increased executive home church they saw but half-hearted concern. authority. The office of General Secretary had been vacant for more than two years, and four men had suc- There followed a decade of notable constructive cessively declined to take up the task. To Arthur work. Bishop Lloyd visited the African mission Lloyd the action of .the Board was the call of the and on his return he devoted himself to two Church and, through it, the call of God. With major projects: one provided for a further addetermination to give himself to the work with- ministrative reorganization of all the general acout reserve, he entered upon his duties at the tivities of the church under one authority, known National Headquarters in New York City. The as "the Presiding Bishop and the National Countechnique of the task was new, but its aim and cil," the other called upon the church as a whole purpose had been the guiding principles of all to move forward to a "Nation-Wide Campaign" his ministry-to win men and women to dis- for the development of all its resources, spiritual cipleship to their Lord and Saviour. That, he and material for the extension of the Kingdom of asserted, is the mission of the Church. What men God. When these two projects were adopted by sometimes slightingly call "missions" are sim- the General Convention of 1919, Bishop Lloyd ply the means by which the mission of the Church retired from full time administration of national is to be realized. work but continued to be an invaluable member of the Department of Missions and of the Ameri- For six years he traveled widely over the United can Church Institute for Negroes. States, interpreting the mission of the Church, As Bishop Manning truly said: "His life was

TWO NOTABLE LEADERS

an inspiration and example to all of us. In the A OHINESE EVANGELIST diocese of New York to which he was elected suffragan bishop in 1921, he was universally beloved, [On page 402 of this issue of THE REVIEW will be found and was one of the most beloved and revered an article by Rev. Andrew Gih, of Shanghai. Quite opbishops in the whole church." portunely there appeared, in China's Millions, this brief account of his work, but it came too late to be given space In his eightieth year, on July 22d, Bishop Lloyd with Mr. Gih's contribution.-EDIToR.] passed into the Life Beyond. It was a great happiness to him that he was able to carryon his Readers of Chiw,'s Millions are familiar with work to the end. Not only the Episcopal Church, the "Bethel Bands"-groups of Chinese evangelbut the whole Christian community is richer for ists who from their headquarters at Bethel in Shanghai have visited nearly every province in BISHOP ARTHUR SELDEN LLO'YD China, including scores of China Inland ~ission stations. We have recently had the privilege of the life of this saintly and very human bishop, welcoming at Newington Green, London, Dr. who had such rare capacity for inspiring all sorts ~ary Stone, the Chinese leader of the work, and of people to desire and to choose the Christian her American colleague, ~iss Hughes, and on Oclife. He was a notable member of interdenom- tober 29th Pastor Andrew Gih hopes to arrive in inational gatherings, not so much because of what England from America. The duration of his stay he said as because of what he was. He was a great is uncertain, but our Deputation Secretary, the missionary leader, a great friend and above all a Rev. T. Gear Willett, has agreed to arrange opengreat interpreter to others of the ~aster he so ings for him in this country. He is a fluent Engfaithfully and joyfully served. lish speaker, and though he is primarily an evan- gelist, he has a message for Christian people also. JOHN W. WOOD.* Pastor Gih entered the Bethel High School in • Executive Secretary of the Department of Missions of the Na- Shanghai as a bitter opponent of Christianity. tional Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church. His primary object was to learn English, but gradually he began to be conscious of spiritual need, and one of the instruments used by God for his conversion was ~iss C. F. Tippet. Now for nearly ten years he has been one of the most prominent leaders of the evangelistic bands. On our visit to China last year we were constantly hearing of souls saved and Christians revived through his ministry. Last year it was arranged that he should visit the United States, not to speak at meetings, but for a rest and change after years of most strenuous work. But there too, both amongst Chinese in California, and at a large number of Bible conferences and other meetings, his time has been fully occupied with work for the ~aster. Pastor Gih specially asks for the prayers of our readers that his visit to this country may be for blessing both to himself and to others through him. We are fully assured that his one desire is to exalt Christ as an all-sufficient Saviour for sinners and for saints.

Roger Babson recently decl!!.red: "I have not been able to find a single useful institution which has not been founded by either an intensely religious man or by the son of a praying father or a praying mother. I have made this statement before the Chamoers of Commerce of all the largest cities of the country, and have asked them to bring forward a case that is an exception to this rule. Thus far, I have not heard of a single one."-The Watchman-Examiner.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'==========================~I OUR SUMMER SURVEY its letter is filled in between the·· of the Department of Race Rela- From the vantage point of a dotted outlines with any color tions in the Federal Council of series of summer conferences the Department Editor has come desired. A Grade B auxiliary is Churches, a Lenten Offering to realize that the new missionary plans of the various denomi- one completing eight goals, Service and a mite box demonnations have a sizable "Greatest Common Divisor" ; that Grade A representing all the 10 stration e n tit led "The Last ecclesiastical specifics may be de- goals. With the slogan, "Doing Mite." The May program is on leted without marring some excellent program patterns; that Common Things in an Uncom- "Appreciation of Our Missioneach unit will be enriched by neighborly borrowings, and that mon Way" (a method followed ary Family" (Wesleyan Service on the road to victory we all should heed the admonition of at Tuskegee Institute for Ne- Guild, Young People's and Junthe Negro spiritual, "Walk Togedder, Chillen." groes), the women begin follow- ior societies), incorporating a ing the outline in a 59-page dialogue in which the several in- This year's study themes are practical and inspiring and lend booklet entitled "Appreciation terests are discussed under the themselves particularly well for Year Studies," each program of impersonative conceptions of a general falling into step-and a quickstep at that. It is hoped which gives the actual material Everychild, Mychild and Ourthat the blue prints of plans for its introduction, background, child. This may be adapted for given in this and the October issue may prove helpful to pro- organization of the topic and a Mothers' and Daughters' bangram builders of various theological persuasions. All mate- considerable of the actual sub- quet, although a program esperial sent in to this Department will be given impartial consid- ject matter; this reduces the cially for that use is given, to be eration and the absence of your leader's work to a minimum. illustrated with shadowgraphs. denomination's new material Thus the first program, on "An The June meeting, "Appreciawill simply mean that none has Appreciation of Citizenship," been furnished to the Editor. tion of the Year's Attainments," has a preview-introduction, an Appreciation Year article on "Origin-Background relieves the monotony of its an- nual reports by introducing an Under this unifying theme the Methodist Episcopal w 0 men -Purpose," the digest for a impersonation of the Recording have planned for their society and its affiliated or subsidiary talk on "Christian Citizenship in Angel dressed in white robes, o r g ani z a t ion s. A unique writing in a book of gold the "Achievement Poster" shows the Our Country," and a full text first few measures of the spir- for "The Challenge of the Pres- main points of the several reitual, "Lord, I want to be a ent." "An Appreciation of the ports and closing the service Christian"; but in place of notes with a poem of commendation. there appear in corresponding Value of Organization" follows; "Appreciation of Va cat ion positions on the staff the letters then "Appreciation 0 f 0 u r Days," for July, gives full direc- A, P, P, R, E, C, I, A, T, I, 0, N, Workers in Institutes" culmi- tions for high-class book rein broad outlines, each letter- nates in a monologue by Mrs. note correlated with a goal for the year. As a goal is attained, Greatheart, with a voice off- views. This booklet may be ob- stage entitled Mrs. Weakheart; tained from The Woman's Home Missionary Society, Methodist "Appreciation of the Prince of Episcopal Church, 420 Plum St., Peace" furnishes an original Cincinnati, Ohio, for 50 cents a copy, or booklet, poster and de- Christmas d ram a tic sketch; "Appreciation of Our Leader- ship" incorporates material for votional pamphlet for $1.00. the Leadership Training Course inclusive of a series of heart- The Young Woman's organi- searching questions to be an- zation has a correlated program swered; "Appreciation Studies" entitled "Youth's A Year," covers three successive pro- stressing the A's "that will help grams on the study book, "A us Attain, Achieve and Appre- ciate," even the study of the Preface to Racial Understand- American Negro fitting in. The ing," and incidentally includes a monthly topics are "All Advance true-and-false test, a paper on and Advance Along All Lines,"

"Church Women and Race Rela- "Aroused Action," "Ardent Ap- tions," by Katherine Gardner, preciation," "Adoration of a [426 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Saviour" (Christmas program), and drawing the name of the gro"-looking toward definite efforts "Achieving Anew," "Adventur- woman with whom she is to to cooperate with others in improving ing in Negro Realms," "Acquir- share it. the conditions under which the Negro ing Appreciation of Neg r 0 lives,. plays and works; "Hindrances Achievements," "Adjusting At- 5. The King's Highway. and Helps in Education"-seeking titudes," "Appreciation of Cul- deepened interest in the education of tural Art," "Able Attainments Autumn report of house parties the Negro in our country and efforts and Accumulated Assets" and and denominational and inter- for an equality in opportunities; "Adventures in Outdoor Atti- denominational summer confer- "His Contribution to America"-the tudes." ences. outcome to be an intelligent grasp of the largeness of the Negro's contribu- The Juniors continue their Stewardship program. tion and an increased respect for the travels on the "Road of the race; "The Negro and the Church"- Loving Heart," becoming this 6. The Path to the Ballot Box. indicating that we shall never attain year "Singing Partners." More to the Christlike spirit of kindness, will be told about these youth Christian Citizenship presentation. justice and brotherliness until we programs later, but each set of Our magazine (Missions). manifest these qualities in our contheir booklets and leaflets for duct toward Negroes in all church restudy, not inclusive of the text- 7. Highways and By-Ways. lations; "Conquest of Racial Prejubook, costs $1.00. With text- dice"-which focuses the whole study book, $1.50. Christian Friendliness (Christian upon the "Golden Rule Resolution," Americanization) . adapted to meet the Negro situation. The Forward. Fund Dedication of White Cross over- These excellent programs are re- This is really a movement on land quotas (missionary sup- plete with practical application and the part of the whole Baptist plies) . activation material and are so neglidenomination to advance spirit- gibly denominational that their appeal ually and financially in a cam- 8. The Road to Bethlehem. is universal. The pamphlet may be paign of intensive education and obtained for 15c from The American inspiration over a period of Christmas gift box opening. Baptist Publication Society, 1701-03 three years. The current year's Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. program in the women's work is 9. Crowded Streets. adaptable for various mission- "Graded Material for Teachers and ary units and age interests. It Christian Centers (social service Leaders in Church Schools" and based is entitled "Roads," from the work). on current mission study themes, corkeynote: "I will make all the related with handwork, story telling hilltops a highway, and lofty January reading of an annual and visualization is covered in a pamroads shall be built" (Kent's field booklet Baptists use daily phlet furnished free by The Baptist translation). A brief resume through the month. Board of Education as cited above. It follows: would be only fair, however, for ap- Play or program put on by chil- plicants from other denominations to Opening poem, "My Path," by Eliza- dren's organization. furnish postage for its mailing. beth Kendrick Holt. 10. Jungle Paths. Baptists have made a new venture 1. Cross Roads. this year outside of denominational. African Trails, using material corrals in issuing their rather lorgs Consecration of officers and mem- from THE REVIEW for October. catalogue of missionary education ma- bers of society. terial for various young people's Marking of Forward Fund poster. gr01lps in three sections, na'Inf.Jly: "For Introduction of new study books. Baptist Groups with Organizational Distribution of gift boxes. ("Mrs. 11. World Roads. Connection," "Independent Baptist Gr01tpS with No Affiliation" and "Bap- Pickett's Missionary Box" as Evening meeting for entire church, tist Gr01lps with Interdenmninational monologue, in costume.) invitations in form of coupons, Relationship," the materials and pro- booths arranged to represent prams built thereon being provided in 2. Country Lanes and Forest Trwils. foreign countries in which the affiliation with the general Missionary denomination has work, also Education Movement. "This coopera- Luncheon with program of Afri- one for the Forward Fund, with tive enterprise representing 36 boards can and Negro stories and Ne- costumed women in each to dis- in 14 denominations produces annu- gro spirituals. distribute literature. Audience ally high grade mission study books progresses according to schedule and teaching materials based on great Assign each woman the name and on tickets. Refreshments. themes and subjects." station of a missionary of whom she is to be a prayer partner Display of White Cross quotas for Let this good work go on among the and to whom she may send mes- overseas. young people even if the older folk sages during the year. cannot think outside of the ruts and Presentation of Every-Member brain-sets of specific theologies and 3. Christmas Street. Canvass plans. ecclesiastical blue prints. .

Porch or lawn party (in July) on 12. Paths of Pleasantness. "Southland Spirituals" contains 64 Christmas in mission lands. Negro songs as arranged by The Foreign gift box opening. Rodeheaver Co., 124 N. 15th St., Bringing of gifts to be sent in Banquet for girls of church Philadelphia, Pa., and sells for 25c. Christmas mission boxes. with program on "Pioneer Mis- sionary Heroines in America" "A Little Leaven," by Elsie Line- 4. Mountain Trails. and "Youth Unafraid" (study weaver and Mary Reed, is an inter- books by Anna Canada Swain). racial play with eight characters and W. W. G. (girls' organization) to two scenes. Order from The Federal plan picnic, inviting members Material for these programs Council of Churches, 105 E. 22d St., of women's society, each girl is cited on the folder, which lat- New York City. Price 15c. putting up two boxes of lunch ter may be obtained free from The Baptist Board of Mission- Brown Birthrights ary Education, 152 Madison Ave., New York City. Specifically this is a series of four programs on the Negro "The Negro in America"-six pro- grams inclusive of dramatic presenta- tions and suggested projects (for adults and older young people's groups) and based on "A Preface to Racial Understanding" has been pre- pared by Augusta Walden Comstock. The topics are: "His Story"-a study to test the assumption of superiority and inferiority relative to Negro and White races; "Odds Against the Ne-

brought out by the Board of Na- national Forward Movement Commis- Study of social standards for Negro tional Missions of the Presby- sion of the Church, is planning to family of the South, as drawn from terian Church, 156 Fifth Ave., make this possib:e on a diocesan scale fiction of the better type. New York City, for groups de- this year, and a national scale next siring to handle the theme in year. There is no reason why the The Negro family as revealed in ficmeetings of the women's and Church should remain in the horse- tion. young people's organizations or and-buggy stage of using lantern the midweek services of the slides and such primitive methods Summarize advantages and disadchurch. Price 10c. Other study when it has at its disposal such a vantages of segregation of Negroes in theme collateral published or great and effective force as the sound- schools. handled by this Board includes: on-film movie. . . . The bishop an- nounces that he is planning to raise Prepare material for denomina- A picture map of the U. S. (50c) sufficient funds to start on an experi- tional use in Negro school, as an exwith insert sheet sketches of Negro mental scale, with the intention of pressional project. life, to be colored, cut out and used broadening it to a national and poswith the map (10c). sibly an international scope next year. Roll call, "Incidents about my N e- Films would be made of prominent gro School Friends." Plays: entitled speakers, and through portable sound movie projectors the members of small Program for general public-ar- "Under the Skin"-l man, 5 women parishes who otherwise would be de- ranged as radio broadcast, dramatic as characters; time, 30 minutes; nied the opportunity of hearing the in part or whole, etc., using material price 10c. speaker could hear the addresses. of study book. Pictures could be made of institutions, "America Grows Up"-third epi- hospitals, schools, missionary projects, The Negro in Literature, illustrated sode of pageant, based on revelation and all the membership might be ac- by one or more readers preferably. that opportunity offered Negro girl in quainted with the work done through North is made possible by white the church, that missions might be A portrait gallery of notable Newoman whose father had asked for personalized. Only a few minutes are groes. the slave grandmother in payment of necessary to set up the sound projector a debt and had taken her North, thus and begin the movie. . . . Bishop Hob- Group singing of spirituals, with breaking up the Negro family. Three son mentions that missions have not stereopticon or printed programs and characters, with chorus of colored been personalized lately, and that the able leadership. children off stage; 15 minutes; 25c. church memJers thought too fre- quently of giving only in terms of Presentation of chapters 7 and 8 as Pictures: "the red side" and "the black side" of an open forum or panel discussion for the church envelope. class members, with or without others "Sepia Tones"-Ten enlarged pic- invited to listen. Discussion must be tures on photograph mounts, with ac- While nearly all denomina- carefully prepared by leaders, incorcompanying descriptive material and porating textual material yet giving worship service, affording full pro- tions are using movies to a opportunity for personal opinion. gram material. Rental 25c, plus post- greater or less extent, this would age both ways. seem to be the first connected Our Illustration movement on a large scale and "Teaching Pictures"-Ten in set, may well serve as a pace setter shows a group of genial Negro with descriptive material. Rental 15c, children in Granville, Ohio, plus double postage. for fellow denominations. where the Baptist Women's so- ciety held its June meeting as a "The Family Goes Traveling"-pic- "Preface to Racial Under- lawn picnic with the little folks, ture story book for children. Price in standing" costumed and drilled to sing in paper, 35c. a native dialect by Mrs. J. E. From the study outlines of Geil-a missionary at home on Stories: Mrs. B. P. Heubner, of Ottawa, furlough from her work in the Kansas, familiar to our readers Belgian Congo. The parents of "The Cow That Went to School" as an instructor at summer the children were guests of (children, 2c); "Little Lost Two schools of missions at Lake Ge- honor at the picnic supper, thus Pigs" (children, 3c); "Maceo Redcap" neva, Wis., and elsewhere, we furnishing a project as well· as (young people, 2c); "The Seventh cull a few of her outstanding a program looking toward racial Turn" (intermediates, 2c); "Trou- topics, questions and devices, as appreciation instead of prejubled Waters Clear" (intermediates, dice. 3c); "Why They Laugh" (young peo- follows: ple, 2c). The Negro worker in my commu- Seven familiar Negro spirituals at 5c per copy, $1.00 per hundred. nity.

Book of spirituals, 25c. Interview a representative Negro from the professions relative to possi- Three motion pictures and two bilities for his people in the professtereopticon lectures are also available in the autumn at moderate sions and business. rental. If you were a Negro with your Movies, both silent and sound, are coming into increasing use present educational and social equipfor missionary meetings, particularly in the annual schools ment, where would you seek and perof missions. The Episcopal Church is to make large use of haps secure employment? – sound movies in its current Forward Movement. The Granville Account of a visit to a Negro sec- Times says: tion of your own city, covering hous- The Rt. Rev. Henry W. Hobson, of ing, sanitation, social and recreational Southern Ohio, and chairman of the facilities, schools, churches, places of business, etc. May include more than one person's inspection.

Talk by Negro doctor or nurse in your community.

~====~='=""=~======,'"

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I~~~~~==~~~~~ Must It Happen Again? "It Must Not Happen Again"

In Arnold Zweig's "Educa- Courtesy 0/ the Sculptor Joseph P. Pollia tion before Verdun" (1936) there is on the front page an ad- "It must not happen again" is ment was dedicated May 30, monition to "Know thy lot, know the theme of the bronze monu- 1935, in Orange, Massachusetts. thine enemies, know thyself." ment, a memorial to War Vet- There are nine so-called "books" erans pictured on this page. Listen to yourself telling chilin the 444 pages. On the very The sculptor, Joseph P. Pollia, dren the meaning of the WorId first page of the story is a de- of New York city, conceived a War! Are we among those who scription of the supposedly green monument in which a strong, "only too willingly forget"? Do fine soldier tells the boy the we go on into the forest, seeking earth as follows: truths about the WorId War in refreshment? "The earth lay like a yellow- which he took part. The monu- Will it all happen again? stained, blood-soaked disk, over [429 ] which arched the mouse trap of the merciless blue sky, caging humanity in with ,the torments of its own brutality."

It must not happen again! In the last chapter called "Envoi," we read: After years of privation, misery, and horror, mankind has indeed the right to be a little mad. The young author, Bertin, and his wife, were on their way to seek refreshment in a country that they knew and loved. But Bertin had resolved that before they disappeared into the mountains, he would go and see the Kraysing parents and tell them how their sons had died, and in how pitiful and futile a fashion; they must be made to understand that it was no deed of heroism or sacrifice, that had robbed them of two young men who would have comforted them in their old age; it was an act of villainy, and a stroke of chance … the poor souls must be left under no illusions, they must be made to reject the current coin of patriotism and the glories of war….

"I can't do it," said Werner Bertin decisively. "Com!! let us go into the forest. Weare not here to open old wounds and then to poison them….

"Besides, there are a few people hereajouts that won't forget, and they'll give the shock of their lives to certain others that would only too willingly forget."

Weare told that the wife "at the bottom of her heart did not quite approve of Werner's refusal. What a man has set himself to do, that he must do, she thought."

Marathon Round Tables, discussion groups. They are For that great day when wars shall cease, and men 1936-37 called "Marathons" because the Shall live as brothers in a unity word itself carries a challenge Of love-live in a world made splen- Announcement has been made by the Marathon Committee of to continue to educate and in- did? plans for the new Marathon form until an enlightened and Round Table Study Course, ma- effective public 0 pin ion is -Studdert Kennedy. terial for which will be ready reached. Closing Note to Reader for distribution by September "The Evolving Foreign Policy Beware of "the Roar Ma- 15th. This project of the Na- of the United States" chine," a contraption used at the tional Committee on the Cause Cleveland political convention to and Cure of War was estab- is the theme for study. The measure the intensity of sound. lished in 1932 and has gained choice of two plans is offered. Dorothy Thompson reported that a witty Frenchman considmomentum year by year until Plan A-Beginners' Marathon ered this contraption "a perfect now it has 'become necessary to for New Groups substitute for the ballot, a means plan for a graded course which will not only present simple and The ABC of world peace ma- of achieving direct democracy, basic material on the essential chinery and the relation of for here was a scientific instrufacts about organization for American foreign policy to ment, etc. . . "

world peace and the part which world organization for peace- The radio listener following the United States plays in the a simplified course which will closely the relation between affairs of the world, but which include an analysis of public ideas expressed by the convenwill also prepare a course of opinion and propaganda. tion speakers, the noise, and the study and discussion for ad- Plan B-Advanced Marathon indication of the roar machine, vanced groups whose members For Groups Already Familiar either laughed at the nonsense have progressed far enough to with the Theme of it all, or wept bitterly that the need a greater challenge to their American people measured their thinking. Three hypothetical cases will political ideas by those among us At the annual conference held be posed in which the United who could yell and howl the in Washington in January, 1936, States might become involved loudest. the Committee was able to re- because of the complications in And Jesus spake a parable which Luke the physician report 740 registrations distrib- different parts of the world. uted throughout 42 states, the Kits of material will be ready cords: Dis t ric t of Columbia, and by September 15th and will con- "Can the blind guide the tain instructions for organizing blind? Shall they not both fall Hawaii.

In answer to the question groups and carrying on discus- into a pit? The disciple is not w h i chi s frequently asked, above his teacher; but everyone "What are marathons and why sions, and subjects for meetings when.he is perfected shall be as are they so called 7"-Marathon and committee activities, in ad- his teacher. … Round Tables are small groups of ten to fifteen persons, prefer- dition to simple pamphlets, study "For each tree is known by its ably both men and women, who outlines, and bibliographies for own fruit. F.or of thorns men agree to study and discuss inter- each subject. The commi,uee do not gather jigs, not of the national issues of the moment as bra m b l e bush gather they they affect the United States. has announced that two Head- grapes. line Books are in preparation by In addition to study and dis- "The good man out of the cussion, these groups are re- the Popular Education Depart- good treasure of his heart bringquired to come to some measure ment of the Foreign Policy As- eth forth that which is g.ood; of agreement before they defi- and the evil man out of the evil nitely leave any subject, as well sociation which are to be used in treasure bringeth forth that as to translate their opinions and the beginners' course. Here is which is evil; for out of the agreements into some form of abundance of the heart his activity. In other words, a a method which will help the mouth speaketh," group tries to find a common de- people to speak so that statesnominator by means of which "The Mission of Peace," a they can act together either to men and governments will heed. service of worship prepared by educate and inform their com- Registration and subscription Mrs. William R. Buchanan, munity or, when they are ready Chairman of the International to do so, to become an effective will be the same for both Relations Committee of the courses. Council of Women for Home Missions, is now in the press. Group registration @ $2.50, Individual subscription @ 75c. Secure material from The Na- tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, 70 East 45th St., New York, New York.

unit of public opinion. Each Is It a Dream? The World Day of Prayer magroup, when once formed, is terial for February 12, 1937, is autonomous and the elements of Is it a dream-and nothing more- also ready. The theme: "Thou conference and action distin- this faith guish them from most study and Art the Christ, the Son of the That nerves our brains to thought- Living God." our hands to work

World,wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1 ~====~=========================~ JAPAN-CHOSEN have sprung into existence. He course. The afternoons are given to says: Christians Speak Their Mind practical work, such as tree-crop cul- For an extended period new reli- Japanese Christians seek a bet- gious cults have applied for recogni- ture, the preparation of ham, bacon, ter way of strengthening the tion at the Government's Bureau of Japanese people than by mili- Religions at the amazing average of and sausages, the making of furnitarism. They believe that the one each week. Some have borrowed way of Christ is the best way to heavily from Christian truth. Others ture, and weaving. In the evenings achieve national solidarity. strike a high nationalistic note. Still others are grossly superstitious, and there are group discussions of prac- The Christians at a mass others have physical healing and meeting in Tokyo recognized material gain as their major motive tical farm problems. . that Christians in the past have and goal. Some of these mushroom fallen far short of fulfilling their cults are sweeping across the nation "Those who finish the work of the great mission, and in deep re- like a forest fire and alreadY count pentance they affirmed in this their followers by the hundreds of schools return to their villages, concrisis their belief that only the thousands. Gospel of Christ can be the safe duct their own farmers' institutes, do guiding star for the people's Because of its strong internationthinking and can bring eternal alism and its high moral standards, experimental work in agriculture, arwelfare to the fatherland. the Christian Church has not shared in this forward run on the part of range lecture courses for the mem- Zealously, therefore, we bestir our- religious organizations. However, it selves, and emphasizing the love of is playing a most important role in Jers of our faculty and engage in God and the grace of Christ we pro- this significant phase of the nation's claim this Gospel to our fellow-na- life. The present phenomenon proves all sorts of village planning. Now tionals. We, the Christians of the that at heart the Japanese are pro- Empire, united and with an unbroken nounced religious. the whole Christian movement has front, propose to launch a great union evangelistic movement and carry for- Lepers in Korea taken over the model evolved from our ward a nation-wide dynamic program of aggressive evangelism. It is reported that there are experimentation and every year near- more than fourteen thousand All the evangelistic efforts of known lepers in Korea. Four ly a hundred short-term Peasant Gosthe various denominations and thousand of these are being Christian organizations through- cared for in the public hospital pel Schools and institutes are being out the country are now being on Little Deer Island, while over unified and inter-related. Among one thousand are being treated held in various parts of the Empire. the types of gatherings contem- in the two Christian leper hosplated are public mass meetings, pitals at Soonchun and Taiku. "These Gospel Schools can also be training conferences for reli- The remaining nine thousand gious leaders, special round ta- more or less, are at large un- adapted to meet the needs of the fishbles for educators and with pub- cared for, homeless beggars. lic-spirited village, town and city ing folk. There are only eleven midleaders, meetings in educational Peasant Gospel Schools institutions, and conferences on dle schools among Japan's 550,000 rural uplift and for furthering In "Christ of Japan," Toyoevangelism in industrial and hiko Kagawa describes the fishing families. In education they commercial areas. schools which are being organ- ized all over the empire. are leagues behind the rest of the -World Call. What isa Peasant Gospel School? population. I pray that the religion One Cult Each Week In my own schools-held during the short leisure season on the farm-the of Christ of the Sea of Galilee, with Writing in Missions on the forenoons are devoted to class work. current revival of religious in- There is a twenty-five hour course on its full-orbed provision for the whole terest in Japan, Dr. William Ax- the Sermon on the Mount; also ling refers to the amazing num- courses on rural sociology and village of life, may be made available to these ber of new religious cults which welfare work. The history of the Christian brotherhood-love movement long-neglected, hard-pressed toilers of is taught, as is also the history of the Christian social-love movement. The the sea. science of agriculture is a part of the Daily Christian Newspaper [431 ] Another factor making for unity among the Christian forces in Japan is the publication of the Daily Christian News, now almost a yearling. Its promoter and editor is Rev. Shoichi Mu- rao, until recently professor in the Episcopal Theological Sem- inary,more widely known per- haps in the field of newspaper evangelism, and now general sec- retary of the Tokyo Y. M. C. A. Not presuming to be a large pub- lication but purporting to be more of a clipsheet of news of religious significance from home and abroad coming daily to the study of the busy minister or layman, the Daily Christian News has brought to realization a dream more than thirty years old among the churches and be- lievers of Japan. Though as yet purely a private undertaking, it is being well received in all quar-

ters and deserves enlarged sup- of the world while as yet they ISLANDS OF THE SEA port from individuals and offi- cannot do it alone. The united cial religious bodies. thank-offering and the daily use The Way of the Shining Face of intercessory prayer are no- -Christian Century. table features." A number of Solomon Island's savages had gathered for a feast JAPAN-KOREA -The Living Church. with their heathen chief, for whom the Christians had been Enthusiasm for Forward A Worth-While Job praying for years. Suddenly the Movement chief stood uPland said, "I want A Y. M. C. A. secretary in you all to pray strong for me. I A Forward Movement is be- Korea describes an unusual hu- want to bring my people to your ing carried on under the aus- man rescue project. A young church to learn of your Master. pices of the Brotherhood of St. Korean Christian picked up I see that you all stop very good. Andrew. from the city streets about 200 I see the faces of you all shining thieves, beggars, outcasts; got as if your hearts were happy, as Ten thousand copies of a Japa- permission for them to sleep in if you were very glad. My peonese version of Discipleship an empty warehouse; extracted ple are not like that. They all have been prepared and distrib- from the mayor and chief of look as if they were sick. They uted throughout the ten dioceses police a small grant for a few look heavy, and their eyes are and 271 parishes and missions necessities, and set up his hostel. dull. They look as if they never making up the Nippon Sei Kok- The boys managed to feed them- swim (wash). They do swim, UJai. Recently, 4,000 additional selves in ways mysterious-per- but they look as if they never copies have been requested by haps nefarious. They told their swim. They look no good. Beclergy and missionaries. The escapades quite frankly to their fore you all live like us and pray enthusiasm and widespread use youthful mentor. No one ran to to our Adaros (devils). But I being made of the movement led tell the police, and somehow pil- see you find a better way. Your to predictions that when the sec- fering is dying down. The ware- way is the way of the shining ond booklet, Disciples of the Liv- house was a little less cold than face! I want very much to come ing Christ, was released during the streets outside; and within and learn of your new Master. Holy Week, more than twenty were classes, Bible stories and You all pray strong for me." thousand copies would be re- evening prayers for those who quired. chose to stay. No equipment, no -Brethren Evangelist. organization, little money. -The Living Church. Aboriginal Religion Temperance Gaining Ground The Woman's Auxiliary Have Australian aborigines Japan has a law which for- any religion? Rev. J. R. B. Love, A retired deaconess of the bids, with penalties, the selling writing for The Bible in the Episcopal Mission in Japan says of liquor or tobacco to any per- World proves that they have. that one of the most remarkable son under twenty years of age. Among the Wororas there are evidences of the success of the A movement is now on foot to sacred possessions of the tribe work of the Church in Japan is secure ,the passage of the same which express their religious the way Japanese Christian law in Korea. Pastor Song Sang strivings after the eternal and women have given their time, Sook is back of the movement. unseen. These are (1) groups their money and their personal He began last fall in Pyengyang, of artificially arranged stones at service in forwarding Christ's had meetings with newspaper various places; (2) collections Kingdom. One great manifesta- editors and other prominent peo- of pictures, crudely painted in tion of this has been the Wom- ple and secured their endorse- red and yellow ochre, white clay an's Auxiliary in the American ment of the movement; then and black charcoal, on the walls dioceses, which celebrated the went to Seoul, with the result of caves in the rocks; and (3) fortieth anniversary of its work that all the newspapers in Seoul a number of objects made of in Japan in 1934. The Auxiliary have swung into line, and com- carved wood. The stones mark is a strong organization and mitted themselves on the matter sacred places, where according well planned, supporting two with editorials. Mr. Song next to Worora belief, the spirit-eswomen workers in Formosa, and appealed to the officials of the sence of man abides in the earth. maintaining a succession of Government-General, and there Should a Worora man be camped short-time w 0 r k e r s in Man- also he found much sympathy. near one of these sacred places churia and also workers in Sag- His third step was to gather to- he may, in a dream, conceive the halein. One of the most notable gether leading Christians in Se- spirit of his future child. The features of the Japanese Aux- oul and some others interested wooden objects are kept stoted iliary is the gift of appreciation in these matters and they have in a cave, which may be visited to the mother church in Amer- agreed to back the movement only by fully initiated men of ica and England. They send heartily. This is an all-Korea the tribe. At certain ceremonies, one-tenth of their thank-offering movement, and signs point to they are brought out, carefully to the home church of the re- its success. handled and looked at by all spective dioceses, that they may grown men. join in the foreign mission work -Korean Echoes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Worora have a name for Indies Mission of the Christian son and vice-president of Baba Supreme Being, but it is sel- and Missionary Alliance, who son's statistical organization, redom heard, never used in song. come from Menado in Northern ported at the annual meeting of In all their crude beliefs there is Celebes, made a tour of evangel- the Association of Statisticians an underlying element of the ism and investigation in the un- of American Religious Bodies eternal truths that the soul of evangelized part of the Celebes. that while in 1921 the Protesman came from God and returns These two young men left Ma- tants gained 1,710,000 new to God, and that man's duty is kassar in November, and visited members by confession of faith, to love and serve God, and to many of the important centers last year they gained only 990,- express his devotion through round the narrow stretch of 000. A recent survey of 1,000 love and service to his neighbor. land, which forms the curve churches made by the Commis- from the city of Donggala, to sion on Church Attendance of Tristan-Isle of Opportunity Menado. Their trip has brought the Congregational and Chris- to light considerable informa- tian Churches showed that only Tristan Da Cunha, an isolated tion concerning this field about twenty-five per cent of regisisland in the South Atlantic which comparatively little is tered members were supporting Ocean, has always been called known. Many places they vis- their churches by personal at- "Isle of Loneliness." Rev. Har- ited are without a witness of the tendance and only thirty per old Wilde thinks it should have Gospel. The expenses of this cent of the seats in United States a new name-"Isle of Oppor- trip were met by the National churches were being used. Mr. tunity." Every child on the Bible Society of Scotland. Their McCullough said: island now possesses a Bible, the sales of the Scriptures were fairgift of the Bible Society, their ly good, but colportage work is Every department of church work only book. But Mr. Wilde reads difficult because of the illiteracy depends on church attendance. If other books to them. "Since last of the people, and the bigotry of church attendance continues to peter year we have finished Alice in the Mohammedans. The Gov- out our mission societies and all our Wonderland, Robinson Crusoe, ernment has given the mission other church organizations will go Robin Hood, Grimm's Fairy permission to carryon regular overboard. To save the church our Tales, and the Christmas Carol. missionary work in this vast un- laymen must go to church. Attend- The children are very keen and occupied area, and as soon as ance at Sunday schools has declined never miss school, whatever the students are sufficiently pre- even faster than church attendance. weather. I have taught them pared, they hope to take up the Between 1931 and 1935 it declined two of my mottoes: 'You never work in this field. eight per cent, whereas church atwin by giving in,' and 'Any old tendance declined one per cent. Sunthing won't do.' In fact the chil- -The Pioneer. day school attendance reached its peak dren are doing so nicely that around 1917. The zenith of church now the older folks are asking to NORTH AMERICA attendance was in 1880. be taught, and they want me to start a night schooL" Population of the United Alert to New Opportunities The older folks have lectures S.tates When the Board of Home Mison Wednesday evenings. "So sions of the Presbyterian far" says Mr. Wilde, "I have The estimated population of Church, U. S. A., learned that talked on First Aid, Egypt, the United States on July 1,1935 the Rural Habilitation Service Shakespeare, War Reminis- was 127,521,000 as compared was planning to move 200 famcences, Coal and Oil, Things to with the official federal census ilies from Minnesota, Wisconsin Make for the Home, Cost of Liv- figures of 122,755,046 on April and Michigan to Alaska, the ing in England. The lectures 1, 1930 according to William L. Board sent the Rev. Bert J. are quite voluntary, but no one Austin, director of the Bureau Bingle from Cardova to Matamisses, and they all say how of Census. This is an increase nuska so that he was on hand to they enjoy these evenings." of 3.9 per cent. The greatest in- welcome the settlers on their ar- crease was one of 22 per cent rival. A community hall has The chaplain is also getting in the District of Columbia, at- now been built with the assistthem to work for themselves, tributed to the influx of federal ance of the settlers, and has and make all kinds of articles employes during the present ad- served not only as a place of for home use. The men and ministration. In Georgia the in- worship for the Community boys are making little things to crease was 15 per cent, in South church which Mr. Bingle has orsell to any visiting ships, and so Carolina 15.7, in Tennessee 11 ganized, but also as a hospital are the women and girls. All and in Florida 9.9. Eleven when an epidemic of scarlet feare learning to share in the work states show a loss in population, ver attacked the camp. of the mission in other fields. Arizona leading with a loss of The people are faithful in keep- 11.4 per cent. -Presbyterian Tribune. ing up private prayer. -Watchman-Examiner. The Southern Baptists -The Mission Field. Protestant Church Today there are 4,389,417 In the Northern Celebes Membership members in the Southern Bap- tist Church. The year 1935 has During the past year two stu- Charles J. McCullough, pri- been one of distinct gains.: 177 dents at the Netherlands East vate secretary .to Roger W. Bab- new churches, 202,047 baptisms; $22,264,052 given to local work,

a net gain of $1,862,444; gifts pIe were not attending any United Church of Canada to missions, education and be- church. Meetings were held, nevolences were $4,624,515, a two a day six days a week, be- During the past ten years the net gain of $372,847; the total ginning on Sunday morning and United Church of Canada has gifts to all causes increased to closing the next Friday night; received 250,378 persons into $26,888,567, a net gain of $2,- moving to a new place on Satur- church membership on profes- 235,291. day and beginning all over sion of faith-an average of a again. Every afternoon a Bible fresh Pentecost of believers The Foreign Mission Board Study group was held in the every six weeks. After deductreports 400 missionaries in the farm homes; every night a ing the losses through death and following countries: Africa, Ar- service in the schoolhouse. One otherwise, communicant memgentina, North and South Bra- district was quite pagan, where bership has increased from 600,- zil, Chile, Central, Interior, for twelve years there had been 668 in 1925 to 687,973 at the North and South China, Hun- no religious work until this Sun- close of 1934. There is also an gary, Italy, Jl:J.pan, Jugo-Slavia, day school was started. The increase in Sunday school enrol- Mexico, Palestine-Syria, Rou- school teacher said that among ment from 579,482 to 638,960, mania and Spain. her pupils only one had known Young People's Society member- the Lord's Pray~r, or had ever ship from 104,607 to 205,979, The total receipts last year seen a Sunday school paper. and families from 369,652 to were $1,294,613 and the total 459,089. The Dominion census disbursements were $1,293,426. Recently a young farmer said of 1931 reports that 2,017,375 to the leader in this work: "My persons in Canada have declared The Woman's Missionary temper has always been al- themselves associated with the Union reports the total number mighty quick, and I used to be United Church. Upwards of of Woman's Missionary Union plenty free with the stick when 1,300 congregations have been organizations in the Southern the children acted contrary, but organized in communities that Baptist Convention is 34,645, we're better pals now. I don't had no Christian service, thus with an aggregate membership know just how or when it began reaching new settlements on the of 593,766. Of this number 11,- but I've been changing the last prairies, in mining camps, pulp- 407 are Woman's Missionary So- two years." His wife, kneading wood towns, and among fishercieties, with a reported member- bread, turned around and looked folk with the Gospel of Jesus in ship of 293,833, and 23,238 are at him. "I know when you a way which the churches, sepayoung people's organizations, started to change," she said. "It rately, could never have equaled. with a membership of 299,883. was when the Sunday school It is of interest to know that These organizations contributed opened here." He is taking an the United Church preaches during the past year to denomi- active leadership in that Sunday the Gospel in Canada in thirty national causes a total of $1,- school now. different languages, while the 972,370. The total number of Bible is distributed in book and tithers reported, 95,292. Pagans in America leaflet in more than fifty dia- lects. More than 1,000 congre- -Henry W. Tiffany, Ph.D. American missionaries have gations, struggling for exist- penetrated the far corners of ence, nearly all receiving grants Crime and Church the earth, yet within our own from Home Mission Boards, borders there are more than 45,- have been united into harmoni- Judge William T. Aggeler of 000 pagans who still worship ous unions, thus destroying re- Los Angeles, for many years de- their tribal gods, according to ligious competitions, and multifender of public order in that Bishop Howden of New Mexico. plying their effectiveness in decity, declares that of the thou- They are the Navajo Indians in voted Christian ministry to their sands of men and women who Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. communities. came before him charged with every conceivable crime, only 2 "Their paganism cannot be -Presbyterian Alliance per cent were active members ascribed to any lack of proselyt- Bulletin. of any church. The other 98 per ing by the Christians," observes cent either had no religion, or the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, LATIN AMERIOA had ceased to attend church. "because since the Spaniards first encountered them in the six- Caguas Church Too Small -Religious Digest. teenth century they have been subjected to systematic cam- It is refreshing to hear from Opening Pioneer Work paigns of conversion. With the Puerto Rico that the Baptist exception of a comparatively church in Caguas is progressing In 1933 the Women Preachers few individuals, other Indians rapidly. Miss Lola Llabres Association appointed a Com- have accepted Christianity, but writes: mittee on Fields and Workers. the Navajos have remained ob- One of the developments that durate. This does not mean that We have little room to accommofollowed was a piece of pioneer they are irreligious, because date the crowds of children and adults work in southern Kansas. With atheism and agnosticism are un- who come to the meetings, and specialthe help of some local women known among them." ly to the Sunday school. Many who five Sunday schools were organ- have made their public profession of ized in regions where the peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

faith are anxious to join the church prison for embezzlement of the he set out to do his duty for his through baptism. Each member does public funds. He promised to his best to help others to know the give the rest of his life to the country. In the battle of Cana- Saviour. The men's society has or- da, Chile, he lost all his possesganized to work in the country dis- service of Jesus Christ in the sions, and among them his Bible.

tricts. Those who can preach help in prison. Yet he had learned from memthis way, and others give invitations ory many of the most important to the meetings. There is great en- -National Bible Society passages, and these continued to thusiasm about this activity, and it .of Scotland. bring him consolation. On July is our hope and prayer that this may be the way to oring many to Christ. Lost in Amazonian Forest 11, 1934, he was wounded, and The women too are not idle. They on September 14th he arrived at Somewhere in Brazil today the hospital in Santa Cruz, hold services in homes where the peo- three pioneers are lost, brave where he remained for several ple sympathize with our work, but men who went out under the Un- months. Following his discharge are not brave enough yet to attend evangelized Fields Missions. from the hospital, he came fairthe services held in the temple. This They are known as the "Three ly regularly to the Gospel meethas proved to be a good means of in- Freds," their names being Fred ings, and knowing of his long teresting people in the Gospel; by Roberts, Fred Dawson, and Fred association with the Gospel, Mr. and by they visit the church and Wright. Mr. Roberts, who is in Horne many times pressed him learn to know the Saviour. Seven charge of the party, is an Au- to decide for Christ. On 17th and even more Sunday schools are stralian, who has been ten years January of this year, being trouheld every Sunday afternoon. in Amazonia, working entirely bled about his sins, he retired to among Indians. His companions his aunt's home. There he found – Watchman-Examiner. are new recruits. They started a disused Bible, and opened it at last May for what would be a passage he had never hitherto In a West Indian Prison called in war an "unhealthy sec- read. As he met the words: "Be tion" in the center of Brazil. not deceived; God is not "In those beautiful islands of They were seeking the un- mocked: for whatsoever a man the West Indies," writes George touched field of the wild Kaya- soweth, that shall he also reap," Herbert of St. Kitts, "where na- pos, of whom very little is a deep conviction penetrated his ture seems to have lavished her known. They are said to shoot soul, and falling on his knees he choicest gifts of vegetation and at sight and to regard white men confessed his sin and accepted romantic scenery, it is sad to as their rightful prey. Jesus Christ as his Saviour. Althink that many must be con- though he has had to endure perdemned for their misdeeds to The three were supplied with secution from his companions, spend many months in prison. an unusual outfit which included he continues to be a joyful Their enforced confinement, a 4% h. p. outboard motor which Christian. however, offers opportunity, can be fixed to a canoe, a docwhich has been eagerly taken tor's microscope and other sci- -National Bible Soc. .of advantage of, for securing their entific instruments, a six-foot Scotland. attention to the things of the cross saw, guns and ammuni- Spirit to which, in their days of tion for use against wild beasts New Life in the Chaco freedom, they were oblivious. and for hunting game, galvan- In confinement many of the pris- ized sheet iron, rivets and tin Last January (midsummer in oners have listened willingly to cutters,-put in that the pio- the Argentine), in the cool of the message of the Gospel, and neers might make themselves the evening a company of Indian in the reading of the Book have steel shields as armor against chiefs were squatting in a circle found the way to God. The Indian arrows. Their last let- in serious conclave. A year or changes that have taken place in ter, sent over a year ago, re- two ago this would have meant the cases of a number have been ported that they had treated either a seance of witch doctors so marked that even the justices over 100 sick people and had or the beginning of a drinking and the officers in charge have held meetings that were crowded feast. But this circle of thirtyborne witness to the power of to overflowing. The Mission has five men, including ex-witch docthe Word to uplift and trans- sent out a rescue party in search tors and warrior chiefs, had met form. for the three missionaries. in the shadow of the trees on the mission compound for prayer, Never before have there been -The Christian. seeking guidance for the evanso many persons in jail for various misdemeanors. Nevertheless, not a few have had the great experience of meeting God face to face in the prison. So Conversion of a Soldier gelistic trips to be undertaken profound was the impression that week end. The universal made by the Holy Spirit during Peter J. Horne of Santa Cruz, week of prayer had just come the preaching at one service that Bolivia, tells the following story to a close.

nearly everyone of the fifty men of a young Bolivian who left It is more than a year since present made profession of his home in 1933 to serve his coun- these evangelistic trips were intention to live a new life. try in the war with Paraguay. first begun. Men and women, Among these there was a high He had received a Bible from a chiefs and their whole villages dignitary in the local govern- Bolivian Indian missionary, and have been so attracted by the ment civil service, who was in with this precious companion, Gospel message that they have

come to live here temporarily to Far East in 1938. The first ses- best to educate the entire memlearn more of Jesus and His sion was given entirely to an ad- bership of the Church in the nawords. A group of over 200 In- dress by Dr. John R. Mott. At ture of the work abroad, and to dians, living fifteen miles down the second session, Rev. William reveal its character as a deeply stream, have been asking for a Paton outlined the plans for the spiritual movement vital to the missionary for several years. proposed meeting in China, the life of the Church at home. Some of the chiefs with their general theme of which is to be They were seeking to lay upon people have been living here for "The Upbuilding and Mainte- the heart of the Church the cona few months-attracted by the nance of the Younger Churches" viction that more missionaries, work of the evangelists-four of as a part of the world-wide men and women, were urgently the chiefs and nearly forty of Christian fellowship. The five needed if the Church of Scottheir people having joined our principal divisions of this theme land was worthily to fulfil its inquirers' class which has passed were discussed in the following function as a missionary church. the 200 mark. The church is sessions. filled nightly to overflowing. Other societies find themselves Witchcraft, drinking and danc- The closing session was a tes- in a simlar position,· and it ing belong to bygone days. The timonial and a farewell to Mr. might be a good thing if once a Holy Spirit is very obviously at Kenneth Maclennan, who has year, in the churches of all dework in their lives, and there is been the secretary of the British nominations, there could be a a genuine desire to become, as Missionary Conference from its Recruiting Sunday, when a defimany so often pray, the "chil- beginning, and who now retires nite appeal should be made to dren of light." because of age limitation. His young men and women to enlist successor, the Rev. J. W. C. Dou- in the service of Christ, whether -The South American Mis- gall, who has been educational at home or abroad. sionary Society Magazine. adviser to the missions in Kenya and Uganda, will assume these -The Life of Faith. EUROPE secretarial duties next January. The conference also authorized Churches and Bibles in Spain British Y. M. C. A. its Standing Committee to call a second secretary to be associ- Thirty-six churches w ere The British Weekly comments ated with Mr. Dougall, thus burned recently in Spain during favorably on the recent conven- making it possible to reorganize the present revolution, within a tion of the Young Men's Chris- the cooperative work of the period of 48 hours and 34 othtian Association held in London British missionary societies so ers were damaged by fire; 160 which devoted itself to a study that the home base activities churches have been destroyed in of the important report on aims may be more fully coordinated, four months and 251 have been and policy drawn up by commit- and so that the work of the damaged, said Jose Maria Gil tee after a three years' survey of United Council for Missionary Robles, leader of the (Roman) Y. M. C. A. work throughout Education may be included with- Catholic Popular Action in the the country. in the responsibilities of the sec- Cortes. retaries of the Conference. There had been a growing doubt On the other hand Bible disas to whether the Y. M. C. A. had not -A. L. Warnshuis. tribution continues: lost sight of its original purpose. Partly this was due to the whole- Need for Missionary Recruits A lady missionary was hurryhearted way in which the Association ing through a crowded street in threw itself into the tasks which thc The recent reports of all the Barcelona when a smiling Spanwar imposed upon it-"serving of ta- leading missionary societies of ish woman accosted her. "Are bles" in the sense of providing social, Great Britain indicate financial you the Senora who gave me a educational and recreational facili- deficits, but, great as is the need little book the other day, in the ties for young men and boys. The of money, there are indications Calle St. Anna?" report recalls it to a renewed empha- that the need of missionaries is sis upon its definitely Christian and even greater. One of the most The missionary had distrib- Christianizing ideal. Y. M. C. A. important discussions of the uted many of these little Scripleaders have almost unequalled op- General Assembly of the Church ture booklets in the wide, busy portunities for bring young men with- of Scotland in Edinburgh was avenues of the great Spanish in the influence of Christ and His devoted to the work of foreign city. Gospel. As a result of the London missions. convention they plan to go to their "May be," she said, "Was it work with a clearer view of their op- Rev. C. W. G. Taylor, in pre- one like this?" portunities and their obligations. senting the foreign mission re- port of the Church of Scotland, The Spanish woman's face lit -Presbyterian Banner. declared that the special effort up as she saw the booklet which which they were making was the missionary held out. "Ah, British Mission Conference not, first and foremost, a finan- yes, that is it. My sons have cial drive. They were seeking, read it, and asked me to get The annual meeting of the rather, to bring all congrega- more for the other members of Missionary Societies in Great tions to the consideration of how the family. And indeed these Britain and Ireland was held at words are true," looking down Swanwick June 10-13), program at the little book with a softened being centered around the pro- expression. posed meeting of the International Missionary Council in the -Scripture Gift Bulletin.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Anti-Semitism in Rumania We have received copies of your year to learn the language be- Gospel of St. John. Understanding fore coming to Urundi, there It has become extremely dan- that 1,000 unbound Gospels are ur- is no man on the field to occupy gerous to be a Jew in Rumania, gently needed for the good of the peo- Kayero. where, out of a population of ple, we have telephoned concerning 18,000,000, 1,000,000 are Jews. them to the Foreign Minister. Our Two others from South Africa Jewish youth are no longer able great desire is that this plan might have been appointed to the to attend certain branches of be carried out, and that the books Congo in 1937, after their furcertain universities, and those might reach our camp for the use of lough. who have already studied several the soldiers. semesters are prevented from Catholicism in Angola passing the i r examinations. -Life Of Faith. Many of the ways to free pro- The Angola press, especially fessions are closed to Jews. Vio- Another Translation in Luanda, has published severlent actions have been taken to al articles lately, setting forth exclude Jewish lawyers from Rev. W. S. Martin of the the necessity of "Catholicizing" leading places at the bar, and French Sudan writes that the the colony. Catholic baptisms in similar measures have been National Bible Society of Scot- 1934 numbered 43,000, and the taken against Jewish doctors, land has now completed the number of adherents in the coldentists and builders. Mer- printing of the whole New Tes- ony is put at 425,000. The anchants are so heavily taxed or so tament in Songoi, or, as it was nual subsidy given by the Anf r e que n t I y fined on bogus formerly called, Sonhrai. golan Government to Roman charges that they are being Catholic missions is about 4,- forced out of business. Anti- This great race differs from the 000,000 angolares, approximate- Semitic propaganda takes two ordinary Negroes of the southerly ly £40,000, as well as privileges, forms: an anti-Jewish press and districts. They belong to the "Sudan" such as exemption from customs anti-Jewish meetings. The fight stock. A little above the average in dues, hut taxes for workers, etc. against the Jews has become the stature, they are well developed, black social, political and economic skinned, have prominent noses and Nevertheless, e van gel i c a I issue in Rumania. The Jews medium coarse features. In mental- work is pushing forward. The are stigmatized as Rumania's ity they are a little above the aver- Dondi church, a comparatively enemy No.1. age African, but centuries of forced recent organization, c 0 u n t s submission to conquering Arabs and 5,000 members and a very large -Alliance Weekly. Touregs have produced something of number of catechumens. The a servile nature. Bailundo church has a member- AFRICA ship of 7,000. Sunday school Songoi is the general trade lan- work is taking on a new inter- Bible Work in Addis Ababa guage for a distance of about one est and the general outlook is thousand miles along the Niger, be- hopeful. A survey by the World The British and Foreign Bi- ginning at Djenne on the Bani River, Dominion Press in 1933 showed ble Society has received news a tributary of the Niger, and extend- the existence of a Protestant from T. P. Bevan, their repre- ing down into the Niger Colony and Christian community of 240,000 sentative in Addis Ababa, con- Dahomey. in a probable native popUlation cerning the looting of the Bible of 4,141,730. There were then House last May. The trouble While the Songoi as a race are still 249 foreign missionaries and began on the morning of May 2, Mohammedan, many individuals are 2,854 national workers. and the same evening Mr. and ready to welcome the Gospel, and the Mrs. Bevan were taken to the former fanaticism is breaking down. "Little Man, What Next?" British Legation. Some men Now, at last, when the Word of God were left in charge, but two days is made available to them in their Nurses at Holy Cross Hospilater they were overpowered. own language, there is little doubt tal, Pondoland, suspected their The day following (May 5) the out that many of these fine people gardener and fac totum of wast- Italians entered the city, and will be brought into the Kingdom, ing his time; and required him that night the Bible House was and the whole tribe will be affected, to write a list of his daily activiset on fire four times, but neigh- as well as many of the neighboring ties. This is what he wrote: bors came and extinguished the tribes. flames. Next morning Mr. Be- To sweep back and front of the dinvan regained possession of the -Alliance Weekly. ing-room every day. To carry water premises, but the Bibles had all for the washer once a week. To cut been taken. Thus he was re- In the Belgian Congo firewood and chop them for the bath lieved of any anxiety concerning and ironing three times a week. To their distribution! Mr. J. W. Haley is superin- empty pig'soin twice a day. To col- tendent of the Mission Libre lect eggs once a day. To collect hens Mr. Alfred Buxton quotes Methodiste at Ruanda-Urundi, into their runs four or five times a the following letter, written by Central Africa, on the water- day, and mend their runs as many the Emperor of Ethiopia as he shed of the Congo-Nile River times a day. To get cream Monday, was starting for the front line: systems. In a news letter he Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. To writes that the government does get vegetables from the garden daily. not wish to grant official status Working flower garden, weeding it, to a mission until they have at manuring it, turning soil, planting least 10 workers on the field; flowers, watering them and tidying it on the other hand, the mission every day. To whitewash Sisters' waits for official sanction before adding to the staff. Eventually, the vice-governor gave permis- sion to occupy a site at Kayero. While the Board expects to send missionaries to Belgium this

rooms twice a month. To cut lawns One day a State official came dred thousand Jews have come to gather taxes. He saw that to settle in Palestine, but the once a week, to sweep them and tidy Bazele was well educated and two races do not get along well much more refined than the men together. Great Britain is standoff. To divide fruits from 'rnseleni of the jungle. Just before the ing by her mandate and declares State official left the village he she will keep order and enforce (store) for nursery and Mrs. Drewe called everybody together and justice at any cost. said, "I want you to know that once a week. To un:oad goods from this is a man of God. He is your Colonial Secretary William friend. He has come to help you. G. A. Ormsby-Gore revealed that Natal, such as boxes, and open them When he beats the drum every over 600 persons have been in- one come and hear him. Divide jured in the recent outbreaks, to be unpacked, twice a month. To your food with him." Because and 84 had been killed. The the white man had given his number increases day by day. carry Sisters' boxes to the Night commands the natives obeyed. Racial Bitterness Nurses' huts and to change beds to At the end of six months three men had accepted Jesus Christ In the political disturbances Mrs. Drewe's and tables twice a as their Saviour. Bazele has between Jews and Arabs, a seri- now been in the village about ous phase has been reached, month. To be a messenger to St. four years. There is a church, which calls for special prayer. and a group of people who come Because of the increase in vio- John's, Cottage, St. Monica's, St. every day to learn the Jesus lence the Jewish and Arab com- Christ way to live. munities are now practically Mary's Hospital, Mrs. Drewe and isolated from one another. The Neighboring villages are send- bitter feeling is also reacting Mrs. Hartley two times a day. To ing to Lotumbe, saying, "White seriously on Christian mission- man, send us someone to tell us ary work, one of the regrettable kill a cock three times a month. To about Jesus like Bazele is telling developments being the hostile to his people."-World Call. attitude taken by many Protesmake up French drains and roads tant Christian Arabs towards WESTERN ASIA both the Jews and the British twice a month. To take one bag of Government. Some Arab pas- Palestine in Turmoil tors are even publicly denouncmealies from hospital for nursery ing the present policy from their All Palestine is in commotion, pulpits. once a month, and grind one tin of with riots breaking out in its cities and towns. It is a highly The Arab community finds it mealies for nursery once a month. To tangled situation with roots run- hard to understand the action of ning back through thousands of the Government in recognizing carry one bag of coal for nursery years. The basal trouble is the the claims of the Jews to a coun- presence of two races and two try in which the Arabs have had once a month. To get fruits from the religions, both claiming Pales- undisputed claims for some cen- tine as their holy land. The turies. They feel that their gardens such as apples, peaches, etc., claim of the Jews goes back to rights have been ignored, and Abraham, and of the Arabs to are clamoring for what they betwice a month. To bury poisoned the invasion of the land by Mo- lieve to be justice. But, Pales- hammed twelve hundred years tine is far from being fully ocdogs, cats and dead hens any day ago. The Jews, without a coun- cupied. The incoming of the try anywhere, have always Jews has been an unquestioned it happens. To clean drains in hen- turned their longing eyes to- benefit economically. The Arabs wards it and cherished their re- have themselves profited very runs, to give meajes to the hens every turn to it as their passionate materially from the improved dream. conditions. But they recognize afternoon. To fill up seed boxes with the initiative and the aggressive- The close of the great War, ness of the newcomers, and are soil, manuring them and watering which left Palestine in the hands afraid lest they be eventually of the British, seemed to open dispossessed. them every day, when hot to put mats the door for them to return. The Zionist movement started up to -Christian and Missionon top of young plants to prevent provide the means for consum- ary Alliance. mation. But at once the difficulheat. W ALTER BUT!. ty arose because the Arabs have Modern Times in Arabia so long occupied the land. It The nurses were satisfied. was proposed to buy them out Pious Moslems in Mesopota- -The Mission Field. and millions of dollars were fur- mia used to spend four or five nished for this purpose by Jews months on camel routes to make A Transformation all over the world. Over a hun- the pilgrimage from Baghdad Bazele Daurdi, an evangelist of the Disciples Mission at Coquilhatville had a burning desire to carry the Gospel to some village where the people had never heard of Christ. The missionary sent word to Lotumbe asking what the mission there thought but before an answer was received Bazele had already started. When he and his wife got to the village they had in mind, they beat the big drum and called all the village people together. He told them of the love of God and of Jesus Christ and his love and mercy. Some of the old men came up and said, "Why are you here? Why did you come?" He told them it was because he loved them and God. They retorted that they had never known of a stranger of one tribe loving people who wore different tribal marks and they accused him of being a spy, or a thief. They refused to divide their food with him.

Bazele and his wife built a little house and started a garden but went hungry many times because the people refused to supply food.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to Mecca. Now a motor road strongest Christian centers in felt the great challenge of his reduces the time to four or five the Nizam's Dominions. country's need and resolved to days. Last year a party of Mos- do all that lay in his power. lems came by motor all the way -The Christian. to Mecca from Delhi in north- Mr. Devadhar was President ern India. "A great increase in Growth at Ratnagiri of the Servants of India Society missionary mobility is foreshad- and has been referred to as "the owed," observed The Interna- From the West India Presby- intellectual center of Indian poltional Review of Missi.ons. terian Mission comes the report itics, which he regarded as a that the church at Ratnagiri constructive agency for building INDIA AND BURMA shows growth both in member- the India of his dreams. It was ship and in evangelism. There he who created the "Woman's Serf Saves a Village have been ten children baptized Movement" of India, which has and thirteen members received sent out over 1,300 women as Rev. Charles W. Posnett, Ni- into the communion of the trained social workers, over 300 zam's Dominions, relates the church by profession of their being medical and 1,000 nonstory of a young man named faith in Christ. A Women's medical workers. In Poona alone Punnyadass, whose father was Society, a Temperance Society the organization maintains six bound by a debt of five pounds, and the Y. M. C. A. are func- hostels for women, where there for which he had been working tioning as church activities. are 22 workers and 224 resident for thirty years simply to pay There are ten Sunday schools, pupils and 93 who are partly or the interest. Once a year he was two in the town of Ratnagiri wholly supported by the society. given a blanket, and his wife and eight in the district, con- "Lift up the women and the nawas given a cloth, and daily they ducted under the supervision of tion will lift up itself," is the had only enough food for one the church. The Y. M. C. A., slogan. meaL Anxious that his son at its own expense, made an should rise above this miserable evangelistic tour through the The Baptists in India existence, he sent the boy to Mr. district during the months of Posnett 25 years ago. Punnya- April and May. During the Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, Secredass was trained as an evangel- Christmas holidays, the church tary of the Baptist World Alist, and the villagers of Marelli carried out the week of evan- liance, reported on his visit to begged him to come and teach gelism in Ratnagiri and the India in part as follows: them the Gospel. The village near-by villages. All the men, chief was angry, and said that women and most of the children The Telugu Mission field is the he did not want any Christians took part in this. Twenty vil- largest Baptist field in India. At the in his village. The roof of his lages were visited, many Gospels Assam Centenary celebration in J orshed was pulled down, and sold and tracts distributed. The hat, the conference was attended by everybody who went near him communicant membership is about 5,000 of the 56,000 church memwas persecuted, but the boy won largest in the history of the bers in the province. Twenty-three the love of all. church. languages were represented, though only four or five were officially used. Then plague broke out last A Great Servant It was a strange experience for speakyear, and spread to this village. ers to utter a sentence or two, and Two or three people died, and A writer in Dnyanodaya says wait until the simultaneous translathe whole village was infested that one of his richest experi- tion of the official interpreters and with rats. The chief left the ences was to attend the 60th the murmured rendering by others village and built himself a hut birthday of Mr. Gopal Krishna should cease. A veritable Babel, but two miles away in the jungle; Devadhar-who died last No- also a Pentecost; for the word but Punnyadass obtained medi- vember-and to hear his address reached "every man in his own cine and disinfectants and at- to about two thousand people in tongue." tended to all those who were which he paid tribute to the instricken. He then got the young fluence that missionaries had A Hindu editor, not a Christian, men who were very devoted to upon him in all his life work, was there to express appreciation of him to clean the village and especially the self-forgetting what the Baptist mission had done drive out the plague rats. They spirit shown by missionary for the cultural uplift of the people. whitewashed the houses, inside women. Most moving of all was He spoke of the setting up by the and out, cleaned the roads, and his statement that when he was mission of the first printing press in destroyed everything that they a young man, a missionary in the province, the publication of dicthought would encourage the the Scottish Mission compound tionaries, the circulation of books and rats to stay. Attacks of plague at Jalna pointed out to him how the promotion of education. When he subsided; the people began to the illiterate Indians were wor- had closed his tribute, he raised his feel that as long as Punnyadass shiping the idol Maruti and chal- arm and pointing dramatically to a was there they were safe. The lenged the young Devadhar with group in one corner of the enclosure, chief returned and admitted that the words: "When are you go- he cried, "Who dares to assert that the boy had done a fine work. ing to do something for your Christian missions have failed? This village is now one of the people?" It was in that hour Those men a gene1'ation ago were head that the noble G. K. Devadhar hunters." …

-Canadian Baptist.

Rest Haven in Burma Since January, 1927, when the Peabody-Montgomery Rest Haven was opened in the hills of Taunggyi, Burma, 119 young

women have received treatment al unity, with Nanking's author- Already 18,000 have been settled for tuberculosis. In the entire ity largely recognized; Commu- there and now these 35,000 who province of Burma and the Shan nism almost suppressed in many have signed as being willing to States it has been the only source of the provinces, and the Gov- go are to be transferred there. of help for people suffering from ernment looking forward to a The Provincial Relief Committee this disease. Now word .comes freely elected People's Confer- is contemplating starting emerfrom Miss Lizbeth Hughes: "A ence to adopt a Constitution. gency hospitals there. tubercular clinic has bee n (2) The improvement in means opened in a congested part of of communication in ruined rail- Inspectors in the flooded re- Rangoon. Since this section of ways restored to efficiency; an gion report that the waters are the city is nonresidential, the increased mileage in five years now receding rapidly and over usefulness of the clinic will be of 45,000 miles; and the estab- large areas it will be possible to limited, but it is a good step ishment of airways. (3) The do some sowing this spring. which will lead to a fully expansion of industry whereby However, it is also true that the equipped sanitorium in the hills China manufactures many ar- people who have returned to later on, we hope." The Govern- ticles formerly imported. (4) those parts will be in need of ment is at last realizing this The improved status of women, help for the next three months great need which Christian mis- including the right of daughters as they have no food supplies. sions has been pointing out for to inherit as well as sons; of years. . wives to own and dispose of Y. M. C. A. in Government property; of individuals to free- Schools – Watchman-Examiner. dom of choice in marriage; and the discouraging of concubinage. An immense task has been left Bible Reading in Siam (5) The expansion of improve- behind by the "Youth and Reli- ment of social services as shown gion Movement" campaigns. It The American Bible Society in a national and higher educareports an outstanding growth tional system and a national has been estimated that the toin spiritual interest in eastern health service, at least, in larger tal attendance of the Eddy and Siam. From the reading of the cities. (6) The development of the d e put a t ion meetings Word, with no teacher other a spirit of social service and civ- amounts to 339,595 and the total than the Holy Spirit, hundreds ic responsibility, with the trend number of "decisions" to 12,832. of people in this section of the definitely in the direction of hon- Association secretaries and country have accepted the Gos- esty and efficiency. church workers are simply bepel as the true way of salvation. wildered about the follow-up Whole villages have come to be- All these things are creditea work. Government and nonlieve in Christ as the true Sav- by this journalist, directly or in- Christian private schools iniour of the world, and, with the directly, to Christianity and the creasingly outnumber Christian guidance the Christian workers efforts of missionaries. institutions. This must arrest could give them, a number of the attention of those who are chapels are being built by these -Alliance Weekly. interested in student work in believers. Because of this won- China. According to the latest derful revival movement a Bible Famine and Flood statistics, there are 111 universchool for the training of colo- sities and colleges in the counporteur-evangelists is b e i n g Dr. E. H. Edwards relates try, of which only eighteen are opened in Korat. The plan is to some interesting details concern- Christian. Out of a total of have each village, where there ing the famine and flood relief about 40,000 students in these is a sufficient number of believ- carried on in the Yellow River universities and colleges only ers, select a man, or preferably area of China under the direc- 3,500 are in Christian institua man and wife, send them to tion of Dr. H. R. Williamson, tions. In regard to the middle the Bible training school for a Chairman of the China Interna- schools, only 196 out of a total year, then have them for the tional Famine Relief Commis- of 1,892 are Christian institutraining of colporteur-evangel- sion. tions, and only 30,000 students istic work for a year. This pro- out of 400,000 are in Christian cedure is to continue until each In a recent letter Dr. William- institutions. Roughly we may man has had at least three years son says that the amounts sent say that only one-tenth of our of Bible training. to him have come at exactly the college and middle school stu- right time when Government re- dents are studying in Christian – Watchman-Examiner. lief is failing. "The Provincial institutions and thereby gaining Government has issued an order some kind of knowledge about CHINA that all refugees must leave their Christianity, whereas the other camps by the end of the month. nine-tenths are practically un- Modern China reached by direct Christian in- The Provincial Government, fluences. A journalist, writing in W.orld he goes on to say, contemplates Dominion, lists six outstanding transferring 35,000 of the refu- Christians seem less able ecofeatures in the reconstruction gees to Li-Chin near the mouth nomically to send their sons and taking place in China. These of the Yellow River to help cul- daughters to Christian schools. are (1) The approach to nation- tivate the reclaimed land there.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

They are, therefore, attending Canadian Mission in an obscure neighborhood, where the non-Christian schools in increas- Manchuria people knew my friend and had ing numbers. planned for her to conduct a short- The Canadian Presbyterian term school for two weeks. One stu- -The Chinese Recorder. Mission in South Manchuria has dent would bring a bushel of rice, an- maintained encouraging prog- other vegetables from his garden, and Broadcasting the Bible ress since 1934. There were another oil or a little money. All the nearly 1,000 baptisms in 1935, offerings were pooled and they formed Not by radio but by salesmen. the largest number for any year a committee who should cook, who For many years the Presbyteri- since the inception of the work. should wash dishes, and who should an Mission has engaged colpor- Eleven new centers were opened sweep out the two fairly large mudteurs which were financed by to the Gospel, and other villages floored rooms. the British and Foreign Bible have offered to provide meeting Society in Canton. Under a new houses if the mission will send The next morning we had early arrangement evangelists, Bible them an evangelist. prayer time, communal music and women and other volunteers literacy classes in the morning. I could have taken to selling Bible por- In the southern section of the see peasants and their young children tions on their country trips. field no fewer than 464 memor- as well as their old fathers and moth- They pay the Society a fixed rate ized the golden texts for the en- ers studying out of the same book. per box of portions and are al- tire year. As a reward, those This sort of cooperative school was lowed to keep the proceeds from who could read were given a not an experiment, for the same sort the sales, thus relieving the Chinese translation of Mrs. Go- of thing was going on in many parts strain of economic pressure due forth's stirring book on "Blind of China. to the general depression and Chang." Those unable to read sudden cutting off of the usual were given a Gospel picture. -The Christian Advocate. subsidy from the Board. Al- Ten of the mission's members ready this has resulted in greatly have dedicated their lives to Turning the Other Cheek increased sales during special evangelistic work, and gone for campaigns in cities, market training, at their own expense, A missionary in Linchow towns and at festivals. The to Bible schools and theological sends an account of a young contwenty~ thousand copies ordered seminaries. vert in Pao On who in spite of were soon exhausted and anoth- persecution is steadfast and er order of ten thousand was The vital part of the women's faithful: placed. work is the annual short-term Bible training school, and since Last year he borrowed money to at- Itinerating Among the Loi Manchurian women exercise tend a Christian conference. When he considerable influence over their returned home his father beat him. The Loi people inhabit the men folk, has been the means of His family, especially his uncle, have southwestern part of Hainan equipping many women for been very mean to him because he is Island. A party of 19 which in- fruitful Christian service. a Christian. They have forbidden his cluded missionaries, an evangel- going out with the evangelistic bands, ist, a cook, three Loi school boys -The Life of Faith. but he starts out in another direction and twelve carriers, recently and meets them somewhere on the made a two weeks trip through In Chinese Villages road. He is very helpful in the church, that area. They report that not even helping sweep the floor and light five years ago the number of Muriel Lester of London re- the lamps. One day he reproved his Christians in the Ha Loi area cently completed a trip around uncle's children for mistreating their could almost be counted on the the world. From India she sent dog. His uncle became angry and fingers of one hand. Now the this comment of what she saw threw a large stone at him, injuring entire population of five villages in a Chinese village: him seriously. Despite this fact he worships the Saviour. Not three was put in prison and spent the night years ago, these same villages Among all the villages I saw in there. At first his father took no inwere threatened and their Bi- China one of the most interesting is terest in the matter. He said that his bles, tracts and hymn books pub- a place near Soochow, a city between son was always causing- trouble ever licly burned. Now the chief of Nanking and Shanghai, which is often since he became a Christian. The the whole area is an earnest in- ca'lled the "Venice of China," for there Christians secured his release and quirer. During five days' stay we use canals instead of roads, and talked to the father showing him the in this region, 87 patients were boats instead of buses. The girl whom large stone which had been thrown at treated; many inquirers were we were staying with was a singer, a his son. His heart was finally touched visited, though none were ready lover of children and a Christian. and he was persuaded to send the boy for baptism. For the first time to Linchow to the hospital for treatthe Gospel was taken to the Ha She had given up the foreign house ment. He was especially struck by the Loi tribes themselves. They in the town which was given to her for peaceful manner in which the Chrisseemed genuinely interested and her work, and built a mud cottage in tians settled up the matter. While the asked for more. a quiet village. A low shelf ran round boy was in the hospital the Christians her room, on it all manner of toys, took turns in coming to see him. This picture books, balls, and dolls dear to interested the non-Christians for it the heart of children all the world showed the love of the Christians for over. one another. The father has become interested and has attended a number One day we set out with this friend of meetings. on a little houseboat which was fitted up. most neatly with cooking stove and Fighting Girl Slavery bunks for four people. At the end of the day we arrived in a tiny village in The Methodist Conference of Foochow struck a telling blow at girl slavery. The China Chris- tian Advocate reports: Resolutions were presented on the festering subject of child slavery, pre-

viously adopted by the woman's con- the men's reception room to "dis- educational, (4) cooperative, ference. Dr. Carol Chen of Hwa Nan cuss the doctrine" with Pastor and (5) reorientation. For the College and Mrs. Ling Guong Ing at- David Sung. Mr. Jenness also most part mission hospitals are tacked the evil at every point of its writes of special meetings. still the best and most trusted pU-.Jlic and private implications, de- medical facilities within reasonmanding investigation in the high "Charles Li is thirty-three able reach for millions of people places, and a house cleaning at home. years old, a tall, strongly-built in Asia and Africa. About half man, who five years ago was a the modern hospitals of China The resolutions adopted provide that young salesman in the employ of are still mission hospitals, while all girl slaves shall be freed and shall a British firm in Tsingtao, draw- in Southeastern Asia, parts of be treated as daughters in the family. ing a high salary. He was con- India, Persia, Arabia and equa- This applies to all girls working with- verted, and almost immediately torial Africa, the mission hosout pay, whether or not they have been felt God's call to preach the Gos- pitals are in the preponderance. bought with money. They shall wear pel, resigned his position and Though reasonably classed as the same kind of clothes and eat the went out on faith. His own modern, most of them are small same kind of food as the family, and words are, 'Since then the Lord -not many have over 100 beds receive some education. has never allowed me to suffer -and their equipment varies want. When there has been any considerably. Often they are Included in this action are the lit- lack, it is because I have lacked weak in maintenance funds, labtle daughters-in-law, and provision is here,' and with that he slapped oratories, records and the finer made for their return to their parents' his knees; meaning that when elaborations of hospital adminhomes if for any reason they are not he prayed little he received little. istration and scientific medicine. married at a suitable time. Only a minority, but a rapidly "Several committees were or- growing minority, have X-rays. For The Blind ganized to plan the various phases of the campaign, a the- -Presbyterian Tribune. Mr. Homer S. Wong has an ater was leased for 15 days, the article in the China Critic de- Electric Light Company agreed A Laity Mission scribing work for the blind. He to wire the place for lights, and says there are at least a million when I reached the theater the A church mission by the laity blind Chinese, and probably two first night an electric cross for 1937-38 will be undertaken million partially blind. Fortune- blazed high on the roof. Inside by the evangelism unit· of the telling appears to have been the the ramshackle building were Board of National Missions of traditional occupation of male about 700 people. Banners and the Presbyterian Church. In Chinese blind; and so lucrative Gospel posters decorated the preparation of this mission, has been this profession that dingy old walls, and the whole church Christian fellowships some blind fortune-tellers amass place was flooded with light from will be held to discuss the followconsiderable wealth; and some two huge electric lamps. Smiling ing questions: What Christ who have been educated in ushers with pink badges greeted Means to Me; The World Situa- Braille are tempted to take up all comers at the door and helped tion as It Affects the Christian fortune-telling. Others rely on them to find seats on the narrow Church; the Purpose of the music for a livelihood. saw-horse benches that served as Christian Church; the Present chairs. A large round table near Situation in the Presbyterian Mr. Wong states there are not the rear was presided over by a Church; The Place of the Laity more than three thousand who couple of policemen who occa- in Making the Church Effective; have learned Braille, with about sionally regaled themselves with What Do I Mean to Christ? a thousand still in school learn- tea from a cracked little porceing it. These Braille students are lain pot. The objectives of the mission distributed among thirty-three are: 1. A more definite, vital schools located in fourteen prov- "We are following up the cam- and sacrificial service for Christ inces. Of these, nine are private, paign with Bible classes. We on the part of the ordained offitwenty are missionary and only have special classes in four cers in the churches; 2. A rethree governmental. There are places for the new converts. In affirmation of faith on the part also eight associations and blind all four places over 90 new con- of every member and an accepthomes of which five are mission- verts are enrolled in these Bible ance of Christ's program in ary, two private and one govern- classes." every area of life; 3. Every mental. church member trained to wit- MISCELLANEOUS ness as to his Christian experi- In Shunteh ence; 4. An invitation commit- Century of Medical Missions tee in each local church assum- Rev. Richard E. Jenness, Pres- ing responsibility for winning byterian missionary, writes that Generally speaking, medical others to Jesus Christ as Savanyone who thinks the Gospel of missions may be said to have iour and Lord; 5. A program of Christ has lost its power should had five stages or phases in their evangelism for the laity in every come to Shunteh and attend a one hundred years of history. presbytery. Sunday morning church service. These can be concisely outlined The congregation is made up of as (1) pioneer, (2) hospital, (3) -Presbyterian Tribune. about three-fifths men-farmers, merchants, government school teachers, students and clerks from the district-court. After church service five or six clerks from the court often remain in

~'=================================I'4Y

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=—–=—-=—-=—-===-=——=======I~ Day of Immense Sun. By Blair ment of beauty, simplicity and left! As it is, wild Patagonia Niles. $2.50. Bobbs Merrill, New strength. He adores a little girl York. 1936. of noble birth chosen to become still awaits the Christian mes- a Virgin of the Sun in the con- EI Jimmy, Outlaw of Patag~:mi!l' By vent at Cuzco. From the simple senger. SAMUEL GUY INMAN. Herbert Childs. $3.00. Llppmcott, life of shepherds and peasants Philadelphia. 1936. one is led through the complexi- What Happens After Death! By ties of life in the family of the Rev. William Striker. Cloth, 226 These two volumes are far Inca, on to the invasion of the pp. $1.50. American Tract Soapart, but they' both tell of f?r- empire by the Spaniards, to the ciety, New York City, New York. eigners going to South AmerIca execution of the Son of the Sun, -the Spanish Pizarro in 1539 and finally to the first pulse of In view of the modern tendand the English adventurer, life in that new Inca-Spanish ency of preachers to remain Jimmy Radburne, about the nation-Peru. silent on the great issues of the turn of the last century. future life, one welcomes any El Jimmy is the story of the earnest effort to grapple with Day of Immense Sun is mainly adventures of a rough and re- the really difficult questions, esabout the Inca empire. In these markable Englishman who for pecially when these are considdays of the "New Deal," a forty years lived the life of a ered from the Biblical point of "planned society" and Commu- rancher and outlaw in the wild view. The author of this volnism, Blair Niles has gone to country of Patagonia-one of ume has evidently given much Peru to study the communal life the world's few remaining fron- thoughtful study to the subjects of an ancient people. After two tiers. Jimmy Radburne went which he treats and there IS no years of intense research he has fro m England to Patagonia doubt of his own evangelical brought back to us this beautiful when he was eighteen and first convictions. Perhaps not every story, which along with its pow- got work in Tierra del Fuego in thoughtful evangelical believer erful emotional sweep, gives also the days when the sheep men will be able to follow him in all an accurate historical picture of there were brutally exterminat- of his conclusions. This is due the most remarkable of ancient ing the Fuegian Indians. Cross- to the author's occasional tendcivilizations. Readers will be ing over to the mainland, he ency to enter the realm of specusurprised at the revelations here later became a gaucho on a large lation when discussing such of the perfect organization of sheep ranch. The book tells with topics as paradise and the interthat great socialistic empire gusto of Jimmy's life at the mediate state. Nevertheless, Mr. which extended from Colombia sheep estancias, now and in the Striker is to be commended for on the north down to Chile and early dramatic days. It tells of his courage in attempting to Argentine on the south. It was the sheep industry and of the deal honestly with a very diffiso well organized that there was irresponsible, nomadic life of cult and much neglected subject. practically no want, with little the gauchos. crime, and a remarkable amount F. E. GAEBELEIN. of contentment-to which the As one follows this story he complete absence of money no lives over again in contrast the The Daughter of Abd Salam. By doubt contributed much. The great life of service given by Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Illus. way this life was mercilessly de- Allan Gardner in this same raw Bruce Humphries, Inc. Boston. stroyed by the Spanish conquis- country. If only the missionary tadores, blessed by the Christian forces at home had supported The story of an Arab peasant priest Valverde, in the treacher- Gardner and not allowed him to woman of Palestine interestingly ous murder of the Inca Ata- die of cold and starvation, what pictures the inner life of. t?e peohualpa is told in dramatic terms. a different Patagonia would EI ple of Bible lands. It IS well Jimmy have found! And if written and touches the customs Such information is only inci- Jimmy himself had only used and problems of these people. dental however in a romantic his super-human strength and love story of peculiar beauty and endurance as a "sky pilot" in- H. H.F. chaste idealism. The character stead of a sheep rustler, what a of the shepherd boy Tito is one noble inheritance he might have A Wider World for Women. By that will return to the reader Lucy W. Peabody. 128 pp. Cloth, again and again as an embodi- [443 ] $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York. 1936.

To many Christian women the name of Mrs. Lucy W. Peabody

suggests an oracle whose every What woman will do with her gon" to the Uni,ted States and word is to be heeded. Her mani- suffered a martyr's death, that fold activities as missionary and present freedom is the question. missionary administrator, as his companion Spalding has founder and patron of the Wom- Despite occasional disappoint- been relegated to a rather oben's Union Christian Colleges in scure background. Dr. Drury, China, India and Japan, as inde- ments Mrs. Peabody is incurafatigable protagonist of the who is pastor of the First Pres- Eighteenth Amendment, as the bly optimistic in her estimate of byterian Church of Moscow, moving spirit in the development of the Florida chain of woman. If too much so it is a Idaho, has now brought him formissionary conferences, as mili- ward as a missionary fully entant Christian always, h a v e venial fault which women readearned for her the right to titled to share the honor which speak with assurance. Hers is ily forgive; and perhaps bethe voice of experience. Her has been showered upon his writings are therefore sure to cause of what it reveals of her better known colleague. This attract a large circle of readers. graphic and well-documented belief in them they love and fol- In her latest book, "A Wider account is not a panegyric. The World for Women," Mrs. Pea- low her. Her highest praise is body undertakes in characteris- picture is painted with the warts tic sprightly fashion to discuss reserved for her friends of the included. It is not surprising some of ,the questions which con- that nerves were sometimes on cern women and their relation missionary enterprise, who m edge and that friction developed to society: "Do women need or among strong,' individualistic want a wider world ?"; "Do they she ranks as the incomparable in America require a greater men in remote and lonely outfield for the i r activities?"; exponents of Christian interna- "How are they using the world posts where hardships and perils they already have? What are tionalism and effective advo- were the daily lot. But Spaldtheir limitations? If the femi- ing, as well as Whitman, was a nine sphere widens will the cates of the peace for which the man's sphere narrow?" big man and he did big things. world is athirst. To the Bible, The Nez Perces among whom he For the answer Mrs. Peabody turns to history; first to the as the Word to which woman labored proved to be more re- Bible and then to other records. sponsive than the refractory Her veneration for the Scrip- owes her high estate, a chap- Cayuses in Whitman's field. He tures finds expression in her thesis, that God in his program ter is devoted—eommemoration was not only a successful evanfor the world assigned to woman gelist who baptized more than a definite place as companion of the 400th anniversary of its and helper to man. A discrimi- 900 Indian converts and foundnating appraisal of notable appearance in English printed women of the Old and New Tes- ed nine churches, but he showed taments indicates how they ful- form. To it she summons re- practical resourcefulness in imfilled ,their mission. Other chap- proving the educational and ecoters call the roll of important newed allegiance, suggesting to women of the middle ages and nomic conditions of the Indians. later centuries down to our own women's organizations that they He taught their children in modern era who have rendered constructive s e r vic e to the "start the movement back to the school, showed them how to irriworld.- The rise of women's organizatfons in the nineteenth Book on whose ideals our na- gate and cultivate land, make tools, build houses and weave century traces a steadily ad- tion was founded." Thus the cloth. He brought in improved vancing interest and participa- keynote of the first chapter is breeds of animals and built the tion with increasing responsi- found in the last. first flour mill, sawmill and bility in public affairs. It is a blacksmith shop and operated fascinating pageant, inclusive of In this little volume, well the first printing press. He the humble cottage and the royal worth reading, Mrs. Peabody studied the flora of the region and made a collection of plants palace, of women as mothers, summons Christian women to and flowers which won the praise of the celebrated botanist, home-makers, teachers, nurses, rededicate themselves to a de- Asa Gray, of Harvard Univerphysicians, writers, speakers, termined effort "To mend and sity. He made records of the weather which the Government missionaries, reformers. make over a world out of re- Wilkes' Expedition of 1841 pair," which "is the major task found so accurate that it incor- of women today." B. G. J. porated them in its official re- Kagawa, An Apostle of Japan. By port. He made the first contri- Margaret Baumann. 12mo. 96 pp. bution to Indian linguistics and 75 cents. The Macmillan Co., New translated Scripture portions York. 1936. into Nez Perce. Much might be The life story of this remark- said, too, of his devoted wife, of able Christian Japanese is al- frail physique but indomitable ready well known, through Dr. Axlipg and other biographers. spirit, enduring, as a woman Miss Baumann has given us a brief but dramatic story of Dr. usually does, even more than her Kagawa and his life of sacri- husband the hardships of fron- ficial service. The book is short, tier life. It is a happy coinci- well written, sympathetic and gripping. It is an excellent in- troduction to the little man who is the subject of discussion and of praise in three continents.

Henry Harmon Spalding. By Clif- ford Merrill Drury. Illustrated. 8vo. 438 pp. $3.00. The Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho. 1936.

So much has been written about Marcus Whitman as the heroic pioneer, who "saved Ore-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

dence that this attractive vol- viated sketch of this learned cob- funds, and his labors have not ume appears in the year that is bler who became a pioneer Bap- been in vain in the Lord. being celebrated as the centen- tist missionary in India in 1793. nial of the arrival of those mis- The book reports most of the Christ and the Indian Church. By A. sionary pioneers in the Pacific main facts and incidents in the J. Appasamy. Paper. 172 pp. S. Northwest. life of this pioneer, but it would, P. C. K., Madras, India. 1935. to our mind, be greatly improved ARTHUR J. BROWN. if it were subdivided into chap- Dr. Appasamy is a well edu- ters or sections. As it is this in- cated Indian Christian and the Christ in the Great Forest. By Felix terpretation of Carey and his substance of this book are ad- Faure. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.00. work is presented in one long, dresses given in Bishop's Col- Friendship Press, New York. 1936. unbroken chapter. In the midst lege and elsewhere in Calcutta, of many difficulties, changes Allahabad and Madras. He Life in the villages of West and discouragements, Car e y seeks in this little volume to ex- Africa is full of romance and stands out as a hero who plain fundamental Christian tragedy, of superstition and achieved marvels-in preaching, doctrines to Indian readers. fear. This collection of true teaching, translating and in There are chapters on God, stories by a missionary of the opening the doors to further Christ, the Holy Spirit, the Paris Evangelical Mission gives evangelism. Church, the Sacraments, Prayer, dramatic glimpses of this life- the Bible, the Missionary Task birth, marriage and death; the Arthington's Millions-The Romance and the Future Life-all illusfetishes, medicine men and their of the Arthington Trust. By A. M. trated from the Bible and from black arts. It is a dark picture Chirgwin. Illus. 8vo. 160 pp. Indian traditions. In the s e but is illuminated by the light of Paper, 2s; cloth, 3s. The Living- chapters Dr. Appasamy at- Christ. Members of. the Nuo stone Press, London. 1936. tempts to explain Christian tribe turn to follow God and the teaching-not altogether satisway of "Yesu." They show the Thirty years ago Robert factorily but with deference to power of God to overcome the Arthington of Leeds, England, Christ and the teachings of the power of taboo and witchcraft· a "millionaire pauper," Ie f t Word of God. To our mind the and the temptations of the flesh nearly $5,000,000 to "spread the author does not make sufficiently and the devil. These stories are Word of God amongst the clear the difference between vivid pictures which help us to heathen" (excluding Moslems). Man as God and Christ as God; see life in French Equatorial Now we have a report of how nor does he make plain the Africa and the power of the this money was expended in Af- atonement of Christ on the Gospel. Mrs. Schwab, of the rica, South America, India, cross. The studies are, how- American Presbyterian Mission, China, Tibet, Manchuria, Japan ever, spiritual and interesting as furnishes illuminating explana- and New Guinea. presenting Christian truth from tory notes. an Indian point of view. Arthington was a Quaker and John and Betty Starn: Martyrs. By the son of a brewer who gave up Daniel Alexander Payne: Christian Lee S. Huizinga, M.D. Illus. Paper. his profitable business for con- Educator. By JosephUS R. Coan. 95 pp. 35 cents. Zondervan Pub. science' sa k e. Arthington's 8vo. 139 pp. A. M. E. Book Con- Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 1935. mother was a strong influence in cern, Philadelphia, Pa. 1935. his life. He never married and The story of John and Betty lived like a pauper. He gave The story of this remarkable Stam and their "Miracle Baby" largely during his lifetime and American Negro was published, is now well known through left his fortune to trustees who in brief, in our June REVIEW. many periodical accounts of administered it through Baptist, This fuller record of his life is their martyrdom in China in Methodist, Congregational (L. worth reading. Daniel Payne 1934 and through the volume by M. S.) and a dozen other agen- was born in South Carolina in Mrs. Howard Taylor. There is cies. He was a devout believer 1811, of Negro and Indian parnot enough that is new in this in the Premillennial Second ents, and died 1893. After his record to make it of special Coming of Christ and one of his graduation fro m Gettysburg value but it is well to have the objectives was to prepare the Seminary he was pastor, church story circulated as widely as way for that second advent by historian, teacher, bishop, unipossible through many channels. the preaching of the Gospel to versity president and author of The testimony of John and Betty all nations. This story of Chris- several books and pamphlets. is still effective. tian stewardship and its results His life shows what an asset to is stimulating reading-whether civilization an educated Chris- Carey. By S. Pearce Carey. Illus. one had five dollars or $5,000,- tian Negro can be. 12mo. 127 pp. Marshall, Morgan 000 to invest. Robert Arthing- and Scott. London ls., and Zonder- ton was a student of missions, Long Live the King. By Eric Ac- van Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. not a haphazard giver. He was land and Ernest H. Bartlett. Pp. 40 cents. 1936. devoted to Christ and so was not 373. Price, $1.50. The John C. given to self-indulgence. He Winston Co. 1936. The. name of William Carey was rich in faith as well as in is known and honored wherever This stirring narrative of the the story of the Cross in India reign of George V with a sketch has been proclaimed. Here we have a straightforward, abbre-

of the life of Edward VIII, the od, the most effective use of Students and the Christian World reading, programs of interna- Mission. Report of the Twelfth present King and Emperor, tional fellowship, missions and Quadrennial Convention of the S. worship, making mission study V. M. Edited by Jesse R. Wilson. should be of interest to all those classes mean more, giving and 8vo. 333 pp. $2.00. Student Vol- missions, an interdependent unteer Movement, New York. 1936. who realize the influence and world and missions, responding to human need and building a The Indianapolis convention power of British rule. Mission- new world. marked the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the S. V. M. aries throughout the world have Best of all, for the untrained at Mount Hermon, Massachu- leader, Mr. Irwin has provided setts. It was the latest and perbeen indebted again and again information in certain chapters haps the last of these student to show ways of organizing a missionary conventions. The adto the kind officers of British group as well as interesting de· dresses varied greatly in value vices to catch the interest of the and only a few of them were officials, and next to the loyalty indifferent and uninterested. marked by missionary fire. Most This is the best source book for of the platform addresses are which they owe to the American leaders in this particular field. reported in full and will repay careful reading. They are by republic, many of them feel MARY E. MOORE. such leaders at home as John A. MacKay, Archbishop Wm. Temgrateful for the British throne The China Christian Year Book- ple, Richard Roberts, Robert E. 1934-35. Edited by Frank Rawlin- Speer and John R. Mott; there and all it has signified during son. 8vo. 458 pp. $2.00. Arthur are also missionaries, such as H. Clark Co., Glendale, Calif. 1936. Wm. M. Vories, Frank C. Lauthe past decades. The book is bach and Ray Phillips; some of To cover a nation with one- the strongest addresses are by popular in character and con- fourth the world's population in the Christian products of mis- one volume is no small feat. sions such as Gonzalo Baez tains thirty-one photographic Here, China, the Chinese and Camargo of Mexico, T. Z. Koo of z. their affairs are reviewed from China, Toyohiko Kagawa of Jaillustrations. a Christian standpoint with the pan, and Mrs. Frank Pak of help of twenty-one Chinese and Chosen. Hearts That Understand. By Louise Anglo-Saxon writers, under ar- Harrison McGraw. 8vo. 292 pp. rangement between the Chris- The convention seminars on $1.00. Moody Press, Chicago. 1936. tian Literature Society and the various important topics are in- National Christian Council of adequately presented. The sub- Here is the story of a young China. As usual the volume jects of discussion are listed woman who sought to find her (now a biennial) includes a rec- with brief notes but as a rule sphere in sacrificial "social serv- ord of principal events for 1934- without adequate "Findings." ice" without sensing and minis- 35 and a consideration of the More space is given to questions tering to the deeper spiritual current trends forward. Na- raised than to adequate replies. needs of human lives. Later the tional life, religious life, misheroine, Meriweather Hamilton, sions, education, social, medical Moody Still Lives: Word Pictures discovered and followed the and literary work make up the of D. L. Moody. By Arthur Percy higher, more inclusive way of seven sections. The seven ap- Fitt. 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Flemlife and service. pendices include statistics, bibli- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1936. ography, obituaries, etc. There It is not a great piece of fic- is great variety of subject and Dwight L. Moody was a truly tion but it is a good story with treatment but no one who wishes great man and left a remarkable a purpose and a message that to keep pace with events and impression on the world. His reveals the different types of in- trends in China can afford to name, his character, his mesdividuals and the ideaIs that overlook this volume. Among sage, his work ought never to be characterize various forms of the striking sections are those forgotten and will be remem- Christian work. on "Present-day Thought Move- bered long after the men and ments," by P. C. Hsu; "Modern- women pass away who came un- The Missionary Education of Young ization of Chinese Women," by der his influence. The one hun- People. By John Irwin. $1.00. Miss Ah-Huna Tong; "Chinese dredth anniversary of his birth Missionary Education Movement. Communists," by Geo. W. Shep- will be celebrated next year in New York. 1936. herd; "The Missionary Situa- America and England by a tion," by Margaret Frame; series of memorial meetings in This is the fifth in a series of "China's Cooperative Move- which former students of the Leaders' Handbooks on the prin- ment," by C. F. Strickland; and educational institutions that he ciples and methods of mission- "Medicine in China," by E. H. founded and others who hold his ary education. The author has Hume. memory dear will participate. had a wide experience in leading young people from fifteen to twenty-five years of age in an understanding of the missionary message of Christ to the presentday world. His writings are the sharing of his own practical experiences and leaders will welcome this very helpful addition for their "work libraries."

The book contains fifteen chapters covering a variety of subjects, including the following interpretation of world events in light of missions-the dramatic method, the visual meth-

While the whole of Mr. pened a few times, he never said ten about this fascinating coun- Moody's sixty-two years is cov- a word." ered in this brief volume, it is try and people. Here we have a chiefly a series of reminiscences As to Mr. Moody's method of by his son-in-law and former preparing sermons, Mr. Fitt scholarly book which should ap- secretary. It has been written says: "Having decided upon a to help commemorate the anni- text or topic, he would take a peal to every student of the Bi- versary. Already six or seven large blue linen envelope, of biographies have been published, which he kept a stock on hand, ble. two by his son William R. and write on it the title or Scrip- Moody, one by J. Wilbur Chap- ture reference – "Sowing and The author presents well man, one by Gamaliel Bradford, Reaping"; "Psalm 23," etc. In two in the Colportage Library these envelopes he stored his thought out evidences to show by A. P. Fitt and Paul Moody, own thoughts, outlines and an- and two brief appreciations by ecdotes, clippings from papers, that not alone is Palestine the Dr. Charles R. Erdman and Dr. extracts copied from other men's John McDowell. These latest sermons and from commentaries land of the Bible dependent for reminiscences by Mr. Fitt con- and other writings, newspaper tain little that is new, omit much reports of a sermon whenever its religious concepts upon the that is important and make no it got into print, anything that pretence to literary merit, but had a bearing on the subject. civilizations of the Nile and they are interesting and entire- When he wished to preach on ly sympathetic with Mr. Moody's that topic he would go through Euphrates Valleys. He shows beliefs, aims and achievements. the contents as an auxiliary to the Bible itself and organize his that in this hitherto unknown Mr. Fitt came into contact address. Then he would take . with Mr. Moody just before the double sheets of writing paper, desert lying back of Palestine- write on these in large script Chicago World's Fair campaign catchwords or phrases that Syria is a third source which would recall his prepared mate- in 1893, six years before Mr. rial and slip these sheets into has contributed much to the Bi- his Bible under elastic bands. Moody's death. He became his Thus, with his open Bible in his ble. He says, "But there is a hand or on the pulpit, he had secretary and son-in-law and so before him the outline of his peculiar color and atmosphere sermon . . . After the ad- knew him intimately. After Mr. dress he would place the notes to the biblical life which giv~s in the envelope and write on the Moody's death Mr. Fitt was for outside the name of the town or it its special tone, so that church where the address was a time closely connected with deli vered." it is not just another "civiliza- Moody Bible Institute. Mr. Fitt shows Mr. Moody to tion," another "culture." "And have been a firm believer in the One of the best contributions inspired truth of the whole Bi- that touch comes from the ex- that Mr. Fitt makes to our ble, a man of prayer, dependent knowledge of Mr. Moody in this on the power of the Spirit, a panses and free-moving life of volume is his testimony to the great-hearted lover of his fellow great evangelist's retiring mod- men, a devoted husband and fa- what we call Arabia." esty and his self-denying atti- ther, and a humble, open-minded tude toward money-a contrast learner. Mr. Moody still lives- Under the desert sands lie to some other evangelists. Mr. for Christ lives in the institu- Fitt says: tions he founded and in the men buried many secrets which alone and women whom he led to "He never once tried to create Christ. excavations reveal. There is a sense of his self-importance, . . . compensation never en- Arabia and the Bible. By James A. therefore being revealed slowly tered into his dealings with a Montgomery. 207 pp. University committee (in his evangelistic of Pennsylvania Press. Philadel- proofs that the three eastern re- work). He would not allow any phia. 1934. sum to be set, nor any collections ligions, Islam, Judaism and to be taken for him. Before he Arabia is increasingly attract- left a town the treasurer of the ing the attention of the world. Christianity certainly had their meetings usually handed him a Many new books are being writ- sealed envelope, which he put in birth within this desert and his pocket without looking at it; no one but his wife, to whom he therefore the history and culture handed all his income, ever knew what compensation he received. of Palestine is closely allied and Even when he received no per- sonal compensation, which hap- connected with the history of this fascinating desert and des- ert people.

From such studies as Philol- ogy, early Arabian letters, trade routes, and secular history he draws his evidences. He cites many quotations from the Bible itself and shows how they agree with the recent discoveries made within the Arabian Desert. One reaches the end of the book feel- ing that Arabia and the Bible are more closely allied than scholars have hitherto admitted.

New and wonderful vistas of truth are opened.

To the missionary worker among Moslems this book adds new lustre to his pearl of hope.

In the light of Dr. Montgomery's studies such passages as Psalm 72 and Isaiah 21 and Isaiah 60 ring out with new fervor and challenge to greater faith and confidence. HAROLD STORM.

Books A Keen Look at the Last Book of the The Roman Empire-Its Coming Re-

Bible. E. Perkins. 128 pp. $1.25. vival and end. W. E. Vine. 18. 94 Apolo of the Pigmy Forest. A. B. Revell. New York. pp. Pickering & Inglis. London. Lloyd. Is. C. M. S. London. Levuka Days of a Parson in Poly- Statement Exhibiting the Moral and African Bridge Builders. Edited by nesia. C. W. Whonsbon Aston. 95 Material Progress and Conditions Williams C. Bell. $1.00 cloth, 60 pp. Is. S. P. G. London. of India, 1933-34. S. F. Stewart. cents paper. 169 pp. Friendship Map. 196 pp. H. M. Stationery Press. New York. New Life the Dead Receive. 1935 Office, London. Report of the China Inland Mission. Across the Years-An Autobiog- 58 pp. London. The Turkish Transformation. A raphy. Charles Stedman Macfar- Study in Social and Religious De- land. $2.75. 367 pp. Macmillan. Night Tragedies of Scripture. R. J. velopment. Henry Elisha Allen. New York. Smithson. 96 pp. Is. Pickering & 251 pp. University Press. Chi- Inglis. London. cago. $2.50. The Bible Triumphant. C. Urquhart. 144 pp. 2s. 6d. Picking & Inglis. Out of Africa. Emory Ross. 216 pp. Anthea's Ambition. Grace Pettman. London. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents paper. Friend- 188 pp. Is. 6d. Pickering and ship Press. New York. Inglis. London. Jacob Burkhard. Mary Yoder Burk- hard. 214 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents The Only Hope of the Church of If you use paper. Published by author. Gosh- God. What Is It? 158 pp. 2s. en, Ind. Pickering & Inglis. London. PRINTING The Customs of the Baganda. Sir A Preface to Racial Understanding. YOU will profit from an ac- Apolo Kagwa. Translated by Er- Charles S. Johnson. 205 pp. $1.00. quaintanceship with us. We nest B. Kalibala. 200 pp. $4.00. Friendship Press. New York. do the job complete in our own Columbia University Press. New plant, whether it be large or York. Annual Report of the Rockefeller small. Foundation. 480 pp. New York. Christianity in Thought and Practice. While our specialty is Books, William Temple. 112 pp. $1.50. Students and the Christian W orId Magadnes and Pamphlets, yet Morehouse Pub. Co. Milwaukee. Mission. Edited by Jesse R. Wil- we have a variety of modern son. 326 pp. $2.00. Student Volun- equipment to meet all the re- A Century of Mission Work in Iran. teer Movement. New York. quirements of your particular A Report of the Presbyterian job. You will find our service Church. 170 pp. American Mission The Soul of Egypt. Allison Douglas prompt, careful and courteous. Press. Beirut, Syria. Bantros. 40 cents. Zondervan Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. Will you allow us to estimate EI Jimmy, Outlaw of Patagonia. on your next printing? We be- Herbert Childs. $3.00. Lippincott. The Story of the American Negro. lieve you will be delighted with Phila., Pa. Ina Corinne Brown. 208 pp. $1.00. our product, price and service. Friendship Press. New York. Ethiopia. John H. Shaw. 95 pp. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Ethiopian Consulate. New York. The Search for a New Strategy in Protestantism. Ivan Lee Holt. 190 PTinters of For Me to Live. Alice M. Ardagh. 208 pp. $1.50. Cokes,mry Press. Nash- The Missionary Re"iew of the World pp. $1.00. B. 1. C. Assn. Chicago. ville, Tenn. PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE The Gospel We Preach and the Swan Song of Paul. Herber Lockyer. Third Ind Reily Slreets Hlrrlsburl, PL Beauty of the Christian Faith. 93 pp. American Bible Conference George Goodman. Is. 96 pp. Pick- Assn. Philadelphia, Pa. PROMISE ering & Inglis. London. The Three Freds-Martyred Pioneers The Heritage of Saints. Herbert for Christ in Brazil. Wm. J. W. Lockyer. 127 pp. Is. Pickering & Roome. 126 pp. 40 cents. Zonder- Inglis. London. van Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Kowateekay-One Act Folk Play. The Way of Partnership. S. A. Mor- Alice Carter Cook. 16 Pp. 25 cents. rison. 87 pp. Is. C. M. S. London. Bruce Humphries. Boston, Mass. We Sing America. Marion Cuthbert. CALVERT' 117 pp. $1.00 cloth, 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. New York. "The School That Comes To You" With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hunter B. Blakely. 160 pp. 50 cents. Pres- No matter where you live, you can byterian Committee on Publication. give your child a superior education Richmond, Va. from kindergarten to high school with Calvert School home study courses. Moody Still Lives. Arthur Percy Fitt. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New Recommended by Mission Boards, York. Educators, State Department and Army and Navy Officials. With the use To Read of this Course, every and Keep Daily lessons, selected books, station- Young People's Society may Circulating ery, special materials and personal be converted into a School for guidance . . . by mail . . . from our Bible Training, Dr. R. A. Torrey's "HOW TO prominent and successful private day PRAY," a notable 128·page school in Baltimore. 1936 STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE – book, and receive copy for this purpose FREE. Write today for illustrated catalog. Four Parts-52 Lessons, Part I, The Bible-The God 01 the Bible, Part II, The Christ 01 the Bible • Mrs. G. S. Rhoads. ,-The Holy Spirit. Part III, Man-Sin and Redemp- Director 0/ Home Instruction tion. Part IV, The Church-Future Events, BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASSOCIATION CALVERT SCHOOL Send lSc in stilmps for current issue. 849m N. Wells St., Chicago, Illinois 189 Tuscany Rd., Baltimore, Md. HRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INC: 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa.

[448 ]

Notes Russia as a representative of his sion in China, died April 19th

church and, in 1931, was decorated Paoting. For years she had the dis- Commissioner Samuel L. Brengle, by President Von Hindenburg with tinction of being the oldest living mis- the Order of the German Red Cross sionary, and quite likely the oldest D.D., a world famous officer of the for his services in European relief living foreigner in all China. Miss Salvation Army, died at his home in after the War. In 1898 he married Andrews was born in Cleveland, Ohio, Scarsdale, N. Y., on May 20th. Com- Hermine E. Ohl who survives him. in 1840, and went to China in 1868. missioner Brengle has had a world- Dr. Benze was for some years asso- ciated with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW *** wide influence as an evangelist and OF THE WORLD as translator of articexponent of personal holiness. He les and news from foreign language Dr. S. D. Gordon, the widely known periodicals. and highly esteemed author of "Quiet originally came from Indiana and was Talks" died in Salem, North Carograduated from DePauw University *** lina, on June 26th after a few weeks' illness. He was born in Philadelphia and the Theological School of Boston James Hudson Edgar, a missionary in 1859 and was converted under D. L. of the China Inland Mission at Tat- Moody. He became a Y. M. C. A. University. He was for a time pastor sienlu, Szechwan, China, and agent of secretary but in 1895 resigned in or- the National Bible Society of Scot- der to devote himself to writing and of the Methodist Episcopal church of land, died last spring after thirty-five speaking on spiritual themes. Hun- South Bend, Ind., but joined the Sal- years of labor in the wild borderland dreds of thousands of his books were between China and Tibet. He was a sold and he conducted conferences in vation Army fifty years ago and was fellow of the Royal Geographical So- many lands. Mrs. Gordon survives ciety and a Fellow of the Royal Asi- him and the influence of his Bible given the unusual honor of being ap- messages will abide. atic Society. pointed to the rank of Commissioner *** in 1926. He retired from active serv- *** ice in 1931 and was decorated with The Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., The Rt. Rev. Albion Williamson one of the best known and best loved the "Order of the Founder." Although Knight, the first Missionary Bishop Christian preachers and lecturers in of Cuba of the Protestant Episcopal America, died of peritonitis at Platts- 78 years of age at the time of his Church, died June 9th. He was born burg, New York, on JUly 12th. Dr. death, Commissioner Brengle was ac- at White Springs, Florida, August Cadman was born in England seventy- 24, 1859. Bishop Knight served as one years ago and came to America tive till the last as a soul-winner and bishop in charge of Haiti, Puerto in 1895 to take up the pastorate of Rico and the Panama Canal Zone; the Methodist Metropolitan Temple in Bible teacher. His books have been a later he became president of the Uni- New York City. He went to the Cengreat blessing to multitudes. They versity of the South. In 1923 he be- tral Congregational Church in Brook- came bishop coadjutor of New Jersey lyn and was pastor there for thirtyinclude, "Helps to Holiness," "The which position he resigned in 1935 five years. Dr. Cadman was particu- because of ill health. larly famous for his lectures and radio Soul-Winner's Secret," "Resurrection, addresses and was formerly presi- Life and Power." *** dent of the Federal Council of Churches. He was very widely read *** Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, Senior and was known for his brotherly spir- Suffragan Bishop of the Protestant Dr. John A. Snell, Superintendent Episcopal diocese of New York died it. of Soochow Hospital, Soochow, China, on JUly 22d in his eightieth year. He was born in Alexandria, Virginia, on *** died on March 2d, of pneumonia. May 3, 1857. He was very active in the missionary work of his church Mrs. Edith Fox Norton, the widow The Rev. * H* . * D.D., for- and in 1900 became general secretary of Ralph C. Norton and with him co- of the Board of Missions. He was founder of the Belgian Gospel Mis- John Kerr, elected Bishop-Coadjutor of Virginia sion, died in London on July 21st after but resigned a year later to become an operation. Mrs. Norton was a merly a secretary of the American president of the Board of Missions woman of rare Christian spirit and and for a time was editor of The great ability as a writer and speaker. Tract Society and later pastor of the Spirit of Missions. With her husband she became inter- ested in the Belgians during the War Arlington Avenue Pre s b y tel' ian Dr. James L'". B'" art*on, for thirty- and they were instrumental in found- ing a very successful Gospel mission Church in Brooklyn, died while at- three years the beloved and honored which spread to all parts of Belgium. secretary of the American Board of She and her husband were more than tending the General Assembly in Commissioners for Foreign Missions, once received by Queen Wilhelmina died in Boston on July 21st at eighty Syracuse, N. Y., on June 3. Dr. Kerr years of age. He was born in Char- and the value of their work was rec- lotte, Vermont in 1856, was graduated ognized. The Belgians who have been was 78 years of age and had come to from Middlebury College and Hart- born again may be counted to carry ford Theological Seminary. He went on the work but the great difficulty attend the Assembly and to meet his to Turkey as a missionary in 1885, will be in keeping alive interest and served at Harpoot for seven years financial support in the United States. son, Rev. Wm. C. Kerr of Korea, ex- and for two years was president of Perhaps the time has come when the Euphrates College. Dr. Barton did Belgian work should be self-supportpecting to drive back to California valient service as chairman of the ing. Near East Relief and was a valued with him. A daughter, Miss Marcia member of many other boards. He *** was author of several volumes on Kerr, is a secretary of the Presby- missions and the Near East. Julia Anna Eliza Gulick, one of the famous family of that name, who laterian Board of Foreign Missions in '" * '" bored under the American Board for 35 years in Japan, died recently in the Pacific district. Dr. Kerr retired Elizabeth P. Tenny, widow of Dr. Hawaii. She was an evangelistic mis- Charles B. Tenny, of Japan, died on sionary who did effective work for from the active ministry in 1928 hav- May 13th in Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Japanese women. She was appointed ing served the cause of Christ for 46 Tenny was born in Okayama, Japan, by the Woman's Board of Missions to years. of missionary parents. Japan in 1873 and in 1908 was called back to Hawaii by the Woman's Board *** '" '" * of Missions of Hawaii to work among the Japanese there. She retired from Mrs. Robert F. Fitch, Presbyterian Miss Mary E. Andrews, a mission- active service 16 years ago. missionary in China since 1898, re- ary under the American Board Miscently died at Hangchow, China. Mrs. Fitch was a graduate of Wooster College and had spent all her married life in China in connection with schools and colleges, Dr. Fitch being president of the Hangchow College from 1923 to 1931.

*** Dr. John Alfred Morehead, for twelve years president of the Luther- an World Convention, died on June 1st.

The Rev. C. T*he*odo*re Benze, D.D., Professor of Theology at the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Pa., died at his home on July 3d at the age of 71. Dr. Benze had been ill for some time and had recently undergone an operation. He taught Old Testament theology in the Lutheran Seminary for the past ten years; was a member of the General Council of the Lutheran Foreign Mission Board, and exerted a wide influence in his church. He traveled in India, Germany and

and Reality •In

Viewed by Africans and Missionaries ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS PROGRESS AND CHALLENGE IN AFRICA By ALEXANDER McLEISH THE AFRICAN'S VIEW OF AFRICA J. By VARIOUS AUTHORS-PREPARED BY D. TAYLOR THE PRINTED WORD AMONG THE BANTU By ROBERT H. W. SHEPHERD GREAT HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN PROGRESS By C. S. JENKINS VICTORIES OF THE GOSPEL AMONG AFRICANS By THOMAS MOODY AND OTHERS AFRICAN VIEWS OF JESUS CHRIST By THE BISHOP OF UGANDA PIONEER WORK IN AFRICA By HERBERT SMITH THE ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN PAGAN AFRICA By KENNETH G. GRUBB REVIVAL IN CENTRAL AFRICA By ANDREW MACBEATH SEND YOUR ORDER NOW ================ 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year Special Price in Quantities if ordered before September 10 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

Robert E. Speer, President Delavan 1. Pierson, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1933

OCTOBER,1933

What Can We Expect of Youth?

s. Franklin Mack Shall the Tent–Makers Preach?

Paul W. Harrison How the Revival Came to Persia William M. Miller Presenting Christ to the Foreign Born Edward Catlos Revealing Christ to Students in Asia v. W. Dyer When Missionary Incomes Decrease A Symposium

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With Subscriptions to "The Missionary Review"

W E WANT to enlist every subscriber to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in an effort to secure new subscribers. So we have selected from many publishers choice offerings of new and standard books. The plan is simple. For every new subscription sent us (U. S. and Canada. $2.50; Foreign. $3.00) we will allow a credit of 75 cents. toward the purchase of any book listed on this page. Begin on your list now. in your own church or community, and secure free one or more of these valuable books.

The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown sons for b~lief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical Jesus Chnst. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. !1 B:s Com- forty years in t~e s~udy of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a and declares unflinchmgly for the abso- single volume a continuous stream of clear. lute suprema~y of Jesus ~s the Son of critical. and explanatory comments on every God all:d Saviour of mankmd. . verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages.

PresIdent J. Ross Stevenson (Prlnce- Regular price $7.50. Special $3.50 D aVI"s B1'b'le Dl'cb,onary . ton Theological Seminary) says: "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious literature. . .. It will have By J. D. DaIJis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.

a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible. not of speculation about the Bible. It Chrl'St PP•O;W SS:hI'b·rtIw'ee.?II IS seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance By with things Biblical. It is furnished with W 'rl s o n othnee calnaidmoonflythDeivRienleigRioenligoifonC. hrist as the authoritative illustrations. The interpre- Author of "The Christ We Forget," etc. Cloth. $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by volved in the statement of facts will be found to be sober. fair and scholarly. presenting to his readers a fascinating and George Muller of Bristol compelling picture of Jesus. as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 ceil·ed of Him in his own experience. from The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workers' the pages of history. and in the story of teenth century Christian. who received over Commentary our own times. "I came first to know $7.000.000 without asking man for a Him nearly fifty years ago." says this penny. is one of the most inspiring in By Dr. James M. Gray journalist of international reputation. Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of ten the authorized memoir of this remark- the whole Bible in one volume. and for a great charm, a plea of great power. $2.00 able man for both British and American price within the reach of all. This desir- T he Beauty 0 f Jesus readers. It presents not merely the ex- able combination has never been offered 80 By Gipsy Smith A new, intensely moving book of mem- ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors. but the attractively. This is eminently the Comories and reflections qf Gipsy Smith. covering a period' of more than twenty-five secret springs of his accomplishments. mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- yea"rAs fascinating story of the experiences The Progress Cloth. $2.50 day School tcachers will find it a rich mine.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD Money for Foreign Missionaries DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- VOL. LVI OCT., 1933 No. 10 sionary Bureau as the most economical source for personal supplies and mis- publ1cation and Business Office sion equipment of high quality. Tbird and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Editorial and Executive Office of Foreign Missions find that our 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City free catalog and special discount list Entered as second-class matter at enables them to save money for their Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under stations. Act of March 3, 1879. MISSION Boards can economize by 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year selecting hardware, paints and other Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. building materials from our catalog, for publisued monthly-All rights re- shipment abroad. served. Copyrighted 1933 by the If you haven't a Montgomery Ward MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. LHmING CO., INC. MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. "Empress" Luxury – with – Econ- ROBERT E. SPEER, President omy ••• The"Empress" fleetcomprise& WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President them out for the REVIEW or tell us the largest, fastest ships on the Pacific. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer from whom we can obtain them? Go Tourist for most comfortable low- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary priced travel. Go First Class for luxmy SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** that rivals anything on the Seven Seas. MRS. OllRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHABD How much you would miss if YOu Choice of Two Fast Routes ••• ERIC M. NORTH could not read! Books offer educa- Direct Express Route ••• Empress of MILTON T. STAUFFER tion, amusement, inspiration, friend- Asia and Empress of Russia … Yoko- A. L. WARNSHUIS ship. They offer a substitute for col- hama in 10 days flat! Via Honolulu • •• SAMUEL M. ZWEMER lege, travel, conferences, personal con- Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner tacts. Read our special book offer in on the Pacific) and Empress of Canada Editorial Chat this issue. If you will act on it, you .•• Honolulu in 5 days and Yokohama can obtain good books free. You will in just 8 days more! Opportunity's "back hair" is still also help the Cause of Christ and pro- mote the influence of the REVIEW. GO EMPRESS ••• to Honolulu, missing. Everyone within reach should Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, attend the United Missionary Meet- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila ings to be held this autumn in Ameri- Sailings from Vancouver and Victoria. ca. Such inspiring speakers as Dr. Fast, convenient trains direct to ship- side at Vancouver. Ifyou sail from Los E. Stanley Jones, of India, Dr. Her- Angeles and San Francisco, you can con- nect with "Empresses" at Honolulu. man C. E. Liu, of Shanghai, Dr. Wu, Orient fares include passage from Seat- tle. Reduced round-trip fares. Informaof Nanking and Dr. Charles R. Wat- tion from any Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, osfotn~n.of Cairo, do not come our way Montreal, Vancouver, and 30 other There will be large audiences. cities in United States and Canada.

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Copyright-(J'h;icago AeriaJ Survey

THE PRE'SENT-AN AIRPLANE VIEW OF THE CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITION Service, N. Y. A CENTURY AGO-A REPLICA OF FORT DEARBORN AS IT WAS.

CHICAGO OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TEN OCTOBER, 1933 Topies of the Times THE QUESTION OF LOYALTY Those who propose to form the new independ- Love separates as well as unites. The love of ent board plan to select their own missionaries, the world separates from God and love to God and to receive and transmit money for the support separates from the world. Love-which is not a of workers and work acceptable to them. Like selfish fancy but a sacrificial devotion-is insepa- most church splits this course seems unwise and rable from loyalty. For this reason love of the unnecessary. truth sometimes divides those who have differing views of what is truth. Human conceptions of It is true that accusations have come from the truth and loyalty cause wars, divide families, split mission fields and from members of the Church at home that some missionaries have departed churches. from the faith of the Church that supports them or are not living and teaching in full harmony Many divisions have come in mission work be- with New Testament standards. It is unforcause followers of Christ could not agree on defi- tunately true that some missionaries have proved nitions, conceptions, methods. Such disagree- unworthy representatives but such criticisms are ments began in the Apostolic Church and they not confined to denominational missionaries, they have continued to the present. In recent years also apply to some representatives of independent disaffected Baptists and Anglicans in England missions. The first question to be settled is as to have established new missionary societies because the truth of the accusations. If any mission of theological controversies. In Canada the Pres- workers, at home or abroad, are proved disloyal byterians have divided; in America an independ- to Christ and His standards, as revealed in the ent Baptist mission has been formed and ~t~er New Testament, or out of harmony with the misdenominational groups have threatened to dIvIde sionary purpose of the Church, their connection because of similar disagreements. Every church with the work shouId cease. This course has been has in it members who find it difficult to think and followed in some cases. We believe, however, that work in harmony. no body of Christian workers, as a rule, are more Recently a group of conservative Christians, loyal and worthy of support than are the miswith strong convictions, have announced their sionaries on the field. It is always difficult to purpose to form, not a new ecclesiastical body, ~)Ut overtake a rumor or to disprove a suspicion. a new mission board within the PresbyterIan Loyalty is founded on confidence in persons, and Church, U. S. A. This course is taken because of on devotion to Christ, rather than on agreement disagreement with the present Mission Board as with other Christians in all points of policy and to the type of missionaries to be sent to the field, emphasis. the form of work to be conducted and the doc- What are the definite principles which may trines to be emphasized. The present Board is, guide Christians in the home church in their suphowever, the authorized missionary agency of the port of mission work? Presbyterian Church and has been overwhelm- 1. Loyalty to Jesus Christ and His message, as revealed ingly endorsed by the General Assem~ly, the in the Scriptures, must .be supreme~ There may be dif- highest ecclesiastical tribunal. The doctrmes ac- ferenceS of gifts, interpretations, operations, ministries, cepted by the Board are those of the Presbyteri.an among His followers, but loyalty to Christ should pro- mote unity rather than divisions. Church. The ability, Christian character, faIth 2. Any church has a right to expect loyalty from its and unselfish devotion of the secretaries is unquestioried~ members. This includes moral and financial support for the work committed to its mission boards. If any mem- [475 ]

ber, out of loyalty to Christ, cannot conscientiously sup- of sympathy and cooperation thrown across naport the church and its work, the consistent step is to with- tional boundaries that we were told that war of draw, rather than to split the body or to disaffect other any size and duration had become impossible. members. Then came the Great War and these international bonds broke like gossamer threads. Alone the for- 3. We believe that the vast body of workers, especially eign missionary movement maintained its intermissionaries, are in harmony with the purposes and principles of the churches they represent. Personal contribu- tions may be designated so that they go to work and work- national ideals, continuing its organization in ers with which the givers are in full sympathy. quiescent form where it could not function ac- tively, never abandoning the ideal, and renewing 4. The Church of God and the work of God is larger these bonds in ever strengthened form at the close than anyone denominational group or any particular field. of the war in the organization of the International While a member's first obligation is to his own church, Missionary Council. it is his privilege to support other work also. "Tithes" may go to the board work and "free will offerings" to any independent enterprises that are promoting the cause of At present we are witnessing the lowest ebb of Christ. Their number, wide distribution and effectiveness the international spirit in political and economic are a cause for rejoicing-not of jealousy. circles. Edward A. Filene, a leading Boston mer- chant, returning recently from Europe, is reported 5. Every church and organization needs critics who are as declaring: "All European countries are headed loyal, intelligent and courageous in pointing out errors and improvements. They need not resign or create trouble and arouse suspicion because of disagreements, but they for a regime of autocracy – that is, of economic may so exalt Christ and His standards as to promote unity isolation and intense nationalism, and America and effectiveness in reaching His ideals. Life is con- can do no better than to do likewise. . . . .. This tagious. Prayer brings power. The Holy Spirit produces is no time to hope for internationalism in trade. results. . ….. I believe in intelligent selfishness," he added. In similar vein, Dr. Joseph Collins, author 6. If an established board of long experience is ineffective, what is the convincing evidence that a new board will be more wise, more conscientious, more self-sacrificing, and lecturer, returning a week later from Europe, more successful, more used of God? declared: "Today there is no such thing as the vaunted internationalism of the political idealists. 7. The true appraisal of missionary service must be …… What each nation thrusts down the throats from the evidence that God is working and has set His of her people is that 'this is your country and the seal of approval on the men and the methods. If He is best country in the world, so be ready to fight and using workers can we refuse to cooperate? die for it' . . . . .. The idea of loving your fellow man honestly means that you would love to Knowledge, honesty, loyalty, cooperation, self- strangle him if he gets in your way. It is the true sacrifice are prime requisites in any work for survival of the fittest." Christ. One benefit of the present financial difficulties of the boards, together with the criticisms Without venturing to pass judgment on the wisdirected against the work, may be to purge the dom or unwisdom of specific economic or political Church and the missionary force, to clarify the purpose and strengthen the evangelistic program. proposals which have been advanced in interna- An expression of confidence in leaders adds to tional circles, it is impossible to avoid the feeling their responsibility to prove worthy of leadership. that the ideal itself of internationalism and world brotherhood has undergone a serious setback MISSIONS AND INTERNATIONALISM from which it may take years to recover. That the prevailing atmosphere is unfavorable to for- It may be truthfully claimed that the foreign eign missions also goes without saying. But the missionary movement has been, throughout the really important question lies quite in another past hundred years, one of the vital factors in the direction. It is whether the foreign missionary development of a world view and in proclaiming enterprise will respond to the challenge of the the unity of the human race. Internationalism present situation and stand forth as an apostle in political and other circles is of much more re- of world brotherhood in Christ, preaching the cent birth, emerged much more slowly and has Gospel of a world-wide love and service, refusing often carried with it such a spirit of selfishness to yield to selfishness even though advocated by and such attitudes of distrust and suspicion, that nationalism. No corrective to the present spirit of it cannot be regarded as of a piece of the Chris- international ill-will would be so profound and eftian missionary movement to which it owed its fective as a forward movement in foreign mischief impulse. This spirit of internationalism had sions. Here is one field at least in which interna- made considerable progress before the Great War, tional proposals are not dangerous or doubtful.

when international organizations of every sort In the face of so-called international disillusion- came into being, representing scientists, musi- ment, let the Church move forward and outward cians, bankers, artists, literary men, labor groups in the service of Christ.

and peace advocates. So many were the strands CHARLES R. WATSON.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TESTING TIMES IN CUBA We must pray for normal times to come to Cuba soon. This is called the "second independencia," and it really is, The Evangelical Church in Cuba is being put to with the advantage that the Cuban people have learned the most severe test of its young life as the Re- a great lesson. There is much ground for the belief that public struggles to solve its political, industrial a new and better Cuba has been born. and economic problems. With scarcely thirty years' experience, and its organization almost en- The question for the moment and the one that aptirely in the hands of Cuban youth, it is inspiring parently has no answer is: How long will the day to learn of the tact, loyalty and courage with which of quiet and confidence be delayed? the work has been sustained in the midst of such trying circumstances. The Church is small nu- It has been twelve years since Cuban sugar remerically but it represents a fair cross section of turned any profit to the producers. The Island the community, and political leaders of every faith has depended upon this product for its very life. meet in the activities of church work. "We all Each succeeding year has added to the distress and need Christ and His Gospel," writes a young economic need. The Church is more perplexed Cuban pastor. There has fortunately not been the with the poverty and suffering of the population least tendency on the part of any political group surrounding it than it is with the problems of to attack religiori and it is the firm belief of church State, and yet it realizes that these questions are and educational leaders that the present upheaval closely interwoven. As long as the Government will bring with it sympathetic attention to the is unsettled, business falters and the poverty and message of hope, love, and peace that the Church dissatisfaction of the populace make difficult a has taught and preached. settled condition in the capital.

The Council of the Presbytery of Cuba, follow- The Heraldo Cristiano in Havana, in an ediing the establishment of the De Cespedes govern- torial printed a week before the fall of the Mament, prepared a statement of principles that rep- chado government, said: resents the attitude of all church members of that denomination and requested that other churches We should like to hear someone say that the proposed in the Island also subscribe to it. Among other changes in the government will feed the hungry, furnish recommendations it declares in favor of a posi- protection for the homeless, provide instruction for our tive recognition of the sovereign power of God, children, work for our unemployed and raise moral standthe brotherhood of man, equal rights for rich and ards. If this were a part of the new program we would poor, complete separation of Church and State. have great hopes for the future. Our Christian popula- They declare their belief that the only solution to tion, while it awaits a better day, must build for itself, the problems of Cuba, and the problems of the and if these problems must be discussed let us beg of world is found in Christ and His Word; that the those who discuss them that they put salt in their plans. faithful application of the Golden Rule will bring Yes, salt, "the salt of the earth." This is fundamental about a speedy solution. The paper closes with -even though men may not believe it. this very significant paragraph: E. A. ODELL. We believe that the problems of our country are not so much economic, or even social, as they are spiritual. RELIGION AT THE CHICAGO What man needs is a change of heart that can only be EXPOSITION brought about through an intimate knowledge of God and a sincere faith in Christ. This and this only will make The Century of Progress Exposition has our country a truly free nation. brought together a motley crowd from many lands. Between 100,000 and 500,000 have visited There can be no doubt that the present youth the grounds daily. In addition to the noteworthy movement of Cuba will eventually react favorably exhibits showing progress in science and art, on the program of the Church. Many of the very many with selfish purposes, or worse, have underfinest young people of the land have studied at the taken to exploit the visitors by offering trash for feet of Christ during the past three decades since sale, by the use of gambling devices, by tempting the last revolution. Many in the student group, to moral evil for profit or by the promotion of unwho have protested against political and industrial worthy causes. Some exhibits show degeneration abuses, have learned their democracy in the Sun- rather than progress. The "Midway" has offered day schools and day schools of the Evangelical vulgar dances and immoral exhibitions such as Church. They have also learned loyalty. During those in the "Streets of 1?aris," which represent the past three years these Christian students have not the best but the worst side of life. A number remained silent, but they cannot be fooled and of these exhibitions have been closed or modified eventually their ideals for Cuba will find expres- after protests. Investigators report that outside sion. A young Cuban woman writes of the situa- of the Fair grounds evil resorts have thrived on tion: weak and low-minded visitors. The Rev. Philip Yarrow of the Illinois Vigilance Association writes of the closing of more than twenty of these degrading shows and resorts. Anti-Christian and anti-religious literature has also been distributed free or offered for sale.

Among the religious, but non-Christian influ- ing development. During the years 1927-29 ences, are the beautiful Golden Temple, filled with mission enterprises were handicapped due to anti- idols, to represent Buddhism; a Moslem shrine; foreign feeling, inter-province warfare, the shift- a Malay temple and other exhibits picture certain ing of government and the writing of new phases of the ethnic religions. These are also governmental codes, particularly in the field of promoted by addresses given under the auspices education. During the last two years missionary of the "World Fellowship of Faiths." The Parlia- progress has advanced more on account of these ment of Religions, at the first World's Fair in and other difficulties than in spite of them.

Chicago in 1893, was a distinct hindrance to The Church of Christ in China is the Chinese Christian progress since it seemed to put anti- outgrowth of mission work by sixteen denomina- Christian religions on a par with Christianity and led non-Christians to believe that Americans tions from six countries. In 1932 this native are not satisfied with Christ. The present series evangelical church had 821 organized churches of addresses by Jews, Moslems, Hindus, J ains, and 1,204 other preaching places; 334 ordained Buddhists, Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Taoists, Con- native pastors, 1,088 evangelistic workers and fucianists and Shinto leaders can scarcely fail to 120,676 members. The Holy Catholic Church is have a similar compromising influence. Mormons another strong national body, sponsored more and Christian Scientists have special buildings to particularly by the Anglicans. represent their faiths, and the Jews have put on a great Christless historical pageant-"The Ro- Into the southwestern province of Yunnan and mance of a People"-with 3,500 actors and sing- into Manchuria, the Chinese Home Missionary Soers. There is also a reproduction of the Temple ciety, composed of 100 auxiliaries, sends Chinese of Solomon to show the glory that was Israel's. mIssIonaries. For this work, in 1932, ninety- eight per cent of all money came direct from the Among the constructive Christian influences at Chinese. work are such institutions as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the International House, Hull House There is a decided trend toward unification and other settlements; the Hall of Religion, among foreign mission groups. The Christian visited by a thousand people an hour, has many Educational Association is composed of eleven fine exhibits of churches, missions, Sunday provincial education organizations, with educators schools, and the work of various religious so- from many denominations. The Christian Pubcieties. Its bas-relief of Christ, saying "Come lishers Association represents twenty separate Unto Me," and many other features are deeply publishing houses. Six of the largest missionary impressive. The Chalice of Antioch is a large societies working in China have united to form silver cup, beautifully wrolght, said to have been the Associated Mission Treasurers in order to proused by Christians of the first or second century mote economy in financial transactions. Twentyin celebrating the Lord's Supper. An exquisite four of the leading missionary organizations and carving of "The Last Supper" is made in mother their affiliates, both American and European, to- gether with representatives of the Chinese of pearl. Church, are united in the National Christian Definitely Christian activities are carried on by Council, whose purpose is to promote the growth of the Chinese Church. Other cooperating groups the Salvation Army, the Volunteers of America, are doing valuable work. The North China Inthe Moody Church, the Great Commission Prayer dustrial Service Union conducts a school where League, the Chicago Tract Society, the Gospel leaders are trained in spinning and weaving and Tents, and the Noonday Evangelistic Committee. has opened eight separate village industrial The Hymn Festival, conducted by Prof. H. Augus- centers. tine Smith, was an inspirational feature. The daily meetings of the Moody Church have drawn It is difficult to visualize this missionary cause many thousands of visitors who have heard the and effort numerically. But here are facts. There Gospel from such men as Gipsy Smith and Harry is one Christian Chinese to every 1,000 population. Ironsides. The Christian forces of America have, Of the outstanding leaders, to date, one is a Chrishowever, failed to unite in an aggressive Gospel tian to every six non-Christians. As we appraise campaign, to take advantage of the opportunity the missionary enterprise and its achievement in to present Christ to the millions of people drawn China, it is too easy to do it from a strictly Occito Chicago by this Century of Progress Ex- dental standard, making little allowance, if any, position. for the centuries' old customs and a placid, if not THE MISSIONARY TREND IN CHINA passive, temperament. This great missionary ef- fort expended by the Christian people of various The progress of Christian missions in China, nations is bearing fruit in transformed lives, im- says Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, secretary of the Inter- proved living and in the industrial pursuits of the national Missionary Council, is a most encourag- nation.

Can We Expect of Youth?

_.•4J{ By S. FRANKLIN MACK, New York I Young People's Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

MARGARET SLATTERY took as the sub- in moral and spiritual leadership…… We have little ject of an address recently delivered at to hope for from our laymen…… Their loftiest spir- Columbus the words of Chanticleer de- itual level is a cautious morality whose achievement is manding the right to be king of the feathered respectability; and their highest intellectual attainment is some outmoded conceit. In the debacle of their civilizaflock. "The rest of you sing when the sun is high tion they have shown neither imagination nor courage. . . . . . .but I demand the right to lead because I They have lost their heads; they are afraid and cowardly. greet the sun while it is yet dark; while it is yet It is the institutions they have erected which need a mctraF. dark I call the sun for I know that nothing can stop its aris- house-cleaning; all of them, with- out exception….. .

ing." What is the cause of the The shifting to the shoulders; "While it is yet dark," she present chaotic conditions in of youth of an increasing share said, "I have seen YOUTH greet- the world? Many say that of what has long been the re- ing the sun; while we…… the Church has failed. Others sponsibility of adults, and the wait for the dawn!" say that Christians h a v e fact that youth takes the reins My heart quickened as I failed to give youth true with confidence and assurance, heard those words. "While it leadership and to prepare does not mean necessarily that is yet dark," I too have seen them for taking their part in the "new deal" will be better youth "greeting the sun." the fight for truth and justice than the old. "We can hardly The voice of youth is being and clean living. Acknowl- do worse than you have done"

heard in the land, insistent, afeudntgduirnpegr?efsWaeinlhutar-etwsdhoaoetsf artebhboeeulltpiotahusest offers scant comfort to those often defiant, accusing, chal- who, however great may have lenging. It can no longer be youth of today de man d ? been their shortcomings, have silenced, and perhaps it is just What are they preparing to run the course and know the as well; it may do some of us do about it? pitfalls. They have a right to good to be listeners for a Read Mr. Mack's stimu- expect something better. So change. Many thoughtful mem- lating article and see how his they ask of twentieth century bers of the younger generation views fit in with your experi- youth, "What may we expect of feel strongly that those who are ence and convictions. you?"

older have forfeited the right Let us turn the tables for a to lead. In the words of one of moment and ask ourselves by them: "How dare your generation ask anything what we are to judge the adequacy of youth's lead- of us? Whatever we do we can hardly do worse ership. Of what, that their fathers had, will theY than you have done. . . . .. Look at the world you need a double portion; and what, if anything, have made!" will they need that their fathers did not have?

The fairness of such an accusation is conceded They will surely need wisdom, insight and vision, by an increasing number of adults, themselves in lest the future prove unworthy and the past to positions of leadership. Dr. George Lang has this have been in vain. They will need humility, love to say in his Moderator's message to the Synod of and courage-fundamental qualities of the heart.

Alahama (quoted in the World Tomorrow) : They will need, will they not, a high degree of de- In the midst of a society, shot through with racketeer- termination and of commitment to the task. But ing, and its "front" of hypocrisy and skepticism in poli- those of us who call ourselves "Christians" believe tics, business and industry, we have remained silent with that they will need supremely something else, and the silence of unfeeling moral indifference, with silences of doubt, and have no outraged consciences because we that in this they must excel their fathers, who had have stubbornly refused to have our consciences exposed all of these things in greater or lesser degree: to the evils which abound about us…… To look back on they must have an understanding of God's purour witness in this decadent society is to see ourselves in sorry cowardice, ineffective, and without real influence. It pose for the world which relates all that Jesus is not to be wondered at that we stand today discredited Christ was, did and said to every last situation [479 ]

and relationship of every day, here and now. They ground a picture with hope and promise in it, must have unshakable faith in a God who is faith- whose highlights are tinged with the colors of the ful even when we are faithless, and who alone can do what no one of us can ever do: actually change dawn. the hearts and lives of men, and thus bring in the If the Church of today, as they know it, awakens Kingdom. no enthusiasm in its youth, their response to the A survey of the human element in the present mission of the Church, interpreted as the intro- duction of Jesus Christ and his Gospel into all the world situation calls to mind Dr. Albert Schweit- areas, experiences and relationships of life, is zer's words: "To the question whether I am a pes- quite the opposite. In a day when much of the simist or an optimist, I answer that my knowledge world had still to be explored and missionary maps is pessimistic, but my willing and hoping are opti- could depict most of North America and a bit of mistic." There is little enough in the world scene Europe as white and all the rest of the continents to justify optimism. Viewed in the large the youth as black, the idea of missions as geographical exof America seem to be less awake, less at grips tension could evoke enthusiasm. But today we with reality, and therefore less of a vital factor know each other around the world too well. Even in the life of the day than are similar groups in the distinction between "national" and "foreign" many of the European and Asiatic countries. missions is losing the aspect of reality. As the Young people tend to be very much like their era of exploration draws to a close we discover, fathers and mothers and to reproduce the en- what we knew to be a fact all along, that distance vironment to which they have become accustomed. from God cannot be measured in miles. The black Certainly the economic and social insecurity of places of earth are those areas of life where Christ the average college student in America (if there is shut out, and their borders are becoming youth's is any such thing as an "average student") is not to be compared with that of the Chinese, to say new frontier. nothing of the Russian student, in his own country. Where security has been taken away from A World Vision some here in America there have been, as always in the face of tremendous odds, those who have It is not by mere chance that the mIssIOnary suffered defeat; but to others has come a new and study books for young people this year make no transforming appreciation of the significance of distinction between home and foreign missions life through the experience of struggle. Our but concentrate instead on the mission of the schools and colleges have long been, for many if Christian Church in all the world today. There not most of their student population, essentially has seldom if ever been more unanimity of con- 11 continuance of youth's playtime, eddies along- viction in the choice of both theme and approach. side the main current of life's stream; they have More significant still is the decision of national been operated on the theory that the preparation youth leaders, representing more than forty defor life must precede and can be divorced from the nominations and youth organizations, that the acliving of life; they have been protective nests tual present interest of youth justifies making from which the overgrown fledglings will not this same theme into a nation-wide, two-year emerge to tryout their wings until nearly a third youth emphasis. The eager enthusiasm with of life is gone. When vital problems and issues which both the theme and the study books have are discussed or debated it is often with heat, but been received in the young people's conferences all in good fun. Nothing hangs on the issue, not attests the wisdom of the choice. As a young man even bread and butter. put it at the close of one of these conferences, "We're going back home this year with more of a This seems to be changing, be it said for the definite idea of what has to be done and that it's sake of fairness. But the raw material for leader- up to us to actually do something about it." It ship now on hand in our communities and in our did one good to see the light in his eyes and to churches, out of school and ready to "take over," hear the ring of sincerity in his voice as he said it. is the product of a system in which there has been too much of mental and spiritual isolation, with a We still have our extensive world, but the old minimum of experience in "taking over." idea that there is one kind of Christianity, a sort of minimum, for the man in the pew, and an- If there is little in the foregoing that is en- other "full-time" variety for the minister or mis- Gouraging, let us remind ourselves that it is the sionary, is gone forever. The old habits will conbackground that we have been painting, and not tinue, and there will always be, no doubt, "good the picture. For when we look again at our world church members" who call themselves "Chrisof today and at its youth we cannot escape the tians" and are Christians in name only. But it fact that there are other aspects of which we have will be neither fashionable nor comfortable. For yet to take account. It is from these other aspects out of the very confusion of men and of nations that there may be drawn against our dark back- is growing the conviction that the only things worth living for are those that are worth dying

WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF YOUTH?

for. Missionary zeal is no longer the prerogative not most of those who respond, have been pro- of the Church alone. Realistically-minded youth fessing Christians and members of Christian the world over are turning with eagerness and churches, humility and self-examination on the hope to Fascism in its various forms, to Com- part of dissenters would seem to be more in order munism and to Socialism, seeking through these than criticism.

movements to share in the actual building of a Fortunately no group has a monopoly of the ex- new world. It is inevitable that, in their eyes and perience of vital Christian fellowship. With such in the minds of those who are uncertain as to unmistakable evidence of a sense of unmet need which way to move, the Church and the individual on the part of youth it behooves the Church to re- Christian will be rated comparatively in terms of examine its whole youth program. Such a re- zeal and social outreach. Little respect will be examination is being undertaken in the Presby- wasted on individuals, institutions or movements terian Church, U. S. A., by a Youth Spiritual that lack the courage of their convictions. Western Emphasis Committee, which is prayerfully and Christianity is on trial for its very life: reason earnestly seeking to discover, by working through enough why there should be a restudy of the mis- a few representative churches, how the youth pro- sion of the Christian Church in the world of today. gram may be reshaped so as to make inescapable Here and there across the Church, groups of this experience of vital Christian fellowship. The Christian young people have set out to demon- Federal Council's Commission on Evangelism is strate that there is nothing of permanent value seeking through a series of youth meetings to in any of these world movements to which Jesus achieve the same end. Important as is the man- Christ has not already pointed the way and in the ner of approach, it should not be allowed to ob- achievement of which His Church may not lead. scure the fact that here is a trend of youth inter- A state-wide interchurch youth group in Penn- est that is sincere, earnest, and full of great prom- sylvania has been and is at work to provide for ise for the future because it has to do with the the constituent groups in scores of local COmmu- mainspring of life, the heart's devotion.

nities, resource and project materials on the mis- No doubt those about whom we have been writ- sion of the Christian Church in the fields of in- ing are a small minority among the youth of dustry, youth crime, race, agriculture, world America. There is gratifying evidence that among peace, politics, "missions." They have their five- them are to be found the fearless, far-visioned year plan-detailed, realistic, far-seeing. They leaders of tomorrow whom the others will follow.

mean business. So, too, New Jersey youth. In Pitted against them are the almost overwhelming other states many youth groups, large and small, odds of lethargy, institutionalism, compromise are building Christian programs of action that and factionalism in the Church; but they know it, seek to make of every Christian a missionary and with abundant faith and courage undaunted, Christian, beginning in his own community. while it is yet dark, they herald the coming of the The Fellowship Trend sun, for they know that nothing can stop its aris- ing.

Significant and hopeful as is this movement among Christian youth, for the building of a new social order in the name of Christ, there is another THE MEANING OF LIFE trend of the day that i~ even more so. Contrasting sharply with the popular humanism, it reveals (From Miss Quinn'S report of work among Chinese a deep current of desire for close personal fellow- in Korea) ship with Jesus Christ and a working fellowship with other Christians whose zeal for Christ has The Lord I love went home one day, no conscious limitations. The best known and Went home to God. He did not say most widely discussed expression of this desire is How long He would be gone, nor when to be found in the so-called "Oxford Groups" of He would be coming back again. the "First Century Christian Fellowship." It is I only know that He has gone To make a place for me. Some dawn, unfortunate that so much attention has centered Or evening light He'll come for me! on the techniques involved. It is of tremendous Till then there is a task that He significance that literally multitudes of people, Has set for me, His last command,- Christian and non-Christian, old and young, are To preach the Word! 0 heart and hand, responding with eagerness to the offer of a life Be consecrated to His Cause. full of joy and inner peace because lived every Spend strength and purse and store, nor pause hour of every day in conscious fellowship with Until that wondrous prize is wonand full commitment to Jesus Christ. Here is a His tender words-"Belov'd well done!"

great heart-hunger being met and since many, if -The Bible for China,

Christ to the Students of

By V. W. DYER, Rangoon, Burma Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Sodety "ONCE I said I would have my fling but now years before seventeen of them were finally ready I am going to have my fling for the Lord for baptism.

Jesus Christ," was the decision of a Bur- At another mission school the missionary said: mese student from the University of Rangoon "Never in the history of the school has any Bud- soon after our first Gospel Team campaign at dhist boy over twelve years of age taken a stand Bangkok Christian College, Siam. The need of for Christ until the Gospel Team came." Since the students of Asia for Christ and His Gospel, that time scores of older Buddhist boys have been and as well as His influence on them and some won nearly every year. This has been made pos- things they are accomplishing for Him can best sible by the preparation given through faithful be shown by telling something Bible teaching every day in the of the story of the Burma Stu- mission school classes. That dent Gospel Teams. high school has had for several A Vision at Amherst years its own Gospel Team which has won many villagers Twelve years ago at Am- to Christ. The Bassein Pwo herst by the sea, near the grave Karen and Shwegyin Mission of Ann H. Judson, some of us School Gospel Teams of volun- had such a wonderful vision of teers have brought in so many Christ and what He might do additions to the church that with students, if only they mission policy may be proreally walk with Him, that we foundly altered. * could get no peace until we had Thousands of decisions and tried to put into action the vis- baptisms all over Burma have ion we received. In October, resulted from this work car- 1923, at the Baptist Burmese ried on by various missionaries Mission Boys School at Da- and Burmese leaders. These nubyu, lower Burma, eight of SAW CHIT MAUNG additions were only possible us, mostly students from Jud- because of the previous good son College, put on our first A Karen leader of Burmese Student Gospel work and cooperation of many All-Round Program of "Expert Team. A native Karen of high accomplish- faithful missionaries. Between Friendship." After a two days' ments, who gave up an attractive career in 300 and 500 students and teach- the Government service to devote his life to the service of Christ.

retreat for ourselves, a time of prayer and facing ers from seminaries, colleges and schools have up to the Four Absolute Standards of Jesus- year after year participated in the work of the Purity, Honesty, Unselfishness and Love-we won Gospel Teams. Only God knows those who are the students with friendship choruses, group truly converted and are changed from being "di- games, football and concerts at night, closing with vided, wrong, inferior and unhappy into being Negro spirituals and a Christian appeal. unified, right, superior and happy Christians." I am inclined to agree with one of our critics that But winning the boys to ourselves is failure, the chief significance of the Gospel Team work unless we really win them to Christ. Twice a day has been the new and fine leaders developed, espewe gave evangelistic Bible studies on sin and sal- cially the college men and women who are seekvation and, most important of all, we witnessed ing to live consecrated lives and who are committo our actual experience of Christ. With feeble ted to winning men to Christ as the supreme busifaith and great hesitation, I gave the invitation to ness and joy of life. these non-Christian students to accept Christ, thinking that perhaps one Burman boy might re- Dr. E. Stanley Jones wrote, after the campaign spond. Imagine my surprise, and shame because of the Burma Team in nine of the colleges of of my little faith, when at the close of the three- day campaign, fifty took a stand. It was two • The Laymen's Report, pp. 63, 141-143, disapproves of this work.

[482 ] North India in 1930: "I do not know anything out the necessity for a change of heart. It is a that has done us more good in the same length of farce to take the easy-going attitude that it does time than this Gospel Team. One month they not matter much what religion a man has as long were with us and yet they set fires blazing in a as he is sincere, and that we have no right to at- number of places. What was the secret of it?" tempt to persuade men to leave the faith of their More than a year later he wrote during our third fathers. Von Hugel said that the greatest foe of campaign in India: "I am unhesitatingly recom- Christianity today is humanism – a humanism mending this team as exponents of a sane and which leaves out the Lord Jesus Christ.

radiant personal and group evangelism." During a campaign in one of the finest mission Obstacles to Student Evangelism colleges in India, before an eager audience of Hindu and Mohammedan students, one of our Nationalism, race-prejudice, humanism and he- Burmese students gave his testimony as to the donism are among the chief difficulties to be marvelous change which Christ had made in his faced in this student evangelism. "To be a Bur- life and as to the wonderful way in which Christ was continuing to purify and enrich his experi- ence. Those Indian students sat in silence, with wistful faces and hungry hearts, eagerly drank in the message and longing for the reality. Not one of the students cared to speak as they quietly filed out, but one of the missionary professors jauntily remarked: "Where did your student learn to speak such excellent English ?" We were so overcome with the sense of Christ's presence that we had no inclination to think of lesser things. A few months later this same professor BURMA GOSPEL TEAM BUS BOUGHT BY THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF BURMA FOR EVANGELISM man is to be a Buddhist," is the common slogan BURMA GOSPEL TEAM AT YALE MONUMENT, MADRAS, of the country. In Siam a strong feature of their NOVEMBER, 1931 nationalism is loyalty to the state religion. Dr. Stanley Jones says that he does not believe that Tour arranged by Dr. E. Stanley Jones and National Christian India can ever be won to Christ until they get Council of India to prepare vital groups preparatory for the Home Rule. The white man is not loved in the Kingdom of God Movement for India. Team for India Jed by East; so the white missionary works under an V. W. Dyer and Miss G. E. Teele. increasing handicap. When we helped form the first College Gospel Team in Madras, the Indian wrote an article in an important religious journal students said that they wanted a team but did not of India deploring the foreign missionary effort want any missionary on it! In most of the mis- to win men to Christ. He tried to show that all sion colleges and stu.dent groups all over India, we should do .is to teach some of Christ's ideals the dominant desire is for Home Rule rather than of service or to purify Hinduism and Mohamfor Christ's Rule. There is very little effort to medanism. Von Hugel is right (even on the miswin the non-Christians to Christ and a baptism sion field): humanism without Christ is deadly. in a mission college is a rare event. Students of the East are very much like their brothers of the West; they desire a good time and are fast deciding that they want no religion to spoil their fun. Probably love of pleasure is the greatest competitor against evangelical religion. Consequently any evangelism has little chance to succeed unless it can show that Christ's Way of Life is the happiest and best.

The non-Christian religions can never hurt the Christian cause so much as mission forces that become satisfied with a "social gospel" and leave

We are thankful to report that at that same pel Team leaders have continued to lead to greater mission college, after much agony in prayer, to- heights because they have entered into the "joy of gether with considerable personal work, one In- the Lord" here and now and have found that fuldian Christian professor and two nominal Chris- ness of life of Him who went to the cross, not tian students were led into a new and deeper ex- merely for duty's sake, but "for the joy that was perience of Christ so that they testified to victory set before Him." They are thrilled to walk with over the sins which were defeating them. They the Christ of the Burma Road who lived and died were able to form a Gospel Team which grew to for us, saying, on the night before He was cruciinclude fourteen members and had marked suc- fied: "That my joy might be in you." cess in winning converts in the Indian villages. It became the greatest Christian force in the Three Burmese and Karen college men entered college. our Theological Seminary, at Insein, in 1927. They were rather unhappy, non-integrated, puri- The Burman, calleq by the British officials "the tanic and legalists in religion. There was more Irishman of the East," is a happy-go-lucky, pleas- of the Old Testament than the New Testament in ure-loving, volatile and extremely sociable indi- their living. They were of excellent character but vidual. His pride and charm of manners make lacked radiance and power. After several months him feel inferior to none. With it all he is a most of success and failure in Gospel Team work they delightful and lovable person. In fact his love of had an experience of returning with joy like the fun has been the despair of the missionaries for seventy disciples of old. They had something of 120 years of noble and self-sacrificing missionary the experience of Chas. G. Finney who was so effort has resulted in winning only 7,000 Chris- filled with the love of Christ that he called out, tians out of 9 million Burmese. Some mission- "Oh Lord, stay Thy hand; Thy servant is only an aries have almost given up hope of seeing the earthen vessel, he can contain no more." These Burman take life or religion seriously. The ad- students became new men, full of exuberant, conventure of complete surrender to the will of God, tagious power of their Master. They did real the romance of trusting Him utterly, and the joy evangelistic work nearly every week-end and durof Christ made one Burmese college student for- ing all of their summer vacations, without any . sake the Imperial Police Service to become the pay, for four full years of their seminary course. first Burmese Y. M. C. A. secretary. When he They are leaders with initiative and consecration saw that the happiest life is really to be found in enough to create their own constituency. Christ, with Christ, for Christ, he followed with glad abandon, saying: "Now I am going to have Can Others Do Likewise'? my fling for the Lord Jesus Christ!" Is there "a secret" which all can learn so that The Average Church Member they will be enabled to go and do likewise, or far better? The average church member either in Burma or in America is often most wretched because he In an official Baptist missionary publication, experiences neither the pleasures which the devil Streets, is found this statement from a visitor offers, nor the joy of Christ. Specialists in nerv- from America who had been with the Burma Gosous and mental troubles are amazed at the large pel Teams: "If this thing keeps up and spreads, proportion of breakdowns found among church there'll be a Christian age yet!" members. A large contributing cause may be that they feel the repression of church morality This "thing" is the work of the Pentecostal without the joyous freedom of Christ. People Group, the Group Plus, and the Plus is Christ. crave excitement, or at least fr~edom from bore- (Mat. 18: 20.) It is a group controlled by the dom, routine, monotony. The Apostle Paul tells Risen Christ with something of the power of us that the best way to experience this liberation Pentecost together with the solid ethical teachof personality is not to be drunk with wine but to ings of the Sermon on the Mount. Back of this be filled with the Spirit of God. Dr. Earle Pierce, is what Henry Drummond called, "the authority of Minneapolis, said to his young people : "You of law, spiritual, moral, natural law, a structure have just enough religion to make you miserable." reared upon the eternal order of the world, and May not that be the chief trouble with the Church therefore self-evident, self-sustaining and invulboth at home and abroad? nerable." Those who fulfil these moral and spir- itual conditions may experience similar or greater Student evangelism, especially with the Bur- spiritual results. We have on record over 600 mans, must demonstrate that Christ's Way of Life group evangelism experiments of both failure and is actually the most satisfying life. Deep down success which convince us of this challenge: in our hearts, all long for a maximum of pleasure Wherever we fulfil the conditions of Pentecost, and a minimum of pain. This is the residuum of God will give Pentecost. Christ never failed us truth in hedonistic ps!'c}lOlogy. The student Gos· on~e, but we h~ve often f~i1ed Him!

H)33] REVEALING CHRIST TO THE STUDENTS OF ASIA

Our Gospel Teams always emphasize our Three Gospel Team when a crowd of outcaste town "riff- General Principles of Friendship: (1) Friend- raff" tried to break up a testimony meeting with ship with God, (2) Friendship with each other, disorderly conduct. When some Brahmin elders (3) Friendship with all others. Friendship with prevented the utter ruin of the meeting, the God involves at least three things: (1) Complete rowdies were so enraged that they rushed up to surrender to the will of God; a giving up of self- my two athletic companions and spat dirty betel assertion which the East despises so much in us nut juice aJI over their faces and clothes. For a Anglo-Saxons; becoming limp in the hands of the moment I trembled lest my brawny teammates Potter; (2) a faithful observance of the Morn- might give those poor despised outcastes the ing Watch or Quiet Time for prayer and Bible thrashing they so richly deserved. Then I saw study, when we make the necessary spiritual diag- them grit their teeth for self-control and smile! nosis to see ourselves as He sees us and thus But I knew they were thinking of Him upon whom keep on a surrendered basis; (3) Guidance of the His enemies "did spit" and who "when he was re- Holy Spirit which enables us (if we live in ac- viled, reviled not again." Afterwards they told cordance with the Four Absolute Standards of me that they too had learned to pray: "Father, Jesus Christ) to know and follow God's Will for forgive them, for they know not what they do." the day. (See Henry B. Wright's "The Will of God and a Man's Lifework.") There is also the The motto for our South India campaign was principle of restitution, going the second mile, that passage which describes Jesus' Gospel Team: loving our enemies, and other principles of Jesus "With Him the twelve and certain women ….. . that we must take seriously or we will find that preaching and bringing the good news of the we have no spiritual power from God to help Kingdom of God." (Luike 8: 1-3.) It is useless transform men into the image of Christ. Evan- to preach unless, with our very lives, we "bring" gelism succeeds only when it makes men Christ- the Gospel. like. The East is asking, says Prof. Wimam E. Three incidents will illustrate the spirit of Gos- Hocking, What difference does it make here and pel Team leadership. Methods and principles are now, if they accept Christ? "What criterion useless unless they are lived out so that men can have you for the truth of this religion which you see and feel them. God had to be made flesh in profess?" In other words, has Christ solved your order that men might know Him. life's problems so that your life and witness are convincing? Nine Burman college students walked two hundred miles with Dr. Marshall and myself in ten I AM CHRISTIAN YOUTH days from Burma to Siam with the temperature over 110 degrees in the" shade. We lived together, By J. T. MORROW, WICHITA FALLS, TEXAS eating burned rice, sleeping on the ground in the rain; getting on each other's nerves, and under- I am the vitality of the Church today and will going other trials that would have ruined our be its leadership· tomorrow. evangelistic campaign if the presence of Christ and the experience of His love had not enabled us as I have acc~pted Jesus Christ as my Lord and to take seriously our motto: "Invincible Good Will, Brother!" Saviour, and the pattern for my purposeful life. I possess the priceless heritage of Christian One of our finest Karen leaders, a noted football star, had been a church member from child- faith handed down to me by countless hosts of hood. Before Christ was given control of his life, devout believers and enriched by my own perhe was one day very angry at a big British soldier sonal devotion. who spiked him and tore his stocking in an important football match. At the next opportunity I am neither sanctimonious nor pious but am when the referee could not see, the Karen kicked striving to adapt the principles of Jesus to a modthe soldier in the stomach and laid him out. Later ern busy world. the soldier came to the Karen and said threateningly: "How is this?" For reply the Karen I am seeking means of furthering the realm of pointed to his torn stocking and said: "How is Christ in terms of social brotherhood and world that?" Five years later in one of the Gospel Team peace. football matches this Karen received kicks on the shins, as well as unfair criticisms of his character I am searching for Truth through the medium from mercenary relatives or jealous rivals, and he of accurate research. takes them all with a smile and a prayer. I defend my own generation from the pessi- A champion lightweight Burman boxer and a mistic judgments of our older colleagues. leading Karen athlete were with our South India I crave responsibilities and implore the sym- pathetic confidence of my predecessors.

I consecrate my virile body, my developing mind, and my adventurous spirit to the Master of men.

I am Christian Youth!

the Revivals Came in

Looking Backward; Preparing to Commemorate a Century of Protestant Missions in Persia By WILLIAM MeELWIE MILLER, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyteria1z Church, U. S. A.

T HE first American missionaries went to The first revival came in 1846, about ten years Persia in 1834, to open work among the Nes- after the arrival of the first missionaries in torians. These were Syriac-speaking Chris- Urumia. Earnestly had they prayed for its comtians who inhabited the mountains of Kurdistan ing. In April, 1845, the Rev. David Stoddard and the fertile plain of Urumia. The Nestorian wrote to friends in America, "Will not the friends Church had once spread over Asia from the Tigris of the mission beseech the Father of mercies to River to Peking, but during the grant us a powerful outpouring Middle Ages it lost its former of His Spirit; that here the greatness and glory, and the Persia, once a mighty em- Gospel may triumph over the poor remnant of Syrians whom pire under Cyrus the Great, pride, unbelief and deep dethe missionaries of the Amer- was for thousands of years lusions of the human heart, and ican Board found in Persia given over to Sun worship. Jesus Christ be welcomed as a were sunk in ignorance and Later Christianity flourished Saviour, friend, and partner." superstition. They were Chris- for a time and was bitterly tian in little more than name. persecuted. Th~n: came the Within nine months this The purpose of the mission was Mohammedans u n d e r the prayer was granted. The reto revive and enlighten this an- "Camel Driver of Mecca:' and vival appeared first in the two mission schools under the care cient people that they, in turn, today Persia is a Moslem of David Stoddard and Fidelia might once more become a stronghold. But Protestant Fiske. Like most of the remighty influence in the evan- Christian missions have been vivals which followed, this first gelization of Asia. carried on for over one hun- awakening began in connection dred years. There have been with the Day of Prayer in J an- Accordingly Justin Perkins remarkable awakenings in the uary, as both in Persia and with Ashabel Gant and their past and today there are new America earnest prayer was bewives undertook first of all the signs of spiritual power. ing poured out for the convertask of letting in the light of Read this story, take courage sion of souls. Students became divine truth to dispel the dark- and pray. deeply impressed with a sense ness of error. Very few of the men and only one of the women of their sin and need, and also of this people, who numbered began to pray for salvation.

100,000 souls, could read, nor had their spoken Truth which had long lain inactive in their minds language, the modern Syriac, been reduced to now sprang into life in their hearts and gave writing. Schools were started, the Scriptures promise of a harvest in changed character and were translated into the language of the people, a conduct. With joy the laborers welcomed this press was brought out from America and books spiritual springtime! In March, 1846, Perkins were printed, and soon a mighty reformation be- wrote: gan, which finally resulted in the building up of a The revival of which we wrote you last month still prostrong Protestant Church among these Assyrians gresses with increasing interest and power. We are filled and the partial revival of the old church. with wonder, as well as with joy unspeakable, in view of The story of the mission in Persia is full of this work of mercy and grace. In whatever aspect we conthrilling incidents, none of which are more inter- template it, it deeply impresses us as the Lord's doing…. esting than the remarkable revivals which again We expressed the hope that this revival would spread and again visited the mission schools and churches. among the villages; and such is becoming extensively the It is refreshing today to read of these outpourings fact. There are inquirers in several villages, and in one of the Spirit of God upon the dry soil of Urumia village in particular, Geog Tapa by name, a great work is years ago. in progress. Students from the two seminaries have re- turned to their homes in the villages and kindled the fires there by their testimony and their prayers, and frequently [486 ] parents and friends have come in to the seminaries to visit Geog Tapa a great work was in progress; meet- the students and, seeing what God was doing among the ings were held daily, and persons of the most young people, have been themselves converted. abandoned character were awakened and hope- A month later Perkins wrote that in Geog Tapa fully converted. Numerous crimes, some of which thirty-two people had been converted and many were committed twenty-five years before, were others in that place were seriously inquiring of confessed and restitution made. Nearly the whole the way of salvation. In passing along the streets population was affected in a very remarkable one might hear the voice of prayer in not a few of manner. One of the bishops of the old Nestorian the houses; and in the fields and vineyards in the Church confessed his sins and began to preach vicinity there were to be heard the same impres- with new power. Old people who had never prayed sive sounds. before began to pray in public with freedom and The next month Perkins again wrote of Geog eloquence. In many villages there was weeping Tapa that "a great general reformation has taken and mourning over sin, and a Moslem passing near place" there. Open vice, so common before, was a church where a service was in progress on hear- no longer tolerated in the village. Sixty people ing the lamentation within inquired who had died.

seemed to be truly converted and scores of others Many lives were permanently changed.

were awakened. There was great eagerness to In the following year another revival occurred,.

hear God's word, and sometimes on the same eve- beginning on the same day (January 13th) in ning ten or fifteen meetings were going on in the both the seminaries, though they were six miles; homes of the people. Men whose hear.ts had been apart and there was no communication between touched went out to the fields to speak to the la- them. Again there was weeping and confession borers. Christian hymns were sung by the chil- of sin. One of the chief characteristics of these dren in the streets and the priest of the village, revivals was the earnestness and intensity of the formerly "a passionate, violent and even intem- prayers of the awakened. On February 21, 1850, perate man," became "apparently as meek and Mr. Coan writes from Urumia: quiet as a lamb." From Geog Tapa a large num- These Nestorian Christians fully sustain their character ber of preachers went forth each Sunday to other as praying Christians. Many pass hours together on their knees in prayer; and often, in the stillness of the midnight villages, and thus the revival fires spread. hour, the voice of prayer breaks pleasantly upon the ear; Dearth in America-Harvests in Persia and sometimes their eyes not only "prevent the night The Missionary Herald of that day says of these watches" but the day dawn. On the Sabbath nearly the whole time, before and after services, is passed in their thrilling events: closets. Sometimes it would seem that they preferred pray- Amid a most painful dearth of revivals in our own land, ing, not only to sleeping but to eating also. A few Sabit is truly refreshing to contemplate a powerful work of baths since the pupils of the female seminary returned the Spirit in regions which have been for ages unblessed directly to their closets, after the afternoon service as with such showers of divine grace. Who would have chosen usual. But in this instance they remained there till the tea Geog Tapa as the place in Christendom likely to receive bell rang. They came in reluctantly, one after the other, the outpouring of the Spirit? and took their seats in silence at the table. The blessing was asked, and the steward began to dip out their soup, After three years the mission was blessed with the tears meanwhile streaming down his cheeks, and the a second revival which began in January, 1849, girls sobbing with their heads bowed upon the table. There seemed to be no disposition to eat; and it was not until just as Perkins was finishing his translation of the they were told that they must eat that they might have Bible into modern Syriac, and just before he strength to pray that they ate a little, and then flew to buried his fifth child in a Persian grave. In re- their closets again. porting the new revival he writes: The "closets" referred to were little rooms The members of the seminary who were hopefully con- where they prayed in secret. A number of villages verted three years ago were, for two or three days after were blessed by this same revival. the work commenced in its power, the subject in most cases of the most intense heart searchings, of piercing compunc- Did these revivals produce any vital change in tions for their previous coldness and backslidings, and of the conduct of the pupils? Let Mr. Stoddard, the subdued prostration before God. This was true of very devoted Christians as well as others. . .. The impenitent principal of the male seminary, reply. Writing of the early days of the seminary, he says (Demembers of the seminary were also powerfully wrought upon by the mighty energies of the same Spirit, some of cember, 1851) : them being under very deep conviction of sin, and nearly For a considerable period we had not one pious scholar. The principal native teacher, priest Eeschoo, was very all awakened to a sense of their dreadful depravity and imperfectly enlightened. . .. The noise and confusion and insubordination, the habits of lying and theft, the indiftheir utterly lost condition. It is now about a month since ference to religious truth, which were then almost univerthe commencement of this wonderful display of mercy in sal in the school, were a constant source of anxiety and at our male seminary; and there is as yet little diminution of the interest.

A similar awakening occurred in the female times of discouragement. I had many doubts whether the enterprise would be successful. seminary at the same time. At the present time, however, the school is the reverse This revival also spread to the villages. In of what it then was…. In addition to those who have

gone out into the villages to conduct schools and to preach, they talked and prayed together they agreed on a we have thirty with us, about three-fourths of the whole plan by which they would go out to the principal seminary, who are hopefully pious, and who comfort our villages with some of the native brethren, spend a hearts much by their consistent and prayerful deportment. week or ten days in each village-preaching, sing- No one could be present long at our daily recitations, or ing, praying, conversing with individuals, visiting visit the pupils in their rooms, and see the order, the so- from house to house, after the manner of the briety, the diligence and the thirst for learning which are Moody and Sankey meetings. The next Friday so strikingly manifest, without being deeply interested in was appointed as a day of fasting and prayer, them. especially for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

The spirit of prayer manifested by many of these young Some of the meetings lasted for two hours. On men is truly remarkable. It is a time of only ordinary one evening thirty-five people arose and confessed religious interest, and yet a stranger, coming into our their sinfulness and asked for prayer. Later one meetings, and listening to the fervent and unaffected en- hundred more expressed a desire to follow Christ. treaties of these youths would suppose us to be in the Mr. Whipple and his colleagues did not yet know midst of revival. This impression would be still further that 260 churches in America had been praying confirmed, were he to stand, as I often do, near our range for them. of prayer rooms, just as our pupils are about to retire to rest, and hear their mingled voices, as they are pouring On January 23, Dr. Holmes, the physician in out their souls to God in confession, supplication and Urumia, wrote that the work which Mr. Whipple praise. mentioned as in progress had greatly increased and there seemed to be a general revival spirit During the next twenty years the missionaries throughout a large portion of the field. . .. In the report at least ten seasons of revivals similar to city of Urumia the chapel had been crowded day those already described. Lack of space prevents and night for two weeks, and a large number of the telling of inspiring stories of these repeated inquirers had come forward. In the girls' semoutpourings of the Spirit. It is noteworthy that inary nearly all the students appeared to be under more than once the revival began on the very day conviction of sin. In a number of villages also that friends in America united to pray for the the revival was in progress. mission in Urumia. I shall close this article with an account of the revival of 1877 which was a most At the end of the year the mission reported that striking answer to prayer. In November, 1876, this revival had brought new life to the churches D. L. Moody was in Chicago at the Christian Con- and the membership had increased thirty per cent, vention when a prayer alliance was formed by 214 persons having been admitted to the Lord's which 260 churches were pledged to pray for one Supper. another till the longed-for revival came. Mrs. Sarah J. Rhea, a former member of the Persia Next year (1934) the Protestant missions at Mission, was present at this meeting, and in her work in Persia plan to celebrate the one hundredth passionate loyalty to the fifty churches in the anniversary of missionary work in that land. In Urumia field, asked that these might be added to what more fitting manner could the centennial be the list. She at once wn>te letters to Persia to observed than by a united effort on the part of all tell the churches that they were pledged to pray the Christians of Persia to reap the harvest that for a revival. Long before her letters arrived no- has been a century ripening? What greater blesstice what took place in Urumia! ing could the friends of Persia- everywhere desire than that the Lord would pour out His Spirit with- In December, 1876, Mr. Whipple wrote from out measure upon the churches of that land, that Urumia that as the missionaries noted the zeal in these latter days we may again experience a with which members of the political parties in revival mightier than any which Persia has yet America go out and try to win people to their side, seen? "Ask and it shall be given you!" they were impressed by the necessity of their showing more zeal in their spiritual work. As DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that of the converted Brahman, Dr. Narayan Sheshadri, before a large audience in Philadelphia some years ago. He said: "This cultured audience convinces me that missions pay. Long" after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was for- oeign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civilization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions." Letters from American Church Representatives in India, Japan, Korea and Guatemala THE DANGER OF RETREAT IN INDIA irrational? Or is it reasonable and practical? During the past few months, one of the mis- By THE REV. WILBUR S. DEMING, PH.D., sions in India spent two days in seeking to ap- AHMEDNAGAR, INDIA praise its work and to recommend constructive lines of retrenchment. Where to withdraw? Secreta1"y of the American Marathi Mission, A merican Board Dr. James L. Barton, writing of the work of Needs on all sides press in upon us. Most of our Christian missions, says: work is underfinanced. We sympathize with the verdict of the Allied commander who exclaimed: In spite of their deficiencies and incompetence, the "Our right is giving way; our left is in retreat; Christian missionares have been the greatest modernizing, civilizing and morally construc- we will attack in the centre."

tive force that has gone from the The whole philosophy of West into Asia and Africa. They What would have happened at Christian missions is to go have done more to win the coop- the front in the World War if the forward; it does not funceration of Asiatic and African reinforcements and supplies for tion well in retreat. peoples than any other Western the army had been withheld? agency. They have introduced Unfortunately a retreat, ideas and ideals which are re- Whatever sacrifices are made by due to retrenchment, is now shaping fundamentally the thinking of the leaders and the aspira- the folks at home, the sacrifices on being carried on all along tions of the peoples. They rep- the field of conflict are infinitely the line. Various projects resent, upon the highest level of greater. The same is true in the living and thinking, the best Christian missionary campaign. are being given up and the America has to offer. They are When the Church sends outrepre- situation has become critical. real ambassadors of Good Will. sentatives to be Ambassadors of The younger churches are They have laid the foundations Christ on the frontiers, with not yet in a position to asfor Christian education, have in- promises of adequate support, sume the responsibility for augurated new social orders, have shall we withhold reinforcements many of these Christian produced a new religious and and supplies? The campaign is enterprises. Will this reeducational literature and have won the confidence of the people still in the balance. treat become a wholesale among whom they live. In reply to some thirty letters withtlrawal? Will it become a rout? sent to various missionaries of dif- If ml'ssl'onary work has ferent socI'etl'es and in different Here is a hospital that has otnhea tm.tnf' bl uuetnecse t t h'at t thDern. fields we have received the follow- been doing age n e r 0 u s had amount of charity work be- Bart 0 1, ing illuminating and courageous replies. They show both the evil cause of the pathetic poverty the question of its relation- and the good coming from the ship to the present financial economic crisis, of so many who seek assist- depression becomes a vital ance. Diminishing fun d s issue for the churches in the compel the doctors to cater homeland. If it continues to be, in spite of all more to the wealthy patients in order to secure criticisms, the outstanding philanthropic connec- fees. Thus the free service must be sharply curtion between the East and the West, then all those tailed. interested in a more spiritual and cultural civilization will be anxious about the present trend. Here is a district that has maintained several qualified preachers who have carried the message The greatest danger facing Christian missions of God's redeeming love through Christ to the at present is spiritual rather than material. The non-Christians in that area. Through their perrepeated cutting down of our work during the sonal contacts they have been lifting the villages past few years has brought us face to face with a to a higher type of living, particularly the so- spiritual problem. We are in grave danger of los- called "untouchables." A cable from America ing our morale. Weare struggling against a announces a sharp drop in receipts and this distemptation to adopt a defeatist attitude, not trict enterprise must be shut down, or turned over merely about the future of the Christian faith but to a small group of Christians to be carried on about the future world order. Is the dream of a as a voluntary enterprise. Such a solution starts cooperating and brotherly world an idle one? Is with good motives but often has an ineffective the vision of a world dedicated to Christlike ideals result.

[489 ]

Here is a mIssIOnary family that has heavy They represent the view that political and com- financial obligations for the education of the chil- mercial contacts are not enough. They desire to dren. As a result of cuts in salary, the family share the Christ-life with others. Unless the slowly uses up scanty savings and perhaps falls churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive into debt. In the effort to make ends meet the to the need of maintaining this world-wide enter- missionary must cease to purchase books and prise of Christian missions, no matter how great periodicals. How long can he or she remain a the sacrifice; and unless they put forth their best useful and effective missionary? efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave Here is a Christian school that has been spread- danger of continuing the retreat until we sur- ing a wholesome influence throughout the com- render values that can never be replaced.

munity. Word comes from home causing the school to close its doors. Some pupils find their WHAT REDUCED INCOME MEANS way into secular schools but many must leave By THE REV. A. A. SCOTT, B.S., INDORE, INDIA school because of the ever-present caste prejudice. But the picture is not all dark. The drop in Principal of Indore Christian College, United Church of Canada material resources has often led to a deepening of the spiritual life. We come to realize more fully Perhaps never since the commencement of the that spiritual resources are paramount. This modern Foreign Missionary Movement have misgrowing spirit of independence from material sions and missionaries been more definitely "up things has had a beneficial and far-reaching ef- against it" than at the present time. In many fect. There has also been an incentive to hasten cases the future of work, which has been carried the process of sharing our responsibilities with on effectively for generations, is trembling in the nationals. Missions have been forced to take this balance. whole problem more seriously and to make it a Missions do not depend upon money alone-or living issue rather than an academic discussion. chiefly. They are the outgrowth of faith and love. The curtailment in financial support has undoubt- Nevertheless, they must make use of money to acedly led to the removing of many non-essentials. complish their ends. When the money fails, as it Needed changes have been brought about and un- has failed in the last two or three years, the probfruitful work has been eliminated. All these lem becomes a wearing one. The writer represents a mission in which withthings are commendable. in the last year or two the total appropriation Can Values Be Replaced? (which was even then considerably below our Yet the question remains, will we, because of estimates) has been reduced by more than 33Ya%.

financial pressure, continue th~ policy of exten- Missionaries' salaries have been cut, first 10%, sive retrenchment? Will the building crumble to then 15%, and now 25%. Indian workers have such a degree that it cannot be repaired, when suffered in a similar way. We ask ourselves, "Is the wheels of industry start turning again? If this the end, or is the worst still to come?"

the present trend continues much longer, such What effect is this going to have upon the questions will require an urgent answer. work? We admit that there are features of the In the meantime the world continues like a box stringency which are not wholly depressing. In of dynamite with sparks flying around. Political so far as the shortage of funds has enabled us to questions are enshrouded in an atmosphere of get rid of unsatisfactory workers, to dispense fear, animosity and suspicion. The nations gaze with outgrown methods and cumbrous machinery, at each other across tariff and armament bar- it may have been a blessing in disguise. It may riers. The economic machine, having broken be a blessing also if it makes it necessary for the down, has yet to find those who can repair it with Indian Church to assume larger responsibility for any degree of confidence. Pessimism seems to carrying out the Master's Commission. The have ·much of the world in its grip. trouble is that the indigenous Church is also suf- Some favorable factors continue to encourage fering from the depression and is in no position us. In addition to various political and economic to assume larger burdens. It is having a hard -efforts to effect world settlement, there are at struggle to keep its own head above water.

work in various strategic spots Christian mission- What then are some of the effects of the cuts?

.aries whose desire is to spread a spirit of Chris- Mission buildings which are valuable and worth tian friendliness. In spite of defective qualifica- preserving are falling into disrepair because there tions, many of them are exerting an influence for is no money to keep them up. Mission equipment interracial and international cooperation. They which has been acquired at considerable cost is are the vanguard of a new day when we shall have being wasted because there are no funds to main- a brotherhood of nations united in a common plan tain it. The whole work, whether evangelistic, to share the good things of life with each other. educational or medical, is suffering from de-

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

pressed vitality. It is steadily slipping farther are prepared to suffer with the rest of the world. and farther down hill. Openings which have been But if the Church has lost its enthusiasm for the gained only after years of effort are being closed proclamation of the Message of the Cross to all simply because we cannot, for financial reasons, men, that will do much to take the heart out of us in our work. enter into them. The report of the Lindsay Commission urges One point more-as the result of the falling off in giving, most missions are now assuming a de- that Christian colleges should enter more whole- pressingly middle-aged appearance. Few new heartedly into the life of the people. Very good. missionaries are being sent out, and, as a conse- But when one's whole energies are taken up in quence, the fresh new life which is the natural trying to keep oneself alive, one has not much vi- accompaniment of youth is being shut off from tality to share with others. For years we have our fields. The result will be that in the Young been trying to get Christian Teacher Training or- India, just stretching his sleepy limbs and real- ganized in such a way that the courses given izing his strength, many of our mission bodies would be recognized by the government and lead will find themselves hopelessly behind the times to some definite standing. Now, just when our unless there is in the near future a strong influx efforts appear to be about to be crowned with suc- of new life, full of spiritual enthusiasm for the cess, there come these appalling cuts which make work of Christ and His Kingdom; full also of the it impossible for us to take up the work which we natural vigor and energy of youth. had planned. That is but one instance of many. SHORTAGE IN JAPAN Naturally the Indian staff is becoming restless. They feel that their position is becoming more and By THE REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, D.D. more uncertain, and they face the possibility of dismissal at any moment with no provision for Christian Literature Society of Japan any pension. Many have been trained from boy- hood or girlhood in mission service, and know no The effect of the world economic depression has other work. What will they do if they are flung been eased in Japan somewhat by two favorable out in the cold to fend for themselves? What circumstances: first, by the high exchange value will be the impression produced on non-Christians of the American dollar and, secondly, by the stim- if this happens? ulus given to export trade. The first has helped mission work, and the second has been an ad- The missionaries themselves, for the most part, vantage to general conditions. But these favor- are hopeful, though many are bearing almost in- able conditions are losing their advantage. The tolerable burdens. Trying to educate a family, high cost of raw materials imported for manufac- some in the mission field and some in the home- ture, is taking away the advantage from the new land is no joke in these days, when one has only rate of exchange. The mission boards are adjust- three quarters of a small salary with which to do ing themselves to this new rate and appropria- it. The constant anxiety about ways and means, tions are made in yen. Instead of sending one which is forced upon us at present, does not make dollar to provide for two yen in the budgets here, us more fit for our work, but definitely weakens mission boards now send forty cents. Local prices us. are also rising.

Just now a great question arises. Does the fail- Reduction all along the line has become neces- ure of the Church to give more adequate support sary. Every conceivable economy is adopted in to this work mean that its members have not order to keep existing work going, while new work money to give, or does it mean that the Church receives no serious consideration in present bud- has grown tired of its task? Is the Church los- get making. ing faith in the missionary enterprise? If we could have a definite negative answer to that ques- The missionaries have cheerfully accepted re- tion it would do much to settle many qualms. We ductions in their salaries, but they are greatly can stand sacrifice. We are not afraid of having hampered in not being able to respond to all kinds to bear heavy burdens. But is the Church going of appeals about them, the meeting of which to abandon us and the work? That is the ques- would increase usefulness. tion which "gives us pause." One denomination, after estimating for J apa- There has been much loose talk in America in nese pastors' salaries out of funds available, found recent years about the ability of the people of the that a deficit of 9,500 yen had yet to be covered. Orient to stand alone, and about the "impertinence The mission board made this a "special," and of foreign missions"; one wonders how far the asked the churches to contribute 6,500 yen and Church has been affected by such vapourings. the missionaries to give 3,500 yen to make up the (Did the Appraisal Commission entirely escape deficit! It is doubtful whether this response can . the influence of such suggestions?) Missionaries be made, yet it presents a phase of the foreign are not looking for easy jobs or soft berths, we missionary's opportunity. These trying times must not defeat the purpose which brought mis- penses of which were borne by the local Chris- sionaries to foreign service. One of the most tians. A four-days' series of meetings were held touching scenes I have witnessed since coming to in the large Nakashima auditorium, preceded by Japan was at an annual meeting last summer workers' meetings and by visiting homes through- when all present contributed to make up the re- out the city. Meetings in the churches followed.

turn fare to Japan of a fellow missionary and his One Christian training school sent out the stu- wife and it was a high point in experience felt by dents who visited 8,000 homes in the part of all when the cable message called them to return. Osaka in which the school is situated!

One happy circumstance is that while applica- The decline in the foreign missionary force, not tions for admission to mission schools are fewer, withstanding the call for new work, is very dis- attendance holds up so that income from fees is turbing. In 1927, the Protestant missionary staff maintained. Without the exchange balances this in Japan numbered 1,527, while last year it had year schools are meeting with far greater diffi- decreased to 1,176, involving a loss of one-third culties. the ordained missionaries, many of whom are in , Adjustment is not always possible. A step more evangelistic work. This touches a vital element serious is necessary. A Christian Literature So- in the foreign mission force.

ciety Weekly, called the Sunday Club, started last There has been an increase (from 1,055 to year at Dr. Kagawa's request, was so successful 1,552) of Japanse ordained men and a correspond- as to reach a total for the year of 125,000 copies. ing increase in women workers, but the decline in It could not pay for the editor's salary, so it had the missionary staff is a serious loss. The Chris- to be dropped in spite of the appeal made to a tian institutions founded by American missions committee at home. cannot as yet be maintained by the Japanese Many other enterprises are dropped off which churches, nor can these churches meet the ever are of a special nature. The full strength of the sounding call for new advance in the unoccupied Christian movement cannot be put forth. Even territory. The home churches must respond to regular work, like preaching places which have the appeal for new work in all great mission fields.

the promise of becoming churches, are discon- Two million new congregations are required to tinued owing to the drawing in of the lines. meet the needs of villages in Asia. The call from Hardships come to those who cannot be continued this Macedonia is not only for help in establishing in the work and to those on whom is laid double the church but it is the call to help the new tasks through the economy thus effected. younger churches reach out into the regions be- Unfortunately we do not see any very distinet yond. The Apostle Paul writes to the Christians spiritual effects from the depression in Japan. in Philippi: Christians nowadays seem to have lost the secret When I departed from Macedonia, no church had felwhich knows "how to be brought low" as well as lowship with me in the matter of giving and receiving "how to abound.') Our chief Christian virtue (for new work elsewhere) but ye only. seems·to be to know "how to abound" – how to confer earthly benefits upon others. Weare not In one large mission in Japan the only new work so gifted when it comes to making straightened undertaken has been made possible by a special circumstances vocal with the power of faith and contribution made for this purpose by a devout Christian woman on the Pacific Coast of America.

love. Man is too often looked upon as the source A TESTING TIME IN JAPAN .of welfare; so when things go wrong a certain ill humor is apt to find expression toward man By THE REV. D. B. SCHNEDER, D.D.

as responsible. If the spiritual benefit of the pres- P/'esident of North Japan College, Sendai, Japan ent depression is that we are led "to look not upon Due to the hopeful attitude of the Foreign Mis- the things that are seen but upon the things that sion Board of the Reformed Church in the United are unseen," then there is some evidence of that. State and the favorable exchange, we have not Many in Japan are truly "seeking first the King- thus far seriously suffered in our work in Japan.

dom of God and his righteousness." Unusual Both of our schools, North Japan College and hardships in church work are giving rise to un- Miyagi College, have entered upon a very hopeful usual efforts. year. The number and quality of our applicants A missionary living in the interior says that for admission have been better than for a num- outlying places are offering to provide the travel ber of years. Any drastic cut in our appropria- and entertainment and a meeting place (in one tions, therefore, will be very deplorable.

of the private homes) if an evangelist can be sent If any weakening of the work takes place now, to introduce the Gospel there. it will be practically impossible to recover from A most interesting instance of this local activ- the effects. Christianity faces a harder task in ity is the special evangelistic campaign conducted· Japan now than at any time during the past fifty recently in the great city of Osaka, the total ex- years.

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

WHAT THE CUTS MEAN IN KOREA The Government requires certain standards of By THE REV. STACEY L. ROBERTS, D.D. equipment and scholastic work, and without money we cannot meet these requirements nor measure President of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, up to the opportunities before us. Pyengyang, Korea In such a time we must reevaluate our work and With gifts to missions reduced, appropriations put the resources and strength that we have, not for the work must be reduced, and the Church of merely in work that is important, but in work that Christ both at home and abroad is being compelled is most important. The Lord can bless a very to retrench. In Korea, at a time like this, we ap- little so as to use it in a mighty way. Our prayer preciate as never before the wisdom that carried is that He may make us strong where we are weak through the plan to establish a self-supporting and bless the work, even though our equipment is Church, so that when funds from the homeland less than in the past. We pray that further "cuts" are reduced, the strong Korean Presbyterian may not be necessary for we need not only more churches are directly very little affected. It is money but more workers. different where the churches are under the care of the missionary. When itineration funds are REDUCTION IN GUATEMALA reduced, they must receive less attention, even By EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D. though the missionary goes into his own reduced personal funds to pay the expenses of his itinera- Editor of "Guatemala News"

tion. This is most important work, but the trips In prosperous times both national workers and require money and retrenchment greatly affects missionaries in the Guatemala Mission had only the cause of Christ in Korea. just enough to live on-never too much. The cut A native church may be largely self-supporting in the budget, therefore, makes necessary for us and yet the mission may need a great deal of all very trying readjustments. Our plans were money to carryon the evangelistic, educational, made very carefully so that we cannot cut ex- medical, industrial and literary work. Reduced penses without making matters more difficult. We appropriations to Bible Institutes mean either less economize in food and clothing-often a doubt:ful time given to teaching the Word of God or fewer and desperate expediency. Some are forced to seek men and women taught. These Bible Institute outside sources of income such as teaching music students are the elders and deacons and Sunday or language, repairing cars, etc. The WIicy of School teachers and Bible women of the country the Church at home has been that the efficiency of and city churches. The opportunity to help fit the missionary is the prime consideration. Urider them for their work is one of the greatest we this reduction that policy is discarded. At first have in Korea. The work of the Theological Sem- the missionaries tried to help out nationals by inary must go on, if there is to be a trained min- sacrificing their own comforts, but now their ut- istry, but when all of the cooperating missions are most effort is required to keep going themselves, compelled to cut their budgets, and there is no and the nationals suffer, though the missionaries possibility of increasing tuition fees, we face a voted unanimously to make reductions pro rata very serious situation. with the work and national workers.

The cut in hospital appropriations means less A much discussed question is as to whether it free medical work. There is a wonderful oppor- is best for missionaries to adopt a different stand- tunity in the hospital to meet the needs of the ard of living from that of the native workers.

souls as well as the bodies of thousands of people! Should they "stoop to conquer" as Christ and the Some are able to pay their way, but if help cannot Apostles did ?Perhaps the question will be de- be given free to multitudes of other sick and suf- cided for us. At any rate the missionary is per- fering folk, their future means years of suffering force approaching the standard of living of the or an early death. It takes money to care for national, who, in the meantime, is being reduced these needy people. to greater poverty. This affects not only our faith- In Korea we have a large Christian constituency ful workers, but the work and the people as well.

and this offers a wonderful opportunity to give When their standards of living are lowered their the Christian youth a good education and to make ideals and their Christian optimism are apt to them useful members of the Church of Christ and wither. The death rate is reported as increasing of society. A cut in appropriations means that in a number of localities from a lack of ability to we are compelled to reduce the number of teach- purchase simple remedies. The tendency is to- ers, to overcrowd the class rooms, to use a poorer ward parsimony even in religion.

grade of teachers, and to refuse help to many In the different departments of mission work worthy students, many of whom are the children the results of the reduction are very serious. Mis- of pastors and other Christian workers, and are sionaries have given up their cars and thus their looking forward to lives of service for Christ. usefulness is curtailed. The hospital has given up the native driver, which means that the doctor undertaking more complete self-support, which is and nurse must do the work-at a great cost to our ideal.

efficiency. The cut also stops work on chapels, The drift of the Church talent toward govern- parsonages and schools, as the nationals alone are ment employment, because of the much larger pay not able to finish them. Outstation work is cur- than we can afford, is growing less because state tailed when there is no way to finance the trips. salaries are in arrears. Dr. Paul Burgess says, Next year the evangelistic work will suffer even in a recent letter: more seriously if the cut continues. The Church and missions have suffered less from the Our missionary institutions are sometimes hit depression than other institutions, especially the governthe hardest. They depend largely on funds from ment. In consequence talents, which would otherwise home. The field income is also decreasing because serve the government are available for mission service, of the depression. Repairs to buildings cannot be even at the beggarly salaries the Church is able to pay. So the depression has brought the Church at this time the made; teachers and other workers cannot be best leadership available from within its membership.

paid; tuitions and hospital expenses are not met; The government has been compelled to close so that the outlook is distressing. What are we many rural schools, so that in many of our fields to do if the cut continues? the Sunday schools have taken their place. These mission Sunday schools are now teaching both Thank God there is a brighter side, and we keep cultural and academic studies as well as the Gosstaring at that to keep up our courage. The pel. They are growing rapidly and are becoming Master knows full well what He is doing. When a powerful means of local evangelization, at the people had plenty of money and occupation, they same time doing the government a good turn. indulged to excess in questionable diversions and Poverty is providing good soil for the presentafrivolity often tending toward degeneration. The tion of Christ. It may even be a good thing for a drift of the public was away from serious think- missionary to stop and make tents now and then. ing and from God. When money and work are It gives him an opportunity to revalue his work, lacking they begin to reflect on the seriousness of to recast his plans, to relight his enthusiasm and life. Thinking seriously often means thinking to rededicate his life. evangelically, and our church attendance increases apace. Our Guatemala Christians give for the We are coming to believe that the providence of work of Christ to the point of sacrifice, and that God can be seen in all this necessary readjust- is good training for the present stage. They are ment. Some huge problems are being solved by learning not to rely much on foreign help, "and are it, whether we will or no.

Shall the Tent Makers Preach?

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Author of "The Arab At Home"

"THERE is nothing that we would not do for tion by means of making first-class tents, he should your tent factory if only you would get rid not devote his attention to preaching Christ. Most of the preaching in it." The Book of the missionaries live, as Paul usually did, supported by far-away churches, but a number of us-doc- Acts does not mention such an incident in Paul's tors, teachers, industrialists, and agriculturistslife, but it is a common experience in the lives of follow his tent-making program. his successors. The Apostle would have ignored such a remark. He would have been surprised to But we are here as missionaries, all of us. That be told that when he was supported by foreign means that we are "bond-slaves of Jesus Christ, funds and could give his whole time to preaching, set apart to proclaim God's Good News." The docthat then he was a legitimate evangelist, but when tor finds his opportunity in work with individuals he earned his living and made his social contribu- more often than in public addresses, though in

SHALL THE TENT MAKERS PREACH?

Muscat we have made it a practice to give the leave us with their arms aching and empty; to doctor one of the preaching services every month, fathers austere and erect, who go down the hos- simply to demonstrate publicly his active partner- pital steps broken and gray, with such silent grief ship in the station's evangelistic campaign. In in their eyes as only strong men know. No man the Hospital there is an opportunity to exercise ever came into a mission hospital who needed his gifts of a modest sort in proclaiming the Good hernia mended one-half so badly as he needed to News. Doctors are not highly trained theologi- learn about Jesus Christ. It is easy to operate on ans, but on the mission fields many of them make his hernia, and we are glad to help him by doing first rate preachers of the simple Gospel. it, but we pray and plan and hope for an oppor- The difference is only one of degree. The most tunity to bring him to Christ. Sometimes we suc- effective and most useful preachers we have, such ceed in giving him the greater gift along with the as Bishop Linton and William Miller, of Persia, lesser, and when we do we thank God and take insist that they do their most important work with courage. That is the real reason we are out here.

individuals. On the other hand, however full the It is a very gratuitous trouble which our friends time of the tent-making missionary may be, and are giving themselves over the acceptability of however much confined to individual contacts, evangelistic work in our hospitals. I have never there come many opportunities to present the Gos- met a patient who was troubled by it, nor his rela- pel message to larger or smaller groups. tives either. The Mohammedan who made to me The missionary must frequently pray to be de- the remark quoted (with modifications) at the livered from his well-meaning friends. For years beginning of this paper, was a merchant from out- he has been told by ship captains, by godless com- side, as much an alien in Bahrain, as 1. He was mercial representatives, and by the alien admin- not troubled about the fine sensibilities of the pa- istrators who rule most of the Near East, that the tients. What worried him was the possibility tent-making missionary should have no part nor that some of them might become Christians. We lot in evangelistic work. In these days that idea hope to give him still more reason to worry about has gained a wider vogue. The argument is this in the days to come.

simple enough. The medical missionary especially When men say that we will see better medical furnishes to the community such a valuable type work if evangelism is excluded from the doctor's of tent, that unless we are careful, people will be activities, they are simply mistaken. Dr. Howard found listening to the Gospel against their wills, Kelly and Dr. J. M. T. Finney, of Baltimore, are simply to secure a tent. Christian love should not reduced to sub-mediocre physicians and sur- lead us to furnish tents free to the community, geons by their Christian activities in America. A and not preach the Good News to them at all. Christian faith, deep enough to be happy and con- In an argument such as this, there is some fool- tagious, and vivid enough to focus our whole per- ishness and some pure fiction. We do furnish sonality, so that it becomes easy to talk to others tents free to the needy community, and no one is about the Christ who has done so much for us, compelled to listen to the Gospel in order to bene- such a faith does not make for slovenly, careless, fit by our services. The clinic door is wide open. or ineffective medical work. It makes for better Anyone who prefers not to listen has the whole work; is indeed a guarantee of the best that that outdoors to retreat into, and thus can save his particular doctor is capable of doing. Experience soul from enlightenment. In Bahrain and Mus- bears this out. Dr. Vail in Miraj, whose reputa- cat, we seek to do personal work with every pa- tion throughout India and the Near East com- tient every day, but always with the provision that pares with that of the Mayos in America, is one anyone preferring not to listen, is passed by. In of the most whole hearted evangelists that we twenty years I have never seen a patient who was have on the mission field. Others are Dr. Goheen not glad to have me sit and read and talk and and Dr. Evans in Vengurla, Dr. Hume arid the pray with him. Beals in Wai, Dr. Dame in Bahrain, Dr. Ida The idea that, by carrying on evangelistic work Scudder in Vellore, and Dr. Edith Brown in Lud- in our hospitals, we are in some way trampling hianna. The list could be lengthened almost in- under foot the finer sensibilities of our helpless definitely. The best medical work in India and patients, is grotesque. Talking about Jesus Christ Arabia is being done by these men and women.

with men who are in trouble is often the one The Church has no work anywhere of which she thing they want, introducing them to Him and to has a greater right to be proud.

the God of all comfort through Him. Up and down "Brethren pray for us," the tent makers, that the aisles of pain and trouble and broken hearts in an agressive. evangelism, mixed with sympathy Jesus, our Lord, walks day and night. If only and love and skill and hard work, "the word of we could make Him visible to them all! But He the Lord may have free course and be glorified does become visible to some; to mothers who even as it is with you."

Christ to the Foreign

By the REV. EDWARD CATLOS Pastor of the First Bobemian Baptist Church, Cbicago DECENTLY very little has been said regard- The immigrant has brought with him an affilia- ~ ing the foreign born in the United States. tion to the state church. In most cases he con- The outbreak of the World War marked the tinued to live loyally to that church. But the state beginning of the decline in immigration. Our church has been very slow in coming with any present laws keep the doors almost completely definite attempt to minister to the spiritual needs closed so that emigration actually exceeds our im- of the foreigner. And when finally it did come, migration. Notwithstanding this present condi- the number of the priests and the ministers was tion we still have, according to the census of 1930, so insufficient that all of the ministry was confined over fourteen million foreign born in the United for a long period to christenings, marriages, and States, and over twenty-two million native born burials. In some cases the earnest immigrant, of foreign or mixed parentage. This great multi- seeking to satisfy his religious needs discovered tude is unable to join fully with the older Ameri- a church kindred to his own, but the services were can stock in singing the great American hymn, conducted in a language unknown to him. He "Land where my fathers died," for their fathers was reluctant to send his children there for fear are buried in another land. Many an Ameri- that they would forget their native tongue. At can who has not come into contact with the for- present these churches are serving their com- eign born is astonished to learn that cities like municants in imposing buildings but thousands New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and of the children, now men and women, have grown Detroit are, in their mixed population, only cross- up without any religious training whatever.

sections of Europe or of the whole world. The It is evident that the evangelization of the for- largest Scandinavian university of the world is eign born and of many native born of foreign or located on the shore of the Mississippi River. mixed parentage as well, stands out as one of the These new-Americans, as they are often called, most challenging tasks facing the American did not scatter over the length and breadth of the Christians. The foreigner within our gates has land. Over eighty per cent dwell in larger cities. proven himself a very valuable asset in the fields Out of 1,790,424 Italians living in America, 1,046,- of human activity. He has effectively written 159 live in the states of New York, New Jersey, himself into the commercial and industrial his- and Pennsylvania. In New York City alone, the tory. He has made himself a valuable factor in Italians form a population larger than that of the field of invention, education and art. Shall Rome. In one Illinois town thirty per cent of the the potential power of the new-American be per- population are foreign born and fifty per cent are mitted to remain dormant in the great enterprise native born of foreign or mixed parentage. A boy of the Kingdom of our Lord? Should his soul be born and raised in such a community is an Amer- lost among the wheels of our industry or in the ican, but as a matter of fact he is born and raised coal dust of our mines?

in "little Italy," "little Poland," or "little Czecho- Two methods are being used by evangelical slovakla." Customs of the old world prevail in Christians to bring the knowledge of Jesus Christ such a community to a marked degree. Very often to the newcomer. The foreigner, in quest of better public opinion, public office and public education economic conditions for himself or in quest of are all largely influenced if not totally controlled. better living conditions for his family, has drifted Upon my arrival to this country I was told: "Re- away from the congested foreign community and member, Chicago is in America but America is has settled down next door to a Christian neigh- not in Chicago." Truly, only a limited part of the bor, or may work next to the bench of a Christian American industrial city is American. In more toolmaker; he may come into contact, while at- than one instance it is plainly seen that an immi- tending an evening school, with a Christian grant, making his home in such a community, teacher. The light shining from a transformed never comes into contact with the leavening in- Christian life brings forth its natural fruit. There fluence of the Christian life as the American are no records available, showing the extent of Christians understand it. He lives in the old this blessed work. The year books of churches, world transplanted and somewhat modified. especially from regions where there are no for- r 496] eign speaking churches, reveal, however, many home to which he could bring his wife and their names whose racial identity cannot be doubted. firstborn. But the home without companionship Recently a young woman graduate of a mission- with God through Jesus Christ was not complete.

ary training school testified of the effectiveness of One day he came into contact with people who had this method of Christian service. Her parents exactly that for which his heart was yearning.

experienced all of the blues and lonesomeness He was invited to church and with his wife sur- common to strangers in the strange land until a rendered to Jesus Christ. They joined the for- Christian neighbor crossed their path. This eign-language church, the only institution that young lady's contribution to the Kingdom will be spoke of their Saviour in the language they could an indirect fruit of Christian neighborliness understand. Years passed and he became a dea- shown to an immigrant and his family. con of that church. Four children were born to At a recent gathering of young people of Czech- him and his wife. Now he is an old man, but oslovak descent a young lady was announced as a is still a deacon of that same church. One of speaker. She came from the young people's de- his children is married to the pastor of the partment of the denominational headquarters and church to which they have dedicated their service.

announced both her parents were Czechs, her One son is a high school teacher; another is a father being an immigrant. Christian professional man. The younger daugh- Thousands of foreign born and their children, ter and her husband gave their lives to religious scattered over America, occupy not only humble, education in an underprivileged community. In unheralded places of service in the local Amer- the lives of such as these the foreign-speaking ican churches, but are filling positions of high re- church is making its supreme investment for sponsibility on home and foreign mission fields, Christ's sake.

because of the winsomeness of Christian people In many communities the foreign-language who have come in contact with them. Those that church is the only available spiritual home for have drifted away from the segregated foreign these people. Sunday schools are the only means communities have been especially blessed by this of organized religious instruction within reach.

type of ministry. The effectiveness of the Amer- Closed doors of these churches mean a neglected ican Christianity would be greatly reduced if it opportunity to many that depend entirely on them were not for this neighborly service in the Name for spiritual instruction. The so-called American of Jesus Christ. And now that the old-fashioned, church is often too distant, in more than one foreign-speaking community is fastly being disin- sense, from the children of the immigrant. There tegrated, even in the large cities, and since the are many obstacles but the contributions to the.

language barrier is also being removed, evan- spiritual wealth of America are real and lasting.

gelistic effort must depend more largely on this This effort is fruitful. On the occasion of the method of approach if the foreigner is ever to be One Hundredth Anniversary of the American reached for Jesus Christ. Baptist Home Mission Society an Interracial Bap- The other method of approach is through the tist Conference was held in Detroit. One hundred foreign-speaking church. Under the guidance and and fifty delegates representing twenty-two racial leadership of home mission boards, foreign-speak- groups were present. It was an unusual and de- ing churches have been founded. Some have lightful occasion. The meetings testified force~ grown into strong, spiritual and missionary units. fully of the power and the genius of Christianity.

Many have organized into independent confer- That twenty-two different nationalities could come ences and are now carrying extensive missionary together under one roof and enjoy fellowship one programs at home and abroad. For instance the with another concretely illustrated the value as German and the Swedish Baptists and Methodists well as fruitfulness of the foreign-language and the Norwegian and Swedish Lutherans have churches in America. At the closing session the grown into strong religious bodies, occupying whole congregation rose to unite in the Lord's very important places in the religious life of prayer and each delegate prayed in his own America. Their churches have given unsparingly tongue. Before the benediction was pronounced of their members to the wider service of our Lord. these from many lands joined in the famous hymn Not few have proven themselves able missionary of Christian fellowship: "Blest be the tie that statesmen and educators. History will no doubt binds, our hearts in Christian love." The pente- reveal that the spiritual standard was lifted and costal experience is reproducable even in this day the moral consciousness quickened in many a and even under different circumstances. Those community by the humble ministry of foreign- from far corners of the earth, each speaking his language churches. own tongue, understood the one universal lan~ Several years ago a young man came to a grow- guage of love and devotion to one Lord and ing city of the great Northwest to establish a Master.

Christ in

-..e{ By the REV. H. A. IRONSIDE, Chicago, Illinois Pastor of the Moody Memorial Church THE coming of millions of people to Chicago are larger than can be accommodated inside in the during the five months of the Century of huge tent which seats over 2,500 people. The Progress Exposition has afforded a marvelous messages have been in great power and hundreds opportunity for reaching vast multitudes with the have professed to receive Christ as their Saviour.

Gospel of Christ. The Church Federation has Other evangelists are to continue throughout the made no concerted effort in the way of union coming months.

meetings on a large scale to meet this need, but In another section of the city the young woman many churches are featuring special services in evangelist, Miss Uldine Utley, is preaching to their own buildings, and the various exhibits in multitudes in a large tent, seating four thousand, the Hall of Religion on the Fair Grounds are with Harry Clark, recently of the Billy Sunday used to carryon active propaganda. The Lu- party, leading the singing. Excellent reports are theran churches particularly deserve great credit given of these meetings and their results.

for their splendid exhibits and their testimony to The Moody Bible Institute has become the head- reformation truth. The Salvation Army has a quarters for large numbers of Christian people remarkably fine exhibit, and it is gratifying to visiting the city, and in addition to the regular note that the American Bible Society and the Chi- classes which have been in session through the cago Tract Society are daily distributing litera- major part of this period, special Bible teachers ture, thousands of tracts and portions of Scrip- have been engaged to conduct daily services for ture. Services held in the auditorium of the Hall the benefit of these guests and others who attend.

of Religion, which is not very large, have not At the Moody Memorial Church, situated in a thus far attracted very special attention. most strategic location, a nightly program has A large group of young people, numbering many been put on covering the entire five months. The thousands and sponsored by Mrs. Philip D. Ar- first two and a half months have brought results mour, has been districting the city and visitation that have been most encouraging. The audiences groups have gone from house to house giving have aggregated at least ten thousand people Scripture portions and invitations ·to special weekly and frequently double that number; of late Christian services. They secured the Eighth there have been a total of at least thirty thousand Street Theatre for a week's meetings under the each week. The annual conventions of the Scandi- direction of Roy L. Brown. navian Alliance, the Hebrew Christian Alliance, The Christian Business Men's Committee, which and the World's Fundamentals Association have has been carrying on noonday theatre meetings contributed their quota and special speakers have for the past two years in the Loop District, con- been brought in from various parts of America tinues these evangelistic meetings which have re- and from England. The veteran evangelist, Gipsy cently been transferred to the Illinois Theatre on Smith, has just closed a fifteen-day campaign and Jackson Boulevard, near the Fair Grounds, and the great auditorium, seating over four thousand, outstanding preachers are engaged to speak to the has been far too small to hold the crowds on many throngs who gather there. The same group is occasions. Loud speakers have been installed en- conducting four tent campaigns and a tabernacle abling those gathering in the lower auditorium meeting in different parts of the city. They have also to hear the speaker's message. There has also engaged Evangelist Rawlins and his wife who been a great harvest of souls confessing Christ have a splendidly equipped Gospel truck for open- and Christians have been stirred to deeper conse- air meetings, which are held in various sections cration and devotedness.

every week. On Sunday afternoons three large God is honoring His Word and is putting His open-air meetings are also being conducted in the seal upon the testimony going forth in these vari- Cook County Forest Preserves. ous Christian activities. There are other organ- The Swedish Mission Covenant Chprches have ized efforts which are not mentioned here because brought Evangelist Frank Mangs from Sweden of the writer's lack of familiarity with them. We and have opened a large tent which is crowded rejoice, however, in every evidence of the working nightly; here many are being brought to a sav- of the Spirit of God among every group of His ing knowledge of Christ. Oftentimes the audiences people.

[498 ]

Cross in Christian Missions*

= By DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Author of "The Law of Love," etc.

CAN Christianity exist without the Cross? need for Christ to be crucified, merely to propa- "Re-Thinking Missions" tries to interpret gate humanism! ….. . to us Christ without the Cross as Chris- There are indeed many religions in the Orient: tianity. From its first page to the last I failed to but is there any that clearly teaches that God discover the word "cross" in this book. It is the loves humanity with the love of the Cross? Bud- lack of the Cross which constitutes its weakness. dhism propounds abstract principles, but it failed The book is not written from the motivation of to wipe away my tears.

the Cross, but from economic To this day Buddhism is motives. This is evident at the compromising with the system very beginning of the Introduc- What is the true heart of of public prostitution in Japan.

tion, where they speak of the Christianity and of the Chris- Shintoism and militarism, and desire for retrenchment be- tian missionary enterprise? Brahmanism and superstition cause of the economic depres- What driving force led the are closely associated. I do not sion. This lack of the Cross is Apostle Paul to change his wish to attack other religions, the greatest reason why I am mind about Christ and the but it is useless to be too lenient disappointed in this Report. Christians and to gladly suffer with them. Man will not be privation, persecution and "Thy Kingdom Come" is indeed death that he might win saved thus. The human race quoted frequently as the funda- others to Christ? The es- on most occasions is still asleep; mental purpose of foreign mis- sence and the motive power and whoever takes it upon himsions, but nothing is said about and the dynamic of Christian- self to waken a sleeper knows the inevitability of paying the ity has not changed, though that he may have to face unprice of the Cross in order to conditions are different from pleasant consequences! Chrisbring in the Kingdom of God. those of the first century. It tianity's history in Japan has is from a mission field in Asia, been a history of persecutions. When Paul, just before his and from a convert to Christ We Christians need not go out martyrdom, wrote: "Everyone from Buddhism, that this of our way to seek persecuin Asia has deserted me" (2 clarion call comes to sacri- tions; but this Report does not Tim. 1: 15) the writers of this ficial devotion to extend the book would have deemed him a sway of Christ over all the encourage us as it should to failure. world. evangelize w hen confronted There are altogether about with opposition and persecu- ten points under which I have tion. It is no reinforcement to listed my dissatisfactions regarding this Report: the Christian girls who, even today, in districts 1. In the first place, this Report has forgotten dominated by the Shin sect of Buddhism, remain that the starting point of foreign missions is a faithful to the Cross under severe persecution, commission from God. No evangelism is possible when tied naked to cryptomeria trees in the cold merely from the standpoint of comparative reli- snow, or imprisoned in their homes for five or ten gions or of the evolutionary theory of civilization. years because of their faith. It is because they It is not for "comparative religions" that Elijah are convinced that the Love flowing from the and Elisha suffered! For such it would not have Cross is the absolute Love that these young peo- been necessary for Elijah to struggle on Mount ple are fighting with their very life-blood.

Carmel, or to appeal to God on Horeb. Where can Loss of a Militant Spirit the motive for foreign missions be found, and how can energy be expected to well up and overflow 2. Again this book seems to have forgotten that except as proceeding from a sense of absolute com- the religion of Jesus was the religion that drove mission from God'/ There would have been no out the money-changers and the sellers of sheep • From a statement sent out from Japan giving Dr. Kagawa's re- and cows from the temple. If Jesus had followed action to "Re-thinking Missions." the methods taught in this book, He would not [499 ]

have been crucified, probably. This book leaves this fact, we are compelled to scatter over the the impression that Buddhism, Mohammedanism whole world with a revolutionary spirit. Weare and Brahmanism, equally with Christianity, are compelled to preach this Good News on all pos- at odds with their common foes in the material- sible occasions and in all possible places. But isms of Marx, Lenin and Bertrand Russell. It when this Cross-revolution spirit slackens, we for- teaches that all religions must unitedly fight get the many unoccupied fields, and lose zeal for against materialism. But why is materialism so evangelism. We must again awaken to Christian strong in the Orient? It is because Buddhism internationalism, forgetting skin-colors, nationali- itself was originally atheistic. Buddhism does not ties and language differentiation. Marx avers teach love, but individualistic contentment. If that to the proletarian there are no national bar- the religion of the Cross had been well rooted in riers; and certainly there should be no national Japan, there would have been no space left for boundaries to the Christianity of the Cross ….. .

materialism to come in. To the early Christians, there were no national Until they awaken to absolute Love, people may boundaries. Those who forget the Cross, lose the be contented with Buddhism, Mohammedanism or power to cross the Hellespont! ….. .

Brahmanism; but those who have grasped the Forsaking the Pioneering Spirit reality of the Love of God discover the necessity of redemption. Such of us as are awakened to 4. In the fourth place, this book seems to forget this religion feel the need of fighting against the the necessity of pioneering in unoccupied terri- world's evils. An atheism, like Buddhism, which tories. There is nothing more foolish than evan- rails at Christ and ridicules Christianity because gelism, if we begin to reckon it in money terms it stands for internationalism and loves the labor- (1 Cor. 1: 21), though even at that the "foolish- ing classes, cannot be considered to have the same ness of preaching" is more economical than the value as Christianity. folly of war! Because they were obsessed with This Report is shot through and through with this foolishness of preaching, Livingstone gave his "'liberalism." It attempts to deal with communism life to Africa, Hudson Taylor suffered in China, and capitalism, all in the same way, from the and Judson fell in Burma. Compared to the hard- "liberal" standpoint. Such a treatment may be ship of their days, we of the present times lack admissible if the "liberal" standpoint can solve the the spirit of adventure. That does not mean that world's problems; but while capitalism is chain- the Gospel has really been preached to the ends ing many thousands of young men in prison, and of the earth. Even in Japan few places are be- producing millions of unemployed, can we be con- ing reached as yet. Only five percent of the eleven tented with such lukewarm propositions? Ought thousand villages are even touched by Christian we to be so lenient with capitalism? Was it not evangelism; no one has yet reached the fishing Christ who said, clearly, "One thing thou lackest"? villages or most of the laboring class. In the face Having put our hands to the plough, we cannot of such conditions this book on "Re-Thinking Mis- turn back. We cannot regard capitalism, social- sions," with its call to retrenchment, may have ism and atheistic communism as all in the same some unexpected value as a negative stimulus, to category. . . . .. While atheistic Buddhism is com- arouse us again to evangelize even unto death!

promising with public prostitution, and poly- We must work harder to establish the Kingdom of theistic Shintoism with militarism, can Christ on God for which Christ died.

the Cross keep silent? "There are many good religions in other coun- No religion but the Cross-religion has the power tries, Christianity is also good; but let Christian to save the world. We must be more militant. missionaries return home as soon as possible"- (2 Tim. 2: 3-4.) when they say that, it tastes like salt that has lost 3. In the third place, since this Report has for- its savor. One wonders why the missionaries ever gotten the Cross, it still differentiates between came out in the first place! Mere survey-mission- "home" and "foreign" missions. But does not aries might be ready to return soon, but mission- Christ belong to all nations? And is not the Third aries who came to preach the Cross should endure Internationale of Moscow meanwhile engaged in unto death.

a great propaganda movement and promoting a The evangelization of unoccupied fields cannot new world revolution? . . . .. We who belong to be carried on merely from the point of view of Christ should possess a stronger international economics. When it forgets the Cross, the evan- spirit, and should give ourselves to the propaga- gelistic spirit shrivels, loses its militancy against tion of the Christ-spirit, forgetting the distinction evils, and its courage to go out to remote places between "home" and "foreign." ….. . searching for the one lost sheep. No matter how The only way to the happiness of the whole hu- high the waves nor how dangerous the storm, the man race, is for it to awaken to the complete con- life-ship is launched; nor can its efforts be eval- sciousness of the Love of the Cross. As we grasp uated in dollar terms.

THE CROSS IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

5. This Report has forgotten the Gospel of re- though there may well exist various brotherhoods pentance. within the one catholic organization.

One of the things that astonish me in this book It is true that there are many hidden followers is that the foreign missionary is urged to be con- of Christ at present, like Nicodemus and Joseph nected with the European and American business of Aramathea in His time, who do not yet come to men in the Orient (p. 251). There may be excep- Church. In Elijah's day there were seven thoutional cases, but in general, Western commercial sand such; but we must demand as a standard men in the Orient have been a great hindrance to such strength of conviction as will enable all to the Christian movement. William Carey could confess Christ clearly before God and men, even not enter India because the business men pre- in the face of persecution and the Cross. And no vented his doing so; and Christianity could not matter how faulty the Church may be today, we make headway in India at that time because the must ask God's forgiveness for that weakness, policy of the East India Trading Company had and endeavor ourselves to love this body of Christ, aroused the anger of the Indian peoples. Chris- the Church, which has been guarded and pretianity fails to spread in China today because the served by our predecessors for nineteen hundred Chinese cannot forget the British opium war and years. I do not think of the Church from a super- British opium traders. In general, the main rea- ficial point of view. I regard it as a brotherhood son why Christianity makes little progress in the based on the Cross. As such it has a history, and Orient is because the business men, and the gov- as such we must continue its existence in the fuernments of the countries from which the mission- ture. To be sure there may be the impotence of aries come, are acting in direct opposition to the the clergy to deal with, and the lack of economic teachings of Christ. organization to hinder it; but forgiving such shortcomings, we must endeavor to reconstruct The Asiatic races cannot forget the long his- the Church and make it a love-organization. tory of Oriental invasions on the part of the white races. No matter how lavishly schools may be Lack of Vision built and. philanthropies conducted, the Orientals cannot believe from the bottom of their hearts in 7. In the seventh place, this book lacks idealthe religion of those who carry the sword in one ism. It lacks the flaming enthusiasm to Chrishand and the Bible in the other. The great rea- tianize the whole world. The trend is towards reson why the development of Christianity in Japan trenchment, rather, except in the rural districts. was retarded was because Spain and Portugal in- But if motley is lacking now, there are many ways vaded the Orient; nor can the Japanese people to work without it. Russia carried out a Fiveeven yet forget the revolt against the Japanese Year Plan without money, and after that a second Government on the part of the Japanese Roman Five-Year Plan. The apostle Paul was restrained Catholics of three hundred years ago ….. . by the Holy Spirit from going to Ephesus, but he made a great detour and reached it by way of The book does not demand repentance. If Greece and the sea. A plan of world evangelism Christianity is the innocuous thing this book rep- must inevitably involve changes; but it is against resents it to be, perhaps there is no need for re- the purpose of Christ to retrench! If there is no pentance. But the fact is that both the Orient and money to support missionaries, let us get together the Occident do need to repent. Jonah fled from and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay the call to preach repentance to Ninevah. Shall leaders; and continue doing so for many scores we Christians of the twentieth century seek to of years. There is need now to set up such agescape the necessity of preaching repentance to gressive constructive planning. Why not start our materialistic civilization? occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational 6. In the sixth place, I am dissatisfied with the fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those place this book gives to the Church. The idea of who belong to Christ achieve such constructive "Christian fellowship" is good, but why not call planning? that "the Church"? I believe we must strive after the unity implied in Christ's command to Peter 8. In the eighth place, this book has unforin Matthew 16: 18. The weakness of the Chris- tunately no vision of the Christianizing of the tian movement today is because the liberalists are economics of the Oriental countries. Weare not unified among themselves. Although this re- aware, both in China and Japan, that there is no port teaches humanism, and humanitarianism, way to save the laboring classes except through and church unity, forgetting creeds and denom- the cooperatives. And we believe that the moveinations-why does it go on to say that it is all ment of Christian Love has the possibility of ecoright to have separate fellowship outside the nomic realization only through these cooperatives. Church? That is inconsistent. Those who have If the Christians of the world will engage in experienced the Christ-Love of the Cross ought to gather themselves together into one Church,

world-wide cooperative movements, and plan in- ceed in a wonderful, mysterious manner. The ternational trade through the cooperatives, and Holy Spirit makes them successful. No evanalso educational cooperatives and mutual aid co- gelism is possible without prayer. The prayeroperatives, war will cease to exist. . . . .. Even the answering God leads on through His Holy Spirit. communistic movement will be powerless in the face of such a cooperative Christian movement. I am grieved to find that this Report is written The strength of the Marxism, Leninism and Ber- economically rather than religiously. It does not trand Russellism of today is derived from the anti- inspire me. And evangelism is impossible withreligionism aroused by the economic struggle for out inspiration. Those who wish to retreat had existence. Therefore only through the economic better do so; but let others who have been led by readjustment afforded by the cooperatives shall the Holy Spirit continue to cross the Pacific Ocean, we be able successfully to combat and annul such bearing the Cross of Christ. The Kingdom of "isms." ……. God Movement in Japan is not yet completed. The harvest is plenteous but the laborers are few. 9. In the ninth place, this book is very indif- I am still rising for prayer at midnight. This ferent towards the evangelistic work with which present age is evil. The age of Nero was also the missionaries are so deeply concerned. Its evil. But Christ's teachings at length conquered writers paid much attention to academic educa- the Roman Empire. Machine civilization is detion, but seem to have forgotten that evangelism plorable. But I am convinced that the Good News is an important variety of social adult education of Love through the Cross of Jesus Christ will and religious education. Academic education lead the Orient and the whole world into the alone is not the whole of education. Tent meet- light ….. . ings, street preaching, etc., are also social education. Foolish as this sort of evangelism may ap- I deplore the impression left, after reading the pear, it has achieved wonderful results in the book, that it lacks a supernatural basis. Can those Orient (1 Cor. 1: 18-25). In India there may be who think of continuing the movement started in some who object to it, but it was the method of the Book of Acts attempt to do so without the help Jesus Christ, and one of the ways by which Chris- of the Holy Spirit? …. " I repeat. Let us again tianity spread into the whole world ….. . meditate on the Cross, forgetting the distinction between "home" and "foreign" and endeavor to We must return to our pristine enthusiasm for save the last soul in the whole world. evangelism (Luke 10: 20). Does not Acts begin with an enthusiastic account of how three thou- AN ADMIRAL'S TRIBUTE sand repented as a result of one sermon by St. Peter? We must have a child-like spirit and be The Fourth Sea Lord of the British Navy, happy over one soul that has found salvation. Rear-Admiral Geoffrey Blake, at a meeting of the L. M. S., speaking on "Peace-Time Where Is the Holy Spirit? Work of the Navy in the South Seas," said: 10. In the tenth place, this book does not advise "Before I went out to the South Seas I us to do mission work through the guidance and often heard people say that missionaries, genpower of the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ sent out erally speaking, were a nuisance; that they His seventy disciples to evangelize without purse didn't do any good; and that they were very or scrip, without even extra sandals. They be- fond of poking their noses into other people's lieved in the guidance of the Holy Spirit. In their lives. I was particularly interested to go train followed the Moravian missionaries. The through these islands and make a study of John Williams missionary party, too, in the time the work these missionaries had actually of the Napoleonic wars, left London for the South done. Doubtless there has been one here and Seas on the same basis. If money is not forth- there who wanted to go too far or too fast, coming, then money is not needed! Have we not but I am convinced they have done an enordedicated our very lives to Christ? mous amount of good, and speaking by and large, I take off my hat to them." We do not want to make the business of rethinking missions a thinking in terms of retrench- Men like this, who know something of the ment; but rather a re-thinking of a new strategy magnificent work that has been done by misof attack, on the world-wide field. When there sionaries, might help to dispel some of the ceases to be money in America, then America may fog that beclouds the mind of so many people cease to send out its missionaries.· Nevertheless, regarding the work of these Gospel pioneers there must remain many young people who de- throughout the world. – The Evangelical sire to dedicate their lives to foreign missions Christian. without receiving such high salaries as are paid now. Those who are led by the Holy Spirit suc- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=,~==========================~,~~ GLEANINGS FROM THE SEASON'S CONFERENCES Summer is the harvest time then that we sense our supreme gives her talk on the goal asfor new plans, programs, ideas dependence upon God. signed to her month, then lights and inspiration. Despite the Visualization and demonstra- her taper at the Christ Candle sorrow at universal retrench- tion were prominent in all the and takes her place back of the ments in money and field forces, new plans. An excellent one altar. October stands first at the Department Editor was whose .details and goals are the right, November first at the heartened in the course of her easily adaptable to the varying left, December second at the personal surveys of missionary needs of denominational groups right, and so on, until the full conferences by noting the new is entitled glowing arc is formed.

rootage that the Christian faith Our Altar of Lights October enters to the singing of has taken in the soil of the economic depression. "Never has "Bringing in the Sheaves" and speaks The twelve candles, represent- on the first goal-securing the mis- there been a clearer call to ad- ing goals, are in the stewardship sionary magazine for reading during venture in faith," was the key- colors, and one candle is to be note of one conference the writer "lighted" (by pasting on an oval the autumn evenings, remembering attended. "A new world is in of flame – colored, iridescent the missionaries hungry for the in- spiration our books and magazines afford them, etc.

the making. A new Christian paper) each month as its goal November, advancing to the music is attained. Thus 0 c t 0 b e r of "Come, Ye Thankful People, social order is beginning. A majors on magazine subscrip- Come," represents the children of the new fellowship among the na- tions; November on the stew- Pilgrims in the spirit of Thanksgivtions is being born. Every of- ardship reading course or a mis- ing and lights her candle typifyin~ the consecration of prayer, personalficer, every member is called today to be a real adventurer in sion study class; December on ity and possessions. the cultivation of junior and December music is "Joy to the faith, to help in bringing these young people's work, etc. The World," its representative linking up changes to complete realization. display of the "Altar Lights …… With full reliance upon with the Christmas theme. She leads in the singing of "Holy Night" and God, confident in His leadership, Chart" (see illustration) at each lights her candle with the prayer that meeting is an inspiration to the we may pass its gleam on' undimmed looking beyond all immediate attainment of the successive to a little child who will prove a goals. light-bearer for the Saviour. hardships, trouble and pain, let us venture forth in 1933-34 with The following introductory January enters to "This Is My joy and hope, in faith, carrying Father's WorId" and speaks on the Service of Lights (summarized His Light to the world ….. . for brevity) was arranged by keynote of new resolves and fresh The return to fundamental prin- Mrs. Howard Le Sourd, Na- beginnings. ciples, and the facing of stark tional Secretary of Student realities, call for pioneer quali- February marches up to the strains ties-a courage undaunted and Work, for the first autumn meet- of "America," gives a patriotic-mis- sionary talk and lights her candle that the names of Washington and a spirit serene." Said the leader ing at which the plan was to be Lincoln may not perish from the of a meeting at which the plans initiated. Young w 0 men – earth, since their inspiration came were presented: "Let's just stop typifying pure, unsullied Iives- from the same Light. talking about our losses and the were the participants. March keeps step to "Faith of Our Fathers" and speaks of this being a depression and get energetically The service centers about an holy month in that we remember the altar, where a tall "Christ passion of our Lord and seek to catch to work this fall on the new Candle" stands with a copy of His spirit of self-sacrifice. the Bible lying on a rich cloth as year's plans." * The strands of April's hymn is "Rejoice, Ye Pure its foundation. Each imperson- in Heart." She pleads for the makthe great cable of faith, which ing of an offering in memory of the lifts humanity to each new level, are usually woven in seasons of ator, b ear i n g an unlighted greatest of all offerings which culloss and disaster; for it is only candle, enters from the rear of 'minated in the Resurrection. the congregation, passes slowly May, entering to "Shepherd of • From the methods manual and plans ex- up the aisle to music by a hid- Tender Youth," recalls the story of ploited at Lakeside, Ohio, at conference of den choir, then facing about, Creation so appropriate to springthe Cincinnati District of the Methodist time. She lights her candle in honor Episcopal Woman's Foreign Mission Society, [ 503] of mothers and daughters who have Christianity and Industry in Prayer that in this age of woman in a common purpose of making Christ industry she may still realize her live in the hearts of men. Americat ideals for home and family.

June, with "Following the Gleam," CHAPTER 4: WAGES, HOURS, AND THE Supplementary Suggestions: goes up to tell of the Light of the LIFE MORE ABUNDANT.

World on the altars of the homes in I. Early regulations of working I. Assignments for talks: this month of roses and weddings. II. conditions. (a) Our state's laws affecting July, to "0 Beautiful for Spacious III. Wages in the United States. Skies," advances to give her talk on IV. women and children in the larger patriotism. 1. Growth of a social con- industry. V. (b) Migrant women and child August brings "0 Day of Rest and science. Gladness" and explains how vacation VI. 2. Discriminations against workers. has also its opportunities for mis- VII. (c) The present status of the sionary service. VIII. immigrant workers. The Negro in American labor. Child Labor Amend- September keeps step to "Bringing ment. in the Sheaves" as appropriate to the Industrial trends in the South. (d) What do the women's annual mite box opening. She makes Labor's share in the national a pledge of service as she lights her and children's bureaus candle and closes the missionary cycle. income. of the Department of At this point the altar girls What Labor wants. Labor do for women Shorter work day and week. step down into the audience and Summary. and children in indus- try? Aitn: To discover adjustments neces- II. Compile a list of household sary to "the life more abundant" labor saving devices made each lights the initial candle for industrial groups. possible through industry.

held by the woman at the end of Devotional Theme: A Laborer and III. Write a biography of Grace Aba row (small tapers with card- His Hire. Deut. 24: 14-16; Lev. IV. bott.

board bases to catch the drip- 19: 33-35; Col. 4: 1. Arrange in parallel columns all the influences you can think pings being used for all guests) , Prayer for groups affected by condi- tions discussed; for those having of which dwarf child life in the end-woman lighting the next candle in her row and so on un- power to regulate working condi- America, and all which entil everyone holds a glowing rich it. tions; gratitude for progress to- ward justice. V. Readings from "Poems of Child Labor." (National Child La- light. Returning to the plat- Supplementary Suggestions: bor Committee, 215 Fourth Avenue, New York City.) form, the twelve girls lead the I. Make surveys of wages, hours VI. Play by ch.ildren, "Ruth's Doaudience in singing "The Light of work, racial groups, Negro nation Party." labor, etc., in your community. of the World Is Jesus," all CHAPTER 6: THE BETTER WAY. candles being elevated at each II. Report on recent and pending repetition of that phrase. legislation relative to the ses- I. The Awakening Public Con- sion's topics. science. At the conclusion of the last verse, the girls form a human III. Review of "To make my bread." II. Labor Unions. cross thus: The first sits cross- IV. Locate coal areas in your state III. Cooperation versus Conflict. legged on the floor, the second IV. The Church and Industrial kneels closely behind her, the and define the present relathird kneels on a stool and the tionships between owners and Questions. fourth stands, the chin of each workers. V. Experiments in Industrial Cocoming just above the head of V. Talks on "Provision for the Wise Use of Leisure," "From operation. the one in front. When com- Mountaineer to F act 0 r y Hand," etc. Aim: To face the problems and as- VI. Discussions: Should cap ita I sume the responsibilities involved in progressing td an industrial which employs labor and labor order based upon Jesus' principles which produces capital share pleted, Nos. 1-5 form the lower equally in the income? In a of service. portion of the cross, 10-12 the upper portion, 6 and 8 the left time of unemployment, is a Devotional Theme: Living the Abun- community justified in deport- dant Life. Luke 12: 15; John 10: arm, and 7 and 9 the right arm. ing unnaturalized Mexicans 10; Ephesians 3: 14-19; 1 Cor. 2: 9. Each girl holds under her chin to give employment to Amera small flashlight covered with ican citizens? In discrim- Prayer of thanksgiving for the thin white paper twisted to a church and the unchanging Christ. inating between naturalized point at the top. When all are and native citizens? Supplementary Suggestions: in place, No. 1 turns on her flashlight and repeats "I am the CHAPTER 5: WOMEN AND CHILDREN I. Make an investigation of Labor Light of the World"; No.2, Union strength and influence IN INDUSTRY. today. How account for the changes? I. From cottage industry to fac- tory. similarly, repeats "He that fol- II. The woman wage earner. III. The child wage earner. II. Before Chapter 6, formulate a IV. Legislation affecting women and loweth Me," etc., and so on with set of ideals or attitudes for verses about light until the children. a Christian society on induswhole cross is aglow. This hu- Aim: To get a true picture of women trial questions. Read the man cross stays perfectly mo- and child workers and of a Chris- chapter. Then compare your set of ideals with those of- tionless while the choir sings tian society's obligation toward fered by the Federal Council.

"The Way of the Cross Leads them. III. Secure from headquarters in- Home." The audience departs formation regarding your desilently without closing words Devotional Theme: Women and Chil- dren and the Abundant Life. Provo nomination's attitude toward or benediction. This may well 31: 10-31; Zach. 8: 5. social and industrial probbecome a service of deep consecration that will repay all the t From outline of study course as taught lems. effort of preparation. IV. Discussion Topics: by Mrs. B. P. Heubner at the Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Interdenominational School of (a) What is the Christian's Missions. See September issue of THE RE· responsibility for so- VIEW for studies on Chapters 1-3, inclusive. cial legislation?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

~up1lta1t of£t!]hts .

r, I (b) What is the spiritual re- over. This is as it should be differ from the needs of people living sponsibility 0 f th e in other countries? church in these times? among our "Builders of aNew What changes would you like to see World." Each denomination has (c) Would it be a step for- take place within the next ten years ward or backward for issued its own leader's manualfl that would contribute to the building the church to recom- mend specific mea s- for these books. The program of a Christian world? What will you ures and candidates? do about them? guide, Now East, Now West, How many kinds of imported goods (d) What hymns in you I' presented at the Disciples' con~ hymnal are out of date go to make up your attire? How socially? ferences for young people, be- many kinds of imported foods do you (e) Which, in your opinion, gan with the familiar poem, "In eat? List the countries that daily are modern in social provide you with food and clothing. thinking? Christ There Is No East Nor Do you think Christianity is of suffi- West," and included in its fea- V. List specific ways in which cient importance to make it worth your "abundant life" is af- tures two of especial interest. A sharing with others? Write two or fected favorably or adversely by industrial conditions. personal question or problem three reasons. appeared at the close of each Another outstanding feature VI. Conduct a "Friendship Tour." month's program page, with a of this program guide was its (Must be carefully prepared blank space in which the young "Book of the Month" page on for, conducted and followed person was asked to record pre- which was listed an outstanding up.) vious to the meeting his ideals, volume related, in most cases, to attitudes or ideas on the ques- the theme of each month. If the VII. Thought suggestion: What can tion. These questions were to member had already read a I do to help realize the Chris- form the basis of discussion in given book, he or she was in- tian goal in industry? (Put the meetings, after which fur- structed to check it and insert on paper.) ther notes might be written in the name of another in a space the space as an outgrowth of the provided, the goal being, "Every Conference Briefs service. Think that over and member reading at least one discover for yourself its sound book each month related to the It was cheering to note, in the mental and missionary psy- general theme." Think of the various study book presenta- chology. Some of the questions . effect of twelve constructive, intions, that the year's books for spirational books a year upon young people and seniors have were: no invidious "Home" and "For- What do you consider your funda- the missionary outlook of the eign" discriminations but dis- mental needs? In what ways do they future! cuss topics bearing upon the missionary enterprise the world

The United Lutheran helps plan was easily adj ustable to any to-the-minute information and for the younger children were material. It was intended as a news.

complete and impressive. The vehicle for introducing the new The leader closes by saying lessons for Beginners, called study books in so simple a dra- she hopes the books will be kept "Jesus' Friendly Helpers," were matic form that the smaller busy all the year, and that she based on the idea that little chil- churches and missionary or- proposes to put them into cir-· dren want to help because of ganizations would have no diffi- culation at once, all through the their desire to do, their love of culty in using it with limited audience. All volumes thus ex- companionship and their natural personal resources. The litera- ploited should actually be on tendency to imitate. The les- ture secretary might appro- hand to be loaned or sold at the sons were so prepared as to priately take charge and "show" end of the meeting.:j: guide and enlarge this desire the books. Mrs. E. C. Hayes, of Ottawa, until a really worldwide altruis- "Those representing the books Kansas, used a delightful plan tic motive should be developed, should file in and stand in a row called "The Northern Baptist the first training in missionary with their backs to the audience. Convention at Ottawa." At the service being to provide ways in Each one should wear a paper close of the Convention last which children can participate jacket made of plain wrapping June, she had the meeting place in doing good. "The first step paper, or colored paper if de- of the children's missionary orin missionary training," says sired. It can be very simply ganization in her church decothe manual, "is to cultivate a made-straight back and front, rated with pictures of people and habit of doing something for sleeveless and opening down the things that were features of others; and 'others' may be front. The name of the book that national meeting, and took plants, animals or persons. The should appear across the back the young audience on a tour of second step is to cultivate a in large colorful letters so that inspection, explaining as she habit of helping those smaller, it can be easily read. These went. Then the president of the weaker or poorer than ourselves. names may be printed in colored organization impersonated the The third step is to cultivate a crayons or cut-out letters of president of the Convention, habit of making everyone bright colored paper ….. When called the meeting to order, happy. Having accomplished the leader announces the name used the Scripture and songs of this, we shall have missionaries of a book, the person represent- the original program, etc. An- in embryo." This preparatory ing that book will turn and other member impersonated Dr. psychology for missions is worth speak, then turn again with her Abernathy, who had made the thinking about. back to the audience as soon as welcoming address, and gave his The next grade of lessons for she finishes. Thus the names of own version of the address, and young children had definite mis- the books will be constantly be- so on through leading features sionary themes but with an fore the audience. At the clos- of the great meeting. Needless abundance of handwork so used ing speech of the leader, the to say a considerable bit of the as not merely to amuse but to inspiration of the Northern Bapdeepen the impression of the 'books' will scatter through the tist Convention was thus car- audience and be seated. The ried over to the home comtheme. The third set developed names of the people participat- munity. in the children the sense of be- ing should not be announced." ing fellow workers with God, in ONE-MINUTE PROGRAM common with Christians all If desired, children dressed in TUCK-INS around the world; deepened costumes of the lands exploited their sense of stewardship by in beginners' and primary books What is the greatest obstacle making real their own definite may be included in the "book to missionary work in the Orishare and responsibility, and shelf." Each book, speaking for ent? America. suggested the fact that new itself, gives an attractive review of its contents. When but one When there are more nights friends of Jesus in distant lands book remains unintroduced, the of prayer there will be more often followed him more whole- leader says: "There is one days of power. heartedly than do Christians in other occupant of this shelf. our own land. This is a marked Down at the end of the row you Let us beware lest some of advance over former hop-skip- will see something done in black our sacrifices are like that of and-a-jump missionary meetings and white. What are you, any- the small boy who, when he was for the little folks. way?" Here a person in a asked what he would be willing newspaper or magazine jacket to give up during Lent, replied, The writer picked up a simple turns quickly and answers in "Watermelon." terms of whatever missionary dramatization called "The Book magazine is desired, saying that A lad, headed for a mission- ary meeting, was asked where Shelf" when browsing around at he was going. He replied: "I gave those folks a nickel last the Disciples' literature exhibit at the Lakeside Conference.

While incorporating the Amer- while the books are being read year and I wanted to find out ican Indian and Chinese themes and studied, she (the magazine) what they did with it." of last year's united study, the will be needed every month of :I The Book Shelf. Missions Building, Inmaterial was timeless and the the year to bring the most up- dianapolis, Indiana. Price, 10 cents. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~I ===========================I~ A CALL TO PRAYER Mount the picture so that it Goes Out to All People may be stood on a table facing the audience. Arrange an ap- "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem propriate curtain in front of the They shall prosper that love Thee." picture so that it can easily be "If with all your hearts ye truly unveiled at the proper time. seek Me, ye shall ever truly find Me; Thus saith the Lord." Opening hymn: "Jesus the Very Thought of Thee" (Ber- You are invited to unite in a nard of Clairvaux). fellowship of prayer the world around on the Meditation: The leader may here direct the thought of the WORLD DAY OF PRAYER group to ideas centering around FEBRUARY 16, 1934 the appearance and character of Christ, or he may use the beau- "PRAY FOR THE PEACE tiful "Meditation Concerning the OF JERUSALEM" Nazarene" which can be secured by sending a three-cent stamp Pray-Prayer is consciously to to the Missionary Education enter God's presence; to speak Movement. to Him and to hear Him speak. After the leader closes the Pray for peace, peace in our meditation the pianist may play heart-Peace is the rich soil the music of "Majestic Sweet- in which all fair things grow. ness Sits Enthroned." After it "Whatever we think and feel will color what we say or do. has been played through once He who fears, even uncon- sciously, or who has his least "THE NAZARENE" the leader should say quietly little dream tainted with hate, "Let us all sing." While the first will inevitably, sooner or later, This remarkable new picture stanza is being sung draw back translate these two qualities of Christ by Colonel H. Stanley the curtain thus unveiling the into his action." "Blessed are Todd, distinguished American picture. If possible have an elec- the peace-makers": they are portrait painter, was dedicated tric light fixed so that its illumi- God's children. to the cause of missions at Chi- nation can be turned on the pic- Pray for the peace of Jeru- cago on July 16, 1933, while the ture as it is unveiled. salem- picture was on exhibition at the It is the hope of Col. Todd and Century of Progress Exposition. of the leaders of the missionary Our home town-The place Learning that the mission study enterprise that this modern con- we know best: the streets theme for the current year is ception of Christ may help us all that take us to our daily Christ and the Modern World, to take more seriously our rela- work: May peace dwell Col. Todd gave the reproduction tion to Christ and the modern there! rights of his picture to the Mis- world. In 2 Cor. 4: 6, St. Paul sionary Education Movement so writes, "Light shall shine out of The Holy Church through- that Nazarene, a great modern darkness" …… to give the light out the world. May the conception of Christ, might help of the knowledge of the glory of peace "That surpassed all rally the thought of the churches God in the face of Jesus Christ, our dreams" rest upon around this theme. the Church of God! shall we not today dedicate our- For a Worship Service it is selves anew to the glorious task The Program, "Pray for the suggested that you secure a large of making Christ live among Peace of Jerusalem," is 2 cents, reproduction of Nazarene (avail- men everywhere throughout this $2.00 per 100. This Call is free. able from Missionary Education modern world? The Poster (llxl7 inches) is 5 Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, cents. Supplies should be or- New York, sepia 12×16 inches, . Strong Son of God immortal love, dered from headquarters of the fifty cents; 20×26 inches, one Whom we that have not seen Thy face, denominational mission boards. By Faith, and faith alone, embrace, dollar; 12×15 inches colored, Believing where we cannot prove.

$1.50) . -Tennyson.

[507 ] CHAUTAUQUA HOME MIS- tions in their separate mission Department 0 f International SIONS INSTITUTE enterprises. The Government is Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- ready to cooperate and the re- eral Council, gave a stirring ad- On Sunday afternoon, August sponsibility for the religious dress on "The Churches versus 13, the twenty-third Home Mis- education among the boys and the War System." sions Institute, directed by the girls is the responsibility of the Council of Women for Home Church. Another unique interdenom- Missions, opened at Chautauqua, inational adventure presented in N. Y. At the opening session in On the fourth day Mrs. Daniel the forum hours was the work Amphitheatre, Dr. F. Ernest A. Poling, President of the carried on in Santo Domingo. Johnson, Executive Secretary of Council, presented the national Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, President the Department of Research and scope of the migrant problem. of the Board for Christian Work Education of the Federal Coun- Mr. Thomas Chiavetta, Super- in Santo Domingo, related the cil of the Churches of Christ in visor of the town of Brant, N. Y., thrilling story of the develop- America, sounded the challenge where one of the migrant proj- ment of this work and showed that faces the Church today in ects is carried on by the Council, clearly the tremendous advanrelation to the great issues con- told concretely the problems of tages of its being carried on infronting the world. On the fol- the community and the problems terdenominationally. lowing days of the week various of the farmers in relation to the phases of the missionary enter- migrant families who are im- In the fourth forum hour misprise were presented and stud- ported for the harvest season. sionaries from the different deied. In the first hour each day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Secretary nominations brought the mem- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, member of for the Migrant Work of the bers of the Institute into intithe Board of Trustees of the Council, described how a mi- mate touch with the mission task Woman's Home Missionary So- grant center is organized. With by telling the story of their ciety, Met hod i s t Episcopal this background in mind the pro- work in different areas. Church, led the mission study gram at a migrant center was class taking the book, "Christ demonstrated by a group of the In the last forum hour, Dr. and the Modern World," by Dr. migrant children who were Daniel A. Poling challenged the Hugh T. Kerr, as a basis for brought down from the migrant Institute with an address on study. The second period was center at Brant, N. Y., by Miss "Christian Citizenship." These the hour of worship. Dr. Miles Helen White and Miss Ruth Hall forum hours were outstanding. H. Krumbine was the Chaplain who were in charge of the center. for the week. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Chairman The following day the World of the Committee on Chautauqua Programs and Methods Day of Prayer was presented. of the Council, and formerly Mrs. J. H. Rush, of Canada, and President of the Council, reports The third hour each day was Mrs. Daniel A. Poling described that the Institute this year has devoted to programs and meth- this unique Day of Prayer as it proven exceptionally satisfacods for enlisting others in the is observed throughout the tory and profitable in every way, missionary task and was directed world in fifty-eight countries. with an attendance exceeding by Mrs. Mary D. White, Asso- The next observance falls on that of last year. ciate Secretary of the Congrega- February 16, 1934. tional Church Extension Boards. Prayer Seminar On the first two days the wide "Thou 0 Lord, pro v ide s t scope of the missionary task and A new feature of the Home enough 'tor all men with Thy the relation of young people to Missions Institute program was most liberal and bountiful hand; the task were under considera- the Seminar held in the early but whereas Thy gifts are, in re~ tion. afternoon. Dr. Carl August spect of Thy goodness and free Voss, pastor of the German favor, made common to all men, On the third day, Mrs. Fred Evangelical Protestant Church we (through our naughtiness, S. Bennett, Chairman of the of Pittsburgh, Pa., was the niggardship, and distrust) do Special Committee on Religious leader of this Seminar. It was make them private and peculiar. Work Directors in United States felt that this met a real need of Correct Thou the thing, which Indian Schools, presented the in- many who wanted a more con- our iniquity hath put out of terdenominational program car- centrated study of the mission order."-Meditation on Poverty ried on by the Council of Women task than is possible in the larger in "The Way of Light," by Howfor Home Missions and the group. ard Chandler Robbins. Home Missions Council. She called attention to the tremen- Forums WHAT WE NEED dous opportunity that was open to the Church for reaching thou- The forum hours held in the We do not need more intellectual sands of Indian boys and girls Hall of Philosophy were un- power; in the Government I n d ian usually stimulating. The first, schools in comparison with the on "The Church and the Eco- We need more spiritual power. relatively small number being nomic Crisis," was led by Dr. reached by the many denomina- F. Ernest Johnson. Dr. Walter We do not need more knowledge; W. Van Kirk, Secretary of the We need more character.

We do not need more law; We need more religion.

-Calvin Coolidge.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

IX THE HALL OF RELIGIOl' AT THE CE:Tl'RY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITIOl'

The Home Missions Council the most interesting buildings on Presbyterian Church, U. S., Execuand the Council of Women for tive Committee. Home Missions have an exhibit the grounds and is drawing mul- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Board at the Century of Progress Ex- titudes of people. They swarm of National Missions. position in Chicago. into the building by the thou-· Reformed Church in America, Board While it is simple and inex- sands. Some glance for a mo- of Domestic Missions. pensive in set-up, it suggests the ment at its exhibits as they pass main lines of Home Missions through, but many hundreds Reformed Church in America, Womwork, and carries out the coop- each day stop to examine the ex- en's Board of Domestic Missions. erative idea. The pictures on the wall are illuminated. The Reformed Church, U. S., Woman's diorama of Migrant Work is dis- Missionary Society. played with lighting effects. Beautifully printed placards an- hibits and take such free litera- Church of United Brethren in Christ. nounce the names of the Councils and the thirteen cooperating ture as is provided. For Immediate Action boards and societies. The me- The following groups are cochanical model of one of the factories of the Goodwill Industries, operating in the exhibit: World Disarmament Campaign Ocwhich stands in front of the exhibit, serves to arrest the atten- American Baptist Home Mission So- tober 1-15. The organized peace forces tion of visitors. ciety. of the world are uniting in a cam- The Hall of Religion is one of Woman's American Baptist Home paign for disarmament which will Mission Society. culminate in a great World Disarm- Congreg-ational C h u r c h Extension ament Meeting at Geneva on October Boards. 15, the day before the opening of the American Missionary Association. World Disarmament Conference. This Evangelical Synod of North America. Geneva meeting will be preceded by a thousand disarmament meetings in Methodist Episcopal Church, Board Great Britain and France, and it is of Home Missions and Church Ex- planned to hold an equal number in tension. the United States. Participation in M~thodist Episcopal Church, Wom- this campaign is being urged by the an's Home Missionary Society. National Peace Conference. I Our World–wide Outlook ~I'='~====A=M=is=sion=ary~N~ew~spa=per=of~Cu=rre=nt ~Eve=nts=~==~~~ WESTERN ASIA There are approximately 8,000 "If there are disheartening Jews in Beirut, with little of the facts in the present situation, Working in Syria national and religious exclusive- there are also those which fill us ness which so often characterizes with joy and hope. Easter Day The Christian Alliance Mis- the Jews in other parts, and no in Bahrain was one of the hapsion has recently held a series of missionary is employed to work piest we have experienced. Four special evangelistic services in among them. The opportuni- converts from Islam were bap- Syria, an Egyptian evangelist, ties in this city are great. A tized ; one woman and three Mr. Barnaba, giving the mes- Call to Prayer was issued in young men." sages. Converts testified to 1932 by the Sub-Committee of their new faith in Christ in the the United Missionary Council. Dr. John Van Ess, of the same face of jeers and curses from "There are approximately 100,- mission, writes from Burah: opponents. The series closed 000 Jews in Iraq, 80,000 of with baptismal and communion whom are resident in Baghdad "It would have done you good service. alone, and no organized effort is to see in what a splendid spirit being made for their evangeliza- the native staff of our workers Among those converted at tion. There appears to be a took the omission of the April Ezra'a was a remarkable Mos- spirit of inquiry on the part of payment. There was not a murlem. The evangelist was obliged many of the Jews in this area." mur, but rather a sense of privito leave before this man was lege that they were called upon baptized. No one else was there No Depression in Turkey to share the burden. It is sigto perform the rite so he went nificant too, that in this month to the water, sang and baptized Paul E. Nilson, of Talas, Asia six Moslem converts have been himself. This man does not Minor, testifies to Turkey's baptized, and more are in prosknow how to read or write, but solidity. pect." others read to him, and the -The Christian Intelligencer. Lord gives him a remarkable In Turkey seventy-five per cent of memory in retaining important the people live in villages and farm. INDIA AND CEYLON passages. He has been arrested With the world suffering from the and taken to court three times, depression the rural population of Temples Opening to but he testifies in the court. Now Turkey is hardlly affected. True, "Untouchables" others are coming to him for in- there is no money, but there is food struction. -Alliance Weekly. for all, old clothes are patched again, A weekly paper, published in and everyone has a roof over his Poona to promote the abolition Jewish Missions in the Near head. For safety, sociability and wa- of untouchability, says that East ter the farmers live in villages of Hindu temples are being opened from 50 to 400 houses, from which to untouchables at the rate of 32 The Jewish Committee of the they go out daily to their fields, or- a month. Some of these have Near East Christian Council re- chards and vineyards. These produce been strongholds of opposition. ports that a group of those en- enough food so that a village can be During the five months ending gaged in or interested in Jewish shut off from the city without lacking June 17 about 160 temples were missionary work met in Jeru- for anything except luxuries. For- so thrown open and it is besalem to discuss questions con- merly each village produced its clothes lieved that this movement will nected with J"ewish evangelism. from cotton or wool. Almost every spread. A preliminary survey was made villager has a few sheep, goats and of all the types and groups of cows. Farm tools are very simple. Before and After Jews in Jerusalem and the vari- Since the farm produces little money ous attempts made to evangelize there is a yearly exodus during the Indian village surveys under them. There is a considerable four summer months of stone-masons, direction of the National Chrisamount of overlapping yet the plasterers and painters, who go to the tian Council reveal some intervarious agencies at work reach coast cities for work. Half of the esting facts. In one village a the majority of divisions of boys in our school come from such Hindu farmer, a Mohammedan Jewry-geographical, social, na- villages. They have no cash and poor schoolmaster, and six or eight tional and religious divisions. clothes, but good brains and bodies. important men were asked ques- The student class, however, was tions such as: "Do the Chrisfor the most part out of touch -Congregationalist. tians drink?" "Do they eat carwith any of the existing evan- rion ?" "Do they quarrel ?" Ingelistic agencies. Converts Take "Cuts" variably the a n s w e r came: Rev. B. D. Hakken, of the Arabian Mission of the Re- formed Church in America, sends encouraging news: [ 510 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"They used to, before the teacher Christians from all Protestant denom- Old Testament stories published in 1932, all of which fill a need came." The teacher is a trained inations in the Telugu area. It was in- in the spiritual life of the Semas. worker who costs the mission deed an inspiring sight to see some fifteen thousand Christians, all seated only $5 a year, the rest of his on the groqnd, under an immense pan- – Watchman-Examiner. da!, listening with eager attention to maintenance being provided by the inspirational messages which Walked Seventy Miles to a the villagers and a small govern- came from the speakers of the meet- Convention ment grant. ings. Some of these people had come Who would be willing to walk -Watchman-Examiner. from five hundred miles distance, and seventy miles to attend a conven- many had walked more than seventy- tion? It is sometimes done in Untouchability Campaign five miles in order to attend. The speakers, seven of whom were Indians In seeking to lift the great un- and seven foreign, represented five India. A Baptist missionary, touchability campaign abo v e different denominations and came E. C. Erickson, of Sattenpalle, from seven different missions. The writes that 12,000 people atmere technicalities, and in em- unanimity of thought expressed tended the great Andhra Chrisphasizing the importance of through the whole session, and the moral reformation among the fellowship exemplified by such a gath- tian Convention at Bezwada in ering, made a deep impression upon Telugu country. This great outcastes themselves, Mr. Gand- all who attended. It cannot be gathering, with representatives hi is rendering great service to doubted that the fruit of this great from fourteen Protestant denom- gathering will be felt in the days to inations, demonstrated t hat India. He says: "I wish that in- come throughout the Telugu area, es- stead of engaging in fruitless controversy about what is and pecially in the lives of many who re- Christians can work side by side. consecrated themselves to God's servwhat is not contained in the ice. ' The convention hall accommo- Shastras about untouchability, dated the vast crowds and in adwe would apply ourselves to An Indian Juvenile Mission dition to the main hall there was ameliorating the conditions of Zion Church, Madras, has an a smaller one for 1,000 women. so-called untouchables. There is active Juvenile Missionary As- – Watchman-Examiner.

work enough and to spare." Con- sociation, whose membership is Training Village Teachers cerning the need of stressing alive to the opportunities of the internal reform among the out- day, and is applying itself to The Chapra Training School castes themselves, he says: for Village Teachers, which was "Workers should devote all their meet them. Since 1917 the As- begun by the churches and misenergy to (1) the promotion of sociation has been responsible for evangelistic and educational sions in Bengal, has now comcleanliness and hygiene among the Harijans; (2) improved work in a village school. pleted five years of work, and has a clientele covering most of methods of carrying on scaveng- Another recent venture is ing and tanning; (3) giving up among the criminal tribes near the missions in Bengal. A better Pannal, where work was initi- type of student is attending, carrion and beef, if not meat altogether; (4) giving up intoxi- ated by the Salvation Army but many having been in high school. cating liquors; (5) inducing discontinued through lack of The government now gives the stipend grant on a three-year parents to send their children to funds. About 150 families 'live basis. In April the 18 students day schools, and parents them- in the criminal settlement, and selves to attend night schools; the J. M. A. is starting a day went out to the village schools (6) abolition of untouchability school and a night school. They in the neighborhood, where they among outcastes themselves." propose to open another, for which land was purchased two worked with the schoolmasters It is hoped that Mr. Gandhi's years ago. A Christian engineer, and were visited two or three influence shall not so mislead In- Mr. Kuriyan, gives his spare times by the staff of the training dia as to result in strengthening idolatry. What the untouchables time to the leadership of this school. The experience was not really need is not the opportu- band of young people. only helpful to the students but nity of bowing down to an idol, enabled the staff to see how its -C. M. S. Outlook. teaching is put into practice.

During a part of the year stubut water to drink from India's A Wonderful Work in Assam dents went to a Christian home wells, right of entry for their One of the miracles of modern in the village of Chapra and conchildren into schools, social priv- mISSIOns is the evangelistic ducted meetings, and formed ileges, and the power of divine movement a m 0 n g the Sema Nagas of Assam. Rev. B. I. singing bands. grace to save them from lifelong Anderson, Baptist missionary, -National Christian Council evil habits. -Dnyanodaya. Review.

Telugu Christian Gathering writes that there is now a Chris- Child Protection in Ceylon tian community of more than From Miss Helen Bailey, Bap- 4,000, and that it is increasing The Child Protection Society tist teacher at Ongole, South In- at the rate of 500 a year. In publishes a quarterly bulletin dia, comes an account of a fifteen of the fifty-five villages and pamphlets in three vernacu- remarkable interdenominational there are now Christian work- lars for wide distribution among gathering of Telugu Christians: ers. A translation of the Gos- teachers, social workers and This spring there was held in pel of Mark and a new songbook newspapers. The Society dealt Bezwada a gathering of Telugu were published in 1931; also with 91 cases of cruelty during

the past year. The Bulletin de- Tent Evangelism General Assembly in Amoy scribes one of the evils which the Mr. Su, seller of Chinese and Dr. A. J. Fisher, Acting Gen- Society combats: foreign medicine in Yanghsien, eral Secretary of the Church of is a church member, a scholar, Christ in China, writes of plans In European countries it is the ex- widely read, and an original for the third General Assembly, eeption to find people of humble rank employing servants. In Ceylon cases repeatedly come to light of people thinker. From him came the to meet in Amoy, October 20, and living in sordid and poverty-stricken suggestion to form an evangelis- continue for ten days. Among surroundings being served by several tic project for South Shensi, to the special topics for considerawretched little children, who are half itinerate with a Gospel tent. On tion are self-support; stewardfed and unpaid. The first thing is to create a public May 30, thirteen Chinese and ship; youth in the church; Qpinion by making vivid the dreadful picture; cases of appalling cruelty one foreigner, with a large tent Christianizing the home; relimust be seen to be believed. Some of and all the paraphernalia needed gious education program; social for a stay in the country, set out, us need a lot of arousing before we betterment, looking towards a sit up and take notice of what is go- singing as they went. Preach- practical application of Chrising on around us, but the awakening ing and personal work round out tianity to social conditions as has to be done. a full day, and the first fruits they exist in China today; the Juvenile courts have not yet hold promise of a valuable work Christian weekly newspaper; been instituted, though the ques- in that district. tion has been submitted to the book of worship, hymnal, etc., Home Minister. -China's Millions. and cooperation in the face of -Anti-Slavery Reporter. the present crisis.

CHINA Witch Testifies for Christ Doctor Does More Than Heal Missionaries Evacuate Rev. Hollis W. Smith, of Lang- Dr. Thornton Stearns, pro- zok, sends the following story: fessor of surgery at Shantung British missionaries of the "In a village which contained Christian University, Tsinan, China Inland Mission have been fourteen Christian families a China, and a member of the staff compelled to evacuate their sta- non-Christian home became, to of the university hospital, retions in five cities in the Prov- all appearances, possessed of a cently held a retreat with about ince of Szechwan, China. This demon. Unaccountable things one hundred university students. was due, no doubt, to a recrudes- happened in the house. All were Of this, a Presbyterian evancence of communist activities, very much upset and unhappy. gelist, says: "It is a challenge similar to those which caused an This went on for some days, in to us who are in the ministry to evacuation of missionaries from spite of all that could be done in see this medical man winning the same cities last spring. a heathen way for peace. Finally souls all the time. His work a witch was called in to find out grew from two boys, three years -Alliance Weekly. what was the matter and the ago, to over a hundred and fifty." remedy if any. The witch came How to Save China and did her stuff. When she had -Presbyterian Advance.

A young Chinese student in finished her seance she reported Gospel Boat in Cochin-China the Hsien Beh Middle School of that there was a demon, all right, the United Norwegian Lutheran and to the amazement of all said Christian Alliance mission- Church at Fancheng was told to that the only remedy was the aries opened work in Cochin- write an essay on "How to Save Christian God. Her reason for China in 1918, and in 1929 China." His effort was so re- this was that their house was launched a chapel house boat, markable that Missionary Lan- shut in by the houses of Chris- called Tin Lanh or "Good News." dahl had it translated and the tians, hence the only place a An Annamese pastor became Lutheran Herald published it. devil could work was in their the captain of the Tin Lanh; After a well condensed review started off with a colporteur and of the t r 0 ubi e s of China, house. We were sent for and two other men for his crew. Up "brought on by internal dissen- after careful questioning ap- and down the Mekong and the sion and foreign oppression," pointed a service for enrolling network of rivers and canals, the family as enquirers. At this this Gospel ship has been plying the young patriot concludes: service the whole Christian com- "We all know that the politics of munity turned out. An enor- for four years. They visited 871 China, the hearts of the people, mous amount of superstitious homes during 90 days, preachare full of cheating, dishonesty paraphernalia was rem 0 v e d ing to thousands of people at and selfishness. Hence you must from the house and burned; night. One hundred and fiftyhave your bad hearts changed to Christian pictures and texts eight Bibles, New Testaments good ones so that you will be were put up instead. Now one just, righteous and faithful. and Gospel portions were sold, and 251 booklets. One hundred Jesus alone can do that for you. more family is peaceful, and and forty-eight people accepted Come to Jesus, confess your sins, under regular instruction for Christ; a church has been orbelieve His Word. Then we can membership in the Christian ganized and other groups meet save China by using God's Church. regularly as a result of this boat force." -Southern Churchman. work. -Alliance Weekly.

1933J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN Sunday schools, and there are I believe that unless we have a mu- "Widely Loving Society" about sixty children in the kin- When Jitsunosuke Kobashi, tual aid cooperative movemeN.t it will dergarten. Weekly preaching be difficult to secure world peace. services and Sunday schools are There are four kinds of pacifists: (1) held at Ishibashi and Mikuni, The sentimental pacifists. They are who died on June 19 at the age near-by towns, and there is an- emotional. They don't like to fight. of sixty, was baptized with his other Sunday school at Naka- I like that kind of sentiment. But elder brother by Bishop Williams machi. They also carryon work they are very individualistic and fail of Japan over forty years ago, at Juso, where there are thirty- to see through the social turmoil. (2) nine members and a Sunday The moral pacifists. Conscientious they used all of their property school of forty-six. objectors belong to this class. I like to start the "Widely Loving So- -World Outlook. them very much. They are couraciety" Orphanage for baby orphans and children thrown away geous. But their standpoint is in- dividualistic also. (3) Rational pac- ifists. Such are the promoters of the by their parents. Today there The Suicide Epidemic League of Nations, the World Court, are between one hundred and etc. These movements come from ra- The suicide epidemic has de- tional idealism, which unfortunately one hundred and fifty children veloped, according to Japanese in the Orphanage. They are kept lacks economic foundation. (4) Eco- nomic pacifists. Most of the wars of until old enough to work for police records. Since the first the nineteenth and twentieth centuries arose from economic causes. Unless their own living. Those who of this year 43 persons have thrown themselves into a vol- we attain to permanent peace in the have gone out have made a splen- cano's crater. The estimate vf realm of economics, it will be imposdid record, bearing testimony to sible to secure social welfare and the strong Christian influence of one Tokyo newspaper is that world peace. If we Christians do not the Home. more' than 200 have committed move toward the cooperative idea our suicide in 1933. The Japanese Some children of a mountain theory of life which sponsors position will remain very theoretical. district of northern Japan, or- Only through Christian idealism will the cooperative movement come to its phaned by a disastrous earth- these weird proceedings, as one own. quake, were brought to the newspaper puts it, is something Home, and when they grew up like this: "A trip to the far, far Comparative Religions went back to their homes. away land of eternal bliss, there To the question whether or not Bishop Tucker, at that time a to live in ceaseless ecstasy, un- all religions were impotent in missionary in Japan, took a long molested by petty jealousy and such a crisis as the Sino-Japajourney to that far-off district worldly cares, is, in its early, nese controversy a Chinese Y. M.

and there found a whole chain of crude and simple form the idea C. A. secretary in Tokyo replied: little churches started and reg- of suicide." This newspaper is "N0 group of Japanese Chrisularly served by these former endeavoring to prove that there tians has donated a 'patriotic inmates of the Widely Loving is nothing beautiful in plung- airplane' to its military leaders Society Orphanage. ing into the pit of a crater; that for the sake of bombing China, -Southern Churchman. death is gruesome, not beautiful, as the devotees of other religious Steady Growth and that there can be no eternal sects have been doing extensively peace in such a course of action. of late." This observation points to the need for strengthening In 1922 the nucleus of a prom- -The Christian Graphic. Christian missions in a militaryising work was found in Toyo- minded country not one per cent naka. In a rented room Sunday Baptist Work Consolidated of whose population is as yet school and preaching service's Christian. In his inauguration were held. Time went on and The Northern Baptist Mission address, Dr. Y. Abe, new presifirst a lot was purchased, then in Japan has practically lost its dent of Aoyama Gakuin Methplans drawn for a church. The identity as a mission, having odist College in Tokyo, saw fit to Southern Methodist Mission sold entered closer relationship with place loyalty to Christ before some property in Osaka and the Japanese organization. An loyalty to fatherland. granted Yen 1,500 from the pro- Executive Board has been orceeds, the congregation putting ganized on which there are nine -Christian Century. Japanese and three missionaries. into the building Yen 4,200 All general work is now their Good News from Korea (twice their promise). Later responsibility. Mr. and Mrs. H. they bought another piece of B. Benninghoff and Mr. and Mrs. Fruits of the Forward Moveland and erected a kindergarten J. F. Gressitt were among those ment are noticed in a deepened building without help from the honored for having completed interest in Bible study among twenty-five years of service. the students, in evidence that the mission. The next move was to Scripture is being discussed add more land and build a par- -The Christian Graphic.

sonage. Kagawa's Pacifism around family dinner tables, and They have today, after ten in the increased attendance at years, Yen 35,000 worth of prop- Writing in the United Church the Bible Institutes. One young erty, in a church, kindergarten Review for June, Toy 0 h i k 0 man, having read the booklet, and parsonage, with 338 tsubo Kagawa has this to say on "Co- "The Life of Christ," through so of valuable land. Church mem- ope rat ion, Christianity and many times that he could almost bership is 156, with 214 in the World Peace": recite it, sought the nearest

church and astonished everyone and articles embodying the pur- out these mountain tribes, and with his knowledge and zeal. In pose and desire of the Society carry the Gospel to them. distributing tracts along coun- have been written and adopted. R. A. JAFFRAY. try roads, one is surprised with Pledge cards have been distribthe eagerness with which they uted and a systematic monthly A Philippine Precedent are received and at the favor- income assured. The money is For the first time in history, a able attitude. One young man primarily for extending the Gos- set of official stamps for use on thanked the itinerator and asked pel. It is expected that the letters has been printed by a govif he would not come to his vil- membership will include outlying ernment department, the profit lage and preach to his father. branches – especially from the on which is to be paid over to a These experiences are frequent. other mission fields where Chris- religious organization in recog- Five colporteurs conducted a tian Alliance missionaries are nition of the help given by miswhirlwind campaign on the working. -The Pioneer. sionaries to the country. This island of Vllong Do and scat- is in the Dutch East Indies, tered the VVord throughout the Latest News from Bali where the government has island. A young man there, printed four sets of stamps visiting a friend, found a por- Since the report that 105 Bali- which are sold at a small addition of the Scriptures and after nese had been baptized, the Chi- tional fee, for the help of Salvareading it asked his friend where nese missionary, Rev. K. F. tion Army work among lepers he could find some one to teach Tsang, has baptized another 130. and beggar boys in Java and him more of the Jesus way. One Approximately 300 are ready Sumatra. The stamps have picof the missionaries happened to for baptism. This has aroused tures of the Army at work in difbe passing in company with the opposition, which takes various ferent ways, and are cancelled at helper and this friend called him forms. Christians are boy- the post offices with a stamp urgin where he found a heart pre- cotted, Hindu landlords refuse ing the public to buy "Salvation pared for the message of salva- to rent farms to converts, cut off Army stamps, and so help the tion. It reminds us of Philip their water supply and even re- work in our land." and the Ethiopian. In another fuse them burial for their dead. village on this island where the -Philippine Evangelist. -Alliance Weekly.

church was small, the non-Chris- Southern Suxnatra NORTH AMERICA tian men of the village asked that the evening meetings be held in In the whole of Southern Su- Hundred Thousand Dollar Club a large school building in order matra, south of the equator, that they also might attend. Palembang is the only city witl1 The Southern Baptist Conven- After the meeting they asked a resident missionary. A Dutch tion has launched the "Hundred permission to attend the morn- pastor works among his own Thousand Dollar Club," whose ing Bible study hour which was countrymen and there is a Meth- members pledge to contribute arranged especially for the odist mission with a thriving one dollar each month, in addi- Christians. Some twenty men English school. Mr. and Mrs. tion to their regular contribuand women gave in their names Griffin, under the auspices of the tions, until the debts are paid. as deciding to believe. There are "Couriers" of Chicago of which The money will be distributed to evidences everywhere that the Paul Rader is president, are the several institutions, boards seed is bearing fruit. Not only opening work in Lahat, of South and agencies in ratio to their are add i t ion s to existing Sumatra. This makes an ideal debt needs. If the plan is genchurches reported but old groups spot from which to cover this erally adopted and succeeds it are being revived and new whole untouched field. will bring in $1,200,000 in groups are being established. twelve months. The hospital reports eleven new Besides the regular Malay groups as being established dur- population, well intersprinkled -Christian Advocate. ing the year, eight of which have with Chinese, there are in some already built their church build- of the remote parts of the island, New Home Mission Technique ings. -Faiku Station Report. aboriginal tribes which have never been reached; wild un- In his report to the Church ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC civilized tribes, very shy of Extension Boards of the Congre- other races. They are animists gational Churches, General Sec- A Native Missionary Society and have not yet been affected retary Ernest M. Halliday fore- by the doctrines of Islam. The sees three changes in home mis- Indische Zending Bond is the Malay people are large, Moham- sion technique: medan in name, and the Chinese (1) More interdenominational coop- are plain heathen. Neither the eration for the achievement of our Malays nor the Chinese of these task. At present we are hampered by self-chosen name of a mission- parts of Sumatra have ever had ary society organized this year a meager program spread over too in Makassar, Dutch East Indies, wide an area. There is no justifica~ with about 60 active members. tion for competition between home missionary churches. (2) Combining the forces of dif- The officers are all mature men, a witness of the Gospel. Mr. and ferent denominations for carrying recognized as leaders among Mrs. Griffin (who was Miss out certain united enterprises. This their own people. A constitution Rader) are planning to search may be a geographic unit such as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Alaska, or an ethnic unit such as the and Dorland-Bell School, Hot present. A Bible school was Spanish-speaking work in the South- Springs, N. C. west, or a logical unit such as special- -Presbyterian Banner. opened at Miraflores, suburb of ized city and rural activities, or a Lima. -Alliance Weekly.

service unit as in the case of the min- Is Union Assured? Neglected Lepers istry to the farm and cannery migrants. . The proposed organic union of Very little is being done by the Reformed Church in the missions, either Catholic or Prot- (3) Effective popular appeal by the United States and the Evan- estant, for the lepers of Latin adaptation of the newest developments gelical Synod of North America, America. In some towns and seems assured in view of the ac- villages almost the entire popin visual and oral presentation, such tion taken. Nineteen of the ulation is leprous. Brazil has twenty districts of the Evan- the largest number of lepers, as the moving picture, the phonograph gelical Synod of North America probably 75,000. Chile has no have approved the plan. Final lepers, due to its natural isolaand the radio. action on union will be taken at tion from tropical countries by -The Congregationalist. the meeting of the General Con- desert and mountain barriers, ference in Cincinnati, October 3 and to the rigid care of immigra- A "Code" for Churches td 10. In the Reformed Church, tion officials. the General Synod at its meeting Since codes are now the order in Akron, 0., in May, 1932, unan- Brazil has set an example in of the <il.ay, they may be expected imously approved the plan and "health consciousness" and other to appear in the Church. One referred it to the Classes. Dr. governments are gradually fallsuch was suggested at the Luth- J. C. Leonard, secretary of the ing in line, but the problem is eran Laymen's League in Chi- Reformed Com m iss ion on complicated by number of differcago. Professor Walter A. Maier Church Union, states that 49 of ent governments involved. of St. Louis Concordia Seminary, the 59 classes had approved the outlined a seven-point program plan of union, two had done so -Without the Camp. as follows: conditionally, two had rejected EUROPE 1. To renounce all interference and competition with the partisan, polit- Slavery Abolition Centenary ical polls of state and national legislatures.

2. To disavow all attempts of competing with the theatrical interests and refuse to compromise the spiritu- ality of the Church by bids for no- the plan, and six classes are yet In Hull, England, birthplace toriety. to be heard from. of William Wilberforce, was celebrated on July 23, the cen- 3. To repudiate all gambling, lot- LATIN AMERICA tenary of the abolition of slavery tery and other games of chance.

4. To abstain from misrepresenta- tion in statements affecting the Rapid Growth in Puerto Rico by the British Parliament, and Church. the liberating of 700,000 slaves, The Baptist church in Caguas, then held in British territory. 5. To stop the promotion of bigotry Puerto Rico, is rejoicing in a and intolerance. growing Sunday school. During A 'special service was held in the past few months the attend- St. Paul's Cathedral, attended 6. To disclaim all anti-American ance has increased from 450 to by representatives of the Antiand anti-social principles disintegrat- 623. At the Sunday night serv- Slavery and Aborigines Proing the home through easy divorce, ices the little church is more than tection Soc i e t y, the Church birth control and temporary marriage. filled, and every week several Missionary Society, the League people find Christ as their Sav- of Nations Union and members 7. To consider the needs of the man iour. The candidates' class has of the Wilberforce family. Inwhom the Church has forgotten-the an enrolment of more than 100. stances were given of rescued slave boys who had risen to imman troubled by the sin that modern – Watchman-Examiner. portant posts in the Church and churches have ruled out – in the world's era of greatest lawlessness, and to preach to him the message of salvation in heaven through Jesus Christ.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Volunteer Wtthout Salary Outstanding Gains government, in the administra- tion of agriculture, and in the The Presbyterian Board of The Christian and Missionary judicature. National Missions has been of- Alliance reports encouraging While slavery has been banfered the services, in their vari- gains for last year in various ished from Christendom, it is ous mission schools, of workers sections of South America. In said that there are still 5,000,000 who are willing to give their full Argentina there were 299 pro- slaves in the world. -Living Church. time in exchange for board and fessed conversions and churches room. These are young men and were strengthened. In Paraguay Religion in Switzerland women who were graduated this church membership was 108 at year from college and technical the end of 1932. Baptisms in Two Protestant churches in schools, and are prepared to take Chile were 143, an advance of western Switzerland have pub- up the work for which they have 46 over the previous year. In lished an autoist map of French volunteered. Some will be placed Peru's jungle hinterland per- . Switzerland and vicinity. These at Tucson Indian Training haps great blessing has resulted maps show 120 places where School, Escuela, Ariz.; Asheville from the daily noon-meetings worship may be attended, telling Normal School, Asheville, N. C.; where the Indians gather, some- the hours of service and whether Farm School, Swannanoa, N. C.; times as many as fifty being the service is in a State church

or free church. The free cir- 1. The Gospel of Jesus Christ con- the baptized Jews in relation to culation of these maps remind tains, for our country and for every the general discriminatory laws tourists of their responsibilities individual, the ultimate decision about against the Jews. Hitherto, conin attending divine service. life and death. The German S. C. M. version has not exempted Ger- is therefore determined to deliver the mans of Jewish descent from the The two Swiss church organi- message of God's claim on men. laws. zations have issued protests against the establishment of the 2. The German S. C. M. is based on Famine in Russia atheistic "Central" in Basel. the Gospel of Jesus Christ, as found The Roman Catholics have also in the Bible and witnessed to by the The Soviet Republics are not raised official protests against Church. finding their course smooth sailthis activity. All urge Chris- ing. Not only are their dissentian Swiss to organize a syste- 3. The German S. C. M. declares it- tions and rumblings of revoltmatic procedure against these ',If a member of the one Church of which led to the suicide of a forms of atheistic propaganda. Jesus Christ. It belleves its task to prominent Soviet official in the While the "Central" of the be that of educating its members for Ukraine – but the i r anti-God atheists has been tolerated, the service in the Church. It recognizes Five-Year Pro g ram cannot schools of Switzerland are not that it is called to share in the ecu- bring prosperity. In spite of allowed to offer prayer or sing menic task of the Church. censorship, reports of a terrible Christian hymns. famine are coming through press 4. Since the Church has to preach dispatches and from returning Italy's Postage Stamp the Gospel to all men, the German travelers. The Ukraine is one of S. C. M. addresses its message to all the most productive states and To celebrate the tenth anni- students, without distinction. yet it is one of the hardest hit. versary of the Fascist Govern- The grain crop is insufficient ment of Italy, Signor Mussolini 5. The German S. C. M. stands in and Russo-German fugitives rehas issued a series of new post- the midst of German national life in port that 4,000,000 deaths have age stamps, among them a de- a spirit of love and sacrifice. It is in been due to malnutrition in resign which has caused much whole-hearted agreement with all the cent months. Cases of cannicomment and opposition from healthy forces of our national life balism have even been brought the Vatican. and impresses on its members the duty up before Russian courts. The of preparing themselves for the serv- conditions in the remote interior The brown oblong 30 Centes- ice of their country. are said to be worse than in the imi stamp sets forth in the neighborhood of cities. Travcenter the open Bible standing The German S. C. M. is com- elers report that Russian guides on a pedestal, which rests on the posed of associations in the vari- are not permitted to take them wings of an eagle, symbol of in- ous German universities. In outside a definite route lest they spiration. On the open page of spreading the Christian message see and report the conditions of the Book is inscribed the word the movement takes its stand on unspeakable misery. Neverthe- "Evangelium." On the lower the Bible and forms a strong fel- less some photographs are shown part of the stamp is the word lowship. It is open to all stu- of starving children and adults "Credere"-Believe. In the rear dents who definitely express a who are too weak to work and of the open Bible is the Cross, sincere desire to hear the Word are therefore refused rations or not the crucifix. On the left, be- of God, to take part in the life food cards. In some villages it fore the Bible and the Cross, are of the Association, to follow its is reported that half the populathe flags of Italy and the em- leaders, and to collaborate in its tion has died. The Christians blems of the Fascist regime, tasks. naturally suffer even more than lowered in salute. the godless on account of Soviet We believe readers will be in- discrimination. All the facts The circulation of this stamp terested in the positive affirma- cannot be obtained as the Soviets in Italy will preach a great ser- tion of faith in the above con- publish no true reports and mon to the people, who have stitution particularly in the face newspaper correspondents are been taught that the Bible is a of the present church struggle greatly restricted in their freeclosed book to all but the priest- going on in Germany. dom. hood of the Roman Church. The plain cross sets forth the Christ Hebrew-Christians in Germany Baptists Executed By Soviets of the Cross, rather than the Cross of Christ. The Dictator According to a news item ap- La Renaissance has the folof Italy is granting entire free- pearing in the Jewish Daily Bul- lowing: "According to informadom for the wide circulation of letin there have been some 30,000 tion gleaned from the Rostov the Scriptures in Italy. intermarriages in Germany dur- Press, there were, at the begin- ing the past twenty-five years. ning of January, 24 Baptists -Evangelical Christian. During the same period some sentenced to death there. They 25,000 Jews came into the Prot- were accused of 'assisting par- The German Student Christian estant Christian faith in Prussia tisans who had revolted against Movement alone. This does not take ac- the Soviet Government, and of count of Jews who went over to At a recent national meeting Catholicism or of Jews who acof this Movement the following cepted the Christian faith in secconstitution was adopted: tions of Germany outside of Prussia.

The Jewish Daily Bulletin also says that the Protestant Church of Germany, under its new Nazi leadership, will study the ques- tion raised as to the position of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

procuring prOVISIOns and am- sellite" propaganda, who call the lowing tbe dedication ceremony, munition for them.' The trial was conducted with numerous Christians to come out from the a memorial tablet to the late witnesses; all the Rostov workmen visited it. The sentence was churches, "because they are full Chief Khama was unveiled by carried out three days after it was pronounced. According to of error." Chief Tshekedi. information received from Mos- -South African Outlook. cow, another trial has been A third enemy in this part of started at Rostov against 53 Baptists belonging to villages in West Africa is the secessionist the Northern Caucasus. The sentence has been decreed be- "African Church" which was MISCELLANEOUS forehand by Moscow. The accused carry themselves with founded many years ago by peo- Some Leper Statistics great dignity. They do not give ple who were unwilling to give anybody away, do not answer the wrathful shouts of the Tche- up the practice of polygamy, and The following summary comkist judges; they only pray who yet chafed at the fact that piled from returns from fifty~ quietly and sing religious songs." accordingly they were not al- one different stations, in India, -London Baptist Times. lowed to bear office in the church. China, Korea and Africa, indi~ AFRICA In spite of all this the mass of cates some of the work done by New Field Open the Christian people are steady, the Mission to Lepers during John Hall, of the Sudan In- and adult baptisms into the the year, and the results. terior Mission, has labored seventeen years among the Tangale Church from Ekiti alone, though Patients under treatment for people of Nigeria, and has given them the New Testament in less than in 1931, were in 1932 not less than three months.. 7,742 their own language. He writes Number of above who much that the seemingly impenetrable nearly 1,200. improved …………….. 2,603 walls of Moslem opposition in Northern Nigeria to the Chris- Number slightly improved. . .. 2,472 tian Gospel have at last been broken down. "With the great An Indian Mission to Africa Cases arrested without deformneed here in Tangale, and our ity, i. e., symptom free. . . . . . 762 own personal interest in it, our wildest fancy could not have A project for sending a mis- Cases arrested with deformity. 366 foreshown a call from God to sion to East Africa is being conleave it and engage in the new, sidered by the National Mission- Of the remaining cases, some fear-inspiring task of Moslem ary Society, the aim being to evangelization. And yet the call send out Indian missionaries to became worse, or stationary, and has come." Five million Mos: build up that part of the Church a considerable number left or lems from which the mission- of Christ in East Africa which died. Five hundred and three of aries have hitherto been ex- is Indian. The General Secre- the cases arrested without de~ cluded constitute the new field to tary, Rai Bahadur A. C. Mu- formity were discharged and 62 which God is calling him and kerji, has prepared a draft plan of those arrested with deformity, into which the door is being In addition upwards of 3,650 opened. to send two evangelists to be sta- lepers were treated as out-pa.., tioned at Nairobi and Kampala, -Evangelical Christian. and working in surrounding tients. Where the attendances areas. It is proposed to open a were regular the results were Secessionists in Nigeria dispensary at Nairobi, in charge encouraging; 106 became ar.., The "Aladura Movement" in of a woman doctor and a health rested cases, and 1,517 more 01' Nigeria, which attracted to it so visitor. This work is to be in many people already Christian, less improved. and which baptized so many -Mission to Lepers. heathen whom existing Christian bodies would not baptize till cooperation with other Chris- World Control of Narcoticl:l they had been instructed, has tian projects in the area, and is been followed by the formation to be financed by the N. M. S. American people may not of a new sect, "The African It will be supervised by a local realize the stuggle under the Apostolic Church." Following committee of whom at least half League of Nations Opium Sec~ hard upon this has come "Rus- will be Christian Indians. tion to control the opium trade in all countries. While the -United Church Review. Opium Section of the League Red Let,ter Day at Tigerkloof has a budget of $48,000 a year, of which eighty per cent is al- June 9 was a red-letter day in lotted for salaries, the traffickers the history of the Tigerkloof Na- have large cash reserves and are tive Institute of the London Mis- sometimes able to corrupt of.., sionary Society, when a new ficials. The daily profits of the church was opened, the crowning illicit traders is estimated by the work of the Society at Tiger- League at nearly $2,000,000. kloof. The building, which The annual turnover is put at ranks as the finest of its kind in $690,000,000. Annual w 0 rid British Bechuanaland, is about consumption of narcotic drugs is 100 by 50 feet over all and 50 placed at forty-five tons, thirty feet high; it seats 600 persons, of which are used in China. The and was constructed entirely by United States comes second with native apprentices under the di-' seven tons, which equals 1,400,., rection of Mr. Ballantine, who 000,000 doses, and at twenty-five shortly completes thirty years' cents per dose totals $350,000,., service at the Institution. Fol- 000.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~,~tl~~==~~~~============~ Bishop Montgomery: a Memoir. By tion?" The reply came: "World- Church would be well worth- M. M. With a Preface by the Archbishop of Canterbury. 110 pp. 28 wide oversight surely episcopal, while-and it is. Dr. Kerr has 6d. Society for the Propagation of if Australia can rightly spare given here an excellent textbook the Gospel, London. 1933. for the mission classes of all you." Satisfied that his vows Here is a book that warms would be fulfilled in the new evangelical denominations. Yet the heart. Dr. Montgomery be- post, he came. The wisdom of it is more than that; it is filled came Bishop of Tasmania at 42 the call was evident when he got with a wealth of illustrations; years of age and eleven years under way. He came to the S. P. it shows a broad field of learnlater was called back to England G. (1902) under primitive con- ing, it is up to date even to the to become Secretary of the So- ditions. "There were no type- Oxford Group Movement. It is ciety for the Propagation of the writers or shorthand clerks. healthful, enjoyable reading and Gospel in Foreign Parts. While Letters were all copied. On the gives one a zeal for establishing in that office the King made him day after a meeting of the Stand- the faith of our fathers as the Prelate of the Order of St. Mi- ing Committee the Secretary hope of America today. chael and St. George, all of used to spend the whole day, The book is well indexed and whose members became at once from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. writing has an excellent bibliography. A the Bishop's spiritual charge. letters for abroad." At first he few direct quotations best indi- This was characteristic of him- was able to interview personally cate the author's position. he had the habit of reckoning his all candidates. The revenue of This book is a humble attempt to obligations by their spiritual de- the Society was £88,000; when justify the Christian faith in the mod- he left it was £155,000. He ern world. It does not apologize for mand. As a young rector he was a member of three Lambeth Christianity. It is an effort to preframed the principle which gov- Conferences. He made two visits sent the claim that the Gospel is the to America and Canada where power of God in America in the twenerned himself and his whole tieth century, as it was in the Roman staff, that "once you got hold of he met an enthusiastic reception. The Archbishop says: "Bishop Empire in the first century . . . a person you never let go." The Christian mission in America Montgomery's greatest gift to As Bishop in Tasmania he was is the effort to share Christ with all indefatigable, spending large the Church in his generation was men, whatever their race or religion. It is not set for battle against any parts of the year in itinerating not only his work, valuable as it was, but chiefly his own person- man or against any man's faith; it alone or with his clergy, confirm- ality. Indeed, what gave value is consecrated to the task of giving ing believers by the roadside if to his work was the spirit he put him the best we have–Jesus Christ. they could not go to the Church. He introduced a system of "Qui- into it … He seemed always to The cross of Christ is the guar- p.nty that God is in Christ, suffering, bear about with him the spirit ,serving, saving-in America as in et Days" for his clergy, prepar- of the spring." ing for them most carefully, for Galilee-the same yesterday, today he "judged it wrong to call his and forever. GEORGE W. ARMS.

busy clergymen together unless The book is chatty and famil- The Shi'ite Religion. A History of you gave them of the very best," iar; it is to be hoped that some Islam in Persia and Irak. By -a principle which some con- deeper study of Bishop Mont- Dwight M. Donaldson, D.D., Ph.D.

ference managers do not observe. gomery's missionary and ad- 393 pp. 15s. Illus. Luzac & Com- Here also he framed the prin- ministrative methods may be is- pany..London. 1933.

ciple which governed him in his sued by the Society. This book, in terms found in CLELAND B. McAFEE. the preface, is a statement of -secretarial life: "To the laity Shi'a doctrine and a study of through the clergy." As work The Christian Mission in America. Shi'ite Islam in Persia and Irak. on the mission field is best done By Hugh Thompson Kerr. 184 pp. The critic would wish that these by contacts of individual mis- $1 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friend- terms had been used for the title sionaries with the people, so the ship Press. New York. 1933. -support of the work in the home One would naturally suppose and sub-title. Likewise the auchurch is to be secured by pas- that a book from the pen of the thor's method of transliterating tors, not by secretaries or agents pastor of the Shadyside Presby- Arabic letters is not an improve- terian Church, now for twenty ment upon that recognized as au- ·of missionary societies. He was called back to London years an author, and one-time thorative. by a cablegram, but replied with Moderator of the General As- These criticisms are trivial ;another: "Is it episcopal voca- sembly of the Presbyterian compared with the value of the [518 ] book as a much needed, concise and readable study of the origin of Shi'ism, its growth in Irak and Persia and its differentation from the orthodox faith of the followers of Islam.

As a resident for sixteen years in one of the great Shrine Cities of Persia, Dr. Donaldson has had exceptional opportunities for present-day observation and his studies have given him access to much historical material to which he refers in copious foot- notes. While the early struggle between the rival Caliphs is giv- en in detail, perhaps the most The ANNUITY important chapters are those AGREEMENT • the AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY giving the history of the Twelve Imams and their place in the PLAN of framework of Shi'ite faith and practice. The description of the great Shrine Cities and their im- will help you solve it portance as places of pilgrimage is embellished by several fine photographs. The chapters on AND it will help you in your desire to have a share in furthering a worthy and essential Christian enterprise. Shi'ite tradition and the sinless- ness of the prophets are especial- ly valuable. A detailed table of contents for each of the thirty- W:hat is an Annuity Agreement of the American Bible Society?

three chapters and the full index Are Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society safe?

materially increase the value as What advantages do Annuity Agreements have?

a book of reference as does the Are holders of the Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society satisfied with them? eIassified bibliography. The mis- Has any annuitant ever lost money through an Annuity Agreesion interested reader will regret ment of the American Bible Society?

that the plan of the volume Are Annuity Agreements recommended as a source of income for persons unfamiliar with financial matters? seemingly permitted no refer- Do men ofrecognized business abilence to the reaction of Shi'ite ity secure Annuity Agreements from the American Bible Society? Islam to the missionary enter- Whatwillmoney placed inAnnuprise. JAMES CANTINE. ity Agreements eventually ac- complish through theAmerican A Self-Made Bishop. By The Right Rev. G. L. King, D.D. The Society Bible Society? for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1933. THESE and other questions about the Annuity Agree- A wonderful story, by the for- ments of the American Bible mer Church of England bishop Society are answered in a new of Madagascar, about a man who booklet "A Gift That Lives." made himself bishop, although without orders of any kind, and MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY whose authority was not questioned by those to whom he min- rr;;;c~ ;;L;-;O~TY, ~ ~se, A:: ;;:e, Ne;;C:;City – .~J istered. The title page bears the I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet . I significant words by Bishop No. MRS, entitled "A Gift That Lives". . O'Ferral, "The Northern Church of Madagascar is quite inexpli- I I Name……………………………….__…………………………………. Denomination…………………….._·_'— cable except by belief in the I I Address ………….._……….._..__…._._….._………………………………………………………………-…….-.:….:…-.–.- Holy Spirit." I City……………….. ……………….. ……………….. I ……………… Stale……………………………….

John Tsizehena assumed two titles, as he records in his diary, viz. "Reverand John Tsizehena, Mission Lord Church" and "Lord Bishop of North, D.D." The story of this remarkable man is the story of the Anglican Church of the northern triangle of Madagascar. It bears witness to his zeal and earnestness and is unique in the fact that one who

Less Than are not outspoken in opposition world after the Spirit and pur- to Japan's policy in Manchuria. pose of our Lord Jesus Christ. $2.00 per day One hundred and sixteen CLELAND B. McAFEE. for: board, room, tuition, and a pages describe the Progress of the Kingdom of God Movement Young America Makes Friends. By- College Education in a in Japan. These chapters relate Mary Alice J ones and n.ebecca Christian School to the churches, rural evangel- Caudhill. 12mo. 122 pp. $1.00. ism, social reconstruction, tem- Friendship Press, New York. 1933. A.B., B.R.E. and Th.B perance and anti-vice campaigns, Degrees Christian cooperation, education, This pleasing volume, covers etc. Some sixty-five pages take well the activity areas of a (given under the laws of up critically the Appraisal Com- child's life-Going to School; Massachusetts) mission Report-six articles by Doing Home Chores; Keeping Japanese and missionaries. The Well and Happy; Being a Citi- No smoking or dancing allowed! Christian work of the Japanese zen; Earning and Using Money; High scholastic attainment re- Church "Overseas" shows some- and Going to Church. quired. thing of the vitality of Japanese Christianity. Each chapter, or unit as it is Premedical, Normal. Commercial, called, has good introductory Home Economics, Music, College One of the valuable reference discussion topics selected from Preparatory, Theological. features of this Year Book is the children's experiences. In para- section devoted to directories graphs called, "Suggested pro- Send for catalogue and statistics. The number of cedure" there are good guiding Christian social institutions in questions. The illustrative sto- Atlantic Union College Japan (in addition to education- ries vary much in value and the al work) indicate that this phase list of "Desired outcomes" which South Lancaster, Mass. of the task is not overlooked. show the goal each "unit" strives The statistics report 58 foreign for, are not always satisfying. Over SO years of service. societies working in Japan, with For example; the last unit which is the climax of the study, was a self-appointed apostle and ° 1130 foreign workers; there are is Young America Going to evangelist, became in the provi- Church. The prayer reads, dence of God the founder of a 2, 2 5 organized Protestant "Within this world, within our group of Anglican churches, that churches and over 232,000 bap- country, within our very city upon the arrival of a regularly tized Japanese Christians. there are many of thy children appointed bishop willingly sub- who worship Thee in ways difmitted to constituted authority Builders of a New World. By Robert ferent from our own. Be Thou and without demur accepted the Merrill Bartlett. 166 pp. Cloth $1; near to them as they seek Thee regular orders. paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, in the way that seems to them New York. 1933. best; and show us the best The story is so unique in mis- way." No mention is made of sion history, that it constitutes This excellent book in the Mis- the thousands of boys and girls most interesting reading and is sion Study list is adapted to who never worship in any way. necessary for an understanding steady reading or to class use. It Earnest, well informed leaders of the mission history of the dis- deals in course of its discussion using the book will want to go tant part of the world in which with communism, the new patri- further than its author and lay its scenes are laid. C. T. B. otism, war, social and political deeper foundations for friend- responsibility and other social ship than merely the sharing of The Japan Christian Year Book. issues, yet it is about none of playgrounds and citizenship. Edited by E. C. Hennigar. 12mo. these particular subjects. It is 428 pp. Yen 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan, a study of the way in which lives E. B. D. P. Tokyo; Foreign Missions Confer- can contribute, under the power ence, New York. 1933. of Christ, to the building of a New Books new world. The examples are Thirty-eight authors, includ- familiar to older readers but the America Revolucionaria. S. Guy Ining thirteen Japanese leaders, book is intended primarily for man. 340 pp. $1. Javier Morats, make up this remarkable com- young people: Grenfell, Ramsay Madrid; and Committee on Coopposite picture of Japan today, Macdonald, Kagawa, Jabavu of eration in Latin America. New from the Christian viewpoint. Africa, Schweitzer, Romain Rol- York. The geneyal articles relate to the land, James Yen of China (Jimchief events of the past year in my Yen), Martha Berry-but all Adventure in Ohurch Worship. Maunational life and in international center about Christ as the mir- rice Clarke. Teacher's book, 144 pp. relations. The many important acle of history. It is a "mission" $1. Student's book, 133 pages. 70 topics dealt with include the book only as "missions" is con- cents, cloth; 50 cents, paper. More- "Shrine Question," The League ceived in a wide sense, but it house Pub. Co. Milwaukee. of Nations, economic depression, will interest young people and tbe "Manchukuo" impasse, dis- will remind them that life is nev- Boys and Girls of .China and Japan. armament, China and Japan and er too insignificant to count in Illus. 48 pp. Is. C. M. S. London. various "Thougbt Movements." the large process of making a Naturally the Japanese writers Directory of Foreign Missions. Es- ther Boardman Strong and A. L. Warnshuis. 300 pp. $2, paper; $2.50, cloth. International Mission- ary Council. New York.

School a broken ankle and a resulting inlla- Dates to

mation, is reported to have been re- Supplies stored to a normal condition in an- October 3-10 – Quadrennial Confer- swer to prayer. ence. Evangelical Synod of North S~o~unqU{, s1P,In1Itme1 America. Cincinnati, Ohio. *** ~~'~'~"~'~ltJilIem·lAlliroIlmll/eHr.r~fN~IJ October ll-lS–International Conven- Dr. Henry W. Frost, for over 40 tion of the Disciples of Christ, tile for years director of the China Inland Pittsburgh, Pa. Mission, who recently passed the 70th and anniversary of his birth, celebrated October 19-Annual Meeting. Ameri- with Mrs. Frost, their golden wedding can Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave- Personal Items anniversary on September 12th. At nue Presbyterian church, New York Princeton on September 16th they ob- City. Dr. Catherine Mabie, who has been served this 50 years of blessed life in the Congo since 1898, is the first and service, with seven children and October 31-Fall meeting. New York missionary of the American Baptist six in-law children. Many friends in Conference, Woman's 1<~oreign Mis- Woman's Foreign Mission Society in lands all over the world rejoice with sionary Society. Calvary Church, Africa to be decorated. She has re- them in these many years of joy and New York City. ceived La Croix de Chevalier de service in the power of Christ. l'Ordre Royal du Lion. November lO-ll-Annual Meeting. Dr. Herman *C. *E.* Liu, President World Alliance for International *** Friendship through the Churches of the University of Shanghai, has and the International GoodWill Con- Miss Clementina Butler, daughter been invited to join Dr. E. Stanley gress. Philadelphia, Pa. of Dr. William Butler, who founded J ones and others to conduct a series the Methodist Episcopal Church in of interdenominational conferences on United Missionary Meetings India, has offered her resignation as missions in the United States this secretary of the home base for the fall. He has also been acting as dele- September 28-29-Worcester, Mass. New England Branch of the Meth- gate of the China Committee at the October 1-2-Boston, Mass. odist Woman's Foreign Missionary conference of the Institute of Pacific October 3-4-Portland, Me. Society, having reached the age of re- Relations in Banff, Canada, August October 5-6–New Haven, Conn, tirement. She is preparing a book on 14-28. Later he will study vocational October 8-9-Rochester, N. Y. the work of Pandita Ramabai; also a and civic education in America and October lO-ll-Cleveland, O. biography of her father, to be trans- Europe. October l2-13-Pittsburgh, Pa. lated into the leading vernaculars. October 15-16–Detroit, Mich. During his absence from Shanghai October 17-l8-Toledo, O. Rt. Rev. Joh*n M* cK*im, D.D., pre- Dean T. K. Van will be the Acting October 19-20-Grand Rapids, Mich. President of the University. October 22-23-Cincinnati, O. siding bishop of Nippon Sei Kokwai, October 24-25-Louisville, Ky. has celebrated the 40th anniversary *** October 26-27-Columbus, O. of his consecration to the ministry of October 20-November 3 – G rea t e r the Protestant Episcopal Church. Charles Luther Fry, son of Rev. Charles L. Fry, of Philadelphia, has New York. *** accepted a call to the chair of Sociol- November 5-10-Chicago, Ill. ogy at Rochester University, New November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. Lucy Wang, president of Hwa York. He has been connected with November 14-l5-Des Moines, Iowa. Nan College, Foochow, an institution the Institute of Social and Religious November l6-17-Sioux City, Iowa. of the' Methodist Woman's Foreign Research, and is the author of "The November 19-20-0maha, Neb. Missionary Society, has succeeded in United States Looks At Its Churches." November 2l-22-Lincoln, Neb. having the college registered with the November 2S-24-Topeka, Kan. Chinese government as an approved Printin November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. institution of college grade. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. When You Require It November SO-December 1-0klahoma Dr. Henry E* ve*rtso*n Cobb, pres- We wish to extend to you an invi· City, Okla. ident of the Board of Foreign Mis- tation to become acquainted with December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. sions of the Reformed Church in THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of December 5-6-Springfield, Ill. America, since 1917, has resigned, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. December 7-8-Indianapolis, Ind. has been succeeded by Dr. William December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Baricroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie. Thousands of institutions and individ- December l3-15-Philadelphia, Pa. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Rev. C. B. R*ape*, a*Methodist mis- and have enjoyed a profitable printing Obituary Notes association for years. sionary to West China, has returned Rev. James McElwane Mullan, D.D., to his field after an absence of some Our specialty is Books, Magazines and for 17 years superintendent of the years. Mrs. Rape is obliged to re- Booklets. We have modem equipment Board of Home Missions of the Remain in America on account of ill to meet all the requirements of your formed Church in the United States, health. particular job. Our service is quick, died August 21, in Philadelphia, at careful and courteous. the age of 64. Dr. Mullan was also *** executive secretary of the Commission Why not allow us to estimate on your on Social Service and served on the Marshall Feng Yu-hsiang, formerly next printing? You will be delighted commission on the church and social called the Chinese Christian General with our product, price, and service. service of the Federal Council of and whl' still professes to be a Chris- Churches of Christ in America. tian, is reported to have been offered The Evangelical Press and accepted the position of Inspector Mrs. William*W*alto*n Clark of New General of the Chinese Army under Printers of the Nanking Government. York, for many years the correspond- The Missionary Review of the World ' ing secretary of the Women's Board *** of Domestic Missions, of the Reformed PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Church in America, died July 31. Miss Amy Carmichael, of the Dohnavur Mission, South India, who has Thircl ancl Reily Str••t. Harrillhurg, Pa. *** been suffering for some months from John Allen Hofmann, M.D., Pro- vost of Hackett Medical College, Can- ton, China, died April 6th in Canton from spinal meningitis. He had been a Presbyterian missionary since 1921.

S;~a~~::Work The Finality of Jesus

By ROBERT E. SPEER Dr. Speer's eagerly awaited book is the result of a life time's thinking on a subject which is at the very heart of today's unrest. $3.00 PRESIDENT STEVENSON writes: PROF. A. T. ROBERTSON writes: (Princeton Theol. Sem.) (South. Bapt. Theol. Sem.) "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to re- "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for ligious literature." good is immeasurable."

ROBERT E. SPEER i YOU N G F 0 L K S GEORGE W. HINMAN, D.D.

I "Re-Thinking I The American Indian and Christian Missions -Missions" Examined ISAAC TAYLOR HEADLAND (Translator) Entir~ly f~ee of ~'!tagonis.m. Chinese Rhymes for Children An informing work about concel'.e~. m a spmt o~ Sl?- A channing book for children presenting missions among American Incere cntlclsm and revealmg m .. '. . dians, the work undertaken by every paragraph a close, well- a genume Onental atmosphere m. Its e,,:ery missionaries and the results informed knowledge of For- phase. On every page a drawmg gIves which have accrued, by the eign Missions. Boards, SOc piquancy and undeniable interest to the secretary of the American CLELAND B. McAFEE whole. Profusely Illustrated, $2.00 Missionary Association. $1.50 The Uncut Nerve FRANCES JENKINS OLCOTT MARY BREWSk~~LISTER GO! of Missions Champions of Light MMoaui-nDteaeinosf the "The motives of missions, the present situation on the fieldsStories of heroic deeds of great mission- where Presbyterians are at aries and others by those whose chief pur- A marvelous, new tale of work, and the prospects for pose was the betterment of mankind. present-day China, recounted the near future are clearly With many Decorations by Dugald in a manner adaptable for and interestingly treated."- missionary reading courses, as Alumni Review. $1.50 Valker. $1.75 well as for general use. $1.50 II Fleming H. Revell Company …. 158 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK At All Booksellers Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: The Christian Message Is Peace . ………………………. Duncan B. Macdonald Mogul Paintings on Christian Subjects . …………………… Edward D. Mac/agan Early Efforts in Persia ……………………………….. William McE. Miller Temptations of Converts . …………………………….. A Persian Missionary Chinese-Moslem Literature. . ………………………….. Harold D. Hayward AI Gha:z:ali's Inner Secret . ……………………………… Frank Hugh Foster An Eighteenth Century liter~ry Missionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . … Eric F. F. Bishop Current Topics . ….. Book Reviews . ….. Survey of Periodicals Index for the Year 1933 SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annudl Subscription, $2.00 I in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN A seon, 12 P.ternoster Bulldln.., London Price In Great Britain. El,ht Shillin••, net

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1925

CLASS FOR FOREIGN BOY'S AT KANNAPOLIS, NORTH

Deaf? A post-card Visit World Missions brings joy of in the Far Ea&t under the leadership of good hearing again Dr. Harlan P. Beach Amazing Invention enables deaf to Party sails from San Francisco Sept. hear instantly 26, 1925; returns to Boston March 9, 1926. Sent on Ten Days' Free Trial The outstanding institutions of all Some folks imagine that deafness is Iherely a denominations will be visited. Such a personal annoYance. But it's far more than tour will give you a grasp of World that. It ruins the disposition. Upsets the Missions not otherwise obtainable. nerves. And taxes the health. A Famous Missionary Statesman Now science baa proven it is needless to re- writes; "I know of no one eitfter in Amermain deaf. A remarkable little personal hear- ica 01" upon any other continent so well fitted ing aId bas been perfected by a group of to be the educational director of a cruise New York sCientists. Immediately restores good through mission lands as is Harlan P. Beach. hearIng even to the poorest ears, Results are His ability as a lecturer is widely known Imm~di.ate-there is no waiting-no delay-no across this country. his knowledge of the danger. You hear at once–clearly, distinctly. mission field is unmatched by any living man, naturally, and he himself has visited missions over and over again and knows the whole problem The inventors are so SUre you will be elated from A to Z. Any group can be congratuwith this wonderful little discovery that they lated who can be under the leadership of Dr. offer to send it to you without a string of any Beach upon a tour through mission fields." kind-for ten days' free trial. No red tape– no deposit-no C. O. Do's of any kind. To take For full information address; advantage of this liberal trial offer, . simply write to the Dictograph Products Corporation, PROF. ALBERT E. BAILEY Department 1306-c 220 West 42nd Street, New York City. In justice to yourself. please do Care Temple Tours this now. 441-C Park Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass. It you have lost hope through other methods, we are even more anxious to have you try this remarkable little invention. For it will not tail you; and there is nothing for you to lose. Simply send name and address noW.

IF YOU WANT A Missionary Education Tours THING DONE WELL "One seeing is worth a hundred telling," Do -It Yourself When you purchase Annuity CRUISE TO ALASKA Agreements you administer your own estate Leaving Los Angeles July 31, San Francisco August 1, and Seattle Au- When you make a Will, you gust 5. let others do it Inclusive cost $165 and up, according .ror further information write to : to length of trip and point of de- parture. Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Annual tours to Alaska, the Orient, Filth Avenue. New York. N. Y. South America, Australia, the South Sea Islands, Egypt and Palestine. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- Reservations and tickets secured for pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. independent travel.

For prices, itineraries and further in- formation address JOHN COBB WORLEY Travel Secretary Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York 517 Western Mutual Life Bldg. Los Angeles Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1ll writing to advert1sers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1925 FRONTISPIECE …….. HELPING TO MA.KE 'L'HE STI!.A.NGERS AT Hm.1E IN AME&JCA Page 421 EDITORIAL,S …………………………………………………….. 429' AT THE MONTEVIDEO CoNGRESS CIIRISTIAN INFLUENcm IN DOSHISHA UNl- 433 THE OlIRlSTJAN SITUATION IN VERSITY 437 INDIA TWENTY-FIVE YEARS W]TH THE AMER- 443 445 ICAN BoARD 451 "I WAS A STRANGER"-IN AMERIOA ………….. FRFJ) HAMILTON RINDGE 457 The story of what some foreigners have e'xperienced in America Qnd of the in- 458 fluence of some Christians in manifesting f,·iena.hip. 459 462 ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST' …..•…………… PAUL W. HARRISON 46& The author of "The Arab at Home" ae8criiJes the ,JJay in which Moslems of 470 Arabia loola upon Christ, and their recepti"n of the Gospel as proalaimed by the 473 missionaries. 476, 4941 AFRICAN ICE CREAM ……………………………….. GEOItGE SCHWAB An interesting picture of African life, sho1"ing some of the results of missionary contacts.

THE RAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGLTAGE …………… C. F. BEITZEL .A brief account of one of the most virile and important races of north-central Africa.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEMf ………………….. An article based on five important books of t-he year: Christianity and the Race Problem, The Clash of Color, Race and Race Relations, Of One Blood, and The Negro from Africa to America.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY EINT'ERPRISE ……………… . … .. … ……. …….. . . .. .. .. . . ……. . . .. .. . MRS. CHARLES K. RoYS A verbatim report of one of the leading addresses gi'uen at th,] recent Foreign Missions Convention at Washington, D. C., – a strong case for woman's leader- ship_ ONE GIRL'S INFLUE.NCE IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MR3. EDWARD LANE HOSP]1TAL EVANGELISM IN KOR},A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. G. FLETCHER A unique and successful method of Chr-istian worla in connection with the min- istry of healing.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES …………………………… An article reviewing the most important book on the Philippines of recent years, written and reviewed by missionaries of !Vide experience.

THE POWER OF A GOSPEL PORTIONETTE ………….. ARTHUR T. UPSON BEST MEITHODS ……..•…………………… EDlTEll BY MRS. E. C. CRONK THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULL]<)TIN …………………………

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,IJETIN ……………. .•………..

NEWS FRIOM MANY LANDS…………………………………. ……

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……..•…………………………….•.

TERMS: $2.50 8 year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISlIlNG COMPANY, INO. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, VIce-President D.lavaa L. PlersoD, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication ollie., ad " RelI7 sr.., Harrlaburl, Pa. 250 & Oop:r $2.60 a :ra..r Editorial and Bulin…. Olllce, 156 Fifth ATe….e, New Yorll: Clt:r .aWl-eel u .aaonll-oI…. _ttlr at the POlt Olllce, Harrleburl. PL, under Aet. of Marel!. 8. 1171. HARTFORD PERSONALS T. Z. Koo, a secretary of the World's SEMINA:RY FOUNDATION Student Christian Federation, and for some years one of the secretaries of the National Hartford, Conn. Y. M. C. A. Council of China, is now in America. He rep"esent,ed the Anti·Opium W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Assoe;ation at the Geneva Conference, and made a profound impression at the student Theological Seminary conference in Manchester as well as in other Dean, X. W. JacobuB · places in England. School of Religious Pedagogy DR. FAYETTE A. MCKENZIE, president of Dean. E. H. Knight Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., has re- cently resigned. There has been some agio Xennedy School of Missions Dean. E. W. Capen · . . tation among the students and alumni in Through these associated schools :E:.lartford favor of having a Negro president. offers full training lor HENR.Y S. NINDE, the oldest living Y. M. 1. The Christia.n Ministry. C. A. secretary, celebrated his ninetieth 2. Religious Educs.tion and Social Service. birthday on April 16th, and on March 12th S. The Foreign Field. · . . he and MI'S. Ninde had their sixty·fifth wed- Each school has its independent faculty and its own lnstitutiQnal life and together they form. ding anniversary. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. BISHDP MOTODA, of the diocese of Tokyo of the Protestant Episcopal Church, reo The plan for a group of eight buildings f,?r the Foundation is being carried out. Maekenz16 · . . cently visited China in the interests of the Hall. the woman's, dormitory, is already completed and occupied under direction of the Dean .Tapnne8e living in that count-ry. of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr. Construe– tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom REv. HmE KIN, pastor of thl" Chinese building, and Avery Hall, the library. · . . Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been forced by ill~health to resign.

REV. GILBERT N. BRINK, General Secre· tary of the Baptist Publication Society, to whom a year's leave of absence was granted in October in the hope that he might reo cover his health, has presented his resigna· tion.

~orbon BISHOP SCOT1' of the North China and Shantung Mission of the Society for the Propagati()n of the Gospel celebrated On September 21st, the completion of a service of fifty years in t;'i'!,a.

REV. JDSEPH CI.ARK, of the American Baptist Mission, has returned to America on furlough after forty-five years of missionary service on the Congo. When he went out in 1880 there was not one Christian native in his district. Now thousands of men and · . . women are seeking to follow Christ and many are helping to spread the Good News. OBITUARY JAMES BOYD NEAL, M.D., for forty years a medical missionary in Shantung Province, A Graduate School of Theology China, of the Presbyterian Church in the and Missions, of high scholastic standards and evangelical loyalty . U. S. A., died in Philadelphia, February Degree of B.D. 4tll, in his seventieth year. During his servo Theological, Missionary, Religious-Educational College course ice in Ohina he acted as President of the of 4 years,college standards, hroad China Medical Missional'y Association, Dean of the interdenominational school of medi- cine at Tsinanfu, which later was merged into the medical department of Shantung University, and finally as President of the University. •• curriculum. Degree of Th. B. MR. T'HEODOR.E D, RWGS, for some years a missionary of the Ameriean Board, and NATHAN R. WOOD, President treasurer of the An>1tolia Oollege, Turkey, GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY died near Boston on April 9th, while pre- AND MISSIONS paring for his return to Turkey. Mr. Riggs Boston, Massachusetts was a grandson of Dr. Eli>1s Riggs and of Rev. R. G. O. Dwight of Constantinople. His father was Rev. Edward Riggs of Marsovan.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0'11' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETING FOR MEN HELPING TO flfAKE THE STRANGERS AT HOME IN AMERICA (See page 429)

mEMrS~IONARY

mw~ VOL. JUNE, 1925 NUMBER XLVIll SIX , AT THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS C HRISTIAN work in South America, its needs, progress and the plans for its advancement were the subjects for considera- tion by the representatives of the Protestant and Evangelical movement on this continent held in Montevideo, March 29th to April Bth. One of the delegates from North America, Mr. VV. Reginald Wheeler, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, writes of this Congress as follows: "Uruguay, politically speaking, is the Switzerland of South America. Here the representatives of the other republics of the continent can meet to discuss topics of common interest and con cern without exciting national rivalries or competition. Nearly one third of the population of a million and a half live in the capital, Montevideo, on the broad estuary of the River Plate, which has the reputation of being one of the most healthful, progressive and beautiful of South American cities….

" We were impressed by the sturdiness of the men of Montevideo and by the space given to football fields and recreation parks. At the last Olympics at Paris, the Uruguayan soccer football team emerged the champions of the world, and no South American republic is more advanced in its legislation and efforts on behalf of public health and social I'lervice. The Pocitos Hotel, where the Congress meetings were held, is situated outside the city on the beach, and was an ideal place for the conference.

"At the Congress there were 165 delegates, 19 affiliated delegates, 10 invited guests, and 121 visitors. Eighteen nations were represented, ten from South America, five from Europe- France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Switzerland; one from Central America; two from North America, the United States and Canada. There were 13 denominations represented with 36 different societies and organizations, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Disciples of Christ 421

having the largest number of delegates. Of the 194 delegates and invited guests, 140 came from South America and 67 of them were representatives of the National Churches.

"At Panama in 1916 most of the delpgates were from North America; but in Montevideo most of them were from South America. The commission reports in 1916 were prepared chiefly in the North, but these have been written chiefly in the South. The committee chairmen and members of commissions were largely from South America and the important Business Committee had 21 of its 29 members from the South. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, who was Chairman of the Congress at ranama, relinquished the speaker's chair on the first morning to Sr. Erasmo Braga, a Brazilian, after the latter's election to the office of Permanent Chairman. This was symbolic of the transfer being made today in control of the Protestant Movement in these countries from North American to South American hands.

"The topics discussed were marked by their breadth of interest -Education; Evangelism; Social Movement!>; Health Ministry; The Church in the Community; Unoccupied Fields; Indians; Religious Education; Literature; Relations between Foreign and National Workers; Special Religious Problems; Cooperation and Unity. The four of these topics that drew the most attention were evangelism, health ministry, education and social movements. The need of evangelizing the Indians, especially the non-Spanish and non-Portuguese speaking Indians, was emphasized. The Brazilian Government sent Dr. Horta Barbosa, the head of its Indian Department, to represent it at the Congress, and he and Mr. Dinwiddie, and Mrs. vValter C. Roe, made important contributions toward the solving of this problem. The need of reaching the student classes and the varied methods through which the Gospel can best be broadcasted were presented and discussed.

"One of the resolutions passed by the Congress with reference to social movements in South America indicates the nature of this report: "Jesus calls us to a universal brotherhood; peace in industry and between the nations: economic security for all: the uplift of the classes of society that lack opportunity: the awakening of the belated races; the moral enrichment of all peoples by means of a fcree exchange of scientific and spiro itual discoveries; the complete realization of our highest human possibilities. The realization of these ideals depends upon our making universal brotherhood a recognized and practical fact. The Congress therefore calls on all Christian people to cleanse their hearts of all suspicion, all prejUdice and all selfishness; to begin now to treat all men as true brothers; to keep alive the spirit of goodwill in schools and churches; to oppose all forms of discord between national and international groups; to establish personal contacts with men of different beliefs, different social conditions and national affiliations, so that there may be a leaven of brotherhood throughout the continent; to study sympatheticaJly human activities in other lands, in order that under-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

standing ainndevkenroywllaenddgehemraeyreeplirmesiennatteedatllhesruespmicaiyonbeantdheladcekveolfopcmonefnidt eonfce~ and that consciousness whose touchstone is thc Golden Rule of Christ."

"The Congress bore striking witness to the growth and power of the Protestant Movement in South America during the past two decades.

1903 1924 Evangelical Missionaries ………….. . 750 2,105 National Evangelical Ministers ……… . 1,100 2,306 Communicants Enrolled ………….. . 32,000 122,559 Total Protestant Community ………. . 65,000 251,196 1906 1924 Organized Churches ………………. 856 1,283 Communicant Members ……………. 91,000 122,559 "The largest advance has been made in Brazil; Argentina and Chile follow next. In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church at its last assembly reported more than 21,000 members, with the Independent Presbyterian Church recording about 9,000 more. These two Presbyterian Churches contributed over $200,000 toward their work in 1923.

"There are still vast unoccupied areas on the continent and certain classes and groups are not yet reached. The Protestant Movement has followed in general the coast line, but a vast region, equalling four-fifths of the total area of South America, totalling about 6,000,000 square miles, contains wide ranges untouched vitally by Christian agencies. This continent ·within a continent equals more than a third of all Asia, more than a half of all Africa. It constitutes for Evangelical Christianity the largest geographical expanse of unworked territory to be found on the face of the earth.

"An impression made by the Congress upon the delegates was that of the true unity and fellowship with one another and with Christ. Not once did there arise serious disagreements. Dr. Mackay of Lima, Peru, struck the keynote when he said that we should love the living, loving Christ, we should love one another, and accept the full consequences of such love and allegiance.

" 'Our message is to be prophetic rather than sacerdotal; the living word of the living Christ to living men, the essence of Christianity being not a rite, nor a creed, but communion with the living God and service of men as our brothers, growing out of the inspiration and fellowship of that communion.' "

[A fuller report of this Congress is expected in our next number from Dr. Robert E. Speer.-ED.]

THE CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA nAS IS well known, the people of India are "very religious," but they are far from Christian. Following the long years of ignorance of Christ's teachings and spirit, and of bitter hostility to Christian missions, there has dawned, however, a period of better understanding and deeper sympathy with Christ's character and ideals. Christianity has had a great influence in changing many Indian customs and many leaders consider Jesus the greatest religious force in India today. His influence has been to purify the native religions and customs, even though men have refused to acknowledge openly His deity and Lordship. Reforms have taken place among Hindus, calling for an abandonment of idolatry, childmarriage, caste and temple immorality.

The Christians are increasing proportionately much more rapidly than the population, but not numerically. Some missionaries feel that the missionary methods of the past are not adequate for the present; that the Christian message needs to be presented more in its original Oriental form and that Indians must be given more freedom in its interpretation and expression. The Occidental form of Christian truth and organization is proving a hindrance to Indian minds, but the essential message of Christ· to sinners is welcomed. This message must be the vital truth of God's love and life offered to men in Jesus Christ and must be related to the history and beliefs and every-day needs and experience of those to whom the message is addressed. Too often the Christian Gospel has been given a Western background, dress and outlook. The presentation of Jesus Christ llimself as the revelation of God is supremely needed. He must be the living Jesus of the Gospels with His deity, His miracles, His parabolic teaching, His godlike holiness and sympathy, His atonement by the sacrifice of Himself, His gift of new life by faith and His aSSUl'anee of eternal life through His resurrection from the dead. Jesus Himself must be the center and circumference of the Christian message.

India has shown her readiness to listen to this message. Mahatma Gandhi is honored for his advocacy of the principles of Jesus. Even lecturers from the West who exa1t Christ are listened to by multitudes with sympathetic attention and respect. The Christian Patriot of Madras, edited by an Indian Christian, says of the lectures on "Jesus" delivered by Rev. Charles "Y. Gilkey of Chicago: "The intensity of interest and unflagging attention . . . was maintained at white heat. . . . It is Jesus, Jesus, and Jesus again that India will listen to . . . not to any other claims, institutions or ecclesiasticisms.' , India also will respond to Christian teaching related to the real, present-day life and problems of India. There has been too often a union of Indian Christians with Western forms of life and edu-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

cation rather than the injection of Christian life into Indian communities. Ostracism, persecution and lack of sympathy have separated Indian Christians from their neighbors in a way that has made them seem foreign and has made their religion seem to belong to foreigners. The" salt" that seasons must be in close contact with the mass that needs to be saved. Many missionaries also believe that whatever may have been the reasons in the past for paying Indian evangelists with Western money, this method should be gradually discontinued. The Indian Christians should, like the Christians of Apostolic days, be taught to act as unpaid evangelists wherever they are, supporting themselves by their own labor or receiving the free-will contributions of the people among whom they serve. The Indian Christians need to be trained, as do Christians everywhere, in voluntary service and systematic giving.

Rev. James F. Edwards, editor of Dnyanodaya, published in Poona, India, says in the course of a recent address: "As far' back as many of us can remember the Christian Church in the West has been praying that God would show to His Church an 'open door' in the East, that His Spirit might so work on the hearts of millions in the Orient that they would be ready to listen to the message of His Loving Son, and so lead the way to the Christianizing and evangelizing of the whole of the mighty East. All we read the signs of the times we are unable to resist the conclusion that God has answered the greater part of this prayer and that in India there is already the widespread preparedness that has been prayed for by earnest Christians everywhere. The evidence for this is manifold. It will be tragic if, with this truly great and unique situation upon us, we, the followers of Christ, whether missionaries or Indian leaders, are found unequal to the task of leading India's most influential men and movements to Christ, and if one of the biggest opportunities ever offered to the Church should pass away without being used to the fullest possible measure.

"The Indian President of the National Missionary Society of India, in speaking on 'The Missionary Responsibility of the Church in India,' said: 'Leaders of Indian thought and opinion all over the country are today looking up to Jesus with growing regard and admiration, and there is an unprecedented preparedness on their part to listen to the really vital gospel message. . . . On the other hand, the Church is not equally prepared on her part for an advance towards non-Christian India. There are large sections of the Church whose attitude towards evangelism is one of apathy, not to speak of some who are even anti-pathetic. While non-Christian India is saying like the Greek delegation, 'Sir, we would see J es~£s,' the Church is not ready to take the place of Andrew and Philip. The common complaint is that while Jesus Christ attracts people, the Church repels them. To build a more Christlike Church in India must be the supreme duty of missionaries and Indian Christians alike and the task will call for their closest possible cooperation in every sphere of work.' "

Another hindrance to Christianity in India, one that has often been mentioned, is the life of many Europeans and Americans who are looked upon by the Indians as Christians. It is difficult for this

influence to be counterbalanced by the consistent lives of many whose example, testimony and service has been notably Christlike.

For Christ to conquer India, the lives of His people must be more in harmony with His Book. The first place must be given to the Bible as the guide of life and the authoritative history of Jesus and His message. Missionaries or Western teachers who ~ast doubt or discredit upon the Book that has been translated and placed in the hands of the people discredit themselves as messengers of Christ. The editor of Dnyanodaya truly says: "India is turning to the Bible for a correct idea of Jesus, and India is also insisting on what one leading Indian Christian speaks of as 'India's right to interpret Jesus and His" path of salvation" in its own way.' This is clear from a thousand facts that appear daily, facts which illustrate the astonishingly unique position occupied by the Bible among India's remarikable religious literature."

It is the Church of Christ in India that mUi'lt be given the Bible and must be given the opportunity to interpret the teachings of Christ and to apply them to daily problems, conduct and the promotion of Christianity. The young Church must be allowed to grow, to suffer, to learn, to try its strength, to realize its dependence on God and its responsibility to Him. Christianity must pervade Indian life and customs, Indian literature and law, Indian industry and politics, Indian family and social life, Indian education and religion.

The Christians of India are capable of great spiritual development, of remarkable self-sacrifice and of large achievements. They need education; they need concrete example and encouragement; they need to see that Western Ohristians practiee as well as teach absolute dependence on God and His Word for guidance and for power to live in harmony with the teachings of their Divine Master. Christianity is unique in its Way of Life through forgiveness of sin brought by the sacrifice of Christ, the Son of God, on the CrosFl. India has nothing like this, but India can understand this Gospel. The Holy Spirit can bring Indian Christians into a realization of the power of God in the life that now is and for the life that is to come.

OHRISTIAN INE'LUENOE IN DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY I N February, on the eve of the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of Doshisha University by Joseph Hardy Neeisma, a disturbance took place which was said to be due to the President's plan to strengthen the Christian purpose and spirit of the institution. This was founded by a Ohristian Japanese as a Christian college, but the effort to establish a high educational standard in all of the departments has led to the employment of a large number of non-Christian teachers who are not in sympathy with the Christian purpose and program. In order to maip.tain the Ohristian

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

character of a missionary institution, professors are sometimes selected from Ohristians not properly qualified to teach. This naturally creates much dissatisfaction on the part of students. Those who are inclined to be radical and rationalistic also object to all religious influence in their education. There was some opposition to education through the English language and the application of the so-called "Dalton System" of education in the University. These plans are, however, favored by the graduates.

The trouble seems to have been largely due to misunderstanding on the part of certain non-Ohristian professors and students concerning the movement for reform in pedagogy and discipline. The rumor was started that the President intended to get rid of non- Ohristian teachers and professors, of whom there are a considerable majority in some of the departments. There was a short-lived effort to secure the resignation of the President and the Dean, but the misunderstanding has been cleared up and peace restored. Large numbers of Japanese have entered the school in the spring term so that the problem. is how to provide for them.

One thoroughly familiar with the educational work in Japan, says: My judgment in regard to having a large number of non-Christian professors is that if you have such a situation you do not, in fact, have'a Christian institution. .. It is difficult in any case. So many of the first generation Christians are inclined to compromise with their non-Christian environment and pander to it, as was true in the early days of Christianity …

But it is no easy task to find qualHied Christians. There seems to be a lack somewhere in preparing such professors. The Government has its normal and higher normal schools but there is no such institution among the Christian institutions. .. This is one of the subjects for conference in connection with the next annual meeting of the F'ederation of Christian Missions …

There was a strike in another missionary school in Japan last fall because the institution was not Christian enough. The students were displeased with a dean who seemed to be lowering the Christian colors in order to get numbers and a larger sum in fees.

Some of us are more and more coming to the conclusion that largeness spells defeat of our Christian pnrpose in mission instit.utions. With a small number, say about three hundred and fifty or four hundred, we can keep the institutions Christian and permeate the student body with Christian ideals and Christian cosmology. Above that nnmber, the problem becomes increasingly impossible …

This raises again the question of the wisdom of employing a large number of non-Ohristian teachers in a Ohristian missionary institution in order that the scholastic standards may be maintained. It is difficult in a non-Ohristian land to secure a sufficient number of properly trained Ohristian professors. The effort to reach the standards required for government recognition and to enable the institution to offer educational opportunities under Ohristian auspices to as large a number as possible, has led some to adopt a policy that seems to many to compromise the distinctly Ohristian character of

higher educational missionarv institutions. It is difficult to avoid the tendencies of the time au'd in some cases the good has become the enemy of the best. Intellectual standi.ng should never be empha·· sized at the expense of the evangelical Christian message and influence. In most of the missionary institutions, however, the Christian character and training have been kept to the fore. In Doshisha University a few months ago Rev. Paul Kanamori conducted a very fruitful evangelistic campaign.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD D R. EDWARD C. MOORE, in a recent address, reviewed the twenty-five years of his experience with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was elected a member of the Prudential Committee in 1899, became chairman in 1905 and president of the Board in 1914. Among the prominent men active in the Board and in the missions in 1899 were Dr. Samuel B. Capen, Dr. Judson Smith, Mr. D. Willis James, Dr. George Washburn and Dr. Elias Riggs of Turkey, Dr. Daniel C. Green and ,T. H. DeForest of Japan. Professor Moore says that the Prudential Committee has stood for a conservative type of theology but that theological views have not weighed in consideration of men for membership on the Board or in the acceptance of candidates for the field.

Among the notable historical events that have transpired in this period are the Boxer uprising in China, the capture and release of Ellen Stone in Albania, the establishment of "Yale in China," the Spanish-American War and the opening of missions in the Philippines, the Turkish Revolution and the Armenian massacres, the revolutions in China, the Shanghai Missionary Conference, the Edinburgh Conference, and the establishment of National Christian Coullcils in Japan, China and India. In America the "Laymen's Missionary Movement" and the "Interchurch World Movement" have come and gone.

Great progress has been made in medical and in higher educational work and in the employment of native workers during this period. The first year's receipts of the Board in 1810 to 1811 were $999, while the Board Centenary Fund reached the sum of $995,000. The Woman's Board celebrated its Jubilee in 1917 and helped to raise the total receipts to $1,247,000. Then followed the period of struggle after the World War. While the income has increased to over $2,000,000, expenditures have grown even more rapidly and debt has been an almost constant handicap.

Profcs8or Moore closes his report by saying that great as is the need of money, it is "personality upon which everything turns." He warns against the passion for mechanism and high organization.

A Y. M. C. A.· BANQUET OF MANY NATfONALITIElS, PREPARING FOR

IN AMERICA "I Was a Stranger"-in America BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGF;, NEW YORK "OURSecretary of the Industrial Department, International Y. M. C. A. melting pot apparently ha~d-?oils the aliens," remarks a modern newspaper. If so, It IS O1tr fault. The Church and Christian people are in constant danger of ignoring their responsibility for concrete service among the 14,000,000 foreign- a born and 22,000,000 of foreign parentage in America. "Here are millions of strangers in strange land," wrote the late Bishop Charles D. Williams,'" "in the solitude of the crowds, torn up by the roots from their native soil, stripped of the age-long traditions and customs that surrounded them from birth, having lost their old social conventions and standards and found no new ones; church, community, often family and home gone, for many of them are single men. Is it any wonder that they often lose their moorings and are driven by gusts of passion and carried by the ideas of strange life about them to moral shipwreck~" He continued: "Then consider the foreigner's experience. Frequently he is mercilessly exploited by our industrial system, eagerly seeking cheap foreign labor. He is a mere tool to be used, perhaps to be used up, in its process and then thrown carelessly into the scrap-heap. No one cares for his soul, his personality. Even his own countrymen who have come here before him and learned something of the language and customs of the strange land, frequently use their • In his book, "The GospeJ of Fel1owship." ~9

superior knowledge to prey upon him most rnthlessly. We all know what padrones do to their own people. If an immigrant has a family and sends his children to the public schools, these children are often socially ostracized by native-born American children, or children one degree removed from foreign birth. The finger of contempt is pointed at them. They are called 'dagoes' and 'hunkies.'

"By and by, perhaps, the home itself begins to break up. The children acquire a smattering of our language and customs, particularly the 'smarty' Americanisms of the streets, and they turn with contempt on the father and mother who persist in their queer foreign ways. And so the process goes on. Is it to be wondered at that life grows confused, loses its stability and its victims are driven to recklessness or else to an ingrowing association with those they still understand, their own people f"

What a challenge! It is the duty and privilege of every church and Christian organization to help aliens realize their hope of equality, freedom and justice in America; to help them to a better understanding of community life; and to give them a practical demonstration of the spirit of our Christianity.

It is the duty and privilege of every Christian agency to discover the number and character of the foreign population of the city, to study its needs, and learn what other agencies-philanthropic, patriotic and religious-are working for its welfare. A church, Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A. owes it to the development of its membership in Christian service and self-sacrifice, to interest men and women in such volunteer work as teaching immigrants the language of our country, aiding them to appreciate its laws, rights, and institutions, and giving them opportunities for adequate self-expression. Work among immigrants should be coordinated in every city by bringing together representatives of the various welfare societies. Real Christian Americanization is one of the most practical channels of home missionary service. In this work the prayer of our ~faster "that they may be one" may find fulfillment. The foreign-speaking aliens will often be suspicious of our motives. But their suspicions may be turned into implicit faith through unselfish endeavor which will help them understand that the spirit of Christ is "not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but of God."

A common experience is that of a Porto Rico boy brought into touch with Christian men for the summer. Said he, "When you first gave me a: Bible, I got Him in my head. Now, I have been with you all summer, and," touching his breast, "I have Him in my heart!" A Dane, who usually spent his Sundays in carousing with his fel- low countrymen, after attending a series of religious meetings de- cided to become a Christian.. Next morning he went to his work in the steel mill where he had been for fifteen years, and said to the man next to him: "Do you know, I have the greatest joy in my life that I have even known ~ I am a changed man. I have accepted Christ."

"Oh, that is nothing new," said his frieno, "1 have been a mem-

"l925] "I WAS A STlRANGER"-IN AMERICA

ber of the church for sixteen years." "What, you a Ohristian T" said the new convert, "I don't believe it I You could never have had the joy which I have, .and kept it to yourself! I don't believe you were ever converted."

Though the Dane could not speak perfect Eng'lish, he became a real spiritual force and within a year, out of ten men who worked in his gang, seven were led to Ohrist. He was made a deacon in his church, organized a new Sunday-school and expects to give hi81ife to Ohristian Americanization work.

A Scotchman who had dug coal for twelve years in the old country and expected to do nothing else, came in touch with one of the Y. M. O. A. coal miners' Institutes. He took the mining course, passed successfully the state examination, and within eighteen months from the time he started, was promoted to a superintendency. Through the influence of the Association he cut out drink and was restored to active service in the church.

It is necessary to serve people where they are as well as where we are. A secretary thus describes some of his recent experiences: "I have spent two days on the banks of the Hudson, and find foreigners in every town along the river. In the quarrying industry, they are the men who do the hard work. Last evening a group of about sixty lfagyars came toget.her. There wa;; no place where they could meet, so we proposed to study in the open air. .A barn was WORTHY OF A WELCOME-FROM NORWAY close by, and inside two quarry carts. We asked the men to take these out. Two gasoline lamps were lighted, and I stood between these in the barn and gave the men their first lesson. Of course, with the gasoline, barn smell, and garlic, the occasion did not lack the flavor of real life. This evening the first lesson was given to a group of Italians in the store of the Italian commissariat. Inside the counter Mike Cappitala slyly dispensed 'near-beer,' and on the other side I dispensed English. We got the lesson down, but not quite as fast as the other fellows got down the beer. "

An Italian bootblack entered the Young Men's Institute in New York one nig·ht behind one of the bulky members and got into the gallery, where he watched with wondering eyes the men on the gymnasium floor. This appealed to the boy; he wanted to join, but was a year shy of the entrance age. When he had passed his sixteenth birthday, he paid his membership fee, found a class where he might learn to read and speak English, and studied hard to be on an equal

footing with the other members. From that class he went into more advanced English training, and took up mathematics. By persistent effort and by the influence of Christian friends, he has become a man of education and sterling character. He is now superintendent of one of the large life insurance companies.

There are innumerable instances that might be cited of personal service rendered to foreigners by Christian workers. Experienced volunteer workers among foreigners agree that they secure ample reward for their" work from the touching appreciation manifested. One night-school student writes: "The teachers have done the lessons so interesting that the evenings have passed as real entertainments. So far, attendance has been steady without any persisting to it. It is beyond our power of expression to say the full A COSMOPOLITAN ENGLISH CLASS PREPARING FOR CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP Six nationalities represented: 2 Czechs, 2 Ukranians, 2 Greeks, 1 Mexican, 2 (}ermans. 2 Austrians measure of thanks we feel. .Also it is beyond our power to carryon such work ourselves. Weare entirely dependent on you. It is my wish, if we were able in the near future, to contribute something towards the support of the work."

People from other lands hate to be patronized. Why should not the Church assume its rightful place of leadership in bringing about this universal mutual understanding and eympathyf Christian Americanization is a process of getting into tune. A symphony orchestra is composed of many players, using different instruments, but complete harmony is possible when they play in tune. America is a great orchestra of more than fifty racial groups, and harmony will be achieved only when foreign and nativeborn learn to play in tune. "I was a stranger, and ye took me in!"

Reaction Toward

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Author of "The Arab at Home"

I T is a time of transition and confusion in Arabia, with currents and cross currents flowing in every direction. Much on the surface has no appearance of stability, and the permanent elements in the currents underneath are not easy to determine. Almost every possible reaction to the gospel message is seen, but an ominous black thread of uniformity runs through them all.

An Arab worthy of study in this connection is Mullah Fulan, a leader of the Bedouin Wahabees, an exceedingly fanatical desert sect which calls itself "The Brethren." This old blind teacher, on first acquaintance, appears to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing during the changes of the last ten years. More intimate acquaintance confirms the ~mpression that he has indeed forgotten nothing. His devotion to Islam is as unquestioning and sublime and intolerant as ever. He would sacrifice his life unhesitatingly rather than give up so much as one jot or tittle of his convictions. When war broke out recently between the desert Brethren, of whom is a leader, and the coast town where he lives, he expressed the hope pnblicly and emphatically that the town might be taken and sacked by the true believers, so that it might thereby be cleansed of its iniquities. He was imprisoned and barely escaped execution for this treason, but he bent to the storm not an inch nor restraeted so much as a syllable.

Mullah Fulan has forgotten nothing, but he has learned a great deal. He knows that the eventual success of his beloved leader, Bin Saoud, will depend upon the British allowing him a free hand. He knows that in spite of the bloodthirsty exploits of the "Brethren" their power is as that of grasshoppers in comparison with the West. All this he knows, as do the Brethren in the depths of the inland deserts, but the Gospel gains no advantage on that account. The West is not loved because it towers above the Arab in point of military strength. Rather, it is hated more cordially than ever, and its religion is hated along with everything else from that part of the world.

Upon coast Arabs the impact of Western civilization, during the past ten years, has made a far deeper impress than upon the desert Brethren. Such a man is Sheikh Abdullah who rules over one of the coast towns of Arabia. He has visited England, and been invited to inspect the great British petroleum works in Persia. His pride in things Arabic has disappeared, and now his people chafe under the rule of a sheikh who, to their mind, has lost every kingly line from the outline of his soul. He has learned a little English and wishes 433

to know more. He has a cook who can prepare an English meal. To his great delight friends from among the Britli'ih political agents and the local missionaries have secured for him a complete outfit of table cloth§, _dishes, cutlery, and glassware. Thus is his soul delighted. It is a pathetic thing to see a man, whom birth has set upon the throne of a king, bring to his task the soul of an amiable child. Does this man, who looks with no pride upon his own people with their superb racial inheritance, regard his religion with doubt and misgiving 7 He does not. Having lost much of his racial self-esteem he clings with renewed determination to the faith in which he was born. Missionaries take dinner with him and enjoy a creditable English meal. He enjoys them, but with the express understanding that religion is something that cannot be changed.

Idris is a moderately prosperous merchant, a keen well-informed man with an appetite for world news which no great number in America could equal. He sees much further below the surface of world affairs than does the ruler of his city. The tinsel of Western civilization has not fascinated him and he wastes no time on table cloths and English dinner services. He knows that the thing which his people need is modern education. Twelve years ago this man organized a school whose attendance runs into the hundreds. The management however passed out of his hands, and the more conservative element gained control, insisting on a curriculum which to his mind did not meet the needs of the situation. He proceeded with unlimited energy to the organization of a second school which should be more modern. In all this the man could make only a moderate financial contribution himself. He secured the necessary funds and cooperation from other members of the community. Even the second school did not prove to be entirely successful, for the teachers that could be secured were insufficiently trained. Undiscouraged by this unsatisfactory outcome he has recently sent four of his most promising boys to Baghdad for training as teachers so that the school may have a better quality of instruction.

What is the motive behind this man's indefatigable labors .to promote education, and protect his city and his people from the evil influence and power of the West 7 Hasi he ever thought that the religion of the West might be a beneficial contribution for his own people 7 He has not. Effort such as this in our lives might be centered around patriotism but the Arab knows no patriotism as such. All he knows is religion. As far as the mind of another can be penetrated and understood, Idris' whole motive has been the service of his religion. Neither his race nor his country constitutes the object of his loyalty. StilI less his ruler whom in fact he would be glad to see deposed. His old outlook upon the universe he will give up without a qualm. The old learning which is so prized in all Mohammedan countries he can sacrifice with no misgivings. He is

192[;] ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST'

convinced that his religion is the one true faith, that it is capable of meeting every problem presented by modern knowledge and present political conditions. He has worked all his life in the service of his faith. To interpret his interest in modern education as evidence of a weakening grip on the part of his religion is to find ourselves about as far from the truth as it is possible to get.

This next man, a young man, is a brother of the director of customs. He has had a moderate amount of education and reads newspapers. His knowledge of the affairs of the world does him credit. He is pathetically friendly toward the missionaries. He will listen courteously to a discussion of Christianity. I doubt if he would resent a courteous and sincere explanation of the weak features of his own religion. But he is not therefore near to the Kingdom of God. The influx of Western civilization has exposed him to temptations that he might possibly have avoided otherwise. More probably he would not have avoided them. He is still a Moslem but his life is so flagrantly immoral and wicked that he has the respect of no one. He is friendly to the missionaries largely because lacking friendship elsewhere he is willing to accept it here.

Unfortunately this man is typical of many of these days. During the war the tide of Western civilization came in with a great rush. It is receding now and, stranded without character or faith, with nothing to cling to or believe in, thousands of these men are to be found all over Mesopotamia and to a less extent throughout the Gulf. Immorality and drunkenness were never so common even in the days of the Turks as they are now. Unbelief was never so prevalent. These men are perhaps the farthest of all from the Kingdom of God. Bound by no sanctions, ethical or social or religious, they seem to have no standard of morality whatever and the world to them is a black stormy landscape without a ray of light. Overcome by appetites and sins, they lack even the elementary faith in God which their religion once provided. It is a tribute to the extraordinary strength of Islam that these utterly stranded men form such a small percentage of the community. As the tide of Western domination recedes the great mass of people are found more or less where they were before.

Finally the rare man who is earnestly seeking the light, how does he react when brough into contact with the Gospel of Christ ¥ Such men exist and, even in the troubled times now upon us, they emerge on occasion. Their numbers indeed are larger than ever in some of our stations, notably in Mesopotamia. These men listen with interest, and look with longing upon the promised land of the Kingdom of God. They are captivated by the vision that gradually unfolds before their eyes as the missionary guides their spirits to a realization of what it is that Christ has to offer us. But more than ever they shrink from paying the price. It is a high price, and with

all the efforts of the British Government to bring in a reign of religious toleration and freedom it is doubtful if that price is substantially less than it was before. A convert does not always pay for his conversion with his life, but his life is always in great danger. Men's hearts have always quailed before such a prospect, and now more than ever they shrink from entering the Kingdom of God on such conditions. It is futile to speculate on the exact cause of this weakening of the moral fiber of the Arab. It may be that the assumption of the reins of government by aliens has weakened the Arab's rigid resolution and self-reliance. It is more likely that political changes which drive the stronger and more admirable types of men away from the vVesterner 's religion, attract weaker men.

Thus there is a black thread of uniformity running through all the bewildering variety of reception given the message of Christ in Arabia. The one thing that stands out, like the gaunt naked skeleton of an unfinished building, is the appalling undiminished grip in which Mohammedanism still holds the human heart. The outside plaster may crumble away only to make possible a more modern and attractive exterior. It may be possible that Islam is disintegrating, but no such impression is gained from experience in Arabia. It is at least equally possible, indeed far more so, that shaking off some of its handicaps under the pressure of modern word sentiment, it will emerge stronger than ever. In Turkey at least, the incubus of polygamy and free divorce appears about to be sloughed off. Such a change will not cripple Islam. It will stand forth a more formidable opponent of the Gospel than ever.

The Church of Christ faces in Islam not merely an unfinished task. She faces a task of appalling difficulty as yet scarcely begun. In the important centers of Moslem life, the voice of Christ's messenger is not even heard. There has yet to appear the first indigenous church called out by the Spirit of God from among the superb peoples now numbered among the followers of Mohammed. The campaign is being pushed by means of medical work. It is being carried forward by means of schools. We try to distribute the Scriptures far and wide. Above everything else the missionary tries so to live that, in meeting him, his Arab friends will meet Christ. What we need is not improved methods and better instruments. Our methods are not bad now, nor are the instruments impossible. We need better ones very much, but what we need above all things is power in the work, the power of God which transforms men and makes them partakers of the divine nature, converts who shall walk through the storms and fires of persecution in the power of God and not in the weakness of man, rocks like Peter upon whom Christ can build His Arabian Church. There has never been a time perhaps when the Church of Christ faced a more desperately difficult task, never a time when the prayers of God's children were more needed. BY GEORGE SCHWAB, BAKBAYEME, WEST AFRICA MJissionaJ"Y of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 19<J5· I F you ask American boys and girls, "vVhat is better t.han ice cream on a hot day~" they will perhaps tell you "More ice cream!" In Africa it is always "a hot day." If you were to give an African boy or girl a dish of ice cream, it would be tasted and then set down.

"Do you like it ~" you ask. "It's sweet, but it's hot!" his indirect answer would be. The few into whose hauds we have given a bit of ice, obtained from some steamer stopping off our coast station, have let it fall exclaiming, "It burns!" But these chocolate-hued boys and girls have something, which to them tastes as good as does ice cream to Americans. When one starts inland from the coast, there is first the low, level, forest-covered delta plain, home of the elephant. At Edea the great Sanaga River drops seventy five feet, making a most wonderful waterfall. This is the first rise from the plain. We march on for fifty miles, up and down the" children hills" until we reach Sakbayeme. The missionary has packed his camping outfit and is about to set out to visit his people and work- MR. SCHWAB AND A GORILLA (DEAD) ers. Down the bluff, upon which is built the station, he and his carriers walk and are ferried across the river in a canoe made of a hollow log. Then up and down he goes again, first over the "father and mother" hills, then over those which are "grandfathers and grandmothers" (very high). There are no "child hills" up there.

At the top of a pass is a small village. Everyone living there is helping build a new hut for the chief of the regiou. The palm leaf thatch roof is supported by walls of poles. Women are climbing 431 up from the spring carrying gourds filled with water to moisten the brown clay which other women are bringing in small baskets from back of the new hut. More women and children and a few old men are beating the moist clay with small paddles to make a hard fioor. The chief and most of the men are talking and telling the women and children how to work.

A shout of welcome is given the missionary and his party as they come to a halt before the group. 1.;Vork ceases. Remarks are in order.

"He is thirsty. Someone go cut sugar cane!" says one. "Find a pineapple! 'White men like pineapples!" says another. "Are there no new eggs in this village f 'White men eat new eggs, not those upon which hens have set or which failed to hatch chickens. " "His men are dying of hunger. There are ripe bananas in the hut of Who-Will-Hear-Me!" "White men never get sick or die. '1'hat's becaus·e they are always eating eggs~ which are' strong medicine' against illness." ,'Look, he uses his left hand!"

"Why, all whites are left-handed! Yau are an ignorant person not to know that. That's why they are all so strong."

"He has a gun! 'White man, our own father, will you not sleep in this village tonighU And today you will kill the wild animals which destroy our gardens 1 If you refuse to do this, we shall sicken of hunger this year. There is a man here who knows where the 'meat' lives and hides in the daytime."

"Yes, yes, sleep with us this night. You'll surely kill an animal today. Our gardens and plantations will be saved!"

They continue to talk and say much more in regard to the wonderful gun and still more wonderful ability of the missionary as a hunter.

Finally it was settled that one of the carriers, who "knew hunting," was to remain behind. A man of the village, who "knew the things of animals and forests" would guide him. Then, after "words of God," the missionary went on some miles to where his people had a "town of God"-a school and chapel.

About a mile from the "town of God," pupils, who Were returning home from school, were met. One ran back fast as a deer to tell all along the path the neWs of the coming of Bango. Everyone along the way followed the latter. You'd think that he was a circus parade I When the missionary reached the" town of God," he first went to the Chief's hut to "do the things of politeness," according to the African code. Messengers went out in all directions to spread the news that" our Bango has come!" Then the missionary went to the

AFRICAN ICE CREAM

guest's hut at the school compound, which was at the other end of the village, to prepare the camp.

"Who'll g'et water from the spring? 'Who'll cut banana leaves 1" asked the head carrier.

"I will! I will!" yelled a dozen boys. "He has fish hooks! He'll give us fish hooks!" "Give me the pail! My mother has a water gourd, I'll get it!" "Where is a machete, I want to cut banana leaves!" Such is the talk. . While the camp was being prepared, with a mat of banana leaves, the people from all about had gathered. All watched the unpacking of the camp things. You should CARRYING A "FREEZER OF AFRICAN ICE CREAM" FOR A FEAST hear the yells as what looked like a bundle of sticks became a table! Another bundle of them makes a chair! A third bundle, a camp bed!

"Those whites, what skill God has put into their hearts!" "His men carry a whole village tied up in their loads!" "If I had a pot like that one, I would not need to buy a new one every time one of my clay pots falls down!" "I hope he will 'eat a can' (open a tin of something), so that I may get a thing for dipping water out of my jar!" "If he would only have an old shirt he despised and would throw it away! I'd have a new dress for Sunday." Our Africans think aloud. "Someone beat the drum. We'll enter the house of God so that I may find out who has been thinking of and learning the things of the followers of God," says the missionary. There is a rush to get the front seats; the people want to be as near as possible to their Sa'/t[Jo when he talks to them.

The sun has reached the place where one says that" it will go to bed before the evening meal bas been cooked." "You will all be here before the sun has gotten out of bed in the morningF' is the last thing the missionary says.

"And who is there that will not be awake and out before he can see his feeH" replies someone. All now leave to reach their villages by twilight.

Suddenly there is a shout and much very loud talking is heard. "What's up nowf Is there a spear :fight somewhere?" asks the missionary. Those who have not yet left rush towards the noise, to miss nothing. The yelling comes nearer. From out the bushes at the side of the guest hut, where goes the path, there come back the people who have just gone. And many more. It seems that everyone has gone crazy mad. "What is making (doing) 1" asks the missionary as he, bewildered, looks at the people, so fluiet only a few moments before. "A pig! A great wild hog! A boar! Your hunter and eight men are 'Carrying him in! Here he is, just look at his size!" So that is it. The African "Ice Cream" has come! For wild hog meat is the "ice cream" of the Basa. Boys and men have their arms around each other, dancing, jumping, yelling, mad with joy at the thought of that pig meat to eat. Girls and women are doing the same. Noone listens to anyone else. All talk. You never heard or saw the like! "My loin cloth! You are pulling it to pieces!" II My grass skirt!"

"Who ever saw such a hunter?" "I hope it is very, very fat! How I like fat meat!" IIIf my husband were a Ohristian, I could eat a piece. We poor women are deserving of pity. ·What the men like best is taboo for us."

"Look at his long tusks. If he had not been killed by that :first 1;hot. there would now be no hunter."

"Pity my brother! He cannot see this great sight. Vl11y is he not here~"

"Why will not Bango build his town here and live with usT Pig meat would be ours every day then." Thus they screamed.

The hog carriers had reached the space before the guest hut and put the pig down. The pole was pulled from under the skin. When the African carries a dead pig, he slits the very tough and thick hide of the back in four places. Thus he has two II straps" which cannot tear or break. Under these two "straps" he thrusts a long pole and off he walks.

While everyone was joy-mad and boar-meat-hungry, the missionary was not. He was mentally dividing that hog so that everyone legally entitled to some of the African "ice cream" could get

a taste. These were : the men who had carried in the hog from the forest. Native custom says thE'Y must get all of the neck. There was the chief of this place and the one from where the carriers came; the teacher and his family here and three others in villages some miles away; the men who provided the missionary's carriers with food and the women who oooked it; the influential members of the community; some guests staying with the chief-they must he made to feel that the chief is a great man, so great that the white man thinks even of his guests; fifty local school boys. No wonder the missionary was not dancing for joy with the others! .

, Now he walks over to where the "ice cream" is lying upon the ground and lifts his arm.

"Silence! Silence I Silence!. Sango is going to talk!"

In a minute you could hear a leaf fall. The laughing, excited faces have changed. Everyone was anxiously asking himself the terrible question he had not before thought of, "Am I going to get a piece ~ " Then the missionary cans one of his men, who is to be the hewer-up of the hog.

Banana leaves are laid down, the pig put on these and the hacking begins. Meanwhile a half dozen boys come running with their mother's wooden bowls to catch any blood which may come out. Not a "drop" of this "African ice cream" is to he wasted.

No one thinks of leaving. The evening cooking is forgotten. There is nothing in the world, for the moment, except those chunks of red meat. What if the machete does cut through the leaves, and' dirt gets on them! If a piece falls, there is only a lot of brown clay on it!

All crowd closer and closer, until the hacker can scarcely wield the machete. The comment and exclamations continue. At last the chunks are ready and the missionary is called to announce how the "ice cream" is to be divided. How tensely quiet all have become! "Am I going to taste it'" is the question on every shiny brown face.

The chiefs, teachers, carriers, all the rest, each one's portion is pointed out and handed over. The school boys must wait, for their portion is not yet made into morsels. More have come in. How small that piece seems for those sixty standing closely huddled and with mouths watering! The teacher has the unenviable task of dividing it into sixty equally large and desirahle bits. And he has never even heard of geometry! The boys form a squirming, wriggling, jabbering, gesticulating, loin-clothed mass, resemhling the dwellers in a disturbed ant heap. Eyes seem popping from their sockets and necks are stretched to the limit.

After a time, "now stand back and stand quietly, I'll call each one of you to come forward for his share," says the teacher. They try to obey-but each fears he may not get that precious tiny bit of pig meat and so all try to be at least second or third.

"My piece is all meat!" "Mine has some fat!" "Woe is me, there is bone in my bit!" "If there had been two pigs, then we could each have had a reaC piece!" "It is small, who'll deny this1 But today I taste meat for the first time in two moons!" "I am dying of meat hunger!" Many more such remarks follow fast. As they feel in their hearts, so they speak aloud. There is no more "ice cream" on the banana leaf; all have been "served." "What did Bango do first when he came to our village'" asks the teacher. "He first called on our chief," pipes someone. "Yes, that's what he did. And why' Because that belongs to the things of politeness. I bear shame in my heart because you have forgotten the things of politeness of the white man which I have taught you. Only two boys said to Bango, 'We are grateful.' And there are six tens of you!" Now a great shout goes up: "Oh Bango, our Bango, we are gratefull" And one added, "Bango, so great was our meat-hunger and so great our fear that we would not get any, that we forgot. Porgive your children, Bango. We are all your very own children." "Now go home to your huts and eat," were the teacher's words as he turned to enter his own. But-Brr! Whing! It looked like a football game with si.'{ty players. The boys had never lost sight of the leaves where the boar had been hacked up and as soon as the teacher had stepped back, there was a wild rush to that spot. You would have thought that for some unknown reason they had suddenly gone mad! For whaU For the dr:ops of "ice cream" which might have fallen as the machete cut the bone and meat, even though they might be mixed in with the earth and not half as big as the rubber on the end of a lead pencil. Nat one ., speck" of that precious meat could be left for ants to carry away during the night. The boys preferred to save the ants this work and 1.0 eat the crumbs themselves.

The day is over. As the missionary rises from his mat of banana leaves before the cot and pulls up the mosquito net to lie down to rest, he hears a knock on the wall of the guest hut-it has no door. "Who is there~" he asks. "I," replies a very scared and timid voice. "You? And who are you and what is it you aTe now wanting¥"

"A Sango, I want thus-I, I want to follow you and to go to live at your town. I am only a small school boy; I know nothing.

1925J 'l'HE HAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGUAGE

Rut I should like to live at your town where I could learn and where there is a gun and a hunter. I think that you would sometimes give me just a little, little piece of pig's meat. You will not refuse to let me go with you ~"

"In the morning we'll see about this thing you are asking, to learn what your mother says. Now you are to go and give God thanks for this day and sleep."

"I go, Bango." Then the missionary blew out his candle. There was no sleep until long after midnight in that community. All were too excited about the boar, the hunter, the meat. Yet at "the time the birds begin to talk"-earliest grey dawn-somebody was already beating the chapel drum to call the people to prayers. The missionary had already made bundles of his camping things and swallowed a meager breakfast. Young and old came from out the forest streaming into the chapel-()ver two hundred and fifty of them. Words of help, comfort and admonition were given. "Seek ye first the things of the Kingdom of God and hold to them. Wild boar is for today only, the things of God are for today, tomorrow and for all the days to come." Then with a farewell: "God help you until the day we again meet," the carriers picked up their loads and the missionary and his party started down the village street as the sun was rising. At the head of this party marched the proudest and happiest boy in all the Cameroons, he who had knocked at the wall .of the guest hut the night before. He was carrying the gun and was on his way to the town of the missionary, where he could get now and then some African "ice cream."

The Hausa People and Their Language BY REV. C. F. BEITZEL, BUNUNU, NORTHERN NIGERIA "THE A Missionary of the Sudan Inter:or Mission land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" describes the location and condition of the Hausas. These millions of people are spread over thousands of miles but of them the world has heard little. Only in recent years has Hausaland been opened to the world. The origin of the Hausas is enshrouded in mystery. They themselves can not agree on their beginning. One theory offered is that they came from Egypt. One writer tries to prove that they are related to the Bantu tribes of Central Africa by showing a similarity between a few words of their languages. But the words are few, and all their other characteristics deny the relation. The best founded theory and one that the Hausas support most strongly is that they came from the far E'ast

(beyond Mecca). Their slender forms, features, high foreheads and language testify strongly to this. Their language in form and articu- lation is akin to English, Spanish and somewhat to the German. It is free from the cliques of the Bantu and from the harsh, guttural sounds of the Yoruba and other West African tongues.

The name "Hausa" is applied to nearly all who have a good knowledge of the language which is the trade language of the greater part of the Sudan. The fact that millions of people in this great area speak Rausa may not mean much in Europe or America but it means much for Central Africa which is a Babel of tongues. What a blessing this language is in the midst of this confusion! What a vehicle to make Christ known! What the Greek language was in the days of Christ and as a means of evangelizing the whole known world this language is for the whole Sudan with its fifty millions of dark- ened souls. Here can be found hundreds of tribes numbering from 200 to 2,000 with entirely distinct languages and customs in no re- mote way even related to their neighbors. It would take hundreds of missionaries to enter all these distinct tribes. If there should be one new missionary occupying a community of 10,000 every day it would take ten years to reach the Sudan I But by using the Hausa tongue as a medium we can reach many different tribes because the Hausas are great traders and travelers and their settlemeuts may be found as far removed as Cairo, Tunis, Tripoli, Mecca, Lagos, and the Gold Coast. The English Government is also fostering the use of the Hausa tongue in its courts, schools, etc. It is easy to learn and is capable of extension by adding foreign terms-a difficult thing in most African languages. This is perhaps the only African lan- guage which has developed a literature of its own.

Many of the Hausas are still pagan, practising tree and serpent worship, but the great mass of them are nominally Moslem since the Moslem Fulahs who at first settled among them peaceably finally overran the great country from Timbuctoo to Bornu and introduced Islam into the Sudan about one hundred years ago.

The Hausas are much more difficult to convert to Christianity than the ordinary pagan since they are proud and make much of their superior intelligence. They love sinful pleasures which Islam permits and that religion gives them great influence in their trading with the Arabs and other North African tribes. .

The Hausas presen' one of the greatest challenges to Chris- tianity today, but their turning to Christ and His service would solve the problem of evangelizing Central and North Africa.

Some of their centers have now been entered and little groups of Hausa Christians are gathering at Lokoja, Zaria, Minna, and Kano. Zinder, far to the north on the border of the Sahara, has recently been opened.

Praise God for the" First fruits!"

Christianity Solve the Race Problem? *

BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, D.D., LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, PA.

W ITHIN the last few months four deeply significant books on the race problem have issued from the press. Their sig- nificance is partly due to the fact that they are the work of white men representing rather widely separated sections of their own race. The authors are respectively a Scotchman, an Englishman, an American citizen born and brought up in the north and another bred a southerner. Their earnest and, better still, their frank discussion of the issues involved proves how in many parts of the white world men are realizing clearly the seriousness of these questions, and are having deep heart searchings on the subject. In this respect works like these are but indications of a very widespread interest. Through our modern means of intercommunication races touch and jostle each other as never before. As a result never before have so many discussions appeared in book and magazine on the vital question of right race relationships. These discussions of the past year or two have been written from every possible standpoint, and show a wide divergence of views; but they all indicate the supreme importance of the problem.

But perhaps the chief characteristic that distinguishes these four works from the other literature on the subject is that they are written wholly from the Christian point of view. They seek to find a Christlike solution for the strained and taugled problem of interracial relations. They all realize that while we must bring to bear on the knotty points the most earnest thought and the best scientific methods, yet after all t.here can be no permanent solut.ion IDlless we apply to them the spirit and the principles of our Master; and that it is this Christian attitude of heart and mind that alone gives any hope in the difficult task.

It is interesting to note how the four authors stress the fact that this is a world problem. Even Mr. Weatherford, whos'e interest. is largely in the welfare of the Afro-American, devotes his first chapter the world-wide aspects of our local difficulties. He realizes that our experiences here in our own country are practically the same wherever men of different races meet and clash. 'fhis fact cuts both ways. It confronts the man who would preach peace and goodwill to the antagonistic groups in Asia, but who refuses to apply the same principles to our own vexed social relations. If Christ has a mes- • ChrlsUanlty and the Race Problem. J. H. Oldham, M.A. 265 pp. $2.25. New York. 1924 The Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. 169 pp. $1.25. New York. 1924. Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer. 428 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. Of One Blood. Robert E. Speer. A brief(~r study based upon the above for use by the Council of Women for Home Missions and Missionary Education Movement of the United Sta.tes and Canada. 254 pp. 50c and 75c. New York. 1924.

The Nel'ro from Africa to America. W. D. Weatherford. 487 pp. :&5.00. New York. 1924.

445

sage of love and human brotherhood to the inhabitants of Johannes- burg, Calcutta and Tokyo, he has the same message to the men and women of New York, Atlanta and San Francisco. On the other hand the far-reaching character of the problem may bring something of comfort to the white or colored brother who grows despondent over conditions here. It may help him to realize that ours is only a small sector of the battle line.

But if similar conditioIls face us everywhere, the fact goes to show how natural such situations arc. Weare to expect them, they are as old as history, they have developed in every part of our globe. They are an ever-recurring illustration of what we may well call the nasty spirit of man, whereby the "ins" always seek to exclude the "outs" from sharing in their privileges. Pride and contempt and jealous passion for supremacy meet, yes create, seething unrest, resentment and hate. This is human nature, but human nature at its worst; and it is all the sadder in our day because just such contacts and conflicts as these reveal how little the spirit of Christ has permeated our economic and social relations.

To one fact all the many writers, whatever their other differences, agree. It is the serim6sness of this world problem. The races are gathering in hostile camps. Are we drifting into a world conflict more terrible than any we have yet seen ~ The question is being raised not only by alarmists but by many of the best-informed conservative students of international affairs.

No one, for example, who is familiar with conditions here in America, can shut his eyes to the acuteness of our own special race problem. This is not due to the white man's invention of new forms of discrimination against the colored man, but rather to the changing attitude of the latter to everything that carries with it the brand of inferiority. Every phase of the bar sinister is resented more keenly with each passing year. This is the result of the growing intelligence and perfectly proper pride that comes with intelligence. The wounded self-esteem is not made callous by repeated rebuffs but becomes more sensitive. The educated and self-respecting Negro is therefore quick to imagine a slight when none is perhaps intended; nor can you wonder at it. If the waiter in the restaurant is slow and indifferent in his service, if the telephone girl is pert and saucy, if the clerk in the store is rude and unobliging, the first thought to rise in his mind is, "Would these people treat white folks in this way or is it just because I am colored?" Ji'rom many sad experiences he jumps to the conclusion that it is only another manifestation of the contempt in which he is held, and his spirit is rasped and irritated. If you blame him try to put yourself in his place.

This deepening resentment is reflected in the newspapers and magazines which are issuing in such numbers from the colored press. Frankly they do not make pleasant reading for the whites. Wrongs

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE R.kCE PROBLEM

and injustices perpetrated by the majority group are published abroad in head-lines; lynchings are set forth in all their horrid details; every new aggression by members of the dominant race the world over is commented on and the moral pointed. The stories so widely circulated of Negro "uppishness" and "insolence," although grossly exaggerated, owe what truth they have to this increasing self-consciousness and growing resentment of the colored man. All this we usually attribute to the work of agitators. Agitation may stimulate but it does not create the feeling of exasperation. Radicalism always thrives -where there are the most social wrongs. The colored man is not by nature a radical on any question; but if smarting under the sense of what he regards as injustice, he is ever driven into the ranks of the extreme socialists or into the arms of revolutionary demagogues, we shall have ourselves to thank.

But it is in the international field that this question assumes its gravest aspects. Hostility to the dominant race which is extending its political control to every remote corner of the world, and exploiting every weak or backward people, is growing apace. Not only do such Christian statesmen as Dr. Speer and Mr. Oldham raise the note of warning with no uncertain sound; but the uncompromising advocates of Nordic supremacy like Lothrop Stoddard and Madison Grant are equally emphatic in calling attention to it. Our neWspapers every day bring to us fresh illustrations of the truth, that all Asia from one end to the other, Africa., north, south, east and west, the islands of the sea, whether it be Haiti in the west or the Philippines in the east, are in a state of feverish uurest. To be sure, some of these peoples are demanding rights and privileges for which some think they are unfitted as yet; but whether wisely or foolishly the colored races of the world are making common cause against white aggression. – Can we escape the suicidal race war so dismally foretold by many a prophet of our times? Professor Williams of India and others like him are sure that we can. He tells us that "the impending struggle between the East and the W-est, foretold by many persons who cannot be classed as visionaries or fanatics, may be easily mitigated or entirely averted" by treating these other races with simple justice. And each of the four writers we are reviewing is of the same mind. Mr. Mathews assures us that all that we need is "team work," the same sort of cooperation that leads a man in soccer to pass the ball to his team mate rather than dribble it down the field by himself. In other words, if the Anglo Saxon would stop talking of the "white man's burden" and cooperate with the other races on the basis of a real brotherhood, many of the most acute causes of friction between them would be dissipated.

We must not, however, delude ourselves into the idea that such questions as these are easy of solution. Such cheap and superficial optimism can be attaiued only by shutting our eyes to the facts.

There are indeed two opposite extremes equally to be avoided. One of these is that race antagonism is "rooted in primitive instinct"; in other words, it is innate and ineradicable. If so there is no use beating our heads against a stone barrier; we shall only hurt ourselves and do no good. On the contrary, the facts seems to prove that racial prejudice is a complex of many instincts and mental attitudes. It is usually the result of economic and social competition and of fears that are born of that struggle. It it no more true of races than of competing nations and other social groups, only that in race intercourse physical dissimilarities add another element of friction. Color, or indeed any visible difference in form or feature, advertises the fact at the very first contact that the other ma1l belongs to what is regarded as a hostile or competitive group. One may for instance harbor an extreme prejudice against the Jews; but if one does not recognize the fact on meeting one, it is very possible to establish friendly relations with him; and wbenlater his despised nationality is discovered the chasm has already been largely bridged. Such an initial friendly approach to a Chinaman, Hindu or Negro is made impossible by the badge of their race which they mnst carry everywhere. It is this that makes the antipathy peculiarly sharp in cases of recognized physical differences. But there is nothing innate or insurmountable in the feeling. It is an inheritance from unfortunate experiences and relations in the past. Children as a rule do not possess it; they learn it from their elders, and therefore under proper conditions it can be unlearned.

On the other hand it would be just as unfortunate to approach the question with the notion that it is a simple one and the solution easy, It is in reality one of the most complex and baffling problems of our day. It has many ramifications, and the mere discussion of is arouses passions of the intensest order. Such feeling is justified by many in the name of science. The theory is held by some scientific students and received with eager approval in many quarters that the white man, especially if he is of the Nordic branch of the race, is by native ability and character the best in the world; that he is the creator and defender of our highest civilization and culture, and that therefore the maintenance and development of that civilization depend on the keeping of his blood pure from all taint of that of backward and inferior races, and on the securing for him the control of world affairs. For example, Prof. Josey in his book, "Race and National Solidarity," frankly holds that" a controlled exploitation of the backward races and the continued dominance of the white race will make for the greater good of man and will meet with the approval of God." If that be so, instead of seeking in the name of God to let down racial bars we must as servants of that God strive rather to keep the partitions between us intaCt; indeed we should raise them higher and make them more exclusive.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEM

This is dismal doctrine for the missionary and social worker. But fortunately it is not true.

In no part of the books before us is the discussion more satisfactory than in their treatment of this theory of the superiority of the white race. After a very thorough survey of all that has been said on both sides of the subject our authors have come to the decision reached by a growing number of sociologists (Boas, Goldenweiser, Lowie, Miller, etc.) that such claims in behalf of the white man are exaggerated and even unfounded. Races like individuals differ in qualities and abilities: no two of them are alike; and yet each of them has his own contribution to make to life. Mr. Oldham asks pertinently; "Is the winner of the Derby superior to the dray horse1 Is the engineer superior to the poet, or the scientific chemist to the captain of industry, or the prophet that stirs the conscience of the people, to the practical statesman who translates ideals into actual legislation?" God has made "of one blood" all the races of men, all are equally dear children of the Heavenly Father, and all are capable of climbing to the highest summit attainable by any of the sons of God. This is we believe the doctrine of God 's Word: and no physical measurements, nor psychological tests, nor present lack of achievement can shake our faith in that great and inspiring truth. Backward many of these peoples may seem to be, mere children in many ways; but circumstances can explain all that. It was not so many centuries ago that our German ancestors were in the rear guard of civilization. Through circumstances for which they can claim but little credit, they have advanced to the front rank. Others have not yet made the start or have temporarily dropped behind. An era of rapid progress may begin with them at any time. Already we see a startling speeding up of development in Asia. Who knows when some of these backward peoples may pass us in the race 1 Pride in our own achievements, and contempt for others are wholly unwarranted by the facts.

Space forbids the discussion of other complications "that make hard our task of establishing a real brotherhood between men of every color. 'I.'here is for instance the question of intermarriage. No phase of the subject excites greater heat. Even Christian men like Oldham and Speer do not see wholly eye to eye when they come to this problem. But whatever be the ultimate judgment upon this or any other difficulty in making our mutual adjustments, one principle we should adopt, and that is to choose whatever path is obviously just and Christlike, .no matter whither it may lead us.· The spirit of Christ will not alone solve any of the great world questio:p.s. The head must cooperate with the heart in ~very right solution. Scientific research and honest hard thinking are as important as love and Christian brotherliness. But the spirit of Christ aloriecan give the right approach. And, alas! it has been the iack of this 3

spirit that has so embittered our human relations. Nothing so blinds the judgment as pride and prejudice. We see this only too weU in the harsh and cfllel conclusions which once justified slavery in our own country and now equally support every form of racial aggres- sion and exploitation here and elsewhere.

We believe that already we are at the dawn of happier condi- tions. The frank discussion of these problems at the recent splendid missionary conference at Washington was both illuminating and re- freshing. Most emphatic was the demand, reiterated time and again from the platform, for justice and kindliness in our interracial and international relations. If Christianity cannot bring this about its mission will prove a failure; for men will have nothing to do with a religion that is handed down condescendingly to them from some supposed superior height of culture or virtue. In our own country there are many indications that the Christian conscience is being aroused' over our own race problem. Interracial committees are springing up everywhere throughout the South, in which earnest men and womfn of both races are striving to bring about a better understanding. At the Student Volunteer Convention in Indianapolis last year all such problems were seriously discussed by the young people. Some of the results of that convention are worth mentioning. On the way home from Indianapolis to Nashville, the delegates from the white institutions centering about the latter place went over in a body into the car occupied by the colored representatives from the district, to talk over frankly what could be done to make more Christian their relations to one another. Out of that discussion an intercollegiate interracial committee was organized which has been meeting regularly, and has developed a program that must seem radical to their elders. This last summer the young men's conference at Blue Ridge (white) sent a delegation to visit the colored men '8 conference at Kings Mountain, and later a return delegation from the latter went to Blue Ridge, where they were entertained in the dormitory of their hosts and in the common dining room. Recently a Bible study conference was held at Hampton, where delegatee. from practically every white and colored college in Virginia slept in the same building, and ate at the same table. A year ago such a gathering would have been regarded as impossible.

Now I would not have anyone think that these young people have solved any of the great problems at issue. But surely none of us can be blind to the fact that it is in just such frank friendly brotherly intercourse that not only our o"-"Il race questions but the larger world problems will lose much of that antagonism and ill-will which have made any settlement of them seem hitherto a hopeless task. Yes, Christianity can unravel this and every other tangled human relationship by creating the atmosphere in which alone all of earth's heated class and race problems can be solved.

Woman's Place in the

Enterprise * BY MRS. CHARLES KIRKLAND ROYS, NEW YORK l'oreign Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chmch, U. S. A.

I N considering woman's place in the missionary enterprise our thoug'ht may profitably center around four aspects of the subject. .

First: Is there for woman a peculiar driving power in the mis- sionary movement 1 Second: What has been woman's achievement in missionary effort in the past 7 Third: Are there elements of success in the past which should be conserved in future effort? Fourth: In the adequate Foreign Mission program of the Church, what place shall be assigned to women 7 That the missionary enterprise has from the beginning held a compelling interest for women is inevitable. 'Vho should throw themselves wholeheartedly into missions if not those who owe to Christ their very ability to espouse any cause f The peculiar driving power for women in the missionary effort lies in the determination to open up for others the life of freedom, service and endless possi- bility which Christ has given to them.

Consider also certain characteristics with which woman by na- ture is endowed: her protective, tender instincts which are aroused by accounts of suffering womanhood and unprivileged childhood- needs which only woman in her work for woman could meet; her adventuresome faith which is undaunted by distance or difficulty.

Columbus would have had a poor time with his proposed voyage of discovery, had he dealt solely with men. It was a woman who believed that it could be done. Think of woman's achievement in that far greater adventure of the discovery for other women of the fair land of fulness of life and freedom.

A brief historic perspective on the emergence of women into missionary activity reveals certain significant facts: Two months before Carey baptized his first convert in India, the "Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes" was organized, nniting Congre- gational and Baptist women. Twenty-five years before Perry's deet entered the harbor of Yeddo, and thirty years before the Protestant Episcopal Church sent its first pioneer missiona.ry to Japan, a group of women in Brookline, Massachusetts, organized, and met regularly to pray for Japan and to contribute to its evangelization. In New ~ address delivered at the Foreign Missions Convention. Washington. 451

England the early societies rejoiced in the name "l!'emale Cent So- cieties," and of these not a few have existed to celebrate their Jubilee. .

With what consternation the men of the Church watched these doings of the women, is an old story. Turning in desperation to his elders, one Michigan pastor implored them to see to it that an elder be designated to attend each meeting, lest the women be in- discreet enough to offer voluntary prayer. There was no telling what women might pray for if left to themselves! A Board Secre- tary is on record as having said to his associates, "I cannot recom- mend bringing the women into this work." Of all these men one courageous soul stands out who staunchly maintained in the face of the other men "the help of pious females must not be spurned."

The economic condition of our country in the early part of the ninetee~th century was such that money was difficult to obtain. Out- side the spheres of domestic service and dressmaking there were no opportunities for women to earn money. The contributions to the missionary society, therefore, came in small amounts, and repre- sented chiefly the profits from selling eggs or butter or rags. No more illuminating illustration of the value of small gifts from many sources can be found than is revealed in the activity of those inde- fatigable women who went from door to door gathering small sums for the cause. How eloquent are the records found in the Treasurer's books of that day! Consider that first legacy received by the American Board, which was given by one Sally Thomas, a domestic whose wages never went beyond half a dollar a week, but who left to that Board three hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty-three cents!

Or listen to this letter written to the Treasurer of the Amer- ican Board in 1813: "Bath, New Hampshire. August 17, 1813.

"Dear Sir: "Mr. – – – will deliver $177 into your hands. The items are as follows: From an obscure female who kept the money for many years for a proper opportunity to hestow it upon a religious object ……………………………. $100.00 From an aged woman in Barnet, Vermont, heing the avails of a small dairy the past year …………… 50.00 From the same, being the avails of two superfious gar- ments ……………………………………. 10.00 From the Cent Societ.y in this place being half their annual subscription …………………………. 11.00 From a woman in extreme indigence. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 . My own dona~ion, being the sum expended hitherto in . ardent spirits in my family, but now totally discon- tinued …………………………………… 5.00 Total •…..'.•……………..•…..•…….. $177.00."

WOMAN'S PLAOE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEID'RISE

In recording the gifts of women in these early days it is only fair to make note of the fact that much of the earnings of one at least of the Cent Societies was gained from making false bosoms for the shirts of the theological students in Princeton Seminary. The only pattern the good women of the society had was for a man weighing some two hundred and fifty pounds. In the record of mis- sionary self-sacrifice full credit should go to the poor young theolo- gians who suffered the inconvenience of ill-fitting collar bands, and who bought the false bosoms from the women of the missionary society!

Look through the record of gifts in those early days, and we find that the name of the woman donor is often suppressed, but the name of the transmitting pastor or elder is recorded in full, as for example, "From a female friend of missions per the Rev. John Thomas Green."

There is, therefore, revealed in woman's early missionary ac- tivity a remarkable, far-seeing faith; prevailing prayer; and conspicuous sel~-denial. Missions held a tremendous appeal for women.

Of zeal and devotion there was no lack, but there was sore need of organization and revision of methods. The Civil War called forth from the women of our land a service in hospital and barracks and home which developed, as no other experience could, an organizing ability hitherto unknown. At the close of the Civil War, women carried this newly acquired ability in cooperation and in systematized effort to the unorganized missionary endeavor. Women who formerly had been content to sit at one end of the family pew and watch their husbands at the other end putting into the collection box the family contribution to the work of the Church, had experienced during the war years the exhilaration of handling money by themselves. They now gave themselves to organizing the finances of their own missionary societies and Bo~rds. Those men who viewed with misgiving the activity of women in the beginning were not so stupid after all. Something had indeed been started!

The women of the Church were prepared by thirty years of prayer and effort for missions to respond at once to the appeal made in 1834 by an American missionary from China who urged them to organize and undertake the work in non-Christian lands which only women would carry. The denominational Boards stoutly resisted this dangerous innovation, and for thirty years or more prevented the organization of women's boards. The urge to organize these boards could not, however, permanently be held in check. Timid women who in small societies had been almost prostrated by the thought of reading aloud a portion of a missionary letter, were so inspired by the necessity of an organization of women to conduct work for women, that a perfect epidemic of woman's organizations soon occurred. In 1861 the Woman's Union Missionary Society in

New York, an interdenominational organization, came into being. Other organizations soon followed, and by 1900 nearly every leading denomination had a ·Woman's Board. Today there are over forty Women's Boards with a combined annual income of over six million dollars. There are an equal number of Woman's Boards of Home Missions with an annual income almost as great. The work of these Boards and the perfection of their organization is well known. The same genius which characterized woman's efforts in the realm of· temperance and suffrage has organized in volunteer service a mighty host of eager, intelligent, purposeful women in community, county, state and nation. No phase of missionary activity is so justly appraised at its full value. Men and women alike are sound in their clear appreciation of it.

Consider for a moment the tremendous range of achievement of the woman's missiona:ry societies: in practically all the non-Christian lands of the earth they hold property; rent buildings; recruit and educate thousands of evangelists, Sunday-school specialists, teachers, !.lditors, doctors and nurses; provide an educational system from kindergarten through college; maintain hospitals; staff nurses' training schools and medical colleges. In many languages they edit women's and childrens' magazines and publish books. The culmination of the efforts of women is found in the establishment of seven women's college!,!, founded by the ·Woman's Boards of Scotland, England, Canada and the United States. Eighteen Woman's Boards brought to this united effort many diverse methods of organization, but one great aim inspired them all-namely the purpose to train a Christian leadership for the women of the Orient. Three million dollars was recently raised in the United States for these colleges under the able leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. The colleges are growing, enlarging their equipment and capacity; but they are holding absolutely to the Chrilbtian purpose of their existence. They are Christian to the backbone.

Add to this achievement on the foreign field the conspicuous success of women in establishing the great system of missionary education in the home Church which now touches even the most remote corner of every state in the Union, and who can contemplate this accomplishment without asking, How is it done 1 Surely we can with profit ask, as we review the achievement of women, what has been the secret of the effectiveness of women in the past 1 I am confident that the men of the Church wish above all things to conserve the rich heritage of woman's service for missions. I am equally sure that no adequate missionary program can be carried on, unless certain features of woman's service in the past be counted among the dynamics of our missionary endeavor. Let me be very explicit.

Two facts underlie the conspicuous success of woman's work:

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTE:RPRISE

first, through long years of indefatigable effort the women of the Church have built up a system of communication from national Board headquarters down to the most remote individual church. This unbroken continuity of function has been accomplished in a brief half century. It is so effective in its working that, like Lincoln's rat hole, it will bear looking into! Ruthlessly to disrupt by any form of reorganization a system established by such incalculable effort and proved to be of such undeniable efficiency would be little short of madness.

The second secret of woman's success in the past is psychological. Women respond to a definite financial responsibility. They like to raise their own budget. They enjoy a dual relationship to missions as church members and as members of the woman's organization. Any missionary program for the Church which casts aside this wonderworking system of distinctive financial responsibility of women is doomed to failure. Possibly the remote future may hold a better plan but for the coming decade, I am convinced that no adequate missionary program can be built up by the Church which disregards these two aspects of th.e achievements of the past..

The logical masculine mind may not follow this form of argument, but it will be a sad day for missions if the women of the Church come to feel that any form of reorganization has taken from them their distinctive responsibility, and that their task as women is done.

In most denominations a new phase of the missionary program has been reached. In several communions an entire reorganization of the Church Boards has been effected which unites men and women on equal terms in board membership and on the staff of administrative officers. Women who in the past have shown an invincible spirit of entire consecration, and have done for the Church a monumental service without proper equipment, with inadequate salaries, and devoid of technical training, are now entering a new phase of activity, facing a wider opportunity in the work of missions. At this transitional stage, the Church may well give its best thought to the subjec~ of the partnership of men and women in this work.

There are certain attitudes in the Church at large and in Boards in particular, which will ensure success in our common effort; certain others spell unmistakable failure. I am no suffragist, but I cannot refrain from emphasizing certain perfectly clear elements in the situation in our churches today. Have we the courage to face all the far-reaching implications, and to make all the necessary readjustments which are involved in this partnership of men and women of which we so glibly speak1 A sense of mission inspired the women whose past achievements we today laud. Is the Church prepared to present to this generation of alert, capable young women a challenging, compelling task whose pull will be felt as much as the appeal from other fields of activity1 The Church must reckon with other avenues which are open to this generation of women. She must make

it very clear that she has work of such vital importance and of such far-reaching influence as to call for the fullest measure of service. She must show unmistakably that to do this work young women of the highest degree of training are needed who will in turn receive the same considerations in living conditions and salary which other occupations offer. Is the opportunity for missionary work in the Church today, both as administrative officers of the Church Boards and as volunteer workers in the capacity of board members and in the local church, act1tal or merely potential?

This is no theoretic matter. The Church at home and abroad must reckon with the awakened womanhood of the world. At one time we were perplexed by the modern movement among women. Now its direction and impulse are perfectly clear. The State thus far has been in advance of the Church in recognizing the changed situation. Is it not curious that this should be so, when from the Church came the first releasi.ng force to womanhood ?Whatever you may think of the modern movement among women, you must admit that the Church fostered it. I come to you with the deep conviction, born of my knowledge of young women and my experience in working with them, that the Kingdom of God is more nearly within the reach of the Church today than it ever was before, if only-if (Jnly, we can harness up to t.his missionary enterprise the boundless capacities, the trained energies, the fearlessness, the courage and the sincere desire to have a part. in the big business of thiR generation, which characterize the young women of today. If t.hus far the Church has failed to enlist them it is not wholly the fault of the young women; it is largely because the Church has not adequately presented its task..

In the East and in Europe young women are demanding freedom to live their highest life; to develop to the utmost the powers God has given them; to make their full contribution to the life of the world. The intelligent women of the Church have already turned to politics, business and international affairs. At the Institute of International Politics at Williamstown last summer, one third of the personnel was women. Are we offering young women an adequate opportunity to do a constructive work in the Church which will give scope for all their trained capabilities? Will the Church awaken in time to the fact that this new spirit of womanhood may become an instrument for the advancement of the kingdom of Him who chose women for his friends and shared with them His most profound spiritual truths'

Again let us be very explicit. We've talked in vague terms quite long enough. Printed reports and addresses without number theorize on this subject. We have come to the place today where we must face the fact that in working out an adequate missionary program for the Church, whatever share is assigned to women must be given her on the satisfactory and logical basis of ribility and capacity, and not on

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEiRPRISE

that of sex. I plead that woman be allowed to enter that natural relationship to which ,Jesus called her and which the early Church assigned her. If the future missionary program is to be carried through successfully, it must be done by men and women in a level partnership. We do not want a union which means merely diverting one of the separate streams into the channel of another. We want a union made necessary by the great task confronting the Church today which calls for something far greater than our past achievements if the non-Christian world is to be brought to Christ. Let us speak of union as though-to pursue the figure-the two separate streams had broken their banks and must now be guided into a broader, deeper channel of life-giving water.

In the home, in professions, in Church and in State, men and women are needing each other if the complete whole is to be attained. The work of neither alone is or can be wholly complete. Surely the task we are facing today is great enough to capture the imagination of men and women together. We need each other if our sympathies are to become broad enough, our courage high enough, our faith strong enough, our love deep and full enough to meet the requirement of the task in this day. We need as men and women a fresh discovery of the eternal and supreme obligation to give Christ to the world, which shall send us forth determined to stand together, each contributing his own best to the accomplishment of the enormous task to which God is calling our generation.

May God give us in this partnership a more inclusive view and a saner, broader judgment than either men or women could have working separately; and may He crown our united work with achievements and victories which could otherwise never come!

ONE GIRL'S INFLUENCE IN BRAZIL SOON after we took charge of the work in Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso, the girl who had been my mouthpiece in the Sunday school and the Girls' Club, and led the music in both, told me that she had been offered a place in her aunt's school in a near-by town. Her uncle was the chief man in the town, and his family had the entree into the best society.

There the girl, Haydee Machado, gathered around the piano on Sun- days the servants of the school, and a few of the boarders who liked the hymns. Gradually she told them stories from the Bible until before anyone was aware she had a Sunday school. The uncle's family began to read the Bible, and less and less t.o t.ake part in Sunday amusements. Later the teacher got permission to invite the missionaries. Rumors were afloat that their entrance in the city would not be permitted. However, nothing hap- pened to interfere, and the Gospe! was preached for the flrst time in that town.

The young woman's aunt became a professing Christian and thereby lost half of the pupils in her school. Two other members of her family also entered the fold and have become great influences for good. Every service held in the town has been well attended, and many Bibles and hymn books have been sold. A wealthy farmer has given a lot for the building of the church, when God shall open the way. MRS. EDWARD LANE.

Evangelism in

D R. A. G. FLETCHER of Korea writes of the results of hos- pital evangelism as practised in the Taiku (Presbyterian) hospital during the past two and a half years. The aim is (1) to preach the Gospel to every patient; (2) to win as many as possible to Christ; (3) to lead these converts to unite with a church, and (4) to lead each convert to witness to Christ among unbelieving neighbors. The method is (1) to organize the hospital staff into a. preaching society to care for the evangelistic work; (2) to send evangelists to the home of a hospital convert for one month and to seek, with the patient's help, to establish a church.

Three men evangelists and three Bible women are employed who work alterna.tely in pairs, one month in the hospital and the next in the country districts. The results have been very encouraging, both in winning converts and in establishing churches.

Each month a colporteur takes a number of letters from the hospital to patients in the country and on the way sells Bibles as his salary is paid by the Bible Society. The patients help by giving him an introduction to the villagers. They aim to establish one new group every month. During the past thirty months, they have es- tablished twenty-six churches. These churches have a total mem- bership of six hundred and twenty-five, and sixteen have their own church buildings.

Each evangelist is responsible for caring for his groups until turned over to a missionary pastor at the end of one year. At this time, each group must have: (1) A sufficient number of adherents to be able to pay its share of a helper's sala.ry; (2) officers capable of caring for its spiritual and material needs. The preaching society sends to the churches regularly letters of greeting and admonition. Members of the society go to the country and visit the groups when possible. In this way, the new Christians receive a touch of the joy of Christianity. Also each month the society mimeographs and sends out to each group a sermon prepared by the evangelist working in the hospital. This is to give spice to the attempts at sermons given by the new and often unexperienced leader selected from among the new Christians. Officers of new groups are urged to attend Bible institutes and Bible classes. The six evangelists and colporteur each make a report at the monthly meeting of the preaching society.

The preaching to patients within the walls of a hospital is not sufficient to win them to Christ in the majority of cases. Neither is it enough to follow them by post or in person. We must devise .a plan whereby the opposition and persecution of relatives and friends will be turned into sympathy and support. Sending evangelists to the non-Christian home town of hospital converts helps them to win the patient's relatives and friends for Christ.

458

Truth about the

A REVIEW, BY DR. HARRY FARMER, OF "THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEB." BY FRANK CHARLES LAUBACH, PH.D."

RECENT articles, under the general title of the "Isles of Fear," have appeared in the various papers throughout the country, evidently written to prove that the people of the Philippines ure not ready for their political independence. Dr. Laubach, a missionary of the American Board, could have had no knowledge of the newspaper arti('les, since his book was in press before they began to appear. Dr. Laubach's book deals with facts as he has seen them. At times he has some things to say which are not very complimentary to the Filipinos, but one cannot read the pages without concluding that they are a wonderful people and capable of high development.

Dr. Laubach came to the Philippines when missionary work was already well advanced, but he went to the Island of Mindanao which had been little cultivated up to that time. He was at the first station established by the American Board Mission at Davao, but later moved to the north coast and pushed the work in all directions, cooperating with the. Presbyterians, who sent down preachers from Negros, as well as many fine young men who graduated from the Silliman Institute in Dumaguete. Upon return from furlough in 1920, Dr. Laubach took up work in the Union Theological Seminary of Manila, and has become deeply interested in the student life of the Islands. He believes in the Filipinos, and feels the day is coming when they should have complete control of the country.

'''1'he People of the Philippines" is a religious book and presents the best history of Christian missions in the Philippines that has yet appeared. Everyone who has had anything to do with the wonderful development of the people and the Islands during the last quarter of a century will find it very interesting reading, even casual readers who care little or nothing for the Church.

The religious tendency is strong in the Filipino people, and is probably an inheritance from the Malay race. When the Spaniards came in 1521, the people were Mohammedans, and because of the attempt to convert the natives by force, Magellan and many of his followers were slain. Prior to the coming of the Moslem missionaries, there was intercourse with Indian customs and religious practices, and the people were also greatly influenced by visits from China. There was always a reaching out after God. This can be seen in the present practices of the pagan Igorots of northern Luzon, and those of the interior of Mindanao in the far south.

• Published by Doran, New York. 1924. 465 PP. $3.50 net.

459

With the coming of the Spaniards and their superior forces, the Malays were obliged to submit, though they were never completely conquered. In honor of King Philip, the Islands were called the Philippines. It was either baptism or the sword. The sword conquered, but the people always aspired for independence in all matters of thought, religion and politics. Dr. Laubach speaks charitably, yet plainly, concerning the almost 400 years of Spain and Romanism when the people were given a medireval civilization, with a fanaticism and superstition bred in ignorance. From one to three per cent only were given any form of education, and for the most part only those who could assist in matters of State and Church. One history states that in the last one hundred years of Spanish domination, there were twenty-one insurrections, the last one being so successful that the Government gave the leaders 800,000 pesos to leave the country. Leaders of the revolutions were killed and deported by the hundreds, and at one time 1,500 were shot on the Luneta. The last great murder was that of Jose Rizal" now called the Father of his country, who was shot at the instigation of. the Friars, because he would not recant and receive the absolution of the Church. It was well for the Catholic Church that America stood for religious liberty in the early days, for the people hated both Spain and Rome. The Spanish friars and priests were not safe outside of Manila.

A few years ago 3,000,000 people under a Filipino, Bishop Aglipay, organized an Independent Filipino Church,. based largely on the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, except confession and allegiance to the Pope. A large number of municipalities voted Rome out and the Independents in, turning over the large churches and converts to the Aglipayan priests. In due time, through processes of law, Rome regained these properties and the "Independientes" were forced to build bamboo churches. Attempts were made to use this new church organization largely for political purposes, and great theological difficulties have been encountered. Nevertheless, the Church, with possibly less numbers, is stronger than ever today, and is becoming more like the evangelical churches. The people will not submit to a foreign potentate like the Pope. They want both ecclesiastical and political independence. They love the United States and are grateful for the benevolent paternalism which has been exercised, but feel the time has come to give them entire independence, with such arrangements as will guarantee mutually happy and beneficial relationships.

Missionaries came in the early days of American occupation. In fact, some were to be found among the soldiers. Seven great denomiuations of the Evangelical Church were represented through their several Boards of Foreign Missions. The Protestant Episcopal Mission specialized on the Moslems and the wild tribes, while the other six Missions delimited the territory to avoid overlapping. The

1925J THE TRUTH ABOUT. THE PHILIPPINES

Evangelical Union is stronger than ever today, and has Filipino representatives in its membership. This fellowship makes possible a unity of action which promises a more speedy evangelization of the Islands. Many union institutions prove the fine spirit of cooperation, the centraf example being that of the Theological Seminary in Manila, which trains preachers for all churches. With Bible, hymn book, union periodicals and other Christian literature in common, there is great promise of one great Evangelical Church, manned and supported by the Filipinos.

This is a story to rejoice the heart of those who love to see the Gospel spread abroad in the earth. What trophies of Christ's power! Scores in the Christian ministry, and hundreds more found in all walks of life, teachers, lawyers, doctors, business men. The innate hospitality. and kindliness of the Filipino, tinctured by the Christ love, makes a visit to the Christian homes a joy long to be remembered. No mission field has developed so many self-supporting churches in so brief a period of time. It is not done without sacri- :fice, but it means the laying of a natural foundation which will support a strong Church of the future.

The Evangelical missions have had little need to establish schools, as this has been done by the Government. A few parish schools only have been opened, but a number of secondary schools, and only one high-grade institution-Silliman Institute. The students have been reached through the Christian dormitory, opened near the high schools, and at the University in Manila. Boys and girls have been gathered into these institutions, helped in their school work, and have been given an opportunity to :find their Lord and worship Him in spirit and in truth. The Sunday-school has had a wonderful development. The young people educated in English in the public schools have received through correspondence and in Bible institutes, traiJling in religious education, which has made them leaders in the Sunday-sehools, and in the Proyincial and National Sunday School Unions. This is a forward-looking enthusiastic institution, and will prove the bulwark of the Church.

The Roman Catholic Church has not been untouched by this Evangelical movement. American Jesuits and other American prelates have come to the Islands to take up the training of the Filipino youth and to introduce new methods. The effects are already seen in renovation of church buildings, introduction of pews, organization of Sunday-schools, young people's societies and other aetivities, which appeal to the youth of the land.

The author looks forward to the day when Filipino missionaries will go into all countries of the Far }i~ast and aid in the work of evangelization. Already they have gone to their countrymen in Hawaii, and some have begun work in Malaysia and Java.

Power of a Gospel

BY ABDUL-FADY (ARTHUR T_ UPSON), NILE MISSION PRESS, CAIRO A SCRAP of paper may be used to change the fortunes of a man, a nation, or even of the world. The Bible Societies issne single gospels or epistles, but the Nile Mission Press portionettes contain short, selected passages of Scripture on a special subject. A gift of $5,000 paid for no less than 1,200,000 portionettes, which included eighteen historical SUbjects, twelve doctrinal, seven on parables and miracles, one for Jews upon the Epistle to the Hebrews, and six on the Sermon on the Mount.

Some of these portionettes are given out by the broadcasting method, the object being to cover as much ground as possible in a short space of time. As an illustration, Mr. Porter of the Egypt General Mission, writes: ""'Ve left here early on Wednesday morning by road and on this trip we distributed 4,000 portionettes."

There is also the intensive method of dealing with individuals. Standing in a main thoroughfare, at the turning point for the licensed brothels, and right in a constant stream of traffic, a worker will hand to every passer-by-as fast as his fingers can move-a copy of a purity or a temperance tract, while the worker behind will hand him one of the Scripture portionettes. None are refused or torn.

Meanwhile a third worker is busy "buttonholing" those who have slipped past the first two pickets, and exhorts them to give up sin. Often we are able to give a clear message even amid the distressing sights, sounds and scenes. During four years from 1918 to 1922, not less than 80,000 young men have received these tracts from a single worker. Two such helpers-Gohar Effendi, an American Mission evangelist, and Sheikh Iskandar, a converted Moslem, baptized by the Church Missionary Society twenty years ago-distributed 15,000 leaflets and portionettes during the summer of 1923. As a result, hundreds of young men have been rescued.

The Nile Mission Press has also issued fifty varieties of colloquial porti@nettes in simple Arabic. The publications of the Press go to thirty lands, and hearty welcome comes from even the most barren of all lands-north and east of Arabia.

Arrangements have now been made to produce a large Arabic edition of some larger portionettes on Bible subjects. The selections are wisely made and give the reader a clear conception of the Biblical system of truth, creation, preservation, sin and redemption. On each page is a reading from the Scripture in large print, and at the top and bottom are related passages in smaller type.

Who shall estimate "The Power of a Gospel Portionette"~ 462

M….-B.-.-.-TH=eOcDu.Sas .@

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CROl'.'X, 728 M1!HLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS hand to make sure of good order. By R10V. H~:NRY MOEHLING Exactly at nino o'clock the bugle Pastor of Gethsemane Lutheran Church, sounds. Every door in the block is thrown open and out of the doors Philadelphia, Pa.

Philadelphia is a city of communi- come the boys and girls and the men ties with a community spirit. Some and women. Everyone gathers of the communities sub-divide them- around the stand_ A local clergyman selves into blocks, and organize for begins the day's festivities with the celebration of outstanding days: prayer, and makes a very short talk Christmas, Flag Day, Decoration Day about the importance of the day to and Fourth of July. the community. Old Glory is raised For all of these celebrations great high on the staff as everyone joins preparations are made, and a fine in singing" The Star Spangled Ban- spirit pirevaiIs- ner." As the string is pulled unfurl- In one block in West Philadelphia iug the flag hundreds of little flags in which there are thirty houses on float through the air becoming the each side of the street, the residents prize and pride of the c.rowd that is have formed an association to cele- constantly growing larger and larger.

brate the festival days of interest to Later a whistle sounds and the boys everyone. and girls know it is time for the con- On Christmas eve there is a block tests to begin. First come the four- Christmas tree with carolers from all year-olds with their Kiddie Kars, folthe home~ singing Christmas carols. lowed by other contests of various Flag Day and Decoration. Day are types with contestants of various ages.

gala occasions with special decora- At H: 30 A. lVI. a signal is given tions, and the Fourth of July celebra- and everybody goes home to lunch. tion is one of the greatest events of Since extra preparations were made the year. July third is a busy day. the day before lunches are over in a • Cooking is done in advance and all short time. At 12: 45 the band apthe preparations are made for the pears, and at one o'clock the overture coming holiday. The street is roped is played. Immediately the street is off, festooned and decorated with filled. Ponies and pony carts are on bunting, and lanterns. In the center hand and the children, with free of the block a large stand is erected tickets, enjoy an hour of joyous rides with seats for a twenty or thirty piece for the length of the block and back hand and a speaker's platform. Every again. In the meantime a ventrilofamily invites guests from "back quist is ready with his act and the home" or "up country," or from crowd around the stand is having its other sections of the city. Every share of entertainment. Various other member of the various families and features are introduced, differing all the guests receive a patriotic paper somewhat from year to year. Always hat, and for the children there is a a soloist of note adds to the real special gift of ice cream and candy. value of the program.

On the morning of the Fourth all By four o'clock the audience is is in readiness withjJ'olicemen on ready fur the speakers who have been 463

invited by the Committee on Arrange- Very naturally the pastor led the ments. After the speaking there is a conversation to his church on the cor- lull and evervone lmderstands that it ner. '1'he policeman told him that he is the "Do-what-you-Please" Hour. wa& a Jew, and thanking him for the Neighbors visit with neighbors, and a lemonade turned to go.

general friendliness fills the air, until "My wife and boy will be out this time to go home for the evening meal. afternoon," he called as he started At 6: 45 there is another bugle call, down the steps.

and "the block" reappears in the "Bring them around to see us,"

costumes of colonial days, represent- called the pastor cordially.

ing patriotic personages and events. Later on the policeman came back .A. line of parade is formed. Horses, with his wife and son. Jew and Gen- wagons, automobiles-any type of tile, they sat on the stone steps and conveyance that can be commandeered chatted pleasantly together. The . for service is on hand for what "the wife was a member of a Christian block" is pleased to call "The Best church, but the boy had never been Parade in West Philadelphia." to Sunday-school.

.A. schedule has been arranged with "My ooy must go to Sunday- other blocks that are having parades school," announced the father. "I so that each may visit the other, and want him to be in a Christian Sun- all have a vote in which parade is best. day-school. Would you accept him Prominent. speakers are introduced in yours'"

-senators, congressmen and others , 'Indeed we would," answered the who may be available-and their re- pastor. "We'll be glad to have him marks are greeted with enthusiastic as a member of our school and glad applause. to have you and your wife come with Eight-thirty arrives and the whole him."

block is bright with many-colored lan- One Sunday evening a few weeks terns, and the evening's program be- later a policeman slipped into the gins, planned especially for the young corner seat of the last pew in the folks. church. Unafraid in situations which At some time during the day prac- called for valor, he was timid when tically everyone in "the block" has he entered the door of a Christian been on the street. Opportunities for church. ·The cordial welcome he re- acquaintance and friendship are to ceived soon made him feel at home be found on every hand. and he came again and again.

On one of these Fourth of July One year went by. Another year • celebration days a pastor who lived in .was added to it. Then one day he "the block" sat on his porch. Since said to the pastor: early in the morning he had been mov- "Will you baptize me' I want to ing around through the crowd, renew- be a Christian." ing old acquaintances or making new "Indeed I will," answered the pasones. The bowl that had been filled with lemonade at the beginning of tor. "When will you be baptized'" the day was almost empty now. Many "'Whenever you wish," was the guests had stopped at the parsonage earnest answer. that day to greet the pastor and his wife. As the policeman on the beat Mter several months of special inpassed, the pastor called, "Won't you struction he was baptized. Two years have some cold lemonadeT" have passed. Every other Sunday night, when he is off duty, this faith- ful Christian Hebrew is in church, The policeman's eyes brightened at and his daily life and conversation the cordiality of the invitation and testify that. his Christianity is gen- the tinkle of the ice !tgainst the sides uine.

of the bowl. Between the sips of , Neighborly friendship will do much lemonade he talked with the pastor. . to win men and women to the Christ

BEST METHODS

who gave "as thyself" for the stand- as the Pitkin Class, is limited pracard by which we should measure our tically by the capacity of the room in love to our neighbor. which meetings are held. These classes, so far as attendance and ad- MOULDING THE PLASTIC AGE ministration are concerned, are self- By MURDOCK McLEOD governing, self-promoting, and self- In the Shadyside Church of Pitts- perpetuating groups, for they have burgh, of which Dr. Hugh Thompson been meeting now continuously for Kerr is pastor, there assembles every twelve years with unabated interest,. week for religious instruction and eager for the first meeting in the fall spiritual guidance two groups of stu- and reluctant to disband in the dents from the near-by universities spring. The sessions terminate about in two Bible classes which in some May 1st.

a respects are altogether unique. Every Piractically every class and every Thursday evening group of some department of these schools, and fifty or sixty students from Carnegie many religious denominations are Institute of Technology gathers about represented in these two groups. They the table for supper in a pleasant present a cross section of the student room in the church and spends an life of these two great universities.

hour facing and discussing the seri- While regular courses of Bihle ous and practical problems of religion study are conducted by Dr. Kerr as and life, and· the following Friday teacher, the students are allowed to from eighty to one hundred students submit in writing questions for dis- from the University of Pittsburgh cussion. On the day of my visit the meet for lunch in the same room for questions submitted covered a wide a similar purpose. The lunches served range of subjects, all the way from are free to the students, being the "double standard of morals," to financed by individuals and prepared the problems of predestination. Ques- and !';erved by the women of Dr. tions thm; submitted for discussion Kerr's church. must represent real problems or per- .A few days ago the writer had the plexities in the life or thought of those privilege of sitting as a visitor at a who present them. Nothing superfi- session of each of these classes, and cial or trivial, and no questions of was impressed, as anyone must be mere, idle curiosity are accepted.

who has a similar privilege, with sev- There is the utmost frankness in pre- eral unusual features. senting these questions and everyone Noting thc promptness and eager- so presented is considered seriously ness with which these young people and if possible answered with the assembled for this hour of social fel- same frankness and sincerity. There lowship and Bible study, it was quite is no attempt on the part of the natural to inquire what means or teacher to evade or substitute, or methods were employed to secure their merely moralize. Both teacher and attendance and how the attendance student are alike honest seekers after was kept up, every seat being filled. truth.

"The problem is not to keep up the These group gatherings partake of attendance, " replied the president of the nature of a Bible class, a forum the elass, "but to hold it down, that and a sort of confessional, for in this is, to keep it within the limits neces- atmosphere of sincerity and frankness sary for the best results." a mutual confidence between student The Thursday evening class, known and teacher prevails. The student as the "Toknon," fixes its own limit, feels that to this place he may come vacancies being filled by voting the with the problems that perplex him, applicant into membership in the assured of the utmost help.

class. The second, composed of Pitts- As a teacher of such groups of alert, burgh University students and known inquiring and open-minded students, 4

Dr. Kerr is peculiarly fitted. He has have not participated in the survey. a remarkable grasp of the funda- And each one thus taking part is to mental truths of the Christian reli- center petition upon a specific point. gion; understands the student mind Following out this plan closely, at and has those qualities of conviction, the last meeting a dozen different courage, tact and sympathy which people took part, and the entire prestudents admire in a teacher. He has lude did not occupy as much as fifa ready perception and appreciation teen minutes. 'rhus the main feature of the problem involved; a direct of the evening's program is given way of getting at the root of the mat- ample time, and variety is introduced ter; a most interesting and convinc- into the proceedings. ing way of revealing and applying the salient truths. He can make his Possibly a sample of the "reports" remarks pointed without wounding given may be suggestive. Take that and can differ without offending or of India: alienating. " A cable from ~elhi announces the When we think of the hundreds of passing of a resolution in the India young people, who during the past A.ssembly looking to a reduction of twelve years have passed through his opium use, and providing for a comclasses, found new light on the prob- mittee to examine into the Governlems of life, and a firmer footing of ment Opium Policy. In the discusfaith, we are sure that here is a man sion following the introduction of the who is doing much to mould aright a resolution, Sir Basil Blackett, Finance part at least, of the plastic age. Member, announced the government policy as aiming at a maximum of A "SWIFT SURVEY" revenue with a minimum output of opium, declaring that India has done By DAVID MCCONAUGHY more than any other country to re- duce the use of opium, and that at Uppel' Montclair, N. J. heavy loss of revenue. But it will not be forgotten that when the Amer- The Monthly Missionary Meeting ican delegates withdrew f.rom the Inof the Presbyterian Church of Upper ternational Opium Conference at Montclair, :t'j.. .J., regularly features, Geneva a few months ago, it was by way of prelude, a Swift Survey of mainly beeause the English repreworld events. Each of the seven sentative of the India Government remembers of the Missionary Commit- jected the proposal to prohibit the tee is assigned a segment of the circle production of opium except for meof the world-field as follows: dicinal purposes, and it is worthy of note that when this subject came up Our Home Land China in the India Assembly the principal Latin America India speech was made by a Christian, Dr. Africa Japan ·Chosen S. K. Datta, a speech which Sir Moslem World Basil himself described as ' a moderate The understanding is that the swift and sincere exposition of the tempersurvey will be kept "swift" in fact ance view of the suhject.' In contrast as well as in name. Each one is con- to it was the appeal made by Mr. fined to one minute, at the close of COsgrove, an English o:f6;cial, on bewhich, if necessary, the leader rises half of the coolies of Assam, who, he as a silent signal that the time is up. said, found a moderate use of opium It is not expected that anyone will a preventative of the evil effects of make a speech, but simply report a hard work and illness! Mr. McAllum, fact within the compass of a night another English official, defended the letter. The fact in each case is to be Burmah Government and ridiculed selected with special reference to call- some of the statistics cited, as not ing forth prayer, and when the cycle taking into account the consumption of reports has been completed, at once a season of prayer follows, in which those are asked to take part who

of opium by elephants, who he said, in the programs, supplemented by attake it in large doses!" tractive invitations to genuine friend- liness, since all are now in America. FROM ALL NATIONS, BUT The venture has now passed the ex- perimental stage and is proving its AMERICANS ALL worth in the increasing sociability of the women who attend. MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD The programs are varied from One of the l1W..t hopeful (woo'1r1>plishments month to month, the foreign women alrmg the 'cay of ilnter-racial friendship I1/l!d themselves furnishing the entertain- 'unilerstanding is being wrought out in New ment. One foreign group will be the York City by a {!roup of wom6'1'll in a month- reception committee, welcoming the ly Friendly Meeting. Mrs. Goodchild tells arrivals at the doors. Another group of the programs in a way thM will be sug- will serve the ;refreshments, taking gestive to other women who may Wl1/l!t to particular delight in offering some try the plan in other cities. national dainty as a surprise. The meeting opens with two or three Racial antipathy is one of the prim- popular hymns, one or two verses of itive instincts of humanity and yields each, sung without books, and often but slowly to the pacifying influence in several different languages, since of either civilization or culture. Even the older women may not understand followers of the Christian religion English. The Scripture is read by must battle long and hard against this one group in concert, and prayer is elemental dislike of one race for an- offered by a member of some other other. This aloofness may pass mus- race. The program continues from ter in countries where the foreign eight until nine and the next hour is population is small or isolated, but in devoted to games and refreshments. America, where the long-time citizen The games are of the variety to inis but a few generations removed from clude all. One evening picture postbeing himself a foreigner, and where cards of places in New York were cut he must perforce rub elbows with the into two irregular parts and distriblatest arrivals from. the ends of the uted, and the company became sucearth, a laissez-faire attitude is im- cessfully mixed in matching their possihle for either comfort or safety. Especially in Christian communities cards. or organizations, the hostile attitude should be broken down by the con- In F'ebruary the program took the vincing demonstration of some com- form of a Hero Night. One member mon interest. of each foreign congregation wrote on the blackboard the name of her Since women are notably the con- country's greatest hero and told the servatives of the world, yielding more reason :fo,r the choice, then the whole readily to prejudice because of the group sang a verse of their national narrow confines of domesticity, they anthem. Presently the names o:f are morc liable to the petty offenses twelve natable heroes were on the of racial antagonisms, and even board, and some of the women were though the Halian man may develop quite eloquent in their praises of a tolerable friendship for the Czecho- their countrymen. Garibaldi, Con- Slovak who works beside him, their fucins, Tolstoy, Booker Washington, wives are apt to pass each other with and Luther were all written there. a stony stare even in the church build- Then Washington and Lincoln were ing where both races hold their meet- added, with a word about their great ings. service to our country, and small pictures of these two patriots were In New York City an effort is be- distributed. A talk followed about ing made to associate the women of the "Name that is above every some of the foreign-speaking churches name, " and high oyer all the names in a monthly Friendly Meeting, and adopting the principle of Dr. Hahnemann that "Like cures like," liberal doses of nationality a,re administered

on the board was hung a card with patience, the utilization of every the name of Jesus Christ in illumi- amusement that is common to woman- nated letters, while the audience sang, kind, and a refusal to be defeated by "Take the Name of Jesus With You." occasional discouragement-these are Tiny American flags were given out all the equipment required to realize and held aloft while all sang, the same results in any town of for- "Our fatl18rs' God to Thee, eign populations.

Author of liberty, 'To Thee we sing." HOW A CHURCH CAN HELP A lively game of geography fin- ABOLISH WAR ished the evening. The star field of By DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK a 'large American flag was covered Every church in America should with plain blue muslin and forty- have a real share in the Christian eight white paper stars were given crusade to abolish war if it desires to out. Those holding the stars came do its full part in establishing the up and pinned them in plac.e, each Kingdom of God. There are several naming from memory a state of the things which every church, large or Union, and so re-making the field of small, can do. the states. Pro-mptly at ten o'clock there is always a great handshaking 1. Observe Armistice Day, Novemas we sing, "Good-night ladies, we're ber 11th, or Armistice Sunday by going to leave you now. " some appropriate service, and also provide in the Sunday-school, at least A "Grown-Up Kindergarten" twice a year, on the Sundays nearest proved a fascinating evening, the May 18th and Novemher 11th, an women sitting obediently on the tiny exercise or lesson on the abolition of chairs and going through the daily war and the way to achieve and mainkindergarten program, the talk be- tain permanent world peace. May ing, "How maya New York woman 18th, formerly .known as "Hague know that spring is coming." The Day" in commemoration of the first regular kindergarten games followed, Hague Conference (1899), since the skipping and Goosey Gander and all war is being observed as "Interthe rest, then refreshments of cocoa national Goodwill Day." and alphabet crackers, and every woman colored and cut out and 2. Promote the use of study courses pasted into form a life-size bluebird on World Justice and Peace by each to take home for happiness. of the groups and classes of young people and adults as a part of the Easter offered opportunity for an regular program during the year '8 "Egg Exchange" and a talk on "The activities. Four or five courses for legends of Easter, rabbits, eggs, study classes are now available and chickens and other Easter toys." at least two others are in course of Each woman brought a c.olored egg with her n am e and nationality preparation. scratched on it. These were collected 3. Establish a Peace Workers' and then redistributed so that no Library for the use of church memone should have her own. Then the bers and definitely encourage its use. leader called the name on the egg One or two dozen volumes would proshe had, and that woman stood up. vide the church a very good variety In turn she called the name on the and enable the readers to secure a egg she held until every woman in well-balanced view of the prohlems of the room was standing. They all war and peace.

took home their eggs, each with the 4. Adopt some declaration of faith name of a new friend. and purpose to work for a warless After all there is nothing remark- world. The" International Ideals"

able in the event. Sympathy, friend- of the churches might serve as a liness, careful preparation, infinite model or be adopted as it stands.

19'25] BEST METHODS

Interna.tional Ideals of the Churches should see that the entire membership of the church is informed and in- of Christ in America spired.

I. We believe that nations no less A Concrete Case than individuals are subject to God'8 immutable moral laws. The Broadway Tabernacle Church of New York City has already done II. We believe that nations achieve four of these five things, and is in true welfare, greatness and honor process of taking the fifth step, numonly through just dealing and unsel- ber four of the abo'Ve list. fish service. Its "Council 0 n International III. We believe that nations that Goodwill" consists of two representaregard themselves as Christian have tives each of the Church Committee, special international obligations. t.he Sunday-school, the Women's Missionary Society, the Young Men's IV. We believe that the spirit of Club and the Christian Endeavor So- Christian brotherliness can remove ciety. The Council meets when every unjust barrier of trade, color, called by the Chairman. The Comcreed and race. mittee on Literature has established an unusually fine collection of books V. We believe that Christian pa- for Peace Workers. The Council triotism demands the practice of printed a special flier on the World goodwill between nations. Court qucstion, which was distributed through the pews one Sunday morn- VI. We believe that international ing in January, 1925. All the groups policies should secure equal justice cooperated in securing signatures for all races. from church members to a petition to the Senate on the World Court ques- VII. We believe that all nations tion. A special committee of the should associate themselves perma- Council presented the World Court nently for world peace and goodwill. question to the New York City Federation of Churches, with a view VIII. We believe in international to having the matter acted on by all law, and in the universal use of in- the churches of New York. The ternational courts of justice and Council is preparing plans for observboards of arbitration. ing Goodwill Day in the Sunday- school. IX. We believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all nations. When fifty thousand churches follow this splendid example, the X. We believe in a warless world, Crusade for a Warless World will be and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- well on its way. ment. Churches or individuals desiring 5. Establish a Church Committee further information on this Crusade or Council on International Goodwill for a Warless World may write to to serve as the visible expression of the Federal Council of the Churches the interest of the church in world of Christ in America, 105 East 22d peace, to carry forward the various Street, New York City. peace activities of the church, and to cooperate with other churches in com- "That life is most worth living whose munity enterprises and programs in the establishment of a Christian work is most worth while." world order. "If we have not enough in 'our religion This committee, in the Case of a small church, might consist of only to drive us to share it with all the world, two persons besides the pastor. But it is doomod h~,re at home." every church should lay upon some two or three members the responsibil- "Other people arc talking brotherhood; ity of keeping in touch with other churches in this matter, so that it will the missionary is exemplifying it." be ready to do its part when the time for action comes. The committee

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmxLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY FARM AND CANNERY MIGRANTS came interested and in some cases at- By MARY EDITH P. OLIVER, tended evening classes and shared in Q.haitrman of the Committee the recreation. Bible stories were Another year of service among dramatized, verses learned and gos- Farm and Cannery Migrants has pels of Mark given to the children. demonstrated the immediate and vital They loved "the little red books." need of this work, and the successful One of the favorite verses was John 3: 16, and the hymns most often called program carried out wherever we for were" Jesus Loves the Little Chil- have had our stations has convinced dren of the World" and "Beneath the Committee that a practical solu- the Cross of Jesus." One little boy tion of the problem has been found. when asked the meaning of the phrase, The Women's Home Mission Boards "in the burning- of the noon-tide heat, "

of twelve denominations have coop- said," Oh! yes, that means being nice erated: Baptist, Christian, Congre- and good when it's hot and we're gational, Evangelical, Free Methodist, down in the fields. picking beans.!" Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, U. S. A., United Presbyterian, Prot- Undernourished children weI' e estant Episcopal, Reformed in Amer- given special attention; first aid was iea, Reformed, U. 8., United Breth- a daily occurrence, not only for the ren, the budget now beiug $10,000. children, but for the older boys, girls Under the able leadership of the and parents at work in the canneries.

Executive Supervisor, Miss Laura H. Children were taken to the hospital Parker, the eastern stations have in- by our workers when their mothers eluded two at Bel Air, Maryland, one could not leave their work.

each at Riverton, New Jersey, Stew- The daily program included day artstown, Pennsylvania, and Hurlock, nursery, playground work, les'Sons in Maryland, among Poles, Lithuanians, Am e I' i can citizenship, sanitation, Italians and Negroes. 'fhe program home making and Christian living, has covered varying periods of from with Bible stories and prayer.

four to eight weeks according to local At Stewartstown the handwork of conditions and needs. The coopera- the children merited the award of tion of managers of eastern canneries, first prize at the County Fair.

and their expressed appreciation, has The activities of the Supervisor been helpful and encouraging. have included in part, the selection As heretofore, most of the workers of the workers, supervision of the at the stations were college girls who eastern stations and, through corre- responded to this opportunity for spondence, those in the West, present- service. The applicants were so un- ing the need and the program to usually well prepared that it was dif- college groups, 10 c a I federations, ficult to choose. The personnel at each women's and young people '8 mission- station was, therefore, remarkably fine, ary societies, women's clubs and and under the guidance of these leaders schools of missions. The use of the most satisfactory progress was made. stereopticon lecture has been helpful The central theme chosen was The and effective, the two sets being much Home in Relation to Health, Educa- in demand.

Hon and Religion. Not only did the Many of the committee members children respond wonderfully to this have contributed generously of their broad program, but their mothers be- time in the interest of publicity, nn- 470 merous addresses haviNg been made Don Nunamaker Ranch in Hood by them. The Committee on Student River County financed jointly by sev- Work has cooperated in the presenta- eral apple growers, the parents of the tion of the program to various col- children enrolled and the Committee leges and schools. on Farm and Cannery Migrants.

"The Kingdom of Love," a pag- After weighing applications from eant written for the Committee by more than thirty cities and counties Ruth Mougey Worrell was most suc- in the eleven Pacific coa.t and Rocky cessfully given at the Northfield In- Mountain states, the Cc;mmonwealth terdenominational Hom eMission Fund has chosen Marion County, Ore- Conference in July, 1924. gon, of which Salem is the County < seat, for a Child Health Demonstra- The latest development has been in tion, thus proving the pressing need the Northwest, where at the request of that' district. The population is of an interdenominational group of estimated at 55,000, 90% Americanwomen, under the immediate super- born. It is essentially rural, Salem "ision of Miss Louise F. Shields work having a population of 25,000. The has been begun in Salem among the varied crops-berries, nuts, hops, flax hop pickers and among the apple har- -and the developing dairying and vesters in the Hood River Valley, canning interests indicate a great Oregon. It is estimated that there variety of resources as well as probare 50,000 migratory workers in that lems incident to a chronic migratory section during the summer and fall, labor population. .As aptly expressed many Americans, some Orientals. by Miss Shields, it is "salvaging bruised and broken lives for the Miss Shields, who is also secretary Kingdom of God." of the Seasonal Employment Commission of Oregon had made a survey Taking into consideration the army in 1923, following a trip in 1922 to a of migratory children in California, estimated at from five to ten thousand, large hop ranch which convinced her many of whom "as fast as Nature of the need of work. At this ranch turns the cycle pick the crops"; the she had persuaded the owner to put young people in the Alaskan canon a program of health and recrea- neries, the children in the beet fields tion. As our representative during of Colorado and Michigan and in the the season of 1924 she has been" sell- onion marshes of Ohio-aU of whom ing the idea" to various ranch owners need just this type of Christian social and paving the way for a much larger service-it is the hope of the Commitprogram another year. Many of the tee that increased resources will make children in the West, as in the East, possible the development of the work are under-nourished and are suffering wherever migratory families can be from serious physical handicaps. reached.

It is gratifying to know that a be- A social worker in a large organiginning has been made in Oregon ~ation writes of this Farm and Canalong the line of citizensnip training. nery service, "It is the soundest piece Through the Oregon Superintendent of Americanization work it has been of Public Instruction it was found my gratification to see." that many of the children do not attend school because the parents want Mary E. McDowell, Commissioner their earnings, or because they feel of Public WeHare in the city of Chiunable to buy suitable clothing or cago, reminds us that "in the playbooks, or because their period of resi- time of their lives, over one million dence is too short in any community children are working for wages in this to make it worth while. Two schools 'land of the brave and the home of were maintained at the Horst ranch the free.' These children are from in Polk County during the hop har- ten to fourteen years of age, and don't vest with all expenses paid by the forget tbat they are the seed corn of ranch manage!llent, and one at· the

the nation's future and the fruit of its for use and a bibliography are to be past. The child who goes to the wage- inclUded in the chapters.

earning world before his playtime of It will be about 128 pages and will life is over is cheated of his God-given be published for the Federation ana rights. The weary child is apt to be Council by the Central Committee or.

weak physically, and is generally the the United Study of Foreign Mission!>.

bitter-sour man that is quarrelsome All orders should be sent to MiSb and cannot think straight. The over- M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mash.

worked girls cannot be the strong. The price will probably be 30 cents b mothers of vigorous children. It is single copy, 25 cents in lots of ten..

an awful thing for any country to make her children weary-worn. You, THE BLIND as patriotic Americans, will demand Items from the report or the Committee or the Home Missions Council a.nd Council of that every child, black or white, for- eign-born or American-born, shall Women for Home Missions. Irene Ha.islip. Ohairman. have a right to play and work under conditions that give the spiritual life The National Committee for the a chance to develop, for we must never Prevention of Blindness has reported forget that over a million and a half that from 1910 to 1920 there has been of wage-p,arning children in our great a decrease of 5,000 blind because of . prompt treatment and precautionary country are children of God and measures taken by public health orfuture governors of our Republic." ganizations and by school officials.

ON EARTH, PEACE Over against this, this same Com- mittee has announced that from Sep- The Conference on the Cause and tember, 1923, to September, 1924, Cure of War recommended that each 4,456 men, women and children have of the participating organizations been partially or totally blinded plan a program to· make effective the through accidents. findings of that Conference. A booklet on peace suitable for forum use by Once a year a play is given at one summer conferences and schools of of the theatref< in New York City for missions, as well as groups next the blind; 1,150 blind attended the winter, has been decided to be one of performance last fall. the best methods for the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Several non-sectarian organi2;ations and the Council of Women for Home which are interested in the blind are Missions. making an cffort to place a radio set in the home of every blind person in On Earth, Peace is to be the title this country. of this booklet which is to contain six chapters as follow: "Is War Consis- A committee appointed by the Mistent with the Christian Way of Life" souri Commission for the Blind is inby Miss Rhoda McCulloch, "The In- yestigating two-side Braille printing terracial Situation in America" by and hopes in a year to perfect plans }irs. D. E. Waid, "Christianizing for such printing in this country. International Relations" by Miss Margaret E. Burton, "Discussion of The Sunday-School Board of the Causes of War" by Mrs. E. H. Silver- Southern Baptist Convention, having thorn, "Discussion of Cures of War" become interested in the blind, has ap- pointed a Field Secretary and appro- priated $20,000 for this work.

by Mrs. John Ferguson, "The Definite The National Council of the Protes- Task of Church W om,en» by Mrs. tant Episcopal Church has a great Henry W. Peabody, and appendix work for the blind and this past year containing text of the League of Na- has had embossed 100 grand old tions Protocol, Worlc. Court and the hymns, besides a booklet, a calendar Findings of the Conference on the and a Christmas card for 150 of its Cause and Cure of War. Suggestions blind constituency.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAOLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ISOLATIONISTS OR COOPERATORS bilities voluntarily assumed by the great body of missionary women in For all our generosity and good will our churches, of the splendid service we tend to be in one sense at least, that has been and is being rendered by a nation of isolationists. Asia, Africa, these millions of women _ volunteer ]<Jurope and Latin America are very and employed workers, serving on far away from our daily lives and Boards and Committees, serving as thinking. Most of us are so engrossed officers and as lay workers, giving in our own affairs that the great time energy, strength, ability, money, changes taking place and the prob- pra;er, a great host, doing a maa~gncoifni– lems stirring in the lives of these, to cent piece of work. And, yet I us far distant people, have little if vinced that our Master s word IS not any place in our concern. Many of being entirely fulfilled. That a us even in our good deeds, our gener- greater work than this can we do if ous alleviation of suffering, our altru- we are ready to meet certain condi- istic missionary impulses and en- tions. We must cease being isolationdeavor tend 'to meet these situations ists and become true cooperators. But without perspective and rather senti- how can this be done? What are these mentally and subjectively. We hear conditions?

the appeal or know the need as a more I heard Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin or less isolated fact and do not see, or speak here in New York a few days we disregard, the ocean of cause a~d effect flowing and eddying around It. ago. In tracing the development of missions he said that in the 18th Cen- We think of the "suffering orphan" tury the responsibility for foreign m~s­ or the "needy heathen" and our sions seemed to rest on Germany, III hearts and purse strings are touched the 19th century that responsibility and loosened. had shifted to Great Britain, but that But we must have more than gener- in the 20th century the largest part ous impulses'and even more than their of that responsibility had unquestion- equally generous responses, if there is ably fallen upon North America:-the to be such a thing as a Christian Amer- United States and Canada. ThIS beica sharing her opportunities and gifts ing so, what an overwhelming r~spon­ with the rest of the world. sibility is ours! How are we gOIllg to We muSt get a true perspective, meet it? In disputes over woman'8 come to understand relationships and place in the Church, in controversy, in approach the situation, not merely: as multiplying organizations Y None of benefactors, but as intelligent Chris- these will fit U8 to meet that grave retians. We must study the wholeness sponsibility, though some may be con- of the situation and come to see clearly ,cinced that we and the Church as a that the present missionary enterpr~se is tied up with many and complex lU- whole could together meet it better if terrelationships which we must under- women were given recognition in the ecclesiastical organization of the stand and learn: how to meet if we are Church and in the making of its to do with God, the great piece of policies.

work He unquestionably expects us to Let me suggest some practical ways do. which we can put into operation im- I am thinking particularly of our mediately to develop cooperation with Women's Mission Boards and De- the plan of God to meet the needs of partments, of the special responsi- the world.

473

First, let me suggest that we need a of the Gospel of Peace as taught b), much more intelligent knowledge than the missionaries from the West. Can most of ns now possess, of the whole you 1 situation of the missionary enterprise. We are only beginning to realiz(l The missionary information of the that the world and its peoples are average person is mainly some isolated rapidly being bound together in one and rather vague facts about what her bundle of life through the annihila- own deuomination is doing in certain tion of space by means of steam.

countries, but as to the status or prog- electricity, radio, air craft; by edu· ress of missions as a whole, Oil' the cation and the printed page; by dip.

problems which are seriously compli- lomatic and political relationships.

cating the situation of our missionary We are coming very slowly to this enterprise in foreign lands she knows world consciousness. It has been said but little. that the 19th century made the world Some of those problems are grow- a neighborhood, but it remains for the ing out of political and diplomatic re- 20th century to make of that world a lationships of America with the lands brotherhood. We have thought and in which our missionary work is being talked about the theory of a Christian developed; some serious complications world citizenship but the practice has are arising from the new and rapid been found too difficult to be put into industrialization of the Far East; operation to any large extent.

others from the rapid development of How many of us are studying the a strong nationalistic sentiment, great cultures of the world so that our coupled with the desire for self-de- fraternity shall lie a critical and sym- termination, which is expressing itself pathetic nnderstanding and not a also in a natural desire for control in vague undisciplined mood of gener- the National Christian Church and in osity toward unknown peoples? How mission activities and po-licies. The many of us have tried to learn what growth of westernized, scientific edu- life means to the varied racial groups cation and the fact that the East has of the world, or what is implied in the come to know that much of Western personal experience or of the search- civilization and practices is often more ing after God in the world's religions'

pagan than Christian, have added still How many of us understand the na- more complications. A Chinese stu- tional ambitions, the traditions, the dent in the United States in response history of every great and significant to an appeal to become a Christian, racial group 1 said, "Christianity is theoretically the This last question leads us to realideal religion with the most exalted ize the interdependence of interna- ethics. but as I have observed it in tional and interracial factors. We of America, it doesn't work." As Mr. the Anglo-Saxon race have been ac- Chesterton has said, "Christianity cused, and, I fear justly, of what is has not been tried and found to be a termed a "Nordic Complex." The failure, it has been found difficult and conviction of the superiority of the so not tried. " This explains much of Nordic; the white races, is so in- the lack of Christian practice and liv- trenched in our minds and we are so ing in the world today. The peoples equally sure of the inferiority of all of the East are also saying that it is colored. races that we need to make a the West which has taught them the eareful study, such as was offered us art of modern warfare, that might during this past year on "The Way makes right and that the amount of of Christ in Racc Relations." I am influence a nation has in international wondering how many of us took this affairs is conditioned upon the opportunity to think this grave and strength of its armies and navies. serious question through. trying really This they cannot reconcile with the to find "Christ '8 Way." The time principles of Christianity, the message haiS come when we can no longer go

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to these peoples of the East with their secure cooperative action I suggest a aneient and rieh heritages and eivili- renewal of our prayer life. zations in a spirit of condecension, as superiors and benefactors, but must I have just finished reading the go in the truly Christ-like spirit of latest book published by the Central helpers and cooperators, working Committee on the United Study of with, not for them. Foreign Missions, "Prayer and Mis- siom;" by Helen Barrett Montgomery, My first plea then is for a fresh ap- and I am rejoicing that hundreds of proach with unbiased, unprejudiced thousands of our missionary women minds to a restudy and a clear evalua- throughout the United States are this tion of the whole situation of the mis- year to study this book. It should be sionary enterprise. Material varied in the hands of every woman in the and interesting is available for our Church and it should be placed there reading and study. Latin America, and followed up with the prayer that which is one of our study themes for it may be the means of awakening, or this year, should be considered with reawakening, the prayer life of these these large issues in mind and our individual women. The possibilities relationships and responsibilities to- inhering in this little volume are inward these countries south of us, our calculable when used by God's Spirit. nearest neighbors, yet so little known It should be the means of liberating a or understood. The possibilities of great volume of prayer for the cause cooperation gl-owing out of an intelli- which we all hold dear; the means of gent and sympathetic understanding liberating needed funds and workers; of other peoples and their problems, the means of realizing God's plan for problems which the West has all too the world to those who seek to know often created or COmplicated, should His purpO'3es and to do His will. stimulate us to seek the information needed and then to use it in the wisest, Let us then, the missionary women finest, most Christlike types of service. of America, a force of incalculable My second practical suggestion is potentiality, cease to be isolationists, for a reviving of our spiritual im- which means self-centered, and bepulses, a return to the source of our come cooperators-Chl'isto-Centric. power in order that we may be able to render the service needed, which Let us come to see and know and service must be in the strength and love our brethren more nearly as our the might of our God through the operations of His Holy Spirit. Master and Lord sees and knows and loves them. This attitude of mind In order to carry through this great and heart will become possible as we task which our Master has left us to strive to know Him and His purposes do, our Christianity must have a more clearly, and our brother more depth, a vigor, a vitality, a warmth of truly. love, and that quality of loyalty which will make our obedience and our serv- May we let His spirit of intercesice acceptable and usable. sion and communion sweep through us, liberating His mighty workings As a third practical suggestion to for a world that so sorely needs Him and what He alone can give.

-Katharine V. Silverthorn.

T HE Editorial Committee of the Federation of Woman's BO'lrds of Foreign Missions of North America takes pleasure in the announcement of a series of articles by noted leaders and by outstanding Nationals of China, India and Japan who are themselves the product of foreign missions.

Every woman will read the first article from our own President, Mrs. E. II. Silverthorn, and will give it the widest publicity in her church, city and state.

Note also the valuable article in this issue by Mrs. Chas. K. R<>ys (page 451).

FROM.MANYLANDS

AFRIOA who is nearest to the Kingdom has Arablc Books in North Africa evidently been preaehing the Gospel ANEW and enlarged edition of a zealously, because one of his col- Christian hymn hook in J.rabic, leagues smilingly asked us, 'Are you for the use of Mohammedan-speaking trying to make a m1tbasshir (evanpeoples of North Airica, has been is- gelist) out of him?' Dr. Zwemer sued under the direction of the Rev. turned to the 8th Psalm, and read in Percy Smith, missionary of the Meth- the sonorous monotone they like to odist Episcopal Church in Algeria. u:se for sacred books that splendid He has also published the first two panegyrie of God's works in Nature, parts of a metrical life of Christ writ- amid the reverent approbation of the ten in modern North Africa Arabic. sheikhs who stood about. Then he There will be ten parts to the work turned to the 51st Psalm and marked a few verses there about sin and forwhen completed. Because o.f the form of the Koran, giveness, and I added: 'You must be and the way that it is chanted in the sure, 0 sheikh, to read the 32d mosques, any religious book that can Psalm. ' I wrote on the fiyleaf of be chanted makes a strong appeal to each of the Bibles, 'Presented to Mohammedans. It is hoped through Sheikh – – , .A,zhar University, Cairo, these two volumes to reach a large from the American Bible Society,' number with the Cbristian message. and added our address. Twenty Dr. Smith, with the help of the Amer- years, ten years ago, such a visit ican Christian Literature Soeiety for would have been unthinkable. God is Moslems (New York), has in prepa- answering prayer and giving growth ration a Freneh translation of Muir's to the seed sown. One of these days , 'Mahomet and Islam," for use by -in His own time-there is going to young Moslem students enrolled in eome the mighty harvest from all French schools. This book is an at- these Bibles, Testaments and gospels tempt to depict the great Islamic put into the hands of the leaders and leader apart from the halo of glory teachers of Islam."

whieh bistory has built around him. REV. Modern Life in Oongoland JOHN M. AND MRS. Moslems and the Bible REV. J. OSCAR BOYD, Secretary SPRINGER have been repre- of the Arabic-Levant Agency of senting the Methodist Episcopal the American Bible Society, describes Church for OVer twenty years in the a visit made by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Belgian Congo, and they have seen Rev. Percy Smith of Algiers and extraordinary changes during that others to EI-Azhar University in period. Mrs. Springer recently wrote: Cairo: "It is amazing how one can "Cannibals and Ford cars! Sounds now walk into that old' stronghold of rather incongruous, doesn't itT But Moslem fanaticism and propaganda the motor ear is rapidly penetrating and present the Bible or a gospel and the remotest regions of the Dark Con- meet with nothing but a friendly weI- tinent and the cannibals can already come and hands stretehed out for the hear the warning honk, honk. Yes, books. We took with us four Arabie and what will yon say when I tell you Bibles and a quantity of Matthew's that I had the white children of my Gospel for presentation, and we had a Sunday-school here on New Year's fine reception. One of the sheikhs and gave them all the ice cream and 476 cake they could eat! Motor cars, ice whole of Kenya is being touched by cream, what next f This is a very dif- the mission work in Nairobi." For ferent Africa from the one to which some time past it has been usual on we came more than twenty years ago. Sunday mornings for two congrega- On the streets one sees white ladies tions of reverent worshippers each and black maidens dressed alike in numbering about a thousar:d, to the latest fashion. Weare very IIp- crowd into the mission buildings. A to-date even to a lack of morals. It business man was so impressed with would be very enlightening to know the work he saw in Nairobi that he ·how many white people there are in gave a considerable sum towards the building of a large stone church capathis place who pass for man and wife ble of holding two thousand people. that really have legal partners else- This church was dedicated on Decemwhere in the world. Flagrant ex- ber 20th, and the following day ten amples of drunkenness and immoral- Africans were ordained deacons by ity have their effect most emphatically the Bishop of Mombasa. On Christon the native population. But we are mas Day the Duke and Duchess of glad to say that there are many of the York attended the morning service. natives constantly coming to us and saying, 'I am tired of living in sin Methodist Work in Rhodesia and wickedness and I want to turn to God.' And turn they do by the scores THE mission of the Methodist Episand hundreds. That is what makes copal Church in Rhodesia, South missionary life endurable, and that Africa, has seen not only great only. Neither motor cars nor good, growth in numbers during the past comfortable houses, nor plenty of twenty years, but also interesting food including ice cream would miti- progress along other lines. Rev. W. gate the discouraging conditions. But C. Gardner, of Old Umtali, speaks or feeding these hungry souls not only "the change in the atmosphere of the mitigates the evH conditions but two, hundred kraals and centers makes us joyously happy that we are where our native workers are either here. " stationed or go with the Christian message. Though the followers 0.£ Wheless Station for Cen.tral Africa Christ are faced with temptation in THE erection at Ujiji, Lake Tan- its peculiar African forms, a Chris- ganyika, of a wireless station has tian standard of conduct is displacemphasized the tremendous develop- ing superstition and fear and many ment in Africa since Livingstone '8 of the distinctly heathen customs and day. Mr. Basil Mathews, comment- beliefs are being abandoned under the ing on this, refers to a letter from impact of enlightenment. The new Livingstone in which ha remarks, "It convert finds himself surrounded bv is a year since I had any news from those who understand his temptatioU:s Europe. " Stanley when he at last and are ready to help him." One of found Livingstone at Ujiji in 1871 the outstanding developments during handed over letters dated 1869. .A the past twenty years has been the message can now be sent between Methodist Mission Press for which a London and Ujiji in, it is stated, one new building has just been erected fortieth of a second. and a modern drum-cylinder-press Church for 2,000 Africans installed for book work. Two hun- dred Christian hymns have been A CONSTANT stream of people of translated, set to music and printed all tribes throughout East Africa in African dialects. On this press a go to Nairobi, a busy town in Kenya large number of tracts and booklets Colony, seeking employment. Arch- have been printed and colporteurs deacon Doulton, a visitor from the C. are going out into hundreds of native M. S. Tanganyika Mission, says that villages spreading gospel portions it is "no exaggeration to say that the and other Christian literature.

A "Packed" Congregation fourteen Egyptian pounds to the THE Right Rev. J. J. Willis, Alumni Fund to pay the tuition of a Bishop of Uganda, writes in the meritorious student for a year. Mrs. Church Missionary Outlook on the Shaldr is one of the leaders of the mass movement towards Christianity Feminist Movement in Egypt and secin his diocese. Of a scene in the retary of the Woman's League of Cairo. She is registered as a special Bukedi district he says: , 'Two long, seemingly interminable student in the School of .Arts and lines of dark figures, craning forward, Sciences. Unveiled, but with her hair smiling, cheering, clapping their covered, she pursues her studies with hands in a vociferous welcome. At the men students without embarrassthe end of the two lines a neatly built ment. Her husband is studying in church, the size of which, by compari- the School of Commerce at the Unison with the crowd to be accommo- versity.

dated, seems as nothing. The crowd Je.rusalem Y. M. C. A. Building pours in, until the church is filled to the doors. No pews or chairs occupy DR. JOHN R. MOTT reports that valuable space–the people sit shoul- a friend of the Y. M. C. A. has der to shoulder on the floOO'. And given $400,000 for a modern Associathen the church, already filled, is tion building in Jerusalem. He atpacked by a simple but drastic proc- tached two conditions to his gift: ess. The ~ongregation is told to one, that his name should never be stand, then to move forward, until known, and the other, that there shall the whole is wedged into a solid mass; be placed in the building a tablet statthe space left at the back is filled ing that it has been erected for the from the waiting crowd outside, and glory of God and in memory of His then the resultant mass is told to sit only begotten Son, our Lord. When down as best it can! That in such a this incident was mentioned, a day or congregation, thus uncomfortably two later, another Christian, who, in packed, there should be silence, and the same spirit, will not let his name eVen a certain reverence, is in itself be mentioned, promised to give as remarkable. And when it is remem- much as $25,000 toward providing a bered that almost all of these are pipe organ for the building, that from young people, the best of them only this Christian center overlooking removed by a few short years from Jerusalem and the Holy Land, there savagery, the sense of wonder grows might ascend praises to the Redeemer. deeper." His example led another friend to make a gift of $12,000 to provide THE NEAR EAST chimes for the tower of the building. When these gifts were reported to Prize for Moslem Woman one of the leading Jewish lawyers in !MONG seven contestants in an ora- New York he was so deeply impressed !. torical contest for Arabic-speak- that he promised to secure by April ing students at the University of 1st for this building enterprise Beirut in February, the prize was $50,000.

won by Mrs. Ahmad Shakir, of Egypt, the first Moslem woman to Jewish Agency for Pa.lestlne D enroll at the University. Her sub- R. WEIZMANN, president of the ject was, "Show Them (the women) . World Zionist Organization, the Light." She spoke in favor of characterized as "the most far-reach- liberal education for women and the ing event that has happened in the abolition of the veil by Moslem history of the Jewish people in many women. After the Governor had de- years," the recent reconciliation of clared the winners, it was announced Zionists, Non-Zionists,' and Anti- that Mrs. Shakir had added an equal Zionists concerning the Jewish re- sum to her prize and presented the colonizing of Palestine. Under the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

League of Nations, Great Britain has for this opportunity. These young been the mandatory power for Pales- men themselves are helping in grad- tine, but in accordance with this ar- ing and laying out the avenues on and rangement the Jewish Agency for about the campus.-The Continent.

Palestine has been recognized as the appropriate public body for the pur- Moderniza.tion of Baghdad pose of advice and cooperation. The THE Christian statesmanship which Zionist organization has virtually led the foreign mission boards of been this agency, and up till the preB- the American Presbyterian and Reent the cooperation of Non-Zionists formed Churches to o,rganize a united has not been possible. The different mission for the occupation of Mesofactors no,w seem to, have established potamia, beginning with Baghdad a working cooperative basis, and the and Mosul, has been referred to more appro¥al o,f Great Britain and o,f the than once in the REVIEW. Many re- I,eague of Nations will be sought for ports are now coming of the ways in the reestablishment and recognition which the fo,rmer city is being of the Jewish Agency on a basis that modernized, and its c,onsequent imwill make it co,nsist o,f a Co,uncil of portance as a missio,nary center. One one hundred and flity and an execu- missionary writes of seeing" an Arab tive co,mmittee o,f eighteen, the Co,un- Sheikh, with his flowing garments cil to be composed of fifty per cent and distinctive headgear, sitting on a Zionists and fifty per cent Non- corner bootblack chair, having his Zionists, forty per cent of the Non- American shoes shined by an Ar- Zionist bo,dies to be representative of menian bootblack." An article in the American Jewry. New York Times giveB the following Teheran College Opened present-day facts about this ancient THE cornerstone o,f the first real city: "Tourists are flocking into the college in Persia was laid last place. Round-the-world air men autumn. The exercises were simple, dropped down there dThring the sumthe only guests being the scho,ol, the mer. There is a daily train service to alumni and a group of Americans. Basra, and weekly motor convoy serv- "According to custom," writes Mrs. ices to Ramadan, Teheran and Enzeli. S. M. Jordan, a sheep had been sacri- When an airplane mail service to ficed and all the workmen-brick- London, via Cairo, was established layers, carpenters and o,thers-had a two years ago passengers for London feast of mutton stew and melons, thus had to go via India. This co,nsumed giving these humble helpers a share a month, but now motor transports in the general happiness. Dr. Jo,r- carry patro,ns west to, London in from dan, the principal, the architect and nine to twelve days at half the cost of the Persian head maso,n moved the the old journey. There are now five sto,ne into place, and concrete made distinct lines of travel by land and o,f Portland cement imported fro,m sea to London."

Russia was Po,ured about it. The list o,f signatures o,f those who, had taken INDIA AND SIAM part in the breaking o,f ground for India Grateful for Bible A the new institution last May and the HINDU paper published in Bom- bay, The Indian Social Reformer, Bible and New Testament in English and Persian were among the objects commenting on a report of the Britplaced in the co,rnersto,ne. During ish and Foreign Bible Soeiety, says: the ceremony· two, go,vernment air- "It may be safely said that the most planes, circling abo,ut o,verhead, abiding testimony to the work of added to the picturesqueness o,f the Christian missions is the bringing of scene. College wo,rk began sho,rtly the Bible within the reach of all afterward, with two, classeB o,f young classes and communities. No one who men who had been waiting for years knows the facts will deny that mod-

ern Hinduism has in its essential ;re- Bombay, Doctor Mistri says that of spects been profoundly vivified by its Hindu children 90 per cent, and of contacts with Christ's teaching. The Mohammedan children 75 per cent impact of Christianity on Hindu are doped from birth until two years thought is but faintly reflected in the old. It is also given to children to Indian Christian community. Its appease hunger – a sidelight on the largest manifestation is to be found poverty of the masses.

in the unique way in which Hindu life and thought have been reacting Disciples' Jubilee in India to it. India will always gratefully remember the service rendered by the THE Jubilee celebration in America Christian missions in putting her in of the Disciples denomination was possession of the Bible to read in her reported in the Review. In India own languages and to interpret in the the leaders sought in their celebralight of her own great spiritual t<radi- tion to double the membership and to tions and experiences…. The book is make every Christian an intercessor, being studied and searched for the a proportionate giver, a pledged abspirit of Christ independently of the stainer, and a voluntary worker. dogmas of the churches. The Bible Every station has at least partly athas undoubtedly given a great stimu- tained these aims. Stewardship of lus to religious thought in India, and money, time an,d service was stressed the society which has made it its busi- with very gratifying results in many ness to place it within easy reach of instances. These Christians in India all is rendering a great service to the are learning to give to people in other world." countries. The junior society in Harda sent five dollars to help build Opium Given to Babies the chapel at Akita, Japan. The amount pledged as the Golden Jubi- THE National Christian Council of lee gift from India was $3,346, most India, at the request of the Inter- of which will go to Africa. In many' national Missionary Council, has pre- cases people sacrificed much in order pared a report on the use of opium in to give. In Maudaha everyone, even India which is very interesting, the poorest, gave at least one sixteenth though sad, reading. On the question of their income. In Bina two evanof the proportion of the drug that is gelists gave half a month '8 salary.

used medically or to meet the de- mands of the opium habit, the report Aspects of Everyday India R quotes evidence supplied by both In- EV. NICOL MAcNICOL, of the United Free Church of Scotland dian and Western doctors and edueators which shows that about three mission, has ;recently written a book, fifths of the total amount of opium is "The Making of Modern India," The used by addicts. One of the worst following comment made on it by the features of the situation is the terrible Dnya,nodaya is itself a summary of prevalency of doping little children. conditions in present-day I n d i a: In almost every part of India it ap- "The reader is reminded that the pears that the custom of giving opium two typical figures in the Indian landpills to small children prevails. scape are the money-lender and the Usually it is not continued beyond the 'holy man'; . . . that the doetrine age of two or three years, but up to of Karma held by most Hindus 'has that age there is indubitable evidence done more than any other doctrine to that the custom is distressingly wide- enervate them and reduce them to spread. It is given for various rea- lethargy and despair-morally, in a sons. The commonest is the mother's word, to bleed India white,' exercisdesire to stop the child's crying, par- ing 'a paralyzing influence from ticularly in the case of mothers who which India must be set free if she is work as operatives in factories. In to progress at all,' since the doctrine

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has helped to forge India's three ber of Medical Missions and was later quoted in W m'ld Dmninion. The heaviest chains, viz., her asceticism, writer of this article gave an account of an experiment made by teaching her passive acceptance of things as jungle women what to do in simple cases of eye trouble; how to feed and they are, and her belief in an inex- nurse dysentery cases; how to avoid infection in epidemics of smallpox orable fate; that 'there is nothing and cholera; cleaner methods in mid- wifery work and how to treat infanrooted more deeply in the soul of the tile diseases. Commenting upon this experiment, the Editor said: "Edu- Indian peasant than his sense of God; cationally, . , .the value of such work is immense. Until we have taught . . . and in the making of modern people to do things for themselves we have accomplished nothing. It is the India they reckon ill that leave Him greatest of all achievements to enter their lives at their level and build out' ; that two of the greatest ob- forom the bottom up. ,Videspread work like that at Chota Nagpur would stacles to Indian Christianity are 'the hasten perhaps more than anything else the spiritual and physical, the poverty of the Indian Church' and material and intellectual develop- ments we long to see, " 'the downward pull of the mass move- New Hospital in Siam ments as these pour year by year ig- THE opening of the McCormick norant multitudes into the Church'; Hospital in Chiengmai, Siam, was an occasion of great reJoicing, and and that the two greatest aspirations among the distinguished guests pres- ent was the brother of the King of of Indian Christian leaders are 'to Siam, who studied public health at Harvard. Dr, E. C, Cort gave the have a Christlike character and to history of medical work in Siam "from the time Dr, McGilvary first have the Indian spirit.' . introduced quinine and vaccination for smallpox into Chiengmai" At Baluchistan Christians that time whole villages in one dis- trict would be wiped out by smallpox I N Quetta, one of the most important in a single epidemic; today in the cities of Baluchistan, the English same region there have been barely have a strong military post; and fifteen cases in the last fifteen years. largely for military purposes have 'fhe hospital plant so far consists of built an excellent railroad and motor the surgical building and a ward road clear across the country to group. In the latter is a ward for Chaman, three miles from the Afghan European and American patients, the border. Both English and American gift of British teak timber firms in missionaries are at work in Quetta. North Siam, which is divided into E. E. McCannon, who recently visited four large private rooms. 'fhe kitchen the Methodist missionaries there, and dining room were the gift of the writes: Chiengmai Christian community. Another building, directly across the "Here we have a dispensary, which street, when finished, will be the home ministers not only to the villagers, of the missionary doctor. but also to many of the Afghans who come from far out in the interior. This is in charge of a fine Afghan Christian doctor. Here we also have a school and a wide-awake pastor and church, with a Christian community of nearly two hundred. Notice was sent out that we had arrived and that a Christian service would be held at noon. The chapel was well filled at this unusual hour. On its wall is a memorial tablet to the :first Christian of this community, who also became the first martyr."

New Type of Medical Work ASUGGESTfVE article, entitled "A New Venture in Chota Nagpur," appeared in the February num-

CHINA tianity," the writer says: "Now he is allowed to carry out his peaceful A New Constitution for China plans. He had all along been train- ing his soldiers in all the arts of AWIRELESS message from Peking peace, as weavers, farmers, carpen- to the New York 'l'imes, dated ters, etc. And now comes his ap- April 21st, gives a pessimistic picture pointment as defense commissioner of the political outlook in China, for. the northwest. He has planned which it is to be hoped futUJ"e events for fifty-one villages of 200 families will not justify. It said: "The re- each, the settlers to he given full organization conference to consider transportation, and a house of three means of restoring China to peaceful rooms each, with furniture to be reand constitutional conditions, which turned in two years. So his dishas been sitting for the last three banded soldiers will become useful months, was officially dissolved today citizens. He is making arrangements after much formal discussion which for getting the best breeds of cattle, had very little tangible result. The bees, etc., as well as most useful forconference, however, may have ful- eign farming implements and applifilled its purpose by ordaining the ances. He quietly lives down the summoning of citizens to a confer- slanders circulated about him. He is ence, which will report to a commis- the most splendid demonstration of sion appointed to draft a new consti- the value of practical Christianity to tution. Delegates to the conference China." will be eLected by provinces, but as the provinces are totally under the Union Conference in Chengtn thumbs of the militarists the ordinary citizen is not likely to be powerfully I N Chengtu, Szechwan Province was represented, and as the commission is held in January an "All-Church to be nominated by the Government General Conference in Western brought to office by military agency, China," which brought together repthe character of the constitution resentatives of all the missionary which it will prepare will not be un- agencies at work in that distant reduly democratic. gion. A similar gathering in 1908 led to the organization of a central , 'Meanwhile the provisional Senate educational system and the founding is to be convened forthwith to give in Chengtu of an interdenominational constitutional color to the situation, Christian university for the training which is so irregular that the Parlia- of pastors, teachers, physicians and ment which elected President Tsao lay leaders. The 1925 conference was Kun eighteen months ago has not composed of 500 delegated church even been dissolved. It simply melted leaders and 250 accredited guests, away when judicial proceedings were some of whom traveled two weeks announced against those legislators from their mission stations to attend who had been bribed to make the the conference and was overwhelmaforesaid election." ingly Chinese in membership. All the chief officers of the conference Mal'8hal Feng's New Work were Chinese; every committee had a Chinese chairman and secretary; TRIBUTES to Marshal Fang Yu English was not allowed upon the Hsiang, both as a Christian and a floor of the conference except in the patriot, from people who know him in case of a few visitors whose addresses Peking were quoted in the March RE- were translated from English into VIEW, and others have since appeared Chinese; all formal reports, stated in various papers. Those who are addresses, and devotional services praying for Marshal Feng will be in- were in Chinese. The slogan adopted terested in the latest news of him, for the conference, "West China for contained in a letter from Peking, Christ, and Every Christian a 1fisquoted in The Continent. After contrasting him with Sun Yat Sen, "who chose the sword and laid down Chris-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary, " was the central theme bel' of Chinese were taken there to around which the conference was or- work in the sugm- plantations. The ganized. Denominational differences Samoan Christians, true to the real and lines were forgotten, and there missionary spirit they have always was unity in thought and purpose. shown, very soon began to think of how these strangers in their midst A Demon Cast Out could be taught the Gospel. The MISS E. E. MASSEY, a mission- Christian Endeavorers promised to ary of the Church Missionary find the necessary funds and sent an Society working at Foochow, in the application to the South China Mis- Fukien Province of China, writes of sion to find them a Chinese evangelist, an instance of answered prayer in the who should work among these exiles_ deliverance of a demon-possessed Mr_ Lei responded to the call and woman. Miss Massey was called to went in 1914. He worked there with go with a Bible woman to pray with a diligence and a good measure of sucpoor woman who was devil-possessed. cess till the greater part of the Chi- Her little boy and girl had died with- nese were repatriated. Then he went in a few days of each other. The to Melbourne and spent two years or woman went to the idols, and became so among his countrymen there.

possessed. For four months she had disturbed the neighborhood, and Anti-Opium Activities S when the missionary arrived the OME of the early work of the Na- tional Anti-Opium Association of .woman was found chained to a post, and had been beaten and burned China was described in the January about the mouth. A number of Christians went with Miss Massey and her REVIEW. Later a petition sent by the helper, and after much prayer the Association to the Geneva Conference demon was cast dut. Now the woman, and to the Peking Government wa.s her husband, and remaining little girl signed by over 2,000 organizations in attend church regularly and take the different 'provinces, representing every opportunity of "learning the over 2,000,000 people. "About thirty doctrine. "-C. M. S. responses to tae petition," says the Chinese Recorder, "ate still coming A Chinese "World Christian" in every day. It is quite safe to say that public opinion against this great REV. LEI SHUE KWAI is one of evil has been awakened in China for the outstanding Chinese leaders the first time. Members of some of in the Hong-Kong Mission of the the branch associations have actually London Missionary Society. The work begun to fight against the compulsory has grown until now there are seven planting of the poppy. A few weeks centers with churches. Mr. Lei is in ago a leader in the anti-opium move- charge of the whole as pastor, and ment in the province of Fukien was there are several evangelists and arrested by local officers for stirring school teachers. He has had an un- up the people against the order to usual experience. As a lad he was plant the poppy. But as the public educated in the mission school in opinion was so strong against the Canton, and afterwards had his the- action of the local officer, the victim ological training in the school of the was released right away and the Basel Mission. He worked in the officer was put out of his position by Pok Lo and Ts'ung Fa districts as an the civil governor of Fukien. This evangelist. After that he was for shows that public opinion is gradually several years in charge of the work gaining ground in regard to the anti- in Macao, an outstation of the Hong opium movement."

Kong church. Then he had a call to The Association has sent several go to Samoa. When those islands representatives to different provinces were under German rule a large num- to promote the movement and they

have met with great success. Miss up the town. In the preliminary ar- May Chang of the W. C. T. U. went rangements, there was no difficulty; to Ningpo and founded a branch as- everyone seemed, rather, to go out of sociation in that city. Through Miss their way to help. Chang's untiring efforts the different The mission began October 21st, bodies in that city participated in the and on the first night the tent was movement and a city-wide campaign crowded, while numbers went away because there were no more seats. is being planned. The first night, over forty men and JAPAN-KOREA women pressed to the front, and earnest souls cried aloud to God for Japanese Youth Movement pardon and salvation. This scene was repeated night after night, and the THREE tendencies characterize the evidences of the Spirit's power was life and thought of the young peo- ·".isible. Scores of New. Testaments ple of Japan today, according to were sold. Talmo Matsumoto. He says, in the J apanes'6 Student Bulletin: At the close of the ten days, 289 converts were registered besides a "First, reality in both personal and number of children, not the least immental life is passionately sought. portant part of the work, for whom Second, we may unhesitatingly say special afternoon meetings were held. that the new generation in Japan At the end of the fourth week of the today is proloundly religious. It is mission, there was no sign of waning true that its religious longings are interest. The responsibility of shepvague and formless in most cases, but herding these people is very great. I believe that they will gradually crystallize themselves into more vital There are opposing for~es at work. co"llvictions. The third noteworthy The Buddhists are becoming aggresfact about the young men and women sive in their opposition. These are of Japan today is the new interest good signs. they have come to take insocial problems. In the spring of 1924, The Stu- What took place in this town of dent Society for the Study of Social Shinmaizuru could be repeated in Science was first inaugurated in everyone of the thousands of such Waseda University, and t.hen in one towns and cities yet unevangelized, after another of various higher insti- and which call in no uncertain tones tutions in Tokyo and elsewhere. Al- to us to discharge our debt of the though these societies in different Gospel to them.

schools aim at a dispassionate scien- Progress in Reconstruction S tific study of social facts and prob- OME of the plans of the Prot~st~nt Episcopal Church for rebUlldmg lems, they show signs of eventually developing into a g.reat student move- its work in Japan which were anment for social righteousness." nounced in the REVIEW for June, A Revival in Japan 1924, are now well under way. All the damaged buildings of St. Paul's A BAND of worker.s set out very University, except the chapel, have early one mornlllg on an ex- been repaired and are now in use. tended evangelistic tour northward to Three important land purchases have the coast from the Japan Evangelistic been made: (1) A new site of about Band Branch Bible School at Kai- eleven acres for St. Margaret's bara. Each important town and city School, fifteen miles west of the old was 'i".isited and Gospel meetings held. site in Tsukiji. This will provide Shinmaizuru, an entirely unevan·· space not only for the new St. :M:ar- gelized town of some twenty thousand garet's buildings, but also for a pri- inhabitants, was one of t.he plaees mary school for both boys and girls, that ealled for occupation. A t.en thus filling the serious gap between days' tent mission was held to open kindergartens and high schools. (2)

NEWS FROM MANY

A new site has been purchased for St. weekly. It is undoubtedly true that Paul's Middle School, near the Uni- a larger percentage of the population versity. This will make possible a in Pyengyang gathers daily for fam- closer coordination in the work of the ily prayers than in any other large two institutions that ought to prove city in the world, except possibly in advantageous and economical for Scotland.' , both. (3) Just opposite the Aoyama Palace, one of the official residences Christian Doctors for Korea of the Imperial Family, and at the SEVERANCE UNION MEDICAL jnnction of two important thorough- COLLEGE in Seoul now holds a fares, a wonderful site has been pur- charter from the Government, and its chased for the new Trinity Church. graduates have the privilege of re- No more satisfactorv location could ceiving license to practice on presenhave been secured in the whole of tation of their diplomas. This applies Tokyo. A residence for Tagawa San, also to the nurses. This is one recogrector of the Japanese congregation, nition of the work which this famous is now being built. institution has been doing for the past thirty years. Its first aim was Pyengyang-Then and Now the education of Christian Korean THIRTY-FOUR years ago Drs. young men as doctors that they might Moffett, Hall and Lee, pioneer mis- be added to the forces of the medical sionarie-s, entered Pyengyang. Since missionaries and 124 doctors and then, says the Korea .llission Pield, forty-six: nurses have been ~raduated, "One of the most wicked Oriental a very worth-while contribution to cities has become one of the most the beneficent 3.nd Christianizing in- Christian cities in any mission field. fluences in the country. When one Then there was not a'single believer, considers, however, that there are now church, modern school or charitable 17,000,000 people in Korea one real- organization in the city. Today in a izes that the college must also fit itself population of about 97,000 people, of to make medical teach ers and trainers whom 76,000 are Koreans and 19,000 of nurses. This means that it must Japanese, there are more than 10,000 advance its standards, enlarge and Protestant believers; 20 "hlethodist improve its faculty and plant and and Presbyterian churches, set upon prepare to move up to university . every hill and at every point of van- grade. Extensive plans are now tage in the city; a complete system under way for the development not of education for men from the kinder- only of the college, but also of the garten to the college and seminary, hospital and dispensary connected and for women to the academy and with it. Dr. O. R. Avison, the Presi- Higher Bible School; and not only do the poor have the glad tidings dent, is now in this country, seeking preached unto them, but the orphans, the large sums' of money which will the aged, the draf and blind, as well be needed to supplement what the as the moral outcasts of society, are Koreans have already given to carry out these plans.

cared for. A very conRervative esti- ISLANDS OF THE SEA mate places the average total Sunday congregation in the city at 9,000. It Australian Aborigines O is no unnsual thing for 5,000 of these NE of the aboriginal groups in Central Australia is the Aranda to meet in the mid-week prayer meetings. Each church conducts its Sun- tribe, which occupies an area not less day schools in relays, instructing the than 700 miles in length from north children, the women and the men in to south and stretches out east and succession, for even the largest church west of the transcontinental telegraph buildings are too small to accommo- line, covering an unknown extent of date the crowds which throng them country in either direction. Lutheran

missionaries began work among them across the island may strip the young in 1875, naming their first station trees of their foliage. To guard Hermannsburg. Rev. C. Strehlow, against this, the koa tree has been who has re~ently died, labored for planted with them. The larger trees twenty-eight years am 0 n g the protect the smaller growth, and later Aranda, a~ting as pastor, teacher, can be removed.

doctor, as well as manager of the sta- tion. In addition to preaching, teach- NORTH AMERICA ing, catechizing, he worked methodi- A Home Missions ArguDlent cally on linguistic and" ethnological subjects and became a real authority MRS. w. O. CARVER, of the on native questions. Since his death Southern Baptist Church, has the Lhanda leaders, thrown on their been stirred by a visit to Europe to own resources, have not only main- realize anew the significance of the tained services at Hermannsburg but work for foreigners c:u-ried on by have received a real impulse to carry home mission boards. She writes; the Gospel to other and less civilized tribes. The activity of the Aranda "It frightens me to know that alevangelists is extending the influence ready 40,000 Italians have gone to of the mission, for only recently a America this year-everyone of group of natives walked a hundred them, in all probability, a Catholic miles to Hermannsburg to hear about and against p.rohibition. America is Jesus. the mission field of the world today! I feel like shouting it aloud from every city in our U. S. A. Let every- Ohaulmoogra Trees in Hawaii body-every Christian-go to work to teach these foreigners in his own THE marked impro'Vement, amount- city Christ '8 religion and how to be ing often to apparent cure, which good citizens. Teach them to love has resulted f,rom the chaulmoogra God and not war…. There is absooil treatment, is an achievement of lutely no hope until the love of God modern science which has proved a gets into their hearts, and how can it great boon in several mission fields. when their hearts are so full of hate?

The oil is distilled from the seeds of And these people with their ideals the fruit of the chaulmoogra tree, the and race hatreds are coming to our cultivation of which is now being country by the thousands every year. pushed on one of the Hawaiian is- Surely it is time we waked up 1"

lands. Formerly the oil used in the treatment of lepers in Hawaii had to The Ohurches of Boston D be imported from India. The seed ENOMINATIONAL statisties is- sued by the Federation of for the chaulmoogra trees now growing in the spe~ial plantation on the Churches in Greater Boston, show island of Oahu was shipped from Congregational churches, 136; Bap- Siam and Burma. It made the trip tist, 117; Methodist, 1l6; Protestant packed in charcoal. The trees were Episcopal, 101; Unitarian, 65; Cni- started in germinating-flats, then versaliRt, 33; Presbyterian, 24. The carefully transplanted into inilividual Record of Christian Work thus com- pots and held for a year Some of ments: "The significant thing about these trees by the end of a year attain these figures is the revelation of the a height of four feet. A year later fact that liberalism has failed to make they are from ten to twelve feet high. good under the most advantageous When they are about eight years old, conditions, and that the evangelical they begin to bear. The red volcanic churches have multiplied and pros- soil on Oahu seems to be very suitable pm·ed in the very stronghold of Uni- for cultivating this tree. However, tarianism. A century ago, in the the trade-winds that at certain sea- great split in the Congregational fold, sons sweep with ~onsiderable violen~e only two churches remained steadfast

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in the faith, all the ~est going over to tions and for community welfare to the Unitarian wing. A hundred years learn from each others' experiences. later the number of Trinitarian Con- There were 216 delegates, from sevengregational churches is more than teen states, and of these 114 were double that which sails under the colored. The following topics were Unitarian flag." considered in open forum bessions of about three hours each, with full and Presbyterian Stndents Confer free discussion by delegates on the floor, this type of discussion taking FUTURE leaders in the Presbyte- most of the time: "Publicitv and rian Church-140 of them from Race Relations," "Health and Race forty-one universities, colleges, nor- Relations," "Housing and Race Remal and training schools throughout lations, " "Growth of the Interracial the country-spent three days o·f Movement, ' , ,,Social Agencies and their Easter vacation at Ann Arbor, Race Relations," "The Courts and Michigan, discussing questions they Race Relations," and "Schools and consider of vital importance to the Colleges and Race Relations," "The church, nation, the campus and the Church and Race Relations," and individual. Chief among these were "Industry and Race Relations." war, creed, and race. On the second subject they adopted the following "P1'inceton-in New York" findings: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY'S We believe that a creed is only the ex- . century-old religious organization, pression of certain men '. interpretation of The Philadelphian Society, is begin- Christianity as they understand it. Rec- ning a movement, with the above ognizing that thought progresses and that title, which will be analogous to its interpretations change with the advance· , , Princeton-in-Peking' , mi tlSionary ment of knowledge, we believe that forced work in China. Ray F. Purdy, Gradsubscription to a fixed and formal creed uate Secretary of the Society, says may impair the integrity of the individual that the plan has grown out of a sumconscience. Therefore, we are opposed to mer camp for boys, established sevthe requirement that ministers and elders ()f eral years ago. He says: the Presbyterian Church subscribe t() the Westmin ster Confession ()f Faith. However, We found that we must go into the we realize the necessity of a unified expres· family and economic conditions of the boys sian of essential doctrines, and we favor a whom we were endeavoring to benefit. 'l'his creed which is a statement of purpose rather has led us to the conviction that more fun· than a creed which is an elaboration ()f damental work must be done. 'l'hat will theological ideas. result next year in the establishment of a permanent social service secretary jn Prince· The conference organized "The ton and the development of a group of National Association of Presbvterian Princeton men in New York who will live Students," and asked the B~ard of together and begin a community service Christian Education to appoint an from one centre. A part of this will be the executive secretary. erection of a model tenement at a e,ost of $350,000. Here the families of the boys we Race Relations Conference have met at the summer camp and else- where will be gradually worked in as ten- THE first National Interracial Con- ants. We will thus endeavor to see through _ ference to be held in America was the problems we encounter in the earlier held in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 25th- stages of our work. Instead of merely ap- 27th. The meeting was arranged by plying a temporary palliati,e, we shall enthe Commission on Race Relations of deavor to work out practically thl' economic the Federal Council of Churches, and spiritual problems of those with whom jointly with the Commission on Inter- we come in contact. racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, to enable white and col- Southern Baptist Progress ored people in uifferent communities, who are wrestling with problems of SIX years' effort to get $75,000,000 organization, methods and programs in subscriptions for missions and for improvement of interracial rela- education through a period of five

years resulted in $59,000,000 in cash, sent to them. The only part of the and the likelihood of more. The gain program which is being pre-deter- in new Baptist churches was thre'e mined is the general division of sub- times that of the preceding five years. jects by weeks, as follows: First Baptists averaged a membership gain week, economic questions; second oi 40,000 a year for the five years week, political; third week, racial; beyond the previous five-year period. fourth week, international. Many Now a 1925 movement has been representative leaders of religious started doing away with the five-year thought have agreed to be present. pledges, but seeking to maintain the rate of growth alongt all lines that was Negro BURiness Progres.. attained in the special campaign. DR. R. R. MOTON, Principal of During the last ten years the for- Tuskegee Institute, is also Presi- eign missionary fields of the denomi- dent of the Nati()nal Negro Business nation have inc.reased from seven to League. In his address at its annual seventeen, the number of churches on meeting he said: "When the Na- these fields from 380 to 1,095, mem- tional Negro Business League was or- bership of foreign churches from ganized in Boston twenty-f()ur years 29,991 to 111,872, Sunday-schools ago the aggregate number of business from 542 to 1,511, Sunday-school organizations, corp()rate and individ- pupils from 22,022 to 76,504, annual ual, owned and operated by colored contributions by foreign churches people was not more than 20,000 with from $91,159.69 to $444,568, .Ameri- a combined capital of $10,000,000. can missionaries on the field from 278 Today they own and operate 60,000 to M4, native Christian workers em- with a combined capital of $60,000,- ployed from 634 to 2,494. 000. The Negro owns in .America more than $1,000,000,000 worth of Diseussional Conference Planned property real and personal, whereas when the Declaration of Independ- A SUMMER conference on eCO- ence was adopted, the combined cap- nomic, political, racial and inter- ital of the entire nation was about national problems, under the auspices $500,000,000. We have now 72 suc- of "The Fellowship for a Christian cessful Negro banks. We should and Social Order," will be held .August could have 700. There are many ] st to 3,lst on the campus of Olivet cities with large Negro population College, Olivet, Michigan. .Around where leaders ,in business among the actual problems of the group the Negroes could accomplish any rea- discussion will be concentrated. No sonable business enterprise if it were program of set speeches is being ar- properly managed. Durham, Savan- ranged in advance. The various per- nah, .Atlanta, Richmond, Norfolk, sons designated as leaders will come New York, with many others, are set- prepared to share their experiences ting notable examples in the possibili- with other members of the group, and ties of this race to accomplish large at opportune moments will speak di- results.' , rectly to the point on issues under • consideration. In other words, the Indian Chlld a Teacher leaders will be available as consult- ants and will stand ready to furnish ON THE edge of an Indian reserva- data that is required by members of tion in Washington is a little the group, as they seek to reach their girl, eleven years old, whose name own conclusions concerning various even has not been recorded on the problems. Prior to the conference books of the Board of Christian Edu- delegates will be asked to cooperate cation, but whose work last summer in the formation of a tentative sylla- has given her a place above thousands bus of outstanding difficulties by fill- of other girls. The little girl was in ing out a questionnaire which will be the Daily Vacation Bible Sch()ol con-

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ducted at Wellpinit, Washington. Boy babies have a greater value and She had lots of fun, but saw that are seldom, if ever, killed."

there were a great many other boys and girls near her home who would LATIN AMERICA enjoy such a school but who could not Mexican Separatist Movement come. After the school was over, she AN organization of Mexican Cathgathered a group of nine Indian chil- .tl. olics has been formed which indren and carried on for ten days a volves the repudiation of the authorminiature Daily Vacation Bible ity of the Pope, the abandonment of School all by herself. She had a little celibacy for the priesthood and consister who helped her but no grown siderable alterations in the prescribed folks had a hand in this second school. ritual of worship. These features of She carried out a program of Bible the movement are identical with those memory work. The children sang that have characterized a similar one songs, and she told them Bible stories. in Czecho-Slovakia. She also had them stand up and go through exercises just as they did in According to the Philadelphia Pttbthe school she had attended. For lie Ledger, Ash Wednesday was celecraft work she had the young Indians bated in Mexico City in La Soledad make articles out of flour sacks and Church by the new Mexican Apotltolic colored yarns. The sessions were car- Church. The Patriarch, Joaquin ried on in a businesslike way with a Perez, said: seriousness that did credit to the chil- Our desire is to maintain a Catholic dren. The sessions were held out of doors, and the closing demonstration Church preserving all the ritual an d beliefs was given in the community building. intact, but entirely indepeudent of Rome. Mas~es, baptisms, marriages, funerals, cere- monies and rites will be pronounced in the To Sa~e Eskimo Baby Girls Spanish language, that all hearers may un· derstand exactly what is said.

K NUD RASMUSSEN, the famous It is reported that the new church Arctic explorer, who is now on is allied with the Mexican Federation his way, at the invitation of the of Labor, receiving financial and Canadian Government, to report on moral aid from that organization. the Eskimos of the Hudson Bay and The Presbyteria,n Survey comments: more northern sections, was inter- "We strongly suspect that the influviewed in New York City on his ar- ences behind the movement are much rival from Europe. He said that one more political than religious in their of the Eskimo practices which the cha1"acter. ' , Canadian Government hopes to stop is the killing of all girl infants, save those pledged in marriage. The cus- An Appreciati~e Audience R tom of Eskimo infanticide, according EV. J. E. THACKER, Presiding Elder of the Parral District in to Dr. Rasmussen, developed from the Eskimo's difficulty in providing food the Mexican Mission of the M. E.

and other necessities foo: the family. Church South, writes: "Our influ- "The Eskimo has not in any sense the ence is extending in ever-widening same moral viewpoint as civilized peo- circles, and we are reaching more and pIe," he explained, "and the life of a more people every day. To count our child has about the same value as the actual membership does not give a life of any other creature. If there is just idea of our work and its progress.

not provender enough they kill the Our Mexican pastors have lately gone girl babies immediately after birth by to new centers and have had a good smothering them. If a girl baby, degree of success. I 1"ecently accom- prior to birth, is pledged in marriage, panied Rev. Epigmenio Garza to the mother will preserve it. If not, Boquilla, and there we had the privi- the line of le<lSt resistance is followed lege of preaching the Gospel for the and the infant is put out of the way. first time in that place and to an

audience of six fine, bright young Mission Student. Win Honors men who listened with profound in- THE annual ,report from Saneti terest for a whole evening. Tills is Spiritus, Cuba, to the Board of one of the very brightest things in a National Missions of the Presbyterian missionary's life-to tell others of Churrh in the U. S. A. has the follow- ing to say about the mission high Christ for the first time and to such school in that city: "The school has appreciative listeners. We expect to won a great achievement in scholastic continue going there, and hope in annals. In the past course, when the time to win some of these young men government examiners came to hold for Christ. We sold several Bibles to their yearly examinations, there was the Spanish-speaking people and a not a single failure and many of the Bible in Chinese to the only Chinese pupils were awarded the highest in town."

Schools Needed in Porto Rico grade that is gh;en. After finishing ALTHOUGH the United States the examinations the examiners pro- Govel"lllnent at great expense and nounced the pupils the best prepared with the most aggressive diligence has of the entire province. Such combeen laboring for twenty-five years to ments spread quickly throughout the create an American public school sys- city and never before has the work tem at Porto Rico, it is still so far in Sancti Spiritus enjoyed the presbehind the necessities of the situation tige that it has today. Judging from that the provincial commissioner of what has happened in the past year education recently expressed the de- at tills station, there is not a better sire that missionary schools might be field in all Cuba or the West Indies established in each toivn of the island. than Sancti Spiritus; and if efficient " The cOlll1Ilissioner made this re- consecrated efforts are put forth a mark," says The Continent, "after strong congregation will result and an inspection of certain Presbyterian one that will send out well-prepared schools, and it is supposed that they workers for Cuba. "

set the standard which he has in mind for the whole island-although, as a Organbed R. C. Opposition W matter of fact, under the present ORKERS in "The Latin Ameragreement among the evangelical de- ican EvangelizatiO'n Campaign"

nominations, whatever work Presby- describe, as the chief feature of their terians undertake will be done only recent visit to Santo Domingo, "the in the western end of the island or in prepared and determined resistance San Juan, the capital. However, of the Roman Catholic clergy. They within this allotted Presbyterian ter- had been advised from the United ritory there is plenty of room fo·r ex- States of the plan to carry out an pansion, and a great deal to bc done evangelistic campaign through the before the commissioner's idea could republic and their counter-attack was even be approximately met. What along the lines of a virulent anti- has been already accomplished educa- American propaganda. One of the tionally through joint missionary and Catholic papers in the States had re- government enterprise is shown by ported Mr. Strachan as having ad- the fact that since 1898 illiteracy in mitted in a public address the truth Porto Rico has been reduced from 80 of the charge so often made against to 54 per cent. But this very exhibit missionaries in Latin America, that demonstrates that half the population they are the paid agents of the of Porto Rico is still unable to' read United States Government, for the and write, and explains fully why the purpose of winning over the people, commissioner desires all the assistance with a view to preparing for occupa- the churches could give in extending tion later on. Although the United and completing the edu<latiO'nal work States troops were withdrawn from which has been thus so well begun." Santo Domingo last June, yet anti-

NEWS FR.OM MANY LANDS

American feeling still runs very high congress of the league and so it is and the Romanists took advantage of advertised in the daily papers. The the situation to propagate these lies. " league's program of activities, worked out through the local chapters in con- Winning Porto Ricans to Christ nection with their churches, affords OVER 1,000 won for Christ in excellent opportunity for the girls al- Porto Rico is the result of a three ready in training to do practice work, months' evangelistic campaign con- during the school year and at vacaducted by Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. tion time.

Peters of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. In San A Brazilian Indian Tribe R Lorenzo 174 were converted. Services EV. ARTHUR F. TYLEE, of the Inland South America Missioneverywhere have been attended by people of all social ranks and the con- ary Union, writes f,rom Corumba, verts include teachers and lawyers. Brazil: Families have become reunited. .A "These splendid, clean, strong temperance movement has accom- Nhambiquaras, wild in their manner panied the revival with the result of life, but sympathetic of heart, are that stills have been closed and their totally isolated from all opportunity owners brought to realize their de- to know of the Gospel. We have pendence upon God. In other loeali- their friendship and confidence. Our ties not visited' by the American evan- hymns at a service held in the pres- gelists revivals have sprung up to ence of one family pleased them so strengthen the churches. In many much that, on the return journey, we places the services have been carried were requested by them to sing again on in the face of persistent and or- for others to hear. The door is open.

ganized opposition. We have dedicated ourselves to the evangelization of this tribe number- Argentine Evangelical Women ing some 10,000 or more. The task is F OR three years past a Bible Train- difficult, and the way covered with ing School for Spanh,h-speaking obstacles, material, physical and young women has been conducted in spiritual, but the Nhambiquaras are Buenos Aires by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. to have the Gospel! "Ve are sure of God's call to them. "

Church, the Disciples of Christ, and the National League of Evangelical EUROPE Women. This league is young and its English Methodists Unite N limited resotLrces do not permit itsOT only have the first steps been • taken in the United States tocooperation as far as funds are concerned, but in its own way it con- ward the reunion of the Northern and tributes to the work. It is made up of Southern Methodist Churches, but in women from different Protestant de- England the three Methodist bodies nominations and reaches, through its -Wesleyan, P,rimitive and United- local chapters, many places where have come together. "These three,"

Methodists and Disciples a,re un- says Arthur Porritt, "differ seriously known, but where J e~ms Ohrist is on nothing save church government.

known. The bulletin of the league On doctrinal questions they are sub- goes into many Argentine homes stantially agreed. Tradition and sen- which no other Protestant literature timent, however, are factors, and in enters, and gains new friends for the the discussions spread over the last school. Its prayer calendar gives a five years they have been stressed by place to the school, and intercession the opponents of the reunion pro- goes up £rom many women far from posal. Now the votes of the Meth- Buenos Aires. The work of the school odist people have been taken and a is annually reported at the national very substantial majority have ex-

pressed themselves in favor of the war economic situation has caused union. " The combined body will con- many worthy but poor young men to tain far the largest Noncomformist turn to the theological schools to pre- Church in Gil'eat Britain, second, in pare for the Christian ministry. fact, only to the Church of England. Large numbers of these students It will have 4,368 ministers, 37,697 could not afford even to purchase the lay preachers; 898,936 members and Hebrew and Greek Scriptures which probationers, in addition to adher- are used as textbooks. Last year the ents; 1,541,517 Sunday-school schol- American Bible Society made possible ars, with 173,261 officers and teachers. the distribution of Nestle's Greek It will possess 13,558 Sunday-schools Testaments among theological stuand 12,242 churches. 'rhe property dents in Germany, Poland, Czech()- it will own is probably $150,000,000. Slovakia and Austria. It also sent to It will also have valuable properties the Bible Society of France 5,000 and a large membership in the for- French New Testaments, the sale of eign field. which will increase the receipts of this society. Protestants in Great Britain Minority Religions in Roumania UNDER the auspices of the Evan- gclical Alliance, a large meeting A REPRESENTATIVE American was held liIarch 31st in London "to commission, which visited Roureaffirm the principles of Protestant- mania last year, states in its recently ism. " Representatives of the Free published report that Roumania con- Chur.ches and of the Anglican Church tinues to violate provisions of the took part, and passed resolutions de- Trianon treaty guaranteeing the claring "unwavering devotion to the rights of minority churches in Trangreat Protestant principles of the sylvania. At the request of the Rou- Reformation," and appealing to the manian Government, the commission Bishops and to Parliament, in view submitted statements which dealt of the fact that "a large section of with personal abuses, confiscation of the clergy of the Church of England, church and school property, the alin defiance of the law and in violation leged unjust way in which the great of their oath, have long been engaged estates are being divided under the in endeavoring to destroy its Protes- agrarian reform, the rights of astant character, to maintain the Prot- sembly and other types of coercion. estant character of the National The reply of the Roumanian Govern- Church as settled at the Reformation ment is described by the commission and enshrined in the Book of Com- as "evasive and inconclusive." Soon mon Prayer and the 'l'hirty-nine Ail'- after the publication of the commisticles. " This resolution was for- sion's report came the action of the warded to the Archbishop and Roumanian Ministry of Arts and Bishops of the Church of England, Worship suppressing or curtailing and the members of both Houses of the activities of certain "minority Parliament. religions" in that country. The churches absolutely suppressed are American Bibles for Europe mainly adventist bodies, but even in the case of Baptists it is ordered that THE American Bible Society has they may "continue to enjoy the lib- responded to another urgent need erties accorded by the constitution, in Europe by making grants of money but certain measures of surveillance with which to supply Bibles to theo- will be taken. " In the meantime, the logical students. The 'World War so Metropolitan of the State Church has impoverished most of the theological been raised to the rank of patriarch, schools in Central Europe as to make and every prospect points toward an it impossible for them to furnish text- aggressive effort to clear the country books for poor students. The post-

NEWS FROM M:ANY LANDS

of all rivals of the Greek Orthodox supplying the latest information and system. The special hardships of t~e Ill:ost approved drugs to leper in- Baptists in Roumania were described stItutIOns, settlements and hospital. in the January REVIEW. (2) To support sound schemes of segregation, with the best treatment The Y. M. C. A. ill Estonia in countries where the great majority of the lepers can thus be dealt with THE Estonians, who were once in and the disease rapidly reduced, as in virtual serfdom under Russia and the West Indies, etc. T,rinidad has already set apart an island for this the. Baltic barons, recently celebrated purpose. (3) To collect information theIr seventh anniversary as a free and statistics and to issue bulletins of and independent nation. Out of Es- information to workers among lepers. tonia's war misfortunes have come (4) To support further researches on the promise of brighter and more both the etiology and treatment of prosperous days. She has made rapid leprosy w:ith a view to discovering progress economically and in political more effiCIent methoos of prevention and social adjustments. Education is and further to si~plify, shorten, and compulsory; the universities are cheapen the curatIve measures. The fact that the Oalcutta researches have crowded; technical and agricultural now proved that soluble products of at least five different oils, other than sc~ools 8fe well attended; suffirage is that of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus seeds, are; e~ective in leprosy, opens ~lllversal; ~he Reval harbor is being up an unlull1ted field of investiooation Improved; mternal industries as wen which may yet yield more efficient as ·foreign trade are being developed. and rapidly acting remedies even The Y. M.. O. A. work, which was than chaulmoogra derivatives. ?egun in 1920, is constantly expandmg. In the chief cities-Reval Dor- American Opium Plan pat and Tartu-are energetic' Associations giving the varied services 1. Restriction by producing counwhich compose an all-round program. tries of production of raw opium and In the university cities of Tartu and coca within the limits set by medical Dorpat extensive activities are being and scientific needs of the world. carried on among students. The attitude of people and Government to- 2. A. strong international central ward the Y. M. O. A. is friendly and board of supervision and control unhelpful. Not l(}ng ago in Reval a der the I.Jeague of Nations. campaign for Y. M. O. A. support exceeded its goal by nearly fifty per 3. Restriction of manufactured decent. Municipal authorities in the rivatives within the requirements of same city gave the "Y" a tract of medicine and science. land for an athletic field. The Government has offered ground for a 4. Perfecting a system now in opercamp site. ation of export and import certifi- cates. MISCELLANEOUS 5. An agreement between countries Leprosy in British Empire where opium smoking is temporarily permitted by which on a given date THE B.rit!sh Empire LeFosy Relief there will be one tenth reduction per ASSOCIatIOn, which was founded in annum for ten years, after which smoking opium will not be permitted. J.ugust, 1924, at a meeting in London 6. A system of licensing and rationpresided over by hLasoridssuOedhealmmsefmoord~ ing during the ten year period; prop- Viceroy of Ind ia, aganda to prevent new addicts; and proper treatment of addicts. randum regarding its medical policy.

This has four divisions: (1) To ex- tend the application of the improved methods of treatment as rapidly as possible throughout the Empire by

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Modern Turkey. A Politico·Economic In- a.re millions of people in the world, terpretation, 19008·1923 inclnsive, with of whom the Americans and English- Selected Chapters by Representative Au· . hh thorities. Eliot Grinnell Mears, M.B.A., men are leadmg types, w 0 ave F. R. Eeou. S. Illns., Maps, xvi, 779 pp. achieved a well-deserved reputation $6.00. New York. 1924. for fair play. This bo(}k is intended Had the author, with his scholastic for these' and other persons who are standing at h(}me and wide experience interested in the truth and are willing in the Near East, written this volume to reach conclusions only after both unaided, it couId not have failed to sides of each question have been p;rebe authoritative. As it is, he has sented….. The plan followed in called to his assistance eighteen 'Modern Turkey' has been to select specialists, American, European, and subjects of far-reaching importance Levantine, a group of writers .rarely and then assign the writing of them to equaled in 'the marshaling of experts representative authorities. Without in any publication except in such exception, the writers have been in works as "The Encyclopredia of Reli- Turkey and most o,f them have lived gion and Ethics." Mr. Mears' nine there. A unique feature is the number chapters are of the highest order, and of Turks who have contributed willhis 200 pages of Appendix matter- ingly to a book of this character."

bibliographies, chronology and the 99 The twenty-five "subjects of farpage index-add greatly to its value. reaching importance" are truly such, and their ramifications may be found A difference between this volume in the exhaustive Index. If our and other works upon Turkey is sug- readers desire to find a brief, authorgested by the author: "The purpose itative and down-to-date account of of this volume is (1) to set forth the the religions of the I,evant, Prof. contemporary problems in as simple Harvey Porter provides it; if our a fashion as possible, and (2) to give ladies ,,,ould gain a fair idea of presthat kind of a perspective on the con- ent-day womanhood in Turkey, Exfiicting factors underlying the politi- President Mary Mills Patrick, LL. D., co-economic life of Turkey which may of the Constantinople Woman's Colserve to il.'eveal both their relative lege, aids them in a most interesting values and their interrelation. Num- and authoritative manner; if our men erous writers dealing with the Levant wish to know about "The Turkish have been propagandists and stylists, Press," or "The Young Turk Movewho have devoted their efforts in the ment," two eminent Beys are our inpresentation of such well-known sub- formants; should our business men jects as Byzantine history, race, origin wish to know what future trade prosand development, religions of Asia, pects in. Turkey are chapters X-XVI; war operations, atrocities, harems, supply indirect and direct data on dogs, mosques and monasteries. They that point; should friends of Armenia have been informative intermediaries wish to investigate as to the truth in in helping to explain the East to the the case of Armenian questions, chap- Vest. . .. Few foreigners in Turkey ter XXIII is the source to be conor elsewhere can maintain a real dis.. suIted; and if Missions are to be interestedness. While no one wishes sampled, turn to the Index, "Missions to be considered 'faultily faultless, and Missionaries," and read the secicily regular, splendidly null,' there 431 tioIlS there indicated, remembering in and of their relation to theories of addition that one in seven of the au- personality. Portions of the material thorities contributing to the volume of this book have appeared in The is a missionary on the ground. In a Philosophical Review, The Monist and word such a work evokes one's high- The Rice Institute Pamphlet. (Dr.

est enthusiasm for its excellence as Tsanoff is Professor of Philosophy in one separates the wheat from the chaff the Rice Institute.) The author dis- among the books in this field of liter- cusses Materialism, the Doctrine of ature. H. p. B. Eternal RecuITence, Positivist Im- mortality, the Buddhist Doctrine of The Secret of the East. Observations and Karma, Immortality and Modern The- Interpretations. Oliver Huekel. rllustrated. 368 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. ology, Ethical Arguments for Immor- tality, and iinds in the history of An intelligent and rather discursive tourist here reports observations philosophy a rational basis for a view made while on a leisurely trip around of human destiny which if it does not the world. Most of the chapters were point certainly to personal immortalprepared as lectures to popular audi- ity, at least would seem to justify the hope of immortality on the ground of ences. 'l'here are accolmts of Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, antecedent probability. CandidlY, Java, Burma, India, the Holy Land, he regards personal immortality still and Greece. The author gives his as an unsolved problem. To those who main attention, however, tD Japan, do not accept the Christian Gospel, China and India. He has read widely, perhaps this is the best approach to particularly in the field of religion, the question, "If a man die, shall he and is chiefly interested in these live again f" One of the most valuphases of the cultures of the East. able chapters of this book is a study He is frankly Christian in his outlook of recent British idealism, though the and has warm sympathy for the work main argument is in the closing chapof missions. He would probably per- ter on Value, Personality and Destiny. mit the adjective "liberal" to be ap- Only the philosophical thinker is plied to his theological views. likely to be helped by such a line of reasoning. Its conclusion-if conclu- There is nothing particularly re- sion it can be said to reach-is essenmarkable or original about the book. tially summed up in such a pro- There are pleasant descriptions of nouncement as this: "Man's vision of what are seen by almost all intelligent God is the concrete expression of his travelers who follow the beaten tour- effort to utter the supreme in value. ist paths in Asia. There are, also, . . Whenever divine discontent stirs extensive summaries of the author's a man to reach out for the better and reading on some phases of the reli- truer and more beautiful, the Divine gions of China, Japan, and India. is affirmed and is recognized ….• These summaries are on the whole Its worship is the radiance of a forfairly accurate, although the author ward-piercing glancing, the radiant is inclined to give more credence to sense of the infinite, eternal, eveil'- the theory that Mahayana Buddhism present Beyond." was influenced by Christianity than c. c. A.

the facts walTant. The most interest- Whither Bound in Missions. D. .I: Fleming chapter is, perhaps, the report of ing. 8 va. 222 pp. Paper $1.00. New York. •an hour's visit with Gandhi. K. s. L. The author is already well known The Problem of Immortality. Studies in from his previous books. He here sets Personality and Value. .R. A. Tsanoff. out to show that missionary methods 8vo. 381 pp. Notes and Index. $3.00. need to be changed. This is no doubt New York. 1924. true, but it. does not apply t() mis- A philosophical study of the most sionary ideals. Apostolic power and significant theories of human destiny methods bring apostolic results today, Dr. Fleming's thoughtful arguments attractive and successful chapters of and suggestions are helpful and sound. The evils or weaknesses that modern missionary history. From he would correct are not inherent in the enterprise yesterday or today but the building of the Martyr Memorial are due to human f,railty or to a depa.rture from Christ's spirit and teach- Churches in 1863 to the Centenary of ings. For example, few Christians will defend the exhibition of a sense the London Mission the main events of superiority by missionaries in dealing with natives of non-Christian and development of the Malagasy lands. There is need for recognizing the good in all peoples and the real Church pass before us. J. R. contribution they may make to the Christian Church. There is also need Conferences of Christian Workers Among for recognizing the weaknesses and Moslems. 1924. 8vo. 152 pp. New non-Christian elements in Western York. civilization. It seems to many that the age of "authority" has passed Conferences of Christian workers and that logic and the results of a among Moslems in the Near East were philosophy of life are the evidences held last year at Jerusalem' (Palesdemanded'. Other changes advocated tine), Constantine (Algeria), Helwan refer to the divided Church, the mis- (Egypt) ,Brumana (Syria) and Baghsionary control of the national dad (Iraq). Most of these conferchurches, and emphasis on intensive ences were presided over by Dr. John work as contrasted with extensive ef- R. Mott and were attended by misfort. The book is thoughtful and sionaries, secretaries and others most worth reading. It grows out of ex- interestf)d in the work. They took up perience and study. such topics as occupation of the field, evangelization, the church, education, Fifty Years in Madagascar. Personal Ex- literature, leadership, medical work, periences of Mission Life and Work. social work, cooperation and the James Sibree. 353 pp. $4.00. Boston. spiritual dynamic. The basis of the 1924. discussions was a series of questions sent out in advance to the mission- The author went to Madagascar in aries. The findings gather the con- 1863 and worked there for forty-two sensus of opinion of those present at years. Since returning to England the conferences and should be studied he has visited the island several times by every missionary worker. The on deputations. He is therefore par- population of the Moslem world is ticularly well qualified to write on estimated at 234,814,989, four fifths Malagasy missions. A number of his of whom are increasingly accessible to books have found a wide circulation the Christian missionary approach. in the English-speaking world. The This is cspecially true of British Inpresent volume combines in a very dia, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, interesting way personal experiences Mesopotamia, Cbina, the Balkans, and with a good deal of the missionary Africa (except possibly Northern Nihistory of the island, and to some ex- geria) . The practically unoccupied tent the striking political events of areas include Afghanistan, Central the past fifty years. It is easily un- and Western Arabia, Turkestan and derstood, though regretted by most parts of Siberia, Bokhara, Socotra, readers, that he is very careful in his Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Tripoli, report on the dealings of the French French Sudan, Morocco, the Sahara, colonial government since their con- and Eastern Malay Peninsula-a quest of the island. total population of about 36,000,000 The book is a fine and comprehen- people. sive introduction to one of the most The most effective means of eV3jl- gelization are by literature, medical missions and Christian educational work. The situation calls insistently upon the Church in the homelands to undertake this difficult task with greater energy, devotion and faith.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1922

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Please mentint THJt MrsS10NARY RltVIlW OF THlt WOR1.D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1922 Page FRO~TISPIECE ………….. CHINESE GRANITE ARCH IN HONOI< OF AMERICANS EDfTORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………….. .

CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN FRIEND- THE CHURCH AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS COOPERATIO~ A1IONG HOME MISSION SHIP FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERE~CE EXECUTIVES 'rIlE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITy ……………… By HARLAN P. BEACH 93 The findings of a social Slll'j'CY of Peking shown by map8, rliotog1'aphs, and rcrorts of investigators.

F011WARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA ………….. By A. A. FULTON 101 Evidences of the progress of Christianity and the Development of the Chinese Christian Ch1lrch as seen in the work of the last twenty-five years in Southern China.

ACHTEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS …… By FRANKLIN J. CLARK 107 A story of the world-wide w01'k of the Protestant EZ,iscol'al Church as con· ducted by the Domestic and Foreign Mis8ionary Society, illustrated with pliotographs of "adous fields and types of W'01"Ic.

THE CAUSE OF CHAKGES IN KOREA …….. By REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS 115 A visitor's impres.'I'ioli of the new del'e/opments in Korea both relig'io"s and political.

THE JAPANESE VIEW OF CHRISTIA::-<ITY TN JAPAN .. By DR. TAKUMA DAN 119 An address delivered at a reccption to Japanese business nlen in New York City.

'l'IIE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM ___ … ' _…. By ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN 20 A part of the great unfinished task of the Christian Ch"rah in America de· scribed by pen and picture as seen by a visitor to the mountain regions of the Southern H,jghlands.

}<'ROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY ……………… By HUBERT G. STACEY 127 The personal story of a stoker in the B"it'ish Navy who was converted in China and later went as a misGionary to soldiers in India.

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Brains and belief often go together- Most Christian people to-day are 110t getthough some would have us believe they do ting their work done in a satisfying way. not. Some of the world's greatest Bible Either they are attempting too much, or scholars are to-day making masterly con- they han not learned how to organize their tributions in defense of "the faith once for time and strength. There are Christian all delivered." The Sunday School Times men and women who are solving this probbrings you the most illuminating lindings of: lem in their own experience, The answers to the question will be gi vell by SIR. WII.LlAM ,VI. RAMSAY. D.O., D.C.L., LL,D., Litt.D., the greatest living archeo- The Busy Christian Mother logical authority in :'ew Testament lields. The Christian Business Man PROFIlSSOR ROBERT DICK VILSOK. Ph.D., Th ~ Busy City PastJr D.O., master of twenty-six languages. The Busy Country Pastor The Crowded Christian College Student PROFESSOR :MIll.YIN CRO'" Kn.TS. D.O., The Christian Girl in Business L1.D.. the Times' .rcheological Editor, just back from a trip through Bible lands. Live Ways of Working THE RB·. W. H. CRIFFITII TnoM.s, 0,0.. Yith its new "Vays of Working" Editor, formerly of Oxford, Eng., who can "deal Hugh Cork, whose experience as an allwith the most subtle difficulties of scien- rOllnd Sunday-school practical man and extific and theological thought, and at the pert is so notable, the Times is prepared to same time present a message fitted to the give its readers the richest program in its understanding and heart of a little child," history for making the local Sunday-school successful. In addition to descriptions of PROFBSSOR A. T. ROBERTSON, Th.M., D.D., successful methods of work in almost every LL.D., a recognized authority the world issue, the following features will appear around on the Creek of the :'ew Testament. from time to time: Archeology's Thrills "QUESTION BOXES FOR SUNDAY·SCHOOL WORKERS)" by Sunday-school experts. Think of digging up, or deciphering, something several thousand years old that WORLD·WIDE SUNDAY·SCHOOL NEWS agrees exactly with the Bible! The arche- OBJECT LESSONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ologists keep on doing this-and draling PARENTS' PROBLEMS drafh-himcs to thc dcnials of the Higher PRIZE CONTESTS ON Critic iSI/l , Professor :YIelvin r;rove Kyle, D.D.. L1.D.. conducts the Times' depart- How I Prepare My Lesson for Teaching ment of ".rcheology and the Bihle" He How I Teach the Lesson in Class went again to Palestine and Egypt in 1921, What Makes a Good County Oonvention 1 gathering the latest news of exploration Wha.t the Convention Did for Onr School without tlte hindering presencc of the lurk. How We Won and Held a Large Attendance His department keeps you posted. Lesson Helps That Help Your Reserve Teaching Material You will find nothing in The Sunday School Times' lesson helps that shakes one's faith in the Bible. There are more than a dozen different treatments of the lesson in Constantly you find the need of informa- written by men and women who know that tion, do you not, when preparing a Sunday- the whole Bible is the Word of God. school lesson for teaching, that is llot given even in the every-week lesson-help in the The simplest way to gai1l all this richness is to 'Use Times or elsewhere' It is to meet this at once the "Get-AcqllaintedH offer b)· which many , need that the Times secures its now famous tl10llsaHds ha't'c come to know The Sunday School "sidelights" on the lessons from the world's Times. This coupon is for ),OIlY con1.'effience. BlIt greatest Bible teachers. On the rich lC)22 don't let the COUpOH limit SOli. Any number of "Get- Old Testament lessons: A(qllai~ltcd" slIbscriptiollS accepted at same rate.

Miracles: What They Were, and Why Our "Get-Acquainted" offer-IO weeks for 25c Did Elisha Get His "Double Portion" 1 The Sunday School Times Co. 17 Were There Two Isaia.hs t Is God's Word Perfect and Unbreakable 1 Box 1550, Phila.delphla, Pa.

The lews' Exile, Then and Now For the 25 cents encJo."ed please send The Sun- The Jews' Restoration, Past and Future day School Times for IO weeks to The Meaning of Ezekiel'. Prophecy Xamc Daniel and the Higher Critics The Gr9&t Image and the World To·day The Glory of God's Temples The Walls of Jerusalem Address Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY REVIEW OJ/" 'rHt: VORLD in writing to ;]'flvertisers. Important New IE EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Missionary Books CHAT THE CZECHO-SLOVAKS IN THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION BOARDS At the annual meetJngs of the Home Mis- AMERICA . KENNETH D. MILLER sions Conncil, the Council of Women for Prepared under the direction of the Inter-Church Home Missions, the Foreign Missions Con- World MoYement, and published for the Home ference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions there was evi- Missions Council and the Council of Women dent a very encouraging spirit of friendly for Home Missions cooperation with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Resolutions were adopted This is the first volume of the NEW AMERICANS asking the Home and Foreign Mission Boards to cooperate financially to maintain SERIES of racial groups. It shows in brief outHne the the REVIEW and suggesting ways in which these Boards can help to increase the circusocial, economic and reHgious background of the Czecho- lation and to make the REVIEW a still greater power in promoting the missionary cause. Slovaks. An authoritative, compact handbook for study The Home Missions Council appointed the class ~lse. 12mo. Net $I.OO following members on a special committee to cooperate with the REVIEW: Dr. Charles L. THE BOOK OF MISSIONARY White, of the American Baptist Home Mis- sion Society; Dr. A. W. Anthony, Execu- HEROES BASIL MATHEWS tive Secretary of the Home Missions Coun- cil; Dr_ Ralph Welles Keeler, Director of Author of "THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH" the Bureau of Publicity of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Realistic stories of daring deeds of the great mission~ry Church Extension; and Rev. Wm. S. Beard, Secretary of Promotion of the Congregaheroes, by a master of the art of entertaining and in· tional Home Missionary Society, and Dr. F. C. Stephenson, Young People's Departfluencing the youthful reader. Izmo. Net. $1.50 ment Secretary of the Methodist Church in Canada. JOHN MACKENZIE The Douncil of Women for Home Missions w. DOUGLASS MACKENZIE, D.D., LL.D. voted to use tbree pages per month in the REVIEW for their Home Mission Bulletin and This brief, compact life of the great African missionary appointed as their special committee on the by his son, President Mackenzie of Hartford Theologica1 Editorial Council, Miss Florence E. Quinlin, Seminary, will be a very welcome addition to the list Executive Secretary of the Council of Womof popular missionary biographies. en for Home Missions, and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd of the American Baptist Home Mis- Boards. With portrait frontispiece. I2mo. Net $ .60 sions Society.

A GENTLEMAN IN PRISON The Foreign Missions Conference at its Atlantic City meeting devoted nearly a half TOKICHI ISHII hour to the presentation of the REVIEW and its service to the Foreign Missionary cause. Translated by Caroline Macdonald. With Introduc_ The following members were appointed from tion by Rev. John Kelman, D.D. the Conference and the Federation of Wom- an's Boards of Foreign Missions to repre- The amazing confessions of a Japanese criminal awaiting sent them on the Editorial Council: Rev. Wm. P. Schell, Secretary of the Presbyexecution in prison. A remarkable testimony to the terian Board of Foreign Missions; Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, President of the saving power of the Gospel. Izmo. Net $r.75 Northern Baptist Convention; Rev. Frank- lin J. Clark, Secretary of the Presiding PROBLEMS IN PAN Bishop and Council of the Protestant Epis- copal Church; Rev. Enoch F. Ben, Editorial AMERICANISM Secretary of the American Board; Dr. James C. Joy, Editor of the Christian Advo- SAMUEL GUY INMAN cate and a member of the Board of For- eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Author of "INTERVENTION IN MEXICO," etc. Church; Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Assistant Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board Mr. Inman speaks with the authority gained by long years of Foreign Missions and Rev. L. B. Wolf, of experience and travel in Latin America. Probably this Secretary of the United Lutheran Board of is the first adequate and exhaustive treatment of every Foreign Missions. phase of the relations between the United States and the twenty Latin-American Republics. 12mo. Net $2.00 There is great encouragement in the spirit of cooperation evidenced by these missionary AT YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOK STORE executives and it is hoped that the REVIEW will not only be strengthened financially and GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY that its value will be increased by an im- provement in the quality and diversity of its 244 Madison Avenue New York contents.

PI,ease mention Tu'lt MISSIONARY RltVIJtW OF 'tHJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers. A Long Way To Go The Goal The Combined Budget of the Boards of Foreign Missions for the year end.. ing March 31st, as approved by the Executive Commission, amount to $3,960,000.

The Progress From April 1st, 1921 to January 16th, 1922, the total receipts from living Made donors towards this Budget were only $1,448,026.

From January 16th, to March 31st measures 74 days, within this time the Board must reach its Goal-It must The Distance receive $2,511,974.

to Travel If the Goal is not reached your mis.. Act-Now sionaries and the work they are doing I will suffer.

If you are a Church Treasurer and have not remitted all the funds in your '" hands, do it now!

If, as an individual member of the Presbyterian Church you can make a special contribution Mail a check today to DWIGHT H. DAY, Treasurer Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. s. A.

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A GRAN1 ' I' E AHCH ERECTED IN CHINA TO CEMEKT FRIEND SH I P WlTH AMERICA (See Duge 87)

FEBRUARY, 1922

XLV TWO CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN "FRIENDSHIP A BEAUTIFULLY carved granite arch (see frontispiece) has recently been erected near Chefoo, North East China, by a wealth~' Chinese merchant, Liu Dze Heng, in token of his gratitude for help received from an American Consul and because of his friendship for Americans. Mr. Liu has placed on the arch an inscription which reads: "Dedicated to and erected in honor of the citizens of the United States of America, our friends across the sea. May there be eternal peace between the two peoples. Liu Dze Heng. September 1921." The arch is at the entrance to a school which is now in process of erection and will train Chinese for enlightened service in the interests of better citizenship and world peace.

This is only one of the many bonds that cement China and America. First come the missionaries who for the past one hundred and fifteen years have devoted their lives to the enlightenment and salvation of China. Not only have thousands of Christian men and women given up home and kindred to carry the Gospel to China, but hundreds of them have laid down their lives ill service for the Chinese. Their sacrifice has not been in vain as is shown by the eminent Chinese who have heen trained in Christian schools an~l are now serving their country in the interests of peace and progress. 'rhree members of the Chinese delegation to the ,Yashington Conference are graduates of an American mission school, St. John's Episcopal College, Shanghai. They are Dr. Sao Ke Alfred Sze, Dr. V. K. ,Yellington ICoo, and Dr. C. H. -Waug. The latter is a Christian. Dr. Sze, the Chinese minister to the Fnited States, and a graduate of Cornell University, said recently in regard to Chinese American friendship: "One of the most gratifying phases of our participation in the Conference on Limitation of Armament and Pacific Far Eastern 87

Problems has been the realization that the American people are so wholeheartedly behind the aims and ideals of the Conference. It is this cordial friendship of the American people and their intense desire to promote a peaceful settlement of difficulties between nations that make us optimistic of this Conference as an important milestone on the road to universal peace. China owes much to the people of the United States. The first treaty between the United States and China made more than half century ago was unique among documents of those times in that it pledged the assistance of America to Ohina in case our country should ever need same. It is our hope now that the Oonference, in settling many of the problems of the Pacific, will mark the beginning of a new era in our commercia I relations.

"It is, however, in the realms of education and ethics that China owes most to the American people. The return of the surplus of the American share of the Boxer indemnity has enabled China to use this large fund for the education of her young men and women in the institutions of learning in the United States. On the other hand the educational work conducted in Ohina through direct contact, by the various educational institutions and missionary bodies of America, has been of such great benefit to China that it is beyond mere words fo express. I refer especially to the many institutions of higher educatIon maintained in China by the missionary organizations and to the medical educational work being conducted by the Rockefeller Institute at Peking. These are the elements of Western culture which have given China a real insight into Western civilization and have shown us that 'Western scientific advancement means more than guns and battleships and engines of destruction.

"The churches have done a great deal for China and the Chinese people. Of the three principal delegates sent to the Washington Conference, Dr. Wang, who is a Christian, Dr. Koo and myself have attended St. John's College at Shanghai, an institution maintained and managed by American missionaries. And so personally all of us have a good idea of the influence of the Ohurch in China.

"In the field of international politics, the American Open Door Doctrine has given us hope and protection during our period of transition from an ancient monarchial form of government to that of a modern republic based upon the enlightened consent of our people. The example of the United States will always stand out to us as a shining light in the path of progress."

The next natural step which China must take is to secure internal harmony and unselfish patriotism among officials. The secret of good government is loyalty to Almighty God and the secret of peace and good will among men is acknowledgment of Jesus Christ as the divine Lord and Saviour of men.

1922J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERENCE As WE look back over a period of twenty-eight years we realize the progress that has been made in interdenominational coop- eration and in a united study and solution of missionary problems. When the .first Foreign Missions Oonference was held in New York, some of the officers were personally acquainted with each other but each Board was viewing its task as a unit and its responsibility was more or less disassociated from the work of other evangelical agencies. Today the Foreign Missions Oonference is a council at which the tasks and the problems are studied as a whole, plans are made for cooperative work and an effort is made for effective division of labor. The Oommittee of Reference and Council, with its headquarters and its General Secretary in New York, acts in behalf of all the cooperating Boards of North America and through its subcommittees studies the cultivation of the Home Church, religious work for Anglo-American Communities in foreign ports, the relation of missions and governments, missionary preparation and Christian literature. Statistics are also gathered, a research library is maintained and various conferences are held to deal with the special needs and problems of Latin America, India, Ohina, Moslem Lands, Medical Missions, Agricultural and Industrial Missions and other topics. These conferences and this cooperation have lead to great advance in the occupation of the .field and the improvement of methods such as could not have been attained by individual action. The smaller Boards especially benefit by the experience of larger Boards.

The Foreign Missions Conference in Atlantic Oity (January 11 to 13) brought together representatives of practically all the evangelical Foreign Missions Boards. The general theme discussed was "The National Consciousness of Peoples in Mission Lands and Its Effects in the Development of the Ohurch Today." Ample time was given for a consideration of the subject in all its phases. While there were many minor differences of opinion, the general conviction seemed to be that the time has come when the native leadership in the mission churches must be more adequately recognized. In Japan, Korea, China and India particularly the native Christians are demanding a more decisive voice in Ohurch affairs and are asking that the missionaries either a.ct as advisers on an equal basis or devote themselves to educational, evangelistic and literary work. In some lands, like India, the growing national consciousness seems at times in danger of obscuring the broader Christian consciousness of the people. It was the general conviction that the native Christians should be allowed and encouraged to increase their control of their own churches as fast as they can develop leadership and can assume the responsibility without too great detriment to the work.

Special topics brought up for discussion included the needs of

neglected Haiti and Santo Domingo, the practically untouched 2,000,- 000 nomadic people in Mongolia, the educational needs of equatorial Africa, a more adequate cultivation of the Home Church and the adjustment of missionary salaries and allowances to secure the most effective service. Committees were appointed to consider plans for establishing work in Mongolia, Central Africa and other unoccupied fields and to bring to the attention of the American people the existing conditions in Haiti and Santo Domingo. The President elected for the next annual meeting is Dr.•James Endicott, Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Canada.

During the past year the Committee of Reference and Council has undertaken many important tasks-includiug cooperation in the formation of the International Missionary Council, the survey of Christian literature in Moslem Lands, the publication of "Missionary Ammunition" for pastors; the sending of an educational commission to China; conferences with various governments concerning missions in the Far East and in Mexico; the appointment of suitable men for consular and diplomatic positions, the opium traffic, problems in Portuguese East Africa, and New Guinea; China famine relief and missionary passports.

COOPERATION AMONG HOME MISSION EXECUTIVES F OURTEEN years ago the officers of Protestant Home Mission Boards first met in New York to study ways by which they could . learn from each others experience and could cooperate more effectively to win America to Christ. There was then much denominational rivalry in country towns, on western frontiers and in other home mission fields. This involved waste and sometimes fostered un- Christian jealousy. At the same time large areas aud special classes in America were neglected; there was no agreement as to the best methods by which foreigners and other classes could be reached, and there was practically no cooperative interdenominational work.

Today the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women fOl' Home Missions have headqnarters and Executive Secretaries in New York. Their special committees stndy the special problems connected with work in Alaska, for Indians, in cities, industrial centers and on frontiers, among Mormons, Spanish Americans, Hebrews, Orientals and other foreigners, among Migrant workers, Negro Americans, and in town and country communities. Recently a special department has been formed to study the recruiting of the Home Mission forces. Since these annual conferences were first held the money spent in Home Missions has more than doubled. The total appropriation reported for 1920 by sixty societies amounted to $23,135,601. The work has included many new fields and new methods have been employed to reach the unevangelized and the uneducated.

COlI1vIEN'I'

Preceding the recent New York meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions (January 8 to 11) a special conference was held to discuss Christian work among Negroes in the United States. Able addresses were given by both white and Negro leaders dealing with education, the Negro church and community, recruiting and training the Negro ministry, and interracial and interdenominational good will and cooperation.

The two Councils, of men and women, at their annual meeting held both joint and separate sessions to discuss the reports of the various committees. As a result of recommendations, a special com- mittee was appointed to investigate the need for religious literature for the blind, another to study the question of the standardization of Home Missionary salaries; and the enlargement of the work of the recruiting committee was advocated; group and national conferences on Indian work were approved; the Councils voted for cooperation with the REVIEW in maintainence and in its efforts to promote the work of Home Missions; another committee was appointed to co- operate with similar committees of the Foreign Missions Conference to study North American responsibility in Haiti and Santo Domingo.

Among the most interesting and noteworthy reports was that on Alaska, where an effort is heing made to divide the territory among denominational agencies so as to provide more adequately for its evangelization without waste or overlapping of effort. During thc past year plans have been made by the United States Government to unify and centralize the political responsibility and plans are under way also for the unification of religious responsibility. Interdenom- inational conferenccs are to be held in Alaska next year for this pur- pose. .

The Committee on Comity and Cooperation, through whose efforts such a notable survey was made in ~folltana, report that similar sur- veys should be made in other states but that the necessary funds are 1lOt available. There are lllany fields in which there should be read- jUFltments, some denominations withdrawing and others expanding.

This is 11articularly true in the work among Orientals in California.

The Roman Catholic Church is evidencing the benefits of unification in San Francisco while Protestants exhibit the disadvantage of small forces and scattered centers of work. Missions to American Indians show the great benefit of a thorough study and a positive program.

New fields have been entered and in old centers the work has been strengthened. Religious work directors have been placed in some non-reservation schools but many Indians are still beyond the reach of the Gospel.

Progress has been made in caring for the New Americans, es- pecially in providing foreign-language literature for them; with the cooperation of the new immigration commissioner, Mr. Todd, reli- g-ious services are being provided at Ellis Island. The" General

Oommittee on Immigrant Aid" is composed of representatives of thirty-two religious and social organizations. More than 3,750,000 Hebrews live in North America, only one-tenth of whom are in touch with synagogues. This people of God's ancient covenant are almost entirely neglected by Ohristians. Evidently there are still large and difficult tasks ahead of the Church before America can claim to be Ohristian.

THE OHUROH-AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS A N increased spirit of cooperation was evidenced in the meet- ing of the Executives of the Federal Council of Ohurches in Chicago last December. The aggressive activities and the useful publications of the various committees of the Oouncil in connection with the war, religious reconstruction in Europe, relations with Ohina and Japan, the Orientals in America, industrial justice, unemployment and disarmament have won the approval and cooperation of many churches and individuals.

At the recent conference the discussion related largely to questions of world brotherhood and cooperation among the nations in which the churches are realizing their responsibility and oppor- (unities as never before.

The" General Declaration" took for granted that the Ohurch, while it cannot define in detail the political methods and institutions by which war shall be ended, yet has a duty to state clearly the moral principles that underlie all international relationships and to insist that lawmakers, diplomats and all who represent government shall see that these relationships are founded upon Ohristian ethics. The nations must go further than the mere abolishing of battleships and land armaments. They must remove the causes of war and recognize as governing principle the teachings of Ohrist.

The Oouncil urged that each student body establish a committee on international justice and good-will for cooperation with the ~"'ederal Council; that the city church federations establish similar commissions for federation; that theological schools and seminaries be urged by their denominational authorities to provide adequate courses for their students in international problems and recommends that these schools open special courses for laymen wherein these problems may be elucidated and training for service along international lines be given.

These are all important subjects on which Ohristians as such and as citizens naturally have convictions and responsibility. IVe may not shirk our obligations but in giving large attention to these problems we must not neglect the chief work of the church for the spiritual salvation and training of men in spiritual life and service.

ONJ1 U~' PJ1KING'S SMELLS-PART OF THE "SEWER SYSTEM" OF

CITY. THE NIGHT SOIL OF THE CITY IS COLLECTED IN WHEELBARROWS.

TAKEN OUTSIDE THE CITY WALL AND DRlED FOR FERTILIZER The Secrets of a Chinese City* Revealed by the Social Survey of Peking "DREVIEWED BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEWHAVEN, CONN. EDicATED to the missionaries whose work has made this study possible" is a novel note for a scientific survey of a famous city of the Orient. The presence of a scholarly sociological specialist in every part of Peking for months; snapping his graflex upon all phases of its social and even political life ; interviewing every variety of its cosmopolitan inhabitants; rallying to his assistan0e not only the oldest and most experienced missionaries, but officials of the new-old capital as well; calling in the services of Chrif:'- .tian church members who carried on an intensive social survey in the very heart of the ancient city; going out into the churches of the same capital to report results as the survey began to assume form, and surprising the residents with facts and arguments based upon it; arousing in Christian and non-Christian groups of young men and women of the student class a desire to undertake many things to amelliorate conditions-this is what the present writer saw going on for months in 1919. Now that practical young Christian, Sidney D. Gamble and his fellow-worker, John Stewart Burgess of the Peking Young Men '8 Christian Association, have given the world a multitude of facts derived from their survey. Even the casual reader can- *Pbotographic plates are taken by permission from Peking a SociaL Survey} by Sidney D. Gamble, assisted by .Jobn Stewart Burgess. Published by George H. Doran Co., New York. $5.00.

93

THE MISSIONARY nEVIEW OJ!' 'rIm WORLD

AMERICAH MISSION {F •C a III tP METHODIST MISSiON Pa •P o •P P C MISSIONARY WORK A Norm~1 School K – Kindergarten ® – North China Union Women's College B – Bible Training School • – Bible Women's Training &hool L – language School v – Commercial School c – Compound . , Middle School w – Med;cal College • – Cliapel I) – Girl" Middle School e – Women's Medical College * -o – American Bible Society N – Nurses' Traininj School I – C.toolic College British and Foreign Bible Society ~ – Nurses' Training School (Female) Y – Blind School E – catholic Seminary z – Union Church F – Dispensary 0- Orphanage G – Catholic Press t- Church M – Hospital I – Old Men's Home '1'- C.lholiC Church P – Primary School v- Y.M.C.A, * – Women's Hospital D – Girls' Primary School Q – Catholic Convent 0- Y,W.C.A. 1 – Chinese Independent Church R – International Reform Bureau J – Kindergarten Training School S – Salvation Army x – Theological Seminary (Catholic) c. – English Methodist T – Women's Christian Temperance Union u – Pekine: University t – Catholic Chapel cl – Independent c~ – AssembliiJS of God c, Seventh Day Adventist Cr Enellsh Baptl~t .,.. – Russian Greek Church (gl- Theological Seminary (Protestant), 'V – Student Y.M.C.A. • Student Y.w.C.A,

'fHE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY 9

..*.. * * * .. * B x .. Ire * x X·B * •x o •ox XB ., x 0 *.,x x .*• x ,x•, x *x ., .8.. BoX. X X• xX x• … ,* • •0 • – An -169 TEMPLES .. – Kuan -29 * – Mosque -24 • – Miao -358 B – Buddhist Reform Society -33 x – Ssu -296 A-Tang and Tzu -76 NOTE: Mosques and Reform Society Headquarters all shown, but only about one third of other places of worship not fail to be interested and the professional sociologist and missionary student secretary who wishes to know the particular social needs of an Oriental city is placed under special obligation by "Pekinga Social Survey" the first adequate volume of this sort dealing with a Far-Eastern capital.

A map of Peking', in six slightly differing outlines, superimposed one upon another, shows the growth of the city from the earliest capital of Ch'i, established in 1121 B. C. and destroyed in 221 B. C., down through four other slight shiftings of location, up to the present-day Peking, founded by a Ming Emperor in 1368 A. D. Antiquity surely is here, and the chapter 0]1 the city's history is most interesting. The chapter describing the capital's environment and life is of absorbing interest. Half-tones show the mule litter-a box slung between

two mules-and one of Peking's 4,198 springless, indestructible carts. There is no picture of any of its 17,000 rickshaws, nor of its 700 automobiles, to show the modern substitutes for these ancient vehicles. The half-tones of students haranguing street audiences and their arrest in consequence allures one to read about the stormy student strike of 1919 against certain governmental acts. The dulness of statistics of popUlation is relieved by learning that the average population per square mile within the city walls is 33,626, while in Cincinnati it is 8,260 and in Boston it is 15,600. Look upon the Massachusetts city from the capitol on Beacon Hill and, except for the Commons and Public Gardens, one sees only a mass of buildings ranging from three or four stories to the multitudinous sky-scrapers. In Peking from the tower of the Presbyterian High School one may look out upon nearly twenty-five square miles of flat land occupied by its 932,557 inhabitants and see scarcely anything except one-story buildings embosomed in a vast forest of trees. If the eye could reach the southern section of the Chinese city, as contrasted with the northern, which used to be given up to the Manchus, it would rest upon farms and gardens near the ancient parks containing the Altar of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture, with a population of from 6,000 to 12,000. Within a mile or two to the north, there is a stretch of buildings between the Chinese and Tartar cities which house from 72,000 to 83,800 people per square mile. This is the district where most of the business-including houses of ill-fame-is concentrated. Though the density of population is far greater there than' in cities of the same size in America, the average number of persons per house in Peking is only 4.9 as compared with Philadelphia's 5.2 and Boston's 9.1. Incidentally we learn that among the foreigners resident in the capital, Japan leads other nations with 595, while America stands next with 281 and the British follow with 230.

The chapter on health is of value, though not strictly required for a social study. The health conditions of Peking today, as compared with a generation ago, are almost unbelievably improved. What was the "dirtiest city in the world" has become a city outwardly as clean as most in America and vastly better than Naples and Some other European cities before the War. One statement which has always been surprising to the better informed reader, namely, that China with its unequalled population has only one insane asylum (established by Dr. Kerr in Canton), is shown not to be true, for a second asylum is referred to as having been established in Peking in 1912, and more permanently housed in 1918. The introduction of better sewerage, of a purer water supply, of a regulated scavenger system under the Fertilizer Guild, of street cleaning and watering, and of hospital service, has been crowned by the imposing Rockefeller

THE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY

Foundation China Medical Board's plant, costing over $7,000,000. These improvements account for the improved health of the city.

Education in Peking has grown by leaps and bounds during recent years, until now 48,000 young men and boys are studying there, besides 7,000 female students. "When it is remembered that modern education did not really begin in China until 1905, the building of this new educational system stands out as one of the great educational STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS, JUNE 4 AND 5, 1919. PART OF A NATION- WIDE MOVEMENT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT AND THE SHANTUNG AWARD achievements of history, particularly as the country has been so disturbed with revolution and political turmoil." One of t1.e queftionable movements in education has its fountain in Peking. The Renaissance Movement, starting there in 1919, aimed "to save the nation through science and democracy, with the objectives of destroying the harmful features of the old family, economic and political system and then build up a new society." Most of these are laudable features, but unfortunately the necessary intellectual equipment for this task is believed to be found in mastering the writings of European and American democratic or socialistic leaders, many of whom are decidedly agnostic or anti-Christian.

Work and play in Peking are fully discussed as is the city's commerciallife. The guild of the old regime is gradually giving way to the modern chamber of commerce and business men will find the chapter on this subject most interesting reading, just as the traveler finds a fascination in visiting the vast expanse of the Tung An Shih Ch'ang, where shops housed under one roof sell all manner of curious goods. The iniquitous octroi system of taxation, which prevents the entrance of raw materials, has so crippled Peking manufactures

that most of such work is done in port cities where there is greater freedom of trade.

The" Recreation" chapter is unique almost in China, where the proverbial expression, "Climbing a tree to hunt for fish" suggests the impossibility of finding time for amusement in the ordinary busy life. Another axiom, "No work is two fairies," is expressive of the double joy that would come should leisure actually fall to one's lot. Yet this chapter is suggestive of an Oriental" Coney Island" transported to Peking with theaters, movies, story-telling, temple market festivals, horse racing, bird fiying, card and table games, and a superlative felicity·of restaurants. We also see the change from the old days when the proverb ran, "The fifth and sixth moons,-time for taking a bath," since now we have the" amusement" of bath houses all the year around. There are also pool and billiards, recreation centers, modern athletics, and other forms of amusement which prove that no longer does "All work and no play make Jack (Chinaman) a dull boy." The wonderful Central Park is a great center of this strange new life, and the glaring electric White Way between the Tartar and Chinese city is the lure of nights.

The social evil in Peking is saddening. In the old days, open prostitution was never in evidence in the city but the new civilization, introduced with the founding of the Republic in 1912, has brought the brothel and its gay lights before the public. Of Peking's population 63.5 per cent are male and with no home life to hold them in check, the sudden wave of license is explainable, though most lamentable. Happily in rural China, as a foreign trained Chinese doctor says, "The moral standards of the Chinese regarding sex have been very high. Conditions in the distant country districts to-day are much the same as they were 5,000 years ago … " But the statement of another Chinese official needs to be added, when discussing city conditions: "First-class public women are not considered as under social condemnation, but are given the honorable designation of 'teacher.' Very few wives are against the practice to the point of strenuous objection. Some wives even entertain the better class of prostitutes … To patronize a high class public house, or to be able to purchase a famous girl for a concubine is a mark of distinction in Peking." One of the pathetic aspects of the case is the fact that students away from home, or those coming from families in the city where sisters and mothers are illiterate, often go to the brothel only for the purpose of conversing with the better educated inmates. A prostitute who is a brilliant conversationalist is often the center of a group of such students as they chat together for hours.

This chapter also shows the other side of the shield, the efforts made to combat the evil by the "Door of Hope" and by Mr. Frank

1922J THE SECRE'l'S OF A CHINESE CITY

Yung T 'ao's "Social Reform Association," whose membership rose to 17,000 within four years.

Poverty in Peking is cared for by philanthropy to an increasing degree; the old beggary, when on a cold night many would freeze to death on the streets, is being aided by soup kitchens and one full meal a day. There are also orphanages where boys are taug'ht trades, and an industrial home where girls learn embroidery and other arts.

Reform schools, poorhouses, old propJe's homes, and charity work- shops are ·other forms of philan- thropy. Mrs. Wickes' study of her " Nearest Neighbors in Pe- king," is very, very informing.

Prisons, which used to be called "hells" are now being made more attractive than our own, judging from the half-tone opposite page 311, with a public hall where ethi- cal teachings are imparted to the inmates, as well as industrial work preparing the men for a useful life after their discharge.

The city's model prison, the first of thirty-uine in China, teaches carpentry, weaving, typesetting, printing and bookbinding, shoe- making, masonry, metal, leather and bamboo work to classes of from twenty-five to forty men WHICH GIRLF'f;~Ul!Ps ~~Fk'~KE TO HAVE dea1'lc'Ihg,epnta y nbde i0nbgedgi'lvenent all twh ehopral.Sr e- A man is examining the inmates' pictures out- a to side the Door of Hope.

on rules.

The" Church Survey" puts to shame surveys made by the Amer- ican Church, and may well serve as a model for such work. The chap- ter on religious work reports 936 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist temples, monasteries and ancestral halls, and sets forth in bewilder- ing variety the efforts of Mohammedans, Roman and Greek Catholic, and Protestant agencies to transform the community. This is sum- marized as follows: "'l'he effect of Christianity in introducing new social and moral ideals is apparent. The present eagerness for a better government, for a higher place for women, for a more adequate moral code, is partially the result of the Christian movement in China; while the present intellectual awakening is certainly indirectly the outcome of the many years of persistent teaching of new ideas by the missionary body . .. .Religion in action, especially, will arrest the attention and gain the acceptance of vigorous young China. Christianity can be demonstrated through the home, the school, the factory, the hospital permeated with the Christian spirit. The planning and organizing of a definite and

constructive social program around each Christian Church will also truly express the inner spirit of the Christian gospel which seeks to develop not" only the individual and the church, but primarily and essentially to transform the structure of society itself into a new social order-the Kingdom of God."

SLAVE GIRLS OF PEKING RESCUE HOME, RUN BY THE POLICE Naturally such conclusions lead to a final chapter upon the "Peking Community Service Group," an outgrowth of the survey. It is equally natural that Mr. Gamble, to whom all mission workers are deeply indebted for this volume, is planning to return to Peking to devote his ' talents and his Christian life to carrying on a task which he has here set forth.

The sociological specialist will revel in the appendices which fill nearly 120 pages with many and varied tables and other forms of information gathered in the course of the survey. This missionary classic ranks with Dr. Dennis's" Christian Missions and Social Progress," though it is far more specialized and scientific than that great work.

COLLEGE STUDENTS GOING TO

MEMBERS OF THE UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE IN CANTON STARTING OUT TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING 'I'OWNS Forward Movements in South China BY REV. A. A. FULTON, D.D., CANTON, CHINA Missionary of the P resbyterian Church iu U. S. A.

W HEN Robert Morrison stepped on shore at Canton in 1807 he confronted the despotism of the" Great Pure Dynasty." A little band of foreign merchants were restricted to close, hot, unsanitary quarters in old Bean Street. The narrow quarters had a frontage on the dirty river, where in the evenings the foreign community crowded to the shore to get some relief from stilling heat. Access to the high officials was possible only by "petition" through underlings and inseparable "Kumshaws" to open the way to the lofty dispensers of favors. Propagation of the Gospel was taboo, and even instruction in the Chinese language was to a foreigner a dangerous undertaking.

Had Robert Morrison returned in December, 1920, he would have thoug'ht that the millennium was near. In Canton he would have seen, in a cQnspicuous part of the city, a large mat shed structure, with capacity to seat 4,000 hearers. Services were being held there morning and evening. At eleven o'clock 3,000 women were present, and in the evening the entire building was crowded. Preaching was by Chinese Christian pastors and evangelists. In the audience were men from all classes, including high officials. Scholars and merchants sat in same seats with working men. Requests were made that no one 101

leave the building until the close of the service. Great quiet prevailed. During the ten days of meetings more than 100,000 persons were in attendance, including about 30,000 women, and at the close of the services 2,290 had signed cards saying they had decided for Christ. In addition 1,000 were organized into classes for Bible study. Thousands of dollars were contributed by Chinese to meet the cost of the structure and for incidental expenses. The foreign workers aided only indirectly by their presence and advice in cooperation with Chinese pastors and evangelists.

The old walls that shut Morrison out from the city are now leveled to the ground. When I reached China forty years ago, there were no railroads, no steam launches in Canton, no electric lights, very few hospitals, and scarcely a college worthy of the name. More than ten miles of narrow, dark streets have been widened with an average width of 100 feet, where hundreds of automobiles may be seen. Railroads and airplanes are in evidence and hundreds of steamboats and launches fly up and down the river and to distant ports. Along the bund, fronting the river, are some of the finest department stores, employing hundreds of clerks, one of the buildings costing a million dollars, and would cost two millions of dollars if erected in U. S. A. This is a new China.

I confine my statements to the work in the province of Kwangtung', of which Canton is the capital. I saw the beginning of the Canton Christian ColIeg'e which today is one of the greatest forces in China for the demolition of ignorance, and for the building up of new forces of knowledge and power. I saw this plant when it was located in a small Chinese house, and had only two teachers and twenty-five students. The college moved to Macao, and after four years returned to Canton where a small site had been obtained near the citv. In the immediate vicinity were innumerable gTaves, and great diffi~ulty was met in trying to induce the owners to part with their land. By use of much tact and patience the campus was increased to one hundred and thirty acres, and today the value of the land and buildings is onehalf a million dollars, U. S. currency. The staff has grown from two teachers to fifty-one Chinese and thirty Americans, and the student body numbers more than 700. The budget of current expenses has risen to $200,000 annually. One of the prominent professors is Mr. Chung Wing Kwong, who was converted about twenty-five years ago. Re was a second honor student and an eminent member of the literary class. Through his influence the Chinese have contributed $100,- 000 to the college. Many students from Canton Christian College are now in the United States at different universities. The College is under strong Christian influence, and the larger proportion of the students are open believers in the truths of the Gospel.

The forward movement has been accelerated by the work of

FORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

medical missions. The largest medical college for women in China is located at Canton. This institution began in a small room with two or three pupils, and was founded by Dr. Mary H. Fulton. In 1880 there was one hospital in the city, and accommodations for women and children were restricted to one small ward, and to this ward came only women of the poorest classes. Unspeakable suffering was the lot of thousands of women who were helpless in the hands of ignorant and superstitious midwives. Dr. Fulton began with a few young women who ventured to enter a medical class. Visits to the homes of the higher classes gave relief from suffering, and profoundly impressed the patients with the superior knowledge and ability of the physicians from America. Applications to enter the medical class continued, and through the generosity of Mr. E. A. K. Hackett funds were supplied to erect a suitable college building. A training school for nurses was then started. To accommodate the large numbers applying for relief new buildings were erected, including a women's hospital, a new laboratory, and a large dispensary. Today the Hackett Medical College for Women is one of the best known institutions in China. More than 100 young women have been graduated, and are located in different cities, in three different provinces. A plant worth $150,000 provides excellent facilitie~ for all students. This college is to be made equal to any in the United States, and has the united support of the Women's Boards of our Church. The graduates have raised $23,000, part of the sum that will go into the erection of a suitable dormitory to accommodate the increasing number of students. The College is in charge of Dr. Martha Hackett, assisted by a staff of graduates from universities in the United States.

Educational development is a further stimulus to the forward movement. Thirty years ago it was necessary to provide support for pupils entering our few schools. Today the majority of our schools are self-supporting', and no school is wholly supported by foreign funds. The finest school of its kind in the province began with one teacher and about a dozen young girls. Today the True Light Seminary sheds its rays over a vast area. The students number nearly 200, and include a large proportion of young women from wealthy and intellectual classes. The buildings and equipment are of high order, and a new dormitory has just been completed to provide quarters for the increasing number of students. When I came to China a decent young woman might not be seen on the streets without a chaperon. Today thousands of young girls may be seen on their way to school, and no man would dare to insult one of them. The total number of students in the Protestant schools of the province is about 30,000.

The forward movement in China is very notably in evidence when we consider the progress made in union work. At the John R.

Mott meetings it was decided that an effort should be made to organize union theological colleges. Representatives from seven different Missions conferred, a constitution was formed, and each Mission entering the Union provided one instructor. Today in Oanton is the largest Union Oollege in the world, considered from the standpoint of denominational representation. The Societies represented are the Presbyterian Board, New Zealand Presbyterian Mission, the Oanadian Presbyterian Mission, the United Brethren Mission, the Oongregational Mission, the London Mission, the Wesleyan Mission, and the Church of England Mission. The first building was erected by Mrs. Oyrus McOormick, of Ohicago. The site of the College is a most advantageous one, close to the suburbs of the city. Recently a fine dormitory has been added and residences for some members of the faculty. Additional buildings will be erected as rapidly as possible to accommodate students and to provide needed equipment. Among members of the staff are a few very able Ohinese instructors, and others preparing in the United States will be secured at the earliest possible day. In this Union Theological Oollege the great fundamentals of faith are clearly set forth, and through this great agency will go forth hundreds of carefully trained preachers and evangelists to supply the rapidly increasing number of churches in the chief centers of the Province.

The forward movement receives strong emphasis in the organic union of the Presbyterian, Congregational, United Brethren, London Mission, and Swedish Mission Churches to form a branch of the United Ohurch in China. Other societies will, no doubt, soon come into this Union. The denominational distinctions which have been so long maintained in other lands have not only no significance with the Chinese but rather serve to confuse their minds as to the great fundamentals of faith. Hereafter churches and preaching halls will not bear denominational names, but will be designated as Ohurches of Christ in China. The forms of church government will be modeled largely after the Presbyterian order, but with a different nomenclature. By this union all danger of overlapping will be avoided. Great gains in economy and efficiency will result. Gradually the leadership in all forms of church activities is passing from foreign to Chiuese control, which has been the aim of missionaries for many years. Responsibility develops leadership, and with Chinese as leaders we shall receive larger contributions to all forms of work. The Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Canton is Mr. Leung Shiu Cho, with three foreign secretaries to assist him. The National Secretary for Ohina is Mr. David Z. T. Yui. The Principal of the large Middle School at Canton is Mr. Kwaan Yan Oho, aided by several American teachers. Just as fast as possible missionaries must pass over to Chinese control churches, schools, hospitals, and all heavy reponsibility for the

1922J }'ORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

evangelization of these hundreds of millions. This does not mean that the missionaries will seek to evade duty. They will be needed for many decades to help secure funds, and to labor in closest relation with Chinese leaders as councilors and co-laborers in evangelistic, educational and medical departments.

Most of our self-supporting churches have been founded by the Chinese who have had full control in raising funds. Recently in Canton a church was dedicated that cost nearly $40,000, in addition to the cost of site. The funds were raised entirely by Chinese. Another site was secured and a church built which today is worth $50,000. Last year a church costing $6,000 was built by one man in a market town and ten miles distant another church costing $4,000 was built. Some years ago a lot was purchased in a market .town, and today on that property is a church worth $7,000 and a girls' school is supported with three teachers and seventy-five pupils. In San Ning City, the Chinese have had for years a strong self-supporting church, and the value of the plant, including school for boys and girls is $25,000. Not far from this is an- ! ~~Yt8l~1GB~.f'TTf; ii}flN:::CTiffI~J~ other plant, including site, church PAID FOR ATl'~mC~~N0J'Efl;000 WITHOUT and schools, worth $40,000. All of them have been founded and are supported by Chinese funds. When I first went to San Ning the only evidence of Christianity was a small, dirty shop, used as a meeting place for a dozen Christians. It is unreasonable to expect Chinese to contribute large sums of money, and place these sums in the hands of foreigners if-they have no voice in the use of these funds.

The dominant aim of all these Missions is to reach, not only large centers, but the thousands of villages in the Province. Three-fourths of China's hundreds of millions live in villages. Missionaries alone cannot directly reach these millions. The great work must be done by trained Chinese helpers. Vve can support ten of these workers more cheaply than one missionary, and they will do twenty times the work that one missionary can do in direct evangelistic effort. The great function of the missionary is to seek out and prepare bright young men for this work. Qualified evangelists are now set apart to engage in the specific and definite evangelization of the villages. In one Mission, in the past two years, 1,500 villages were reached and more than 100,000 persons heard the Gospel message. Monthly re-

ports indicate the number and names of villages reached, with additional information as to tracts distributed and number of persons reached.

The forward movement includes the plan to open preaching halls in the market towns and chief ·centers of trade. Hundreds of markets are found in this Province, and to these markets the hundreds of thousands of villagers come every five days to buy and sell. The chapel in the market is the light for the surrounding villages. Within a radius of three or four miles from the market may be found 40 or 50 or 100 villages, all depending on the size of the market. "On market days the chapel is crowded with hearers. On other days the preacher visits the villages, and these visits are continued throughout the year. Through the agency of these chapels in market towns, the villages wil1 be reached directly, and gradually every prominent village will have its church and school, provided for by Ohinese funds. We can now go into thousands of villages and meet with encouragement and find willing hearers.

Lastly, the most profound significance of a forward movement is Ohina's very deep friendship for America. That missionaries have had a very great influence in bringing about this great asset is not a debatable question. They have opened the hospitals, started schools, and founded asylums for the lepers and the insane and the blind. They have distributed tens of thousands of books and tracts in defense of sanitary measures. They have been distributing agents in famine regions, and have supplied physicians to plague-stricken provinces. A very large proportion of the finest equipped colleges, hospitals and schools in Ohina were established with American money. The gifts of millions of gold sent to help famine sufferers increases Ohina's sense of obligation; and they will not forget it.

The religion of Ohina is idolatry, pure and simple, and Ohina spends more than one hundred million dollars yearly in idolatrous worship. How speedily that money will go into schools, churches and hospitals will depend on what use we make of our unique opportunity. Idolatry can not stand before the aggressive power of the Gospel. A great Ohinese scholar declared that his nation's most bitter need is good men; and good men, in the most comprehensive sense, are not found apart from Ohristian civilization. The old empire had in it the elements of stability, but none of progress. The great Republic of China lies wide open, and we are invited to take the leadership ill making that Republic, by our gifts of men and money, one of the most influential of the great World Powers.

PROTESTAI:T EPTSCOPAL CATHEDRAL TN MANTLA, P

Achievements of One H undred Years 'l'he Centennial of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America BY HEV. ]'RA.N'KLIN J, CLAnK, B.D" NEW YORK Secretary of the Presilling Bishop and Council and Secretary of the Committee on Arrangements for the Centennial O NE hundred years ago the Episcopal Church in the United States began to realize the necessity for organization if it were in any way to fulfill the reason for its existence, At the General Convention held in Philadelphia in 1820 a Society called "The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society in the United States for Foreig'n and Domestic Missions" was organized, The constitution was, however, found to be defective, and a special General Convention was called for the following year-1821-to remedy this defect. This afforded an opportunity for those more interested in domestic than foreign missions to bring about a change in title of the Society, and it was re-organized under the present name. This Society is the sixth oldest in the United States, being antedated by the Moravian, which was organized in 1745, but almost contemporaneous with the four other societies which began during the years between 107

1802 and 1818 when the new Republic was asserting itself as a Nation. It is perhaps the oldest organization, except the Moravian, which at its inception united the idea of work both at home and in foreign fields.

The creation of this society used up practically all the missionary spirit in the Church. Membership was based on the payment of dues and as it was entirely voluntary, diocesan needs easily took preced- ence over this new interest. The only ones really filled with mis- sionary zeal were the few who vol- 'IlIDtChl'OO for service. One man, the Rev. Joseph R. Andrus, went to Liberia with the American Col- onization Society, but died of fever a few months afterwards. The Rev. J. J. Robertson and the Rev.' and Mrs. John R. Hill started the ,valuable schools at Athens, Greece. Four missionaries went to the IVest and South, one to Michigan Territory, one to Wisconsin Terri- tory, one to Missouri Territory, and one to the newly acquired Florida Territory. These were the lonely heroes of that day; the Church sent them out and then al- most forgot them.

Not until 1835 was any real progress made. At the General Convention in Philadelphia in that year three important steps were taken. In the first place it was de- clared that the Church itself was the missionary society; but every member of the Church, by virtue of BISHOP SING-FIRST CHINESE BISHOP his baptism, automatically became a member of that society. It was recognized, in the second place, that a definite organization was necessary to carry out the wishes of the society, and a Board of Mis- sions was organized. The third important step was the consecration of the first missionary bishop, Jackson Kemper, who was sent to the great Northwest Territory to help the pioneers build up a Christian civilization.

In 1871 the Church took another important step by bringing to- gether under one head as an Auxiliary to the Board of Missions the

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

many women's societies which had been doing missionary work independent of any central organization. This Woman's Auxiliary has been one of the most effective aids the Church has had. In addition to the gifts which the women made each year in mouey and material, the Auxiliary decided in 1889 that it would make a further gift to be collected during the three years preceding each triellnial General Oonvention and to be presented as a united thank-offering. The first offering was presented at the General Oonvention in 1889 and amounted to $2,000. That presented at the General Oonvention in 1919 amounted to $467,000. This united offering is used for the support of women missionaries at home and abroad. In addition to its gifts of money, which have totalled over fourteen millions of dollars, CHINESE BOY SCOUTS AT ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, SHANGHAI it has saved hundreds of parishes and dozens of dioceses from the· deadening blight of self-centered prayer, thought and work. It has introduced and popularized the missionary meeting, the mission study class and the Ohurch Summer Oonference, and many missionaries have come from its ranks.

In 1877 the children of the Ohurch began definite cooperation with the Board of Missions. In that year Mr. J ohnMarston, who was superintendent of a small school in St. John's Church, Lower Merion, Philadelphia, asked his children to save their offeringsduring Lent and send the money to the Board of Missions. This first offering amounted to $200. The next Lent the whole Diocese of Pennsylvania adopted the plan and $7,000 was given. Today the children of the Ohurch from all over the world collect their Lenten offerings

THE ?,US8IO:AItY HETEW OF TITE WOULD ll'cbruury

IN SOUTH DAKOTA-AN I~DIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION in mite-boxes provided for that purpose, and these gifts have increased to nearly $250,000. In the past forty-one years they have totalled over $4,000,000.

At the last General Convention in 1919 all of the general missionary, religious educational and social serv~e work of the Church was brought under one organization, known as "The Presiding Bishop and Council." This has developed six departments, covering Missions, Religious Education, Social Service, Publicity, Finance and the Nation-'W"ide Campaign. The last named Department was organized because of the action of the same General Convention in extending to the Whole Chureh the Missionary Campaign whieh had been held with great success in many parts of the country in single parishes, whole eities, and in several cases simultaneously in an entire diocese. This is not primarily a financial campaign, but one of education and of spiritualization. A financial objective was placed before the Church which, though not fully met in the two years that have elapsed, did result in 1920 in an offering for general work 117 per cent larger than that for the year 1919. The National Council was enabled to finance all of the departmental enterprises without incurring debt and released over a quarter of a million of dollars for the cancellation of old debts. The Council was also able to underwrite the entire budget of the Continental Domestic Missionary Bishops, releasing them from the arduous work of soliciting "specials" for the support of their work.

Not only did the general work of the Church benefit by this campaign, but it is estimated that the dioceses received for missionary work within their borders an increase of at least two million dollars over the previous year. It is also estimated that parochial incomes benefited by an increase of at least three and one-half million dollars. Undoubtedly a part of this larger parochial income was used to increase the salaries of the clergy, for the Church Pension Fund reports

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

that clergy salaries for 1920 showed an increase of Ii million dollars over 1919. Perhaps one of the most important results of the campaign was bringing about a national consciousness which was absent or inarticulate before.

In the foreign work it is also possible to record some measure of advance. In two of the mission fields the three objectives of all missionary work have been in a large measure realized; viz, selfg'overnment, self-propagation and self-support. In China there is a self-governing Church composed of the dioceses of the Anglican Communion, being' the Church of England, the Church in Canada, and the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. This Chinese Ohurch has its own Board of Missions supporting its own missionaries and has a native Chinese Bishop. The same is true in Japan where the Anglican Communion is organized as a self-governing Church with its own Board of Missions. 'rhere are many selfsupporting parishes in both these countries, but as yet no Japanese bishops. It is probable however, that within three years a diocese will be created, led by a Japanese bishop.

It is impossible to record in detail the accomplishments in the mission fields. Any record of work in China and Japan would be incomplete, without reference to St. John's University and St. Mary's School in Shanghai, and Boone University and Ohurch General Hospital in vVuckang and St. James Hospital in Au King, and St. Paul's Oollege and St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo. The value of St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo was recognized by the Japanese Emperor who gave $25,000 to aid in building a new and greater hospital. A gtoup of Japanese public men also gave an additional $55,000.

Forty years ago a lad of ten was brought by his Mohammedan IN AI.ASKA-THE BISHOP PREACHING TO INDIANS AT A FISH CAMP

RAW MATERIAL IN AFRICA- BOYS AT BENDER, WEST AFRICA father to St. John's School in Cape Mount, Liberia, on the west coast of Africa. In June of 1921 he was consecrated Bishop-Suffragan of the District of Liberia, in the Church of the Incarnation in New York City. He is now one of the "thirty native clergy trained in the Church's schools and ministering to the needs of their own people.

In America the devotion and statesmanship of men like Bishops Whipple, Hare, Gilbert, Morrison, Biller, B.urleson and Remington SERVICE IN THE CHAPEL OF ST" AUGUSTINE"S INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, NORTH CAROLINA I'ROTESTANT EPISCOPAL WORK AMONG COLORED- RACES .

1922J AOHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

IN JAPAN-NURSES AND STAFF, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, TOKYO have won thousands of Indians to the Christian faith. Many work~ ers, clerical and lay, have come from the more than one hundred Indian congregations in which are enrolled fully 12,000 baptized members. In negro schools in the South, such as St. Paul's Normal and Industrial School iu Lawrenceville, Va., St. Augustine's in Raleigh, N. C., over 2,000 young men and women are being trained in ways that will make them self-respecting and self-supporting citizens. In more than thirty-five schools of all grades the children of the Southern Highlanders are developing into better citizens. A newly organized division for work among foreign-born Americans has already shown results from its careful study of this problem. In Alaska the Church is ministering to all the three races found there.

FOREIGNERS IN AMERICA-A CHOIR OF CZECHO-SLOVAK BOYS IN WESTFIELD, MASS.

February

Out into the Island world tho Church has followed the Nation's Flag. In Hawaii, where East and ,Vest mingle as perhaps nowhere else, in cathedral and in modest chapels, in social settlements and in schools, she is bearing her witness to the fact that men of different races can live in brotherly good-will, while retaining their racial allegiance. In the Philippines, especially among the primitive tribes, the Church is supplementing, as only Christian teaching can, the successful civilizing work of the United States Government. In the New World Indnstrial School in Porto Rico thc Church helps to fit young men for the duties of life. In Mexico and South America the Church is also bearing her witness in such institutions as the Southern Cross School in Brazil.

Looking back over the achievements of the century, it is not difficult to see how the work at home and abroad might have been strengthened and advanced if the Church had taken advantage of the many opportuniti('s which were being constantly offeI'€,d, but we are devoutly thankful for the progress made and for having a share in 'the eyung('lization of the world.

PROTESTANT EPIS~OPAL MISSIONARY STATISTICS FOR 1920 00 0" ; ~ 0- 00 ~ :§ "u"" "$ ;~: !'l ""0 "'5" j'J ~ ~<: 0 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ·"c ~" ~ .~ ..d 0 ~ i .0 "a .'"~ ~" U "r/l ~ "aa~ z" .-,:;;l 0 U Africa (Lih~ri") ….. : 10 150 47 21 II 46 1 2,721 109 I 190 China ……………. 178 738 131 5 6,769 Japan …………… 63 381 141 91 "I 67 3 4,816 22 1,754 Rl'Uzii ……. 6 17 56 8 17 2,005 Cuba ……….. "… 19 39 41 16 …… 2 24 Haiti ……. 73 35 15 1,143 Mexico… .. 3I 29 I I 24 22 4 1. 995 Alaska …. 29 10 34 I 8I 19 I2 ' 900 30 I 50 I Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I 10 I 19 13 13 2 1,394 20 I ]6 !…….. i 1,972 Honolulu … 16 I…… ~~~~m~i~o …… : ~.I ~…Ij.". ……..~…I….~.;.~.~~. In the Unite!l States.. 1[; II'" . .. 10.1 …… .. ! . . . . . 19 · 1· ···· · 635 .. .. ···1······ .. I — I — – i — – – -1 — I 1,071 I ] ,525 I 'I- — ! – — 28,121 541 I 15 I 385 I 380 I I I ! I I The expenditures of the Department of ~1issions for 1920 amounted to $2,611,661.

Cause of Changes in

BY REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS, D.D.

PROFESSOR FREDERICK STARR, of the University of Chi- cago, in an interview published ill the" J a.pan Advertiser" last May, said that he had been tremendously Impressed by the fact that for the first time, Koreans have seemed awake to their oppor- , tunities. He did not attribute this to the rule of Japan, as most trav- ele1"s do, hut confessed that the cause of the change was beyond him to fathom. Professor Starr has been visiting Korea almost yearly since 1912 and is a trained observer. His comments, there- fore, are of more than ordinary in- terest.

It is nearly ten years since my last visit to this country and the same changes astonish me. There are still "devil trees," covered with hits of paper containing pray- ers, and piled around with stones, in mute petition for protection from unknown evils. The itiner- ating missionary still follows close upon the sorceress, but there are manifest a new spirit, a new hope and a new desire for self-determi- nation in more than government among this people. Old things arc passing away, new things are ap- pearing. If we look further than did Professor Starr for an expla- nation, we shall find it where the KIM IK DOO PREACHING IN KOREA Thessalonians found theirs when Christianity made its first appear- ance among them 2,000 years ago: "Those that tUrn the world upside down have come hitller also."

When Pastor Kil, of the great Central Presbyterian Church at Pyeng Yang, returned last year from a two years' imprisonment, he confessed that he needed reconstruction before he could enter again upon his work. Old time sermons, long and filled with doctrinal dis- cussions, would not now satisfy his people. '1'hey demand teaching 115

THE 1vII8SlO:-ARY REVIEW OJ<' THE WOlU~D

that fits into the present-day needs. They ask for better music in all the services; for social intercourse among men and women; for more education and better teaching. Curtains that used to separate men from women in the churches have largely disappeared; seats have been introduced, and the little, squatty, thatched huts that formerly served for churches in the country districts, are being replaced by good church buildings, comfortable and attractive.

A recent Sunday spent in Seoul, a city of nearly 300,000 inhabitants, almost made me feel that I was in America. The six or seven churches which I visited, of the twenty or more in the city, were well filled, some of them with congregations of 500 or more.

The Japanese Government still hampers Christian work in many ways. Fifteen of the thirty-two signers of the so-called "Declaration of Independence," which was in reality only a petition to the J apan- ese Government, are still in jail. Scarcely a day passes but some influential pastor or church officer is haled off to prison simply on suspicion that he may be working against the Government. Red tape abounds and hinders the'missionary on every hand.

Nevertheless the missionaries generally speak well of Japanese officials. Governor-General Sato, the governors of the several provinces, and most of the high officials seem friendly to missionaries and desirous of doing the right thing. But somewhere along the line there is a miscarriage. The power of control breaks connection, and persecution follows. Usually the blame is laid at the door of the Chief of Police, for when a disturbance breaks out, he is called to account. If he denies the story of the missionary or the Korean Christian, as he always does, his superior officer has nothing to do but to accept his report. Should the evidence of maltreatment be too convincing, the Chief is given a mild reprimand or a vacation from office for a few days. The Japanese military party is the cause of the trouble in Korea as that party is in control in'Japan.

When the Japanese Government, six years ago, issued an edict that all Bible teaching and religious instruction must be given up in Korean schools within a period of ten years, many Christians and missionaries became panic-stricken, and conformed to the decree, but others believed that the Japanese Government, if given time, might be persuaded to reverse its policy in this matter as it has nearly always done in other cases. They therefore kept on teaching the Bible and giving religious instruction. They were right for the restrictions have been removed. Now the schools that "conformed" are in a predicament. Many of these, notably the Chosen Christian College, desire to get back their former liberties but encounter difficulties. Under the present plan the college, by consent of the Government, is devoting the thirty minutes morning recess period to Bible instruction and the classes are attended by a large proportion of the stu-

1922J THE CLAUSE OF CHANGES IN KOREA

A FEW OF THE ElGin THOUSAND KOREANS WHO ATTENDED EVANGELIST KIM'S MEETINGS IN SONG DO

dents. It is felt, however, that the Christian purpose in founding the college is not fully met in this way, so that the college authorities are endeavoring to have its charter changed.

The Japanese Government offers special inducements to those schools that do not teach the Bible or religion. Graduates of "con- forming" schools are favored by exemption from some examinations for the universities; one hundred dollars is to be given to each "con- forming" school for the purpose of sending its teachers to Japan on educational excursions and other advantages are offered. The South- ern Methodist school at Songdo, a "conforming" school, received $600 for its library. In Japan the Educational Department of the Government made a rule that private universities shall allow only graduates of "conforming" schools to take entrance examinations.

Some remarkable revival meetings were held in Seoul last winter by the Rev. Kim Ik Tu, Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly of Korea. Much attention was given to faith healing, probably due, in part, to the visit of James Moore Hickson to the Orient. Whether or not any remarkable cures were wrought may be questioned. But the sunrise prayer-meetings, wher.e 600 people gathered for an hour in the intense cold, and the crowded evening services, where 6,000 people filled every inch of space in building and grounds to listen to the simple Gospel from a plain man, were immensely impressive. Rings, watches, ornaments of every kind, and money gifts as larg·e as $400, testified to the benefits received.

Church attendance has increased in Korea twenty-five per cent during the past year. All schools are crowded, so that dormitorie:,; intended for fifty are occupied by one hundred. Tuition fees have been increased; still there is a large waiting list.

In Korea there is a wide-open door. The hearts of this hospitable and kindly people are more than ever receptive to the Gospel, with its inspiring and uplifting message of faith, hope and love.

A Japanese View of Christianity in Japan BY DR. TAKUMA DAN o:E' TOKYO From an adelress delivered at a reception to the delegation of Japanese business men arranged by the Foreign Missions Conference in New York, December 8, 1921 I N ONE of the loftiest passages of your New Testament it is writ- ten, "Greater love hath no man than this that a man give his life for his friends." For generations your Protestant missionaries have been giving· their lives for the benefit of their grateful friends in Japan. By this I mean a giving of life in the highest sense: namely, by the dedication of themselves to uplift and ennoble the lives of others. No group of men or women in all the world have exceeded

1922J THE SOUTHERN :MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

your missionaries in this. On behalf of all my countrymen I am pro- foundly grateful for this opportunity to acknowledge all that your honorable body of missionaries has done in the past and to entreat that this great work shall continue.

Even before Japan, at the insistent invitation of America, joined the great family of nations which comprised ,Yestern civilization, a devoted group of devout and earnest Protestant missionaries were al- ready at work there. It is important to recall that this work was religious in a very true sense and in the highest degree. Their work was dedicated and adapted to the land to which they came, and to the amelioration and betterment of the conditions which they found. But their work was not confined to what we understand by religion alone. It was evangelical, but it was also educational and medical. In this they have been enormously successful. The medical work done by the missionaries in the past in the important field of sanitation and in teaching thc care of the body as well as the enlightenmerit of the soul, has been beyond all praise. On the educational side your missionary schools have an honorable name in my country, which to acknowledge is to praise.

You have studied with open mind the peCUliarities of Japanese psychology and character with which you have to deal. Sinking all thought of self, you have adapted your teachings to conditions with which you have to deal. The seeds of the Gospel which you have sown have fallen, therefore, upon fertile soil. Nay! you may count on a harvest one hundredfold. The teaching of broad Christianity embraces all sorts and conditions of men. It embraces the rich as well as the poor. It seeks the cooperation of the layman as well as the trained theologian. It embraces not Japan alone but all the varied and diverse people of the Far East. This, then, is my hope-that cooperation with others should be your watch-word. Advise freely with the people and officials of government, whenever the government is reliable and stable, to further the welfare of the people. None know better than Americans that patriotic harmony is a part of all true religious teaching, and the cooperation of my government as well as of all intelligent people, will attend and assist your effort toward the uplifting of our people towards higher ideals and actions.

As a layman, not of the Christian faith, perhaps I cannot pass judgment; but will you permit me in conclusion to offer my sincere congratulations on the progress already made in the founding and establishment of a Japanese self-supporting Protestant Church in Japan. How far off the time may be when the Christian Church in Japan shall no longer be dependent on Americans for help I cannot undertake to say, but I can promise you the continued earnest and helpful cooperation of all the enlightened part of my countr?m(,ll.

CENTER OF' MOUNTAIN L lIcE – A COMMUNITY STORE IN THE SOUTHERN

The Southern Mountain Problem A Study of the Efforts to Solve a Great Unfinished Task BY REV. ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN, MAYWOOD, N, J .

W HEN the Church first confronted the task of enlightening the people in the great mountainous section of the East, preach- ers were sent into the hills to persuade people to clean up, set their houses in order, stop making moonshine and begin a work of <.lonstruction that would produce a condition of prosperity. In the Southern Mountains, however, the people generally had the idea that "preachin' that makes ye git right up and holler-that's religion." This kind of emotionalism has a tremendous hold in the Appalachians and many seem to think that it matters little how a man lives so long as he shouts in meeting and repeats his religious experience year after year at annual evangelistic services.

Religion among the Mountaineers is not of the practical order that will bring about any decided change for the better in a man's conduct. It is therefore necessary to do more than preach to the Mountaineers and today the Church is not only sending to these mountain regions preachers, but is adding to this evangelism other 120

THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

influences that are equally necessary and without which preaching is ineffective, namely, practical instruction in the fundamental principles of daily life. Christian women have therefore been sent into the coves to establish model homes, to administer common remedies in cases of illness, and to draw tactfully about them groups of young and old for wholesome influence. Educated Christian women render invaluable assistance to those in trouble and their neatly kept homes radiate an influence all through the valley. Silently and beautifully they are doing their work but still the problem is not fully solved.

Believing that the secret of prosperity in any country is the home; and the secret of a good home is a good mother; therefore, the Mission Boards undertook to supply the mountains with schools in which to educate Christian womanhood. The mountain workers back in the settlements along the creeks and forks have been watchful for bright, promising children and encourage their parents to send them to the Mission schools. Their own district schools being shamefully inadequate, the children have gone to these Church schools and under their transforming influence many have been changed from timid, backward illiterates to wide-awake, cultured youth, able to meet any situation in the mountains and out in the Blue Glrass coun- ~~ .

But even these schools have not fully solved the problem. A number of the students go back to their homes to teach school, or to live quietly lives that really help, yet many never return to their moun- tain homes, but use the school as a stepping stone to city life. Others who return home, being overwhelmed by their old environment, be- come backward mountaineers again. I saw one such girl stirring a caldron before the door of her old cabin home, whose bare legs and uncombed hair indicated that she was just as she used to be before she went away to school.

The Mission Board schools are not a failure, far from it, they are indispensable, but they need to be supplemented. While all of these various forms of Ohristian work have been noble ministering agencies of God the Ohurch's great task has only been begun.

If the people of the Southern Mountains are to be reclaimed morally, spiritually, socially, intellectually, economically; if the fam- ilies up the creeks and forks and branches are to know how to live, how to keep well, how to bring up children; if they are to emerge from the eighteenth century and live abreast of the twentieth, in the highest Ohristian sense, then there must be some more adequate work established for them in their very midst. They cannot be educated by leading their finest young men and women out of the mountains.

That impoverishes the highlands still more. We cannot transform one or two thousand people in a valley by sending one highly educated woman there to do settlement work.

The method which the Church Boards have most recently adopted to meet the needs of these mountain districts is to establish Com- munity Centers.

The natural gathering places in the mountains should be utilized for the distribution of every kind of helpful influence. 'l'he place where the community store and the mill are situated receives con- stant visits from many people who live back up the creeks and forks. Naturally the church is here, so that it is also the religious center.

Accepting this as a starting point, the Church is supplying mell of God, men of sound Christian faith, men of intelligence, men of exemplary life, to develop the Community Center idea. These seem to us very commonplace characteristics but are full of significance to those who have met the ordinary mountain preacher, have listened to the display of his ignorance and have heard him glory in the fact that he can neither read nor write and possesses no "book larnin" so that his information must come directly from God. The Community Center is to provide sane, practical preaching of the Gospel by men of strong Christian character, thus making it the place of real religious instruction and inspiration.

Naturally here also is the school, and the Community Center program calls for better schools and better teachers than mountain children have had in the past. Some of their school buildings are the crudest kind of ill-kept rooms without even a teacher's desk.

Many of the teachers have not even been graduated from the grammar schools. Some Mountaineers think that their teachers need have no more education than they desire for their children, so that a child who is expected to discontinue its education with the fourth grade primary need have no better teacher than one who has finished that same primary grade. ",Vhy pay for an expensive teacher when a cheap one, much more readily found, will do 1 The Community Centers should have fully equipped teachers in charge of well equipped schools, so that they will become centers of real education. If this is accomplished the mountains ere long will be filled with young men and women who have actually learned something, and these peopJe's entire plane of thought and action will be truly raised.

These isolated regions also greatly need medical institutions of some kind, with information not only as to the treatment of prevalent diseases, but also concerning their prevention. In some mountain regions they are still using the primitive remedies prescribed before the Revolutionary War. The people know nothing about germs and the necessity of sanitation has never occurred to them.

The natural gathering place of the community should be the place where a capable physician can be found, where sensible remedies are prescribed, where kindly nurses can be secured, and where clinics arc

THE SOU'l'HERN MOUN'l'AIN PROBLEM

held. Thus the physical ailments of innumerable folks suffering in silence and in ignorance of their actual condition may be analysed, treatment given and good health restored.

But this is not all; the new method of establishing' these centerl'l seeks also to create a wholesome social atmosphere. Mountain young people have virtually no provision made whereby youths and maidens may mingle in a natural, wholesome way. Even the churches in some places keep the sexes separated, with the men on one side and the women on the other. Early marriage-so common an occurrence among thc Hig'hlullders-is the outcome of social starvation; it A TRANSITJON~OM OLD LOG HOUSES TO NEW FRAME COTTAGES offers about the only social diversion. If there were the proper outlet for wholesome social fellowship, these early marriages would not be so common.

The Community plans call for a program of social activities, and with someone at the head who knows how to organize these young people into athletic groups and clubs and societies for the entertainment not only of themselves but of the entire community. 1'his will help to turn the minds of an otherwise stolidly morbid people into a live, enthusiastic population who can think away from themselves and their temptations to things that produce robust Christian character.

There is still another sphere which must be included if prosperity is to abide in any measure-the sphere of crops and farming. Thus

the plan calls for an Agricultural Center. The mountain inhabitants should have the opportunity of seeing a modern fann well run with proper rotation of crops, the land tilled with modern implements, and such methods used as will bring far larger returns than ever be- fore. They should have the privilege of securing information from someone well instructed along these lines.

This then, is what is meant by the Community Center :-A Reli- 'gious Center, an Educational Center, a Social Center, a Health Cen- ter, and an Agricultural Center all in one. It is a sort of "People's University" for folks of the mountains, presided over by a faculty of six or eight Christian workers intent upon teaching these isolated people the fundamentals of present day life. Here lies a part of the unfinished task of the Church.

One preacher in the South gave up a $2,500 position, in what is regarded as the finest town in the highlands of Tennessee, in order that he might accept a $700 position as evangelist in the mountains. He conducts two weeks of special meetings in seven different appointments every year, requiring about ten weeks away from home, and living in a primitive way that would be physically impossible for many men.

During the time of my visit he was enlarging his house that he might use the new part for social activities in a diversion-starved community, that after school hours was swarming with children who had nothing to do and no place to go for wholesome recreation. This young man is sacrificing the privacy of his home, and paying for the enlargement of his premises that he may bring a little more into the lives of these youth. Earnest and consecrated as he is, however, and successful as he may be, he can reach these folks only in a religious sense and that is not enough for all-round development.

Back in the mountains of Norih Carolina there is a hospital beautifully equipped where hundreds of sick are brought and surgical cases, too severe to be carried over the fords to the railways and thence to distant cities, are successfully treated. Two physicians, true men of God, respond not only to the calls for them by day and night, but they sometimes trudge afoot, sometimes on muleback for miles, until utterly weary, and attend to the work in the dispensary as well. Although that hospital may perform ever so wonderful a service, it can transform those mountains only in a physiological sense, and that is not enough.

In numerous places in the mountains certain specific things are being done for the Highlanders j here is a school, there a hospital j here lessons are given in basket weaving, there in some other industry, but each branch only partially solves the problem while other essentials are neglected. The Community Center idea includes the supplying of human need on every side. I know of no Community

'l'HE SOU'l'HERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

A MISSIONARY PASTOR IN THE MOUNTAINS VISITING HTS PARISHIONERS Center which as yet has undertaken all of the spheres of activity, but those who have adopted the plan have been wonderfully successful so far as they have gone.

Here is an illustration: About four years ago the Woman's Board of the Presbyterian Church sent a young woman into a cove in the Kentucky mountains. For lack of lumber, people were making caskets for the dead from boards drawn from the roofs of their homes. This young woman bought a portable saw mill, cut lumber for her own buildings and then sold the saw mill to the community. As a result a great transformation from log to frame houses is being made all about that region. Moreover the cove ha·s come to be the lumber center for miles around.

The Mission Board sent other associates to work with this young woman. They built one of four school buildings for pupils from the fifth grade primary up, and the county, recognizing the Community Center plan, not only built a graded school for children of the first through the fourth grades, but made one of the young women superintendent of fourteen schools in the n,eighboring mountain districts.

The Board then built a dispensary and sent out a trained nurse, to care for the sick. Clinics are held and instruction is given which reaches far and wide. They organized a Sunday-school at the Center where many children and young people are taught every week; a

'l'HE MISSTO)JARY KEVIBW 01<' T}H; WORLD

Christian Endeavor Society and a mid-week prayer-meeting follow and give strength for daily duties. Social life was dlJveloped by athletics, such as baseball and basket ball, and people came from far and near, both to take part in the contests and to witness the games. On national holidays·able speakers are brought from distant cities to address the assembled multitudes with messages such as these simple folk had never heard before. As one result a man over forty years of age left his work and went to a city several hundred miles distant to take a three months' Bible course in order that he might become a more proficient teacher of life's great basic truths.

In these few years the attention of the mountaineers in this part of Kentucky was peculiarly drawn to this cove as an all-round Community Center. There is little need now for these people to go out of the mountains for anything except a college training. Every influence is at work to make them what they ought to be. The Community Center actually solves the problem. The young people, after visiting other places, say that they take more enjoyment out of their particular community than they do anywhere else.

No one of the features that make up a Community Center program can of themselves fulfil our Christian duty to the Southern Mountaineers. They need help from every angle and they must rcceive that help by our taking things they need to the people in their environment ratherthan by taking the young people out of their home surroundings. Whole sections must be enlightened and purified with the Gospel of Christ so that faith and knowledge, health and daily work and play may be made wholesome and may prosper. This is giving Christ to a people in need.

A very successful worker in Kentucky, with all the fire of a soul under the power of the discovery of a uew truth, declares that the Christian Community Center is the only way of successfully transforming the mountains. She adds the stimulating claim that "if given the opportunity the mountaineers, with a little guidance, can run their own Community Centers." She asserts that such Centers in every county" would solve the problem of the Southern Highlands in one generation."

If there is even a fair chance that this is true, then let the facts be known. Let the Church open her e~'es to the great unfinished task of transforming the Southern Mountains and undertake in a larger, more permanent way the saving of thE) mountaineers. Monuments to mistaken methods and abandoned undertakings in the form of deserted buildings, are scattered through many coves. The time has come to concentrate our efforts for the mountaineers on the development of Centers of light and power from which new life may flow out into all the homes of the Highlands. It is time for the Church to lay a firm hold upon this task and to hring it to completion.

A GROI;P OF CHRISTIAN SAILORS ( Mr. Stacey in the Cente r

From Stoker to Missionary The personal story of a stoker in the British Navy who was converted in China, and later went as a missionary to soldie'rs in India BY HUBERT G. STACEY, LATE m' KARACHI, INDIA A BOUT the middle of the year 1900 I was cruising around Aus- tralia and New Zealand waters in "Her Majesty's Ship Mo- . hawk" as a stoker in the British Royal Navy. News reached us that the Boxer Rebellion had broken out and the Mohawk, with t.wo other ships from Australia, was ordered to China. None of us were feeling any too pleased at the change of stations, the Australian station being a great favor ite in the British Navy. I had the unac- countably bitter feeling against all Chinamen, which almost every per- son has who is not a Christian, and who does not know China and the Chinese.

After an interesting and speedy voyage we reached China and took our part in putting down the Boxer uprising and when peace . 127

was proclaimed in December, 1900, I was informed that I must finish· the remainder of my commission on the China Station. Being determined to "make the best of a bad job" and wanting to see as much of the country as possible while there, I volunteered for special service on the Upper Reaches of the River Yang tse kiang.

While stationed at Chungking, in Szechuan Province, Western China, awaiting the rise of water that would enable us to proceed further up the river, I was brought to the foot of the Cross of Christ by a missionary lady of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in that place. The same missionary was the means of converting the young lady who afterwards became my wife.

From the day of my conversion I loved China and the Chinese, and I prayed that I might become a missionary in that great field. I worked amongst my shipmates and studied that I might be more fitted for such a work when God should call me. I was appointed for the remainder of my service in the navy as Secretary of the Royal Naval Christian Union.

At the expiration of my commission, no call to mission work had come, and I joined the British Army. There I found it was possible to attend school and was later appointed a Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association and of the Royal Army Temperance Association. Every opportunity offered to speak for the Master was gladly accepted in order that I might become fluent of speech for Him should He call me to larger service in China.

After some months in Ireland and then in Gibraltar I sailed in 1907 for India. I had continued my studies and had gained the hjghest army award for education, but still no missionary call came.

While in Mallapuram in South India I was appointed Acting Army Schoolmaster, in spite of the fact that I had had no teacher's training, and for twelve months I labored in the school teaching children from four years of age to fourteen, and soldiers from eighteen years of age to forty-five. The Army School Inspector asked me if I would care to go through a schoolmaster's course that was about to start in Bangalore. I told the inspector that my desire was to prepare myself for God's work in China and thought that if I took the course I would be compelled to remain in the army. The inspector then explained to me that these courses were not given to keep men in the army but to fit them for civilian life. I therefore took the conrse.

My class in the schoolmaster's course, mustered from various regiments all over India and Burma, was twenty-two strong. The first day that I met with the men I felt a sense of intense loneliness, for I did not find one Christian man among them. I went apart and prayed for a companion, and on that day two of these men were converted! My joy and thankfulness can be imagined. During the six months' course most of our evenings were spent at the Y. M. C. A. Army Branch where we were often asked to assist in the Gospel

FROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY

Meetings and Lectures, although we three men were severely criticised by the remainder of the class on the ground that we were neglecting private studies. The final examination gave the three Christian men first, second and third places on the list.

On my return to my regiment, I was assigned the position of Anny Schoolmaster, and within a few weeks received my certificate from army headquarters in London. In the same mail there came to me a letter from the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Madras, offering me the position of Army Secretary in that city. This was in 1909. For almost ten years I had been praying daily that I might .

CONVALESCENT MEN OF THE ROYAL WEST KENT REGIMENT, lvIHOW. INDIA (Mr. Stacey holds child in front) be called to China if it was God's will and this call was from India, from a city and a secretary whom I did not know. As I re-read the letter I saw the need of a worker for the soldiers of that city, and took the letter to the colonel of my regiment, who was District Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association. I asked him to read the letter as a brother Christian, not as my colonel, and give me his advice. A week went by and I heard nothing from him, but I continued to pray that I might go to China, unless God wanted me for India. The following week an orderly told me that the colonel wanted to see me at his bungalow. After we had prayed together he told me that he had not forgotten me, but that he did not want me to leave the regiment. He pointed out that he could have nothing to do with getting my dis-

'1'1IE ::UHR10:.HY HEVrEW UP TIn, WOULD

charge, as that had to go through the General Officer commanding the division. He explained that it would be necessary for me to apply for my discharge by purchase and that I must lay down twenty pounds. He was certain that the application would be refused as I had been in the country too short a time to warrant purchasing my discharge. He said, however, that if this apparently insurmountable obstacle were removed he would be sure that it was God's will for me to accept the call.

The General Officer Commanding returned my application for discharge with the words "Not sufficient service in India" written across it; but in red ink was added: "If you can give any very good reason why you should be granted a discharge it will be reconsid- ('red." The Y. M. C. A. Secretary had said in his letter that Madras had a splendidly equipped Army Branch, but no available man to take charge of the work for the nearly one thousand men stationed there. 1 pinned this letter to the application and again sent it to headquarters. By 10 a. m. the following morning I was on my way to Madras to take up the work of Army Secretary in the Y. M. C. A. !

About two months after this a missionary of the China Inland Mission came to Madras on his way to the Edinburgh Conference and asked me if I would be willing to go to China with him on his return. It was a great temptation but after much prayer I felt that God had placed me in India for a definite purpose and that I must prove myself worthy.

My work extended to European civilians and Anglo-Indians who are considered Christian by the Indians and therefore constitute both a danger and a possibility. After a short time in Madras I came to America and eventually returned with my wife in 1913 as General ,,ySecretary of a Y. M. C. A. Branch in North India. During the Great ar more than half my work was again among!1t the soldiers, both Indian and British. The desire to go to China is not gone, but we are convin~ed that India is our field.

CHARLES SPURGEON ON PREACHING "I have heard of ministers who can preach a sermon without mentioning the name of Jesus from beginning to end.

"If you ever hear a sermon of that kind mind that you never hear another from that man. If a baker once made me a loaf of bread without any flour in it, I would take good care that he shonld never do so again; and I say the same of a man who can preach a Christless gospel. Let those go and hear him who do not value their immortal souls; but your soul and mine are too precious to be placed at the mercy of such a preacher."

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND, VA.

A MISSIONARY READING PROGRAM FOR A CHURCH "Show me what a man reads ancI I will show you what manner of man he is." 'Ne might go further and say, "Show me what girls and boys read and I will show YOll what JUamler of women and men they are going to be."

Robert E. Speer thus traces the apostolic slIccession of missionary influence: "In 1746 the Society of Promoting Ohristian Knowledge, iu Ediuburgh, pnb· lished the journal of David Brainerd. He died the next year at the age of thirty·one. Re was no genius, orator, scholar or discoverer. Is there any influence stronger than his ~ His journal inspired Cm'ey and helped to shape his course. Martyn read it at Cambridge, and it made him a missionary. Murray ]{cCheyne read it, and was I moulded by it. 'The Memoirs of David Brainerd and Henry Martyn gave me par· ticular pleasure,' wrote young John Wilson in 1824. 'Try to get hold of the life of John Wilson, the great Scotch missionary of India,' Tote Keith Falconer in 1878. Let any missionary or "'orkm', conscious that his power has departed from him, or that he needs more, turn to this old-time record of a life of utter devotion amI prayer. "

Let any church or Sunday·school conscion8 that it needs more missionary interest and enthusiaSlll plan to ei:rl"u1ate Dlissionary literature.

BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING that is world-wide in its out-reach as "Too late," said the great violinist when a mother holds her own newto the would-be pupil, "your fingers born babe in her arms. Following are stiff now. You '11 never be more the prayer are stories of little folks than an average player. You should around the world, prepared in a simhave begun to take lessons when you ple form to be read by motllers to litwere a child." tle children. Any church that neg- lects to furnish materials of mission- "Too late," said the language ary education to the mothers of little teacher, "you may learn to make your children is missing an opportunity wants knownin a foreign tongue but that never comes again. "The School to bc a real linguist you should have begun when you were young." of Mother's Knee "* gives excellent So we begin too late in much of our suggestions along this line. missionary education work. An effective missionary reading program *"The School of Mother's Knee," by Margaret should begin with the smallest chil- T. Applegarth, published by the Women'.

American Baptist Foreign Mission SOCiety, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City, price $1.50. For sale at any Mission Board Headquarters.

dren. LIBRARY OPPORTUNITIES One of the Mission Boards, which is planning a thorough and comprehen- The Church Library-One of the sive missionary literature program, most important offices in any church has issued as its first step a "Prayer is that of librarian. To put into a for Mothers," attractively printed on church or Sunday-school library the a card to be sent to the baby's mother. books that should be there and then to There is never such a time of oppor- send those books out into the hands of tunity for developing a mother-love the people who need them, is a task 131

worthy of the highest ability. The boy who would be spellbound with missionary feature of the church library should not be overlooked. A "Livingstone, the Pathfinder," will committee composed of one representative from each missionary organiza- not come back for a second book if his tion of the church and one from each lepartment of the Sunday-school may first is "Meditations upon Death." prepare lists of books. One reason why the libraries are so little used is The following circulation pointers because the books are unsuited to the needs and tastes of different ages and have been gathered from successful limany of them are out of date. New books should be added at least once a brarians: – year. There is a decided advantage in even more frequent additions. 1. Announce new books by attrac- There are many possibilities for be- tive posters, displayed in different deginning or enlarging libraries. partments of the Sunday-school and 1. A sum for this purpose may be appropriated from the church treas- at the meetings of the various organiury. zations. For the Young People's So- 2. Various organizations may make an appropriation for it. ciety a picture of a bride and of an 3. "Book Week" may be advertised arrow piercing two hearts, and below by a poster displayed in the vestibule. Beside it should be hung a list of the the words books desired by the committee, with the price printed after each book, and "Are Missiouaries human' a suggestion that interested donors "Get 'Love Stories of Great Mis· place the price of the book they will sionaries' from the library and see." present in one of the envelopes on the table beneath the poster, write name A picture of a lion may be followed of donor and of the book on the en- by "Read 'LIVINGSTONE, THE PATHvelope, and drop into the coin box, at FINDER' and see how they met in Afthe same time checking the book off the list.. A committee may call atten- rica. " tion to this list of books or circulate "UNDER MANY FLAGS" may be adit personally. Never have an uninstructed donation day for your li- vertised by a poster showing tiny flags brary. Many libraries have died from of many lands with pictures of varian overdose of undesirable, unread- ous missionaries underneath, while able volumes unloaded on them by above all is the Christian flag and at people who think any well bound book the bottom, "Get it from the Liis suitable for a Sunday-school li- brary." brary. "Stay-at-Home-Journeys" may be 4. Often one or more individuals recommended by two children with a will make a gift to found or to main- story book in the center and a margin tain the library. of trains, ships, airplanes, bicycles, 5. Various organizations in the etc. church may make annual appropria- 2. Occasionally tell some. incident tions for the addition of new books, after the library is in running order. or read a striking quotation from a book in a way that will be appetizing. CIRCULATION METHODS 3. Call the attention of the leaders To begin with, some one must know of various meetings, and those who the books and know the people. The are to speak or prepare papers, to books that contain helpful material.

4. Arrange reading contests giving lists of books to different organizations or departments. Many district or state organizations have a silver lov- ing cup which is awarded each year to the department or society reporting the largest number of books read.

5. "I always count a broken arm a perfectly grand missionary opportun- ity, " said one wide-awake librarian. , 'Shortly after the surgeon departs, I arrive with a thrilling missionary book. The boy is well enough to read but there are so few other things that

BEST METHODS

he can do, he keeps me busy taking department store, so that mothers back the books he has finished and could leave their children there to bringi.ng him new ones." read the books while they shopped. It 6. "I have a 'First Aid Corps' on might easily be possible for stores or my library staff consisting of six tea rooms in smaller communities or bright girls and boys who hold them- rural sections to grant similar privi- selves ready to go and read aloud to leges.

some of our older members or to the sick or shut in. I have ready a splen- CITY LIBRARIES. Bear in mind that did assortment of missionary stories city libraries serve their constituency.

of varying lengths. Some have been A request from a representative com- cut out of magazines and mounted, mittee for the addition of new mis- others are leaflets which I have pasted sionary books will always receive at- on cardboard sheets for safe keeping tention. Every Interdenominational and still others are books. The pastor Missionary Union should have a Li- occasionally announces that any mem- brary Committee to see that every li- bers who would like to have some one brary opportunity is utilized to the read to them, may report to the li- highest point of possibility. * .. * brarian. Often people report the names of friends or acquaintances THE SCHOOL OR COLLEGE LIBRARY.

they think would enjoy the reading. A high school teacher in a Wyoming We have interested many people in city interested the Women's Club in this way." furnishing good biographies and other 7. "I occasionally copy for teachers books of vocational guidance for his in various departments a striking in- School Library. He consulted with cident from some book and ask them missionary advisors among others, to quote it in their classes. " with the result that $50 was invested .. * '* in Stories of Missionary Heroism. A Summer School of Missionary A READ-WHILE-YOU-WAIT-LIBRARY Methods was held in a Church college.

"Meet me at the Book Shelf in Mc- Some one proposed that each delegate Creery's at twelve," said one shopper should present a missionary volume to to another. "She'll be late," she the college library. It is a thing we added to herself as she went out, "but are apt to overlook-this missionary I don't care if she is. I've been want- shelf in our school libraries-and yet ing to look over the new books any it is an open gateway to large influ- way." ence. Every denomination should Thanks to the enterprise of a few study carefully the missionary library far seeing missionary leaders the situation in its schools and colleges.

Book Shelf in McCreery's was not Student secretaries should see that the filled with the latest fiction, or with libraries of the state universities and the year's" best sellers, " but with the colleges are kept abreast of the mis- latest missionary books. sionary times, and City Missionary The City Missionary Federation ar- Unions or Federations should make ranged with the management of the the most of the opportunity of high store to place a shelf of the new mis- school libraries.

sionary books and some of the most valuable old ones in a cozy corner of ALso ORPHAN HOMES. What are the writing room. It soon became a the children in our Orphans' Homes favorite meeting place and resting reading' It is amazing how many place for the missionary women of the people regard a church institution for city. children as a sort of literary dumping Another Federation had a shelf of ground for books that are simply missionary story books for children refuse from private libraries. A box arranged in an attractive corner of a was received not long ago by a church

institution with this explanation. they do not even know there is a mis- "Our church has recently decided to sionary magazine they settle deeper clean up its Sunday-school Library and deeper into the rut into which no and throw out all undesirable books. such magazine ever comes.

Weare, therefore, sending you a large In addition to the denominational box of books which we trust you will papers every congregation should be able to use to good advantage." have a "Missionary Review Club"

Every secretary of Children's Work (send to the REVIEW office for infor- should count the children in church mation as to special club rates). Sub- institutions in her territory as one of scriptions are not difficult to secure if her responsibilities and opportunities, a secretary gives definite attention to and should see that the best mission- it. Now that" Everyland" has comp ary books to be had are within their back, there should also be an "Every- reach. land Club" for young people in eVC'ry congregation. Oh, the pathos of it- THE MAGAZINE SECRETARY that girls and boys should grow up ill The majority of church members in America with no outlook of worlel most congregations are languishing friendship! If we but knew our day from the effects of nothing-to-do, of opportunity, we would become cirwhile the church languishes because culation agents, everyone of us, to of things that are not being donc. help place missionary literature ill Why not give some one a big, defi- their hands. Write to the Circulation nite piece of work to do and at the Department of the MISSIONARY REsame time meet a need that is evident VIEW OF THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avin every congregation by appointing enue, New York and to Everyland, a Missionary Magazine Secretary ~ care of Miss M. H. Leavis, West Med- Trite and true is it that "what's ford, Mass., for blanks and rates.

everybody's business is nobody's busi- """ ness." Until there is some one dt'fi- SAFE INVESTMENTS AND SURE. A nitely appointed to be responsible for great layman has given a sufficient the circulation of missionary maga.. number of subscriptions to the MIS- zines the work will likely be done in a SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD to very haphazard fashion. place a copy within the reach of every First of all there are the denomina- foreign missionary in every field of tional magazines. The Magazine Sec- his entire denomination.

retary should see that they are circu- One large hearted, broad visioned lated in the various organizations and woman has given the REVIEW to 250 families of the church. Many mem- Christian leaders, and another han bers do not think of subscribing. sent the REVIEW to all the colleges in Many others fail to renew their sub- her state.

scriptions, unless some one reminds A Synodical Superintendent ar- them of it. The Magazine Secretary ranged, through interested friends, to should also call on new membprs as send the REVlEW to all the pastors of soon as they are received into the his Synod.

church or mail them a letter to be fol- A girl gave Everyland to all the lowed by a visit. It should be gener- Orphan Homes of her state.

aUy understood that one thing that is A friend gave Everyland to the definitely expected of church members missionary families with children in is that they read rcgularl~- thc mis- her denomination.

sionary magazine of their church. The Editor of "Best Methods"

Most people would form the habit of knows hundreds of children who do so doing, if they understood when not see EIJerylamd and cannot get it they were received into the church unless some one gives it to them. She that this wa~ a thing they were expect- knows also hundreds of men and ed to do. When weeks pass by and women who could give it to them. She

would like to be the go-between for "',I' lOth, ,m(l reserve the evening of that the men and women who have, and day for a dinner to the Board of Stewards to the children who have not. (Write to be given by Mr. – – at his home, at the" Best Methods" Editor about it.) ",hh'h time we ,vill have a free-for-all dis- ('ussion of the book."

MEN AND MISSIONARY LITERATURE MAKING" FROM SURVEY TO SERVICE"

Things some m.en have done and REAl, other men ma,y do. lVIrs. H. L. Goddard of Walpole, Several laymen presented one of Mass., has given her Missionary Sothe outstanding missionary books to ciety an opportunity of not only heare,"ery pastor of their denomination. ing and reading "From Survey to Service" but of seeing it also. ht- One keen judge of values gavp stead of the usual program of paperR copies of the best book he could find on the various topics, a very simple 011 "Missions in the Sunday-School" but effective dramatic presentation of to Sunday-school Superintendents of the various chapters was given. his acquaintance. The scenc was the home of the pres- A prominent banker in a southern ident of a missionary society who was city, who knew a good investment deeply interested in foreign missions, when he saw one. carefully selected but who made very clear the fact that missionary biographies for ;ver forty she couldn't exactly see that home boys of his acquaintance and sent missions were really missions. She them as a personal gift, with his card. had called together her Committee on the Year's Program and previous to A pastor invited all of his church their arrival, was busied with her officers to be his guests for one night mail. Among other letters was a rea week at a six weeks' Discussion Club quest from the Mission Study Secreand used a missionary book as thc tary that her society study the texthasis for it. After the first interesting' book" From Survey to ServicE'." Her meeting the men were glad to pur- comments to her maid revealed how chase copies of the book. little she knew about Home Mission needs and how undersized was her es- * «< * timate of the importance of that work.

Do You SEE OPPORTUNITY HERE? The first member of the Committee Tn a Men's Bible Class presenting a to arrive had been to Hawaii and prelife story of a great missionary to sented, in a striking conversational every boy who graduates at high way, some of the facts given in the school 1 textbook. The second had just re- In a Big Brother Book Club in turned from Porto Rico and Santa which every man gives at least onr Domingo and was full of enthusillilm book to a boy and takes some personal about the needs there. The third oversight of his reading V woman entered, reading a letter from In a missionary leaflet mailed oncc her husband who was in Aillilka. a month by the Brotherhood to every Others came who in various ways and man in the Church Y thTough various contacts brought in- In this letter: formation about the other depart- ments of Home Mission work. The "DEAR MR. BLANK: postman also arrived with a letter from a missionary for whom a box "To be a member of the Board of Stew- was being prepar~d. This letter was ards of Grace Methodist Church is no small based on the material in the book. dealresponsibility. Our opportunity is as wid" ing with frontier work. One of the as the world. Every man of us is eager to group in looking through a magazinE' he up-to-the-minute in our business or pro- saw an article on "Migrant America" fession. We need to be up·to-the-minute in which gave striking facts from the the affairs of the Kingdom. Some of ue are not up to twenty-five years ago in missionary affairs. One member of the Board has presented a copy of the latest word on Home Missions, the book 'From Survey to Service,' to each of our Stewards. Your copy is enclosed. Please read it by Febrn-

chapter "Mankind on the Move." A en and child-widows with nothing to member coming late explained that do and no means of support. She she had just returned from a visit to taught them to make lace and sent a her cousin in aNew York settlement few pieces to America to her friends house. She brought in the Immigrant to show what they had done. The Problem which was later accentuated friends wanted more lace and the by an episode in which the little women in India wanted more oppordaughter of the family entered, lead- tunity. Now over nine hundred woming by the hand a wee Italian boy, who en and girls in India are self-supporthad been mistreated by the children ing through their lace industry. at play. The "little ehild" led their Widows, cripples, orphans and desertthoughts and their discussion to their ed wives have a new door opened to duty to foreign neighbors. Some one them. They come in classes to the recalled and recited Robert Schauf- missionary in charge. Many come tier's "Scum of the Earth." from outlying villages, remaining for a week or ten days. Every day, in During the tea hour, the leader addition to the lessons in lace making, summed up the conversation of the there is an hour and a half of Bible afternoon. Several selections from study, which brings to these downthe textbook were read and the women trodden, suffering women their first present readily promised to read the book. The program ended with a plea message of light and hope. A housegiven by the hostess, which brought in boat in which the missionary in charge the reference to Abraham Lincoln's goes up and down the river, carrying brooding over the map of the United supplies and gathering up laces has States, and the singing of the hymn, been added to the equipment. "America, the BeautifuL" The first Sunday in May is "Thread Mrs. Goddard '8 suggestion may be Day." The children of the United adapted to make an interesting pre- Lutheran Church in America are view or review or a program meeting asked to bring spools of thread for on almost any Mission Study book, India laces. In 1921 about. 300,000 though it is peculiarly fitted for the spools of thread, or their equivalent presentation of "From Survey to in cash gifts, came in. Service." Many attractive methods were de- Do you have good methods for the veloped in connection with Thread circulation of missionary literature! Day. .There were posters of various Pass them on through the Best Meth.- types. Some were bordered with ods Department. A later issue will spools of thread, and showed pictures present missionary leaflets. missionary of the girls and women at work on the books in the home, and other phases of laces in India. Thousands of leatIets the subject. were distributed, which spread infor- mation about the work and aroused THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND interest. In some Sunday-schools, at- tractive baskets trimmed with spools SPOOLS OF THREAD of thread were made for gathering the offering. The actual buying and han- The Women '8 Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church in Amer- dling of the thread that was to go to ica has developed a wonderful lace in- India made a very definite and valudustry in India. Like all great oaks able point of contact with the mission it grew from a little acorn. A missionary found hopeless, helpless wom- work and thousands of children lis- tened eagerly to learn more of the girls and women to whom their spools of thread would go.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MrssFLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK TWO ACTIVE MISSIONARY were from the Association. There was UNIONS no admission fee to this public meet- Last month we printed an article telling of ing. There were afternoon sessions ~i~i:;~!dnt~:tw~~e:'sS:f!~~lrt~e~i~~i~nco~~~i . on the three days, consisting of a deof Churches. The following sketch of activities votional service, mission study, and ~r~Y l~lte';,t~dO~~ M~;es.i~h':, tl!re~~~~ g~~S~rts:;'~ an inspirational address. A Denomomeers i;resJ~~~;!p~fo,;h~! y~~o~a~if~~t~~ °Jeh~gl~m~~~ of either Union w!1l be glad to answer inational Poster Exhibit was one of the attractions, and a feature of the t~~;~gnsan~or Ml~~o:ae~efi~J:raiig:! ~O!tb~~ program was the review of a textbook for Negro children by a Negro cIUes.-EDITOR.

The Woman's Interdenominational teacher.

Missionary Union of the District of The keynote of the School was Columbia, organized in March, 1900, "Service"; the inspirational thought represents one hundred and seventy- which was constantly kept before the five churches of twenty-three evangel- group and voiced in frequent fervent ieal denominations and fifteen other prayer, was: "Ye have. not chosen organizations. Among the churches Me, but I have chosen you and or- are those of northern and southern dained you, that ye should go and branches of Baptists, Methodists and bring forth fruit …. that whatsoever Presbyterians; there are white ye shall ask of the Father in My name, churches and Negro' churches. An He will give it you." The slogan was: outstanding activity is the coopera- A study class in every church! Study tion with the international and inter- classes were urged to attend in a body denominational Mission to Lepers. and were given reduced rates.

On the afternoon of the first Friday A few miles away in' Baltimore is a of each month from October through similar Union with representatives of May there is a meeting for interces- seventeen denominations on the Ex- sory prayer. The Day of Prayer for eeutive Committee. Besides the usual Missions observed throughout the lines of service the Union is prepared United States is among the yearly ac- to assist auxiliaries in procuring mis- tivities of the Union. sionary speakers when needed. It has The fourth Annual School for Mis- a Young Women's Auxiliary which sionary Instruction was held by this proves especially useful when pag- Union November 8, 9, and 10, 1921. eants are to be presented. This Balti- Because of the excitement incident to more Union held its seventh annual Armistice Day in Washington, it had School of Missionary Instruction the been judged impracticable to continue first days in November, similar to the the sessions through November 11th. one in Washington.

As usual, a registration fee of one Here the features of the program dollar was charged and denomination- included a special period of Bible al registrars were appointed. The study, mission study classes for adults, clergy were allowed to attend, free, for young people, for boys and girls, with their wives. The sessions this a lecture each afternoon on "Meth.

year were marked by an increased ods, " a supper each evening with an number of young women, including inspirational talk, and public evening young married women, enrolled as stu- services. The sessions were consecu- dents, among them young women of tive, from' two to nine-thirty p. m.

the local Y. W. C. A. The ushers for The supper tickets, which were fifty the popular meeting held one evening cents, were sold to holders of registra.

137

38 THE MISSIOXARY REnEW OF THE WORLD [:B'ebruary

tion cards. There was a registration problems from the standpoint of pro- of four hundred and fifty. moting missionary education. How can we secure a teaching force with The Baltimore Union and the five the missionary point of view? If we other unions in Maryland, of which have such a force we will get mission- the one in Baltimore is parent, are or- ary instruction even in 'spite of the ganized into a Women's Interdenom- paucity of materials, though we will inational Missionary Council for get better missionary instruction with Maryland. The P~esident of the adequate missionary material. With- Baltimore Union is by virtue of her out such a teaching force we are not position, a member of the Executiye likely to get anything across in the Committee of the Baltimore Federa- way of missionary viewpoint, no mattion of Churches. ter what is put into the lesson helps either for teacher or pupil. For this MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE reason I am recommending very strongly in my own work the establish- SUNDAY -SCHOOL ment of some sort of mission study class for Sunday-school teachers, ei- By JOliN BAILEY KELLEY ther in connection with the regular teachers' meeting or with a teacher Assistnnt Educational Secretary of the training course or arranged independ- Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian ently if necessary. If we could get Church in the U. S. A. our Sunday-school teachers to sit down together and study such a book One of the weak spots in the pro- as "The Why and How of Foreign gram of religious education in the past Missions" by Arthur .T. Brown, the has been the side-tracking of the mis- effect in the class work of these teachsionary motive and material. I do ers would be directly in proportion to not think this has been deliberate or the new vision and emphasis which intentional. The viewpoint rather had come to them in the process. seems to have been that this material is important and well enough in its In addition to the two suggestions place, but that owing to the greater given above we need to add a third, importance of other things there was namely, that there be worked out some hardly time for its consideration. We sort of interdenominational course of are now arriving at a point, however, definite missionary instruction appliin the development of our religious cable to Sunday-schools. In the case education program where it begins to of the more advanced grades there be apparent that missionary education are marked difficulties. The full is a vital part of the whole process, period available for lesson study is and consequently into the structure necessary for the adequate treatment of the more modern courses of Sun- of the theme presented in the regular day-school curricula and into the les- lesson. The sense of unity and conson material itself is being built in- gruity also forbids the introduction of creasingly the missionary idea with its extra topics of discussion. Our represent-day problems and its actual course here would seem to be either outworking on the mission field. the introduction into the curriculum itself of missi'ilnary lessons on a regu- But we need something more in the lar schedule or else the careful selecway of missiqnary education than we tion of lessons in the regular routine are likely to achieve in the near fu- which are capable of missionary interture by this process, wholesome as it pretation and exposition. is. At the present time, at least, we do not have enough missionary mate- With primary and junior grades, rial in the lesson helps, and what is however, the difficulty cited above even more of a handicap, owing to does not obtain. It is impossible to the neglect of missionary education in keep the minds of children coneenthe past, we do not have a teaching force with sufficient missionary vision.

This last point is worth dwelling upon as it involves one of the serious

NEWS FROM :MANY LANDS

trated for allY great length of time In addition to these things, there is upon one subject. Primary and the opportunity for real missionary junior teachers, therefore, break their education from the platform in the de- Sunday-school hour up into small segments and pass from one tIling to an- yotional exercises of the school or of other, giving the variety that is neces- the department. Here again we feel sary in order to hold the interest of the need of missionary vision on the the children. Here it is a simpler matter to introduce ten minutes of part of the superintendent quite as missionary instruction, provided care- much as we feel the need of it in the fully prepared material is available teaching force. Given this missionary and the teacher is led to see the value viewpoint, a great variety of way~ and importance of using it. Also, and open by which he can present to his this cannot be too much emphasized, school the facts about the missionary the material should be usable so that enterprise. The special days for home the teacher will find some satisfaction and foreign missions recommended by in making use of it. most of the denominations are one means of securing this missionary ed- This ideal course of supplementary missionary lessons for younger chil- ucation from the platform. They prodren should be worked out in a variety vide a curriculum, limited somewhat, of ways. It ought to re~t upon a sound and modern pedagogical basis. to be surr, but nevertheless a curricu- Modern American youth is precocious lum for systematic missionary instructo a degree. It will not do to attempt tion. our missionary instruction in an antiquated way. There should be hancl Many schools have a missionary work and other forms of expressional Sunday every month, some of them work as well as stories of vital interest. The possibilities along this line more than one a month, and utilize the have not been exhausted-paint books. posters, cut-outs, improvised dramati- devotional period of the Sundayzations, the making of scrapbooks, or school for the giving of information even, for the older girls, sewing to be done during the week in connection and inspiration from the platform. A with supplies for hospitals or mission- liYe missionary committee is an invalary boxes. uable aid at this point and may pos- sibly be the solution of the problem of the recalcitrant superintendent, though we are free to admit that this implies much grace on the part of the committee and somewhat more than human force and wisdom.

Get Somebody Else The Lord hall ng~tjobsofmoer bmodey' but I had so much to do I said, "You else, or wait till I get through."

I don't know how the Lord came out; no doubt He got along; But I felt kind 0' sneakin' like; I knew I'd done God wrong.

One clay I needed the Lord-needed Him right away; But He never answerer1 me at all, and I could hear Him say Down in my aeeusin' heart "Child, I've got too much to do; You get somebody else, or wait till I get through."

Now whell the Lorr1 has a job for me, I never try to shirk; I drop what I have on ha;'d and do the Lord's good work, And my affairs call run along or wait till I get through; Nobody else can do the work that God has marked out for you.

-Selected. OHINA sale of children, it is not generally The Fa.:mine Fund known and cannot be enforced, be- T HE American Committee for the cause there is no public sentiment China Famine Fund reports that behind it. A famine is not only a "a new seal has been added to the terrible physical disaster but also a charter of lasting friendship between moral calamity, as it puts a great the two nations." In December, moral strain on its victims.

1920, it was estimated that 20,000,000 people would need relief over a period The Ohinese Renaissance of seven months. Gifts from the T HE China Continuation Commit- United States have amounted to $7,- tee, one-half of whose sixty-five 750,000, sent to China by the Amer- members are now Chinese, devoted ican Committee, the Church boards, the Red Cross, and Chinese organiza- one day of its annual meeting in tions in America. Heavy rains which fell in August, 1921, in time to save Shanghai, to the consideration of new crops, and large results from a "The Chinese Renaissance" or " New campaign for funds carried on in China itself, brought the American Tide of Thought," which during the campaign to a prompt close with a past year has assumed extensive probalance on hand of about $550,000. In China also, monies unused amount portions. Although the movement is to about $700,000, making a total of unorganized and without officers or $1,250,000. The committee is studying how best to devote this fund to members, it stands everywhere for the the prevention of future famines. following things: (1) An attitude of criticism toward es- t ablished traditions, and indeed toward everything, new or olil; (2) The use of conversational Janguage as a medium· of expression instead of the old literary style; (3) Loyalty to democracy and freedom, in government and .'loeiety; (4) Love and Moral Effects of Famine service as the supreme principles of life, applying to international and inter-racial, REV. CHARLES H. CORBETT as well as to individual and family interests; of Peking gives the following in- (5) The scientific spirit and the effort to teresting sidelight on the famine in nationalize all life.

China: "I was asked to serve on a com- Freedom for Ohinese Womanhood T mittee to devise means to prevent the HE new freedom given to Chinese women under the Republic is sale of children. The work was be- gun so late that very little could be showing several very interesting de- accomp,lished beyond what had al- velopments since the days pI univer- ready been done by the various sal foot-binding and ignorance. On famine schools, orphanages and gen- an afternoon in June a thousand eral relief measures. The investiga- Chinese schoolgirls, drawn from 17 tions undertaken showed that a very schools in Shanghai, filled the arena large number of children have been of the Far Eastern Olympic Games sold, and that while some of these and gave a series of very remarkable have been adopted, or become daugh- demonstrations. In addition to the ters-in-law, the condition of a large schoolgirls there was a delegation of proportion is deplorable. Though factory girls, students and industrial there is now a law that forbids the girls thus w0rking in cooperation.

140 The performance was planned and other woman to read. On Saturday I directed by the Physical Education go' out and invite people to come to Department of the Y. W. C. A., which church the next day, and on Sunday I through its Normal Training School go to church."

of Hygiene and Physical Education This representative of pioneer girls'

is each year sending out girls as school work in China, after more than physical instructors for Chinese girls half a century of service for the girls and women. Most of the students in of China, sends this message, "Work, the school are Christians, or become Serve, Live!"

so before leaving; and freedom for China's womanhood is thus being Chinese Christian Athletes more and more closely identified with I N the Chinese Recorder for Septemthe "Way" of Jesus Christ. China ber, it is stated that athletes from is probably the first nation to admit Christian schools were prominent in girls to any place in Olympic games. the recent Far Eastern Olympic Club House tor Women. Games. Of twenty-nine competitors from Canton, nineteen were profess- A CLDB house for women has been ing Christians, and twenty-four from opened in Kaifeng by the Prot- schools under mission auspices. Of estant Episcopal Mission. Nothing the Nanking representatives, of whom has been done for women and girls there were seven, three were Chris- by the Chinese themselves, and with- tians. All the officials from Peking out Christian supervision freedom for were Christians, the coach and three women is open to many dangers. Most members of the basketball team, and of the upper class women in China the two tennis competitors, together have no outlook in life, and spend with others {rom North China, being their time in gossip and gambling. also Chrl!'itians. Ten or twelve of the What is proposed in this new club Japanese athletes were also professing house is the provision of popular lec- Christians. With the exception of tures, recreational facilities and possibly three or four, all the Philip- classes fpr instruction of various pine athletes were from Christian kinds. There will be residential quar- schools, or were Christians. It is in- ters for the women missionaries in teresting to note that of the nine men charge, so that they will be at hand to on the executive committee of the take advantage of the many oppor- new National Athletic Union (Chi- tunities this kind of work will afford. nese), eight are church members, and the ninth is a professing Christian.

A Chinese Woman's Business N OLD lady of fourscore years, Unwanted Baby Girls A her body worn with suffering, but T with radiant face, was told by a mis- HOUGH there has heena marked improvement in the position of sionary that she must take time to girls in China in recent years, the rest! She replied: "We rest when following stories told by a woman we go to heaven. See, I am still missionary of the Church Missionary strong. I can work. With this cane Society in Szechuan show how un- of mine I can walk a little. On Mon- welcome a baby girl still may be.

day I go out on the street and walk She writes: until I find some one to whom I can "In a certain home a baby girl was talk about Jesus. On Tuesday I go born and the father said that he would to the women's prayer-meeting and not recognize her, she could become I always try to take some one with me. a beggar. The mother tried to choke On Thursday I go to the house of a the child, and, failing, tore the little young Christian and teach her 'Th~ mouth open half across to the ear, Peep of Day.' On Friday I teach an- and then put her upon the edge of

T1m MfRRTO:'.HY HEYII·~W (W TilE '0111.1> [}'eOl'llflry

the cesspooL I was called in the next no way out for thc missionary cnter- day, and although I went twice every prise except the road of education."

day for a week, I could not save the The Continent.

little mite.

"In another case, a man returning A Beggars' Union in Shanghai from market heard a child crying, and ONE morning the proprietor of it saw a. little girl lying by the road- department store in Shanghai side; he, being childless, took her found one of the almost countless beghome to his wife, hoping to keep the gars of China plying his trade in the child as their own. They found that store, and, in anger at such a violathe little girl had been stabbed in the tion of rules, not only ordered the throat and back. They brought her beggar out, but kicked him out of the to us, but we could do nothing. She door. Within half an hour beggars died before the woman could get her began to gather upon the sidewalks home." about the store, which occupied nearly a square of the business sec- Student Influence in China tion, and in an hour there were bcg- DR. HARRY EMERSON FOS- gars walking three deep around the DICK, speaking in the interest store. Customers eould not reach the of Peking University after his recent doorways. The beggars did not ply their trade-just walked in an orderly visit to China, said: "The encouraging spot to look at way upon the walk. Constantly the in China-the spot through which the crowd of beggars was being added to, and the proprietor saw ruin for the new is welling up to take the place store. The beggars' union was workof what is corrupt and superstitious ing revenge for the parting kick given in the old-is the student life of the nation. There are 25,000 to 30,000 one of its members. ~, * * of these young men of promise in the The merchant knew he was beaten single city of Peking, studying with and sent for the head of the unionpassionate intensity what they be- they call it guild in the East, an inlieve is destined to redeem the life of stitution which antegates written histheir people – science, economics, tory. 'fhe head man admitted that the merchant had the right to put the dt'mocratic politics. No such passion beggar out, but the kick was an excess of youth for education prevails any- of rights. One thousand dollars cash, where else in the world. They arc paid within five minutes, and one not simply the sons of the wealthy and thousand a month as a surety that the powerfuL Some of the strongest rights might not be exceeded in the potential leaders of the renewed future, was the demand of the beg- China of the future are sons of th0 gars' union-and it was either that or humblest households-the forerunners of a genuine Chinese democracy. bankruptcy.

The overwhelming mass of rducated young China has turnell to JAPAN-CHOSEN agnosticism. They cannot think of Tour of the Crown Prince R religion in any other terms than BV. G. J. W.AJjSH, of the Church Missionary Society, says that terms such as they have known in the immemorial worship of their own while some may see in the Crown people. And the unhappiest thing Priuce'8 tour in western lands, only about it all is that the most of the a unique historic event, "we regard it il).1iuences which come out of the as one of the signs of the earnestness western lands to inspire young China of Japan's quest-a quest for peace are frankly irreligious. •with the world and for the things that There is no answer to these influences will bring her not material greatness except Christian education. There is alone, but also the righteousness that

J!l2~J

'exalteth a nation.' Japan is already "Of course, authority attempts cor· a member of the League of Nations. rectives. The police are attempting She is showing a real anxiety to bring to restore the use of family shrines her industrial and social conditions in the home, on the theory that the up to the same standards as other family system and reverence for ancivilized nations. More than one cestors is the foundation of Japanese great industrial concern has recently social unity and strength. The Imformed a labor bureau, whose definite perial University is to develop the object is to study methods of im- study of religion, and the papers anprovement of labor conditions. In nounce the foundation of a chair in Japan a Christian background and a Christian Theology. The Education Christian public opinion are begin- Department announces an elaborate ning to be perceptible. Japan is not study of religions with a view to getunaware 6f the wrongs in her life, ting new religious laws promuland is already seeking ror a remedy." gated."

A Changed Attitude New Use for Christian Knowledge I ~~THERE has been a marked N A JAPANESE cinema there is change," writes Rev. J. B. always a speaker who dramatically Hail of Wakayama, Japan, "in the explains each picture, because the attitude of the educational world EngUsh words shown on the films are toward Christianity. Whereas for- not intelligible to the majority of the merly the Christian ministers were audience. A missionary of the Church not permitted to speak in the schools, Missionary Society relates the pre- now they are frequently called upon dicament of a Japanese cinema pro- to lecture on morals to the students in prietor who sent post haste for the the higher classes. One young Jap- missionary one evening as he was anese student told me that at the Eng- about to enter his pulpit, imploring lish examination of his class he sang him to come at once to the nearest two English hymI1iS and addressed moving picture theatre to explain the his fellow-students on the teachings words: "A bruised reed shall He not of Jesus." break, and smoking flax shall He not quench. " The dramatic reader's New Standards in Japan knowledge had failed him, and he re- T HE Rev. W. F. France, of South marked: "We can't get along with- Tokyo, writes in The Mission out some understanding of Christian- Field: "No country has changed more ity; so many of the films have allucompletely than Japan during, and sions to it. "

since the war. The break-up of past Baron Saito on Korea standards and ideals is summed up in I N an address on December 9 at the a"the word 'democracy.' The word is home of Dr. S. H. Wainright in common as the word 'patriotism' was after the war with Russia. It is Tokyo, the Governor-General of uRed to justify the rapid disappear- KorE'a said: ance of courtesy and good manners. "This is the dawning of a new day Workmen use it to justify being up- upon the world and particularly upon roarious or fighting for a place in a the Pacific. Earnest men at Wash- tram. Students use it to justify not ington are laying the foundations for obeying their superiors. All this is an edifice of pacific goodwill, wherein to be found in daily discussions in the the nations may enter together in press magazines and the like. All brotherhood.

writers start with the axiom that "I am keenly anxious that the same Japan is in a peculiarly dangerous laying aside of suspicion be brought state of thought. about in Korea as is being brought

about elsewhere. I am striving to brought a large body of people into win the confidence of the Korean peo- the Church." ple, because, having their confidence, I can do much more for them than is INDIA possible where they suspect my motives and have a misunderstanding of Gandhi on India's Need the policy of the Imperial Government toward them. M K. GANDHI, the Nationalist "In this era of peace and goodwill, .L • leader of India, is quoted in I have asked the Christian mission- The Christian Patriot of Madras as aries of Korea to help me, and they are helping me. I now wish to ask believing that India must rise above the help of Christian missionaries in Japan. I desire to aid the Korean her present state of spiritual and and to bring him happiness, safety, a competence and a knowledge that secular degradation before she can he may rely upon Japanese law for his security and for justice. You can hope to teach the world. Rabinhelp by your prayers and by your influence among those to whom the dranath Tagore and others have been Koreans look for advice." upholding the power of the ancient Centenary Campaign in Korea Shastras, but Gandhi replies: "They T HE Southern Methodist Church reports 16,000 new believers and are printed in many editions, and an the organization of about 150 new churches or groups in non-Christian incredulous and idolatrous world revillages as the result of its centenary evangelistic campaign in Korea. This fuses to look at them, because the campaign is described by Rev. J. S. Ryang, centenary secretary, as having heirs and custodians do not live by been divided into four parts: a campaign among non-Christian villages, them. Before therefore I can think among non-Christians in the cities through the city churches, a similar of sharing with the world, I must effort through the country churches, and conservation work. On the last possess. . A drowning man point he says: cannot save others. In order to be "To bring men into the Church and to persuade them to become be- fit to sa-ve others, we must try to save lievers is comparatively easy in Korea nowadays, but to help them to be con- ourselves. Indian nationalism is not sistent Christians is a harder task. So we had several men in each dis- exclusive, nor aggressive, nor destructrict working throughout the year for the purpose of instructing new be- tive. It is health-giving, religious and lievers in the fundamentals of the Christian life. We also have had a therefore humanitarian. India must conservation program for every local church, which revived many old be- learn to live before she can aspire to lievers and helped the new ones. While we were trying to conserve the die for humanity." believers, the conservation work The Demand for Purity REPRESENTATIVES of various Protestant missions, the Roman Catholic Archbishop, an Indian Chris- tian magistrate, a leading Hindu member of the Legislative Council, and Lady Freeman of the Women's Presidency Council united in address- ing a meeting held in Bombay to dis- cuss commercialized vice and the need of legislation to control it. Lady Freeman stated that girl babies are sold in Bombay for four annas (about eight cents).

There is some serious thinking being done on the subject of social purity in India today. Gandhi, the Nationalist leader, has written an article entitled "Our Fallen Sisters," in which he speaks of spending two hours at Bari- sal in the company of 350 such women, and says he hung his head in shame that "gambling in vice"

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has such a prominent part in Indian teacher to undertcll:.e it, if he gi"es civilization. He Clalls on meL to con- his services voluntarily The Madras trol their passions and on slil!h women Government is prepared to make such to become "the true Sannli'1St11,," or instruction compulsory for hoy~ holy women. The Dnyanorl",ya, an whose parents or guardians wisb it, Indian Christian newspaper '~n Bom- but the Bombay Government would bay, pertinently inquires how Mr. make it compulsory only in hostels.

Gandhi expects such changes to be The Madras Government is willing to brought about apart from Christ. lieduct the time spent by the boy in receiving religious instruction .from The Santals Discuss Christianity the period indicated in the prescribed S CATTERED in various parts of curriculum, but the Bombay Govern- Bengal and Bihar are a unique aboriginal race known as the Santals, ment :8 not. The Bombay Governwho believe themselves to have been at one time servants of the true God, ment has apparently passed e definite but who are now worshippers of the Devil, whom they 3ull Marang Buru. order, while the Madras Government has issued its order tentatively and is desirous of receiving criticisms and suggestion!'; " The Harvest Field.

There are at present many indications of a mass movement of the San- MOSLEM LANDS tals toward Christianity. They have Leader of Bahaism Dies L held several conferences for the dis- AST November Abdul Baha died in the villa on Mount Carmel in cussion of the question and in each .case there was a large majority in which he had spent the last twenty favor of becoming Christians at once years of his life. Abdul Baha Abbas, provided all would agree. It is one as the third prophe.t of Bahaism al. of the racial characterist~cs of these ways signed his name, was born in people to seek unanimous agreement. Shiraz, Persia, May 23, 1844. It was Their interest in education has grown on that day that Mirza Ali Moham- by leaps and bounds. The Santals med, also a Persian, and presently to are virile, noted among their neigh- be called the Bab, preached the first boring races for truthfulness and revelation of Bahaism. It claims not decisiveness of character. Their to be a religion, but the root of all moral standards and social customs constructive religions. It is suppose1 are more wholesoIDe and eugenic than to be a cult of harmony, of brother- prevail generally in India. Chris- hood, of infinite charity. It is said tianized and educated they will take that Mirza received his firct inspira- their place as one of the dominatiucr tion to found the cult in the words influences in the future Churcb and of Achmet the Turk: "Religion means State of India. the various ways in which God is worshipped. "

Religious Education in India In 1912 Abdul Baha visited the T HIS question has been under spe- United States and was received not cial consideration in India, and only by the societies of Bahaism, the government; of Bombay and which had gradually grown up here, Madras presidencies have issued or- but also by several universities.

ders, which provide for the use of school and college premises for re- Less Bigotry in Persia A ligious teaching out of the ordinary MEDICAL missionary of the Church Missionary Society itinerhours for instruction. "The Bombay Government does not allow a teacher ating in company with an Armenian in the employ of Government to give assistant in some villages near Isfa- such religious teaching, but the han, Persia, had some experiences Madras Government permits the whiClh illustrate the gradual breaking

down of bigotry. During three days Armenians Again in Danger over fifty Bibles '1nd Scripture por- tions were sold, and some 500 people T HE agreement recently made by in the aggregate listened attentively the French Government, to recog- to direct and simple gospel addresses nize the Turkish Nationalists under illustrated by lantern pictures. The Mustapha Kemal Pasha as a de facto chief of the village entertained them, government and to withdraw from lnd they sat down to a meal, all of Cilicia, has not only broken up the them-Mohammedans and Christians unity of the Allies in dealing with -eating out of the same dishes. This the Near East, but drove 100,000 Arwillingness on the part of Moslems to menians from that region. They were eat with Christians is increasing. believed to be in danger of annihila- tion, unless adequate steps were Encouraging Contrasts in Persia taken for their protection before the evacuation of the French troops was DR. EDWARD M. DODD, of the completed. The Turks, incensed by Presbyterian Mission in Tabriz, the aid Armenians gave France, had Persia, now on furlough, points out announced that as soon as the withthe encouraging contrasts between drawal of the French army was comconditions in 'Western Persia a year plete, they would build mosques with ago and now. In December, 1920, the the skulls of the Armenians and political 'lituation was very dubious other Christians in Cilicia. Already and the mission work at a minimum. practically the entire population of The threat of Bo~shevik occupatIOn Zeitolln, a city in the Taurus mrunund general disorder forced almost tains, has bePD destroyed. The the entire foreign colony in Tabriz United States .~el'" a. naval vessel to and some 1,200 Sjrians from Urumia Mersina and helped to maintain quiet who were there to migrate to Hama- during the exodus of the frightened dan and other easterly cities. There Christians from Cilicia. seemed every likelihood that the W9rk of the mission would be seriously MissionaX"> C'onditions in Turkey halted, if not entirely wrecked. "This year," says Dr. Dodd, "the future T HE Kemalist Government has of the work looks brighter than per- shown its hostility to missionary haps at any time in many years. The work, Dot only by obstructing relief crash did not come. The evacuated measures in Kharput but by imposing stations of Tabriz in West Persia, a tax of 6,000 Turkish lire on the and Meshed and Resht in East Persia, salaries of the American relief and have been reoccupied. And work has missionary workers, without any inbeen going on all along the line f'111 dication as to the basis or time for blast. which it is demanded.

"At Tabriz during the period of All but three of the American suspense last winter, when rumors Board missionaries have been exfrom the Caucasus were rife :md it pelled from Marsovan and even Dr. was uncertain what the political '-,ut- Marden's big hospital has been closed. come would be, the church work under In some other sections, however, work l'[r. Pittman took on fresh evidences is going on well. Eighty per cent of of life. The months of uneasiness the Board's force of 137 missionaries and difficulty were m(}n~11:l of growth are on the ground. Of these, twentyand progress. According to the ob- six are engaged in Near East Relief, servation of old church members, eighty-foUl are doing Tegular misthere has never been such a time of sionary work. The following stations are still occupied: Constantinople, deep interest and consecration as dur- Brousa, Smyrna, Marsovan (three ing the winter and spring of 1921." missionaries), Sivas, Cesarea, Talas, Trebizond, Harpoot (three mission-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

aries), Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, other hand a more conservative group, Marash. Dr. Ussher is at Erivan in headed by the Prime Minister and the Caucasus, covering also TitUs and other officials then in power, argued Alexandropol, now under Soviet con- their rights to represent Egypt.

trol. The schools in the coast cities Gradually the country grew weary are all operating, many of them with of disturbances and popular favor large enrolments, Moslem students settled down slowly in favor of the being much in evidence. conservative group. A delegation was appointed to carry on the negotia- AFRICA tions with the British Government.

Growth of Cairo University Recent report.s indicate that progress T HE American University at Cairo has been made, and it is expected that opened the current year with an before long the Egyptian delegation increase of six in its teaching force will return to Egypt with definite and a litudent enrolment of 201 as proposals which will mark a very conagainst 150 a year ago. Among these siderable advance toward self-governstudents, forty-eight are sons of gov- ment. Meanwhile, the national exernment officials, eighty-one of land pectation in this direction is a powerowners, twenty-seven of merchants, ful stimulus to the prevailing demand eight of lawyers, ten of doctors, four for the best possible education for the of mayors of towns or villages, three rising generation.

of judges, seven of civil engineers, while one is the son of a Minister of Waiting List at Assiut Justice, one a son of a Commandant T HE United Presbyterian College of Police, and one a son of the vice- at Assiut, which a member of the president of the native court. Their recent Milner Commission to Egypt social standing is further evident from called" a wonderful institution, doing the fact that thirty-one boys are sons the largest work of its kind in the of beys and three are sons of pashas. country," enrolled over 700 students Fifty-six per eent of the enrolment at its opening this year. Extra. diviis Moslem, and for the most part the sions of classes were arranged, addistudents enrolled are Egyptian. tional teachers were secured, and dormitory beds were crowded closer The School of Oriental Studies, which has grown out of what has been together; but capacity in a number known as the Cairo Study Center, of departments was quickly reached, has been established as a part of the and notices were sent to the news- University. papers, asking students from a dis- Outlook for Egyptian Independence tance not to come until they had been notified that places would be available. A LITTLE more than a year has On the waiting list the names of sons passed- since the publication of of beys and city mayors were written the Milner Commission's Report, with the names of the sons of fellahin, which, it will be remembered, sug- for the students who crowded at the gested the possibility of self-government for Egypt, the appointment of a college doors represented every strata delegation which should negotiate a of social life, as well as every section treaty with Great Britain and the of Egypt.

formulating of a constitution which should be adopted by England. For New Coptic Sunday Schools A months, Egypt was in the throes of N Egyptian young man, Yusef Iskander Grace. a member of the excitement. On the one hand a lib- eral party, headed by Zaghloul Pasha, Orthodox Coptic Church, came some asserted its claim to represent Egypt eighteen months ago to the office of in any such negotiations, while on the Rev. Stephen van R. Trowbridge,

representative of the World's Sunday Sle••or ~eD1orial lIOD1e School Association in Egypt, seeking E IGHTY million people in Central to know how he might work for Christ Africa are still pagan. Eight within his church. Mr. Trowbridge gave him an Arabic copy of Marion hundred distinct tribes are almost en- Lawrance's "How to Conduct a Sunday School," and the young man re- tirely without the Gospel. Including solved to devote his life to introducing Bible study among the children the French Niger Provinces, the numof the Coptic Church. The priests have for centuries discouraged in- ber of waiting tribes probably exceeds dividual study of the Word of God, reserving the reading and interpre- 2,000. tation to the clergy. Thus the Bible has been neglected. But through this When the Slessor Memorial Home new effort of fifty young men, led by Mr. Grace, 2,800 scholars, chiefly was established in Arochuku in 1915, boys, have been gathered into classes, and have received New Testaments the chiefs and people of Okoyong or single gospels, besides weekly lesson helps. The movement has spread gave £20 to the institution, in memory from Cairo to Alexandria, Assiut and provincial cities. of the "Ma" who had done so much for them. This, however, did not satisfy them. They determined to have a memorial home of their own at Akpap, and last year courageously attacked the problem of erecting buildings that would accommodate thirty girls. Above the front door are the words: "Okoyong Memorial Home. " Underneath, in Efik: "Her children shall rise up and call her blessed. " Lite of Faith.

A Lost Opportunity ECAUSE Christians at home did Breaking with Idolatry B not respond to the appeals of the N missionaries at Elat, in the Kamerun, EWS has come recently of 300 young men joining the church for men and money to establish new at Ikere in the Yoruba country, West work in Younde among the Beti peo- Africa, on one day. These converts ple, the opportunity has been lost. then reported themselves to the Rev. George Schwab, who has recently chiefs, declaring that they would not been touring in that region, writes: have anything more to do with "The Roman Catholics have occupied idolatry. This brought on them the the site of the station formerly pos- wrath of the chiefs who had depended sessed by the Gossner Mission. The hitherto on these young men to keep people tired of waiting for us to do idol houses in repair and the groves something, so got a teacher from in order. Ikere is the largest town in Younde. Our procrastination in ac- Ekiti, with a population of nearly quiring the site selected by us at 50,000, but there is only one Christian Younde, after we had advertised our teacher, and he is a young man, and intentions for almost two years, may has two churches and more than 1,000 cost us that site, too." Christians to care for. A scout troop The greatest danger continues to was formed about six months ago, be from Islam. He says; "Weare consisting of boys from the mission realizing at last how great is this flood school.

of Islam, penetrating into every nook and corner of the heathen peoples of Prohibition in the Transvaal T Kamerun. With open and protected HE Prohibition movement in South Africa is gaining rapid routes under the government, there is nothing but the power of God to headway as the churches are taking keep them out of all the Congo basin, hold of the question. A representa- and then southward. What is going tive congress held in Johannesburg to be done about it?" under the leadership of the Dutch

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reformed Church, voted for "total which films on West Africa were prohibition for the whole of the Union shown, and addresses given on the for all races, at the earliest moment." Call to Service. During the first four- .Another resolution called upon the teen days of the campaign approxi- Transvaal Department of Education mately 12,000 young men and young to provide for scientific instruction women and over 5,000 children were in the schools on the effects of alcohol reached in this way. In nearly every ()n the human system, su(}h teaching case the places of meeting were having been .recognized by the con- crowded, and an enthusiastic spirit ference as having been an important was aroused. Missionary books found factor in making possible the Pro- a ready sale.

hibition amendment in the United States. Chinese Missions in Liverpool A Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Africa L IVERPOOL has probably the larg- est Chinese population in Great M AX YERGAN, the first per- Britain, many of them coming as sea- manent secretary of the Young men and remaining to establish a busi- Men's Christian Association appoint- ness. Fourteen years ago a Christian oed for service in Africa, sailed from layman, whose place of business bor- New York for his post on November dered on the Chinese quarter, felt a 26, 1921. He was born in Raleigh, compelling desire to help these hea- N. C., and educated at Shaw Uni- then in a Christian land, and although versity in that city. At a summer he was neither physically strong nor conference during his student days well-to-do, he made the venture and he dedicated himself to Christian the results form a new chapter in the -service, wherever God might call him, Acts of the Apostles. This consebut with the hope that he might be crated worker, Mr. G. A. Kirkham, -sent to Africa. After his graduation began with an invitation to a Sunday- from the Y. M. C. A. College a;t school which grew so rapidly that in Springfield, Mass., he was placed in three years twenty students were bap- {Jharge of the Colored Men's Depart- tized. He taught English from a ment of the Y. M. C. A. of America, blackboard while his pupils taught .and in 1916 went to German East him Chinese, and thus became so pro- Africa and served with both white ficient in their language that he could and colored soldiers for many months. preach to them in it. Altogether he When the British National Council established fourteen missions for Chi- of the Y. M. C. A. asked the foreign nese in Liverpool. Mr. Kirkham died division of the American "Y" to send last year, but the work is continued by 'Out a secretary for her colonies in his assistant.

Africa, the Colored Men's Depart- ment pledged the financing of the For the Children of France R work, and Max Yergan was selected ECONSTRUCTION in France in- cludes the saving and training of for the post. the hundreds of thousands of inno- EUROPE cent children whose fathers died in C. M. S. "Young Life Campaign" the war. The number of dead, wounded and missing French soldiers T HE Church of England has been is said to be over 4,500,000. Who is seeking to arouse among its young people a deeper interest in missions to care for their children T The Amer- through a "Young Life Campaign" ican "Kindergarten Unit" of which which was one of the leading features Miss Fanniebelle Curtis of Brooklyn, {)f the autumn home propaganda of New York, is director, was established the Church Missionary Society. Meet- in the autumn of 1917 and has already ings were held all over London, at been able to give help to over 25,000

refugee Freneh children. There are have passed through this bureau win now about thirty-five eenters where constitute at least a portion of Italy's children are fed and clothed and are quota to be admitted to America.

trained in body and mind. In their Congregationalist.

" Jardin d 'Enfants" they learn, among other things, to play and to The "Y." in Serbia laugh, to weave and to sew and to T HE Y. M. C. A. movement in make baskets. Books are in great Serbia has made a valuable condemand for those who can read. Forty tribution to the life of the people, young women, most of them from through the work of Prof. George America, are engaged in this work Arandjelovitch who resigned his chair which is supported by voluntary con- of language and literature in the Uni- tributions. For further information, versity to develop Y. M. C. A. work. address Miss Helen Watts, Secretary, The task during the past year has 166 Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. been to consolidate in strategic cen- ters, which are already becoming Danish Missions radiating points of inspiration and T HE report of the Danish Mission- service. The intense religious Slav ary Society for 1920 shows that temperament and the growing na- this society supports in India 15 or- tional spirit which sees the dreams of'

dained missionaries, 13 women mis- five centuries approaching realization, sionaries, 2 medical missionaries (1 have responded to the appeal of the- male and 1 female) and 240 native movement in a marked way, and the workers among whom 8 are ordained situation is bright with vast possibil- ministers. During the year there ities.

were 110 adult baptisms. In the schools there are 3,238 children, 2,597 The New Churc.h in Prussia A of whom are non-Christian. A new FTER Germany had been made fr republic, the states decided to sepstation has been opened in Cuddalore. In China there are 19 ordained pas- arate Church and State. In the Emtors, 2 unordained secretaries, 1 col- pire there were twenty-two state lege professor and 1 agricultural churches, for each constituent state' teacher, 18 women missionaries. The had its own established church. For statistics for this field are not com- the most part they were Roman Cathplete, but S01]'1e figures are given of olic but about one-third were Protest- the support raised by the natives. ant. In one or two of the Protestant According to these the natives in this states the church was Reformed, in China field have raised $8,920. The most of the others Lutheran. Ill' medical work seems to be flourishing. Prussia the State Evangelical Church Move to Solve Immigrant Problem combined the Lutheran and the Re- formed. On September 24 the Synod T HE Methodist Foreign Mission of the National Church of the old Board has established at Naples a province of Brandenburg assembled Bureau intended to prepare for emi- in Berlin to take up the question of gration those who look forward to the future of the Prussian National American citizenship. There they will Church. It is now free from the su- be. taught the language and spirit of premacy of the state and a board America and something of economic of three ministers holds the authority.

and social conditions, and at the same It was difficult for the Socialist gov- time they will have the advantage of ernment to find a sufficient number'

the physical equipment, which in- of evangelical ministers for the places, cludes gymnasium, baths, and instruc- so much out of sympathy are the'

tion in athletics. Church and the Socialists. The It is to be hoped that those who church authority henceforth rests in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the hands of the National Church such as church marriage, baptism of committee. children and the receiving of Holy Communion on their deathbed. A Religious Education in Bulgaria great number of Christian brother- hoods have of late sprung up in Petro- GREAT progren has been made in grad, founded on charity and brother- Bulgaria since American mission- ly love, everything being shared in ary work was established there sixty common. They hold prayer meetings years ago. A fin" educational system and religious philosophic debates. has been developed and the present state of literacy is high. Of the men Christian Work. drafted into the army, only five per cent were illiterate. Help for Starving Russia "Why should we have mission HE number of men, women and schools when the government system is so good ¥" asks Mrs. Herbert King, T children who are actually face to formerly of Samokov: "Because there is no religious, moral or even m face with starvation R".lssia is estiethical teaching. Parents realize that something more than book knowledge mated at 15,000,000. The area afis gained in the AmericaL schools, fected by famine conditions is twice and they are most glad to send to as large as the states of New England, them. A number of orthodox priests New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl. send to our schools. The orth0dox vania combined, and has about the church is an offshoot of the Greek same population as these states- Catholic Church, full of dead formal· 30,000,000. ism. Our services are well att('nded cyerywhere. " The first relief efforts have been di- rected to saving the 5,000,000 chil- The Russian Church and BVLllhevism dren, only 2,000,000 of whom are said to have been provided for by the A RUSSIAN writer in the Church vario.us agencies at work. Colonel Times describes a strong religious Haskell, who is in charge of the Amermovement with a peculiar character ican Relief Administration in Russia, of its own which has developed in cabled on December 17: "Conditions Moscow and Petrograd during the are growing worse by leaps and past year. Its leaders are mostly bounds. I am thoroughly convinced young parish priests and members of that half of the population of the the intelligentsia. The new type of Tartar Republic will starve before the priest is a strong adherent to the idea eL.d of winter. Unless the outside of an independent church, and holds world awakpl1s to conditions, I doubt himself aloof from political plots and if we shall save more than half the organizations. At the same time he is cLildren we are feeding today." a staunch democrat and in most cases is opposed to the Soviet government. The pr<;blem is so great the Soviet He frequently speaks against the Government cannot begin to cope with abuses of the existing regime, but the it, and even the grant by the Amer· Bolsheviks are obliged to tolerate such iCal) Congress of $20,000,00 for the speeches, for the struggle between the purchase of grain does not offset the Bolsheviks and the Church has ended need of private charity. in the victory of the latter. The Bolsheviks no longer dare attack religion. Rev. Jerome Davis, of Dartmouth College, who visited Russia last sum· The strong anti-religious current of mer, writes in The Congregationalist two years ago has almost disappeared, of the opportunities for spiritual and and an ever-increasing number of social help that are calling to Amer- Commullists observe religious rites, ican Christians. The church is more popular than before the revolution, he says, in spite of Bolshevik hostility, and its leaders would welcome new methods WIth whIch to llleet the new

aspirations and longings of the Recruiting for the Home Field masses. A NEW organization which plans NORTH AMERICA to work along the lines followed by the' Stud('nt Volunteer Movement Student Volunteers for Foreign Missions, has been formed as the result of action taken in 1920 D URING 1921 the Foreign Mission by the Home Mission Council and the Boards of North America ac- Council c,f Women for Home Missions, cepted and sent to the mission fields instructing the Committee on Recruit- 595 Student Volunteers-the largest ing for the Home Mission Force to number sent out in any year since the ,'take steps for organizing methods movement was inaugurated in 1886. and developing means for the pnlist- This is in spite of the financial diffi- ment of young men and women for culties under which the Boards and Christian service in the horne field." their supporters are laboring. These Miss Jessie Dodge White, Oberlin, new missionaries were appointed to 1916, has been chosen as secretary. over twenty different countries by 74 different Protestant missionary so- American Jewish Population cieties. O UR JEW1SH NEIGHBORS says Among the 8,742 volunteers who that one quarter of the Jewish have sailed for their mission fields population of the world is in the in the past thirty-five years are many United States. It now numbers 3,- present day leaders such as Bis~op 750,000, though in 1800 there were Roots of China, Dr. Zwemer of CaIro, only 3,000 Jews in America. Jewish Dr. Wanless of India. Dr. John M. people have made their home in every Springer of Central Africa and Dr. state and territory, and there are more Paul Harrison of Arabia. Also Jews in New York City, which claims among the leaders working for. mis- 1,750,000, than there are in Asia, sions in America who received their Africa, South America, Australia and stimulus from this movement are Dr. Great Britain combiued. Stephen J. Corey, Robert E. Speer, Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Fennell P. Methodist World Program Turner, Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Sherwood Eddy, Dr. T. B. Ray, Rev. T HE national conference of the Thomas S. Donahue, and Rev. Enoch Methodist Episcopal Church, reo F. Bell. cently held in Detroit, Mich., and attended by nearly 3,000 ministerial The movement was born in answer and lay delegates, devoted itself to prayer and in obedience to the almost entirely to the giving of in- Word of God. It is conducted in formation and to the statement and prayer and its fruitage is the product defense of various principles and of spiritual forces. Mission study, points of view with reference to the Bible study, prayer and the em- work at home and abroad rather than phasis on the privilege of giving of to a discussion of the immediate aplife and money are the methods by plication of any campaign or method which the leaders have been able to of education. It sought to show the bring about such noteworthy results. important position in which the de- Robert P. Wilder, who was one of the nomination had been placed as a result first traveling secretaries of the move- of the impetus given her missionary ment and. was later a missionary in and benevolence work by the Centen- India, is now the general secretary, ary Movement. with headquarters at 25 Madison Avenue, New York. The expenses are The Board of Foreign Missions, at met by voluntary offerings. its annual meeting in New York, adopted a budget carrying total ap- propriations of $5,409,912, of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

:$4,466,805 is authorized for mission- organized, a similar movement had ary work in foreign fields. The bal- brought together three Norwegian .ance of $943,107 comprises $600,000 Lutheran organizations into one body for board obligations and $343,107 -the Norwegian Lutheran Church of for administration. America.

Presbyterian Union Postponed These unions paved the way for the organization of what is known as the F OR years negotiations for unIon National Lutheran Council, consist- have been going on between the ing of the two united bodies already various Presbyterian and Reformed described, and certain independent churches of the United States. The synods, English, German, Swedish, last proposition laid before the Norwegian, Danish, Finnish,'and Ice- -churches was a "Constitution of the landic, fifteen in number. Reformed Presbyterian Churches in America." Christian Advocate.

At a meeting held in Richmond, One Denomination's Gifts Va., November 30, 1921, the repre- "Sentatives of the churches came to the T HE Seventh-Day Adventists make conclusion that one group would be it a regular practice not only to satisfied with nothing short of a com- tithe, but to give free-will offerings plete union of all churches into one as well. The results of such giving Church and that the other group, are shown in the following figures: while desiring closer relations, did not The funds increased from $8,577,- think it best for the several churches 050.86 in 1919 to $11,854,404.23 in to surrender their autonomy. As the 1920, a gain of $3,277,353.37 in one churches are already cooperating year. Of this amount, $7,195,463.04 heartily under the Articles of Agree- was given in tithes and $4,658,941.19 ment of the Council of Reformed in offerings for home and foreign mis- Churches, and as some of the com- sion work. The denominational memmittees felt that the proposed con- bership in 1920 was 185,450, and the stitution for federal union is in no per capita contribution $63.92 for all marked respect an advance on the religious purposes. Articles of Agreement, it was finally voted that the proposed Constitution Monument to a Mother's Prayers be referred to the separate committees for such action as they might deem A NEW $300,000 Cadle Tabernacle wise, and that meanwhile the churches in Indianapolis, Ind., with a continue to cooperate under the pres- -ent plan. seating capacity of 10,000 was erected Lutheran Union a Success hy E. Howard Cadle, as a memorial T HE largest union of denomina- of his mother's prayers for him. tions ever known in the United States took place less than three years Seven years ago Mr. Cadle was a ago, and has proved a wonderful success. Three of the older Lutheran penniless outcast, and by the grace bodies, the General Synod, the General Council and the United Synod, South, of God in answer to his mother's formed the United Lutheran Church in America, a body of almost 800,000 prayers, he provides in this way for members, with about 2,800 ministers and 3,775 churches. the proclamation of the Good News A year before this union of English- which saved him. Gospel services are speaking Lutheran bodies had been to be held in the building every Sun- day afternoon. Continent.

Colored Y. M. C. A. Conference T HE Colored Men's Department of the Young Meti's Christian Asso- ciations of North America held at Cincinnati, 0., in December a sig- nificant national conference, the first since 1909. Representatives were

present from twenty-eight states, both eling its church and enlarging its white and colored leaders took part, seating capacity. and cooperation and good will were the keywords of the gathering. In In Guatemala City, a $35,000 the twelve years since the last con- church has been completed and the ference the number of associations same mission board is spending about within the department has grown to $60,000 more on a school building for 174 and the membership to 33,000. girls and a hospital. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago has given over $300,000 and twelve mod- The significance of these various ern city association buildings for col- efforts is being recognized by the ored men are valued at nearly Vatican, which, according to a San $2,000,000. Salvador newspaper, is seeking closer relations with Central America, "for LATIN AMERICA the purpose of counteracting the ac- tive propaganda that Protestants are Opportunity in the Virgin Islands developing in these countries."

T HESE islands, latest acquisition Argentine S. S. Convention of the United States, have been successively held by English, Dutch, I N order to attend the first national Spanish, French and Danish. Colored Sunday-school convention in Arpeople outnumber the whites ten to gentina, some of the delegates travone, and there is a noticeable form eled 800 miles to Buenos Aires. The of caste among them. Morals among inspiring program, under the directhe working class are low. tion of Bishop J. F. Oldham and Rev. George P. Howard, of the World 'g There are only nineteen public S. S. Association, made them feel that schools on the three islands, St. the journey had been well worth while. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix. In Eighty voices composed the special the rural districts the children some- convention chorus, which was heartily times walk three or four miles to applauded. school. In some of these schools the children have no desks, and the sup- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ply of textbooks is meager. The spiritual need is even greater. The A Union SeDlinary for Manila family altar is scarcely known among church members, and religion is a SIX Protestant Mission Boards, inlifeless, formal affair. The cosmo- terested in the Union Theological politan character of the population Seminary in Manila, are the Methodist is 'largely responsible for conditions. Episcopal (North), the Congrega- On at least two of the islands there tional, Presbyterian (North), Baptist are Jews, Indian coolies, Africans, ,(North), Protestant Episcopal. and Scotch, Irish, Danes and the native Disciples. Representatives of these mixed race. boards met in New York on Decem- ber 7th to discuss the plans for the Progress in Central ADlerica seminary for which the Rev. Frank C. Laubach of the American Board, MISSIONARY work in Central has recently secured $35,000 for suit- America has made notable ad- able buildings. vances during the past few years. One mission board sent eight workers An American Committee on Cointo Costa Rica this year. Another operation in the Philippine Islands mission is building a $22,000 church is to be formed, composed of Mission in San Salvador, and has a $5,000 Board representatives, and a program property for school purposes. In is to be outlined for a Junior College Nicaragua, another mission is remod- in connection with the Union Sem- inary, to prepare students for their theological course.

MISSIONAll.Y

Xunter Corbett: Fifty-six Years a Mis- United Christian Missionary Society. sionary in China. By James R. E. As his society has the most important Craighead. Il!us. 224 pp. New York, work on the Tibetan borderland and The Revell Press. 1921. as its missionaries there have supplied many details not accessible for or- Many Americans have listened to dinary readers, the book has an unthe gaunt, tall, apostolic hero of Shan- usual background, especially since tung, as he has held large audiences that land of altitudes is so little with stories of China and of his own known. The environment is sketched work in winning his province for with unusual accuracy, and the hold Christ. When in his seventy-first that the self-denying missionary docyear he was made Moderator of the tor has over its hostile people is General Assembly of the Presbyterian rightly estimated. Polyandry as it Church in the United States of Amer- prevails in Tibet is for the first time ica, despite the fact that he had four introduced into a novel, so far as the stalwart competitors, he reached the reviewer knows; and the heroine's acme of his fame among the home manner of meeting it as a personal churches. problem is suggestive as to the way to oppose it. The bandit leader, But it was in China that Dr. Cor- Lozong, exhibits the reality of a bett was at his best. There for fifty- Buddhist's religion which has in it six years he did a work which very some points of nobility. His confew have equaled in that land. His version through Sylvia Lambert's biographer takes up comprehensively conceptions of Christian womanhood all phases of his diversified career, and the character of the true love of but somehow fails to depict the real one man for one woman, are well preman and to reveal his true greatness. sented; and the supplemental in- Whether this is because of the lim- struction in Christian teaching supited space given to details of his work, plied by Dr. Raymond fills out his or a mechanical view taken of a spirit- rudimentary catechumenship. Loual dynamo, one can hardly tell. Not- zong's true nobility in sundering his withstanding such defects, we have relationship with his brothers, and his here the varied chronicle of a preacher final act of dying in behalf of his and itinerant, a teacher and trainer Christian friends fill out the sketch of assistants, an author of important of the Buddhist-Christian hero. books, a promoter of missionary interest at home, of a tireless note-taker who thus furnished valuable data for the history of Missions in Shantung, Life and Letters of Toru Dutt. By and of a man who loved his large and Haribar Das. Bvo. 364 pp. Illususeful family whom he brought up trated. 15 sh. Humphrey Milford, "in the nurture and admonition of Oxford University Press. London, 1921- the Lord." Dr. Corbett was an un- One of the most remarkable Hindu usual man and a very unusual worker women of modern times was Toru who deserves to be known and hon- Dutt, the youngest daughter of Govin ored. Chunder Dutt, distinguished as a Out Where the World :Begins. By Abe Government servant and for his liter- Cory. 225 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran ary attainments. He was one of the foremost of his countrymen to pro- Company, New York. 1921.

This is the second missionary novel mote the great revolution in educa- written by Secretary Cory of the tion whereby the English language 155

became the medium of higher educa- standing among European scholars.

tion in India. He became a Christian, In the midst of her work she fell a with all his family, and they became victim to tubercular consumption and the mainstay of the Christian Church with Christian resignation obeyed the to which they belonged. In later call of her Saviour to enter into rest.

years Govin Chunder and his wife Mademoiselle Bader thus sums up were associated with the Oxford Mis- Toru's character: "Her letters re- sion. To further the education of vealed a frankness, seni>5.bility and their children, the parents braved the charming goodness and simplicity, " Black Waters," took their son and which endeared her to me, and two daughters to England where they showed me the native qualities of the came in touch with earnest Christians Hindu woman developed and trans- who greatly aided them in their formed by the Christian civilization studies. They went to France to of Europe." E. M. W.

escape the rigor of the English winter and there Toru, one of the daughters, The Foreign Relations of China. By acquired a wonderful knowledge of Mingghien Joshua Bau, M.A., Ph.D. French literature, especially of 8vo, 508 pp. $4.00. Fleming Revell poetry. From her childhood, she was Company. 1921. a brilliant student and inherited the poetic gift from her father. The character and influence of the student class in China ought to be more generally understood. In Amer- The biographer tells of the mar- ica, the political opinions and influvelous achievements of Toru and of ences of college and universIty stuher sister Aru. He gives details of dents are not considered an apprecithe long correspondence of Toru with able factor in national affairs. Stuher French and English teachers dents are simply so many voters who showing the wonderful grasp of her are cultivated by politicians like intellect and the marvelous amount other voters. Even after graduation it of literary work accomplished. In is extremely rare, and even then only 1871 the family went to Cambridge in the case of a man of the Roosevelt where Toru and her sister attended type, for a man in his twenties to be lectures for women. With the train- taken into serious account. In China, ing thus acquired Toru returned with however, just the opposite is true, the family to India and gave herself Between the huge mass of ignorant to literary work. In 1876. she per- and indiil'erent toilers below and the mitted the publication of some 200 corrupt and effeminate official class poems entitled, "A Sheaf Gleaned above, the student class stands as a in French Fields." A few copies of vocal and aggressive force. In Japan, the book fell into the hands of Eng- the spirit of the modern world first lish and French scholars who brought touched the men of the higher classes, the poems to the notice of the literary and it is gradually working down to public. The astonishing thing is that the masses beneath, millions of whom a girl of eighteen years should write are still comparatively untouched. In and translate such poetry in two for- China, however, the spirit of the eign languages, with such elegant modern world first touched the boys style as would seem to be native to and girls of the middle classes through both. Hers was a life lived on earth the schools and colleges maintained and yet ever bordering on the by the Protestant missionaries from heavenly, and her journals and letters the West. Eagerly they turned their disclose a character of singular faces from the dead past to the living sweetness and purity. At the age of present and the brightening future.

twenty she had mastered the Sans- With few exceptions, the older of- krit, and had entered upon a literary ficials are utterly hopeless. China's career which gave ·her a recognized future is in the hands of these young

THE MISSONARY LIBRARY

men. All four of the principal Chi- FREE AIl Char,es Prepaid nese Delegates to the Conference on Subject to EDllliaatioa the Limitations of Armaments in Washington are of this type. Easiest Reading The book now under consideration Bible is written by a Chinese student, only twenty-seven years old, who, after graduating from the Tsing Hua College in China, took post graduate courses in Yale, Columbia, and Johns Hopkins' Universities, winning the Carnegie Endowment International Law Fellowship. One would hardly expect a weighty discussion of a weighty theme by a twenty-seven year old American student, but this is just what this Chinese student has presented. He has given us a history and survey of the foreign relationS of China with a thoroughness, an intelligence, and a sanity of judgment that would do credit to an experienced statesman. Official documents are referred to, exact facts are given, the material is conveniently arranged, and the English style is admirable. There are five luminous chapters on a foreign policy for China. This book is valuable both for its inherent merit and for its significant illustration of the spirit and promise of the rising generation in China.

Playing Square with Tomorrow. By Fred Eastman. 12mo. 146 pp. Council of Women for Home Missions, New York. 1921.

Young America, at the cross roads between self interest and service, examines the situation at home, in the community and elsewhere to discover the present need and opportunity. The author states principles and marshals facts, together with numerous quotations from well known leaders. The book contains many striking incidents, and will appeal especially to young people who have already awakened to the need for devoting their talents to the service or others. The emphasis here is laid on the need of cities and towns in America for moral and religious improvement.

Please mention TBlC MrsS10NARY RlWntw OF TH"( WORI,.D in writing to advertisers. PERSONALS Montgomery Ward &Co. REV. TITUS LOWE. D.D., pastor of the First M. E. C4urch, Omaha, Neb., has been Chicago, U. S. A. elected to succeed Dr. S. Earl Taylor as a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions WIll send you free upon request the of the Methodist Episcopal Church. complete 50th Anniversary catalogue of general merchandise. This book *•* will bring you the full advantage of all our Fifty Years experience in cre- MRS. F. S. BRONSON, secretary of the ating low prices on goods of standard Woman's Union Missionary Society, sailed serviceable quality. from New York in October to spend a year in visiting the st:tio..ns .of that society. Our Export Department is shipping regularly to all parts of the world DR. MICHAELIS, a prominent Christian OUR MISSIONARY BUREAU layman, is the new president of the German attends to the assembling, packing, and Student Federation, an organization made shipping of missionary baggage, and up of 120,000 students in thirty-six uni. supplies. Save money by taking advantage of our low foreign freight . "ersities and a part of the World's Student rates. Ask for our Missionary CirculorNI).50H. Christian Federation.

Our customers order from us abso- REV. DONALD FRASER, of British Central lutely without risk. Africa, has been nominated as Moderator· designate of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland for 1922.

*** MRs. THOMAS NICHOLSON succeeds Mrs. W. F. McDowell as president of the Worn· an's Foreign Missionary Soeiety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Like her predecessor in that office, Mrs. Nicholson is the wife of a bishop.

We guarantee safe delivery of DR. CHAS. E. BURTON, formerly general our merchandise secretary of the Congregational National Council, is the new executive secretary of anywhere in the world the Congregational World Movement, suc- ceeding Rev. H. F. Swartz, D.D., who has Colored Slides accepted the presidency of the Pacinc for School of Religion in Berkeley, California.

Illustrated Lectures~ * Rental Service FRED B. SMITH, the well-known lay evan· gelist, has recently started on an eight· Stereoscopic Tours of month's tour of Europe and Asia in the all Countries interest of international peace and Chris· tian evangelization. He took with him '"i1'i1'"i1 letters from forty·six state governors ex· pressing their belief in disarmament and in prohibition as permanent American policies. Governor Edwards of New Jersey was the only one disapproving of prohibition.

*•"

DR. A. L. SHELTON returned to Tibet in the fall, accompanied by two new families. In the spring Dr. Shelton expects to visit Lhassa, in response to an invitation from . the Dalai Lama, and to carry medical and other supplles to last two years. REV. HERSCHEL K. COHN, of Asheville, Keystone View Company, N. C., less thau two years ago a student in a Jewish theological seminary,. has been appointed by the Department of Home Mis· Incorporated sion/I of the Southern Methodist Church to evangelistic work among the Jews in the MEADVILLE, PA. South.

** REV. D. STUART DODGE, D.D., died in New The Slide and Stereoscopic Department York City on December 17, in his eighty· of Underwood & Underwood. Inc.. has sixth year. He was a son of the late Wil· been purchased by Keystone. liam E. Dodge, and kept up the family tradition of active interest in many forms of Christian work, including the presidency of the National Temperance Society.

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BetterThan College Course William Lyon Phelps, A. M., Ph. D., professor of English language and literature, Yale University, says: "I thoroughly belil!fle in Q unilJef'silyeducation JUI both men and women; but I belie1Je Q knowl- edge oj the Bible without Q college course is mUle flaluafjle than a college course without tke Bible.

"Euery one who has a thorough knowledge oj tke Bible may truly be called educated; and n9 tJt.heT learning UI culture. no matter how exlemire UI' elegant. conform a proper su~litute."

And former President Roosevelt said: "Toeveryman whofaces Bfe withrealdeeire toc1ohiapartineverything,lappealforaatud,. ofthe Bibl… Nobookofanykindeverwrittea …. aD affected the whole life of a peopl….

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WRITE FOR BOOKLET 52.

always been promptly paid." C. M. D. American Bible Soc.iety Bible House, Astor Place NEW YORK. N. Y.

NEW BOOKS The Making of Men (India). By J. W. Coombes, London. Seeley, Service. lOs. In Christ Jesus. By Arthur T. Pierson. 6 d. net. 1920. 197 pp. Biola Book Room, Los Angeles, Cal. 1921. A Vanished Dynasty. Ashanti. By Sir Francis Fuller. With maps and illus' Dayspring in Uganda. By Arthur B. trations. London: Murray. 16s. net. Lloyd. 120 pp. 3s. Ch'lrch Mission· 1921. ary Society. London. 1921. Specimens 'Of Bantum Folklore from North- Two Arabian Knights. By M. E. Hume ern Rhodesia. Texts (collected with the Griffith. 166 pp. 28 6d. Chureh Mis· help of the Phonograph) and English sionary Society. Lonjon. 1921. translations. By J. Torrend, S. J. Lon· don: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Turkey a World Froblem Today. By Tal· Co., Ltd. New .Lork: E. P. Dutton & cott Wilhaills. 336 pp. Doubleday, Co: lOs. 6d. net. 11121. Page w Co., New York. 1921. The Quest of Nations. A Study in Na· First Fruits in ":o1'ea. By Charles Allen tional and International Ideals. By T. R. Clark. 338 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. W. Lunt. London: United Council for Ravell, New York. 1921. Missionary Education. 3s. 6d. net. 1921.

The Community. By Edward C. Lindeman. Self-Development. By H. Addington Bruce. 222 pp. $1.75. Assoeiation Press, New 327 pp. $1.50. Funk & Wagnalls, New , York. 1921. York, 1921.

Laws of Livingstonia. By W. P. Living· People 'Of Africa. By Edith A. How. stone. 379 pp. George H. Doran Com· 64 pp. The Macmillan Co., New York. pany, New York. 1922. 1921.

The Bible a Jlissionary JlessaGe. By Wil· The Crescent in Northwest China. By G. liam Owen Carver, LL.D. 192 pp. Findlay Andrew. 113 pp. 3s. 6d. China Fleming H. Revell, New York. 1921. Inland Mission, London. 192:1..

Old Trails and New Borders. By Edward Origin of Paul's Religion. By Prof. J. Gresham Machen. 329 pp. $3.00. The A. Steiner. 208 pp. Fleming H. Revell, Macmillan Co., New York. 1921.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1919

~ Catalog of

Brings the Orient to Your Door II enables you to rest comfortably in your easy chair. and. at your leisure. select by mail. with absolute confidence. from 'the~ largest colle~tion of Ori~ntal goods in America. present- ed by an estabhl?hment which for over half a century ~as been the headquarters for the best the Orient produc~s.

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I The illuslration shows k" ,IJ" lfil1 Mail Order Service '" lwo Guest Towel. 0/ g I"'" I J~ or Any 0/ the _rchan Pure Linen Hucka- — hack. size 15 x 22 dis. described mus- inches. The one with I cross-weave design is I n s;1 . Iraled may he. orde"d i $13.50 per dozen and I wilh complete s.dus/ac- l:dJ lion through o,!! M tiil IlK olher wiih s/ripe' / … ……. Order Sertice. design $10.00 per )I dozen. :…….. ….~ ..~l, , A hundred or more men and women in YOUR congregation need to know more about the Book of Books and how its reading by the non-Christian world is made possible. What will YOU, as their Pastor, do for them on Universal Bible Sunday. November 30th, 1919, To Pastors, Officers, Teachers There are still about three weeks. beJore the coming of this red letter day for the Book of Books. The American Bible Society will send you on request, as soon as ready, a living message with inspiration, facts and figures-not dry statistics-together with an exceedingly interesting church or Sunday school program for Universal Bible Sunday.

Address The Secretary, 27B, Bible House, New York Please mention THE: MISSIONARY IO;vu;w ot 'tHl!; -WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of .the World DELA VAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER. 1919 COVER ILLUSTRATION-SIGNS OF A N-.:w WOlu,n-MAKIl AMIlRICA CHRISTIAN.

FRONTISPIECE-MAP OF INDIAN MISSIONS IN THIl UNITED STATlS.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . 817 EDITORIAL COMMENT 823 A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA By Rllv. CHARI.ES L. THOMPSON, D. D. 827 A brief sketch of the growth of Christianity in the United States' by the President of the Home Missions Council.

CHRISTIAN 'I'RAINING-THE PRIME REQUISITE By Rw. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZm, LL. D. 834 A convincing statement of the need of a Biblical and spiritual foundation for the development 0/ Christian character in the American people.

AMERICA'S DEBT TO IMMIGRATION. . . . . By MRS. D. E. WAID 839 IIlust.rated from photographs and map.

THE MOUNTAINEE;RS OF THE SOUTH (Illustrated) By V. I. MASTERS 845 PROBLEMS OF 'I'HE COUN'I'RY PARISH (Illustrated) By REv. PAUL L. VOGT, D. D. 850 THE INDIANS, THE FIRST AMERICANS (Illustrated) By Rllv. THOMAS C. :MOFFETT 858 THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST (Illustrated) By Rllv. JOSIAH H. HEALD, D. D. 860 THE MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM (Illustrated) By REv. WM. E. LA RUIl 866 GOSPEL CRUISERS AND CHAPEL CARS (Illustrated) . . By Col HAYNE 870 AMERICA'S CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY By Rlv. CHARLES L. WHITE, D. D. 874 BEST METHODS FOR COLLEGES . .By MRS. E. C. CRONK 880 WOMAN'S HOM1t MISSION BULLETIN Edited by FLORllNCll E. QUINLAN 887 HOME MISSION Wl1lK THll NEw TExT BOOKS FOR THIl FORllIGN BORN WOMAN NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 891 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 903 TERM'S; $2.50 a ·year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company. Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., 'under the Act of March 3, 1l~79.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 156 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK CITY.

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the inspiration, the vision of. world service the Christian Herald gives. A million new short term subscribers before 1920 is the Christian Herald's, goal. The 6 months' redu~ed price offer is made p _ _ _ …. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ without profit to the Christian Herald. One dollar in currency, check or money order sent now (at the I Christian Herald's risk) is guaranteed to give you more I and better literature than you could imagine possible.

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PERSONAI.S

Young Woman Citizen Rev. AR'tHUR J. BROWN, D. D., a secre- tary of the Presbyterian Board of For- By Mary Austin eign Missions, attended a Conference of Mrs. Austin's book leads the young the World Alliance for International woman beyond her first conception 01 Friendship through the Churches at the citizensbip. which was to emulate man, to the recognition and development ot Hague, September 30 to October 3. Dr. woman's distinctive contribution, which Brown also represented the Federal Coun- includes: "her ha bit to think the next cil Commission on Relief for Protestant thing." "her appreciation of values." "her new experienoo of togetherness, If Churches in France and Belgium and at- "the family type of organization." tended a Conf.erence in Great Britain on Clotb 12mo. Net $1.35. Postpaid $1.50 plans for continuing missionary work for- merly carried on by German societies. Young Women in the … New Social Order By Mary Cady Miss .Ca.dy has skillfully arranged for REv. WOR'tH M. TIPPY of the Federal student citizens a series 01 thought~com pelling questions-a.s study outline fol' Council of the Churches and Dr. Fred use with the "Young Woman Citizen," B. Fisher, associate secretary of the Net 35 cents. Postpaid 40 cents. Methodist Episcopal Board or Foreign Missions, have been appointed by the In- Health and the terchurch World Movement to investigate Woman Move.ment labor conditions, at home aud abroad, with By Clelia Duel Mosher especial reference to religious questions and. missionary· work. A brief and scitmtIHc discussion of the health problems of women, including a * * .. simple and ra.tional system of health~ bUilding which would fit every woman REV. S. R. W ARBUR'tON a former physically for such work as present , industrial conditions demand. missionary to China, and iater assistant Board 16mo. Net 60 cents. Postpaid 70 cenh. secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Human Element in the' Mission Society, has been appointed Making of a Christian Associate Secretary of the Federal Coun- By Bertha Conde Study in personal evangelism. Sugges- cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- tions how to approach the nominal . .. . ]ca. Christlan, the non-Christian, children, and persons semi-Christian, in order to DR. A. A. Fur/roN, of the American Presbyterian Mission in Canton, China, briDj> them to a full profession of the celebrated his seventieth birthday on Chnstian faith. Each chapter has ac- June 4, 1919. He has been a missionary companying "questions for thought." for thirty-eight years. Bible readings and suggeSted collateral * .. .. readings.

Clotb IZmo. Net $1.00. Postpaid $1.10 Christianity and Industry BISHOP HE;RBE;RT WncH and DR. JOHN F. GOUCHER attended the General Con- By William· Adams.Brown ference of the Japan Methodist C),lUreh The author outlines the principles of in Tokyo, October 24. Christianity in their appUcation to the question of wa.ges, hours of labor, sani- * .. ..

ta.tion, housing,. etc. Net 35 cenh. Postpaid 40 cents.

Opportunity lor Religion DR. SHERMAN COOLllx:e, a full blooded By Harry F. Ward Arapahoe Indian, is a leader in the po- An a.ppeal to the churches to assume their litical, moral and religious life of the moral and social obli~ations in the organ- American Indians. Dr. Coolidge was ization of society on a democratic basis. picked up on the battlefield when a child, Net 60 cents. Postpaid 70 cents. and educated as a clergyman. . … Mobilizing Woman Power NICHOLAI, the Alaska Indian medicine By Harriot Stanton Blatm man whose picture appeared in the frontispiece of the July RevIEW recently Man-power is demobilizing, Woman- made public renunciation of his witch-doc- tor practices, and with his wife, was re- power Is still enlisting. How to utUlze ceived into membership of the Christian and organize this vost army of "Occupa- Church. tion Wanted" Is our task. Clotb 12mo. Net $1.25. Poatpaid $1.35. * .. ..

BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE, or Continued on page viii THE WOMAN'S PRESS 600 Lexington Ave. NEW YORK CITY Please mention THI: MISSIONARY R£VlltW -OF THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers Regular Motion Picture Service lor the Church Community Settlement Club School Grange Institutions Dramatic Features THE ZENITH Comedies Standard but Portable . Educationals Juveniles The onlY Portable Projector that meets all Church, School, Hall and Theatre requirefrom Leading Motion Picture .Producing ments. Compdnies The Zenith will show a picture as far, as Carefully Selected and Edited Ezc1uaively large, and clear as any pro jector, regardless lor Us <it size or price. al&o The Zenith is fireproof, dust proof, and Special Productions ·fool proof. The only machine wherein the lile of the film was considered a vital part of made ezciusioely for the Church, the its construction. School and Community The Zenith is so simple, any man or If You are Giving woman of average intelligence can set it up Screen Entertainments and have a picture on the screen in five minutes; without danger of shock or burns. – Get particulars of Our Service The Zenith is equipped with high grade If You Have no Machine Gundlach Lens, Mazda Lamp and Condens- ers, Universal Motor, operating on direct or but want to gioe .Screen Entertainmenl$, alternating current, Speed Regulator, Fram- advise Us er, Automatic Fire Shutter, Handowser, Safety Fire Valves, and STEREOPTICON. ~CR~1~T~7IiJ~~,~~zNT The Zenith can be operated by hand or JOHN McALEER, President motor by attaching it to any electrie light 67 West 90th Street, New York, N. Y. socket.

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Consolidated Projector Company 1400 Broadway NEW YORK CITY Please mention Tn!; MISSIONARY Rt:vn;w OF THX WORI,D in writing to advertisers

"The Cause Which I Knew Not I

Searched Out.' '-Job 29:16.

Job Thought That Was a Virtue. He Was Right.

I F Job were living today, he would search out the condition and needs of the Negro, and how to help him. He would have ordered the new study beok issued by the Board-"The Negro: An American Asset" (paper 30 cents, postage 6 cents). So he would have found out why thete are so few schools for the Negro; why he needs ministers and churches; why he has a hard road to travel. He would learn what Southerners say of the miserable schools and ignorant teachers. He would have blessed God for the Freedmen's Board, and gladly sent a large gift.

Job had trouble; but his charities were his comfort.

nOARD OF MISSIONS FOR FREEDMEN OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

515 Bessemer Building Pittsburgh, Pa.

Missionary ,Work on the Streets of New York in shops. halls. tents. vacant lots. parks-wherever the unevangelized American and foreigner. white and colored. rich. poor. old and young. can be reached with the Gospel.

The Evangelistic Committee of New York City is an association of ministers and laymen, representing the various denominations.

The Committee erects fully equipped tents furnished with caretaker•. students. children's workers. song leaders. placing them at the disposal of mission churches. or employs an evangelist and places the tents in needy fields where existing churches may be strengthened or new churches organized.

I t conducts meetings in shops. halls and on the streets. with employed evangelists. or with pastors and laymen as volunteer speakers.

I t assists men's organizations and young people's societies in conductiQl!' evangelistic institutes for the study of personal evangelism. the evangelistic message and evangelistic methods. that the latent forces of churches may be developed and put to work. The work of the Committee is supported by voluntary contributions.

In the winter converts are visited and brought into closer fellowship with Christ. Bible classes and neighborhood prayer meetings are held. boys' club. maintained. evangelism promoted by conferences. etc.. surveys made of foreign centers and the energetic summer work planned for.

Your church. Sunday school or missionary society should have a part in this evangelistic missionary work among New York's unconverted masses.

Send for the story of the anarchist who became a missionary-of the would be murderer who was brought to Christ. These remarkably interesting stories. suitable for dass use. of some of the results the committee has accomplished. will be sent upon request. together with detailed in-, formation regarding the Committee's work.

EVANGELISTIC COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK CITY 541 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY ~VIltw OF 'rH~ WORLD in writing to advertisers " ROBERTE. SPEER'S NEW BOOK r,he Gospel and the New World 12mo. cloth, $2.00 net.

Everyone interested in Missions should read and own this great book by the famous authority on Foreign Missions. It discusses the new problems, opportuni- ties and responsibilities which confront this Christian activity in view of the changed world-conditions resultant on the Great War. Probably no man living is better qualified than Dr. Speer to review the situation, and this statement of his conclu- sions will be awaited with an expectancy worthy of the theme.

WILLIAM EARL LARUE CAROLINE ATWATER MASON Tht Fonndations 01 Mormonism Author o/"TheumeGreenGod," etc.

12 mo. cloth. net $1.25 Conscripts 01 Conscienee Bruce Kinney says; "The author has discovered and 12mo, cloth. net $1.00. here brought together original documents bearing on the origin and h:story of all branches of the Mormon Church. A plea in story Fonn for volunteers for Medical Mi88ion ~rhdr.:::v8eod:~artling that they must be either accepted Th~kh~~o~~~t~;i::ri~i:l:"h~t;; b!~i:gc~:ti~~={:~£!~~ CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D. D. during our World War. A parallel field of opportunity is The Soul Df America here presented with every promise of equal stimulus to times of peace. The contribution of Presbyterian Home Mis- MRS. H. G. UNDERWOOD sions. Illustrated. cloth, net $1.25; paper. net Underwood of Korea 50c. , A .record of the Life and Work of Horace G. A lucid clearly defined statement of what has been done Underwood, D. D. Illustrated. cloth. net $1.50.

on the North Ainerican Continent. in Home Mission field no~~n:~Jifai:hf:ii~ i~P~:~:&f::o:ri~~~::ew:eo.!:.b:;:~ by the Presbyterian ChUl ch. scntinK' his character. consecration. faith and indomitable WINIFRED W. BARTON courage."-Mi88iona.

John P. Williamson CHARLES KENDALL HARRINGTON A Brother to the Sioux. Drawing. by John Mt3s!onary Amer. Baptist Foretgn Miss. Socl£t1l to Japan Redowl. Illustrated. 12mo. cloth. net $1.75. Captain Bickel 01 the Inland Sea "On the. prai.ries Dr. Williamson spent a life of over eighty years crowded with adventures. hardship8 and toil Illustrated. Bvo, cloth. net $1.75. as he laid out trai]s fOJ civilization. Such men are our truest empire builders."-Albert Wenz in the Dakota da;'!:e:i=dS:~i~e:~ tto:t t:~~or:sre:el~!~ 8:::S::i~i: Parmer. th,iIling. informing and at the _me time a story of gre",t sp:ritual urgency and power."- Watchman-Examiner. GRACE H. KNAPP MisS!Onar't':{~im~::J!r1can Board HARRIET NEWELL NOYES Canton. China.

The Tragedy of Bitlis A Light In the Land of Sinim A chapter of Armenia's suffering. Illustrated. Forty-live Years in the True Light Seminary. 12mo. cloth. net $1.00. 1872-1917. Fully Illustrated. 8vo. net $1.50.

The district about Lake Van in Armenia paased through th~:'h~~Y:; ~hris~::o:=vi~~~dalie h:co':3~L:r~f~r: the most awful of that sad country's teuible experience. This authentic story from eye witnesses carries the utmost sented is missionary activity in China for more than forty~ conviction and will ewlLken unstinted sympathy, nve years."-Christ'ian Work.

A STORY PLEA FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS Miss Emeline's Kith and Kin By WINIFRED ARNOLD i ~ANY Buak-..Ilu faT Caroline Atwater Mason says: "r have enjoyed the homely and pun- gent humor of Miss Arnold's story. The element ofForeign Missions and I REX~JkS~1 missionaries so closely interwoven through the book strengthens its quality and commends it to thoughtful readers. Cloth. $1.25 net.

I ISS Fifth A'itnue, New York AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR OF 17 N. W.La.L Annue. Chicago FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, Publishers NEW YORK, 158 Fifth Avenue CHICAGO. l7 N, Wabash Avenue Please mention THt M1SSlONARY Rltvu;w 01 'tllt WO~ in writing to advertisers for my sermons, I use MISSIONARY PERSONALS the large, bold type. Continued from page iv Then by "Just turning the knob" ~ .G~ A memorial to DR. JOHN T. GRACEY, pioneer Methodist missionary to India, is t'i$&' "9 'I'",.. iI.~ '(0'1' _~ to be erected in tl.' form of a church at Sitapur, near Lucknow, and will be known ~'I'~ ..'''' eO'l''I''''8~o~il.e~o",. as the "John Talbot Gracey Memorial Church." My Sunday School not'e.s, … … …

REV. D. EBINA, a Christian pastor in Tokyo, who is now in America on :r visit, has been selected as the new President of the Doshisha, to succeed Rev. T. Harada.

.. * ..

REV. ROBERT A. "HUME, D. D., Congre- gational missionary to India for forty-five years, will serve as Professor of Missions in the Kennedy School of Missions in Hartford, Conn., during the coming year.

"Many Typewriterll/n One" *** REV" RODNEY W. ROUNDY, associate sec- retary of the American Missionary Asso- ciation, has been elected associate secre- tary of the Home Missions Council, and will devote his time chiefly to mission work for Negroes in northern hc1ustrial centers.

w::n Would yo.. like to know ",Au the … … …

~'itlp~?:.::.amoio:!~.f ~ul~D MR. SAM HIGGINBOT'roM, of the Allaha- bad Agricultura] Institute, and Superinyou In / …r words: tendent of a leper asylum, is in the United States for a brief visit to raise Becaus. of Its Yersatilityt necessary funds for the Institute.

The Multiplex HammoD.i does every- * * .. thing any other typewriter will do, and betides, if you "Just turn the MR. HORACl( E. COI,l(MAN, educational knob" you caD chaDge from ODe style secretary for Japan of the World's Sunof type, or from one language. to an- day School Association, has returned to other. Note the above specimen Tokyo. after a furlough in the United (sllghtly reduced) Gil Vlr'tl.,. .n lAs States. SAME machin•• … >I< >I< No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. DR. STANI.EY WHITE, a secretary of the No matter ..h. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, you are, what you who has been investigating conditions in aarree.. or where you Syria, returned to New York on Septem- the Multiplex ber 8. Hammond Is the wrltin g machine * …… for YOU. Mail the coupon tor DR. LI BI Cu, a missionary in Lungtien, free folder. China, with two other native women doc- tors of China, attended the World Health Also a PORTABLE Model and Social Morality Conference held in New York City in October. Full capacity. Weight"bout 11 pound•. Ask for lPecial folder. Mailed free. * .. * lnquire about special taTIn. to MR. JAMES STOKES, who died recently, prof~• •i o n a l . bequeathed the major part of his $2,000,- 000 estate to the James Stokes Society ____________Free Folder____________. for the purpose of promoting Y. M. C. A. work in Paris, Rome and Petrograd. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69Jh Sta, New York City.

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—-OOLViLLElT——- ·—· ;;IO~UX-II ·.-~–0 ·-·-·

_ O ! l ,BLACKFEET -. • II .4. ., • I~ H"'-……'-"llll-'TULAUP SPOKA:E ~ • • •• • •• – OI,I' " E . SIOUX • SKOKOMISH AS •• !I I"I B O~ . ,I '" PUYALLUP • NESQUALLV "'–"[r·_·_·_·-·_·-t ••.:.' ·N~ .. PERd • CHEHALIS • •CR•O_W_-_N~O)RITH(COLJ1IElYENNI iEf–. .,.•~:~. – – – -• -"AKIMA +• • ._.J I II OU)( • I~'…~ I aANNOCK, .WIND RIVER •• ,, …~ ..~.-•-• —.'1 • t SHOSH~NE – f L · 0. ' • 0 o_#K ",L ,~A ~iM BiA DWT ELH L-L, ;J;-1·-•~ , HOO'*" I 1- .KLAMATH RlVfR 'WINNEBAGO ••• OMAHA ~"~""t..•"~ VALLEY . :….._.,._._._.- -0- . 'I<~,i"CO 0 GRlENVlt I • o'- ': ~~J.O ~LKER 0 0 UINTAH .. -.—~ RIVER ., "

o 00 " I – I 00 0 ,>~WASHOr: .r:;.-+ o MONO. PA,I~;~MOAPA RIV6R i SHIVWITS SOUTHERN •-.-~= o •• UTE I • ·-·-·-'::-l;CH;~~t+ JI&AW·– ")",S';:P.~' .~p>O DIGGER _ r·-·-ll:WN:'.,.2*"CKA;IOOD._Wc"A_r:l:'r+o:.~..~.:~'.R:;.E.'~'.lKLG'~t'.od.x)!. .-_ " 0 •• ……po * ." o 0. PUEBLO ~~c~c!c~~ :;,:__ ' * o 0 OSUPAI •• HUALPAI .. •".," •• :c.~~ 0tZUNI. LAGUNA I" "'~ • – HOct" •• ;r • ~::Ii"PA MtSCALERO .YUMA . .PIMA , I ",,…eo •• THE LOCATION OF ' ….L.r PROTESTANT EVANGELICAL MISSIONS TO INDIANS LEGEND ~ MORAVIAN IN THE – BAPTIST UNITED STATES .ACONGREGATl • LUTHERAN (. MIIHD.ASS'"

• EPISCOPAL • MENNONITE. PRESBYTERIAN *+ fRI EN DS – METHODIST • REfORMED INDEPENDENT @ Y.M.c.A-Y.W.tA 0 NHiIlmD mLDS This map is prepared ,by Dr. T. C. Moffett to show the distribution of Protestant Missionary agencies among the American Indians. It is necessarily incomplete. In states like South Dakota and Oklahoma, only principal mission centers are dl$ignated. Some neglected field s are not shown, nor are the locations of all the Indians, some of whom are to be found mingled with the white population in every state. (See page 858.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW1£ VOL NOVEMBER, 1919 NmmllR EL"""N XLII THE OHUROH AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS A NATIONAL Oonference was called by the Interchurch World Movement to meet in New York October 2nd and 3rd, to dis,- cuss the relation of the Ohurch to the labor problem. The request for the calling of this conference came from Secretary of Labor Wilson, and Senator Kenyon, chairman of the Senate Oommittee on Education and Labor; and from officials of the American Federation of Labor. Dr. Fred B. Fisher, chairman of the Industrial Relations department of the Interchurch World Movement, presided and announced the following policies as the basis of the discussion: "The principles taught and lived by Jesus CHrist and entrusted to His followers, as the dominating force in the adjustment of industrial relations- "(a) They condemn all conditions repressive of human liberty and social advance.

"(b) They equally condemn desertion of duty to public safety by the sworn servants of the law.

"(c) They work for mutual understanding and cooperation by the irresistible force of love and justice."

The Interchurch Movement proposes to prepare speakers to help improve industrial relations; to cooperate with the churches and other religious agencies in providing places for free discussion of any and all affrurs; to render service to industries in considering the relationships which should exist between concerns and employees and in setting up the organization for the promotion of such relationships; to promote responsibility among employees for production both in quality and quantity; to aid in the establishment and ownership of American homes, such as suburban development and colonization for the relief of congested districts; to study the immigrant, his motives in coming here, and to improve conditions surrounding him after ~is arrival; to render service in the solu- 817

tion of the problems of readjustment to the new environment and in training for loyal citizenship.

The Conference decided to investigate the causes of the steel strike and adopted a program of policy concerning industrial and social problems. This program recognizes the right of labor to share in profits of industry, the equality of women in labor, the benefit of cooperation ·between labor and capital and condemns the exploitation of any class for private gain. At the same time the Conference warned the eQurelws against tying up to any in- dustrial system or party. . While the Church as an institution, and Christians as individuals, are naturally interested in whatever affects human welfare, there is great danger lest Christian organizations be sidetrackrd from their main objective. The Church stands for the principles of Jesus Christ and is opposed to all oppression or unrighteousness but the greatest service of the Church is to proclaim the principles of righteousness and brotherly love, and not to usurp the office of the government in settling political and industrial disputes. The solution of these evils will he found in proportion as men accept Jesus Christ as their Saviour and Lord and practice His teachings in every department of life.

Men may find, fault because the Church does not side with one or the other party in a dispute, but the real fault lies with the party that does not side with Christ. Evil must be denounced and combated wherever and in 'whatever form it appears, but the remedy for evil from the standpoint of the Christian Church is in the living Power that comes from Jesus Christ.

FACING 'L'HFJ NEGRO PROBLEM R ACE riots in 'Washington, Chicago and elsewhere are merely outcropping symptoms of the disorder that has been develop- ing in sections of America where large numbers of Negroes have been growing restive under the restrictions, or worse, that have been imposed by thp1r white neighbors. Some grievances have lJeen long standing. It is undeniable that in many sections-es-' pecially of the southern states-ther~ has been a disposition to treat the Negro chiefly as a burden bearer and menial worker. Proper educational facilities have been donied, housing conditions have been very poor, industrial and social improvements have been neglected and justice to accused Negroes has too often been difficult or impossible to secure. It is reported that last year many Negroes were put to death without trial. While Negroes are often objectionable neighbors and are too often guilty of heinous crimes, the same may be said of white people of the same dpgree of low moral and intellectual development. Thousands of Negroes have achieved positions of moral and financial leadership that would be a credit to

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

any race-nearly ::l00,000 WE're called into military service and fought well; hundrE'ds of thousamls worked in munition factories and earned good pay.

Since the cessation of hostilities-and the demohilization the crisis has become acutt'. This S('( ms to 1)0 due to two main reasons: (1) to the migration of somE' five hundred thom'and Negroes from the South into Northern industrial centers in which they have not beeome assimilated socially and (:2) to the spirit of independence and increasE'd self-E'stcem devE'loped ill tllP NE'groes becausE' of their recognizpri.sacrifieial sE'I"viee for the' l'ause of libE'l'ty in the recent World War.

At the invitation of the Home Missions Council a conferencE' of rf'pres(mtatives of various agpncies interE'sted in the welfare of the Negro was held September 4, ] 919, at which about seventy-five leading men of both racE'S WE're present. Bishop W. P. Thirkield, of New OrleaIls, was Chairman and Dr. Alfred vVms: Anthony of the Home Missions Council, Secretary. After prolonged and illuminating discussion of the pI'f~sent crisis and the outlook, the conference voted to request the Federal Council of Churches to issue a public pronouncement upon thl' preHent situation. It also requested both tile Federal Council and the Hom{~ Missions Council to help adjust illter-racial relations hy setting up joint committees of the two races in northern inc1u·strial cenil,rs where Negroes are in considerable numbers.

The pronouncement of the conference will contain utterances on (1) the protectioll of life and property; (2) economic justice to tlw Negro, with equal opportunity to work on the same terms as other mPJI; (3) the saIll'tity of home and womanhood; (4) the establishment of adelJuate l'ecrE'ational centers for Negroes; (5) equal traveling aceommodatiolls for Npgroes with equal clmrges; (6) adequate educational facilities for Negro children and youth; and (7) qualifications for franchise irrespective of racE', creed or color.

It is significant that at this conference men of both races, and from all parts of the cbuntry, both North and South, were in agreement respecting the national responsibility, broader than that of any section, for the prop(~r solution of the Negro prohlE'm, and the opportunity and responsibility of the Church to make her influence and ](oudership felt in this task of racial reconstruction in America.

There should he a general recognition of the Negro's value to the nation. The University Commission for the study of race problems has appealed to Southern college mE'n to cultivate a more tol- ('rant spirit and to emphasize the best rather than the worst features of inter-racial relations. It is only fair that the Negroes desiring to make progress should be given the opportunity to bring up their childr,en in wholesome surroundings and with proper educational facilities.

HOPE FOR AMERICAN INDIANS T HE American Indian has been the "ward of the nation" for over a cent~ry ~nd a qua.rter and yet there are 50,000 ?f the 3'50,000 IndIans In the Umted States almost or wholly wIthout Christian instruction or religious oversight. In addition" to these are at least 100,000 Indians unclaimed as members or adherents of any branch of the Christian Church. The causes of this condition include the disagreement between ChristIan sects, the IJolicy of government agents on Indian reservations, the def'ire of somp people to kl~ep the Indians in their ahoriginal condition, the evil effects of Indian allowances and the lack of Indian Christian leaders.

Recently the evangelical missions have been coming together to develop plans for more effective cooperation and a more thorough occupation of the fields. From SeptEmber 24th to 26th there was held in Wichita, Kansas, a significant conference of Christian work- PI'S among the Indians, under the auspices of the Joint Committee of Indian Missions of the Home Missions Council. It was attended by over one hundred Indian workers and officers of elevendenominations in addition to delegates from the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Indian Rights Association, the Home Missions Council, and the Council of ,Vomen for Home Missions. Among the leaders who took part in the conference were Rev. A. W. Anthony, D. D:, secretary of the Home Missions Council; Dr. T. C. Moffett of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions; G. ]J. E. Lindquist, secretary for Indian Work of the Y. M. O. A.; Henry Roe Cloud, Principal of the Roe Indian Institute; and Bishop Hugh L. Burleson, of South Dakota.

The Conference emphasized the necessity of fuller cooperation and comity among missionary societies, the importance of beginning the training of native leaders in the lower grade schools, the need for maintaining Ohristian schools for many tribes, the need of legislation against the use of peyote, and the call for religious work directors in the larger Indian schools. The Conference also disapproved of the use of public funds in Indian education, asked for the immediate gift of citizenship to Indian soldiers and sailors, and the extension of citizenship to other Indians, under the safeg1.!.ards already proposed in National legislation. It advised the termination of the tribal or communal holding of property; it recommended the transfer of the Indian medical service from the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the Department of Public Health, and of educational work for Indians to the Bureau of Education; it expressed its convic· tion that competent, restricted Indians should he permitted to contribute a reasonable amount of their property to religious and benevolent purposes for India.n welfare. A committee was also appointed to prepare courses of religious reading and study for In- dian schools and homes.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

The carrying out of these plans and purposes devolves upon the Joint Committee on Indian Missions and upon the executive staff of the Home Missions Council.

PRACTICAL COOPERATION IN MONTANA O NE important step in the attempt to promote closer coopera- tion among evangelical forces in Home Mission fields is the united survey of the State of Montana, conducted last sum- mer under the auspices of the Home Missions Council. On page 850 we publish a map of one small section of the State to show the character and results of the survey. It is worthy of study.

This map is a small section of the state as is indicated on the insert-map of the United States. It is a part of a large map show- ing the whole of Montana with churches of all Protestant denomi- nations indicated. The seven lines, which look like the tail of a comet, in the upper righthand corner of the map indicate routes purs'ued by an Episcopal rector in visiting out-stations. In other places churches of different denominations touch elbows, as at Butte and Helena. Comity and cooperation are necessary in such a local- ity. Other places have but the partial ministrations of the Sunday :o:chool, without a regular organized church. Some areas have no dl arches, whatever, for large seetionl3 of Montana are uninhabited.

This map suggests what may be the result of surveys made by the Interchurch World Movement, when an inventory has been taken of the Christian forces and of the religious needs of every state.

Last July delegates from nine religious bodies met in Montana to study the religious condition and needs of the State. The denomi- nations included Baptist, Congregational, Disciples, Evangelical As- sociation, Lutheran, Methodist FJpiseopal (North and South), Pres- byterian and Protestant Episcopal. There was an evident desire on the part of all to promote real unity of spirit and cooperation in work. At Miles City three teams were organized to travel over the St,ate for ten days in order to study existing conditions. They then returned to report and formulate their findings. – Montana is a state comprising 146,000 square miles with a popu- lation of 750,000 people. The smvey showed signs of material pros- perity everywhere. The Church of Christ has in some form gone into almost every hamlet and city in the State; the buildings and equipment compare favorably with the homes of the people in the neighborhood; about two-thirds of the chmches have resident pas- . tors but most of these are unable to give all their attention to their churches. The fluctuating population and the general indiffe'rence toward the Church makes the work exceedingly difficult; most of the working people do not attend, yet the general feeling is that the Church is a good institution and should be supported. Among the business men there is evident an increasing demand for church

unity and in some places the community church has been successful. Many places have large foreign speaking populations-mostly from northern Europe.

Twelve principles of cooperation were adopted by the Conferpnce' to make the Spirit of Ohrist all controlling, to correct overlapping, to care for neglected areas, to promote joint enterprises where these are deemed desirable, to provide for rural popUlations and to make churches more useful as social and recreational centers where such are needed. One hundred and seven assignments of tprritorial responsibility ,,'ere agreed to by different denominations and a Continuation Oommittee was formed under the name of "The Home Missions Council of Montana." 'L'he validity of individual convictions and differences was freely acknowledged but the spirit of unity and mutual confidence was promoted. Here is an example of field survey and cooperation that is worthy of imitation in other localities. (See map on page 850.) CHRISTIAN UNION FOR ALASKA D R. S. HALL YOUNG, a pioneer missionary to Alaska, pro- poses that this great territory be made an object lesson in Christian missions by organizing' one "United Evangelical Church of Alaska" and by bringing all evangelical churches into cooperation in a union effort for the speedy evangelization of the people. The Home Missions Council has under consideration the proposition to form a United Board representing all the different denominations and supported by' the combined budget of all the Boards now at work in the territory. ~eattle, 'Washington, is suggested as headquarters for the Union Board which is to settle all matters pertaining to tllP readjustnwnt and din'ction of the work.

This plan presents an ideal toward which the churches should move-the ideal of harmoniom; and cOll('erted planning and activity ill the evangelization of the world. It does not necessarily involve the giving up of personal conyictions that now differentiate the denominations; nor does it mean uniformity in forms of worship and government. The essential feature of such plans is harmonious and active cooperation in giving' the Gospel of Christ to non-Christians.

Alaska has now Pn>sbytprians, Episcopalians, Congregationalists, Methodists, Moravians, Fripllds, Swedish l'jvangelicals and others conducting preaching and pclucational work among Indians, Eskimos and white settlers in Alaska. These missions have about 100 missionaries locatpd in 72 stations. Thus far the evangelical missions have been trying in a desultory way to correct the evils of overlapping and lack of concerted action. A United Evangelical Church of Alaska would solve many problems and would give a new impulse to Christian work that can be secured in no other way.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR THE UNITED STATES CENSUS reports of the United States Government show a total Protestant church membership of 26,300,000 people, and other Protestant adherents of 52,300,000, or a total of about 78,600,000 Protestants. The Roman Catholics, including adherents, number about 16,000,000. This leaves only 5,400,000. This is no doubt a fair statement as to the actual number of Protestants, Romanists and atheists. 'I'he activity of the Roman Catholic Ohurch must therefore be very vigorous and well organized to enable that oody to exert such a large influence in the political life of the nation. During the past ten years, the Protestant churches have increased over 21 % in membership, while the Roman Oatholics have increased less than 11%, including all members of Oatholic families. The number of Teligious denominations covered in the United States census (1916) are 201, and they report 227,487 church organizations, or an increase of twenty-three denominations and 17,000 organized churches in ten yeaI18. Of the large Protestant denominational families, the Baptists number the largest, reporting 7,263,000; the Methodists are next, with 7,165,000; the Lutherans third, with 2,463,000; and the Presbyterians fourth, with 2,257,000 members. Then follow the Disciples, with 1,231,000; the Episcopalians with 1,093,000 and the Oongregationalists, with 790,000.

The total Sunday-school membership is -reported as 20,600,000, and the value of church property as $1,676,600,000, an increase of $420,DOO,000 in ten years. In one year the church expenditures of all denominations were $328,810,000, of which $72,000,000 was by Roman,Oatholics. Last year, the churches of the United States made the smallest gain recorded in twenty years. The net increase was only 7%, or 284,540 members. Some large denominations show an actual decrease.

The active Ohr~stians of the United States cannot be estimated at over 40,000,000, if we include Roman Catholics who attended their church services. If we add 30,000,000 children of Protestant families, there are left at least 30,000,000 people in the United States who a:re not evangelized sufficiently to be listed as even nominal Ohristians. In addition to these there are 472,000 Greek Oatholics, 357,000 Jewish families, 435,000 Mormons, 50,000 Spiritualists and a large number of Hindus, Buddhists and adherents of other religions. Can there be any question as to the large task before the Christian Church in- America? Even from the standpoint of statistics, America cannot be said to be a Christian country, and if heart and life allegiance to Christ is meant, only God can number His disciples.

® :® EDITORIAL

f _ ' : – au ..' 'U U 0 ,Ulrii • LHN "iIW LIUU" , THE IMPORTANCE OF HOME MISSIONS A s a matter of convenience there is a general division of the fields of Christian activity into Home and Foreign. This does not mean that there should be any distinction in our obligation, or that one is more important than the other. The one is the Home Base which needs to be unified and strengthened. and the other is the "Over Seas" field of the "Expeditionary Forces" of the Christian Church. Noone should neglect Home Missions because they are near at hand or surrounded with less romance and adventure than are distant fields; nor should anyone disparage or overlook Foreign Missions because they are far away and among the alien races of strange faiths.'

The size and importance of the Home Field and the need of millions of our fellow countrymen are enough to stir all branches of the Church to greater activity and more ceaseless prayer. There should not be a home in America where Christ is not known and revered, and not a corner of our land where the principles of Christ do not hold sway. If the foreigners who come to our shores could see Christianity fully exemplified they would return' to their homes as missionaries. If the teachings of Jesus Christ were practiced in politics, there would be a new era in our legislative halls and executive offices; if His principles were adopted in business and industries there would be fewer strikes and no Bolshevism; if the Bible were the basis of all American education our youth would not grow up in infidelity, immorality and materialism. If Christians at home were spiritually awake the churches and Sunday-schools would not be diminishing, as is true in too many cases, but would be growing in size and influence.

WHAT DO HOME MISSIONS INCLUDE?

M ANY have almost as narrow a view of Home Missions as they have of the duty of the Christian Church to the world as a whole. They think in terms of one class or locality and give their interest, their prayers, their support to the Indians, the Negroes or the Frontiersmen, but forget the millions of other non-Christians and unchurched multitudes in America. This number of the REVIEW shows American Christians the real magnitude of the task of "Making America Christian. " This cannot be accomplished by Ispasmodic and scattered effort, but must be the result of careful study, of systematic planning, of friendly cooperation, of prayerful dependence on God, of sacrificial giving and undiscouraged effort.

824 Home Missions in the United States include evangelistic, educational and social uplift work for the following classes: 1. THE FRONTIERSMEN. Fifty years ago these were the pioneers in our Western States; the men, women and children who went beyond the Mississippi river and settled on the plains and in the mountains. Some were farmers or cowboys living in sod houses, others were miners in gold, silver and copper mines of the camps; still others were the first traders in furs and other merchandise.

Today many of the frontier towns have become cities with thriving churches, but there are still some areas almost or wholly without Christian churches. There is need for mission work among miners and lumber jacks, farmers and ranchmen who become heathenized 'Vhen deprived of Christian influences.

2. THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS. These men and women of Scotch and Scotch-Irish ancestry present cases of arrested develop- ment. Many of them are in religious experience and civilization further back than they were one hundred years ago. They are without adequate church and school facilities, and without proper courts of law. They are of good stock and capable of reaching high standards. They need help to establish schools, to maintain churches, and develop themselves industrially and socially.

3. THE IMMIGRANTS. These men and women have come from Europe seeking opportunity to work and to enjoy religious and political freedom. Millions of them are employed in mines, in factories, on railroads and other public works. They congest our cities and endanger the social life of rural communities. Some of them have brought a remnant of religion across the seas, but many of them lose what little they have in the struggle for material success. From this class come largely our infidels and our Bol- shevist element. .

4. THE UNCHURCHED MASSES. Probably 30,000,000 Ameri- cans have no vital connection with the Christian Church and do not profess to practice the teachings of Christ. They include the Godless rich and the Godless poor, the down and out "bums" to be reached by street meetings and Gospel halls, and the self-satisfieli people of the Avenues who make gold their god and worship at the shrine of pleasure.

5. THE NEGROES. Twelve million Americans of African de- scent are a separate race, but their future welfare is inseparably linked with that of the white race. In many places the Negro is a menace because of his poverty and ignorance. These people need adequate Christian and industrial education and a chance to become self-respecting useful citizens.

6. THE INDIANS. Most of the remaining 350,000 original Amer- icans have been placed on reservations and are fed and clothed ~& "wards of tbe nation," but they- have not adequate schQol Qf

church facilities. Manv of them are still in a state of barbarism. 7. THE ALASKANS: Indians and Eskimos inhabited Alaska before the miners and other settlers entered their land. Home mission work must be done in this field often in the face of the greatest difficulties due to Arctic winters, the isolation of workers, and the opposition of Godless settlers. (See Article next month) THE ORIENTALS. About three hundred thousand Asiatics are reported in America and they have brought with them their heathen religions. There is an unusual opportunity to give them the Gospel of Christ. If they are neglected their non-Christian ideas and habits will contaminate the communities in which they live. (See article ill the Decemher REVIEW) 9. LATIN-AMERICANS. Hundreds of thousands of Spanish Americans live under the Stars and Stripes. Some of these were taken over from Mexico with the Louisiana purcnase and annexation of Texas; others have emigrated from Mexico in recent years. There are also the Porto Ricans and the Cubans. All of these need Christian teachers and preachers quite as much l).s they are needed in Mexico and South America.

10. THE RURAL COMMUNITIES. Formerly these communities in the eastern states were Christian strongholds; today they are often spiritually dead, being overchurched or underchurched. They need spiritual awakening, social uplift, community centers, and often special work among foreign populations.

11. INDUSTRIAL CENTERS. Great manufacturing towns have grown up and in many cities there are large industrial communities that are neglected religiously. They are naturally hotbeds of socialism and social evils. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A. and the churches should work together to give these laborers an opportunity to become intelligent Christians.

12. SPECIAL CLASSES. In addition to all these there are in America, as elsewhere, many special classes to whom the Church should give attention. There are the Jews, with their age long prejudice-a peculiar people who have a special claim on the Gospel. There are many whose occupations make it impossible or difficult for them to enjoy church privileges-the policemen, firemen, railroad men, steamship employees and night workers.

To win all these classes of Americans for Christ is indeed a superhuman task and one that requires human devotion and divine power. But they all form a part of the task of making America Christian. All agencies must cooperate, for none can do the work single handed. Only by recognizing the need and the obligation will the Church rise to the effort to make America a truly Godly nation that shall prove a blessing to the world.

o PROTESTANT CHURCH

_ALlOTHERS IS l'lIE TASK OF l'lIE CHURCH COMPLETED ?

(From the Surveys of the Northern :Baptist Convention) A Century of Christianity in America BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D. D., LL. D., NEW YORK President of the Home Missions Council; author of "Religious Foundations of Alnerica;" etc.

D R. JOSIAH STRONG once said: "If Adam had lived to the present time he would have seen greater material progress during the last century than in all his life preceding." Libraries have been written to affirm and illustrate this statement. Other libraries are in process on the same theme. The North American continent is an outstanding illustration 'of this progress, not only in material things but in intellectual and spiritual things as well. The discovery of America was a scientific adventure. It was also declared to be an adventure of faith. Marvelously science and faith have walked together across the parallels of our history. Indeed, faith did not have a full chanc,e until science had spoken. Thus the adventure of great souls to find here a new theater for human achievement was almost halted until Stephen. son's steam engine lent its powerful aid. Then swiftly the twenty thousand members of the Puritan colony became the millions who staked out the thirteen colonies.

But the great progress in both directions begins with the opening years of the last century. During its ten decades, such things 827

were witnessed alike in material and spiritual things as had not been dreamed before. If Adam had lived on he might have dozed contentedly for· eighteen centuries, but would have had a jolt and a startling awakening at the nineteenth. Let us notice briefly some lines of that advance which have made the last century overtop all others.

The spiritual occupation of North America at the end of the eighteenth century was at best a feeble endeavor. It was a time of great physical hindrances. Scattered settlements through a seemingly endless wilderness made progress difficult. There were missionary heroes in those days. But they were few in number and faced appalling obstacles. Hostilities of Indians, remotene13s of settlements, indifference of pioneers who were fighting for existence made the spiritual hero's way a hard one to travel. Nor was the Ohurch behind him, organized for progress. There were a few small missionary committees, but how hesitating was their program, when their missionaries had commissions for only two or three, or at most, six months! Add to these difficulties the fact that it was a time of prevalent and often aggressive skepticism. The apostles of Tom Paine were abroad in the land.

So began the occupation of a continent for the Kingdom of God. But it began. A young nation of five millions of people, not very sure of themselves or their government but sure of the mountains of difficulty whose synonym was the Allegheny Range, it pushed out on the unexplored path. Step by step Providence unrolled its opportunities. Europe, seething with restless ferment, loaded our ships with immigrants. The nation must crowd on over the mountains. Then the gates of the "Old Northwest" swung back and the Oentral West gave a chance for God's freemen in a· heritage dedicated to education and religion. How swiftly the five great States sprang to their opportunity, and in scores of colleges and hundreds of churches laid foundations for the purest Americanism to be found in the Republic. And as yet more room was demanded, taking advantage of the political and financial exigencies of France, we came into sudden possession of a new empire across the great river, and at a stroke of the pen the new West unrolled its vast plains in invitation to the country to dare its great opportunity. Then colleges by the hundred opened their doors, and churches by the thousand. No longer was the missionary an unsupported rider on the fringes of civilization. Great Mission Boards came into being to whose direction some of the ablest men gave themselves, and which were generously supported by an aroused Ohurch..

Now again and mightily science came to the aid of the country and the Kingdom. How long would a sparsely settled and vastly extended domain survive in loyalty to central government if there

19191 A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA

were no rails and wires to bind it into unity~ How could educational and eva.ngelistic plans come to their best if separate and detached from each other and from sources of supply~ The Almighty had the solution at hand. He is never slow to meet exigencies. Morse was born, and so came the electric telegraph. The wires that reached from ocean to ocean did· more than give a chance for messages to fly. They bound states together in the solidarity of instant communication. Common knowledge is the support of republics. It came with the telegraph line. International knowledge, we have recently learned, is the support of sundered nations. It sustains common endeavors. So Cyrus Field came and with him the Atlantic cable. No longer were Americans to be a people by themselves. No pent up Utica should be ours. Politically and spiritually we should fepl the throb of a world.

Other allies of science and of education too numerous to be dwelt upon have come to the aid of the Gospel. The printing press, steadily rising in moral tone and purpose flings its helpful message to the farthest cabin door. The telephone makes a new neighborhood and there are no far off and lonely regions now. It is written that lonely pioneer wives across desolate spaces chatted with each other by kindly fires; that the smoke out of the chimney would tell one to the other that something was doing. Now they take up the receiver, and lo! they have touched the world.. AnC). as if that were not sociability enough, the whir of the aeroplane reminds us that John's angel is flying through the heavens, bearing his message to the last verge of populations.

But the stimulants that came to the Church with the va,st means put at her disposal by the applications of science and by the amazing prosperity of the nation were not the only ones that made memorable especially the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Indeed, the Church grew marvelously. Increasingly she commanded not only the centers of population, but all the vast national area. She kept steady pace with the growth in population. The census of 1910 revealed approximately one-half of our people in some church affiliation, and over twenty million members of Protestant churches. At least forty millions are adherents of the ·Protestant faith. But now lest pride should lead to contentment and cuntentment to indolence, Providence provided again as at the first the stimuli of new obstacles. ]'01' it is the law of the Kingdom that the Church thrives on resistance. We come now to the modern missionary program, its problems and its progress.

Dr. Carroll D. Wright said a few years ago: "After many years of investigation into the social, moral and industrial condition of the people, I came to the conclusion that in the adoption of the philosophy of the religion of Christ as a practical creed for

the conduct of business there was to be found the surest and speediest solution of the difficulties which excite the minds of men, and which lead many to think social, industrial and political revohltion is at hand."

This careful statement from so competent an observer gives clearly the missionary obligation of the Ohurch of today. She stands related not only to a future world, but to that which now is, and to that which now is in all its relations to people-social, industrial and political. In speaking thus of community life and interests we abate nothing of the importance of .the individual man, not only in his eternal interests but in his connection with society. A good world can rest only 011 the characters of good men. Oharacter building rt'mains, therefore, the prime concern of the Ohurch of Ohrist. But isolated good men cannot build the Kingdom. That comes from their relations to one another and to the community in which they live. With this extension of the Home ~t!ission enterprise the following factors need to be considered: First, our great cities. In 1800, New York h~d seventy-nine thousand people. Today there are about five million. But size does not show all the problem, though it does indicate something. Oongestion is perilous to clean living. De Tocqueville says, "The size of American cities is a danger to democracy." And one of our own philosophers, Dr. Andrew D. "White, said, ., Oity governments in the United States are the worst in Ohristendom." To misrule add poverty, ignorance, congestion of mixed poulations, and the crime likely to result, and you have phases of the problem with each one of which it is the business of the Ohurch to deal. The problem becomes acute when it must be added that at present the Ohurch is failing adequately to confront her task. Add the further fact that in many instances she is running away from it. The story told by the late Dr. Schauffier of the movement of people into New York below 14th Street and the movement of churches out, is a familiar one.

But there is another side of the picture. The Ohurch is waking to the menace of the problC'm, and the Mission Boards are girding themselves to meet it. "Oity Jijvangelism" is a distinct branch of Home Missions, and none more important. New York and Ohicago not only outnumber the entire population of a dozen "Vestern States, but their people live in conditions far more morally perilous than the scattered communities of mountain and prairies. The great cities are the nerve ganglia of the nation. Some good people think they find relief for the problem in the slogan, "Back to the farm," but it is a delusion. Still the cities exert their. mighty pull, still they keep up and increase the relative disproportion. In 1790 the urban population was three and one-third per

A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA

cent. The rural was ninety-six and two-thirds per cent. In 1820,. the ratio stood, urban nearly five per cent; the rural ninety-five per cent. But now about fifty per cent live in towns and cities of 2500 and over. In the decade from 1890 to 1900, sixty-two per cent of all the townships in New England showed depletion. In Connecticut more than half had moved out of the country; in New York about two-thirds. East and West are building bigger towns but for opposite reasons. More farmers have left their farms in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa than in Vermont, New Hampshire and Massachusetts; in the latter case because agri- culture had ~eased to he profitable; in the former because it was so prosperous that it was easier to rent the farm and move to the city. But this large portent enfolds a glo,rious hope. As in cen-. turies past the great cities have been the throbbing hearts of nations sending arterial blood throughout the land, so it may be in America. So it will be if an aroused Church shall see her opportunity.

The rural regions have in a sense always been the great home mission field. There is where Home Missions began. They are that field today in the old sense, and in a new sense. Dr. Warren H: Wilson begins his book on "The Open Country" by saying, "It is the common opinion of rural leaders that country life in America has fallen out of repair. The household, the Church, the school and the store show the effects of the change." The alarming part of this statf'ment is that it is made so general, and it is perhaps too sweeping. But one need not travel far to find evidence of its truth. In some places in the New England States the degeneracy is so startling as to find proper comparison only in the Southern mountains.

But here, too, the shield needs to be turned. The religious needs of country regions took a great step forward when in 1908 President Roosevelt formed the "Country Life Commission." It instantly challenged the attention of the country. Churches recognized the call and organized for social service among farmers. And social service meant every interest that concerns a community. So, as Horace Plunkett expressed it, there must be "bettter farming, better business and better living." The decay of country conditions must thus be arrested. In 191D, the Presbyterian Church organized its "Country Life Department." This plan was soon followed by other bodies. Of course the cry arose that good farming had no relation to the Gospel, hut reflection, some experience of Mission Boards and informing literature gradually wrought a change. Experiments in many states have demonstrated the value of the new methods, and suggest the time when as in other generations the hills will again reveal their strength and send intellectual and moral streams to the imperiled towns.

Immigration adds one more fold to the already complex home mission problem, alike in city and country. In both it means illiteracy and un-Americanism. Charles Dickens once said: "A man with seven heads would attract less attention on the streets of Boston than a man who could not read and write." That day has gone by. In Boston, as elsewhere in city and country, the man who cannot read and write is no longer a curiosity. And largely because of the foreign populations. It is not the amount of it that is the chief consideration now, but its varieties. The war has arrested both for the time, but only for the. time. Europe is a bubbling caldron of unrest, and America is in process of realizing an unparalleled prosperity. With starvation in Europe and common labor at five dollars a day in our country, it requires no prophet to declare that a high tide is coming, possibly across two oceans. It is for the Government to pass regulation. It is for the Church to meet the present and the prospective opportunity with the vision of a statesman and the courage of a soldier.

In this matter, too, the churches of all denominations have heard the call. Mission Boards have not only organized for the work, have given fellowships to prepare a proper leadership, and have opened schools for Christian Americanization, but they have become cooperative, federating their agencies for combined service, as at ports of entry, in the Calumet Regjon of Indiana, and at other centers of foreign population. Under the guidance of the Home Missions Council, an Americanization policy has heen adopted so definite and complete that the promise is that the churches growing out of it will be constructive agencies for civic and social welfare in the entire community. Such a policy wisely pursued will do more to fuse our polyglot population than all Congressional legislation.

Belated races complicate yet farther the Home Mission problem. The words of Wendell Phillips are worth f(~membering: "The Indian race is the one which the people of the United States have most to dread at the judgment bar of Almighty God." We began well in our relations with the red man. We have John Eliot, Roger Williams, John Sargeant, the Brainerd brothers, and William Penn to our credit. After them the shadows thicken and the pages of our history are dark with hlots that will not fade out.

But now the pages brighten. The past decade has noted remarkable progress. Various Mission Boards under leadership of the Home Missions Council have united to appraise the work yet remaining for some 50,000 Indians wholly without Gospel influence, and to so allot responsibility among the different agencies that none shall be neglected. For the purpose of coordinating all such agencies and to make them effective for the Christian education of all tribes, a joint Central Committee on Indian 'Vork was con-

stituted consisting of representatives from the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. . This committee is to call a representative conference on the united Christian program for the Indian people. Indian missions have been individualistic and sporadic. They promise now to become organized and federative.

The Negro question is becoming acute. Returning Negro soldiers are demanding new recognition of the race. Excesses threaten. Patience, restraint and consideration are called for. But mission- ary agencies must take note of the situation and gird themselves to meet it. George Edmund Haynes, National Director of Negro Economics, proposes that missionary societies work out a national program and bring it to the attention of Congress, calling for adequate common school education for every Negro boy and girl throughout the country. That would meet the illiteracy now so lightly regarded by state legislatures. One state expends five per cent of school funds for the education of Negroes and ninety- five per cent for the whites. So long as such facts remain there is – little hope of a fair settlement of the Negro question. Mission Boards have recently united in making surveys of the negro migrations in the Northern states to the end that outstanding conditions might be discovered which would guide and so far as possible federate missionary work. Very recently a council of workers for colored people has been held, one result of which has been the election of an Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council whose particular field it should be to collect information and to stimulate denominational agencies on meeting the needs of the new and urgent situation.

There is no space to speak of other new phases of Home Mis- sion work, such as that for Spanish-speaking people, lumber and mining camps, the Southern mountaineers, Alaska and the indus- trial classes. They all imply specialisms which the missionary bodies are trying to meet by training and qualifying men who shall cover the various departments of Christian activity. Any one who has studied the specialties into which modern missionary work has fallen must instantly see that the man must be fitted to his job. Not every young graduate of a medical school is fitted to diagnose and prescribe for all human infirmities.

One more new departure, the fairest sign in the religious sky. We have come to the time of tmited service. It is not denomina- tional. It expresses· itself in various ways and through various channels. It is variously labeled,-The Federal Council, The Home Missions Council, The Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. and the Inter- Church World Movement. But whatever its name it is the Church of today feeling its way to an answer to Christ's prayer, "That they all may be one."

Training-The Prime

The Spiritual Element in America's Education BY REV. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, DD., LL. D., HARTFORD, CONN.

President of the Hartford Seminary Foundation O NE of the most remarkable features of the day in which we live is the emphasis which is being put upon education in every quarter of the globe. Primarily, the vast majority of people think of education in relation to their secular affairs. It is the instrument by which boys and girls are fitted for modern life in all'its ranges and phases. Those who look at it exclusively in that light consider it partly as a means for conveying useful information and partly as an instrument enabling young boys and girls to earn their living.

From the days of Plato do,vnward there have always been those who have seen in education the process by which something much deeper is done. Among its functions must be included that of the formation of character. It is impossible to give a child any degree of real education without suggesting ideals of conduct and views of life which lay the foundations for the spirit of its after years. Today we find that those who are bitterly opposed to the Gospel of Christ are determined to undermine its influence in the world by introducing anti-Christian systems of education wherever they have the power to do so. It is one of the dreadful features attributed to the Bolshevist's policy in Russia that in so many centers they have captured the schools, and seem, from all accounts, to be deliberately destroying the morals and the faith of the children. Even in our own country, determined efforts have been made by secularist groups to establish something to correspond with Sunday-schools, where they instruct children in social ideals which are divorced from Christian morality, where revolutionary propaganda is deliberately associated with attacks upon the Christian system.

Facts like' these serve only to emphasize the immeasurable importance of developing within the Church of Christ the most powerful forms of religious education. Those who see the necessity for the Christian training of children and youths approach the matter from two' different points of view.

First, there are those who recognize that the highest moral ideals in social, industrial, political and international forms of action are somehow or another derived from Christianity. They are distinctively Christian ideals which did not obtain .i1). any powerful manner where Christianity had not come, and which are apt to disappear where Christianity grows feeble. The em- 834 phasis III the minds of this class of persons is rather this-that Christianity must be taught for the sake of society. Society is the end for which this moral idealism must be poured into the hearts of the children of the land.

Then, there are those who approach the matter from the point of view of the Church and its message. They see that Christian- ity is ineffectively taught where its application to the actual conditions of life is not made, and therefore they insist that the teaching of Christianity even to children must have an immediate issue in the direction of conduct and in the formation of those social ideals which shall make their after lives most fruitful. It is the Church which is thus challenged to carry out its task com- pletely, to endeavor to bring the whole force of its moral prin- ciples to bear upon the complex life of mankind.

In addition to these differences of attitude and of approach to the task of religious education, we must notice two other contrasts.

The work of Christian education may attract interest primar- ily because it is a form of evangelism, or because it is a form of intellectual culture. Those who are interested in it primarily for its general value as part of the training of youthful intelli- gence tend to use "the Bible as literature." They emphasize the , human side of the growth of Scripture, they describe the pro- gressive knowledge of God, as that is unfolded in the Old and New Testaments, as the result of the strivings of the human spirit, as the ever deepening discovery of spiritual values by the Hebrews and by the early Christians. For them Christian char- acter is an achievement, or at least a growth which comes along the lines of a natural development. What Christian truths are taught become limited to those which seem to be what is called "helpful" in the formation of lofty personal ideals and the pursuit of spiritual values. The chief danger of this whole method of approach to the task of religious education is that it too often results in a subtle transformation of Christianity. One of the prime motives is of course the desire to get people inter- ested in the Bible, to recommend Christianity as something worth while, to relate it with all phases of culture, to set forth its nature, its claims, its power in terms of the scientific and sociological beliefs and teachings of our day. But the result too often appears in an ignoring of the primary Christian doctrines and the conse- quent loss of the most powerful moral forces known to the history of man.

In part, this kind of emphasis is the result of a reaction from the position of those who have thought of religious education al- most exclusively as a form of evangelism. It has often been pointed out that the modern Sunday-school arose in the Protestant

world from the desire to win outcast children to Christ, and in some parts of the English-speaking world the Sunday-school is still regarded as existing for the uneducated, the poor, the unchurched mass. It is a form of what is called "mission work." In America and certain other countries it very early won the interest of the families of all churches, but in the earlier periods of its history the work was mainly regarded as a means of bringing the children to a conscious decision. "Conversion" was the chief aim of the vast majority of Sunday-school teachers. Their attention was given more to that than to instruction in the ordinary sense of the word. They did not try to build up a regular course of teaching either on the history recorded in the Scriptures .or on the truths of Christianity. They suspected those who aimed at something like real education as minimizing or beclouding the fundamental aim of winning young people to the love of Christ and a personal faith in the grace and Fatherhood of God.

With these facts before us it seems obvious that what we need is a synthesis of the various points of view which have been in- dicated. What we require in religious education is the perfect combination of the best modern methods of education with the spiritual fervor of convinced and experienced Christian teachers. At present there is a great need for emphasizing the latter. Various institutions have arisen within the last generation in this . country which concentrate attention upon the technical side, upon the study of the child mind, the principles of education in general, the application of these to the work of religious education. W'hat we need no less and indeed all the time is continuous emphasis upon the central and vital matter of deep spiritual earnestness. A brief consideration of this aspect of the situation requires emphasis upon four things.

1. The Bible is the charter of the Christian Church, and no religious educator of any Christian type proposes to carryon religious education except upon the basis of the Biblical record. What we require here, however, is a revival of real reverence for the Bible as in a very real sense the Word of God. To describe it as the unfolding of the Hebrew consciousnpss is only the lower side of the truth that it contains the deliberate self-revelation of God. In the New '['estament this self-revelation assumes the most complete form imaginable, namely, that of the incarnation of the Son of God in the person of Jesus Christ. Any teaching which gives the child the impression that the study of the Bible is nothing more than the study of a history book or a piece of beautiful literature is doomed to failure. It makes the child and the youth impatient when they find the most sacred of all relationships reduced to the terms of a psychological process or a historical discovery. The Bible can never retain its place in the world as an

1919J CHRISTIAN TRAINING THE PRIME REQUISITE

educative force unless it is presented, as in the past, as containing the very Message of the FJternal Life from the very heart and mind of God Himself. This position is not incompatible with the historical study of tllP8e books, with the orderly setting forth of the events therein recorded. It is the taf'k of the teacher so to use and love and reverence the Bible that he can convey its Message and a sense of its divine majesty to his pupils.

2. The Christian teacher must be concerned to fasten upon the imagination, the intelligence, the affection and the will of his or her pupil the distinctive and supreme Christian truths. One of the appalling results of investigation into the attitude of the soldiers of Christendom engaged in the Great War has been the discovery that only a small proportion of these men know what Christianity is, or know what it is to be a Christian. They did not know the meaning of the most obvious Christian doctrines; nor were they, many of them, even after years of Sunday-school teaching, acquainted with the main features of the Bible story. The idea that Christianity can be taught as something vague, sentimental, aesthetical, purely ethical has surely been killed by the evidence gathered from the armies of Europe and America.

To be sure, Christian doctrine may be taught impersonally, formally, dogmatically instead of with personal conviction and passion; instead of lovingly and wisely. Christianity, when truly and persuasively taught, is something definite and authoritative. It is the revealing to 'the human mind of the way in which God deals with human nature, of the destiny for which He has fashioned that nature, of the place and power of .Jesus Christ as its Saviour and Perfecter, of His own wondrous unfoldings of truth and His own revelation of grace in active service, of His own supreme function as a Saviour, who on the Cross gave Himself for the sins' of men, and from the grave conquered death, bringing life and immortality to light. To leave the child mind vague on these matters is to hold back the very truths which are, as Plato would put it, "the food of the soul." There is a great need for warning at this point. This is illustrated in a recent article which contains the absurd statement that "indoctrination is the very opposite of education." One is not surprised to find this writer going on to say that our task is '"' that of training them in the Democracy of .Jesus." The purpose of religious education is not primarily concerned with Democracy at all, but with the relation of the human soul to God as that is determined by God's redeeming and revealing act in Christ, and man's response to that act. The men to whom this has no meaning cannot teach Christianity.

3. It will be necessary that the teacher become acquainted with true methods of education; that he be supplied with well (lon-

structed lesson courses adapted to the various stages of child growth and the development of the youth; that he become sensitive to the need for unfolding the great material which he has in hand in a manner which is· appropriate to each stage of life. But it will be in vain to do this unless the teacher's heart is filled with a spiritual love for the soul of the child. It is. not the child merely as a citizen of the world, but the child as an heir of God that he is teaching; it is not the child merely as an intelligent animal, but as a possessor of immortality that he must arouse to the vast claims, the illimitable glories of the eternal life. TVe minim·ze the child when we cease to teach him that the meaning of Christianity is that he may work with God and that he must give himself for all his life to the faith and service of Jesus Christ.

4. Finally we must not forget for a moment that the aim of the Christian teacher is not the conveyance of information, but the awakening of an intelligent spiritual decision. It is the will of the child that reaches after reality, and nothing has been done really until the will has been aroused to action. The older teachers were right when they sought" conversion." If we call it "decision" we must not allow the change of word to change the substance. The deciRion which the Christian teacher strives to awaken with all sedulous love and wise teaching and prayerful soul is the development of decision into habit. He seeks to have the children form the deep habits of the Christian fellowship with God. He is not content with the smiling songs of a "Decision Day;" he is reaching after the shy young spirit that speaks in quiet moments and reveals itself in many little tender ways; he seeks the young man or young woman who has spiritual appetites more deeply hidden beneath conventional manners. He aims straight at the will of each and seeks to mold it into the habits of the Christian life. He cannot do this without awakening definite beliefs, definite spiritual aspirations, definite habits of private and social worship, and without seeking to lead out that young life to a full conception of human service in the name of Christ in the Kingdom of God.

Who is sufficient for these things? Every teacher quails before the glory of the task. It is one which demands that the teacher himself shall drink deep of the draughts of life which are in the Scriptures; that he shall seek to have clearly determined convictions about the great Christian doctrines; that he shall see their relation to actual experience; that he shall find in them the real food of his own real spirit. It is only when this, the fellowship with God in Christ, is nourished habitually, passionately by the teacher, that we shall find that perfect union of evangelism with education; that perfect filling out of education with the power of evangelism.

LESS THAN &"'

1lIIIIIII& TO 10", ~IOT015' I!I!IlIlIIIU025", _251035", _35T050", _ 50" AND OYER l'nCJnITAGE 011 1100000GNEBS IN OtJ1l'OPVLArION. BY 5rATES (From the Surveys of the Northern Baptist Convention America's Debt to Immigration BY MRS. EVA CLARK WAID, NEW YORK CITY Chairman of Committee on Home Missions among Immigrants, Council of "Vomen for Home Missions I T is many a long century since a Roman citizen, sitting be- neath the shadow of that Aero-Corinthian mountain which domi- nated the Isthmian plain of Greece, wrote the great message to his fellow Christians in imperial Rome. In it he consciously epitomized many of the great events both of Corinth and of Rome, but one of his greatest epitomes of both cities was certainly given unconsciously. For he writes, in the first chapter of the letter to the Romans, of his own personal sense of obligation in those memorable words: "I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise."

Both Corinth and Rome could have had no more apt summary of their civilization in the days of Paul's ministry. Around the Apostle, in old Corinth, surged those cosmopolitan crowds to which the city owed its great appella.tions, "God-built portal", "Nurse of Manly Splendor ", "Rich Corinth ", Mistress of the East and West. " And through the famous streets of Rome, "Greek and Barbarian, bond and free" thronged to make the wealth and warrior strength of this capital city, resources of the known world that had flowed into their life and commerce.

839

/ To be sure, it was a limited world to our modern vision; the fringes of Africa, far Britain's shores, the country of the fair- haired warriors of Caesar's campaigns and the remote regions of Asia Minor-only a trial journey for a daring aviator of today.

But from it Rome and. her legions had built "the glory that was Rome," and to all of it, every Roman citizen was debtor.

/ Like the Apostle Paul, an American citizen 'neath the shadow of Liberty's high-held torch, can well write the same message to a hundred lands across the circling seas, for his country draws its elements of greatness from an unlimited world, and its multi- tudes find utterance in a myriad dialects and tongues.

. America, the rich, the prosperous, the self-sufficing, is yet a debtor. National debts are not new in the world's accountancy, but a new form of national debt is appearing in the new inter- national book-keeping; and America seems to have the largest set of accounts ever handled by any ·country.

The outpouring of men, money and food to meet the world's dire need was one evidence of the appreciation of this new national obligation. The safe-guarding of the future peace of the world and the help of weaker nations is another recognition of America's sense of benefits received and gratitude due. Through all our bounding national life we are conscious that America is indeed debtor to the whole world because of her unique composite heritage, her mingling currents of diverse bloods, her concentrated "glory of the nations."

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, over thirteen million immigrants have entered the United States, and despite the almost four million emigrants who have returned to their own lanas, despite the reduction caused by the years of war, both the old and new immigration is a very vital present day fact in America.

What is America's numerical debt to that great voluntary movement to her borders from the ends of the earth which we call immigration 7 Mere figures teach us little, though such figures as are shown in our census of 1910 give food for thought.

91,972,266 total population. 13,515,886 foreign born. . 13,000,000 of foreign parentage.

Our estimated 115 million shows ]5 million foreign born and 20 million of foreign parentage. In the very simplest analysis, America does seem to be indebted to immi- gration for numbers, and the notable records of the recent national army show how much the numerical strength of our fighting force depended upon the foreign element in America.

What is America's debt to immigration economicallyT We need not enter into all those minute arithmetical computations that

MEETINGS CONDUCTED BY THE NEW YORK EVANGELISTIC

EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN A MACHINE SHOP TWO WAYS OF REACHING THE IMMIGRANTS

in each decade have estimated the value of the adult immigrant; the money he brought with him, the money he sent back home, the extra police force he made necessary, the charities and benefits that he required, the extra seats in school houses for his children and all those additions and subtractions which finally resulted in interesting but deceitful statistics. Weare all familiar with Haskin's significant and telling paragraphs under the caption, "I am the Immigrant," in which he shows graphically the immigrant's share in our great economic system and the burden .of hard exacting toil he bears. In "Letters on Irish Immigration" published in the Boston Daily Advertiser (1852) Edward Everett Hale wrote: "A community is a pyramid; with its base of manual labor, supporting some higher classes of effort. The larger the base-the higher the position of the apex. Exclude the population of manual laborers which just now forms your basis; you cannot keep your apex where it has been."

We may not agree with those authorities who consider America's immigration problem solely an economic one, but we must agree that America's economic debt to immigration is great and her material and industrial preeminence has been built by alien hands. Whatever the necessities of future welfare may demand in limitation or conditions of entrance, America owes industrial and economic justice, adequa:te and enlightening protection, and above all, surer foundations for true industrial democracy to foreign born as well as native toilers.

What is America's debt to immigration politically~ Governor Horatio Seymour in the early days of New York was able to point out that" so diverse were the races and so liberal the opportuni~ ties, that nine men prominent in its early history represented nine nationalities: Schuyler-Dutch Morris-Welsh Herkimer-German Hoffman-Swedish Hamilton-West India English Jay-French Steuben-Prussian Livingstone-Scotch Clinton-Irish Doubtless the political roster of any American city today would show as varied a list of nationalities. Many of our most serious political problems are connected with the exploitation of the foreign born, and we are now reaping a sorry harvest from the neglect of proper political training of four mjUion foreign voters.

But far deeper than the problems of political machinery or num- bers of voters lies the real debt America owes to her immil1rants for the continued growth of political ideals, and constant change and enlargement of political horizons, which is the only safety for a democracy. The recent war has revealed to many Americans for the first time the fiaming patriotism and devotion to ideals of freedom that animate our foreign groups, and the persistence

AMERICA'S DEBT TO IMMIGRATION

of belief that such ideals would come to the lands of oppression fiom which these very groups llad fled. Dr. Steiner in his book, "Nationalizing America" refers to the refugees who came to our land in 1848, in these words: "They repaid this country richly for the asylum they found. They made valuable contributions to our culture and our politics, refining our social life and purifying our ideals of liberty and democracy." Miss Abbott, iu her valuable work on "The Immigrant and the Community" touches the presel"lt day aspect thus: "It may not matter whether the Italian or Slovak vote is for or against a particular measure at this time; but it is important that these thousands of Slovaks, Ruthenians, Italians and others should be given a chance to ally themselves with the best element in the community and to assist us in making the United States a real democracy."

RUSSIAN HEBREW ORPllANS ARRIVING IN NEW YORK Poli~ical and spiritual ideals are so often interwoven that it is hard to 8eparate the special spiritual debt America owes to immigration. But it is a significant fact that the two men who typify to the average American the spiritual ideals of his land, Lincoln and Roosevelt, have the greatest appeal to our foreign born citizens. · In both of them they feel a kinship with the great elemental struggles toward righteousness which are the property of all great souls in all lands.

Immigration has kept ever before the American people those spiritual ideals which the founders of a free republic gave to it as the refuge for the oppressed, the protector of the weak, the inspirer of the struggling. In each generation we have had to make good to new comers these ideals of our forefathers and furnish, even though unconscious of it, a justification of their spiritual

i experiment. Even though it has been done only partially and poor- ly, even though it has brought abuses and ingratitude in many sections, even thougb its wisdom has been doubted, the spiritual ideals of a free land and free institutions have continued, like our flag, "to draw a countless human throng to follow after thee."

That very effort has strengthened those ideals and, almost without our reckOl~ing, has so widened and enlarged their scope that we share the questionings of the English poet, Alfred Noyes, as he writes: "Know you the meaning of all they are doing? .Know you the light that their soul is pursuing? Know you the might of the world they are making, This nation of nations whose heart is awaking?"

Religious forms and observances have changed, hallowed and sacred ceremonials have been altered, outward symbols seem to have lost much weight. And all of this, in the judgment of many, is the result of immigration. But can the sincere American, view- ing the religious instincts which the vast majority of immigrants bring out of the hard conditions of other lands, escape the con- viction that we in America have not taken into our national spirit- u~l account these unused assets ~ We can ghre greatly and largely of the things of life. But in all humility we should realize that we can receive also those gifts of the spirit which the humblest ajien may bring. For great souls have brought these gifts to Anierica in the past,-gifts of utterance from pulpits, great scientific truths of God, great philanthopic enterprises for God's weaker children, great music, art and written words.

But the greatest of these spiritual ideals, as it affects a na- tion's life, is the vision of a world set free for God's purposes- the so-called international mind, which is only the new name for the great missionary enterprise of generations. Immigration has definitely brought to America a new realization of the inescapable oneness of mankind, a new lwc('ssity for the ambassadors of God's good will to all men.

The Greek from Corinth and the Italian from Rome walk be- side one who trod Paul's Syrian pathways. The "Barbarians,"

dignified under a score of varied racial names, fill the busy streets.

The "wise and the unwis!~" do not seem to be classifird by race or country or birth. To all o;f them America is debtor, economic- ally, politically, spiritually. May she pay her debt as did the Roman citizen who wrote the message from the shadow of Acro- Corinthus in Greece, and also wrote for us this interpretation of our Chri~tian faith: "There is neither Jew nor Greek There is neither bond nor free There is neither male nor female; For ye are all one in Christ J esusl A "CONTEMPORARY ANCESTOR" IN TIm SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS The Mountaineers of the South VICTOR 1. MASTERS, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Superintendent of Publicity, Southern Baptist. Home Mission Board T HERE are about 4,000,000 mountain people in the Southern States east of the Mississippi. The mountain folk live in about 178 counties and in an area of 75,000 or 80,000 square miles, and make up a part of the population in each of the States in the Old South, except Mississippi and Florida. '

Though the Southern population is more than one-fourth Negroes, only about ten per cent of the populatilJtl of the Highland region of the South is black. In a number of mountain counties there are fewer than 10~ Negroes. These Highlanders are pure- blooded Anglo-Saxons to a degree unequalled elsewhere in Ameri- ca. That needs to be rrmembered. It has its bearing on the whole problem of developing these people through Christian schools. .

Another thing is worth putting down; the white population in the Southern Highlands, by the census of 1910, was thirty-nine per square mile, while the extra-montanic regions of the States which were partly mountainous had only twenty-seven whites per square mile. The isolation of the Highlander is conditioned by 845 EXTENSION WORK OF BERA COLLEGE KENTUCKY the height of the mountain and the badness of the road, and not by his lack of neighbors. The greater density per square mile of the white people in Highland regions, as compared with the lowland regions of the South, may be surprising but it has a definite bearing. There are more native white people per square mile to be helped by missionary effort and educational effort in the mountains than there are in any other region of the South or of the nation. And these people are less spoiled than others by some perverse currents which have conditioned modern life.

The Religious Census of 1906 shmved that the religious hodies in the Southern mountain regions had the follo·wing membership: 463,200, or forty-eigbt per cent, were Baptists; 304,900, or thirtyone per cent, were Methodists; 56,400, or about six per cent, were Presbyterians; 48,900, or five per cent, were Disciples; all other religious bodies had ten per cent of the membership. In the 17R counties surv~yed, 143 did not report one Roman Catholic. This great region is freer from Romanism than any section of America. H the Romanists in the mining region of Alabama and around Chattanooga are omitted, there are only about 3,000 Roman Catholics in the entire mountain regions of the South. This survey does not include West Virginia.

The special need of the Highlanders for Christian work grows out of their quaint and primitive civilization. They have been called our "contemporary ancestors." Like the pioneers of one hundred years ago, their economic life and their social contacts are still largely confined to the community. They provide for their own simple wants, not only raising their own food hut making their own clothing, candles and many household and farming

THE MOUNTAINEERS OF THE SOUTH

MARS HILL INSTITUTE, A BAPTIST HOME MISSION SCHOOL IN NORTH CAROLINA Spiit!lan Home Music Bldg. Admilli!4ration Treat Dormitory Baptist Church Montague LiLrary Auditorium Dining Hall utensils. Their religious life is of the pioneer variety. Their churches are of the once-a-month order, enjoying one or two sermons on a given Sunday each month and closing up until the same Sunday in the next month. Many of these churches are without a Sunday-school, and few of the preachers have had educational advantages.

The mountaineer has reverence for God. He believes his Bible and is .not troubled over the imaginings of rationalistic theological professors and scientists. His religion is an individualistic matter with him, ;just as his life is. He does not pay much in money for the material bases of living and exhibits an equal reluctance toward paying anything to the support of his preacher. This is one thing that has fixed on him the incubus of the outworn once-a-month sermon, by which device he manages to keep only a modicum of life in his oak~embowered church by the roadside.

Many evangelical bodies, among whom Northern Presbyterians deserve the credit of priority, are now conducting systems of mission schools among the Highlanders of the South. In addition, there are some individual institutions maintained by certain benevolent organizations. Among the other df'nominations doing large work in the school field for mountain folk are the Southern Baptists, the Southern Presbyterians, Northern and Southern

Methodists. The Disciples, Oongregationalists and Episcopalians have also touched this field of effort. The Baptists have between 5,000 and 6,000 in attendance on their schools, the Presbyterians perhaps an equal number and the Methodists a smaller number.

Ohristian statesmanship has reached a consensus of judgment that the institution best fitted to help the mountaineer to adjust himself to twentieth century conditions is the Ohurch, and the method by which the Ohurch must be quickened for the task is educational. It was ilOt chance that led each Ohristian bodv which has entered this field to establish a system of secondary ·'schools under Ohristian control. No othrr method of service has been found so full of promise.

You must vitalize the mountaineer's church through these schools. Not only are the schools now training scores of young men and women for lives of high service in the outer world, but they are sending hundreds of the mountain youth back to the coves and valleys trained to lead their communities and churches into a larger outlook on life. Vocational training is preparing them to improve living conditions in the mountains. Some are prepared to teach and others to preach and to lead people within the churches forward to larger contacts in Ohristian service.

The aptitude of mountain boys and girls for grasping high and worthy ideals of life deserves special emphasis. In a day of alarming materialism, these young dreamers in the quiet and immensities of the mountains are not infatuated with the glint of the dollar. In an exceptional degree they are ready to respond to the opportunity and appeal of the life of service to their fellows in some field where spiritual uplift is the frankly avowed purpose.

A large percentage of the ministers in some denominations in the South is coming out of these mountains, and an equally impressive number of the students are going into other uplift vocations. The mountain schools of the Baptist Home Mission Board during the ten years preceding 1916 sent out from its schools 350 preachers, 200 lawyers, 225 doctors, 30 trained nurses, 30 missionaries and 2,500 public school teachers. More than 3,0()() had returned to the farm, 900 were engaged in commercial pursuitlil, forty were in banks and eighteen were members of State -legis- latures. In these Highlands are vast human resources waitiug the touch of Ohristian culturf' for their releasement. There is no such other field in America. But not even this field will wait long on our tardy lack of understanding. The railways are breaking through the great ramparts by which the silent giants of the Highlands seek to keep out the irreverent hand and the impertinent curiosity of modern civilization. Wherever one ef these railways gets through, wherever the modern campaign for highway improvement makes another hard and safe road through the mountain regions, the primitive economic scheme of the mountaineer's life has to give way to that in which everything is valued by the dollar mark.

There is pathos in it. We must either strengthen the mountaineer to play his part well under the new conditions, or the tearing up of the quaint and beautiful but outworn pioneer system of life will be his undoing. In proportion to the effort which has been put forth in this field of service by different Ohristian groups the rewards have been great. They will be still greater if we shall put forth adequate effort.

There are about 200 mission schools now in the Highlands. They are probably educating 20,000 to 25,000 youths. The work should be increased five-fold or· ten-fold. To do this would draw out and train more young men and women for the great tasks of constituted Ohristianity in the generation just ahead of us than we can hope to obtain from any other field.

PROMISING MOUNTAINEERS AT MARS HILL COLLEGE, NORTH CAROLINA

1'I!JI1l'eIRSymbol CHURCH WITH RESIDENT PASTOR = I

5ymbolwllhQu! r;gllre CHURCH WITHOUT RESIDENT PASTOR t::, 2 CONGREGATIONAL !1§U'ft WllhlJill Symbol RESIDENT PASTOR WITH OUT CHURCH 0 3 DISCIPLES • SUNDAY SCHOOL WITHOUT 0 4LUTHERAN ORGANIZED CHURCH 0 SMETHOOIST EPISCOPAL MISSIONARY AND PASTORAL o 6PRESBYTERIAN — CIRCUITS .0 'PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL * CITIES •• TOWNS A SltC'tION OF MON'tANA-SUR'1tYI<:n BY 'tHJ!: HOMJ!: MISSIONS COUNCIL (See pi&,e 821)

of the Country

BY DR. PAUL L. VOGT, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Superintendent of Rural Work, Department of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church N o two country parishes present the same problems. :Rural communities are marked by such an infinite variety of con- ditions relating to economic welfare, health, recreation, social organization, class relationships, leadership, ideals and beliefs, and these in such varying combinations that a description of the problems of one community would not be applicable to any other. Neither would the methods that apply to the solution of the problems of one community necessarily serve in another.

In the maze of problems, however, that present themselves to the student of rural life a number are to be found so uniform as to justify their presentation as of general importance. Attention can here be called only to those particular problems of country parishes which demand for their solution the unified effort of all parishes working together under wise collective leadership.

Problems of this type may be classified into two general divisions; first, those found in the community as a whole and that present themselves as a challenge to the Church and the ministry for solution j and second, those that lie in the organization of the Church itself. As a part of church organization will be included all phases of church life that make the Church a social entity, and a help or hindrance to social progress in the life of the community as a whole.

The most serious problems of the first type grow out of the general level of the economic life and out of changes taking place in rural economic organization. The opening of the nineteenth century found the new nation planted on American soil almost entirely agricultural. Means of communication and transportation were still very primitive and such manufacturing and trade as had developed was necessarily local and on a small scale. By the middle of the century the spread of steam railway transportation and the system of state aid to manufactures had started at a rapid pace that revolution in industry which has had as one of its marked results the centralization of population in large urban communities, the gradual decrease in rural population in many sections, and the centralization of wealth, ownership and control in the cities. With the very rapid comparative increase in economic opportunity and wealth in the cities came a shift of economic control and of social prestige from the farmers to the urban residents.

851

The extent of this shift has been shown by studies of the dis- tribution of wealth. In 1900, whereas over half of the population of the United States lived in unincorporated communities, but 24 per cent of the wealth of the nation was agricultural. In 1910, while still 45 per cent of the people lived in unincorporated com- munities, but 33 per cent of the wealth of the country was agri- cultural. There are no data available to determine the changes that have taken place, as a result of, the war, but there is reason to believe that, while both agricultural and urban groups have increased in wealth, the total urban wealth has increased more rapidly than has that of the rural group. 'fhere is also reason to believe that a considerable part of the agricultural wealth is owned by urban interests" and consequently the income goes to increase the welfare of urban life.

The results of this disparity of wealth have been very marked. Space forbids more than their briefest enumeration.

First, the constant challenge has been to young people inter- ested in improvement of their economic condition to leave the country for the city. It is true that ch!1nges in methods of agricultural production have made it necessary for many of those who have left the country to do so because of absolute lack of opportunity economically for productive service in the country, and many of them have not been conspicuously successful in their new environment. But the standa.rds of success are not set by the many who fail, but by the few who succeed, and the result has been a continued call for the best life of the country to move to the cities. The result has been a lack of leadership in the country and a constant breakup of rural social organization.

Second, the conviction has been deeply grounded in both urban and rural thought that rural life is inherently on a lower scale than urban life. Our schools have taught success standards that unduly stimulated the movement of young people from the country. The ideals of country folk have often encouraged young people to go to college to prepare for some form of urban activity, and until recently the college graduate returning to the country was likely to be considered a failure. Oountry people have assumed that a lower salaried, less efficient teaching force or rural ministry was inevitable, and have allowed themselves to be outbid by the more wealthy urban communities. A man's children do not have as good schools· in the rural districts nor do they have the same public care for their phyE!ical welfare as in the cities. If his family needs hospital care the distant city offers the only opportunity for such attention; and as yet there is little provision for nursing facilities in the country. Moreover, the rural minister must endure hardships in his pastoral service unknown by his city brother. He does not have the transportation or library facilities

PROBLEMS OF THE COUNTRY PARISH

MINISTERIAL VIVISECTION AND THE GROWTH OF CHURCHES 19 COUNTIES 1190 CHURCHES <PO cfb ~ ~ 100 100 100 100 90 90 90 90 WITH A 80 WHOLE 70 WITH A 80 WITH A 80 WITH A 80 MINISTE 60 50 1/4 70 1/3 70 1/2 70 40 A 60 A 60 A 60 30 20 MINISTER 50 MINISTER 50 MINISTER 50 10 OR LESS 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 260m 35 OJ'0 390,10 60qro ARE GROWING.

IT IS HARD FOR A PART OF A MAN TO DO A WHOLE MAN'S WORK COUNTRY CHURCHES WITH ONLY PART TIME OF A MINISTER From the survey of the Methodist Episcopal Church nor the association of other ministers, enjoyed in a city parish. All these things can be had only with the expenditure of considerably more money than is required by the one living in the city.

The accepted standards of living in urban communities acts as a permanent incentive for rural ministers and teachers, and for many rural families to get out of the country and to go where higher standards of living are possible.

Third, within the rural group itself are gradually coming distinctions which will inevitably break down the solidarity of rural life. The coming of the transient tenant has already affected the welfare of both rural churches and rural schools; and makes practically impossible the working out of plans for the development of the higher forms of cooperative economic organization

dependent on the existence of a permanent and stable population. Moreover, the disappearance of the type of hired help that formerly came from neighboring farms and the substitution of unattached, transient labor groups, alien to the neighborhood, such as are found in the wheat fields of the West, the lumber camps or the fruit growing sections, introduces another element exceedingly difficult to weave into an organized community life.

THE GREATEST PROBLEM The greatest problem of the country parish, however, is that of the Church itself. No period in American history has presented a greater challenge for leadership than the present so far as community welfare is concerned. But the people are rapidly gaining an appreciation of the importance of the problems of community life, and agencies other than the Church are awake to the opportunities for service in dealing with these problems. The Red Cross, the County Fartn Bureaus, the Christian Associations, the Boy Scouts, the Public Schools, and various commmlity service organizations now have definite programs for developing rural life and are grasping on a national scale problems of the type mentioned above. They are appealing to the public for financial support for their respective programs. and the people are responding liberally.

In contrast with this, in most rural communities there are two or more churches, poorly equipped and with no social vision. In many of them two or more pastors live, while neighboring parishes have no resident pastor. Pastors of different denominations travel the same roads, but because of no fixed responsibility for entire communities all fail to render direct service to probably more than half of the community.

The first essential to making it possible for churches to give the service now demanded of them, but which in their weakness is being rendered by other agencies, is that of parishing rural communities so that there will be definite fixing of responsibility for caring for the spiritual welfare of every family· of the community. So long as communities have competing churches and so long as some communities have too many pastors while others have none at all, just so long will it be impossible to expect community service worth while from the churches. One interested in rural welfare need not be troubled about the ultimate solution of the problems presented by the rural parish as such. The people, working through agencies other than the Church are bringing rural life to a higher level in every way, including the deeper spiritual life of the people.

Out of the lack of adjustment between denominations and the lack of adequate interdenominational leadership grows another

condition that in most instances prevents the minister with a community vision from dealing effectively with other than local problems~ A study of the programs of ministers in any given section of the country would reveal the fact that no two ministers are dealing with the same common problems. All programs would reveal some effort at personal evangelism, but no uniformity of effort at the solution of the problems common to all communities.

The results of the combined action of all the churches in the campaign against the liquor traffic shows what can be done by such unified effort. The great financial "drives" put on by various groups, including the churches, shows how effective organization for combined effort may be. In rural life are many conditions that should be remedied. Rural folk lack adequate library facilities; they need better medical attention; visiting nurses, medical inspection and free treatment of school children; better housing; better roads; better methods of agriculture; better recreational and social life and better equipment.

If instead of each minister attacking each problem in his own way at his own pleasure, intergroup organization could be effected, whereby all churches could center their efforts on one carefully planned campaign to achieve one aim at a time, it would not be long before many of the most serious problems of rural life would be solved. The psychology of the "drive" caunot be used successfully for community purposes by anyone denomination working alone, because other denominations would not cooperate in moves in the organization and managenient of which they had no :part. But if all denominations select a leader representative of all, then large and permanent results in community progress can be rapidly attained. No agency has a larger influence on the thought of rural folk today than the Church; and if the Church will assume the leadership offered by its strategic position it will not only save the country but it will save itself through the service rendered.

The outlook is hopeful. The spirit of Christianity is rising.

Public education is bringing the masses to a realization that, after all, Christianity is a thing of the spirit not to be determined by whether one goes one mile or two on the Sabbath day or by ritualistic observance as unimportant as were the doctrines of the Pharisees of old. The modern layman is giving expression to his religion in practical ways. Let those who try to tie religion up to less essential expressions of the Christian spirit in external forms take heed lest the rising spirit of Christianity in seeking to express itself in service either abandon organizations insisting on external expressions, or pass by the Christian Church altogether; and in attempting to give adequate leadership let the denominations work out some plan whereby their efforts to slilrve may have every advantage of combined, collective effort.

First Americans – The

BY REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D. D, NEW YORK Secretary of Indian Mission Work, Presbyterian Board of Home Missions (See Map of Indian Missions-Frontispiece) CHRISTIANIZING America includes as a primary obli- gation winning the native race, the Red Men, from nature worship and pagan supersti- tions to the faith of the Gospel.

To what extent this has already been accomplished, where the neg- lected tribes and communities of Indians are located, and how the uncompleted task may be united- TOTAL 188 oam IND /AIlS ly accomplished by the evangeli- cal church forces of the land,- c::J 20% PROTESTANT. HERENTS' these considerations have been receiving the renewed attention DIIIIIllIIl20% ROMAN CATHOUC ADHERENTS of the Home Missions Council.

_ 60 % UIIEYANCEUZED INDIANS A review of the past few years in mission interests shows that TIlE INDIANS FOR CHRIST progress has been made both in relation to overlapping and over- Prom the Survey of the Northern Baptist looking in the Indian fields. Convention About half of the twenty-three denominational agencies engaged in this work have responded to the recent appeals made for the neglected tribes assigned to them. Who would have anticipated that the Red Man would prove to be the instrumentality for bringing our divided Protestant forces to this striking instance of comity in mission services, and the accomplishment of interdenominational cooperation ~ There are now very few over-churched Indian communities, and the division of fields has been accomplished with little sectarian rivalry or waste of effort.

The methods of approach to the Red Men by the Christian Church have always had in view the fact that the American Indian race is strongly religious, and that here is found capacity and aptitude for spiritual instruction. There are no atheists among the aboriginal Americans, and profanity and blasphemy in the sense in which the white man becomes so accustomed to these desecra- tions of holy things are unknown in Indian life. But the Red 856 Men are far from being the spiritual and uncorrupt beings whom those who exalt the soul of the Indian protray them. Dr. Alfred C. Riggs, after a lifetime of intimate association and service among the Sioux, aptly summarized their pagau and corrupt condition by nature, their need of revealed religion, their gross superstitions and evil practices, and their propensity to revert to heathenism and worldliness unless nurtured in the truth and held to the highest standards of faith and practice.

The evangelical method has therefore been best adapted to the conversion and training of the Indians. The Gospel is the power of God in regeneration and growth in grace, and the Indians accept supernatural revelation as contained in "the White Man's Book of Heaven" with a simple faith and devotion.

The latest collating of statistics regarding Indian missions of the Protestant churches in the United States gives the total of adherents as 66,778. The number of communicants is reported as 31,815, and the Sunday-school enrolment 18,200. The ordained Indian ministers serving in this work number 222, in addition to 228 commissioned native helpers. Of white missionaries serving in Indian fields 212 are reported, with 153 helpers.

In educational work the Women's Home Mission Boards have carried the main responsibility in church effort and no more consecrated and successful labors have been rendered for Indian uplift than in the class rooms, the sewing rooms, the shops and the hospitals. Medical missions have been conducted by only a few of the denominations but the beneficent results have been very large. Epidemics threaten the Indians on reservations and the medicine men of the tribes are impostors. But the educated physicians, nurses and field matrons of both the government and the Church cope with these conditions and save thousands of lives and alleviate untold suffering every year. One medical missionary on the Navajo reservation vaccinated 800 Indians and treated 60 cases of small pox in a few months, without the loss of a life.

Recent investigations show that the entirely unevangelized Indians still number 47,569; and in addition to these, 100,000 Indians of the United States are unclaimed by any church as adherents of Christianity. The minister at Santa Clara, Utah, visited Moapa, Nevada, one of the isolated neglected fields, 100 miles west of Santa Clara, and reported that the Indians all manifested a longing interest. He also visited the Kaibabs at Moccasin, Arizona, 100 miles southeast, and called upon many in their homes. The roads led over deserts, mountains, mesas, and great washes, and through treacherous rivers. On one of these trips, a distance of 35 miles was traversed without seeing a dwelling or finding a watering place for his horse.

A joint central committee on Indian work has been created by

the Home Missions Council to secure cooperation in meeting this problem more systematically. The conference held at Wichita, Kansas, September 24 to 26, was a representative gathering of Protestant workers among the Indians, and a united program of action has been outlined. The uncompleted task of the Church for the race involves lines of service in which the evangelical de- nominations are now prepared to cooperate more effectively than ever before.

The educational work for the children and youth of the In- dians does not devolve wholly upon the government, and more and more Christian leaders of experience and the various denomina- tions are realizing that the educational work must go hand in hand with evangelization. Examples of some very successful schools are Bacone College of the Baptist Church in Oklahoma j the Winnebago School of the Reformed Church, Santee Normal Training School of the Congregational Church in Nebraska, and the Tucson Training School of the Presbyterian Church in Arizona.

Approximately one-third of the Indian churches have no Sunday- schools. This defect should be remedied. The Roman Catholics have :numero;us boarding schools in ,which thousands of Indian young people are being trained for their Church. .

In the federal and public schools there is a total of 58,000 pupils. The opportunity for religious instruction in these schools is within reach of the missionaries, and the assignment of the schools to denominations that can best care for the pupils in in- dividual communities is an urgent need at the present time. The constituent Boards of the Home Missions Council have been asked to indicate whether they will give religious instruction in the Government Indian Schools within whose bounds they have resident ministers.

Community and social service and institutional church ef- forts should be organized to a greater extent. The Reformed Presbyterian Church for years conducted a very successful broom factory among the Apache Indians of Oklahoma. The glazing of native pottery to make it of commercial value, and the instruction in lace making have been successfully accomplished on a number of fields. On the Navajo Reservation, with its 31,000 Indians, corn grinding mills and wool scouring centers could be established, great- ly to the advantage of the Indians. The missionaries can co- operate with federal and local forces to suppress liquor, peyote or mescal, tiswin and other evils that devastate reservation life.

Christian physicians, Bible readers and field matrons are forces for community and tribal uplift in lines of service where Indian conditions present an appalling need.

The strongest ministry for returned students is urgent. These educated young people come back to the reservation demanding

THE FIRST AMERICANS. THE INDIANS

a higher type of church service than prevails among the illiterate adult Indians. They are often ready for Christian service, but they return to congregations in which there are no Sunday-school teachers, no opportunities to serve as trustees, church treasurers or ushers, and often no students' club or young people's societies, A quickening of .interest and of practical methods for reaching and holding the educated young people is called for more than ever at the present time.

A broad and comprehensive service for our united Protestant interests among the Indians is of very great importance. There is no mission work in the land so closely related to govermnental affairs and requiring such representation at Washington, D. C.

Any comprehensive and statesmanlike treatment of Protestant Indian interests calls for a constant recognition of government relations. In the annual report to the Secretary of the Interior, the Hon. Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, has expressed the estimation and cordial relations in which the work of the churches is held by the Government. He says: I wish to express earnest appreciation for the cooperation and helpful assistance rendered by the missionaries at large and in the field. While ardent in the propagation of their respective denominations, they have almost without exception been generous rather than critical of myself or of those representing religious ideas other than their own. Their accomplishments have been constructive and effective, not only in the advancement of the Indians spiritually, but industrially, morally and otherwise. I gratefully acknowledge the unselfish service of philanthropic organizations and individuals who have shown their devotion to and genuine interest in the native American."

If we can realize that the Indian missions in the United States represent the group that may evangelize the twelve to twenty million Indians in the western hemisphere, then the churches will rally to the urgent need of consecrated training and effective backing for the missions here to prepare for this larger task. These converted Indians should develop and support a native leadership that shall go out into all corners of this western hemisphere. When the Church can see its program· for Indian missions turning out a steady stream of Christian young men, fully equipped to meet this challenge, it may begin. to feel that it is entitled to the Master's praise of "Well done, good and faithful servant."

It is estimated that there are at least 100,000 American In- dians unclaimed as adherents of any Christian Church, Protestant or Roman Catholic, and about 50,000 Indians entirely unprovided for, and out of the reach of any Christian Mission. .

A ME;XICAN HOUSE; OF THE; BE;TTE;R CLASS IN NEW

The Mexicans in the Southwest BY. JOSIAH H. HEALD, Q. D., ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO Su.perintendent of Congregational Missions in New Mexico, Arizona and Western Texas T HERE are two .Mexican probler,ns in the Southwest. One i.s . old, the other IS new. One IS permanent-at least untIl solved; the other is possibly transient or at least subject to constant change of phase. One' faces inward, toward our own country, being to a large extent a problem of Americanization; the other faces outward, toward Mexico, having an important bearing on our relation to that country. They may be distinguished as the Spanish-American problem and the Mexican problem.

1.The Spanish-American problem. has to do with the uative born, Spanish"speaking people of the Southwest. It is impossible to understand the problein of today, without taking into account its source and history. Spanish occupation of the Southwest is very old. Long before the Pilgrim Fathers had set foot on the eastern doorstep of the country at Plymouth Rock, the Spanish Fathers had climbed up the back stairs into Mexico. They came with an invading army in 1540, and again in 1598 with a colonization enterprise. Governor Prince says, in his "History of New Mexico", "The early Franciscans, who came as true missionaries, actuated by love, and who easily won the hearts of the people, were succeeded by ecclesiastics of a more severe type who sought to convert the natives by compulsion, and introduced the Inquisition 860

THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

THE HOUSES OF MEXICANS OF THE POORER. CLASS IN EL PASO, TEXAS and various forms of punishment, in order to compel the observance of their religion." As the result of these measures came the great Pueblo Indian uprising in 1680, when every Spaniard was killed or driven out, twenty-one priests being among the slain. But the Spaniards carne back and had reconquered the territory by 1696, and their settlements gradually spread over large portions of the territory now comprised in the states of Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona and California. Their relations to the Indians were such as to involve a gradual infiltration of Indian blood. As a consequence there are few families who can claim unmixed Spanish blood, but the percentage of that blood is far larger than in Mexico. Isolated for centuries, they retained for the most part the ideas and customs prevailing in Spain when their forefathers left that country. Although these ideas and customs have been modified in recent times by contact with Americans, especially through the mission schools, there are still great numbers who hold mediaeval ideas of religion, such as belief in witchcraft and other superstitions current three hundred years ago. The Society of the Penitentes still thrives, perpetuating the Third Order of St. Francis, and practicing with extreme rigor self-inflicted penitential torture.

Isolation and hard conditions of existence have had a marked physical effect, tending to produce a distinct racial type. It accounts for a strong race consciousness, a tendency to flock by themselves, even when living in American towns, and the persistent use of the Spanish language. A proud people, they retain the spirit, although separated by centuries of poverty and ignorance from its original source; a music-loving people, they retain the love,

although they have lost the art; a religious people, although deprived of the clear knowledge of God, they lavish a wealth of devotion on crude pictures and images; a generous people, they have become, by reason of their training and the hard conditions, stingy to a degree when it comes to giving money for public or religious purposes, but still retain the readiness to share their last crust in the way of hospitality. Warm hearted and likeable to those who approach them in a friendly, human way; they become distant and inaccessible to the superior and condescending.

This interesting, but distinct and peculiar people, became citizens of the United States by the treaties following the Mexican war. They still call themselves Mexicans, although they have no interest in Mexico, and are thoroughly loyal to the American government, as shown by their hearty and patriotic participation in the war against Germany. Notwithstanding the fact that they and their land were made a part of the United States without the formality of asking their consent, the American government has never done anything for their educational or industrial uplift, although it has lavished thousands of dollars for such purposes upon the Indians by their side. For a poor and ignorant people to educate and uplift themselves is a difficult task. While there were not wanting progressive men among them who desired education for their people, the majority were indifferent and the ecclesiastics were vehemently opposed to non-Catholic schools. Not until 1891: was it possible to secure the enactment in New Mexico of a law creating a public school system. Even then many years passed before such a system could be made effective except in towns where the American population predominated. Thus for years the mission schools offered to many of the native peuple their only opportunity for a modern education. Beginning _as early as 1871 such schools were established by the Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and other denominations. They have been the fount from which education for the Spanish-speaking people has flowed, creating the demand for education and making possible the supply. In one county of New Mexico, not long since, the county Superintendent, himself a Spanish-American and a Catholic, expressed appreciation of the fact that a large majority of the competent teachers in the county received their training in mission schools.

The public school system has made progress against tremendous odds, especially in the last five years, but there still remains in New Mexico and in other States great need of mission schools for the education of Spanish-speaking youth. The state institutions are beyond the reach of most of them. The need ~s for schools that will take students who have little knowledge of English, teach them to speak and write that language, give them

lH9] THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

education iIi both academic and industrial lines adapted to their practical needs, together with a thorough grounding in the meaning of American citizenship and the essential elements of morals and the Christian religion. Educational efforts in behalf of the Spanish-Americans should undoubtedly be increased rather than diminished for the next twenty-five years. But, in view of changing conditions, all Boards engaging in this work might wisely join in a careful survey of the conditions and shape their future policy not according to their traditional methods, but according to the actual needs.

Many of the leading denominations have been engaged for years in efforts to evangelize the Spanish-Americans. Experience has shown that they are, as is natural under the conditions of their life, extremely conservative and tenacious of their traditions and customs. By temperament and habit they are inclined to accept authority without question. They are fond of ceremony and symbol without the necessity of knowing definitely their significance. Moreover they are not-at least the older ones-a reading people, many of them not being able to read, and those that are able not being inclined to use their knowledge extensively. But the most serious obstacle to their acceptance of the Protestant faith has been its stricter moral requirements. Nevertheless, not a few have become Protestants, a still larger number sympathetic hearers, and a very large number have been influenced in their ideas of religion and life, although remaining nominal Catholics. It is possible that even larger results might have been achieved if Spanish-American character and temperament had been better understood, and their racial habits treated more sympathetically. A more dignified housing of the church than has usually been provided would have been helpful to the work, and it is conceivable that greater richness of ceremony and symbol might be used effectively in reaching a people who crave such things.

A study of the problem of Spanish-American evangelization might wisely be undertaken jointly by the denominations engaged in this work, a study in .which the psychology, temperament, customs and environment of the Spanish-American should be taken into account. If, in addition, there could be such cooperation and increase of interest as to make it possible to do the work in a more ample way, the gain would be immense.

Certairily the Spanish-American in the Southwest should have a fair chance to enter into the spirit of the land that forcibly adopted them. Especially should they be liberated from the bondage of ignorance find superstition, and receive that priceless heritage of every American, the right to determine their own religious life on the basis of the fullest information and to enter into the glorious liberty of the children of God.

If the duty and privilege of so doing does not sufficiently move us, we should at least see the necessity of it. In New Mexi- co and in other sections where a large part of the people are of this race, it is not possible to have clean politics, public health, pure morals, or intelligent citizenship, except by the participation of the Spanish-Americans. That they may be a menace has been shown in the past by the prevalence of infectious diseases, political corruption, and intemperance. That they may be, on the other hand, a tremendous asset is shown by their decisive swiug to prohibition and their patriotic participation in the war. That they are capable of producng leaders is shown by the fact that many of the prominent officials of the state of New Mexico are Spanish Americans. It is not too much to say that what the Southwest shall be twenty-five years from now will depend largely on what the Spanish-Americans become.

2. In the last seven years, since the revolution in Mexico, there has arisen a Mexican problem, which, if not entirely new, is so enlarged as to constitute a new problem. Refugees driven out by revolution and counter-revolution, laborers starved out by industrial conditions, adventurers in quest of novelty or gain, have constantly crossed the long border line between the United States and Mexico. While there are no statistics that can accurately give the number, it is known to be large, probably threequarters of a million. While they have followed the great trunk lines of railroad to almost every part of the United States, the great ma,jority of them are concentrated in the Southwest. In many a town and mining camp they constitute a majority of the population.

These people are of all sorts and conditions, from wealthy refugees to the poorest and most destitute. A considerable number of the artisan mid small shop-keeper class are found among them, representing the middle class in society, as nearly as it is represented in Mexico. The great majority are poor, unskilled laborers, commonly called cholos. Those of the last named class usually show clear indications of the Indian in their ancestry, but they speak the Spanish language, and are Mexican in their imme- diate antecedents. In the border strip one hundred miles wide there is naturally a mixture of native born Spanish-Americans and these immigrant Mexicans; but in the main they are a distinct people, and present a distinct problem. Migrant to a degree, they have no permanent abiding place, but go wherever industrial conditions invite. Mexican to the core, from Mexico they came, and to Mexico they hope to return. Deeply imbued with race consciousness and race prejudice, they are inclined to be hostile to America and things Ameri- can.

THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

As to religion, they are largely without it. Most of them have cut loose from the Roman Catholic Church or have become indifferent to it. Removal from the old environment has freed . them from conventional religious habits and customs. This does not mean that they are inclined to Protestantism, but only that their souls are vacant and to let to the first applicant,-infidelity, socialism, Bolshevism, or what not. It does mean, however, that in approaching them on religious subjects it is not necessary to tunnel through a thick wall of conservatism and prejudice. This is a great advantage so far as quick results are concerned, and is reflected in the fact that evangelization among them all along the border, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific coast has yielded prompt and encouraging results far in excess of simil;:tr work among the more provincial and conservative Spanish-Americans. Thus they constitute a most promising field for missionary labor.

The fact that these people are to be found almost wholly in Mexican quarters of American towns makes the approach to them different from that to our native Spanish-Americans, who live largely in isolated villages, hamlets, or ranches. In case of the latter, the missionary goes to a people who are occupying the land that has been occupied by them and their ancestors for genera- tions. In the former they deal with an immigrant people who have come to us. In work among the migrant Mexicans, the local Protestant churQhes should always be enlisted, if possible. Much depends upon the friendly attitude of the local people, and this will be a large element in successful work. Community work will be found of great value. The Mexicans, because of their social instincts, are peculiarly susceptible to community affairs, social, musical, political and religious. It is sometimes easier to reach a hundred Mexicans than to reach one. If the. American community will make friendly advances in the way of interest and fellowship, not of patronage and superiority, the Mexican people will be found particularly susceptible to such influences; and the soil will thus be prepared for the seed of the Word.

Although a large percentage of the immigrant Mexicans are illiterate, reading matter, if brief and breezy in character, is apt to receive considerable currency. They have a way of reading things aloud in groups. It is further to be said that these people are excellent propagators of any new ideas they may acquire, both because of their enthusiasm over their new acquisition and because of their migratory habits. They may be counted on to carry the Gospel message, if it is deeply lodged in their hearts, to their compatriots in different parts of this country and finally to Mexico.

POL.YGAMY, ONE; OF 'rRE; FRUITS OF

The late Prophet Joseph F. Smith, President of the Mormon Church, and a part of his family which consisted of six wives, 43 children and 95 grand children Mormons of Today and How to Win Them· BY WILLIAM E. LA RUE, B. D., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE Mormons of today bear clear evidence of the impact of Christianity upon them. They have lived in the environ- ment of our moral civilization and so have come to share many of our moral ideals. Under the wider knowledge which has distinguished our age as an age of enlightenment and progress, the Mormon people have been compelled to make many modifications in their original beliefs and practices.

The Mormons are not the same today that they were fifty years ag.o. Their fathers were very suscepti.ble, they were very credulous, they were living in an atmosphere of superstition. It was because of the crude conditions that prevailed on the American frontier that Joseph Smith was able to find people who would believe his incredible stories. It is doubtful if the Mormons of our time would believe them except for the fact that they are within the momentum of the movement. Had Joseph SInith lived in our day and told the story of finding golden plates in a stone box, even if our sinful eyes could not see the plates, we would at least • The aim of this article is to set forth briefly the present status of the Mormon Church: as it may be of dinetaelrefsutllytowCitlhariasntiyanorwtohrekemrsana:rndvittahle promoters of t AmericM. evangelization. No attempt II made to and fundamen al facts in Mormon history and belief. That could nol be included within our lilDltations.-W. E. L.ARuJt.

866

19191 MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM

insist upori seeing the box. The Mormons of today would hardly submit to be led about here and there, facing one wretched experi- ence after another, under the guidance of their visionary prophet. Bankruptcy always followed on his trail. It was (}nly after Brig- ham Young, the successful general manager of Mormonism, came into control and put Yankee grit and practical genius in place of so-called visions and revelations that entries began to appear on the credit side of the Mormon ledger.

The Mormons are not the same as when Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball thundered forth their invective against the government of the United States; not the same as when old Jedi- diah M. Grant preached the awful doctrine of "Blood atonement;" not the same as in the days when the Danites stood as guarding angels to despoil the Gentiles and wreak vengeance upon apos- tates; not the same as in the days of the Mountain Meadows massa- cre; not the same as when the government sent its army to en- force its demands; not the same as when polygamy went on un- checked and old men vied with each other for possession of the choicest of the women converts who had migrated to Utah.

Mormon history does not read well. Mormons of all classes would like to turn attention to things more lovely and of better report. To go digging into that history is like digging into a dyke. It is disastrous to Mormon prestige. Therefore the Mor- mons would like to have us swallow uncritically the story which their own clever editors have written.

The Mormons of today are divided into three sects or factions. There are the Brighamites, Josephites, and Hederickites. These ate the survivors of at least eighteen sects that have appeared among the Mormons. The greatest of these are the Brighamites, who take their name from Brigham Young, and have their center at Salt Lake City, Utah. They number approximately 500,000 and are otherwise known as, "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." Heber J. Grant has recently been elected Presi- dent and is recognized as "Prophet, Seer and Revelator," but, like his predecessors, fails to make good in these capacities.

The Josephites take their name from Joseph Smith, the oldest son of Joseph Smith, founder of the cult. This son in 1860 gathered about him some of the old Mormons and formed "The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." 'fhis sect now numbers approximately 100,000 and has its head- . quarters at Lamoni, Iowa. Frederick M. Smith, grandson of the :first Prophet Smith, has lately succeeded to the Presidency as "Prophet, Seer, and Revelator." This sect is antagonistic to poly- gamy and has no fellowship with the Brighamites. The Mormon sects look on each other as "Apostates."

The Hederickites take their name from Granville Hederick

who many years ago balked at certain things which led him and his few followers to regard the Prophet Smith as a "Fallen Prophet." This sect is officially known as "The Church of Christ", the original name by which the Mormon Church was called. Their headquarters are located at Independence, Missouri, where they have possession of the famous "Temple Lot," which the first Mormon Prophet consecrated for the building of a great Temple.

The spiritual needs of the Mormon people are many and real. They have shown themselves possessed of great energy and capable of great tasks. They have strong and genuine religious impulses which have been misguided. They have been taught to frown upon all other organized forces of Christianity and believe that they are the sole custodians of true religious faith. There is tt woeful ignorance among them of the history of Christianity, and even the history of their own faith. The people are priest-ridden and are taught to regard apostacy as the "deadliest of all sins."

It is because of their lack of the true knowledge of Christ and His Gospel that Mormons are in need of missionary endeavor. The Mormons themselves are great propagandists. Since the organization of their church in 1830, they have multiplied their six charter members by 100,000. They are sending out a constant stream of missionaries and nothing delights them more than to receive converts from some Christian Church. The Brighamites tell people that polygamy is "a dead issue," but when asked if they believe in it, they admit that they do. It is openly taught in their text books which are circulated through the mails.

The dissemination of Christian truth and education will do much to work desired changes in Mormondom. The way to overcome falsehood is with truth. Not alone polygamy but many other elements of Mormon teaching should be understood and a warning sounded against them. The whole system is shot through with ignorance, priestcraft and superstition.

The Mormons have changed their methods of work in some respects. Hitherto, they taught their people to flee to Zion out of the "eastern countries." Now they are building temples outside of Utah where they carry on their mystic rites. In Hawaii, they have just completed a temple costing $200,000 and in Canada they have erected another at the cost of $600,000. The tithing system produces a great inflow of wealth by which such enterprises are readily accomplished. They are dividing off the territory of the United States and establishing missionary headquarters, centers of propaganda, in many of our largest cities, sending out women missionaries along with the men. Recently they erected a large church in Brooklyn, New York. Tlley are also carrying on a propaganda through the press. The Deseret News reports that the Mormon writer, Dr. Talmadge, has in the past two years had

MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM

Courtesy of the Literary Digest THE NEW MORMON TEMPLE IN BROOKLYN, N. Y.

his articles published "in hundreds of millions of copies in the great newspapers of the country."

From these facts it is apparent that the ground of anti-Mormon work must be shifted. The Mormons must be met wherever they are–in every state of the union and in foreign lands. The problem of offsetting their propaganda is complicated and difficult. Christian workers should learn the truth about the system represented by these propagandists and tell it boldly, even though the duty may not be pleasant. It may keep your neighbors from falling into the clutches of Mormonism.

It has been possible to organize Christian churches in Mormon communities through the Gentiles who have settled there. While apostate Mormons may never take any active interest in any other religious faith, their children sometimes do. Converts to Mormonism, gathered from other localities, when they reach the Mormon communities sometimes become disillusioned, and return to the Christian Church. Many young Mormons are also learning to think for themselves and so think their way out of Mormonism, sometimes helping to form Christian churches in Mormon territory. The work of Christian evangelization must be maintained at "concert pitch" in all Mormon communities. This can best be done through the organized Church. Christians must not look on complacently while this darksome thing which originated in a corner fastens its hold upon the people of America.

Cruisers and Chapel

A Story of Reaching the Neglected Areas in America BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK The American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE captain of the Gospel cruiser, 'Robert G. Seymour," an- chored his boat in a deep cove where neither out-going tide nor high winds might cause a mishap, and went ashore to arrange for a meeting in a nearby school house. Mter he had called at several homes, he was met by a tall young woodsman who . came swinging down the path leading to the doorstep of a primitive lo.g h.ouse. The youth had seen the captain before and lmew his mISSIOn.

"I wouldn't advise you to call at dad's house, sir," said the native. "You see," he hastened to explain, "dad don't have no truck with preachers and he'd treat you impolite."

Observing that the young fellow was well disposed toward him, the missionary spoke cordially and passed on without calling on "dad." But a Sunday-school was started in the settlement and whenever the missionary-captain anchored in the cove he held a preaching service which the son of the man who had no "truck with preachers" invariably attended.

One day word was sent to the captain of the Gospel cruiser that a death had occurred in the home of this settler. Would the captain please come and preach a funeral sermon over the body of his son? As all the neighbors wanted to attend the service, the messenger said the service would be held iIi the school house. The captain replied that he was very ready to render what service he could.

The owner of a little saw-mill used his team and bob-sleigh to carry the mourners from the home to the school house and on a low, hand-made sled, covered with evergreens, rested the body of the boy as it was conveyed to the school house and to the grave. The father, walking beside the casket, drove the one ox hitched to the sled.

It is almost needless to add that after that day there was no one in the community more ready to welcome the captain of the Gospel cruiser to, his home than this grief-stricken father. He had discovered how necessary sometimes is the comforting Gospel of Christ.

The above story told to the writer by Rev. W. R. Howell, formerly commander of the "Robert G. Seymour," illustrated ~ev­ eral things relating to the work carried on by colporteur-missionaries by means of the Gospel cruiser.

Many communities situated on the arms and inlets of Puget 870 THE " ROBERT G. SEYMOUR" THE LARG EST GASOLENE DRIVEiN GO SPEL CRUI SER IN AMERICAN WATERS Sound or Coos Bay cannot be r eached except by water transportation. A few years ago this situation was brought home to the only Baptist pastor in two whole counties in Oregon. One day while traveling in a river boat he noticed that the craft stopped to discharge freight at the many piers along the way. It was the only means of reaching the people, and the thought came to hini "Why cannot this river be used to carry the Gospel as well as goods to the people 1 If only we had a colporteur-missionary in a Gospel boat!"

The first cruiser of the present fleet commissioned under Baptist auspices is the "Life-Line" which plies the waters of Coos Bay, Oregon. She was constructed under the supervision of Captain G. L. Hall, who is the present commander of the "Robert G. Seymour, " of Seattle. These boats were built by the American Baptist Publication Society for the special work in which they are engaged, and are under the general supervision of Rev. George L. White of Los Angeles, joint division secretary for the latter Society and the American Baptist Home Mission Society. They embody features which have been accepted after a previous attempt to use a missionary boat had failed because of the lack of chapel space. The" Life Line" is of the glass cabin cruiser type, forty feet long, and is equipped with a twenty-four horse-power engine.

The machinery is so arranged that one man can handle the boat. The main cabin is large enough to hold between thirty and forty people.

The "Robert G. Seymour," the largest gasoline-driven Gospel cruiser afloat in American waters, is fifty-one and a half feet long. She is equipped with a four-cylinder, forty-horse-power Corliss engine and can be operated by one man. Both boats have complete electric lighting equipment ",ith a search-light for night travel. The cabin of the "Robert G. Seymour," which serves as chapel as well as living quarters for the missionary-commander and his helper, is fitted with lockers for storage, an organ, and a loan library.

Puget Sound, with its one thousand seven hundred miles of coast line, is the scene of the "Robert G. Seymour's" activities. Here are eighteen counties accessible to sea-going vessels giving Washington more inland water front than any other state in the Union. In the many arms and inlets are countless islands and villages where absolute pioneer oonditions still prevail. While sixty per cent of the points touched by the Gospel cruiser are ·within one hundred miles of Seattle and others within fifty miles of some one of the thriving cities of Olympia, Ta~oma, Seattle, Everett or Bellingham, yet forests, as dense as any in America, and long water routes, isolate these communities from the above mentioned centers of population.

Using the school census as a basis of calculation it is estimated that one-third of the population of Washington is of fo;reign birth, and that ten per cent of the people living in school districts have no church or Sunday-school privileges. The men, whose families live in these remote communities, are employed in nine hundred saw-mills, four hundred and fifty shingle-mills and one thousand two hundred logging and bolt-camps.

The colporteur-captain preaches in school houses, cabins, logging and mining camps, barns and dance halls. On board his boat he carries magazines, papers and other literature printed in seven languages for free distribution. Books are loaned from the library. Preaching stations have been opened, Sunday-schools organized and chapels built as results of the Gospel cruiser work. Often the boat is used for a "relief ship" for families in distress.

GOSPEL ROLLING STOCK Another unique and successful form of colporteur-missionary work is carried on by means of the Chapel Car. Seven are owned by the American Baptist Publication Society and are available for home missionary work. Each car is a chapel in itself, with space provided for the living quarters of the missionary"and his wife.

GOSPEL CRUISERS AND CHAPEL CARS

By means ~f the cbapel car AUDIF,NCE; ROOM OF TH E; CHU RCH people bave been gatbered to- ON WHEELS gether in public services who might otberwise be deprived of hearing the Gospel. Hundreds of towns have been visited and many men and women bave been converted tbrough their use. By their ministry 218 churches and 358 Sunday-schools have been organized, 179 meeting houses' built, 272 pastors settled, 24,919 conversions reported, with 8,530 additions to tbe churches brought about otherwise than by baptism and 18,724 Scriptures distributed. 'l'he cars and their present fields of labor are as follows: Chapel Car "Evangel," Rev. V . E . Clarke and wife, Nebraska. Chapel Car "Gla:d Tidings," Rev. P. 1. Blanchard and wife, Missouri. Chapel Car "Emmanuel," Colorado. Chapel Car "Messenger of Peace," Rev. T. R. Gale and wife, V as hington. Chapel Car "Herald of H ope," R ev. .W. F . Newton and wife, W. Va. Chapel Car "Grace," Rev. E. R. Hermiston and wife, California. Chapel Car "Good Will," R ev. W. C. Driver and wife, Oregon.

H er e is the record of " E vangel" during sixty months, a service representative of that rendered by the workers in charge of the other cars: sermons, 2,188 ; families visited, 3,993; copies of the Scriptures distributed, 2,975; conversions, 892; baptisms, 596; additions to churches otherwise than by baptism, 490; pastors settled with salary raised, 19; church buildings erected, 5.

The following is a beautiful story of a conversion in one of these chapel cars. One hot day in July a car was attacbed to an express train for a long journey. All day long, services were held every two bours, to whicb th e passengers were invited. Many came becanse they liked tbe singing; otbers because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man a.ttended every service. No appeal seemed to move him. He was interested-that was all. At the last meeting of the day be was the first to respond to the invitation to take Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or wbo sent yon," he said to the missionary, "but I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you. Since sbe was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added 'Oh Jesus, hless papa, and make him love vou. ' She is now eleven veal'S old. I shall wire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

America's Crisis and

BY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE. D. D.• NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE nineteenth century saw a Republic of thirteen states- leaping rivers, sweeping across praries and over mountains- push on to the Pacific and northward to Alaska opening the way for peoples climbing toward freedom. What may not the twentieth century witness in the intensive growth of the same area~ .'

The Christian churches of America can do through their membership and organizations within the lifetime of this genera- tion exactly as much as God can do with the human tools at His disposal. Shall these tools be dull, poorly tempered, weakly made, or beaten out on the church anvils under the hammer of divine truth, and then hardened, sharpened, and tested 1 The slogan of the churches of the present century may well be: It Have the tools ready; God will give thee work." Some tools must be sharp to cut away the underbrush. Others must be made to plant the seed, to cultivate the soil, and still others to garner the wheat.

What are the peoples among whom our churches must labor?

Formerly they were alike; now they are unlike. Nothing in the history of the world faintly foretold the multitudes who have come from many lands to get the gold, the freedom, and the blessings of America.

Among the first group of selectmen in Cambridge, Massachu- setts, were those who carried out a vote of the town meeting to build a road extending a few miles westward into the wilderness.

Wben they reported their work and the expense they were asked why they built so long a road., The chairman answered: "While we were doing the work we thought we might as well build it as far as a road would ever be needed in that direction."

Are the Christian workmen of today holding views as short sighted and as incommensurate with America's future greatness in popula- tion, material increase, intellectual growth, and spiritual influence'

A CENTURY HENCE A hundred years from now how many inhabitants will dwell within our borders T What dangers will have been faced and escaped T What civil wars may threaten our land 7 What foreign complications may rise to embarrass us 7 Great social and industrial upheavals may break forth like slumbering volcanoes and try our souls. New and sudden national and international tests may come to our democracy. Dangerous caste systems may be produced by pride and wealth and arrogance. Heavy chastise- 874 ments may be visited upon the land if its people forget God. Painful social reconstructions will appear if men trample the Golden Rule under their feet. These questions suggest a hundred others that rise to perplex American churches and to confound not a few Christians as they contemplate the spiritual work that must be done and gird themselves for the strenuous tasks ahead.

The immensity of the task to make Christian even the cities in America is reflected in the experience of a man who notes the different nationalities he may meet in a single week. On Monday morning a Roumanian ashman cleans his cellar and a Pole whitewashes it walls. A Hollander prunes his vines; a German plumber comes to stop a leak in his bathroom and this man's helper is a Dane. His cook is a Swede, and the waitress is a Norwegian. As he leaves for his office a Belgian seamstress enters to help his wife. The man who paints his front fence is from Switzerland. He gives his,laundry to a Chinaman, visits a Russian tailor, orders groceries of a Welshman, meat from a Scotchman, and purchases fish at a Frenchman's store. As he waits for a trolley car an Italian vegetable man passes, while he is talking with an Irish policeman. The next day he buys hardware from an Alsatian and learns that his milkman is a Lapp, and his cobbler a Hungarian. In the evening a Philippine bell-boy shows him to a room in a hotel and among the waiters are Slovaks, Greeks, and Servians. The next day he takes luncheon in a Turkish restaurant, engages a Syrian to mend some rugs and purchases two more from an Armenian. In the afternoon he meets a college classmate, a Bulgarian, who introduces him to a Montenegrin. That evening he learns that the Austrian consul of the city has rented the house opposite. On Sunday he meets a Cuban Protestant at church and finds a Mexican, a Brazilian, a Lithuanian, a Peruvian, and a Haitian in a popular Sunday-school class of one hundred men. A Japanese merchant and his family attended evening service and the next day, as chairman of the committee to look after the repairs of the church, he learns that the Portuguese sexton has died, and selects a Canadian in his place. The following day a Spaniard washes his office windows, and a Jew wishes him a merry Christmas. In an early train, he counts twenty-eight passengers in the car. Four are reading German papers, twelve .Jewish, six Italian, and he concludes that the only American-born man in the car besides himself is a Negro!

If the churches in such a city, and if the churches in· all the land, can Christianize the various national groups, the Kingdom of God will extend its rule in many other countries dominated by interpretations of the Christian faith at variance with the simplicity of the Gospel of Christ. If America can be made thoroughly Christian, its influence will carry more weight than hitherto among

the non-Christian nations and will counteract the evil tendencies of militarism, autocracy and social degeneracy in so-called Christian nations.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE Into America very many of the blessings of democracy and of Christianity have come and here numerous dreams. of freedom have been realized. It may be the arena of the greatest spiritual conflict between Christianity and paganism which the world has ever seen. America is the caldron into which the silver and gold of many nationalities is being melted, to run into the molds of God's purposes. The most important international exchange is the exchange of foreigners fresh from the old world for earlier men and women who came to America, and in it have had their lives fused, purified and saved. America is the land where the largest plans of God for the people of the eartb. seem to be ripening.

The Japanese current striking the western shores of North America suggests the spiritual influence which Asia, when Christianized, may yet exert upon the new world. The Gulf Stream illustrates the hundred currents that flow from America to temper the harsh climate in northwestern Europe. If the Gulf Stream should cease to flow' eastward, what would happen 1 If spiritual influences from America should no longer pour toward. Europe, Asia, and Africa, especially in these days of national testings, how many spiritual harvests would never ripen f Dr. L. C. Barnes has interestingly said in his book, "Elemental Forces in Home ~Iissions, " that America is Messianic. To Christianize certain nations and all the national groups of the earth living in this land is to make the country the Messiah to all the darkened peoples of the world.

America has enjoyed a providential preparation for exerting a Christian, world-wide, gentle, but predominating influence. Its inheritance and environment have attracted many of the world's best people of achievement and ambition. America had a new start in life amid surroundings calculated to develop strength. Its driving power has been Christian optimism. In it the ideal man of world-wide sympathy is to be developed. Its experiment of life in the open air of freedom has attracted many millions of men wearied of national oppressi.on and of religious despotism.

If the churches do well their task, the cutting edge of America will be that of a Christian nation whose democracy is the foe of despotism, and whose freedom of life and of faith will become increasingly attractiV€ to those in other lands now oppressed by religious systems. After the great war now devastating the nations, America's influence must be larger than ever. The churches,

AMERICA'S CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY

therefore, and the missionary organizations uniting to make the nations Ohristian must be strongly supported and generously main- tained in these days, when a civilization that appeared to be Chris- tian has been almost shattered. America reaches out to bless the peoples of the world, daily brought nearer together by science and invention. The evangelical churches of the United States and Canada have the greatest opportunities ever entrusted to groups of Christian believers to extend a knowledge of the Gospel, not only to the incoming millions from other lands, to all in the Latin- American republics of North and South America, but also to the backward and non-Christian of all the nations of the earth.

America has imported through Ellis Island and similar places raw material from all the nations. Some of this raw material of human life is passed through the American picking machiue, carder, spinning-frame, and in the loom the design of freedom and purpose appears in the finished fabric. In this achievement the public school and the churches have worked hand in "hand.

Some of the unpromising imports are diamonds in the rough. They are uneven and require much cutting and polishing by skilful hands on the stones of education and religion. But when this is done they flash fmth the hidden light and find their proper setting in the social and industrial orders. Other imports are so plastic and weak that they need to be mixed with faith and love before they can be safely set in the permanent forms of American Christian life. All of this new human material in the finished state as little resembles its first condition as the bronze statue reminds one of the ores from which it was made.

America's greatest exports are not her grain and manufactures, but her finished spiritual products-men and women transformed by education and freedom, and transfigured by the Gospel of Christ. These redeemed souls will carry America's business methods, liberty, equality, fraternity, neighborliness, community spirit, initiative, brotherhood, evangelistic methods, and the passion for Christian service into all the nations of the world. East, west, north and south, American men and women trained by the Christian churches will be scattered as the living seed of the Kingdom of God, and as residents, merchants, travelers and missionaries will give the world their best.

THE CRISIS THAT FACES THE CHURCHES When we think of the possible Christian conquests of tomorrow there is general agreement" that the churches of today are facing a genuine crisis. America is a place where the forces of evil are doubtless massing to make their attempt to destroy the present economic order. Enemies are at work insidiously spreading destructive ideas and are carrying on their propaganda in

various languages by most skilful methods. Their aim is to undermine the faith of foreign groups of people in the present industrial order. The appeal is directed to the prejudices of those who have the new and fascinating temptations which come with large wages and isolation in a crowd. These apostles of iconoclasm, as skilful emissaries of evil, openly speak to the workmen by their side, and cautiously to strangers, knowing that evil as well as good is a leaven that by an invisible process changes the whole of the lump.

These agitators see that the present social and industrial unrest that follows the war furnish a fortunate time to scatter the seeds of class hatred over a world whose horizons are dimmed by the clouds of enmity. Evil is always militant. Hitherto the saloons have been the meeting places of these agitators. Hereafter the industrial clubs and quiet retreats will shelter their hidden activities. They are not relying, however, upon the weapons of iron, brass and steel, but are experienced in the manufacture and use of high explosives. Their leaders are often the educated rascals of Europe and the discontented foreigners who have slipped into America.

'J'he mass movements in Asia are toward Christianity. The mass movements of Europe and America are, we fear, away from Christianity. The great majority of those who are discontented with the present conditions in America are in the industrial groups. Most of those appealed to by present agitators believe in law and order. They concede that the adjustments needed between labor and capital should be brought about by constant and fraternal conferences between those whose interests seem to clash, but which are in reality the same. The churches of America are largely composed of the laboring people, who at heart believe that arbitration is the only way in which the industrial unrest of today can lead to the industrial faith of tomorrow. Those who have enjoyed the benefits of American institutions, and whose daily life and livelihood are bound up in the struggles of the present time, should stand firmly for a careful examination of all the facts that explain social and industrial conditions, insisting thai they be settled by arbitration. The message of the churches and their members who are in labor organizations should be a note of warning against following leaders who favor an industrial war, that will bring suffering to all parties and lead to no sure and sane results.

The home mission societies in America, alway!'! active in building churches, have a large share through the appeal to the individual and family in solidifying labor organizations which henceforth will playa great part in thoSQ human betterments, and which the world is anxious to possess. No other group in America, in rtIral and

urban centers, will touch so many lives and is in a position to be so helpful to those whose difficulties can be overcome, if a common meeting ground can be found. Why should not the church buildings of America be used as gathering places of all types of organizations that stand for brotherhood and mutual helpfulness? The touch' of Christ alone can settle the industrial unrest in our land. Surely the churches stand for human brotherhood and the worship of a God of unfailing love and justice, and are the centers from which should emanate a new understanding that shall be the oil en the waters in the present seething sea of unrest.

Several d€nominations, through their national missionary societies, are establishing departments of social service to study conditions and create contacts for all types of people. Buildings devoted to Christian social service are also rising in many places. The American Baptist Home Mission Societies already have established such buildings for the Japanese women of Seattle, the Ohinese of San Francisco, the foreign groups in East Hammond and Indiana Harbor in Indiana, the Morgan House for the Negroes in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Hungarian Home in New York City, the Dietz Memorial in Brooklyn, New York, and the Judson Memorial in New York City. In many other centers these and other societies are planning to do a similar work. Rural social service buildings are to be provided at the cross roads to enable country churches to become community centers. Such buildings interpret the spirit of the Saviour of the world, and assist men and women of different races and classes to feel the healing and unifying power of the GospeL The first Protestants to arrive in America succeeded not so much because of what they brought with them as because of what they were. They reached the strange shores equipped with axe and saw,' gun and Bible, a clean conscience and high thoughts. They established simple homes, necessary schools and plain, commodious churches. Thus these. small groups of pioneers have grown into a nation of a million souls. The regions west of the Mississippi, also, were developed by those who did not leave their religion behind them. The results already seen could not have been brought about if the home mission societies had not furnished spirituallea.ders in the new communities.

Christ's plan is to complete the tasks of the earlier workmen by the toil of the Christians of today. Weare to build the superstructures on a foundation laid by hands now quiet. We must dig for gold in the mines opened in the earlier days. 'We are to macadamize the roads already cut through the wilderness. We must cultivate and harvest what others have planted. Christ alone can make our later work bear fruit made possible by the earlier planting.

METHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 224 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK BEST METHODS FOR COLLEGES If the world is to be brought to the knowledge of Jesus Christ, the work must be done in large part by students. The supreme need is not money, but life. Our colleges must become our recruiting stations and our training camps. One-tenth of one year's student body from American Colleges would furnish the entire number of missionaries needed for the whole world.

THE FIRST STUDENT VOLUNTEER search revealed among Denmark's DECLARATION students and young ministers none The first foreign missionaries of modern times were two students. who glimpsed the privilege of being There was no great convention to the first Protestant missionary to the arol1se enthusiasm and to inspire the non-Christian world. Then he heard drawing up or the signing of this of these two German university students who had pledged themselves first student volunteer declaration. No to go anywhere God would send stirring addresses, no inspiring music, them to carry the Gospel. He sought no impassioned appeals from the them out and eagerly they accepted furloughed missionaries to challenge the call. them to a following of heroic leader- So it came to pass that to a ship. Few volumes of missionary royal layman on Denmark's throne heroism save' the Acts of the Apos- was given the privilege of sending tles were on their table. Instead of out and supporting the first modern the stimulating thrill of comrades all missionaries, and to two students about them whose hearts were stirred carne the opportunity of being the by the same great purpose, these first first Protestant missionaries to the two student volunteers were sur- non-Christian world. On November rounded by a Church indifferent to 29th, 1705, they sailed on the ship the great non-Christian world, and "Sophia Hedwig" for Tranquebar, by a faculty and student body who preceding the English pioneer Carey counted them fanatics. Thus met by eighty-eight years. They laid the Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry .foundation upon which Carey grate- Plutchau, the first volunteer band of fully testified that he largely builded Protestant missionaries. his work, and on which all mission- With the burden of the great un- aries to India since that day have saved world on their hearts, these also builded. two students met together and prayed and covenanted "Never to STUDENTS ARE PIONEERS IN seek anything but the glory of God, AMERICA ALSO the spread of His Kingdom, and the The oft told story of the beginning salvation of mankind, and constantly of American Foreign Missions needs to strive after personal holiness no to be repeated to students of each matter where we may be or what successive year.

crosses we have to bear." When On a hot August afternoon, in the pious King Frederick IV of Den- year 1806, five young college students mark became concerned about send- met in a beautiful maple grove near ing the Gospel to the people of In- Williams College, Williamstown, dia, he searched all Denmark for a Mass., to talk and pray about the young man who would go. His great need of India for Christ. At is(} that time there was not a foreign opportunity, the Studerit Volunteer missionary society in the United Movement is planning for a vigorous States and no missionary had ever year of missionary education. Its sailed from America to it non-Chris- progress is to be promoted, as usual, tian land. in close cooperation with the Student Young Men's and Young Women's As the students talked together Christian Associations and with the missionary boards of the various their leader, Samuel J. Mills, plead churches. This progress, which em- braces not only foreign missionary with them that it was possible for the questions, but North American prob- Christian people of the world to give lems as well, involves a variety of the Gospel not to India only, but to methods. all the world. It was then that Mills faced his classmates with the words 1. First and easily foremost is the of consecrated determination that Mission Study Class, or World Fel- have since become world famous- lowship group. Experience has "We can do it if we will." As they shown that this method, though it is talked, clouds gathered and thunder the most difficult, far out distances and lightning foretold a coming all others in effectiveness. Of the shower. The five students hastily courses of study that will come in sought the shelter of a nearby hay- for first emphasis three are in line stack and continued their discussion with the general theme that has been and their prayer. They dedicated chosen for Mission Study in the . themselves to God for the work of churches: "The Conservation of Hu- spreading the Gospel throughout the man Resources," namely, "Medical heathen world. As they arose from Missions" (Lambuth), "A Crusade their knees they saw a beautiful rain- of Compassion" (Allen & Mason), bow in the East which seemed to "New Life Currents in China" them a renewal of the promise of ( Gamewell ) . Other Courses on God's presence and blessing. which interest will be centered are "World Facts and America's Respon- Their plea to be sent to the foreign sibility" (Patton), "The Call of a field finally resulted in the organiza- World Task" (Murray), "Marks of tion of the first Foreign Mission So- a World Christian" (Fleming), "A ciety in America, and a monument Better World" (Dennett), "The Rid- marks the exact. spot on which the dle of Nearer Asia" (Mathews) and haystack stood. The monument "The Goal of India" (Holland). Books on North American problems bears the names af Samuel J. Mills, such as "Christian Americanization" (Brooks) and "Christianizing Com- James Richards, Francis L. Robbins, munity Life" (Ward and Edwards) Harvey Loomis and Bryan Green, will also be featured. the five students who were the first Americans to dedicate their lives to 2. The World Problems Forum is the spreading of the Gospel in the a method that is gaining in popular- great non-Christian world. ity. As its name implies, its sessions consist of an address lasting through COLLEGES AS RECRUITING STA. about half of the hour, and open dis- TIONS AND TRAINING CAMPS cussion from the floor. The atten- dance is of course much larger than }fisslonary Education Plans of the in the Mission Study class. The Student Volunteer Movement themes are connected and are based on a text b00k or a printed syllabus. J. LoVELL MURRAY Reference material is provided in which the members can browse in With the colleges and universities preparation for the discussion of the settling back into normal conditions, with missionary programs of the churches being greatly expanded, with a new international interest spreading among students, with the missionary fields sending across their messages of upheaval and need and

assigned topics. The themes treated average of over sao men. Some of usually relate to the broader aspects the meetings consist of programs of modern missions. The value of given by students, while at others an this method lies in its ability to reach address is given by a professor or a larger constituency than is possible outside speaker. Plays and pageants through discussion groups and to are sometimes given.

popularize and rightly interpret the 7. A wider use will probably be true meaning and processes of mis- made than in previous years of the sions. college paper. Committees will be 3. Lecture courses on Home and assisted in supplying the editors of Foreign Missions will be offered in these papers with a few well selected many institutions. These will· be facts of current importance, crisp given by missionaries on furlough, comments to enlist the public interest, mission board secretaries, returned items relating to student life in non- world travelers, interested professors Christian lands, short interviews with or others who can speak with special visiting missionaries or missionary knowledge of certain aspects of the boards, secretaries, carefully chosen modern problems of applied Chris- quotations setting forth the relation tianity. of Christian missions to the great 4. Larger attention than formerly world problems of the day, brief will be given to the organizing of in- views of notable books on world themes, extracts from letters written dividual missionary reading. The by missionary alumni, and other Committee will secure some of the "copy" which wide-awake editors newer mIssIonary books-travel, will be eager to accept. biography, history, fiction, religion, world affairs-strong, modern, finely S. A similar use will be made of written books, and sign up students bulletin boards. The same sort of to read one or more of them. A material, only on a homeopathic scale, schedule is drawn up and some one is suitable for display on these is responsible for each book, keeping boards. An alert sub-committee it moving from one reader to the should have this interest in charge next. and should see that the material is S. Missions are now finding a attractively displayed, very little at larger part in the curricula not only a time, and that it is changed at least of theological seminaries but also of twice a week.

other institutions of higher learning. 9. Less use has been made of pic- This is due partly to a growing torial material than its effectiveness recognition of the true nature of warrants. Stress will be laid on the Christian Missions, their significance value of photographs, posters and for human progress and their inter- cartoons, as well as graphs, .to set relation with other branches of learn- forth missionary information in ap- ing, and partly to their recent devel- pealing and challenging fashion. Im- opment as a science. Committees ported posters, including the Student will encourage students to elect such Volunteer Movement's set of thirty, courses and in some cases they may dealing with "Christianity and World iilitiate a request from the student Reconstruction," will be displayed in body for classroom instruction in a large number of institutions. Yet missions. wider attention will be given, it is 6. The missionary meeting will hoped, to the production of posters continue to be stressed in the regu- by local talent. Stereopticon lectures lar religious meetings of the college. such as the one prepared by the These meetings are often the most Volunteer Movement on "Christian- popular gatherings held on the cam- ity and World Democracy" will be pus. In one state institution they given in many colleges and univer- were attended in a recent year by an sities.

BEST METHODS

10. Large attention will be di- a group of Chinese students were rected also to the interest of mission- thus introduced to Pennsylvania farm ary literature, apart from the text life and greatly enjoyed the experibooks referred to above. Some of ence. this literature will be reference volumes and some will consist of popu- Chambers of Commerce in America lar books for general reading. Not are awaking to the importance of exonly books will be circularized but tending hospitality to foreign stusome of the best pamphlets as well, dents in their communities. A few including the Movement's "World days ago the Chamber of Commerce Reconstruction Papers." Committees in Columbus, Ohio, entertained at will be urged to see that some of the luncheon one hundred and twentyleading missionary periodicals are five' Chinese students who were made available either in the library meeting in the city in convention; or in the reading room of the Asso- the addresses on this occasion did ciation. very much to strengthen the ties of friendship between the two nations. These methods on the one hand do not exhaust the means which the en- Certain industrial leaders in Amerergy and ingenuity of local commit- ica are inviting foreign students to tees will devise, nor on the other inspect their manufacturing plants hand will all of them be employed and are taking special pride in exin anyone institution. But they are plaining the .welfare activities conall methods that are proving fruitful nected with such institutions; a group and all of them enter into the full of Latin Americans recently visited program of missionary education for such a plant in New England and the coming college year. were deeply impressed by the com- fortable rest room and other facili- HOSTS TO FOREIGN STUDENTS ties provided by the industrial con- cern for the young women in their How SOME AMERICANS ARE MEET- employ. ING THE OPPORTUNITY THE YALE '98 BAND CHARLES D. HURREY In the class of 1898 at Yale Col- Hanover College, Hanover, In- lege, there was a group of very eardiana, has offered a scholarship for nest student volunteers, among whom Christian Oriental students which were five young men who deCided will provide tuition, room and board. that they would devote their first year after graduation to an effort to A young woman student from share their own missionary vision Chile, member of the Catholic with the young people of the coun- Church, was recently entertained in a try. There was the problem not only Christian home near New York City; of taking out a year from the period she was much impressed with the of preparation for their life work, morning devotions conducted by the but also of financing their program. head of the house and after he had However, they were so earnest in gone to take his train for'New York, their devotion' to the cause and in she remarked, "How grateful you their conviction that they should do women in America should be that this work, that they went forward in your husbands are interested in re- faith that the money would be proligion; most of the men in my coun- vided without making a charge on try are totally indifferent to the re- the people whom they intended to ligious life and practices. serve. They had dedicated them- selves to this service, and after con- The secretary of the Young Men's sultation with some wise ad"i!,ors,. Christian Association in Lehigh Uni- like Dr. Robt. E. Speer, they ~egan versity frequently takes a group of .their work. Several times ibeX,were: foreign students in his automobile out in the country for a picnic; recently

without enough money to purchase M. Cairns tells of the way Smith railroad tickets from one city to the girls in America ha:ve been working next, yet never were they unable to for Cinling girls in China.

meet expenses on the whole itinerary, "We have found that we are more which led them from Boston to Chi- successful if we exert our efforts in cago and back. behalf of one definite thing. There- They were insistent that every day fore, we have taken Ginling College the five of them should begin with a as our center of interest. The girls season of prayer and Bible study, and are much more ready to help if they that they should have one day in know just what they are _helping.

seven for rest. "Then Sundays and Missionary appeals are oftentimes the other five days a week were far too indefinite. This year we had filled with meetings, Mondays were slides of Ginling and we always have steadfastly held as days of rest. a speaker who knows something One of the five young men was Law- about it. Attractive little booklets, rence Thurston, of Whitinsville, on Chinese style, containing interest- Mass., who became the promoter and ing information about the college, pioneer !!If the Yale Mission in China. as our center of interest. The girls Another member of the "Yale '98 After such a meeting as I have just Band" was Brownwell Gage, who mentioned we have a drive,-much became Dean of Arts of the Yale like other drives with a definite Mission in Changsha, China. An- quota, etc. This is one of Smith's other was C. V. Vickrey, who has ways of serving and it has proved been the organizer of the Young successful. Another thing which ] People's Missionary Movement which think l.elped a great deal was that extended later into the Missionary we had the foreign students speak Education Movement. Mr. Vickrey at a Christian Association meeting.

also has laeen Organizing Director and this brought them into closer of the Armenian and Syrian Relief touch with the other girls.

Committee which has raised and "Of course we have a publicity sent out some $20,(X)(),OOO, an amount committee who keep attractive post- which is larger than the budget of ers well within the sight of all.

most of the' denominational Foreign Other missionary work is done Mission :Boards. The fourth young through a mission cabinet which co- man, Enoch F. Bell, for many years operates with the Christian Associa- was a missionary in Japan and now tion."

is one of the secretaries of the CHURCH WORK CAMPAIGN AT American Board of Commissioners MOUNT HOLYOKE for Foreign Missions. The fifth member was D. Brewer Eddy, an- By VIiCINIA M. BI,ISS other secretary of the American Why are not more college girls Board. The experience of the definitely interested in church work? "Yale '98 Band" was a remarkable If they are,_ do they know the various instance of the achievements of col- kinds of church work into which they lege men when enthusiastic for mis- can go? To answer these questions, sions, and shows the _wenderfu1 Mount Holyoke students with the things accomplished for the King- assistance of the faculty and par- ticularly of Miss Wild of the Bible dom of God. Department, undertook a church ROB~RT E. HUM~.

SMITH CENTERS ON GINLINCO work campaign. Leaflets of the fol- lowing type were prepared: Some of the American colleges are 1. Religious Education becoming splendid big sisters to the A. Voluntary Service 1. Teacher in church school. struflglin(J young universities and 2. Leader of teachers' training colleges fn Eastern laMS. Miss Betty clas~.

BEST METHODS 88S

3. Director of religious education continued and was brought particu- in small church. larly to the attention of the girls through the college weekly, pesters, 4. Supervisor of curriculum in and notices in chapel and at. meals. This time special lines of work were church school. taken up and the following topiL;S were on the program: S. SupeTVisor of supplementary lit- Sunday-school work, rural (:hur~h erature. work, Biblical geography, dramatiza- 6. Librarian in church school. tion of Bible stories, church. music 7. Chairman of committee for and a summary of church work open to college girls. presentation of Bible plays. The campaign was felt to be worth 8. Writer of modern constructive while. We feel that at college, girls should be preparing for definite serv- literature. ice, and so should have church work brought before them in a form so in- B. Paid Service teresting that they will adopt it as their line of service. . 1 Director of religious education large church.

2. Teacher in Daily Vacation Bible School.

2. Home and Foreign Missions A. V'lluntary Service 1. Teacher of mission study classes.

2. Leader of mission bands.

3. Director of mission study.

4. Speaker at informal missionary gath erings.

eS.. Field secretary. pageants SECURING AN AUDIENCE FOR A Director of missionary MISSIONARY AT VASSAR and exhibitions.

B. Paid Service 1. Home missionary. By MARGARET S. Hou.n 2. Foreign missionary.

3. Secretary of a mission board. We are all agreed that it pays to advertise, but the method is worth 3. Special Activities within the Church. considering. Are your meetings well attended? What sort of pub- A. Voluntary Service licity committee have you? Here is a system that has proved most suc- 1. Chairman of publicity commit- cessful during the past year. Its or- ganization may be seen from the fol- tee. lowing diagram: 2. Director of church music.

3. Supervisor of church school equipment.

4. Chairman of special committee.

B. Paid Service 1. Pastor's secretary or assistant.

2. Parish visitor. MISSIONARY COMMI'l'TEE 4. Church Social Service Chairman A. Voluntary Vice-chairman Entertainment 1. Lea d e r 0 f Americanization Corresponding Sec. Committee classes. Publicity 2. Leader of organized church Committee school class. Hall Chairma,n 3. Leader of clubs. Hall Divisions or groups.

4. Leader of young peoples' society. All the work of preparation for meetings is attended to by the M ect- S. Research worker for surveys ings Committee. The chaitmari,ilis responsible for the work of, three and statistics. vice-chairmenwhci attend' respec- These leaflets were distributed in college and each girl was expected to tively to engaging the speakers;: PI'(I)- fill out a blank stating the work viding for their enterta~nmeMtI' and which she would prefer tJ do. giving proper publicity to their meet- ings. Under the vice-chairman' head- In the fall, the campaign was be- ing the publicity division arc': lline gun with meetings on general sub- girls, one at the head of eachd'Orniijects as, "The Church of the Future," tory, and each of these has. in turn, by Dr. Tippey, "The College Girl's about ten girls serving on her: hall Place in the Home Church," by divisien of the committee. President Woolley, and "Achievements by College Women in Church Members of the hall division'3are Service," by Mrs. Helen Barrett appointed to look up material about Montgomery.

In the winter, the campaign was

coming speakers. "Notes on the believes in God and in His commis- Noted" are then published in the is- sion and is willing to keep constantly sues of our Mi$cellany News preced- at the work of enlisting others. ing· the meetings. On the bulletin Miss Fleming mentions some of the boards in the halls there are trans- things she has seen successfully parent envelopes labeled Meetings done: Committee, in which advance infor- mation is put regarding speakers. POSTERS. There has been a great The hall-divisions read the notices, demand for these in colleges. One are primed with facts even before has put them in the postoffice. One the Miscellany comes out; and when has them in the different halls, someone says at the dinner table, changing them about once a week so "Who is this man, anyway, that's they attract more attention. going to talk at Christians' tonight?" some member of the committee is THE TIME DIFFICULTY. Other handy to tell Who's Who. colleges may find suggestion in the way in which Hastings College, Ne- And then attractive posters have a braska, met the time difficulty in place in the psychology of advertis- making their program. In this col- ing. One or two are put in the lege there is a daily chapel period. Post Office where everyone must see The faculty consented to give this them when waiting for mail. And period on Friday morning to the one is posted outside each dining students for their World Fellowship room door where people can't miss groups, extending the time ten min- them as they're coming out from utes. The whole college was sub- divided into Mission Study Groups meals. so that all students attended the Then the committee of one hun- classes. The work was in charge of the students and the usual methods dred that's been working up a meet- were used. 'ing goes to see what it's like; and the rest of the college wants to OPEN MEETINGS. One of the find out if the speaker is what he is most inspiring open student volunteer cracked up to be. meetings was one in which each vol- unteer presented the. needs of the The publicity for all the activi- country to which she was going. ties of the Association, with the ex- ception of the meetings, is under the USING THE REVIEW. Some col- direction of a separate Publicity leges are making splendid use of the Committee, one member of which is Missionary Review of the World. responsible for the Bulletin Board,' The Signs of the Times, Editorials where pictures and notices of the and News make excellent material various activities are kept posted, for minute-men speeches in current another for the Association shelves events. The articles furnish the best in the College Library, another for material for keeping Mission Study the reports in the Miscellany News classes up-to-the-minute in world and so on. This is the central com- happenings. The Best Methods De- mittee which is the real publicity de- partment is a mine for the mission- ary committee. One girl I know cuts partment. it out each month and binds the parts together as a book to hand down to HOW SOME OTHER COLLEGES the next committee. Often there are WORK items or quotations that are especially good for the bulletin board. Miss May A. Fleming, Traveling EXPRESSIONAL PROGRAM. Many Secretary of the Student Volunteer colleges give especial attention to ex- Movement, who sails for Japan this pressional programs at the close of month, has done much to help col- the course, including a debate be- leges to better missionary methods. She reports no difficulty in getting tween classes and a play or pageant. plans put into successful operation where there is even one student who

Woman's Home Mission Bul1etin

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS HOME MISSION WEEK methods that have been both popular and successful in the great war- By M. KATHERIN£ B£NN£TT President of the Council of Women for time drives. Home Missions The time chosen to be designated "HOME Missi.on Week is an at- as "Home Mission Week" was in tempt to Impress upon every November, the week immediately preceding Thanksgiving, when the man and woman of every church of nation is called to give thanks for every evangelical denomination in the mercies of the year. It seemed this country the supreme importance a fitting time in which to tum the of saving America for the Kingdom thoughts of Christian people to the of God, and to convince them that need of their land; to ask them to they have a distinct personal respon- translate their gratitude iIi terms of sibility in the performance of this service for it. The three months' stupendous task." educational campaign was conducted by Mr. Charles L. Stelzle, whose fine No less a challenge to the churches publicity work developed large quanthan this was made by the Home tities of specially prepared literature Missions Council and the Council of and of programs adapted to the use Women for Home Missions when of larger and smaller churches alike, they originated and developed plans to the rural as well as to the city for a special interdenominational church, and to the various organiza- Home Mission Week in 1912. The tions within the churches. This matwo Councils were at the time less terial was circulated throughout the than four years old, but they were United States through the Home vigorous and progressive and they Mission Boards whose cooperation had already come to the realization assured the success of the week. of all that they had in common and that their service could be most When the period arrived preparaeffective when cooperative. It was, tions had been well made; 'and so therefore, together that they sought splendid was the response that from for some method by which there many directions came insistent demight be a new awakenment of the mand that the two Councils continue churches in the interest of Home their service in furthering an annual Missions. Home Mission Week. From 1912 through 1918, with the exception of It was recognized that a simultane- 1915, this November week has called ous presentation throughout the the people of the churches together country would challenge attention. for prayer and thought in behalf of But trained speakers to cover .the this land. It has not been necessary in whole territory were not available. the succeeding years to map out the These must be prepared for the task, elaborate plans and to prepare literathat when the week of concentrated ture of such variety as were needed effort should come, leaders and for the launching of the new enspeakers should be ready in every deavor; now the people know of and town and village. "Home Mission wait for the simple programs that Week," said the first pamphlets, "will are issued by the Councils. be the culmination of a campaign of publicity and education covering a Of late years a special Home Misperiod of three months." In the sion topic has usually been chosen plans as they were finally developed as the subject for presentation and, there was a foreshadowing of the when possible, this topic has been 887

affiliated with that chosen for the 4. The Delbriick Law passed by Ger- Home Mission study of the year. many in 1912, whereby a citizen of Ger- This has, made available the literature many could retain his citizenship in Gerprepared by the educational depart- many after taking out naturalization paments of the boards and has had the pers in the United States. added advantage of concentrating attention on one phase of America's S. The laws of states that permitted need. For the last two years the citizens of a country with which we were annual Day of Prayer observed by at war to vote in those states. the Women's Missionary Societies, and for which the Council of Women 6. The provisions of the Flood Bill prepublishes a special service, has been sented at the last Congress which proheld during Home Mission Week. posed to deal with this question.

Thus the third week of November 7. The law excluding Chinese from has come to be looked upon in many citizenship. churches of many denominations as a rallying time, when national prob- 8. The law under which Japanese are lems and national evils are prayer- excluded from citizenship. fully faced by the Christian Church, and when she sets herself anew to 9. The laws regarding citizenship of the winning of the land for Christ. women.

SUGGESTIONS ON THE NEW 10. The exact provisions of the bill pre- TEXT-BOOK pared by the National Committee for Con- structive Immigration Legislation. "Christian Americanization, A Task for the Churches" 11. The exact provision of the so-called Literary Test Bill. By MRS. HALLIE LINN HILL 12. Present bills before Congress deal- Chapter III • ing .with Immigration.

This entire chapter may well be The Duties of Citizenship should given over to a study of citizenship, include: and the material analyzed as follows: 1. An understanding of our language. 1. The foreign language press, 2. An understanding of our laws. 3. An understanding of our history. schools, societies, and churches; their 4. An understanding of onr institutions. effect upon citizenship. 5. A desire to uphold law and order under our government. 2. Laws regarding citizenship. Chapter IV 3. Duties of citizenship. The fact that there are in the Assimilation is arrested United States 1575 publications in I. On the part of the foreigner by: (a) Inability to speak English. 38 tongues with a combined circula- (b) Persistence of Old World ideas. (c) Persistence of Old World habtion of 10,982,000 is of supreme im- its. portance only when we consider that (d) Self interest of their own lead- ers. the readers of these publications are 2. On the part of Americans by: either citizens or prospective citizens (a) Lack of a National policy. (b) Lack of a Community policy. in a Republic, in which the vote of (c) Greed for gain on the part of one man has the same value as the some business enterprises. (d) Exploitation on the part of vote of any other man. politicians.

Study of the laws regarding citi- An open discussion may be stimuzenship is omitted from the chapter latjng on the statement on page 93: in the text-book. This study should "The slums of our great cities are include: not created by foreigners, the fore- 1. Our naturalization laws, igners are forced there by circum- 2. The possibility and practice of securing fraudulent naturalization papers. stances." The slums of many cities 3. The laws of states that permit men who are not citizens to vote, even for were once fashionable streets where the President of the United States. dwelt the leading families. Ques- tion: "What would be the condition of your street within six months if foreigners fresh from the Old World moved into one-half the homes."

Why? Contrast Old World ideas of life with American ideas.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

A Community policy should IU- WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR dude: THE FOREIGN-BORN WOMAN 1. A comprehensive housing plan to As a Society make slums impossible. 1. Appoint an Americanization Com- 2. Effort to make use of what the for- mittee to find out what is being done in eigner can contribute to enrich the com- your city and to formulate plans by munity life. which your society can cooperate with ex- isting agencies. A National policy should include: 1. Protection of the immigrant-our fu- 2. Through educational authorities con- duct classes in language, cooking, sewing, ture citizen-on his or her journey. etc., if necessary having the mothers 2. Protection at destination. bring their little ones to be cared for 3. Protection from sharks of' their own by those of your members who will volun- teer for this phase of the work. race. 4. Protection from fake employment 3. Urge and bring about-through your own society, if necessary-the appointagents. ment of home teachers who will visit the S. Protection at work. homes, lead interest toward school and 6. Protection by education. sympatheticalIy and patiently try to cor- 7. Protection in courts. rect un-American home standards. 8. Protection from politicians. 4. Establish through community actiCilfl Salient points on many of these civic reforms that will work f'or the betthemes can be brought out in .a de- terment of living conditions, congestion, bate on: "Resolved, that un-Ameri- housing, sanitalion. can conditions are produced by Americans." This may be arranged S. Reach foreign-born women in indusas an evening meeting, thus interest- try through fair employers and the Chaming the whole church. There are de- ber of Commerce, demanding for them cidedly two sides to the question, fair treatment and proper facilities for and the negative should make a comfort and efficiency. study of the business enterprises employing sweat shop labor. These are 6. Conduct educational campaigns, esthe most oppressive of all and it will tablishing information bureaus in immibe found that these businesses are in grant sections on Naturalization, Voting, the hands of foreigners who system- Home Economics and Child Welfare. atically oppose all legislation which American organizations undertake to 7. Reconstruct some part of the proremedy the evils. Study the for- gram oof your missionary meetings in oreigner who has become foreman in an der to interest the foreign-born woman, industrial plant and his attitude to- and thus bring her in touch with the acward the men under him. Study tivities of, the church. conditions in various cities, tracing the sorrow and suffering caused by 8. In short, make your church and your failures of private banks, run by their woman's work a center of Americanizaown people, through which the poor, tion, and thus show that the union of trusting immigrant has been system- many nations into one nation has for its atically robbed. basis Christian brotherhood.

National and community policies As Individuals comprehensive enough to remedy most of the existing evils should be 1. Be neighborly-encourage her to evolved by Americans who love their come to your home to see how you cook, country. Give out the assignment to care for your children and your house. some of the men and women of the church to outline their ideals of such 2. Help her through your kindness, fairpolicies. Arouse public opinion and ness and sincerity to understand Ameridiscussion. can life and customs–our homes, our schools and our institutions.

3. Through your appreciation of her, help others to appreciate the true worth of these women from across the sea and the fine things of the countries from which they come.

4. Teach a class in the English langnage to a group of immigrant women, getting your introduction through the schools, the settlements, or your own church.

5. Help her in as many other ways as possible to keep pace with her busband and American-born children.

6. See that the sanitary conditions of the stores, houses, streets and vacant lots in the section in which she lives receive

the same attention from authorities as others, the .spirit of the obedient sol- they do in your neighborhood. dier of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Commander. 7. Adopt a special family, and "be a big sister to it through sunshine and shadow A PAGEANT OF DEMOCRACY (15 and joy and torment and work and play cents) published jointly by the Coun- and make it your contribution to Ameri- cil and the Missionary Education can unity." Movement, is closely linked to the theme of the year. Careful direc- 8. In all that you do, interpret Amerka tions as to costumes, which, by the to the foreign-born woman and her fam- way, are very simple, are appended. ily in terms of Christian love so that their Americanization may be a Christian THE TEXT-BOOK SUPPLEMENT (10 Americanization. cents) by Mrs. Waid, for use with "Christian Americanization," is most "This is patriotic service due your land stimulating. For each chapter there from the women this land has blessed." is an introductory thought, analysis, questions, program based on the text- "This is patriotic Christian service due book, program with references from your Chdst from the women He has set many sources, and a list of sug- in this land to be a blessing to all other gested themes for study. The books lands." mentioned as references make a valu- able addition to the bibliography in "We can reach women in their homes the text-book. There are also nu- less by organization than by personal serv- merous general suggestions, original ice, less by system than by sympathy; ideas for special meetings, material less by crowds than by quiet talks over for programs, suitable poems, and a the babies." serviceable list of pamphlets and bul- letins on Americanization, including "America will become Americanized just leaflets published by the various mis- in proportion as American life finds its sion Boards. place at the fireside." Margaret T. Applegarth in the "The immigrant came to us in a spirit LEADER'S MANUAL (10 cents); to ac- of adventure with romance in her heart company CALLED To THE COLORS, has and with something of the spirit of the based the program for each chapter crusader-otherwise the little home could upon the acrostic R E C R U ITS, not have been broken up and the perils of and there are suggested drawings, the big ship and the terms of a new land handwork, a word pi, blindfold faced. games, a star hunt, a poster party and other delightful exercises. The "The welding of a nation is a big ad- "Take Home Envelope" (10 cents) venture and those who take a hand in it contains six cards to be colored. must welcome the dangers and the risks and the unknown and un foreseen perils This literature, published by the with joy and enthusiasm and imagination Council, may all be obtained from and courage, never doubting the outcome the women's constituent denomina- always willing to pay, and always ready tional boards and societies. for the new day's work." "Bring thy best, for He is kingly From 0'1Americanisation 01 the Poreign-Born Bring thy offering full and free; Woman" a leaflet published by Woman's Board of Home Missions, PresbyterianJ U. S. A. Thou canst never match His bounty For He gave His life for thee. THE STUHY BOOKS Oh, to give with glad thanksgiving, CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION, A Freely, freely, we receive, TASK FOR THE CHURCHES, by Char- Counting this our crowning blessing- That He gives us power to give." les A. Brooks, presents a we'!-lth of -Selected. material on national unity, national morale and idealism, foreign lan- guage problems, assimilation, evi- dences and motives of arrested assimilation, the process and progress, agencies and promotion of Americanization and the responsibility and task of the Church. CALLED TO THE COLORS by Martha Van Marter, for Junior readers, stimulates in young people the com- rade spirit; the spirit of service to

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NORTH AMERICA Bureau tor Christian Americanization Bolsbevls' Sunday Schools THE General Board of Missions of the Episcopal Church has in- A CCORDING to Mr. W. C. augurated a branch of activity to be Pearce, director of the New called the "Bureau for Christian York State Sunday-school Campaign Americanization," and has outlined a for funds, the American Sunday- program under the three divisions of schools, during the war, suffered a Preliminary, General and Particular. loss in membership of about 1,000,- 000, and careful surveys show that The preliminary work of the Buthe delinquency of youths has rap- reau will be to obtain information as idly increased. Mr. Pearce points to the Church's previous and present out the fact that in one of our work among immigrants and its large cities announcement has been further needs; to consult those almade of plans for inaugurating 300 ready at work on the problem; to Bolshevist Sunday-schools, and that conduct a pUblicity campaign; and to a catechism has been printed which make available all publications on the is evidently for distribution through- general subject. The general work out America, and is especially de- will be to act as a center to coordisigned to reach the children of our nate and invigorate existing and to £.oreign-speaking population. The suggest new work; to arouse the necessity for extending religious edu- Church to personal responsibility and cational work needs no elaborating. aggressive action; to become known as a clearing house of experience, ad- Efficiency In Home Missions vice and encouragement, and a cen- ter of supply. Among particular en- APLAN for re-grouping vacant terprises, it is the intention to publish churches has been put into effect instructive pamphlets, bilingual tracts by the Southern Presbyterian Church, and hymn books; to provide adequate and after two years' trial in Tusca- training for workers and cooperate loosa Presbytery has proven very ef- with port chaplains. fective. A few years ago, some forty churches in this Presbytery The Living Church. were receiving aid and all were vacant. Rev. A. G. Irons was ap- Welsh Presbyterians Vote tor Union pointed field secretary to survey the field, recommend re-grouping of WHEN the Triennial General Aschurches and make every-member sembly of the Welsh ,Presbycanvasses. A number of groups terian Church met recently at Racine, consisting of four or five churches Wisconsin, it took a vote of indiwere asked to accept for one year vidual congregations on the question as supply some one chosen by the of organic union with the Presby- Committee. .At the end of that time terian Church, U. S. A., and found the supply might either be removed a vote overwhelmingly in favor of or a definite call extended. union. A Committee was appointed to complete the plans for the merger, The result has been that at pres- and a report will be presented in ent only one group of four churches May, 1920. is without a pastor, and this group will shortly be supplied. Salaries The Continent. have been put at a minimum of $1200 and parsonage. Furthermore, Home Mission Institute much of the former rivalry and dis· sension has been eliminated. ONE thousand, one hundred and sixty persons registered for at- tendance at the Home Missions In- 891

stitute, held at Chautauqua, New Need 01 the Man in Prison York, August' 16-22, at which the AFORM of Christian service which general theme "Americanization" na- has been too largely neglected is turally resolved itself into the more that for the inmates of penitentiaries missionary one of "Christian Ameri- and prisons. Only the combined and canization." Missionaries present de- determined effort of Christian agenscribed their work -among Indians, cies can cope with a situation which Negroes, Porto Ricans, Mormons and is truly a menace to American life. foreign-speaking peoples. Miss Ishahara San of Tokyo, a student of Co- Various investigators estimate that from 1,000,000 to 1,750,000 persons are committed to jails and work- lumbia University, spoke from the houses each year. From thfse ranks point of view of a foreign sojourner come those who are finally sent to in, America, and emphasized the great prison. The most conservative esti- mate gives the number of men reneed of Christian Americanization. leased from prison annually as 200,- Practical MIsslon Study Class OOO-probably it is nearer 500,000.

T II E Neighborhood Church of A comparison of figures is inter- Pasadena, California, ventured esting. The United States Bureau the experiment of a Mission Study of Education reports a total of 244,- Class on Wednesday evenings, and at 005 men being trained in our various the first meeting a local fireman who institutions of higher education in happened to be present was so im- 1916 and 765,652 in preparatory and pressed with a reference to Harry high schools. During the same year, F. Ward's book, "The Gospel for a reform schools contained 61,095 in- Working World" that he remarked mates, prisons about 500,000, while that the boys in the fire department jails, workhouses and other penal in- stitutions enrolled perhaps 1,500,000 would be interested in that. From more. Thus, our prison-trained men this tentative suggestion, well at- outnumber our college-trained men tep.ded meetings at the Fire Com- more than two to one.

pany's, headquarters have resulted. Prisoners' ,!id Societies are doing Several chauffeurs have joined the much to assist the prison men in firemen. securing employment, but are very The men have led, various persons rarely able to win for them a place in being called in for discussion of the church life of the community. It specific topics. For example, an at- is not enough to find such men a job, torney, a manufacturer and a Chair- Apart from the dynamic of Christ's man of the local Americanization Gospel, there is no force which can CQmmittee were among those who transform these men as they come participated and brought fact from out of prison into honored and their several experiences which bore trusted citizens. Corrupt politicians upon the topic in hand. One tan- and organizations like the I. W. W.

gible result, at least partially due to are ready to welcome them, and soon tqese sessions, has been the guar- they are found again within the antee of the Sunday rest for fireme!1, ' circle of crime. At a time when all a. measure which became operative the turbulent forces of the world July 1. seem to be unleashed, the problem of Altog,~~~,er) the eight weeks' serv- the prison inmate cannot be ignored, ice in the tire House has quickene@ a new spirit of ,friensll!n~ss, l,ld ,!llk Tl)e Baptist Board of Promotion A der~tan~iing between" pe()pr~…"o~ ,iii~, T the Northern Baptist Convenferent mterests and has, prnveO ,~~- , tion, which met in Denver last nently worth while. .' May, a General Board of Promotion , ' 'The Congregationalist. was appointed, composed of repre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sentatives from every state affiliated Iy visits, distributed 17,560,124 vol- with the Convention and from every umes and held 607,831 meetings.

department of the ;ienominational The Tract Society, moreover, has work. At the beginning of each a keen appreciation of the needs of year this board will present a com- our own country and of the world in bined budget which, when adopted the great work of reconstruction by the annual convention, will be made imperative by after-war condi- apportioned among the State organi- tions. It realizes the perils of the zations and by them among the in- baneful teachings and practices that dividual churches. are obtaining too largdy in our own At Denver, a $6,000,000 fund was land, and more especially in foreign completed and a $2,000,000 gift was countries, and is fully conscious that received from Mr. John D. Rocke- only through the printed page carry- feller. Emulating the Southern Bap- ing the saving truths of the Gospel tist Convention,· the Northern Bap- can the dire effects of evil literature tists adopted a proposal to raise be counteracted.

$100,000,000 in the next five years New Rockefeller GUt for benevolences and church work at home and abroad. The goal was MR. John D. Rockefeller has conalso set for sending out in the next tributed $2,000,000 to the Min- five years 228 new missionary fami- isters' and Missionary Board of the lies and 225 single women into the Northern Baptist Convention. No foreign fields. Other advance steps restrictions were made as to the use included the increase of missionary of the principal and income, which salaries, better provision for mission- will be spent in caring for indigent aries' children and seventy-five mis- Baptist ministers of the Northern sionary automobiles. A resolution States.

was also passed providing for the This gift increases by half the publication of a national Baptist $4,000,000 Endowment Fund, the innewspaper. come from which is now being used In response to an offer from the to support "not the veterans of the Southern Baptists a joint commis- battle, but the wounded and "those sion will henceforth direct coopera- who have fallen by the wayside"

tion in the education of the negroes.

Christian centers are also to be es- Freedmen's Mission in Alabama W tablished in districts where foreign ILCOX County, Alabama, is perhaps one of the c:::-~:~~; languages are spoken and in industrial centers. spots in the whole South. One may possibly get some idea of tLe char- American Tract Society acter of this darkness, and of its AT the ninety-fourth anniversary density, from the fact that although of the American Tract Society, there are more than ten thousand held in New York last May, great Negro children of school age in the stress was laid upon the reports of county, the appropriation for their the campaign for evangelizing the edl1catif1t1 was considerably less than foreign-speaking element in the ft UT ' llOusand dollars; that the United States. 5ch' is for colored children are open During the year the Society's mis- ab ut three months during the whole sionary colporteurs have made 143,- ~ ~ar, and the teachers 'are paid from 553 family visits and distributed 72,- twc;nty to twenty-five dollars per 374 volumes of Christian literature mOnth.

and conducted 5,028 religious meet- The United Presbyterian Church ings. Since the Society began this has five stations located in this line of service its missionary col- county, employing more than fifty porteurs have made 19,102,415 fami- workers, and is spending more-than

six times as much money for Negro their door. The average attendance education in this one county as is th" at the Simnasho, Oregon, Indian whole State of Alabama. Through Mission for a year was one out of these, nearly fifteen hundred students seven, and some of the members live are being reached and through these eighteen miles from church. Some students many of whom become who came most faithfully live ten teachers, hundreds of homes are be- miles away. ing made better. New Jersey Pine Belt Mission to Mormons I N the Pine Belt of New Jersey, THE Utah Gospel Mission, where during Revolutionary days, founded in 1900, was the out- Tory and HeS'sian hunted and fought, come of a study made by pastors in a recent investigation shows that Utah, and a consultation with thousands of men, women and chil- Christian workers in all the outlying dren are living there, who are cut off regions as to the most effective from all that makes life worth while. means of reaching Mormons. The Though they are surrounded by a western work is threefold: first, to highly developed civilization, these visit every home and spend at least five thousand people are living witha half hour in personal, religious con- O'lt proper schools, without churches, versaton ; second, to supply every or even the Bible, without books or home with a copy of the Bible, and periodicals, without ideals. They third, to hold one or more meetings might well be called "The Without in every settlement, at which the fun- People." damentals of religious truth are presented and decisions urged. Several A Christian mISSIOnary reports churches have resulted from this that they have an intense desire for work. Other Sabbath School work better things and as a result the gives promise of developing into a churches have awakened to this mischurch later. sionary opportunity, so long ignored. There is now a clamor among these As proof that the Mission is people for good roads, rural delivery, stimulating the Mormons in the use better schools, for the missionary and of the Bible, and making them feel the Bible. the need of defending their position, the fact is cited that three new books The superintendent of Synodical on the Bible have been issued by Missions of the Presbyterian Church Mormons within three years, and visits the "Piney" people, preaching are widely used in their Sunday- and teaching and visiting the sick. schools. Although missing. no chance A woman helper goes from settleto give a Mormon turn to everything ment to settlement as nurse, teacher possible, it is encouraging to find and friend. Plans for better meththem using the Bible even imper- ods of farming are under way, and fectly. assistance is forthcoming for better means of communication with the Indians Good Church Attendants great world, for whatever helps the people to help themselves is real and THERE is less Sabbath desecra- practical Christianity. tion, proportionately, among the Indians than among white people. Mexican Ministers Make Plans . Indians are' also more given to church attendance. Portland, Ore- DISCUSSIONS of the problem of gon, recently boasted that on a given Americanization at a joint con- Sunday one out of every seven of her ference of Presbyterian and Methodpopulation attended church. But the ist Mexican ministers in the Southtest was made on a fair day, and west, held at Albuquerque, N. M., in the city dwellers had churches at August, revealed an appreciation of the immense task of making American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Christian. With a new spirit of con- The Methodist Church of Canada IS secration the ministers pledged to go carrying on a three-fold work for back to their work with a new enthu- these people in Toronto-social, edu siasm for the cause of Christ. They cational and evangelistic-adapted tt adopted a definite educational pro- suit immigrant life and conditions. gram along financial lines, and Gratifying growth along all lines is pledged themselves to win during the reported. The Sunday-schools have current church year 1,000 new had an enrollment this year of more souls for Christ. Last year 382 than 200, and about 120 children are were added to the rolls of Mexican registered at the day schools. churches. LATIN AMERICA The Continent. Restoration of Guatemala. lfission Tooker Memorial-For Chinese Children THE Presbyterian Board of For- ON the outskirts of Oakland, eign Missions is arranging for California, is a School for Chi- the reconstruction of the buildings in nese children. Under direction of Guatemala destroyed by earthquake Miss Cameron, it has outgrown its in December, 1917. The Woman's old frame building and has over- Board has raised over $8,000 to reflowed into an annex. On a five- place the hospital, and has approacre lot given by Captain Robert Dol- priated $10,000 to maintain the lar, the new $150,000 Tooker Me- work. morial is to be erected, through the generosity of Miss Mary R. Prices have increased in Guatemala Tooker, to accommodate at least one even more than in the United States, hundred children. The buildings and workingmen's wages have gone will include a main school building, up from 100 to 400 per cent, so that a nursery, an infirmary and several the work will not be without its difficottages. culties. There wab never so bright an outlook as now for missionary Chinese Church Adopts New Era work in Guatemala.

THE Chinese Presbyterian Church Tract Distribution Brings Results has taken up the New Era Movement. Twenty-six persons were THE value of systematic tract disreceived into membership at the last tribution is strikingly evidenced communion service, one of whom in an interesting report given by was a leper. The Chinese pastor, Mr. E. Grey, of Buenos Aires, who with two of his elders, went to the left England in 1905, and has since county hospital, baptized and received been carrying on an evangelistic work him into membership. in the country. He says: "We early appreciated the efficacy of systematic Italians iu Toronto tract distribution in the increased at- tendance at the various meetings. TORONTO has about 6,000 Ital- Several young men always took out ians, most of whom come from a large number of tracts for distri- Southern Italy, where oppression and bution, and as they took each mornmisrule have hindered industrial de- ing a different route to business, velopment. There are some barbers, many thousands were distributed. tailors, musicians, etc., among the The effect on the attendance was Toronto Italians, but the great ma- electrical. From fifty or sixty the jority belong to the pick and shovel hearers increased to two hundred stratum of society, and although il- and even more, and this number was 'literate they are not unintelligent. sustained even when meetings were Those who are not wholly indifferent held nightly. Many were converted to religion are atheistic or violently and can be seen in the assemblies to opposed to religion under any name. this day.

The customs of the country fur- has taken steps to raise funds to meet nish opportunities which the workers this urgent need. This is doubtless are quick to seize. In all countries but the beginning of a larger move- where Roman Catholicism is the ment of this kind.

State religion it is customary to visit the cemeteries on All Saints' Religions Toleration in Spain F Day (Nov. 1), and from the .grave IVE hundred delegates from all parts of Spain and from many of the departed to declaim to the onlookers his or her virtues. From foreign countries gathered in Madrid the graves, therefore, of those of the May 7th to celebrate the reaction evangelical faith occasion is made from religious intolerance toward not only of preaching the Gospel, but freedom of worship. This was the also for the distribution of thousands first large interdenominational assem- of tracts." bly to be held in Spain, and the meet- EUROPE ings were essentially inspirational. North Africa, France, England, Ire- How Many Bible Readers? land, Scotland, Mexico, and the Ar- A BRITISH writer in the London gentine Republic were represented by Daily Chronicle, who is described speakers who took part in the meetas "an authority on religious teach- ings. At the close of the final meeting," makes the startling statement ing a set of resolutions was passed, that less than two thousand of the directed to the government, and askforty-five million people in Great ing for complete religious liberty, Britain read the Bible. Conclusion with especial reference to civil maris arrived at by a method of division, riages, to the secularization of cemestarting with the number who hear teries, to the removal of requireparts of the Bible read on Sunday. ments upon soldiers and sailors to at- These he puts at five million, exclu- tend certain masses, and to the sive of children. This number is removal of the requirement of examdivided by ten to exclude those who inations on Catholic doctrine before pay no attention to what they hear; entering government schools.

and another division by ten, to rule out "scrappy readers," brings the Rel1gions Freedom. in Germany U number down to 50,000. This is NDER the new Constitution of Germany which has become effurther subjected to shrinkage to include only those who have an intel- fective, all citizens of the country ligent conception of "the setting of are to have freedom of belief and the Bible," and the last and severest conscience, and there is to be no test involves the question as to what State Church. Freedom in educa- the Bible is, and its relation to ethics tion is guaranteed to every citizen, and humanity. and all men are to have fundamen- How would these tests apply to tally the same rights and duties m American readers? the State. Rank is abolished, so also are titles of nobility.

Bibles Wanted in France HE French Bible Society of Why No Love for Ammca T France has asked the American OLAND is sorely stricken and P Bible Society for twenty thousand needs help from American Chris- French New Testaments to be tians. The sentiment of some of shipped immediately. The explana- the people also needs to be changed.

tion is that the curiosity and interes. The following illuminating dialogue of the French people were awakened took place between a student and a by seeing that almost every Ameri- Polish native a. few years ago in a can soldier had a copy of the New village of Poland where many of the Testament. The American Society workmen had been in America:

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"How do you like America?" New Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Cairo "I hate your country." THE University of Chicago has raised funds for the support of "Hate it? And why?" a Young Men's Christian Associa- tion secretary for Cairo, Egypt. "All they want of us in America This is regarded as the best avail- able center open for work among is our muscle. I hate it." the Moslems. It is a strategic point as well as the educational center of "Ouors is a great country. We the whole Mohammedan world. This is a part of the National Stuhave the finest school system in the dent Movement for funds aggregat- ing five hundred thousand dollars world." this year for work in foreign lands. Yale, Princeton, Smith and the "That may be. I was never in University of Wisconsin already have their representatives in China. one of your schools." McGill University has a representa- tive in Ceylon and Wellesley in "My country, too, is a land of Japan. The women o(the Univers- ity of Chicago are assisting in the religion, of churches." support of a worker in Madras.

"I was never in a church in Amer- United Presbyterian.

ica." The Jews in Egypt "Why not?" SINCE the time of Abraham, Egypt has been a place of refuge "N a one a,sked me to go. I was for the Jews. There are now, ac- corsJing to the last census, 60,000 there six years." Jews in Egypt, and their influence is far in advance of their numbers. "Well, what do you think of Jewish children attend many of the mission schools, especially in lower American homes?" Egypt.

"I was never in an American In Cairo, a mission to the Jews is being carried on under the direction home. I slept in a bunk house, ate of Rev. Paul Nyland. Friends of the Nile Mission Press will be inat an eating house, and worked all terested to know that, in addition to its many other activities, it is asthe time-seven days a week, twelve sisting in work for the Jews, and furnishes a center where converts hours a day. I went to America a and inquirers meet, and classes are conducted. Educational work for strong man. I came back broken Jews is also maintained in Alexan- dria. The majority of the Jews in down in health. All your country Egypt are poor, but, as in other countries, their industry and pawants of us is our muscle. I hate tience are remarkable.

it t" The Expositor. INDIA MOSLEM LANDS New Commisslon on India New Use for Missionary Map A COM MIS S ION from the ASMALL girl clothed in a mis- o churches of Great Britain and sionary map of the world made America has gone to India to study an unusual spectacle among the war the aims and methods of missionary refugees in Persia. Dr. E. T. Allen, who has recently returned from his work in connection with the refugee camp at Baqubah describes her as follows: "Her mother had picked up somewhere a big square of cotton c!othprobably on the premises of the American Mission at Urumia, where many thousands of refugees were sheltered during the massacres, and, not knowing what it was, made out of it a dress for her child. The result was that one morning the relief workers at Baqubah were startled by the appearance "before them of. a tiny form labeled in huge black letters, 'Missionary Map of the World.' "

education in the village:; of the dustrial boarding schools. New country, and to formulate proposals style looms bought by the church for more adequate and united effort and sold to families on payments on the part of the Christian Church treble the income of many houseto meet the existing need. The holds and lift ,them quite out of the census of 1911 showed that about slough of want. And it goes witheighty-three per cent of the Indian out saying that this advancement Christian population was illiterate, of the Christian populace disseminand every week some 2,000 illiterate ates a powerful influence of amelpeople, the Bishop of Madras esti- ioration over all the life of their mates, are being "swept into the district. churches." The commission, with the Rev. A. G. Fraser of the Church The Continent. Missionary Society as its leader, Dr. Indian Students in Sympathy wlth D. J. Fleming, Mr. Mason Olcott and Christianity other members, are studying successful educational methods among THE newspapers of India are pervillage communities in those coun- forming a noteworthy part in tries in America, Japan and the shaping student opinion in India, Philippines before going to India. and student opinion has an impor- tant bearing on the political situa- C. M. S. Review. tion. The English press, edited by Indians, is read by a very small Modern Miracles proportion, even of the illiterate, of India's population; and there are DR. G. Sherwood Eddy considers only 300,000 of India's 300,000,000 the work founded ten years ago who can read and write English. at Dornakal and still conducted by This includes the entire student Bishop Azariah, the most note- population. worthy example of Christian foresight in all India. Dornakal was There seems to be great symchosen as the center for this work pathy with Christian teaching, espebecause of its apparent hopeless- cially among the educated classes. ness. Even in comparison with In- Such opposition to the Christian dia's universally depressed condi- Church as has existed has been tion, Dornakal's degradation and chiefly to it as a foreign organizamisery seemed complete. It was tion. The idea that the exclusive into this weltering distress that claims of Christ conflict with the Bishop Azariah, first native of In- things that are fine and good in dia to be admitted to the episcopacy their own Indian civilization is one of the Church of England, brought which seems to have gotten a severe the transforming Gospel. No for- hold on the educated Indian. It is eign missionary works there, no necessary to emphasize the fact that foreign contributions go into the Christ is an international figure. treasury, but here are some of the results. Personal Evangelism in India The children of these late illiter- DR. George Sherwood Eddy and ates are now receiving thorough the Rev. William J. Hutchins primary education in schools which the parents themselvel:: are main- have recently been on an evangelistaining. The economic condition of tic 'tour in India, with the special the Christian community shares the purpose of seeking, with God's help, improvement so noteworthy in mor- to vitalize and organize the Indian ality and intelligence. Wea,ving, Christian Church and so to awaken carpentry and agriculture are the it for a great forward movement occupations mainly open to the peo- that it will help to win India more ple, and each of these is taught by speedily for Christ. Each day meetmodern methods in the bishop's in- ings were held among Christians and non-ChriSitian students. In

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lucknow, 600 Indian Christians be nothing idolatrous in the prowere gathered in one union meet- ceedings, the missionary and the ing. In the evening there were lec- resident French priest consented to tures to non-Christians–Hindus, have a part in the affair, which took Moslems and Sikhs-who listened place in the temple to the god of with deep attention. war.

In Lahore, meetings were held in .The entrance was draped with Forman Christian College and sev- French, American, English and eral non-Christian students decided Chinese flags, and the whole asto follow Christ. Similar results sembly was required to make three followed in Allahabad and other bows to the flags. centers. "Then came the strange part," Important Work in Burma says the missionary, "I was asked, in the name of the whole assembly, MORE than 15,000 converts have ,to offer prayer with thanksgiving been baptized on the Kentung to God for the termination of the field in Burma and across the bor- war and the prospect of peace. der in China during the past four- And there, in that great heathen teen years. The. story of Ainan, temple I stood, with the officials and a Buddhist priest, typifies the influ- soldiers and influential men of the ence that an individual life may country, and our backs to the idols, exert. This priest was an opium under the clear, open sky, and victim and later joined a robber prayed to God of Heaven, and gave band, engaging in many raids across Him thanks for His great mercy _to the border. At the time of the us and all the nations-and there Lahu movement in Kengtung, when was a great silence during the an entire village was transformed prayer." by the Gospel, he came to the mission, broke away from the opium Chinese Laborers Home Again habit after a ten days' struggle, and became a sincere Christian. As a WHEN the Chinese laborers re- Gospel preacher he has shown re- turn from France, they are markable power, having won at greeted by friends and strangers with least 500 souls for Christ in his a perfect volley of questions. A evangelistic work. He speaks flu- Y. M. C. A. secretary reports a ently the four most important lan- conversation with a group of these guages on the Kengtung field. The men as follows: church ov~r which he has been pastor for nine years has a member- I asked how their health was, as ship of 175, and is most efficient is polite, then asked if they had a along all lines of Christian activi- Y "Over There." They replied alties. most in unison, "Yu," meaning "have," or, in this case, "Yes." In one of these districts, a visit- "What did they do in the Y. M. ing mIssionary was welcomed with C. A."? I asked. "Oh, bing gar" (bisthe words: "If we have any cus- cuits), "yen giang" (lectures), "yang tom not in harmony with Christian hsi" (phonograph), "kan shu" (readteaching, point it out and we will dis- ing classes), "cha ging" Bible study.) card it." "How was it?" I asked. "Hen hao" (excellent), they.replied. CHINA Recognizing the importance of Celebrating Peace In China crystallizing the efforts put forth for these men in France, the Y. M. C. A. AM1SSIONARY in Western China are working along four lines: first, studying the villages and counties – describes in The Life of Faith, from which the men have gone to how the end of the war was cele- France; second, employing a suffi- .brated in his province. After being cient staff to accompany the men to assured in advance that there would

their home towns; third, establishing A ~l1~slc'" ,'Y Invited to Lhasa R. Stephen J. Corey, of the Mis- M recreation and lecture centers along sion Board of the Christian the railroad and fourth, planning for church oversight of the men as soon Disciples, tells a remarkable story of as they reach their homes. a missionary physician, Dr. A. L. Foreign Mail. Shelton, who has been working for Christian Integrity In China many years in Batang, in the west- ern confines of China, near Tibet. TWO men in South China stand He has used every opportunity to out as notable examples of gain favor with the Tibetans who Y. M. C. A. accomplishment in devel- came into his region, treating their oping Christian character. One is wounds and illnesses at his hospital the ex-civil governor, Chu Ching in Batang. His chance came after a Lang, who officiated at the opening of the Y. M. C. A. building. He battle between Tibetans and Chinese.

was offered a bribe of $500,000 if he He went with helpers out on the bat- would give his consent to a harmful tleground, took care of the wounded, movement, but absolutely refused to stayed by them and dressed their touch a penny of the money and wounds, and, best of all, intervened sternly opposed with all his influence or acted as mediator and brought those who were promoting the peace between the fighting factions.

scheme. The other was Mr. Tse Kei The Tibetan general reported his Uen, a Congregational minister, who acts when he returned to Lhasa, and since the revolution has been the presently Dr. Shelton received an president of the provincial assembly. invitation to come and practice medi- He used all his power to prevent the cine in Lhasa. He has accepted, and passage of the bill creating the started the work which will probably gambling monopoly. When it was open all Tibet to the missionary.

passed in spite of him he immediately The Christian Express.

resigned his office, stating to the as- sembly that he refused to act any JAPAN-CHOSEN longer as chairman of a body of men A CaD to Three Rellglons M who would be guilty of such a crime. R. Tokonami, Japanese Minister Keeping TaUy with Conscience of Home Affairs, has revived the project of uniting Shintoists, THE story is told of a Confucian Buddhists and Christians in a na- in Honan who was accustomed tional scheme. His recommendations to the governors of prefectures are to check up his conscience thus: He had three bags in a row,-the briefly: (1) To nourish a healthy right one with black beans in it, the spirit of nationality; (2) to develop left with yellow beans and the other public spirit and a spirit of sel (- empty. When he did something his sacrifice; (3) to encourage the nation conscience rebuked him for he put a to educate itself that it may be re- black bean in the empty bag and a newed in accordance with the general yellow one when he did some spe- tendency of the world; (4) to cause cially good act. At the end of each people to live in harmony and co- month he counted the beans in the operation j (5) to foster habits of center bag and if the .black pre- diligence and thrift.

dominated he set about doing acts of Such movements show that many merit such as buying live fish and people are realizing that the one setting them free until he telt he had great power to meet the problems of evened things up. Then he went on the present day is religion. It is for again with the tally. This was be- the ambassadors of Christ to show fore he became a Christian. Japan that not only spiritual prob- Record of Christian Work. lems, but matters of practical politics

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

find their solution in allegiance to "You do well to spread the Gospel, Christ. the Catholic printing presses only produce miserable little pamphlets C. M. S. Review. about this or that saint, and only propagate stupidities and supersti- Opium Ordinance lor Korea t~ons." THE recent Opium Ordinance for Korea amounts to a Japanese Jewish families bought copies of government monopoly. It is esti- the Pentateuch and Psalms, but remated that Japan does not use more fused the Books of the Prophets. than 30,000 or 40,000 ounces of Some Moslem fanatics were encounopiu!TI a year, yet official trade re- tered; one was not content with turns show that in 1915 she imported merely tearing the copy of the Bible 358,543 ounces, in 1916, 558,812 he had received, but burned it in the ounces and in 1917, 600,229 ounces. presence of the missionaries. But in The Edinburgh Anti-Opium Society spite of all opposition, all the books published the statement that in one were sold, and more could have been year Japan furnished 18 tons of this disposed of. The trip occupied two pernicious drug to the Chinese peo- months, covered a distance of over ple, and the statement has not been 2,300 kilometers and resulted in the challenged. It is now claimed that sale of 3,000 copies of the Scripthe importation has greatly decreased, tures. but on the other hand, cultivation of the poppy has increased. Hundreds President-Elect 01 Liberia of poppy fields are seen in Korea. THE newly elected President of In the new ordinance for Korea, Liberia, Mr. C. B. D. King and Art. IV provides that if the opium brought in by farmers does not con- his wife, have been in America as the tain the standard amount of morphia, guest of the United States Governit shall be destroyed without pay- ment. Mr. King will be inaugurated ment. Many of the new regulations on the first of January next. He are put into the hands of the drug was educated in the College of Limen and the police, the chief offend- beria, and was elected President ers in the past. while in Paris as Commissioner from Liberia to the Peace Conference. AFRICA His father was a native African.

Evangelistic Tour in North Africa The policy of the United States to- ward Liberia, and the appreciative I N February and March, Mr. P. attitude of that country concerning Nicolle of the North Africa Mis- this policy, signify great things for sion, and Mr. Rolland of the French the future. It is believed that the Evangelistic Mission made an evan- determination to establish a Negro gelistic tour of over 1400 miles to Republic modeled in miniature after southern Algeria. More than six the United States will be assured. months were spent in preparation The churches of the United States for the trip, and it was only with which have missions in Liberia are the greatest difficulty that a stock of to be important factors in the new Gospel "munitions" large enough for day. the need could be procured. Many Southwestern Christian Advocate. towns and villages visited were without a single witness for the Gospel Giving Out 01 Poverty of Christ. "THE African native is poor be- This colportage trip was full of yond words to describe," writes encouraging incident. A young priest who had come in contact with Prot- Methodist missionary John R. Gates, estantism while serving in the East- of Umtali, Rhodesia. "No house but ern Campaign said to Mr. Rolland: a mud hut. No furniture but a reed mat. No dishes but clay pots. No

clothing but. a goat's hide. No food ful office building known as the "Misbut cornmeal porridge. No machines. sion Memorial," a Ford car for each No implements. Yet he gives to the field secretary, substantial churches work of the Master. At the out- and Sunday-schools financed by station he builds the church, the Christian business men-these are school house, the pastor-teacher's some features of the work. The dehouse and kitchen, and a house for scendants of the early missionaries, the missionary to live in when he who date back to 1820, have formed visits the place. He gives of what an association which now numbers money he can earn. He gives grain nearly a thousand-most of whom or anything else he may possess. In a recent offering one native brought are greatly interested in missionary a good helmet that he had bought work.

with his hard-earned money, and which was the pride of his life." The Western Pacific Missionary Conference for South Afrl,ca THE conference of the Australian Board of Missions, together with AMEETING of the Sub-Commit- tee of the Executive of the Gen- the quarterly meeting of the board, eral Missionary Conference of South which has recently been held in Syd- Africa was held in St. Andrew's ney, is likely to rank as one of the Hall, King William's Town, on July most important in the history of the 11th, 1919. A General Missionary Australian Board of Missions. The Conference for South Africa was Board of Missions has now definitely recommended to be held in 1921. planned to increase its missionary ac- tivities amongst the islands of the It was resolved to ask the Trans- Western Pacific. Efforts will be vaal Missionary Association, the made to secure cooperation between Transkei Missionary Association, and the Church in Australia and the the Natal Missionary Association Church in New Zealand in the task each to appoint a Commission to pre- of evangelizing the native races of pare a report for the General Mis- the Western Pacific. sionary Conference on Social. Eco- Among the many resolutions nomic and Legislative questions af- passed by the Board of Missions the following will be of general interfecting the progress of Christianity est: and civilization among the natives within their bounds. Each of these "That the New Hebrides should be Commissions is to be advised to con- under British control, and that the fer with native ministers or other na- appeal made by the Presbyterian Astives versed in the subjects under dis- sembly towards this end should be cussion. reenforced.

The Christian Express. "That the dioceses in the Church of England in the Western Pacific ISLAND OF THE PACIFIC should be immediately increased, and Modern Methods In HawaU with the cooperation of New Zea- THE Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- land, steps should be taken to this ciation is doing successful mis- end. sion work among the Hawaiians, "That the Australian Board of Filipinos, Chinese and Japanese in Missions appeals for a thank-offer- the islands. It is responsible for ing of £30,000 to be used primarily scores of Sunday-schools ar;d to help the Church in Australia to churches and the efficiency of the or- rise to its increasing and pressing re- ganization is worthy of emulation by sponsibilities in the Western Pacific all similar agencies. Modem meth- at this momentous and critical time."

ods cf office administration, a heauti- Australian Christian World. De si•r e Duty So often they are opposed. Perhaps they seem irreconcilable- You want to help the splendid BUT You have your wife-perhaps work of Missions; you want a dependent relative–to proyour money to serve humanity vide for. If you devote your by advancing the Kingdom of 'IIOney to the Church, who God- will ful611 this obligation?

Stop worrying-your problem has been solvedI Desire and Duty go hand in hand in Life Annuity Bonds By investing in these bonds a steady income for life, without care or worry, is guaranteed to you and your loved ones. Your money is protected from inexperienced management and unwise speculation. After the death of the beneficiary it will be used for the great work of Kingdom Extension by both the Board of Foreign Missions and the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension.

For complete details of the plan address: George M. Fowles. Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York city. or W. J. Elliott. Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Plf"a.s~ mention TH:t MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adver'l'lsers Nine Reasons for Home Missions First is the Immigrant. We call him the great Amencan Problem. Who knows but that he is the great American hope~ Open the door of opportunity. that he may learn the ways of Democracy and the Kingdom.

Second is the American Farmer. In a thousand neighborhoods. old and new' you find him at his work. striving to build up Christian communities wherein the church. securely planted. holds up the Way of Truth and unites all' men in worship and service.

Third is the Southern Mountaineer. For a century he has been shut off from the march of progress. Now the great War has opened up the 'World to him. All that he needs is opportunity and leadership.

Fourth is the Mexican. He does not love us and we do not love him. But he is here. If he remains what will we do with him? And if he returns what lessons will he take back with him?

Fifth is the American Indian. .Thousandsof his people have not yet heard our Gospel. Is it our will that the First American should be the Last Christian?

Sixth is the Latin-American. He is our friendly neighbor. bound to us by many ties. We have taught him the value of the free church and school. and through them ideals of Democracy. He still needs our leadership, our help, and our Gospel.

Seventh is the Alaskan. There is an empire in the making. Our missionaries first brought)lim .themessage of Christianjty.. There is yet much land here to be possessed.

Eighth is the Lumber Jack. In the vast forests he is at work, shut in to a hard lonely life, shut out from the comforts and safety of home. Only our missionaries have come to him with the Word of Life.

Ninth is the Pioneer. Wherever the frontier is, there is he. on the edge of the unexplored. his face to the West. Into the vast. imperial stretches of the hinter-land he presses on. planting his home and blazing the trail for the civilization that will follow. Where he goes, our missionary must go that the new land may be truly the Promised Land of the Kingdom.

To win all these to Christ and thus to make America Christian for the friendly service of the world is the task of Home Missions.

Presbyterian Board of Home Missions 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention Tale :r.t:JSSIONAllY REvn:w OB 'I'Hlt: WO'Rl.D in writina tn .11.,….;…..,.;. Motion Pictures for the Church The General or Individual Problems are Solved by the AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION 69-71-West 90th Street, New York, N. Y.

Pr'lid8llt, AileD S. Willi.qt" Director Rep- The American Educationf!.1 Motion Picture Association tile Study Society twenty-two yean, provides an organiiation' for concerteil.. effective work by lecturer and wri~pr, ethnic, anthropo- all who appreciate the value of the educational and relig- logical a.nd zoological subjects. ious motion picture as well as of clean. moral dramatic and comedy productions' for amusement and entertainment Vice-Pre.ident, George_ J. Z.hrual, Director and mind relaxation–with particular a.ttention to the in- fluence of the moving picture upon the child mind. ~~!:rY~!D~M~~~s ~i~~~i:~ ~~~ci~ tio~. . It is a Bureau of Information and of Aid to advance this work in every essential manner. Vice-Preaident Marlaret l. McDonald, Edi- tor, Educational DepartmeZ!t, HMov_ It is to strongly advocate. and materially aid. the installa- ing Picture World.n tion of the motion picture projection machine in the Class room and the Church for entertainment and instruction Vice-Pre.ident, T. Gilbert Pear••n, Secretary and in the Club. the Community Center. the Settlement and similar institution~. National Association ot Audubon So- Further. itis to develop means of supplying these machines cieties. with the necessary -and proper pictures.

Eneutiv. Secretary. A. D. V. Storey. Supply and distribution must be created and advanced if any progress is to be made i'n the Educational and Re- ADVISORY COUNCIL- ligious fields. and this work must be done by different minds than those now directing production and distribu- Edward W. Stitt. Chairman Visual Instruc- tion in the theatrical motion picture industry. tion Committee. National Educaional Associatien. MEMBERSHIPS, CONTRIBUTIONS OR DONA. TIONS REQUESTED. H. H. CasselmaD, Graphic Department In- FILM FOUNDATIONS MAY BE ENDOWED, pre>- terchurch World Movement. . ducing desired Motion Pictures For the Religious or Edu- cational Fields. G. Clyde Fisher, Associate Director, De– partment of Public Education, Ameri· CAPITAL INVESTMENTS. Opportunities already exist for profitable investments in the field of Religious and can Museum of Natural History. Educational Motion Pictures. Information upon re~uest.

Robert C. Deming. Director, Department "The Christian Herald" September 27, 1919.-lf it of Americanization, Connecticut State is possible for mor.ey 10 lalk in religious mailers as it does in Board of Education. malerial affairs, we are verging on unprecedenled forwardness of big mocemenls i" Ihe Church. If Ihe Church h3S discovered any C. ~~n~Di;isi:nc~fr~d~~a~~:alPE~~~~: grealer medium Ihan Ihe "Mo?ie" screen for Ihe hoped·for sion. United States Bureau of Educa~ spreading of Ihe Chrisl message, Ihe Church has yet 10 make tion. known Ihal medium.

Dolph Eastman, Editor. ~'BducRtion81 Film , Magazine."

Joseph Hopp, Chairman. Committee on Motion Picture:!! Chicago Board of Education.

Howard R. Garis. Author… Uncle Wiggily Bedtime Stories,"

Mrs. William Einstein, President, New York State Association of Child Welfare Boards. Lloyd Van Doren. Chetnical D~partmen~ Johns Hopkins University.

J. P. Brand. Managing Editor. — Reel and Slide Magazine."

Dr. Maximilian P. E. Groszmann. Founder and Educational Director. National Association for the Study and Educa- tion of Exceptional Children.

MEMBERSHIPS Founder …………….$1 ,000 or more Patron ……………………..$500.00 Life Mernber……………… $100.00 Member…………… $10.00 per year Associate Member…..$1.00 per year Please mention TJI. MISSIONAllY Rl:VlIW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers The American Baptist Home Mission Society HAS ORGANIZED WORK IN Homes Schools Churches PROVIDES A DYNAMIC PROGRAM FOR CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION Among ALIENS, INDIANS, NEGROES, and Sows the Seed of CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY IN CUBA, PORTO RICO, MEXICO and CENTRAL AMERICA For information concerning any of the above or in regard to Will., Legacies and Annuities, write to CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary 23 East 26th Street New York, N. Y.

Old Bi hi es Re-Bound Haven't you often wanted that old Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all its associations and sentiment? You have wondered where you could have the work done, and perhaps you have thought the price would be high.

You can have your Bibles and Hymn Books re-bound inexpensively and well-leather or cloth. as you prefer.

Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-I will send you an estimate of the cost subject to your approval be- fore the work is done. If this estimate is not satisfactory, I will return your Bible without charge.

R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THF: MISSIONARY Rltvntw OF 'I'Ht WORLD in writing to advertiser.

XIII

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Systematic, Prayerful Bible Study gives that knowledge of God and man without which real success in life is never attainable. It gives uplift, inspir- We Offer These ation, refre;hment, strength, courage, wisdom, breadth of Eight Courses vision, spiritual enthusiasm, and power with God and man. Synthetic Blbl. Study Don't allow any seallon to cheat you of your wonder- -a fasclnatinfl( study of ful privilege of lIystematically studying the one Book the contents of the whole which outweighs in value all other books in all the Bible. "reaUy in a class by Itself." world. Dig In it all for gold and you will secure treasure of value and extent beyond any calculation. Practical Christian Work Start at once by enrolling for a -for BOul winners and w 0 r k e r s in exceptional forms of Christian service.

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:=!'fa~~e:az~i.d:~!)S;:::::~ l~o':h.)·p"!kt~.' ~::~ N (IDle _________________________________________• that now 1 und.~tand."

The Moody Bible Institute Addre.s__________________________________• ____.. – – — —— — – – ….— – ——— ———–……-. ,——————- —'———————- DepL5788, 153 Institute Place,Chicago, Ill. ….. Pl~a8e mention THE: MISSIONARY RIWU;W OF 1'H. WORt.D in writing to advertisers the mark THE MISSIONARY UBRARY of a book written to World Facts and America's Responsi- meet a need bility. By Rev. C. H. Patton, D. D. 12mo. 236 pp. $1.00. Association THERE IS a growing feeling Press. New York, 1919 that the books of Association Americans are joyously antici- Press ·are books published "for me"-that they really pating new opportunities for trade; are "Books with Purpose, the nation is seriously considering written to meet a need." the new international relationships that result from the war; the Have you these NEW books? Church and the State are studying the remedy for industrial and so- Marks of a World Christian cial evils at home-will American Christians see and accept their D. J. Fleming (Cloth $ .75) responsibility ~Qr giving the Mes- sage of Christ to all the 'Yorld? That One Face (Cloth $1.25) Dr. Patton is hopeful. He be- Richard Roberta lieves that the next few decades will show a rapid spread of the Inter~ention in Mexico Christian religion, and that Ameri- ca and Great Britain are called of S. G. Inman (Paper Boards $1.50) God to lead off in the movement to make Christ supreme in the Democratic Movement in Asia world's affairs. To impress upon' thoughtful Americans their re- Tyler Dennett (Cloth $1.50) (sponsibility, ten facts are present- ed in ten chapters, namely: The Roger Allier (Paper Boards $1.25) Renaissance of Asia, The Decad- ence of Non-Christian Religions, His Parents The Extension of Christianity, The Fight of East and West for Religious Experience of Israel a Common Cause, the Desir:e of the East for America's . Help, William J. Hutchins (Cloth $1.90) The Breaking of American Isola- tion, The Fellowship of Amer- Hearth and Altar (Cloth $1.25) ica and Great Britain, The Growth of World Democracy, The Rise of O. L. JOlleph New Idealism, and The Girding of the Church for Her Great Task. Between Two Worlds These general statements are well supported by concrete facts that JD.hn Heston Willey (Cloth $1.25) make the volume an excellent basis for study and discussion and. for Ask your bookstore the development of new and longer or write to us programs.

ASSOCIATION PRESS "The World's Social Evil." By WiJliam Burgess. $1.00 net. The Illinois 347 Madison Avenue, New York Vigilance Association, 5 North La Salle St. Chicago, 1919. This unpleasant subject is one with which it is absolutely neces- sary for Christian workers both at home and abroad to deal with can- dor and with courage. When vice is ignored it thrives and multiplies in a ruinous way. The time has come when Christians must fight this evil with all their might. .This Continued on page xv Pleue mention THll 1416&IOHAllY R,iVrlw 01' TH'l WOXI.D in writing to advertisers· MISSlr,iIARY LIBRARY The Contihued from page xiv book is written b>y a high mind,~d Underwood-Dixon Christian, a master of the Gospel, and the Direct.)r of the Illinois AMERICANIZATION SERIES Vigilance Association, who has devoted years of painstaking labor Teaches patriotic citizenship and love of counand study to the subject. It gives try; but that country must be a free country; an invaluable historic review and a country where law and order reign supreme; study of related problems, the ef- a country where, because of its adherence to forts that are being made in var- justice according to law, the saJety and ious lands to combat the evil, and happiness of its citizens are made secure, and the steps that should be taken to every individual has the opportunity of win the victory. Dr. Graham Tay- developing the best that is in him, without lor of the Chicago Theological regard to race, color or social standing. Seminary says in the Foreword that "the total effect of the cum- It must be a country where anarchy, mobulative facts and force of this law, and the designing few are unknown, volume IS to dignify the war because Justice-the supreme end of all against vice as worthy of the .government-is administered with exactness, world's united effort, and as a according to just and equitable laws, enacted chivalric appeal to ~ach one's by the people and carried into execution by knight errantry." them, or tbeir representatives, in a lawlul way. Japan at First Hand. By Joseph 1. C. Clark. Illustrated. 8vo. 482 It must be a country, the government of pp. $2.50 net. Dodd, Mead & which is a representative democracy, resting Co. 1919. primarily upon the will of the whole people, There is .a large amount of ma- constitutionally enacted, and lawfully exe- cuted. terial in this profusely illustrat"d book of facts and impressions. Mr. Our Clark is not an authority on Japan and the Japanese, but a traveler who Americanization Course visited the east and writes with much self-confidence on what he Visualizing United States History saw and thought he saw. The book has literary merit and touches on covers the six most important periods in the all sorts of subjects-farming, fishing, silk and tea culture, education, Evolution of Freedom sports, horticulture, religion, theaters, fine arts, journalism, politics, Make your bookings now. business, antiques and war. If he does not know more of these sub- 6 sets of 50 beautlfullycolored slides jects than he does o.f Christian mis- each, one rental, With manuscript $5.00 sions, his ignorance is extensive, and yet he writes with great assurance SelUng price complete with manuconcerning both geishas and missionaries. To the former he devotes a script, per set $75.00 chapter, to the latter a few lines; and his estimate of the geisha's charac- Lecture Sets for Sale ter is much more flattering than his reference to ~he missionary. He We must make room for the constantly knows neither of them. growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of complete lecture sets at Mr. Clark saw Japan under J apan- a discount, ranging from 25 to 75 per centese guidance and naturally saw at a price les~ than cost. Send for particuthings from a Japanese viewpoint. lars. Price list in preparation. Korea .he considers a "model of Special Overstock Offer Send for particulars of our special over- stock dearanre offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25, 50 and 100 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD Dept. "MR"

417 Fifth Ave., New York City .Continued on page xvi Pleue mentioD TIlII IIPIJIIBJOlfAllY RllnJCW O. I'll. WOUoD in writl", to adnrtisen MISSIONARY LIBRARY CHRISTIANIZATION Continued from page xv OF THE IMMIGRANT IS colonial uplift." His observations NECESSARY TO may be "first hand," but his facts are second hand and his one or tWD AMERICANIZATION statements in regard to Christian missions show a lack of sympathy Itinerant and a lack of information. "Chris- Evangelism tianity," he says, "has made litt].. progress." For reliable first hancl is the method used most effect- information on the many subject~ ively in GIVING THE the author essays to treat we must look elsewhere. GOSPEL MESSAGE TO The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By FOREIGN-BORN CITIZENS. Myriam Harry. 8vo. 289 pp. $1.90 E. P. Dutton & Co. New' York, 1919. Myriam Harry, an unusual girl, born in Jerusalem, has told her story in the form of a novel. She was the daughter of a converted Jew and an ex-deaconess, and depicts her life and thoughts· with vividness and power, but without definite purpose.

THIRTY MISSIONARY Morocco After Twenty-five Years. By COLPORTEURS, reading and Robert Kerr. 8vo. 364 pp. lOs. 6d. speaking the languages of nearly Murray and Evenden. London, 1912. . all the European peoples, are doing personal work in their The very captivating and iIluminat- homes, besides conducting ing story of the late Dr. Kerr's med- mISSIOns, orgamzlllg Sunday- ical missionary work in Morocco. He schools and classes for Bible knew and loved the Moors and was study, distributing Bibles and loved and honored by them. other Christian literature. Unfoldings in Romans-A Simple Ex- An immediate increase in our position of Chapters 1-8. By Robert force of itinerant evangelists is Thompson. 138 pp. Morgan and Scott urgently necessary. London, 1919.

For further particulars write This practical study of the episto tle does not seek to displace more erudite and bulky commentaries, The Missionary Department but is designed to furnish the lay Presbyterian Board of Publication and Bible class teacher and Gospel worker with a better understand- Sabbath-School Work ing of the apostle's message. In- stead of referring constantly to the Witheupoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. opinions of scholars, the epistle is interpreted by parallel passages, and thus the Bible is made to throw light on itself. Frequent outlines and summaries of. the ar- gument help to make the exposi- tion pointed, and more easily re- membered. One leaves these un- foldings with the wish that the au- thor had finished the epistle.

Please mention TH:l MISSIONAlty Rxvn:w o-g "H,JC WonD in_writing. to advertisers The Hymnal for American Youth Edited by H. AUGUSTINE SMITH A BOOK OF THE NEW ERA ~Ol Hymns and Tunes. One-fourth of the hymns bear on the new world order.

23 on Conflict and Heroism 19 on Missions and World Peace 14 on Human Service and Brotherhood 15 on Church and Religious Education 14 on Freedom and Justice 12 on Love and Loyalty 20 on Patriotism and Democracy 12 on Purity and Self-Control Strong sections devoted to Easter. ~ife !,nd Ministry.of Ohrist, ~ature. Patdotfsm. Civic Righteousness. Democracy and World Peace. A nch liturglCa.1 sectlpn, contatnlDg many shorter forms lor all services. bUilt on the pril. iple of graded worship. The mecha.J.ca.l fea.tures a.re 80S nea.rly perfect as it is possible to make them. Price $60 per hundred. Transportation additional.

FOR THE The American Hymnal CHURCH SERVICE Edited by W. J. DAWSON, D. D.

Excels ..II others hefore the Church in well-rounded section., especially on the Fatherhood of God, the Life or Christ, Brotherhood and Social Service.

The American Hymnal w..~~!·;n'r;)~oo:uo!:..~~~rc~r~;::p:~:~~~l~:£lt~~:~em"l meetings.

726 Hymns, Chants and Responses, Origina ICommunion and Baptismal Services.

Send for returnable copies before buying a neW Hymn Book.

THE CENTURY CO., 353 Fourth Aver,ue, New York City Did You Ever See a American Motherhood BLIND BIBLE? For Every Home in the Land We have Bibles for the blind, also in 5J Ian Recognized Authority Oft guages. Some immi- grant, soldier, sailor, or The MOTHER poor person is waiting The CHILD and for a Bible. Will you The HOME supply it? $1.25 per Year Send your donation .today. With Mfuionuy Ravlew, $3.15 Every kind of Bible for sale; Oxtord, THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at eo.p..town. N. Y. SPECIAL DISCOUNTS.

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Free Literature NEW .YORK. BIBLE SOCIETY 675 Macli_ A.,.. . NEW fORK (1l0th year) THE PHILOSOPHY OF WORLD UPLIFT "[f [ could find somewhere in space a fulcrum. and had a lelJer long enough. I could /ift the world.-An Old Philosopher.

The Discovery of America furnished world-leverage as in the United the FULCRUM. States. To make America Christian is the The LEVER.is found in the utter- true philosophy of World Uplift. ance of Christ-"And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw The Home Mission enterprise, with all men unto me." Bible and Cross, is the hand of God to this end. Only the power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ can lift this world to He who speedily does most to extend the God – designed moral and the Gospel in America does most spiritual heights. to secure for America the' great- est and surest leverage for the Past and current events show that no place has the Gospel so great spiritual uplift of the world.

HELP HOME MISSIONS'

Adjust the Fulcrum. Use the Lever. Lift the World THE BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, R. A. HUTCHISON, Cor. Sec'y, 209 Ninth Street. Pittsburgh. Pa.

Please mention 'PH. MISSIOlfAlty bVliw 0" 'l'U. WOJU.D in writin& to advertisen

Composition of Coca-Cola

and its Relation to Tea ""'j Prompted by the desire that the public shall be thoroughly informed as to the composition and dietetic character of Coca~Cola, the Company has issued a booklet giving a detaiIed;auaIysis'of its recipe which is as follows: '

Water, .terilind loy boiling {car6onateJ}; _gar, granUlated; fir.t quality; fruit flavoring emact. with caramel; acid fla_ing_", citric (lemon) and phosphoric; ••••ne. 01 t.a-th. r.fre.hing principle.

The following analysis, by the late Dr. John W. Mallet, Fellow of the Royal Socjety and for nearly forty years Professor of Chemistry in the University of Virginia, shows the comparative stimulating or refreshing strength of tea and Coca-Cola, measured in terms of the refreshing principle: Black tea-I cuplul. …… '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. 1.54 (lot) (5/1. oz.) Green tea-I gla../ul…………………………………….. Z.OZ (8 ft. D& e:a:c:lu.siu 0/ ice) (cold) Coca-Cola-I drink, B R. oz. ……..•……………………•… I.ZI (fountain) (propared ,.ith 1 /I. 0 •• Surup) Coca-Cola-l drink, B R.oz, ………………………………. 1.IZ (poepared ",aA 1 /I. 0 •• Surup) (bota",.) an From the above recipe and analysis, which are confumed by chemists who have analyzed these beverages, it is apparent that Coca-Cola is a carbonated, fruit-flavored modification of tea of a little more than one-haH its stimulating strength.

A copy of the booklet referred to above will be mailed free on request, and the Coca-Cola Company especially invites inquiry from those who are interested in pure food and public health propaganda. Address The Coca-Cola Co., Dept. J., Atlanta, Ga., U. S. A.

Your Heroes

81YUt NO. tI. . SID: JOXAZ 1_81 SURELY you; will honor permanently thoae brave lads who went from your i Church or Sunday . School to help de- fend our country in the most stupend- ous of all wars and , you have been won· i dering how to most appropriately re- place your tempor- ary service flag..

The finest testi- monial that you could erectis an ex- quisite has reliefde- sign of indestruc- tible Liberty, Bronze which faithfully repro- duces the sculptor's hest workmanship and is in tnie ac~ . cord with recog- nized fineart stand- ards.

We make many handsome designs, each tablet being individually made tocontain the prop- er number ,of hon- or names, also an inscription of your own choosinl.

"Liberty Bronze" Honor Te8timonials, in addition to being best for the purpose. cost less than other bas reliefs of inferior appearance.

Write for iUustrated Catalog No. 17 A, stating number of stars in service flag and character of organ- Ization contemplating erection of testimonial tablet.

Liberty Bronze Works General Offices: 112 W. 40th St. 'New York UKNOWN FROM COAST TO COAST"

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1919

XLII NUMBER

JUNE, i919 THE VALUE OF INOUSTRIAL TRAINING J. DU PLESSIS MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA JOHN M. SPRINGER THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA SIR HARRY JOHNSTONE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO'

SAMUEL .GUY INMAN SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION'

CHARLES A. BROOKS $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy

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By simply piaQng a, small quantity'of incense in the burner and applying a match, it will immediately smolder and diffuse a dreamy fragrance most pleasing to the senses. When burned in reception hall, its perfume will pervade the upper rooms, purifying the air by absorbing and dispensing aU odors, and•. when burned Ilear clo~hes closet pr press, will. impart a most pleasing perfume to all clothing contained therein. Write for sample or Send $1, (monel' order, check or registered cur- rene1,) and by return mail we wiD forward, prepaid, the set illustrated, which includes burner, package of our famous incense and complete instrudions for ,uaing. (Incense onb. miedium lize. SOc.; large lize, 90c.) Specify H 1002. Money refunded if not latidactory.

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HARTFORD ~orbon jiible (!College W. Douglas Mackenzie President SCHOOLOFTBEOLOGY 'Theological Seminary SCHOOL OF MISSIONS – Dean, M. W. Jacobus THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Religious-Educational College School of Religious Pedagogy course of 4 years. Graduate School Dean, E. H. Knight of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Kennedy School of Missions legiate and advanced degrees. Two • year collegiate training course. In- Secretary, E. W. Capen terdenominational. A power-house Through these associated schools Hartford of evangelistic spirit, a School of -offers full training for: Prayer, with university standards I. The Clu"lstiu miDistry. of scholarship. N otahle faculty and 2. The whale field of religions edncation. 3. The foru'gn field. student body. New and beautiful fireproof buildings, with dormi- Each school has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together tories. Organized religious work. they form one interdenominational ins!i!Dtion Self-support. For catalog and corwith the unity of common aim and SPlnt. ; respondence, address NATHAN R. WOOD, President Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass..

Please mention TH:E: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE; WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJiior.

CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1919 FRONTISPIECE-SCllNllS IN 'I'Hll KORllAN INDllPllNDllNCll MOVEMllN'l'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • 401 THll LllAGuJt OJ! NA'l'IONS THll LItAGUit OJ! DENOMINA'l'IONS STRUGGLJt YOR LIBllR'l'Y IN KORllA SHALL CHRlS'l'IANS IN'l'1lRVJtNJt IN RUSSIA?

JESUS CHRIST ALL IN ALL. A Bible Study . . By SAMUEL M. ZWllMllR 409 THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS By J. DU PUSSI! 411 An illuminating paper giving reasons for emphasis on industrial training among primitive peoples. Illustrated with photographs.

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA . By JOHN M. SPRINGllR 421 The great need and opportunity in the mineral fields of South Africa, a place where men are ruined or rescued. Illustrated with photographs.

PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA . . By SIR HARRY JOHNS'l'ONit 426 The former governor of British East Africa, an authority on the subject, shows the effect of alcohol on the native races of Africa and the steps toward prohibition.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO. By SAMUllL GUY INMAN 431 A full account of the new program whereby the territory in Mexico is to be divided for missionary work among variof'-S denominations. With map.

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA By JAMES DllXTllR TAYLOR 439 The far reaching effects of the defeat of Germany are clearly shown in re- lation to missions in German colonies.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION By CHARLES A. BROOKS 447 One of the secretaries of the Baptist Home Mission Society shows the in- creased responsibility of the Church in view of the large industrial centers that have developed during the past few years.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 453 WORKING BY PROXY WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMllR 459 CHRISTIAN LI'l'llRA'l'URll YOR MISSION FIllLDS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • 464 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 479 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 1S6 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItR~ E. Spl!JlR, President D1lLJtVAN L. PIltRSON, Secretory FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAL'l'llR McDOUGALL, Treasurer NATIONAL PROSPERITY DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN BRINGS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missions, devotes 11 chapters in Some VI CP""U"R"'PWOISTEH' With his new book NEW Books Fresh The Mastery of the Far East Statements to the place of Christian missions among the rcconstructh e forces in the Far East, pur- The Business Man tkul'lrly in Korea. He also discusses briland His "Overflow" {81Ml1~ liantly tJ,e political, economic and social phases of the F8.r Eastern situation. WIUIAM E. SWEET MAN 671 pp., map, illustrated, $6.00 A successful business man's prc:o;cnta- APilgrim In Palestine tion of how t.o spend the mur:;in of ono's By JOHN FINLEY =:i:c f~~ :~~rJYp~~r~~,.ivitieCJo;hI,I~J! CommiS8ioner of Education of the Slate of New York Christianity's Unifying Fundamental THOUGHT~1;~ Dr. Finley, long a close student of the HENRY F. WARING LAYMEN Holy r.and, was an ideal choice for Red Cross Comrrissioner to Palestine. He de.cribes Deven)s the realil.y of Christ-and points bere !-is night on the Mount of Olives, h;s journeys on foot from Beersheba to Dan, from the way to the acceptance of that real- Jaffa to Jericho and in many of the "byity in the fullest measure. Clolh~ $l,Z5 paths" to historic places. Illustrated, $2.00 Hearth and Altar FOR THE I[~CHARLES SCRIBNERs SONS OSCAR L. JOSEPH HOME ~FlFTIl AVE.AT48~ST. NEWYORK A five minnIe family devotional sf"A'vice is huilt around a themo for each of thirteen weelu., of great value individually and sociany~ Cloth, $1.2:5 Heroes FOR BOYS HUGH A. MORAN AND PARENTS Twelve ~rentlivf'-s are studied ill n way which Jlelps a hero-Joving hoy to apply the principles of Christiunliving 10 his own life. Cloth, 7St At your Book Store or frOnl us I I lVl'ile for Folder: Ilcconslrucl ion Books ASSOCIATION PRESS YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Publication Department and International Committee, Y .11. C. A. PREACH THE GOSPEL TO 347 MADISON AVENUE – NEW YORK MOHAMMEDANS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .__ . – – – – – – – – – – – – through One of the aims of our advertising depart- The American Christian Literature ment is to be helpful to those of Society for Moslems OUR READERS (Incorporated in 191$) who are seeking infonnation about articles they wish to purchase whether found in This Society is Interdenominational our advertising columns or not. We will Committees of Missionaries Cooperate' on gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil your requirem..nts by putting you the Fields in touch with responsible business houses. .The Literature is Adapted to Moslems OUR ADVERTISERS The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively are deserving of your patronage. We be- They go where no Missionaries are allowed speak for them your consideration. They can be read in secret and rt'peatedly Business Department Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Write fOl' information as to membership, needs, sample tracts, meetings of auxiliaries, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Box 888, New York City OTHER OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pr(;sident Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vi~e President Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Rordru Dr. Frank Mason Nort.h Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fermdl P. Turner Miss Anna 1.. Dawes Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Mrs. Fillh,y J. Shepard Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GUTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY Rtvn:w ot" 'tHlC WORLD in writing to advertisers 1919 Missionary Conferences and Conventions Woman's Summer Schools of Missions JUNE 2- 7-0klahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City. 2- 7–St. Paul, Minn., Mrs. W. B. Smith, 1044 Marshall Avp., St. Paul, Minn. 2- 7-Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 19-26-Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood St., Oak Park, Ill.

26-July 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Ehnwood St., Oak Park, Ill. JULY 1- 8-Northfield, Mass. (Home Missions), Mrs. Tabor Knox, Warwick, New York.

5-12-Mt. Hennon, Cal., Mrs. H. A. Johnson, 2848 Derby St., Berkeley, Cal. 9-17-Northfield, Mass. (Foreign Missions), Miss Helen Calder, 704 Congregational House, Boston, Mass. 17-23-Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. 19-27-Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. E. C. Little, Tarkio, Mo. 2(}-26-Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Lakeside, Ohio. 3(}-Aug. 8-Wooster, Ohio, Mrs. Smith Comley, 57 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio. AUG. 1- 8-Mt. Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 9-17-New Wihnington, Pa., Miss Anna Milligan, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . 24-3O-Chautauqua, New York, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. SEPT. 21-27-DalIas, Texas, Mrs. L. P. Smith,33l9 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Tex. Dates not known-Boulder, Colo., Mrs. B. D. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver, Colo.

-Chambersberg, Pa., Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. -Denton, Tex., Mrs. F. B. Carroll, Denton, Tex. -Monmouth, III., Mrs. T. H. McMichael, Monmouth, Ill. –Sterling, Kans., Mrs. J. W. Duff, Sterling, Kans.

Interchurch World Movement Conferences (Formerly Under the Auspices of the Missionary Education Movement) JUNE 24-July 3-Blue Ridge, N. C., Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St. New York City. JULY 4-13-Silver Bay, New York, Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St., New York City.

11-2o-Estes Park, Colo., Dr. William J. Minchin, 415 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col. 15-24-Asilomar, Cal., Rev. J. C.Worley, 1I01 Wright & Callen dar Bldg., Los AngeJes, Cal. 18-27-0cean Park, Me., Rev. J. P. Broadhead, 53 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Ma5s. 25-Aug. 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Dr. Reuben L. Breed, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. 3(}-Aug. 8-Seabeck, Wash., Rev. John H. Matthj!ws, Sixth and University Sts., Seattle, Wash.

Canadian JUNE 3(}-July 7,…….Whitby, Ontano, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg. Toronto. JULY 1(}-17-Knowlton, Quebec, Rev. H. C. Priest 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

22-29-WolfviIIe, Nova Scotia, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

Miscellaneous JUNE 24-29-China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 507 Church St., Toronto.

JULY 8-13–Summer School of Missions, Oxford, Pa., Rev. C. S. Cleland, 802 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

13-2I-SOuthern Presbyterian Conference, Montreat, North Carolina, Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough, 520 Dehnar Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

16–27-United Evangelical Conference, Baltimore, Ohio, ReV. H. V. Summers, 1410 Wesley Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

2(}-26-Methodist Mis!.ionary Conference, Lakeside, Ohio. 23-Aug. 6-Southern Methodist Conference, Lake Junaluska, N. C., John W. Shack- ford, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 28-Aug. 3-Methodist Missionary Conference, Ocean Grove. N. J., Mrs. Wm. R. Blackie, 239 E. 237th St., New York City. AUG. 1(}-I4–8ummer School of Missions, Xenia, Ohio, Mrs. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio. Pr..sbyterian Young People's Conferences, Rev. Wm. Ralph Hall, Witherspoon Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. Reformed Church Conferences, Rev. John H. Poorman, 15th & Race Sts.; Philadelphia, Pa. Canadian Conferences, Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D., 299 Queen St., West, 'toronto. Christian and Missionary Alliance Conference~, Rev. R. H. Glover, M. D., 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY REVIEW o:t 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

" For my sermons, I

the large, bold type. EDITORIAL"AND BUSINESS CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" t~e .~ GERMAN MISSIONARIES IN t'f~e' 8 'ua.a.v. "to,. …. CHINA )~"~a.. oo,.,..avo~a..~oe. Some misSIOnaries in China object very strongly to the action of the Al- ~y Sund4Y School set'c8$. lies in compelling the Chinese Government to expel two hundred German "Many Typewriters In One" Protestant missionaries from the Republic. At the request of a number "l!B Would ~ou like to know wlw the of missionaries from other countries, the Government exempted these Ger- ~tlP~",,~…am.,j°;~:J.r W~ul:n man missionaries from deportation, but is now compelled to reverse the you in 'our words: decision. The churches, schools, and hospitals of these German nlissions Because of iu yer. .tlllty! aries must be closed and thousands of young Chinese Christians left unshep- The Multiplex Hammond does everyherded, unless other Protestant mis- thing any other typewriter wUl do, sionaries can assume responsibility for and Iwlid••, U yon "Just turn the the work. The Chiinese connected knob" you can change from ODe style with the German missions have beg- of $ype, or from one langcage. to anged that their pastors might remain, other. Note the ahove speclmeu but their appeals have been unavail- (slightly redueed) all Vlril"" 0" IA. ing. The missionaries of Allied SAMB tnachin•• countries do not desire the enforcement of this decree, but the Allied No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. governments demand it. No matter IDh. American Motherhood you "ret what 70U For Every Home in the Land are. or whaTe you are. the Multiplex Reco,nized Authority on HammODd Is the writID g maehlne The MOTHER for YOU. Mall The CHILD and The HOME ~~e':, i~':f'::~ for $1.25 per Year Also a PORTABLE Model With MI..lonary Review, $3.15 Full capacity. Weight about 11 POUDds. Ask Cor special Colder. Mailed Cree. THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Inquire abQut apecial terms to Cooperstown, N. Y. p r o f• •s i o n a l a ____________Free Folder____________• THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Eaat 69th St •• New York City. Please send tree Folder to: Name________________________ ____________________ Ad~I OCCUpatJOD _______________ Please mention THJt. MISSIONARY R~VI~W OJ? THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers fACTS WORTH QUOTJING For the industrial training of the native some forty schools, all in receipt of government aid, have been established in connection with missionary societies in various parts of South Africa. The ag'gregate enrollment in these institutions in 1914 was 1800 pupils. (See page 420.) Civilization has overtaken the A fricon, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses and thus compelling him to labor. If he is to survive, it is clear that he must develop new methods and new habits of industry. (See page 414.) Africa, equally with the Balkans, has been the powder magazine of the world. War clouds have hung over Europe more than once because of what European govern- ments were doing in Africa. In Africa are not only the possible spoils of war, but a great opportunity for an experiment in international government. (See page 435.) The full meaning of democracy has not penetrated the mind of the pagan African, nor does he understand the ideals of the League of Nations, but the war has created a psychological atmosphere for missionary work The native is coming ·to recognize education as the basis of the white man's power, and the place where that education is accessible is the mission station. (See page 437.) Mohammedanism has suffered less and benefited more by the war than has Christianity. Christian propaganda centers in schools and mission stations, which in many in- .stances have been closed during the war; while the Mohammedan propaganda cen- tCC"S in the trader, who can qnickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. (See page 439.) The native Africa!, Church has shown the faith and endurance that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In spite of suffering and persecution, progress toward ·self-suport has been steadily made. Everywhere the native Christian has seized the opportunity of carrying the gospel to other tribes, and as a steadying influence in' the overseas labor corps, he won high praise. (See page 44l.) Each of the eight Boards cooperating in the new program for Mexico will develop an agricultural and mechanical coJlege, strategically located, all of which will be under the supervision of one general secretary, vho will coordinate these schools and endeavor to cooperate with the government and people in a solution of the land problems. (See page 43l.) Seven churches have grown alit of the Presbyterian Chnrch at Elat, West Africa, yet the present membership is over 4000. At an average communion service recently 55 babies and 225 adults were baptized, and 300 persons examined for membership. (See page 464.) A Hindu political leader of prominence reads the New Testament every day, and asserts that the best of all religions is found in the Christian faith which, he says, should be interpreted for India in the light of Hindu metaphysics, rather than Jewish. (See page 470.) A survey of Mexico in 1914 disclosed the fact one city of 35000 had three strong mis- sion normal schools, while another whole state with a million population had not a single evang'e1ica! school. The fads revealed in this survey have brought about a redistribution of territory for missionary work. (See page 431.) In 1800 eighty per cent of the people in America culti"ated the soil. Today only twenty- four per cent are farmers. There arc seventeen great cities in the United States, each of which is larger than any aile of our ten smallest states, yet our ability to create satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with this changed industrial situa- tion. (See page 447.) N at in vain have the mission schools throughout the world been sending out graduates by the thousand year by year. In India not less than a million new literates are being produced each year, and the governme!it of Japan has seen to it that the people are being taught to read. Literacy among women is growing in the Far East. Must we not send Christian literature to satisfy this thirst for knowledge? (See" page 460.)

~C7 Shall Christians Intervene in Russia?

.. . . . . . . .w '…. LI A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . ..

OUR YEW OF THE WOIUJ) Industrial Training in Missions IN THIS NUMBEI LEADINC AR11a.t.S AND mrrOlUAI::.S AU. INDICATEJ) ItT T1TLE5 THE NUMBER OF NEWS ~ ON EACH COUNTRY IIINDlCAnD BY AItABIC JlUMEltALS

VIII

THE JAPANESE GUARD IN SEOUL, KOREA 'l'hese soldiers kept streets clear arid endeavored to keep Korean shops open A KOREAN CROWD OF NON-RF,SIS'l'ING DI,MONSTRATORS Such peaceful crowds as this were beaten, bayonetted and shot by the Jap3nese SCENES IN THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL J U N E , 1 9 19 NUMBBB SIX XLII THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS I T seems incomprehensible that nineteen centuries can have passed since the coming of Christ into the world and that men have not yet learned a better way to settle disputes than by recourse to arms. The recent war, with its fabulous expenditure of life, money and other resources, has brought about a general desire on the part of civilized nations for the settlement of questions by an appeal to reason and justice rather than by an appeal to force. Militarism has been weighed in the balances and has been found wanting. It will take decades for the world to recover from the results of the recent world war.

Is right to be substituted for physical might as a basis for peace T The need is unquestioned. Disputes and disagreements are certain to arise. Nations desire to expand and to prosper commercially. Primitive peoples are unfit to- govern themselves and yet are unwilling to be under the domination of a foreign power. Some nations are still only partly civilized or have differing ethical standards so that they cannot agree among themselves or with more enlightened nations. Japan desires Korea and takes the peninsula by force rather than have it in possess,ion of her rival, Russia. She seeks Shantung and Manchuria for expansion, and plans to secure the territory,regardless of China's rights. Italy wants Fiume and the Dalmatian Coast, and withdraws from the Peace Conference to enforce her demands. Belgium is dissatisfied with the indemnity awards. Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans are still in turmoil. Egyptians, Arabians, Syrians, Indians and Africans are making their demands and threaten trouble, if they are kept in subjection to European powers. The Philippines demand independence. Ireland struggles to be free from British control. Mexico is still a hot bed of insurrection, and 401

many other states of Latin America are continually on the verge of border warfare or internal revolution. What is to be done to preserve peace ~ The League of Nations is man's answer. It is expected that this League will be adopted. by the Peace Conference .before this number reaches our subscribers, and that it will be adopted by the Allied nations soon afterward. The Covenant provides that the thir- ty-two signatories to the Treaty of Peace, the thirteen other nations invited to become charter members, and such others as are later admitted by a two-thirds vote may become members of the League.

The Council is to consist of representatives of the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, together with four other members elected from the Assembly which· includes representatives of all the members of the League. Geneva, Switzerland, has been selected as the first seat of the League and Sir James Eric Drummond is the first General Secretary.

No present decision has been reached as to the limitation of armaments, although the wisdom of such limitation is acknowl- edged. Any war or threat of war is considered a matter of con- cern to the League. Disputes between members likely to lead to a rupture are to be first submitted to the League for arbitration and no nation will resort to war until three·months after the re- port by the Council or the award by the arbitrators. A disregard of the covenants Of the League is to be punished by expulsion and "boycotting" the offending nation, and by such forcible means as may be deemed wise.

The German Colonies and Turkish territory that have ceaied to be under control of these nations and are not quite ready for self- government are to be entrusted to more advanced nations as "big brothers" to be trained for self-government. Freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed in these colonies, but not to such peoples as are now denied them. There is also a provision for prohibition of the liquor traffic and fire arms in Africa.

As to social and economic conditions the members of the League agree to endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditioJlf'

of labor for men, women and children in all countries, the just treatment of natives, the execution of agreements with regard to traffic in women and children, in opium and other dangerous drugs and for the international control and prevention of disease. This docnment is good so far as it goes, but it utterly disregards the unchanged character of human nature. W orId policies and ideals must be revolutionized; and selfishness, national and individual, mnst be uprooted before idealism can be established. The work of Chris- tian missionaries has made possible the progress already attained.

Their courage, their service as pioneocs of civilization, their unselfishness, their teaching of Christian truth and their idealism

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

have raised the peoples of the world to a point where they catch a glimpse of a better way. The principles of brotherhood, of righteousness and of stewardship, expressed in th·e covenants of the League, are the results of Christian teaching.

But there is still much to be learned. Internal troubles may still be settled by. force of arms. Religious liberty may still be deni~d, injustice may still prevail in industry, laws may be disregarded, politics may be corrupt, men and women may be weaklings and hypocrites in spite of the most ideal League. Stability and harmony are based on mutual confidt'nce in each others integrity and unselfishness. Character is the basis of such confidence and the only bedrock of character is Jesus Christ. Not Democracy but Theocracy is the world's hope. The Reign of Jesus Christ is the only reign that will bring Peace.

THE LEAGUE OF DENOMINATIONS I T seems appropriate that with the establishment of a League of Nations, there should also come a League of Denominations in the Interchurch World Movement. Both are intended to promote world wide peace, better understanding between men and greater efficiency and progress. But while the League of Nations is based on international laws and is to hold governments in check, the. League of Denominations is based on loyalty to Jesus Christ and is intendrd to promote His Kingdom on earth. The one is international, designed ultimately to include all civilized nations; the other is inter-denominational, intended to include all evangelical churches in North America.

As there is need for a League of Nations to put an end to international jealousies and conflicts, so there is need of an Interchurch World Movement to put an end to denominational rivalries and to bring about closer cooperation among the followers of Christ in their battIe against ignorance and evil. The Church of Christ should move like one mighty army against the strongholds of Satan. Instead of that, each sect has too often been making its own plans of campaign as though it alone were carrying out our Lord's Great Commission. Over one hundred and fifty Christian sects and sub-sects are listed in North America. These include seventeen Baptist bodies, fifteen evangelistic associations, twentytwo Lutheran bodies, seventeen Methodist and fourteen Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. Some sects bear such distinctive titles as "Duck River Baptists," "Two-seed-in-the-Spirit Baptists," "Church of God as Organized by Christ," "Non-sectarian Church of Bible Faith," "Church of Daniel's Band," etc.

There is undoubtedly good reason for the division of Christians

into various· households and societies in order that each may find opportunity for the expression of his or her individuality. As long as men differ in taste and personality, in interpretation and ap- plication of truth, there will be reason for differences in modes of worship, in forms of government and in minor matters of belief and methods of service. But there should be union in loyalty to the Great Hrad of the Church and unity, without jealous rivalry 01'

misunderstanding, in the conduct of Christ's campaign at home and abroad.

Considerable progrf'SS has bern made in interchurch plans of coopcration. A meeting of representatives of Protestant churches in North America was held in Cleveland, April 30th and May 1st, to consider the plans of the Interchurch World Movement and to give opportuni'ty for presentation and open discussion as to the ideals and program of the movement for America and the world.

About five hundred delf'gates were present from twenty-eight de- nominations. Of these, fifty-five were officers of Home Mission Boards, sixty of Foreign Mission Boards, seventy-six of Women's Boards and seventy-two officers and mfmbers of other Boards. Of the- denominations the Methodists were most conspicuous, with 131 delegates; the DiscipleS' sent 76 delegates, the Baptists (north) 51, the Congregationalists 46, the Presbyterians (north) 42 and the Reformed Church in the United States 28. It was noticeable that the Southern Baptists ,vere entirely absent, and many other evangelical bodies were unrepresented, or had few and silent mem- a bers in attendance. A more even distribution of representation. and larger number of pastors and laymen is desirable.

The Cleveland presentation of the plans and ideals was mas- terly and inspiring, but there .was not sufficient opportunity for open discussion of the problems involved. Dr. S. Earl Taylor, the Executive Secretary of the Movempnt and the General Secre- tary of the Methodist Centenary, presided ably at the sessions or the Conference. The various departments of the Movement were presented by the temporary or permanent secretaries of each de- partment.

One could scarcely fail to be convinced of the value of the united surveys, of cDoperation in the presentation of the- needs to the churches, and of a clearing house to decide what work is mosineeded and which organization is best fitted to as- sume the responsibility for it.

There are great possibilities in such a movpment and grave dangers which should be foreseen and avoided. Of these we will speak later. A committee of twC'nty-two was appointed to report the" Findings" of the conference. This report expressed approval of the cooperative effort of churches to study and supply the need of the world for the Gospel of Christ. The report stated:

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"that the Interchurch vVorld Movement is a cooperative effort of the missionary, educational and other benevolent agencies of the Evangelical Churches of the United States and Canada, to serve unitedly their common present tasks, and simultaneously and together secure the necessary resources of men and women and power required for these tasks; that it is a spiritual undertaking of survey, education and inspiration, that it is an instrumentality of cooperation and coordinatIOn of administrative agencies and designed to serve, not to supplant them. We affirm our definite understanding that this is not an eccleciastical movement nor an effort to organic union. It will not disturb or interfere with the administration of any Church or Board. Neither will it undertake to administer or to expend * funds for any purpose beyond its own proper administrative expenses.

It has a definite and temporary mission. It will not interfere with or conflict with other denominational agencies."

Every Christian will welcome all signs of unity among the f01: lowers of Christ, indicating greater loyalty to Him, greater emphasis on the fundamentals of faith and greater earnestness in the cooperative effort to win men to yield their allegiance to Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only Saviour of mankind.

THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE evils of 11 military regime are SGen in Japan and Korea as they have been brought to light in Europe. The army and navy of Japan exert autocratic control, and the military rule has brought about evils which the Koreans have found to be uubearable. The Japanese people and even the Japanese Diet have not been responsible for these conditions nor have they _been cognizant of many of the methods employed by the authorities to Japanize the Koreans.

Naturally the Koreans desire independence, since their country was annexed without war or grievance of any kind and without their consent. It may not be advisable or possible to yield to the wish of the Koreans at this time, since they are still a weak and untrained child race. But there is reason to demand that they and their land shall not be exploited by the Japanese, and that they shall not be unjustly treated by their rulers. Here is an opportunity for Japan to show herself an unselfish steward by governing the Koreans for the benefit of the Koreans and of the world at large.

Christian missionaries are responsible for the awakening _of the Koreans in intelligence and a desire for progress, but are not responsible for any anti-Japanese movement. 'rhe missionaries cannot, however, see their unarmed and unresisting Korean friends, inclUding women and children, maltreated and killed without a protest. Heart-rending accounts have been coming to America, * As originally presented the report made the statement that the work of the mov~ment was to be completed in 1924. This _was omitted on the ground that the work might be completed prior to that date. The temporary character of the movement was however emphasized.

from reliable sources, of school girls inprisoned for wishing independence, of boys maltreated and of unarmed men shot down by the military police. When some of the Koreans were arrested and were asked "Who is the leader -of the insurrection 1" they replied "God Almighty." "But who are His accomplices1" inquired the Japanese. "Twenty million Koreans," was the response.

While independence may not be feasible at this time, certain reforms are justly demanded and should be expected from the Japanese. These were stated by one of the missionaries who was called into conference by the Japanese authorities. They in- clude: 1. Due consideration of racial distinction between the Koreans and Japanese. There should not be the policy of absorption.

2. The privilege of Korean language study in the schools. This is now prohibited.

3. Freedom of speech, of the press, of public meetings and of travel. While Japanese and foreigners enjoy these, the Koreans are denied them.

4. Opportunity to promote social purity. The Japanese have forced prostitution as an institution upon the Koreans. The people have no means of self-protection against the taking of certain districts of their towns and cities for brothels, and of their women and girls for immoral purposes.

S. The removal of discrimination against Koreans in Japanese courts of ,iustice. At present no Korean has an equal chance with a Japanese before the courts.

These are manifestly reasonable and just demands. But the Koreans ask more, as is shown by their " Declaration of Independence" which reads in part as follows: We proclaim to all nations of the world the Independence of Korea and the liberty of the people; and announce to our children and grandchildren the great principles of human equality and the everlasting right of self-preservation.

With a history of four thousand years, the nearly twenty millions of people of this land sincerely and loyally unite to make clear this declaration, and to open up the liberties of the people, for the future as well as the present. We take this stand and show forth the true heart of man.

The world is changing. It is a great opportunity. We follow it. And it is the decree of God that men should have the right to strive for the power of life and preservation. In all the world nothing can stop or hinder us from this. * * * Since 1876, when we entered into treaty relations, at many times and in many ways, the strongest covenants have been made only to be disregarded. We do not now point out Japan's sin of insincerity, but .more th~n this. Although scholars on the platform and the government WIth defimte promises said they would regard our land as a colony, yet they have lo?ked on our men as ignorant people, and have sought by conquest to qUIckly possess our land. ·For a long time the progress of society has been blocked. They have not regarded the high aspirations of the people's hearts. Yet Japan should not be blamed for her lack of righteousness, but we should scold ourselves and not be quick to hate others; and if we give careful attention ~o the present, we will have no time to criticise old wrongs. Today there IS only

one duty for our men, that is to establish ourselves, and surely not to injure others. By the stern decree of our own consciences, we must open up the new life of our own household, and not indeed because of old hatred or some temporary feeling seek to expel others. The old thoughts and old powers, that have bound the policy of the Japanese Government into an unnatural and unreasonable condition must be swept away. And this con- * * * dition must be changed to a natural and reasonable one by the fountain of just principles. Today we, the people of Korea, have declared our independence; that by means of this Koreans may be enabled to pursue the illustrious life of right and duty; Japan may be enabled to completely fulfil her important obligation of supporting the Orient; and China, by means of this may be enabled also to escape from the terrible dream of fear. Again, the important preservation of the peace of the Far East is one step in the direction of world peace and human happiness. Should not this move men?

* * * By obtaining our liberty, we will have a more abundant life and happiness; so let us unite all ~tRe people's powers in this effort for independence.

We earnestly strive with a good conscience; we preserve together the true principles; united we advance, old aIJd young, men and women; putting away sadness, we rise in action, like a mighty host to make a new and happier life.

A THREEFOLD PUBLIC AGREEMENT 1. Today we seek to establish correct principles, human rights, preservation of life, and an illustrious people; and so while asking for our liberties, decide never to give up.

2. We also agree that to the last man, and to the very end, we will joyfully show forth this true obligation of the people.

3. In all our movements we agree to emphasize the importance of orderly conduct, that by this our purpose and aims may be clearly known to be correct.

This declaration shows Christian restraint and high ideals. Moreover, the Korean leaders issued an "Important Announcement" calling on the "Respectable, Noble, Independent Korean Band not to insult the Japanese, or strike them with their fists, for these are the acts of barbarians." They had no weapons and their method was merely to leave schools, close shops, march, singing and shouting Manzai through the streets. For this they have been shot down, maltreated and haled to prison.

Surely it is time for the Japanese, for the sake of their own reputation as well as for the sake of justice to the Koreans, to grant the needed reforms and to win the Korean people by justice and by civil liberty, rather than seek their subjection by brute force.

This is a critical time for Christian missions in Korea. The powers of darkness are again arraigned against the powers of light. A recent communication from Japan intimates the purpose of the Japanese to grant certain reforms and a measure of se1£- government to the Koreans. It is to be hoped that civil government will also replace military control.

SHALL CHRISTIANS INTERVENE IN RUSSIA B OLSHEVISM is a natural product of tyranny-political or industrial. When autocrats rule the masses with a rod of iron, the common people will await their opportunity for revenge. When plutocrats rule the laboring classes selfishly, their employees will retaliate without mercy whim the opportunity comes. When military offieers treat their men as cannon fodder, revolution will ultimately turn the tables. Russia has suffered unspeakably in these ways, and Bolshevism is the result of the upheaval that has put the proletariat in power. Add to this the fact that the masses have not been taught self-government, and that their leaders are not actuated by the principles of mercy and justiee, and it is easy to understand the reign of terror that has gripped the country.

Under the Czar's autocratic regime, the common people were treated like cattle, without real civil or religious liberty. Jews were oppressed, Stundists, Doukhobortsi and other Protestants were restrained, and Orthodox Catholics were treated like children.

There are three methods of treating Russia in the present crisis. (1) Allow them to fight each other until one or the other class gains absolute control. This means anarchy, and possibly another despotism. (2) To send in Allied forces in sufficient numbers to quell the disturbance, and establish in power those best fitted to govern. This may mean the union of the Russian masses against the Allies, and unlimited bloodshed and expenditure of money. Afterwards, it might bR necessary for the Allies to police the country and maintain peace with a huge standing army. (3) Another method is ideal, if practical. It is for the Allied nations to conduct an educational campaign in Russia through the printed page and spoken word, in order that Russians may learn the practical ideals of selfgovernment, and of civil and religious liberty. This program would include also a systematic campaign in the interests of Christian truth, conducted by the Christian forces of America and Great Britain. Russia is longing for education and would welcome .America's help. Mr. Jerome Davis, a Y. M. C. .A. worker who has been in Russia for two and a half years, reports that the Russian Church is eager for help from America. Priests came to him, often late at night, asking for as'sistance in organizing Sunday-schools, men's clubs and social service work. They want literature on church work in America to show them how to adapt themselves to new conditions.

This is hopeful, but there is a deeper need than a change in method. What the Russian Church needs is new spiritual life. Casting away the old garments is not enough. A spiritual revival must be experienced, followed by unhampered education in the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christ All and in

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY- BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"I am the way, the truth and the Life. No man cometh unto the Father but by Me." John 14:6 The audacity of this claim is all the more startling because the words occur parenthetically as a reply to an interruption. Almost casually Christ asserts that He and He alone meets all the needs of the human heart, the intellect and the will. Some non-Christian religions place emphasis on the right way of communion with God.

Others emphasize the supreme importance of dogma or doctrinal truth against heresy; and others again put the sole emphasis on right living and noble conduct. In the following table we indicate how Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of all these ideals. He meets the craving of the heart for communion, of the mind for truth and of the will for direction. He is all and in all because He reveals the Father, declares the truth and communicates a new life to those who are dead in sin.

The table below indicates, by its threefold division, some of the lines of thought that might be followed in applying this truth. It is summed up by the Apostle when he says that Christ in all things "has the preeminence." The same thought occurs in We·sley's Hymn. "Thou, Oh Christ, art all I want. More than all in Thee I find."

THE WAY THE TRUTH THE LIFE Essene Pharisee Sadducee Hinduism Islam· Buddhism Method of Thought Material of Thought Goal of Thought Mystic Dogmatic Ethic Philosophy Theology Sociology Worship Confession Expression Communion Orthodoxy Vitality Liturgy Creed Conduct Sacrament Missions Ministry Heart Mind Will John Paul James Love Faith Hope The Fruit The Root The Tree The River of Life The Head of the Body The Rock of Ages The non-Christain religions and philosophies have no true ideals or vital truths that are not found in Christianity. What they lack Christianity supplies. What they have Christianity surpasses. As Joseph Parker said, "There may be comparative religions but Christiauity is not one of them." It is positive, superlative and final. The Cross alone bridges the chasm between the sinner and God.

409

j..>

c ONE OF THE ANTI·CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES EXISTING AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN MINERS A Sunday Dance by Ba'Sutos in a Johann esburg Compound

of Industrial Training in

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH. SOUTH AFRICA T HE industrial phase of the missionary enterprise has an as- sured place as the fourth of the great departments of mis- sionary activity-the evangelistic, the educational, the medical and the industrial. In countries like Japan and China, which possess an indigenous civilization and native industries, this form of missionary work may be largely dispensed with; but for the uplift of the backward races of the world it possesses an importance which can hardly be over estimated.

1. THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, as ono of the indispensable methods of mission work, is threefold: it is based on a sound pedagogic principle, it is an effective means of securing the highest object of all education-the formation of character. It has also high economic value for the native himself,. for the mission which trains him and for the whole community. In other words, industrial training has pedagogic, moral and economic value.

The pedagogic importance of industrial work lies in the fact that it means the introduction of a kind of glorified kindergarten among the child-races of the world. Froebel founded his kindergarten system on two principles-first, that true education consists in the harmonious development of the powers of mind and body, and second, that the teacher's part is to present suitable material for the innate spontaneity of the child's mind to operate upon. These principles are of supreme importance in their application to the child-native. The instruction and development of the mind at the expense of manual training tends to make him topheavy, and give rise to that pitiable object, the "native with the swelled head." The training of mind and hand should therefore proceed simultaneously.

Similarly, manual training brings into play the spontaneous powers of the native's mind. It imparts concrete and not merely abstract knowledge. Says Mr. W. C. Willoughby of the Tiger Kloof Institution: "I think that industrial training is very much more nece,sary for the natives than even book-learning-I mean as a matter of pure education. Industrial training will develop his power of thinking as book-learning never can. If you can teach a native boy the difference between eleven and three-fourth inches and one foot, you have taught him a very great dealsomething that will run through almost every department of his life."

Industrial training has the very highest moral value, as a means of building up and shaping the native's Christian character. It does this in various ways,-by counteracting the inertia that characterizes all primitive races living under the tropical sun, by 411

inculcating habits of regularity, unintermittent attention, and per- fect exactness and ueatness, by evoking and enhancing the native's self-respect and self-reliance, while increasing his humility, and by implanting a nobler conception of the worth and dignity of labor.

Christianity must mean very little for the African native if it does not teach him to work. The Christian native reads in his Old Testament the command, Six days shalt thou labor, and in his New Testament the law, If any man will not wOTk, neither shall he eat, and to these principles his reason and his conscience both as- sent. Moreover, Christianity has set up a new standard of life LV 'which he strives to conform. .

"It cannot be conceived that Christianity should really influence the heart of the negro, and leave him content in the midst of his old circum- stances, and his old unclean and immoral surroundings. Those who have had experience of mission work in Africa recognize how difficult it is for church members to maintain consistent lives unless the old idleness is ex- changed for habits of industry."* Manual training contributes to the formation of sterling Chris- tian character. Punctuality, in a country in which watches are unknown, and regularity, amid a people that have never heard of an "eight hour day," are virtues that have to be instilled by diligent instruction in manual toil. Such mechanical labor re- quires also the application of close attention and the most perfec~ exactitude and neatness. The slightest want of truth in measure- ment, and the day's work is lost, while valuable material has been hopelessly spoiled. More than this, the industrial worker develops a sense of responsibility to produce thoroughly good and reliable work. In his marvelous description of the storm which broke over the Norah Creina, Robert Louis Stevenson writes thus: "God bless every man that swung a mallet on that tiny and strong hull; it was not for wages only that he labored, but to save men's lives."

We must put forth every effort to awaken an industrial COIl- seience in our converts. Good honest work will increase both their self-respect and their self-reliance, without lessening their humility.

There are vocations which tend to self-conceit. The preacher and the teacher, under no necessity to labor with the hands, and dealing habitually with those who are both literally and metaphorically beneath them, lie specially exposed to this danger. At the car- penter's bench or on the tailor's table all are at the same level and the work on which they are engaged calls for co-operative and not for individual action.

The economic valtte of industrial work is seen in its three-fold benefit, to the native, to the mission and to the community. The impact of modern civilization has broken up the fabric of ancient institutions, and made many native customs and habits of life obso- lete or' obsolescent. As a Christian an African may no longer in- • George Grenfell in Hawker's Life of Grenfell, p. 395.

ONE; OF THE; CHRISTIAN INFLUJ';NCE;S IN A SOUTH AFRICAN

Service among mine employees in the native compound at Elizabethville

dulge in a plurality 0:1' wives, and must therefore substitute the plow for the hoe in tillage. Civilization too is upon him, shutting him in to his narrow reserve, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses, imposing new taxfs, and thus shaking him out of his lethargy and competling him to labor. At first the chief wealth of the native consisted in cattle; now the natives within the South African Union possess, on an average, no more than one goat, rather less than one sheep, and half an ox apiece. He is very little better off as an agriculturist, for the area of cultivable land is limited, the water supply inadequate, and prolongrd droughts almost as much the rule as the exception. "Thus it will be seen," says the Principal of Lovedale Institute, "that the Bantu are becoming impoverished in their permanent resources, and are living dangerously close to the line of permanent hunger. A struggle for existence is setting in on a great scale. If the Bantu are to survive it is clear that they must as a people develop new methods of agriculture and new habits of industry."

Both the mission and the community have need of the trained native artisan. Most missionary societies possess native skilled laborers whom they have trained themselves. It cannot well be otherwise in primitive surroundings. The missionary artisan must gather around himself a number of native apprentices, as carpf'nters, bricklayers, masons, gardeners; for without their aid the mission station cannot be built. But. the native who has been trained to some trade in the mission workshops is not long in discovering that there is greater scope (and better pay) for his abilities in the community at large; and so he soon passes beyond the reach of the mission to which he owes his training, and becomes, from an economical point of view, a lost asset.

It is impossible for any given mission to employ all the men whom it trains. To train no more men than it can employ would be a selfish and short-sighted policy. The mission then should encourage its surplus of artisans to seek a living where work is abundant. Artisans trained in the shops of the Basel Missions on the Gold Ooast are found all over Nigeria, the Kamerun and the Oongo. Native tradesmen from Livingstonia may be met with at Elizabethville and Kambove in the Belgian Oongo, or at Bulawayo and Salisbury in Rhodesia. The Lovedale industrial dppartmpnt has furnished trained workers for all parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg, Kimberley and Bloemfontein.

OBJECTIONS TO INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The' objections to industrial training as a missionary method are chiefly three: the expense incurred, the competition e.ngendered between black and white operatives, and the apparent departure from the primary aim of missinlls.

VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS

BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT~TRAPPIST MONASTERV, MARIANNHILL, NATAL First, then, as to the expense. It is a common complaint. of missionary boards all over South Africa that the industrial de- partments of the missions do not pay. In 1914 Mr. Henderson re- ported: "In the case of Lovedale the estimated expenditure on the industrial departments for the current year, including cost of materials, is £6,764, Towards this amount government grants are payable only to the extent of tl,296. . A loss like this can be borne by such an Institution as Love- dale only through the generosity of friends o'utsicle the Union, and at con- siderable sacrifice to the rest of the Institution ."

The reasons for this continued deficit are not far to seek. The grant by the government is wholly inadequate; the apprentices, for the first two or three years, at least, are not yet awage-earn- ing asset, and as soon as they are fully qualified their term of apprenticeship comes to an end; work such as is produced in the workshops of Lovedale or Tiger Kloof cannot compare in quality or finish with that produced in city manufactories served by skilled artisans and equipped with modern machinery; as often as not the mission workshops are situated at a distance from the markets which their goods are intended to supply; and finally, there exists in some minds a certain degree of ilrejudice against goods fash- ioned by black men in what is held to be undesirable competition with white tradesmen.

Second, an objection of far greater weight against industrial training, is the com.petition which it is likely to cause between

INSTITUTIONAl. CHURCH AT ELlZABETHVll,l,E JUST AFTER A CHRISTMAS DINNER black and white. On this point Mr. Maurice S. Evans, one of the most assiduous and careful students of our native question, writing in 1910, said: "The spectre which affrights the white man is a ~ision of the black man invading the towns as artisan, competing with him, working for lower wages at his side, bringing down the standard of living to his level. I do not say such a contingency is impossible if we continue along our present lines, but in any case it is some distance removed, and is hardly likely to be realized to the full extent sometimes depicted."

But in 1915, after a visit to the United States, he sounded a more ominous note: "The only thing I can clearly see is conflict- an industrial and racial drama played out in South Africa. On the one side will be better education, political power, labor organization, higher wages, and comparatively small numbers,-handicapped by the sinister fact that the members of .this race are relieved of much 5trenuous labor that makes for efficiency. On the other, great numbers with little cooperation and organization (at present at all events) but willing to work for low wages, with a natural fitness to climate and surroundings, with gradually improving efficiency, and with the training that manual labor gives."

In view of the urgency of this matter the Union Government in 1914 appointed a Commission on the Economic Question, which reported that it found the supposed competition between black and white operatives to be practically non-existent and whollynegligible, seeing that the natives were almost exclusively engaged in unskilled labor. The few who had been trained to a trade were far

from being- such experts as to be able to compete seriously with white mechanics, while in foresight and initiative they lagged hopelessly behind.

The census of 1911 revealed a few interesting facts which bear upon this point. Out of more than four million Bantu within the Union of South Africa only 6,000 were gaining a living as tradesmen, that is 1.5 per 1,000. Out of a quarter of a million colored people in the Union 17,000 were engaged in various trades, or 22.6 per 1,000. A writer who has given some attention to this matter writes as follows: "Colored workers have established themselves firmly in the industrial life of the country. In several departments of labor, notably those of fishery, – building and tailoring, they are not only ousting white workers, but have actually succeeded in monopolizing one at least of these. In proportion to their numbers they are already in a majority to white workers in the exercise of callings r~quiring manual skill."· We may safely conclude that the menace which skilled Bantu operatives are said to offer to white mechanics has been very much exaggerated. The time when such competition will become really serious is as yet remote.

Finally, an objection has been directed against industrial work and industrial training on the score that to engage -in it is to depart from the primary aim of missionary undertaking, namely • Stevens, "White and Black," p. 91.

A CORNER OF THE CARPENTRY DEPARTMENT, LOVEDALE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE

conversion. At the first General Missionary Conference held in South Africa in ]904 the Bishop of Lebombo is reported to have said: "The primary object of the Christian Church is not to make men carpenters . . . . Great sacrifices are made at home in order that the Gospel may be preached to the heathen; they do not make them in order that we may turn out good carpenters. Be very careful how you use funds for industrial work other than that which bears directly on the making of a good Christian. Industrial work has this advantage,-the first thing we want to do with the heathen is to make them listen to us, and industrial education is the bribe we offer to get people to listen to us as we tell the Gospel."

In this warning of Bishop Smyth there is much that missionary boards can profitably lay to heart. And yet it seems to me that the premise underlying his contention is false. What is the true object and aim of missions 1 Not merely the conversion of the individuar-though that is the immediate aim-but the ultimate salvation of the race. In pursuing this aim we certainly do not employ education, literary or industrial, as a bait to lure the native to our schools and our churches. The purpose of education is the Christian uplift of the tribe. Industrial institutions, like educational, cherish the hope that the pupils are Christians already, or will become Christians while inmates of the school; and this hope and aim is in most cases realized. But they will receive a heathen in the belief that if he is to be trained as a journeyman, it were better he received his training in a Christian school than under a godless master-workman.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING"

The need for industrial training for the native is admitted and emphasized not only by the missionary, but by Government commissions, educationalists, magistrates, writers on the native question. The attitude of the native himself towards industrial training is much more encouraging than it was several years ago, when the belief was firmly rooted that education was a device to absolve him from the degrading necessity of working with the hands.

"But the. vital importance of their keeping hold of their land and developing it is at last being brought home to them, and the higher type of candidate now offering for the workshops, and the numbers-far beyond our accommodation-seeking admi~sion to them, and their readiness to pay for the benefit, point to a change of attitude for the better, which should be thankfully noted."* For t'he industrial training of the native some forty schools and departments, all of which are in receipt of government grantsin-aid, have been established in connection with missionary socie- See Dr. Loram's "The EdC:ltion of the South African Native" for the chief data which. are presented under this section ~ .

Princlpal of Lovedale. in International Review of Missions, 1914, p. 342.

GIRLS' TAILORING DEPARTMENT-TRAPPIST MONASTERY, MARIANNHILL

ties in various parts of the country. At all these institutions to- gether there was an enrolment, in 1914, of some 1,800 pupils, of which just 1,000 attended institutions established in the Oape Province, the actual numbers being 606 boys and 394 girls. The government grants-in-aid in the Oape Province are calculated upon the following scale: £120 per annum towards the salary of a qualified departmental instructor; £30 for the initial outfit of a department; and £15 per head per annum as maintenance grant for apprentices (£10 for girls). In the matter of fees there exists some differences of policy in the various institutions. The no-fee system can only be made to pay, under present conditions at least, if pupils are in- .dentured for a long period, so that their skill at the end may neutralize their inexperience at the commencemnt.

A distinction is sometimes drawn between industrial training, which is impartEd at schools or in departments specially devoted to the work, and manual training, which the pupil receives at set times in the ordinary school curriculum. Dr. Loramdeprecates this distinction, on the grounds that manual training is only giv£n in the highrr standards, so that not more than 1 per cent of the pupils benefit by it; and that the so-called manual training is theory rather than practice, and fosters the idea that the process and not the product is the thing that counts. But it would seem, nevertheless, that manual training in primary schools is a most useful, and indeed an indispensable, adjunct to mental training. "An ideal institution," says Mr. Lenna"rd, Ohairman of the General Missionary Oonference, "would be one where an equal amount" of time was given to industrial and to literary training."

To conclude, let me quote the words of Mr. Henderson of Lovedale on the spiritual results of industrial training: "The efforts of the apprentices at making things result in the forming of strong and stable character, beyond what is achieved in the case of pupils mostly occupied with book-wor~. The industrial apprentices at Lovedale lead in evangelistic and spiritual work." To the same effect is the testimony of Mr. Vlok of the Dutch Reformed Ohurch mission at Salisbury,' that the best men and most consistent Ohristians who come to Southern Rhodesia in search of work and wages are those who have been in training with the Zambesi Industrial Mission in Nyasaland. Industrial missions, then, if conducted in a truly Ohristian spirit and controlled by men who have the heart of an evangelist, are capable of producing the largest and most encouraging spiritual results.

MEN NEED THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH

Native Employees at Smelter, just going on shift at noon. There are three eight-hour shifts a day The food store-house is in the background Men and Minerals in Katanga IN A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY CENTRAl. AFRICAN MINES BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, B. D., ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church G OD made this country to produce copper" said Mr. Watson, , General Manager of the prospecting company in Kambove, when in 1907 we looked out over the copper malachite hills which could be seen in every direction. The whole copper belt is about 250 miles in length and along with this copper there are large deposits of lime and iron, needed for fluxing. The rivers close at hand have great falls for generating electric power.

Every year since then there have been new discoveries of tin, gold, diamonds, coal and other minerals. It is certain that so far only a fraction of the richness of that section of the country has been revealed.

"This is the beginning of a stream that will result in the in- dustrial transformation of Central Africa, " remarked Robert Williams at Elizabethville, as he saw the first stream of molten ,copper flo'w from the furnace in 1911'. That tiny stream has lll- 421

creased until in 1917 and 1918 there were produced each year 30,000 tons of copper, which is soon to be increased to 40,000 a month or 480,000 tons a year.

It is at this point that the missionary opportunity and the commercial activities meet. Copper cannot be produced without man power, and native labor must be had for this purpose. Native labor bureau agents scour the country to induce the natives from the bend of the Oongo, a thousand miles to the north, to the Vic- toria Falls in the Zambesi on the South, and from ocean to ocean, to come to work on these mineral fields.

These native men are taken from their villages and towns for periods of from six months to two years at a time. They leave their family life behind them and are congregated in compounds at the industrial centers and here they come in contact with white men from every part of the globe, most of whom are vicious and degenerate. Already the most significant changes are taking place throughout the entire country side, and greater ones must come in the near future. Vill these changes be for better or worse?

That depends.

"And God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our like- ness, and let them have dominion . . over all the earth.' So God created man. . and God said 'Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion.' "

There are people who deplore the exploitation of Africa. But it is inevitable and it would seem to be within the plans and pur- poses of God.

The agencies operating in any community, civilized or un- civilized, are divided naturally into three groups: Ohurch, State and Commerce. We use the word Church to express the funda- mental religious life; State, to indicate the governing powers; and Commerce to include the development of resources and the pro- duction and exchange of commodities.

The most aggressive factor in all Africa to-day is the mining industry of the commercial group, and closely connected with this is the agricultural exploitation of the continent. European gov- ernments have followed commerce into practically every part of the interior. In some cases the native governments have been dis- placed j in the majority of cases j however, the tribal forms of gov- ernments have been retained, directed and controlled by the Euro- pean powers.

The Christian missionaries were connected with the very earli- est events in the modern exploration of Africa, and were the first to learn of these mineral deposits. In fact since the days of the Portuguese exploration of the shores of Africa, the missionary has played a prominent part as pioneer. It was Livingstone who heard of the hills of copper malachite in the Katanga and put them

19191 MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

on his map in 1857. It was his letters to his children that so stirred one of their playmates, Fred Arnot, that he never rested until, in 1885, he penetrated the Katanga and established the Garanganze Mission adjacent to these rich mineral fields. A few years later, Mr. Arnot brought out a large party of missionaries, among whom were Dr. Walter Fisher and Dan Crawford. This Garanganze Mission, under the control of the Plymouth Brethren, found that they could not take on the work of the mineral fields in additiou to that for which they had already made themselves responsible in the villages.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States is establishing work in the mines and in the mining towns. This is in part the fulfilment of the plans of Bishop Wm. Taylor, who, in 1885, proposed to put a chain of missions a thousand miles inland from Loanda.

Many problems and dangers confront us in this newest of the great mining centers of Africa. On the Rand in and around Johannesburg, where a generation ago there was only a sheep pasture, there is to-day a gold producing industry that commands continually the labor of 250,000 native workmen. This is but one of many mining centers, including Kimberley and Barbarton, which also require thei.r hundreds of thousands of natives.

Many of these natives are brought long distances, and segregated in large compounds where they are well fed and, when too ill to work, have necessary care and medical treatment. They are removed from all restraints of tribal control and the infiuences of family life. It is but natural for them to seek some diversion and amusement when off duty, and temptations abound both inside and outside these compounds.· At one time 600 white persons were in jail in Johannesburg for illicit liquor selling to these natives. Gambling is one of the mildest vices of the many that abound. The African in his native village has never been a model of virtue, but the vices and crimes that he learns of the white man in the mining towns might well make' a cannibal blush. Venereal di.seases are contracted and carried back to the kraals where the total population is being infected. The criminal intimacy of vicious whites with these blacks only tends to fan the fiame of race prejudice to a white heat.

Good likewise radiates at times from Johannesburg and other industrial centers as a result of Christian work. This might be increased many fold. A Wesleyan clergyman in Port Elizabeth conducted a night school which was attended by young men from several tribeR in the far interior. Some vears afterward when this minister was traveling in the northern Tr~nsvaal where the people were still heathen he was met by a comparatively well dressed deputation of mep, women and children who welcomed him to their village with

Christian songs. He learned that one of his converts in the night school had returned home with primer, hymn book and Scriptures, and had begun to teach and to preach in his home town. The Sabbath was observed, the people responded to the preaching and many were converted so that the whole community prospered. Some very acceptable and well prepared candidates were baptized and received into church fellowship.

Another young man who was converted at Johannesburg returned to his home among primitive pagans at Bushbuck Ridge. The needs of his people stirred his soul and he began a school and started a church among them. The work prospere9 until he felt it grew beyond his ability, and he sent to the missionary at Johannesburg asking for some one to help care for the enlarged work. No missionary has been available so that this young man and his wife, joined in the meantime by a trained young woman to aid in the school work, have had to meet the opportunities as best they could. The influence of this school is spreading to the surrounding villages.

A few years ago a group of missionaries was making a tour of Rhodesia in a region never before visited by missionaries, and where they met the usual ignorance and degradation. One day the people of one village who heard their message spoke up and said, "Oh, we have heard these good words before."

"And who told you"? the missionary asked. "Why Johannes, the son of the chief of this district." Inquiring where Johannes lived, the party made its way in that direction, and in all the villages on the way the people revealed their familiarity with the Gospel story and with Christian hymns and Bible teaching. At Johannes' home village, they found a fair sized and creditable school and chapel building. The Sabbath was observed and many were so well grounded in Scripture and showed such evidel).ces of changed lives that they were received on probation. Many of these were baptized not long afterward. Johannes had passed on to his people the good news that he had received at Johannesburg where many receive only evil. There are many such instances showing the possible influence for good that may result from Gospel work among the miners who return to their homes in the distant and unevangelized regions from which the labor is recruited. Some of the same unsavory conditions as are found in J ohannesburg obtain in the mineral fields of the Katanga. To meet them the Christian Church needs to have a well-manned and wellequipped work at each mine and in every town. We should be able to influence the life of every native that comes to the mines and towns to work. The present staff of workers and the equipment should be increased so as to occupy effecL:vely this great

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

strategic point of all central Africa. Among other needs are the following: . Night schools sufficient for one in every Compound. Institutional churches to make adequate religious and social provision for all the large centers.

Printing press sufficiently large to supply the increasing de- mands for thousands of primers, hymnals, devotional books, and other literature. Then the colporteurs should be multiplied several fold.

The night school opened in Elizabethville in 1914, was crowded to capacity and has so continued. Other night and afternoon schools in the camps or quarters of native workmen have also been well attended and are much appreciated. Lay evangelists add their services to missionaries and regularly employed workers, making it possible to hold many services each Sunday. The list of regular "hearers," increases and many probationers or catech- umen are enrolled as a result, the sales of primers, hymnals, por- tions of the Scripture in more than a dozen native languages, has been limited only by the supplies available, and have run into thousands of copies of many books.

The religious and educational needs must also be cared for in the outlying country 400 miles square to the north and west. The Methodist Episcopal Church has increased this work in her Cen- tenary program and hopes to supply these important needs.

Churches and Societies, both American and British, must en- large their work in the various areas of Central Africa, from which natives are recruited for these nllneral fields. A native who has been influenced by mission work before he leaves his home naturally relates himself to the missionary in the industrial centers. Those that are reached and converted at the mines also need shep- herding and further teaching when they return to their homes.

There is urgent need of greatly speeding up the activities of the Church so as to overtake and henceforth to keep pace with the other agencies of state and commerce, which are now affecting nearly one hundred per cent of the tribes and peoples. Today the Church touches the life of scarcely ten per cent.

If the Christian forces let the present opportunity pass unim- proved, the natives will become hardened and further degenerated in the school of vice. Evil forces will become more firmly en- trenched; many doors now opened will be closed and the difficulty _of the task will increase greatly.

The carrying out of an adequate program involves a five to ten fold increase of the present force and equipment of all mis- flionary forces at present operating in Central Africa.

of Alcohol in

BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G. C. M. G., K. C. R, LONDON, ENGLAND, Late Special Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Protectorate MISSIONARIES both of Christianity and Islam, and mostly missionaries of the Protestant Churches of Christianity, have rendered the most signal service to Africa and Europe· by fighting against the alcoholisation of the Mrican continent. The distillers of Europe and America and in a lesser degree the steamship companies, profited greatly by the traffic. It has just been pointed out in The Times of London, that the last British steamer, conveying a cargo mainly of Dutch and German provenance to West Africa before the submarine warfare began, took from Hamburg and Rotterdam 169,288 gallons of spirits, 33 cases of wine, brandy and liqueurs, all to be unloaded in the Niger Delta for the mental stupefaction' and bodily ruin of the negroes of southern Nigeria. If this was the average cargo of one West African steamer, you can calculate what the yearly import was like-multiplied by twelve for the monthly service to Nigeria and again by three for the three other West coast colonies-into British West Africa.

The missionaries first began attacking this importation of European and West Indian alcohol into Mrica in the forties of the last century. They found that in West Afric.a the native desire for brandy, rum and gin, was the chief stimulant of the slave trade_ The chiefs felt they must have alcohol, and consequently to purchase it from the white trader they must enslave their own and other tribes and bring or send the slaves to the coast. In South Africa the alcohol-Cape brandy-manufactured by the Dutch (and French Hugenot) vine growers, was killing off the Hottentots and the nearer Bantu tribes, and was leading to incessant native. wars; while the white man looked on cynically, profiting by the strife amongst the Negroes. The missionaries by their protests drew down on themselves the hatred of the traders and of the Dutch colonists. But they kept steadily at. it and are now not far from victory. The prohibition victory in the United States has helped enormously. Missionary influence so far swayed European governments and that of the United States that in the Berlin and Brussels conferences of the latter end of the nineteenth century, much of the interior of Africa, beyond the western coast belt and north of the Zambeziyou dared not interfere with the alcoholisation of South Africa without provoking another Dutch rebellion-was placed out of bounds for alcohol. Only the old-time French, British, and Portu- 426 guese colonies and the present states of the South African Union were exempted from prohibition of the importation and sale of alcohol for native consumption. Alcohol was only to be allowed in Northern Nigeria, Congoland, Central' and Ea~t Africa for the use of Europeans, and then in limited, carefully watched quan- ~ tities. In bringing about this improvement, the missionaries of Islam also played their part. In this battle there is tough fighting ahead against weak Governments, insincere statesmen and the hydraheaded forces of alcohol-aided in Britain by a pr~ss that is twothirds under the thumb of the distillers and brewers, and in France by a press that would sooner see Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Dahome and the Kamerun go to th~ devil than ..- . . _-.::~:-e=.:-~~'-~~-.:=-";".'~.-.=~~"::-"::'=—-"':,-'~-:=-':-:-:-,-,–".'-'~—"'~ '- ; . thart; the profits on French vine- —" yards should be abated by one franc. There is a probability of victory if only the United States AREAS OF I'ROHIBITION IN AFRICA stands firm. Before the war, the one plea raised by the British Colonial Office against the enforcement of prohibition in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and South Nigeria possessions in West Africa was the fact-or falsehood;-that the major part of this imported alcohol came from the distilleries of Holland and Germany; and that to forbid its entry into British West Africa might offend the Germans and alienate Dutch friendship. The victory of the Allies leaves us quite free to iguore the interests of German distillers; while as to those of Holland, we have to remember the welfare of those iInmense tracts of Africa which we have taken under our charge. The Dutch distillers, like those of Britian, France and America, must take the changed condtions into account and turn their manufacturing plants to chemical purposes. If distilled alcohol is bad for white men it is bad for Negroes; if it is to be withheld from the Negroes of the Congo Basin, of British Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and Northern Nigeria, it must not be inflicted on the Gambia, the Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. – French West Africa is not nearly so drunken a region as the coast districts of British West Africa. Firstly the mass of the Negroes and Negroidsare Mohammedans and total abstainers, and secondly the French officials frown on spirit drinking as fl rule. The

Ivory Coast has been infected with the gin habit from the adjacent coast lands of Liberia and the Gold Coast. Just before the War broke out the Governor of the Ivory Coast was seeking to bring about the prohibition of alcohol except for consumption by Europeans.

In Algeria, and in a lesser degree Tunis and Morocco, the French were before the war doing little to check the spread of brandy drinking among the Berbers and Arabs. The French wine producers will be a great obstacle in the path of prohibition. The public opinion of the future League of Nations must try to teach the French how to prepare unfermented grape juice so delicious and so wholesome in the United States, and further to export their grapes for eating and for raisins. In our work for th5 redemption of Africa we must fight to absolutely prohibit the entry into Negro and Arab Africa of distilled alcohol, except in an undrinkable form for use industrially as a chemical agent.

In Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the British Govern- _ ment is quite as much to blame as that of the French in Algeria, for not more actively discouraging the induction of the native populations into the consumption of distilled spirits-=-with much harm to their morale and their health. The Copts of Egypt always drank wine in former times but did not usually touch spirits. The Mohammedan Egyptians were total abstainers before the British occupation. Soon after that became well-organized, the young men in the towns-Copts and Mohammedans-picked up the whisky habit from British soldiers, officers and officials, and today a good deal of masculine 'young Egypt' is whiskified and drunken. In the Sudan, the chief harm was wrought by the Greeks, who set up stills in the wake of the British armies and distilled arnik from a. variety of substances of local growth. The Nubians and Sudanese picked up this process from the Greeks and low-class Levantine traders and carried the art of disti:[ling far into the heart of Mrica. When I was clearing up the effects of the Sudanese mutiny in Uganda Protectorate, the drunkenness among the Sudanese soldiers and their virago wives was a constant source of trouble, insubordination, acts of violence, and quarrels with the indigenous peoples. It nearly always resulted from some coarsely-brewed and very strong spirit obtained through the native stills from rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, or sweet potatoes.

Portuguese Africa, more especially the Mozambique Province -or rather the Trans-Zambezian half of Mozambique-has a bad reputation for alcoholism. The Portuguese distil rum from sugar and make no attempt to check its consumption by the Negroes. The result. is constant village and inter-tribal quarrels and petty wars. The Portuguese themselves are temperate. But they are quite

1919J PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA

without scruple on the. subject of trading in rum with the natives of Southeast and Southwest Africa, and their trades frequently smuggle rum into the forbidden area of the Congo State, and Portuguese Congo, where the natives are great drunkards. The Union of South Africa is still an alcohol screener and protector, seemingly because the vine growers of the Cape Province exercise the same inordinate influence over the Union Government as is wielded by the French vine growers over the policy of the French Republic. Heady and most unwholesome spirits circulate all over the territories governed by the Union Parliament. Though they are supposed not to penetrate into Basutoland, the Basuto chiefs are notoriously drunken. Bechuanalandhas been saved from this curse by the statesmanship and education of its veteran king, Khama. Alcoholdistilled of course–is the chief, the preponderating, cause of native and inter-racial trouble in South Africa. Even the Mohammedan Indians who come to Natal as abstainers from spirits give way to the temptation of the dram and the dope, and find themselves in the police court. Cape brandy is the main cause of attacks of black men on white women. Were the Negroes of the Transvaal and Orange States not allowed access to distilled alcohol, we should probably never hear of these attempts to assault white women. One never reads of such sexual crimes in Cape Colony, Zululand or even Natal; presumably because in those countries missionary influence is strong and has been used unswervingly against alcohol.

The British Gold Coast is an object lesson within a comparatively small area of the effects of alcohol on a Negro people and of the advantages of abstinence. In the Gold Coast Colony and in a lesser degree in_Ashanti, the native is allowed to drink as much gin, rum, brandy or whisky as he can buy from the white traders. The result is that he shows less and less stamina against disease; his system is more and more recalcitrant to healing medicines. North of Ashanti in Voltaland, we see a blessed contrast. In these northern territories of the Gold Coast, say the missionaries, the population is almost entirely Mohammedan, and its introduction has been forbidden. Here therefore you can see a splendidly vigorous people who are destined in course of time to displace the effete coast populations; unless, that is, they too sucumb to the infection, thanks to the pusillanimity of' the Colonial office–afraid to incur the enmity of the alcohol interests in England, Scotland and Ireland by extending the whole system of prohibition over the whole of British West Africa. At present out of an approximate area of 470,000 square miles of British West Africa, 320,000 are under prohibition and only 150,000 square miles given over to alcohol. But the alcoholic districts abut on the non-alcoholic; and distilled alcohol is gradually permeating the whole of British West Africa, to its great detriment.

Yet it must never be forgotten that in fighting this poison, we need a policy of construction as well as ·of destruction. While we take away the allurements of alcoholic drinks we must offer man- kind-black, white and yellow-some alternative other than cold water. Cold water, cold pure water, is best for thirst, but how difficult to obtain, how fraught with danger if from an impure ~ source! What physicians and chemists must proceed to invent and put on the market is a variety of beverages which will be (1) pala- table; (2) mildly or markedly stimulating; (3) thirst-quelling (4) harmless. We want some process by which grape juice may be sub- stituted for wine all over the world. Then prohibitionists may be able to shake hands with a French, a Cape Colony, an Australian, Rhineland, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian vine grower. And not only the juice of the grape, but of the orange, banana, grenadilla, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, cherry and other luscious fruits of the tropical and temperate zones. Already medical science is be" ginning to concern itself more intimately with the therapeutic quali- ties of various fruit and nut juices. We should concentrate all our forces-missionary, medical, political-economist, philanthropic-on the prohibition of alcohol in Negro and Negroid Africa. Simultane- ously we should try by propaganda to give publicity to all the wholesome substitutes for alcohol.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN INDIA PRONOUNCEMENT BY SIXTY-SEVEN MEDICAL MEN IN INDIA It has been proved by careful scientific experiments and con- firmed by experience that: 1. Alcohol, cocaine, opium, and intoxicating drugs (such as bhang, ganja, and charas) are poisons.

2. Even a moderate use of these is harmful, especially in tropical countries like India. They are of no avail per- manently to relieve physical and mental strain.

3. Those who confine themselves to non-alcoholic drinks and who avoid the use of intoxicating drugs are capable of more endurance, and are better able to resist infection and . disease. 4. Alcohol is in many cases injurious to the next generation, especially through its favoring influence upon venereal disease. 5. Alcohol aggravates the evils of famine. 6. Alcohol is useless as a preventive of plague. 7. Alcohol lowers the resisting power of the body against the parasites of malaria and the microbes of tuberculosis. 8. All that has been said applies with equal force to opium and intoxicating drugs. 9. We therefore appeal to the people of India to maintain and extend the practice of total abstinence as enjoined upon them by their religious and social obligations.

",..0V7.h'>I ,r •• TO AJ.EAS AltD A..'ROXUiilAn

POPULATION OF (;ACK OF MEXICO Showinf Division of R.sponsibility fot' o.:CIlpanon of Territory a."

Missionary Soei.ti.. as Afreed Upon at the Ccmf……. of Christian Work…. City of M.xico. F.bruary lS-21. 19111 The program of co-operation adopted includei-.

A University in the Ctty of Mexico. A Hospital In the City of Mexico. Elil:ht Agricultural Schoofs in as many different centel's of the Republic; A Schoo' of Mechankal Arts in each important center. Normal Schools in such districts as do not ~t possess them, and the suenllf1enitlc of those already existing; Devetopment of the Union Theotogical Seminary .Iready existing in Mexico City; A Community Center Of Institutional Church in each important center in the Reputltic: A Union Publishin, House, Union Pa~. and Book Store, in City of Mexico; A Campa~an to popularize Medical KnowIedp; Definite dtvi$ion of territorial responsibility so as to .void overlappini or duplicati.m of effort.

o MILES o

Advanced Program for

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America WHAT is our duty toward Mexico now that the European War is oved Many are saying that it is armed interven- tion. A leading magazine heads an editorial: "The Time to Stop a War is Before it Begins. "-and goes on to say: "Our war with Germany is over. For a while at least most of humanity has ceased its ghastly self-slaughter, and men's hearts and minds are filled with hopes and plans for a better and an ordered world. We have entered upon a breathing space during which, if public opinion will but steady itself, inform itself, and concern itself with realities instead of with chimeras, we may actually stop the next war before it begins.

"The next war! How can there be a next wad We have just won the war that was to end war. The Kaiser languishes in exile. Prussian militarism is overthrown. Whom then must we fight and what are we to fight about?

"With a full realization of the seriousness of what we are saying, our blunt answer to the first question is Mexico, and to the second American Investments."

The American missionaries in Mexico believe that they have a duty to lead the American people in a program away from armed intervention and toward both the development of friendly relations between the two countries and to helping the Mexicans toward the solution of their problems. This article ontlines the plan which the missionary forces propose. This plan is not hastily made. It represents an intense stndy of the subject for more than four years by a company of people who more than any other group of foreigners have become identified with the Mexicans and enjoy their confidence. Indeed many Mexicans have taken part in making the program and President Carranza and other leaders have heartily endorsed it.

Readers of the REVIEW will remember that in June, 1914, many missionaries to Mexico finding themselves in the United States on account of political disturbances in that country, held a conference of representatives of interested Boards in Cincinnati, and studied the whole Mexican situation. Advanced ground was taken in matters of comity and union among the various communions and a challenging program was outlined. Under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which acts as a Board of Strategy for the twenty-eight missionary societies working in Latin America, this program has been presented to the various Boards, was altered, 431

worked over, and enlarged. Finally, nine out of eleven societies at work in Mexico agreed to send delegates to a Oonference in Mexico Oity, February 15 to 21, to decide on the final details of what is probably the most comprehensive cooperative effort to help a neigh. boring country that has ever been undertaken by the Ohristian Ohurch.

THE READJUSTMENT OF TERRITORY This program involves, in the first place, an entire read· justment of the territory occupied by the different societies, in or- der to do away with overlapping and duplication of work.' The first American missionaries went into Mexico in the early seventies. As others followed they naturally settled in the most acce&sible places, with no concerted plan. So when a survey was made in 1914, much overlapping of effort was found. For instance, in a city of 35,000 inhabitants there were three strong normal schools for girls, supported by as many Boards, with six American mis- sionary residents, while another whole state with a million people . had not one evangelical worker. ,Most of those at the conference recognized, as soon as the facts became known, that the fO,rces should be redistributed so as to give all parts of the country equal service. But how was it possible to leave fields occupied for nearly half a century, to sell property, and to abandon constituencies' If the Boards agreed, how could denominational machinery be ad- justed, and how could we persuade donors of memorial buildings, and other interests to consent? It is too long a story, but the fact is that the need of the people has overcome the difficulties, so that the readjustment of territory has taken place. Two Boards, that of the Disciples and the Southern Presbyterians, have abandoned all the territory they had and have transferred their work to an entirely new part of the country, thus compelling their constituency in the United States to learn even a new geography. Practically all the other Boards have made sacrifices in order that all- the country might be occupied. As a result today, each of the co- operating societies know just how much territory it has to occupy, just how many schools, institutions, hospitals, and workers it must provide, and best of all provision is made for -every corner of the Republic to hear the Gospel message. The following description of the distribution of primary responsibility as now accepted by all the Boards concerned, for brevity's sake, does not include extra state boundaries, where more than one Board occupies the same state."

Congregationalists are primarily responsible for the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit and Colima.

* The Northern and Southern Baptists and the Protestant Episcopal Church have not entered into the arrangement.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

Methodists South, the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

Friends, the state of Tamaulipas.. Associate Reformed Presbyterians, parts of the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz. Disciples of Christ, the states of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes. Presbyterians, North, the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas and Oaxaca, Vera Cruz and territory of Quintana Roo. Presbyterian, South, the states of Michoacan and Guerrero and part of Morelos. Methodist Episcopal, the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico and Morelos. The Federal District with the capital, Mexico City is common territory.

This adjustment of territorial responsibility has been approved, and will have been largely carried out by the time this is in print. Some Boards have been working in this new territory for consider" able time, having begun to reshape their program immediately following the Cincinnati Conference. The cooperating Boards are showing the finest spirit of unselfishness in exchanging property, and local churches are getting together in a new way. In some towns there is a uniting of two or three former denominational churches into one "Iglesia Evangelica" and properties thus freed are turned into Community Centers. Mission Boards have made it clear to the Mexican churches that no authority was assumed over them to "turn them over" to other communions, but that naturally they would be glad if there could be a clos~r union of the churches, even as the missionary Boards were learning to cooperate more closely. The new move- ment is thus able to strengthen the churches by throwing them more on their own resources for the- work of self-propagation, and by having the Foreign Mission Boards assume the distinctively edu- cational part of the program. Another distinctive advantage in knowing just how much terri- tory for which a communion is responsible is that it can figure just how many schools, hospitals, churches, teachers, ministers, etc., it needs to do its job adequately. Curiously enough, each Mission Board that has its territory delimited is now realizing the need of putting much larger forces in the field than it ever did when it vaguely considered all Mexic., as its field. The Northern Presbyterian Board, that before carried on work all the way from Torreon to Yucatan, with a staff of about thirty foreign workers, since it has accepted the entire responsibility for a limited area, and made a careful survey of the needs of the reduced field, is now planning for a force of eighty-seven foreign workers, one hundred and twenty Mexican workers, and the expenditure of $1,500,000 for educational equipment in the next ten years. The Southern Methodist Board reports that si.nce taking over the property of the Congregationalists in the city of Chihua-

hua. it finds itself with the most complete mission station there that it has anywhere in the world, with a wonderful opportunity and responsibility for leadership in educational and philanthropic work in a great center.

Monterey illustrates a somewhat different situation, as there were more complications there. There were four strong Boards supporting work, the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians, the Disciples of Christ and Northern Baptists. The Presbyterian and Disciple Boards are to withdraw from Monterey. The two congregations, however, which are old institutions, with a well-developed membership, have decided to maintain independent life. Since the withdrawal of the Board's support, the Presbyterian Church has maintained itself, paid its pastor, and seems to be taking on new life. The Disciples Church, composed of some of the oldest Protestant families in Mexico, believes that it should continue its corporate life and do its part in the evangelization of the city. Yet both of these churches say that they appreciate the action of their missions in entering the cooperative movement, that it is best for the whole country, and that they will in every way cooperate with the Christian force left in Monterey. It has taken some time to bring about the feeling on the part of these congregations that the Boards are doing the right thing; and one cannot help but sympathize with them in hesitating to change over in a body immediately to another denomination merely at the snggestion of foreigners. There would seem to be little doubt that the problem will be worked out, and there will develop a very close cooperation, if not a union, between the Methodist, Disciple and Presbyterian congregations.

A great gain has already been made in the fact that these two churches have become self-supporting. It may yet prove that one of the best results from this exchange of territory will be the development of a large nnmber of self-supporting churches. Monterey, a city of 80,000 people, needs four or more evangelical churches, if they are all cooperating with one another and doing work in different parts of the city. No doubt the Mexicans will find it easier to forget the denominational distinctions taught them by the Americans after they are placed upon their own responsibility.

As to the Northern Baptists, they are cooperating with the Southern Baptists rather than with the other eight Boards,. This will mean that in practically all the large cities of Mexico there will be one of these cooperating Boards with either a Northern or Southern Baptist work. It is hoped, however, that there will develop in each of these centers a close cooperation between the two bodies, especially since the Northern Baptists have already approved many of the general plans for cooperation.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

One's heart leaps with enthusiasm as he contemplates the wonderful opportunity a single missionary society has with such a magnificent property as the Southern Methodists will control in Monterey after they have taken over that of the Disciples. Beginning at the Lawrence Institute, with three buildings and a block of ground, one will find a magnificent boys' school. Just a block away is a missionary residence,and a half block of ground which will be taken over by the Methodists, and two blocks further the magnificent building of the Christian Institute, where the Methodists will start a girls' school. A little distance from here is the hospital which the Methodists conducted with such splendid results for many years, and which will be reopened soon. Further on down toward the center of the town is found the large Methodist church. Mter taking over the Disciples' property there will be five large pieces of ground, with eight buildings; one church, three large school buildings, one hospital and three residences. Even without being on the ground one can easily imagine how, with the proper force of workers all united under one Board, with one common policy, a great compelling program may be developed which will dominate the city.

The Board that takes under its control such a large amount of property, with so many different kinds of work, must look at the problem in a very large way. Opportunities will be equalled only by responsibilities. The old, narrow programs, with few workers and limited budgets, must be replaced by an inclusive program that will serve the social, physical, educational and spiritual needs of a community, with workers who are specially trained for each department of service. The educational program, for example, should be directed by a man who i& thoroughly prepared in educational administration, and who understands not simply how to teach a few classes, but who knows the problems involved in the education of a whole people. Likewise the men who direct the evangelistic program should be of brf)ad spirit, understanding how closely the spiritual development of a backward people like the Mexicans is tied up with the economic and political problems which confront them. The force should certainly include those who are specially prepared to direct various kinds of social service and community work. After eight years of almost constant revolution it is clearer than ever that those who will do the most for Mexico must help in every department of life, and that our mission work will be of little avail unless we appreciate the problem from this viewpoint.

The city of San Luis Potosi is another good illustration of how the new plan will work. The evangelical forces consisted of the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians and the Baptists. The Presbyterians and the Baptists have had only evangelistic

work. Both own their Mission buildings. The Methodists have a beautiful church building. On one side is a residence capable of housing at least three families; on the other side is a building formerly used as a school for boys. A half block away is a large building that was used formerly as a school for girls. There hayo been no American missionaries in San Luis Potosi for four or five years, but Mexican pastors have kept up the church work. For some time the Presbyterians and Methodists, whose churches are only a block apart, have been considering the new program proposed by the Mission Boards, and each of these congregations has decided to cooperate completely in the new evangelical organization which may be developed out of these changes. It would not seem difficult to have these two churches combine. They might then become self-supporting.

The Disciples of Christ are to occupy tbis field in exchange with the Methodists, and the Presbyterians are to withdraw. The idea of the Disciple leaders seems to be that they would come in to do the educational and institutional work necessary in the city and to help, as might seem best, in the development of the local church. There is no intention to invade any of the rights of the individuals or congregations, but to cooperate with them iu the development of a strong church, known simply as the "Evangelical Church." The Baptist pastor brought his congregation to a union service which was held in the Methodist church on a recent Sunday rught, and expressed himself as desirous of cooperating in various ways.

THE PROGRAM IN SAN LUIS POTOSI . A general outline of the proposed new program is as follows: the Evangelical Church, which would draw all of the elements possible from the various sources, will meet in the beautiful Methodist church building. The large property formerly a girls' school will be used as an institute along the lines already worked out by the Disciples in their "People's Institutes" in Piedras Negras and San Antonio, Texas, with night classes, lectures on many themes, that would interest and educate the people, reading room, circulating library, gymnasium, classes in carpentry, shoemaking and other mechanical arts, with a kindergarten and primary school during the day. The Presbyterian church building, which faces a prominent plaza, will be used as a center for the poor people, who are in such dire need. The rear room will be dedicated to a clinic, the upstairs to a distributing center for second-hand clothing, the auditorium to evangelistic meetings for those who attend the clinic during the day, and at night for showing educational films and giving lectures on hygiene and teaching adults how to read and write. There seems to be no limit to the opportunities for such service in this city, where the poor people have crowded in from the

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

surrounding country, hundreds of them sleeping in the doorways at night and walking the streets by day seeking for some little work to do or begging for enough to keep body and soul together.

The delimitation of territorial responsibility is, however, only a small part of the program which embraces three phases of work: (1) that done by each individual communion in its own territory; (2) that done in its own territory in accordance with a general co- ordinated plan; and (3) that done in entirely union institutions.

As to the first phase, the representatives of each commuuion visited their work and developed a program for their field before meeting in the conference at Mexico City. This means that each one of the eight Boards has now a carefully worked out program for its field, which includes the number of workers needed and the number of institutions to be established within a certain period, generally ten years.

The second and third phases of the program (coordinated and union work,) are clearly outlined. One of the most important divisions is that which calls for each of the eight Boards to develop an Agricultural and Mechanical college, specializing along the lines suited to the part of the country for which it is responsible. These schools will, therefore, be strategically located from Tamaulipas, Durango and Sinaloa on the North, down through the central states of Aguascalientes and Mexico to Michoacan and Yucatan in the south. While each of these will be supported by an individual Board, there will be a general secretary of agricultural education who will study the whole problem and coordinate these various schools in their endeavor to cooperate with the Government and the people in the solution of the land problem. The eight normal schools already conducted by the missions will be enlarged and several other schools of this class opened in order that every section of the country will have a center where both men and women may be trained as teachers. In the past the mission normal schools have furnished a large pel' cent of the teachers for the public schools in Mexico.

Then there is to be opened in each state capital and other centers of importance in the whole republic, a trade school which will be adapted to the industrial life and problems of each individual community. It has been decided also that a community center shall be opened in each of the cities and towns of importance in the republic. There will be a forum for the discussion of community problems, reading room and circulating library, night classes, lectUr£ison subjects of public interest, clinics and other means of service.

The Committee on Cooperation in Mexico, which is the official representative of these various Boards, will have a secretary who will give his time to the coordinating of these various united ef-

forts. A Board of Evangelical Education hali been formed, which will also have a secretary whose business it will be to travel among the schools, suggest improvements in their curricula, coordinate their work, both among themselves and with the government schools, organize teachers' institutes and in every way develop the efficiency of the educational institutions.

Two years ago a Union Theological Seminary was organized in the City of Mexico, with eight Boards cooperating. It has been most successful in its work. Plans are now made for the larger development of this institution so that it may meet the great demands for M[.'xican Christian leadership. Nine Boards have united in the development of one evangelical publishing house with headquarters in Mexico City.. The various printing plants of individual Boards have just been consolidated. A union paper for all of the churches will appear about July 1st, and a bookstore and depository is now being organized. A union hospital is planned for Mexico City.

The conference also worked on the problem of a university in the City of Mexico which should represent the best combination of both North American and Mexican educational ideals. It was decided that this institution would do a wider service if it were not connected with any ecclesiastical organization. It is intended that it should be a Christian institution, laying emphasis upon both the moral and practical sides of education.

This far-reaching program was submitted to President Carranza by a delegation from the conference and was heartily approved by him. In the conference itself were a number of Mexicans who have prominent positions in the educational and political life of Mexico at the present time. In fact it is most surprising to find the preponderant number of men in the present Mexican government who are connected with the Protestant Church, either by having been educated in mission schools or who have been ministers of Protestant churches. The Director of the National Preparatory School is a Presbyterian elder. The Secretary of the National University is a former Protestant minister. The Director of Secondary Instruction for the :F'ederal District is the son of a Protestant minister. Several governors of states are Protestants, as are countless directors and teachers in public schools.

It might be well to add here that President Carranza has recently initiated reforms in the constitution of Mexico, to change those articles which· prohibit religious corporations from conducting primary schools, and foreigners from exercising the rights of the ministry in Mexico. The American Mission Boards therefore feel that they can count upon the enthusiastic support of the Mexican people in the development of this large, inclusive program.

Effects of the War on

BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR. D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in South Africa T WENTY years ago the Boer War in South Africa ab- sorbed the attention of the world and held the front page of the newspapers for three years. From 1914 almost to the present there has been going on in Africa a war, which, for extent of territory involved, number of men engaged, loss of life, and especially for its effect on international relationships, dwarfs the Boer War into insignificance and yet it has had for the most part only an occasional paragraph in the newspaper~.

It is interesting to trace the relation of Africa, remote as it seems to the every day life of the average American, to the World War and to world peace. In Africa the old style of international politics has been supremely exemplified, the race for territory, the clash of territorial and political ambitions, the secret treaty and the trading of interests. For many years before the war broke out Africa had been, equally with the Balkans, the powder magazine of the world. On more than one occasion war clouds have hung over Europe because of what the agents of European governments were doing in Africa. There the Germany which entered with uncertain and reluctant step on a policy of expansion in 1885 had, by the time when her military successes seemed about to promise success to her ambition for world power, remapped Mrica, laying out for herself a "Mittel Afrika" empire which was to be the foundation of her "Mittel Europa" empire, supplying the raw materials without which the latter could not exist, and diverting the attention of her greatest potential opponent, Great Britain. There the two· great democracies of Europe, adjusting their long antagonistic interests, formed by the treaty of 1904 the basis of the Entente Cordiale which settled the alignment of Europe's great democracies against her great autocracies in the world war. There, at Tangier, at Algeciras, and at Agadir were heard the first rumblings of the war that was so near. Moreover, Mrica might well have caused the Allies to lose the war. Had Egypt and the other Mohammedan countries on the north been drawn by the wiles of Germany into the "Holy War" proclaimed by her unholy ally, or had the mass of the Dutch population of South Africa been deceived by the same clever propaganda into rebellion against Great Britain, there would have been a different story to tell on the western front. Mrica will put to the test the unselfishness and idealism of the Allied 439

Nations at the peace table, for there are the possible spoils of war, but there also is the great opportunity for an experiment in international government. Surely the interests of Africa are the interests of Christendom, and we cannot afford to be indifferent as to what becomes either of Africa's territory or Mrica's people. We are not here mainly concerned with political considerations, but with those which bear upon the progress of the Kingdom of God in Mrica.

Let us first review what the war has meant to the African and to the missionary work in Africa. The former German territories in Africa, which have been conquered by three ycar~ of hard campaigns and severe fighting, are in area five times the size of Germany in Europe. Their population, estimated· by some writers as high as 13,000,000, has been under the arbitrary, militaristic rule of the power which knew no scruples that might prevent the attainment of its ends. Even before the war its population had been reduced by cruelties, private and official, to an alarming extent. Slavery still existed, so that 185,000 slaves to be freed is one of the legacies left in East Africa.

It is said that about 200,000 lives were lost in the Kamerun campaign alone; native communities were scattered, never to be reunited, thousands of natives were driven from their homes by war or drawn from their homes for service with the forces. Twenty thousand Bantu from South Africa served as drivers with the forces in East Africa, besides an equal number who saw service in labor battalions in France. About 167,000 natives from Nyasaland, Uganda and Rhodesia served as carrier corps. Native troops from Nigeria and Sierra Leone took part in the actual fighting in East Africa. Native levies were, drawn from the territory of every allied power in Africa, which means every province of the great continent. It is not too much to say that the great continent, accustomed to be called the "Dark Continent," still almost as much a terra inoognita to most Americans as before the explorations of Livingstone and Stanley, has felt throughout its mass and amongst its millions of backward peoples the upheaval and distress that has come to so large a portion of the world during the Great War.

Perhaps, to a degree beyond our knowledge, there has been felt throughout the length and breadth of Africa the throb of the same great hopes that the war has brought to other peoples. We do not say that the full meaning of democracy has penetrated to the mind of the pagan African, nor that he knows and sympathizes with the ideals of a League of Nations, but he is shaken out of his old pagan inertia, he has uew and

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

. WHA'I' SHAI,I, BE HIS PLACE IN 'l'HE NEW DEMOCRACY?

larger ideas of the rest of the world, and his ambitions arl3 awakened as never before. There is therefore created a new psychological atmosphere for missionary work, an atmosphere at once full of hope and full of danger; hope in the arousing of ambition, the broadening of horizons, the attaining even to a small degree of a world point of view, the inevitable result of which will be a turning toward the education which he recog-

nizes as the basis of the white man's power. The point where that education is most accessible to him, in most cases the only point where it is obtainable, is the Mission Station. Mass movements, already a marked feature in many parts of the continent, for example, in Nigeria, Kamerun, Uganda and Livingstonia, will probably become more general. A sense of helplessness in the new conditions, as well as ambition for the white man's education, will drive the natives to the missionary as their nearest and most trusted friend.

The danger in the situation lies in the fact that there will be more or less blind reactions to poorly understood influences. The heathen prophet will find good soil for his dangerous· sowing, as he does in every great crisis. Already in South Africa the native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy. Strikes are becoming common. Those nearest the life of the native feel that he is in a turmoil of unrest. Hard times, the pressure of discriminating legislation and the tension of racial adjustments are producing a mental attitude in the native dangerous to himself and dangerous to the State. Even the Church is feeling the tension. Ethiopianism, the policy of no white control in the native church, is reviving after a somewhat quiescent period.

Truly it is a time for great activity and great prayer on the part of the Christian forces. The native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy, the strike, passive resistance, political agitation. It is for us to furnish him with its useful tools, an understanding of Christian ideals and ethics, an education in industry; we must provide social outlets and opportunities; we must direct the growing sense of racial solidarity; we must labor to secure for the native rights and opportunities, fair land tenure and a share in the privileges as well as in the responsibilities of civilization. The war has intensified the conditions which the· white man's civilization was already bringing to Africa. It has also vastly enlarged and intensified the missionary opportunity and responsibility.

. The war has to an appreciable extent crippled the missionary forces which were already inadequate to the great task. The great German missionary organizations in Africa have for the most part been put out of business by the war, except in South Africa where they have been able to continue on a limited basis.. A~ the conquest of the territory has proceeded, the stations have gradually been reopened and Christian communities collected and reorganized, but under British and American societies which have had to stretch their Blender resources of men and m(lney to take on the new responsibilities. The closing out of

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

the German societies has removed several hundreds of mISSIOn- aries, together with their support.

The necessity for the snbstitution of the French for the Ger- man langnage in the schools of those areas of Togoland and Kamerun under French control has brought a further strain upon the missions in those areas. A complete and sudden adjustment to new language and new laws cannot be made without serious strain on organizations always undermanned for the size of the . task.

A still further crippling of the missionary force has been by the drawing away of large numbers of missionaries into military service. Some have been combatants, as in the case of the French; others have been chaplains or officers in labor contillgents. Some have officered carrier corps. Medical missionaries have in many instances given either whole or part time to military service.

Building enterprises have been held up by the prohibitive cost of building materials. Missionaries have had to give an unusnal amount of time to the raising of local products to serve as substitutes for foreign necessities of life unobtainable owing to shipping conditions. Government grants for education have either stood stin or in many cases been decreased or withdrawn. Self-support has been made difficult in the native churches on account of eoonomic conditions.

Cooperative efforts have been handicapped. For example, the General Missionary Conference of South Africa which should have met in 1916 has not met since 1912. Preoccupation with war interests, the financial stress, the impossibility of securing cooperation with German missionary forces, formerly a factor in the Conference, all have operated against such important co- operative enterprises. Mohammedanism has undoubtedly suffered less and bene- fited more by the war than Christianity. Upon Christianity, the gospel of peace on earth, rests the burden of acoounting to the native for the war among Christian nations. Mohammedan priests have been chaplains of pagan African battalions in the Sudan. Mohammedan soldiers have gained new prestige in many fields. The Christian propaganda centers' in mission stations and schools, which have in many instances been closed or scattered diH- ing the war. The Mohammedan propaganda· centers in the mobile trader who can quickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. Mohammedanism, broken as a political power, is perhaps more alive than ever as a religious power and is pressing southward to the very borders of civilized Africa.

LESSONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION 1. The African, not only in the conquered German colonies,

JOHA NNESBURG MIN E WORKERS-FOR GOD OR FOR THE DEVIL but in all of Africa, must get a square deal. He has had his share in the sufferings of the war. He must share in the privileges of life, liberty and self-government which the war has bought. His present capacity to enjoy the full benefits of democracy is limited, but to the limits of his capacity he should benefit by the new conditions. There is something pathetic and one may hope prophetic in the fact of thousands of Africans; the hewers of wood and drawers of water of the world, the nation without a nationality, fighting for the cause of world democracy, or laboring that an equal number of white meu might fight. It is a saf.e guess that the number of native Africans who have contributed to the Allied man-power will run well toward half a million. They have given their lives for the cause. Not only must the millions who have been freed from Germany's oppressive rule not be placed again under such control, but the League of Nations should see to it that throughout the continent the African secures equitable possession of land, self-government to the limit of his capacity and protection from exploitation by the white race. It must be secured alSi() that governments shall give the freest opportunity and the most cordial cooperation to the missionary forces which are laboring for the uplift of the African. The Portuguese and French colonial governments have been and are antagonistic to missionary effort in some of the areas under their control. .

We do not ask that African populations living in primitive tribal conditions, and still in the grip of fetishism shall be asked to decide by ballot what European nation, if any, they would choose

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN TRAINING AT UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. NATAL to rule over them, nor that the conquered territories be handed over to the rule of native chiefs, but we do insist that in all territories there shall be recognition of native rights and provision for native development, not according to the standards that the economic or political interests of the rulers may make expedient, but according to the standard that shall satisfy the conscience of the Christian world. Whether this international responsibility shall be exercised through the international commission government proposed by the British labor party for all of Africa between the Sahara and the Zambesi is a question of practical politics; the maintenance of the principle is an obligation of Christian statesmanship.

2. The native church has shown itself in the trying circumstances of the war to have the faith and the staying qualities that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In German East Africa Christian communities, of British origin, passed through· severe persecution wi.thout flinching. In Kamerun, where there was so much of suffering, the progress of the Church toward self-support was not stayed and its magnificent evangelistic enterprise continued unhindered. in Uganda the Church has seized eagerly upon the missionary op- . portunity that the war has opened of carrying the gospel to other

tribes. E:verywhete the native Christian has made good. As a steadying influence in the overseas labor corps, in the Christian carrier corps, in East Africa, and as a medical unit in the same campaign the native Christian has won high praise. Unquestion- ably the native church is a steadying influence amidst the social turmoil in South Africa.

The inference is that much is to be hoped from the de- velopment of the· native church into full self-support, self-con- trol and self-propagation; and the greater also is the emphasis upon the necessity for the training of a strong native leader- ship in the pastorate, the teaching profession and the trades.

3. The end of the Great War is the psychological moment for the intensifying of the war against the great remaining . atrocity in Africa, the liquor traffic. The liquor interests of South Africa have selected th~ most critical moment in the history of the South African native to launch a campaign to break down the prohibitive laws in the mining areas by opening can- teens for the sale of Cape wines and beer to natives. No timE' will be lost by the trade in recovering lost ground in Nigeria and else- where on the west coast,where war conditions have t.emporarily suspended the importation of liquor. The war has proven more conclusively than ·ever that the traffic is a cancer in the life of nations. The moment of peace is the moment for the temperance forces of America to back the missionary forces in Africa in a great campaign for the abolition of the liquor traffic throughout the continent.

4. All that has been said puts new emphasis upon the neces- sity for co-ordinating the missionary forces on the field. Kikuyu has sounded the trumpet of advance in its declaration of purpose not to rest till all the societies in that area shall share one church and one ministry. The German societies must be welcomed back to their share in the common enterprise of the Church. Denomi- national lines must fade, national churches from abroad must take on more truly African character, there must be greater recogni- tion of the essential oneness of all churches in Christ; there must be a re-survey and a more definite attempt than has yet been made to avoid overlapping in the more settled portions of the continent j there must be unity of effort in great social service and educa- tional programs that the resources of the Kingdom may not be squandered and that the greatest opportunity Africa has ever pre- sented may not be wasted.

Altogether the tasks that face the Church in Africa after the war are such as emphasize the duty of the American Church to keep Africa very much to the front in its prayers and its giving at this critical time.

Church and the Industrial Situation*

BY THE REV CHARLES A. BROOKS, Do Do, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HERE is a striking and significant coincidence in the way the united missionary education program fits in with the re- cent rapid development of interest and importance of the situation as concerns the world's industrial workers.

The united home and foreign mission topic agreed upon a year ago, "Christianity and the World's Workers," recognizes the fact that the issues involved are not sectional or national but universal j that they are not remotely "foreign" or too inconveniently "home" to be interesting. This is a happy assurance that there is no real rivalry or competition or division of interest between" home" and "foreign" missions. Even more full of promise, is the recognition that the subject itself is missionary, inviting the challenge of adventure for God and humanity, the conflict of long esfablished wrongs with divine truth and light and love and 0 the dawning kingdom of Brotherhood and Peace.

The working men and women the world over, the common people whom God must love, according to Lincoln, have become intensely conscious of themselves as a class, and the necessities of the war have made them aware of the dependence of the world upon them and their co-operation. They have alarmed the more conservative elements by their ins~stence upon immediate satisfaction of their claims, reasonable or unreasonable. The highest wages ever paid have not proven sufficient to keep many groups of labor active and productive even though any slacking of their effort imperiled the cause of world freedom in which they had as much at stake as anyone. Then the debacle in Russia, the 80ciaJist opposition to the program of America in the war and the proven disloyalty of the 1. W. W. has roused bitte'r resentment and deep suspicion in the minds of conservative people that the class struggle is brutally and blindly selfish, and is a menace which must be put down at all costs.

But these facts do not tell the whole story nor do they finally dispose of the matter. Weare not to be done with this struggle until the moral leadership of the world courageously finds the way to permanent and just industrial peace.

America in 1800 was largely a rural nation. In that day eightyeight per cent of the people lived in the country and cultivated the soil. Today only twenty-four per cent are farmers. There are seventeen great cities, each of which is larger than anyone of our ten smallest states. In 1910, 13 cities had an aggregate population *This article was written before the Armistice was signed.-EDlTOR.

447

of 17,000,000 lJ,nd employed in great industrial concerns more than 2,500,000 workers. The annual output of those concerns accord- ing to the government report was valued at $7,500,000,000. The mining and lumbering industries, with transportation, represent vast investments of capital and employ many thousands who live under conditions far less favorable to the general welfare than many of the cities and larger towns offer. The entrance on a large scale of women into industry and the great army of the foreign born present their own peculiar problems. The presence of chil- dren in the struggle for daily bread is a dark blot upon our civi- lization. Professor Fairchild of Yale well reminds us that our knowledge of how to produce satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with our knowledge of how to produce wealth.

When the war began, America underwent very radical in- dustrial changes. The future significance of many of these changes and the establishment of many precedents, only an inspired prophet would attempt to foretell.

The tremendous industrial expansion which followed the un- precedented demand for war materials has revolutionized many communities and created outright many more. The Government established numerous centers under the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department for the production of chemicals, the loading of shells, etc. with populations varying from 1,000 to 25,000; built the houses and schools, the sanitary equipment and established a City Manager form of government. Old established industrial centers such as Newark, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., Akron and Youngstown, Ohio, Bethlehem, Pa., Camden, N. J., Chester, Pa., etc., experienced an almost inconceivable growth in populatiQn·. The Delaware River Basin has become one of the busiest industrial areas of its extent on the globe. It is a conservative estimate that over 90,000 new population, including many foreigners and negroes, moved into the region. It is impossible even to estimate with any fair degree of accuracy how many people have been affected by these new conditions the country over. Some of these industries very naturally have now experi~nced a reaction but many others are not so much affected. Shipbuilding must go on for many years, the great chemical expansion begun under the pressure of the war will not be allowed to lapse. Many of. these communities will have a great industrial future.

The migration of negroes from the Southern States to North- ern industrial centers has in it great possibilities for good or ill. The railroads have been pioneers in importing negro labor to re- place the returned immigrants called home to take their part in the war. Not less than 750,000 negroes have crossed the Mason . and Dixon line to find a place in our Northern cities. Perhaps no single section has felt this more than Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the Home' Missions Council indicates conservatively that J30,000 new negro population has settled in these States. They naturally are oblige,d to live in the most undesirable quarters. They have been met by a hostile attitude on the part of many workers. The fearful outbreak in East St. Louis is an indication of the social and industrial upheaval, fortunately less serious in other sections than on the border. The higher wages and generally better conditions than most enjoyed in the South makes it apparent that in all probability these people will remain permanent residents in the North. These recent developments add a new importance and urgency to the industrial situation.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHURCH No argument is needed to prove that the Christian Church in America is still too much of a negligible factor in the industrial world. It has little influence upon the masses of workmen and is either openly denounced or completely ignored. It is generally suspected of being partisan in its attitude and of representing the conservative element of society.

Without attempting any discussion of this very important problem may I suggest some ways in which the Church should reclaim her rightful leadership and influence.

1. The leaders of Christian thought and activity, pastors, laymen, secretaries and editors m?tst recognize the existence of a crucial opportunity in the period of reconstruction. It will not ' do to fall back upon our own formulas, strafe the Socialists, the Industrial Workers of the World and the Bolsheviki and take anattitude of hostility toward the labor leaders who in. many instances have merited criticism. We must' give ourselves to an earnest and open minded study of the issues involved and have an intelligent grasp of the situation. To-day Socialism seems to offer many earnest men the only medium of expression or outlet of their social passion. But there are thousands of men equally earnest and devoted to the cause of human welfare who cannot accept the doctrine of Socialism, and yet must line up with some constructive force which will not compromise with injustice nor tolerate human exploitation. The Christian Church can have these men and women any time she makes it evident that she stands foursquare and uncompromisingly for the supremacy of human rights in the name of her Lord. If the Church cannot lead these socially minded men and women, she will be thrust toone side, for God is mar<}hing on.

2. The Church must show its spiritual vitality and loyalty to the Spirit and mind of Christ by its passion for human welfare. Only a spiritually dead church can be indifferent to human need or

suffering. The great spiritual awakenings 'Of the Church have been fQllQwed by great refQrms. The revival which aWQke England under the ministry 'Of Wesley and Whitefield arQused England tQ realize the social wrQngs 'Of that day.

The Snnday schQols established by RQbert Raikes 'Of GlQucester were the beginnings 'Of a PQPuiar educatiQn. By writings and by her 'Own persQnal example Hannah MQre drew the sympathy of England tQ the PQverty and crime 'Of the agricultural laborer. The passiQnate impulse 'Of human sympathy with the wronged and afflicted raised hospitals, endowed charities, built churches, sent missiQnaries tQ the heathen, supPQrted Burke in his plea fQr the Hindu and Clarkson and Wilberforce in their crusade against the iniquity 'Of the slave trade. John Howard drew his inspiratiQn fQr prisQn ~efQrm frQm the same fountain head of spiritual plOwers newly 'Opened fQr the healing of the nations.

There can be nQ such thing as devDtion tQ Jesus Christ which dDes nQt carry with it lQve fDr men, especially fQr the fQlk whQ need it most. In fact our Lord said that the only assurance 'Of our devQtiQn He wDuld accept as valid is what we do for thDse whQm He lQves.

3. The Church must democratize its service and its fellowship. The Church was meant tQ be a kind of wQrking model Df the Kingdom 'Of GQd, an ideal society. There can be no such thing as a class cDnsciQusness in a truly Ohristian Ohurch. A "labQr" church is as much an anQmaly as a "capitalist" church. When Phillips BrQDks was tQ preach befDre Queen VictQria, SDme 'Of his English friends were anxiDus that he should appreciate the distinguished hDnDr and rather brDadly hinted this and asked what sermDn he had chQsen tQ preach. This great Christian replied, "I have but lOne sermDn." 'When asked tQ address a working man's meeting in Faneuil Hall he replied, "I dQn't knQw hQW tQ talk tQ wQrking men. " They were just men tQ him and he had the same message fDr them as fQr the men and WQmen 'Of the Back Bay. The wQrking men liked him the better fQr it and it was while serving as their chosen arbitratQr tQ settle a street car strike in BQston that he cQntracted the CQld which later caused his death.

Before DemQcracy was ever written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of any natiQn it was written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of the universe. DemQcracy is the Christian valuatiQn of human persDnality. Democracy should begin in the HQuse 'Of GQd.

A pastor in a Western city one day, as we were planning SQme cQmmunity service for an unchurched section of the city, tQld me Df a neighbDring pastQr who said when he had SQught tQ interest him in the prQject: "I am 'On a still hunt fQr substantial peDple." That undemQcratic and essentially un-Ohristian attitude has alienated many working people, and has actually turned many Df these

same "substautial people" from its doors. The Church can have the people any time it really wants them. But to want them, really and truly and deeply want them, is a spiritual achievement of a very high order.

4-The Church must proclaim with unmistakable clearness and unwaverin,q emphasis the stewardship of wealth and social position. The recent book by David McConaughy, "Money, the Acid Test," rightly makes ste,'ardship include not only the giving of money, .but the conscious and recognized obligation to society for the possession and use of every thing we possess. If we had been faithful a half a century ago in proclaiming the broad conception of stewardship we would have avoided many tragic mistakes and saved many wasted lives. This inability to recognize the application of Christian principles to business has been the root of untold injury to the cause of Christ. Whenever the Church will consider unsocial and dishonest stewardship as a ground for discipline and a basis for disfellowship it will have done much to regain the confidence of the man in the shop and the mine.

But in the light of the late crusade against world oppression and injustice, against exploitation and disregard of human rights, we have found our souls, we trust, and are ready to dare all things, make any sacrifice, endure any hardship in order that our dream of brotherhood and redemption may be realized. It is. this new temper of soul which should enable the Church to rise up and attempt the impossible.

A NEW MISSIONARY PROGRAM This attitude and spirit for which we have been pleading must of necessity be reflected in the missionary program of the churches.

I-There must be effective co-operative planning and execution. That was at once apparent in the new industrial centers developed under pressure of the war. It was this conviction that led to the organization of The Joint Committee of Sixteen to represent the War Time Commission of the Churches and the Home Missions Council. This Committee adopted a tentative budget, for the first year, of approximately $900,000, and plans to establish Community churches with an adequate staff of workers in the new permanent communities and is enlisting the support of the various Home Mission Boards to strengthen already existing churches in the older established communities which have been called upon to meet the emergency of this industrial expansioll.

This spirit is finely illustrated in the organization of "The Calumet Church and Missionary F€deration," which is really a missionary planning Board to study and provide for the needs of that rapidly developing industrial region contiguous to Chicago on the East. Christian unity to be of any value must be wrought

out as the unity of allied military action has been wroughtardluu out in France, under the pressure of a great common peril and challenge which makes the recognition of a common cause absolutely essentiai to victory. 'The great. masses of laboring men and women, the people of the great congested areas in our cities, neither know nor care about our historic or theological differences. What they will understand readily is incarnate love and friendliness which reveals and interprets the Saviour.

2-0ur missionary program mnst be a comprehensive community program projected not upon the basis of theories, but on the ground of meeting the needs of the community.

During the frightful suffering endured by the poor in New York City in the winter of 1917 to 1918 the churches endeavored to keep the buildings warmed and opened to the community. The children came from school and the mothers and babies from the tenements, to seek refuge. One of the missionary organizations, when the coal for the churches was exhausted, appealed in vain for more. Finally the head woman worker went in person to present the urgency of the situation. She at once met with the sharp reply that they were not furnishing coal for churches. Then pleading for two minutes' time she told the story of the heroic service they had been doing to meet the emergency. Before she had finished the coal administrator called on the telephone to a supply yard and the missionary heard one end of the conversation and her imagination supplied the other. "Send some coal to the Second Avenue Baptist church. Yes I know we are not supplying any coal to churches, but this isn't a church. They call it a church, but it isn't a church, it's a place where they take care of children and women with babies. Send them some coaL"

The missionary program which is to minister to the community where congestion and poverty abound, where life is barren of beauty and warmth, must provide for the whole life of the whole community. The foreign mission program has long ago recognized that obligation, but some way our conventional religious activities have not made room for a building which shall be a community center, with a day nursery, a dispensary, a laundry, recreational and educational equipment. But we see it now, and the great Home Mission Boards will never be content to confine their ministry to a program that calls for a twice a week opening of a meeting house.

There can be no substitute for personal religious experience. What we plead for is what John the Baptist came for, a preparation for the Lord, a prepared way, with rough places smoother, the crooked straightened, the low places filled up and the high places leveled, that the glory of the Lord may be revealed and all flesh see it together.

@ @ ~

. _ " BE S'TDD.M~UETJtHJO…"Dau.S"". . . ,,~O ,,"_ EDiTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK CITY_ Working By Proxy METHODS OF HELPING OTHERS DO THEIR WORK Is it true that no one can do 'another's work? Perhaps so, but equally true is it that every one can help some one else to do his work better. Some of the most effective workers in the world to-day are effective because of the people who are helping them, while the greatest things accomplished by men and women are not always the things they actually do themselves but the things they make it possible for others to do.

WILLIAM CAREY did a work conserve valuable strength and mul- which reached to the ends of tiply efficiency.

the earth. A widow unknown to The American women who gave fame in whose home he began his Dr. Ida: Scudder an automobile lit- work helped to make possible a work erally made the strength of that which she could have in no wise done splendid worker in India as the herself. strength of ten, for doctor plus A woman who never set foot in an automobile can cover as much Africa made possible much of the ground and see as many patients as work done by David Livingstone by ten doctors minus an automobile.

handing him a cash gift as he was A missionary who has been in going out to his work. With this service for thirty-two years recently gift Livingstone employed the native wrote to a friend: "It would be so man who cared for him in many easy for some one to make possible ways, who conserved the strength of a longer period of efficiency for the his master by attending to details of older missionaries by a little thought- his work, and, who actually saved ful provision for aids in our work.

the life of that greatest of all mis- . We go through our first and second sionaries to the dark continent, in and perhaps our third decades with an encounter with a lion. enthusiasm and energy, struggling We are inclined to most extrava- with the ever unsolvable problem of gant economy in withholding the making two very inelastic ends meet equipment which would make the to cover the needs of the family.

work of missionaries and missionary We do it cheerfully and get so used leaders really effective. to it that stretching one dollar to the Extravagance garbed in the guise purchasing power of five, and making of economy is it which bids a mis- something out of nothing, grow to be sionary secretary save on clerical help in time almost second nature.

to the exhaustion of his own vitality, "But when we start in on our while truest economy is found in the fourth decade we face a very difficult expenditure of sufficient amounts to situation. By virtue of our thirty. or 453

more years' residence and work in Many people have given thought to our adopted land we are at last really increasing the efficiency of the young in a position to do many things we missionary, but here is suggested a have longed to do. Now we meet great opportunity of prolonging the evidences of a love and confidence, efficiency of workers, already trained gained only by long years of residence and acclimated, who have a hold on and work. Now come requests to the work and a position of influence take charge of many important ac- not to be had by any new comers to tivities and, after working for all the field, no matter how gifted and these years to reach this vantage energetic they may be.

ground, we have to fail to make the UNLISTED IN WHO'S· WHO most of it, because of physicallimitations. If an adequate means of Yet they have made some great traveling about the large city in work possible.

which our work may lie were pro- . During the days of the war it vided, we might be able to do some seemed that a missionary secretary, of these things we have longed to who was doing exceptionally fine do and now have the opportunity of work in rural communities for the doing. If we could have enough Federal Council of Churches, would help in our homes, so that the enter- have to give it all up because his taining which is at once a great wife's strength was not sufficient to privilege and a great drain on the meet the demands made by the care strength of the senior missionaries, of the home and the children, with might be less of a drain and more of no servant to be had on any terms.

a privilege, we could have strength A bright young schoolgirl saw the released for the outside work that situation and proposed that she would calls so insistently. Even if he is come in for several hours every day able to get along without it in his to cook.or to wash dishes or to clean younger days, a missionary after his house or nurse as the need was.

third furlough should have some kind Some of her schoolmates made horri- of conveyance for his own use, or fied ejaculation: "Surely you are else a fund to enable him to use more not going out to help to do house- freely the public motor cars when work !" "Oh, no," said she. "I'm such are available. To his former going out to help the Federal Coun- salary should be added enough to cil of Churches carry out a program enable him to live and entertain the for a great work in rural communi- many guests who come to his door, ties."

without the straining economy which In the Centenary Campaign of the exhausts him. Methodist Church a man was needed Here for instance is the wife of a to do a fine piece of organizing work missionary. She is over sixty but in looking after the allocation of five is in good health and goes about four . thousand minute men to speak in miles to her work. She takes two different churches. A New York lines of cars and walks five blocks pastor was found who was peculiarly each way, occupying about an hour fitted for the task, but there seemed in· making the trip. She returns no way to secure his release from home exhausted. If she had been the heavy pastoral work which de- able to go in an automobile she could manded all of his time, until a young have made the trip in less than fif- layman said, "Now I cannot manage teen minutes and been rested instead as big a proposition as this area of wearied by it. Why does she not proposition with the assignment of live near her work? Because her speakers and all it involves, but I can husband's classes must be considered organize the executive work of this first and their home is convenient to congregation so as to release a large these." part of the pastor's time on six days

BEST METHODS

of the week. Whereupon he applied delegate to the International Sunday himself to the task of having the School Association. Of course you members of the congregation take are going." "I'm a delegate, but I'm care of many of the week day not going," was the answer. A bit activities which had previously been of questioning brought the informaattended to by the pastor. New- tion that he was not going because comers, and new members were called he did not have money to pay his on, the sick· were visited, and a expenses. Then the Bible class splendid system of work was set teacher said, "Now see here, I believe in motion which made it possible for in you and what you're going to do the pastor to give his time largely in the Sunday-school, and I'm going through the week to the big piece of to see that you go to that convenwork for the Centenary. This was tion." the main objective, but a valuable by-product was the increased activity The young man went, and there his of the membership of the congrega- eyes were opened to the possibilities tion in the work of the church: of the Sunday-school, and he has given his life to the realization of There is a woman whose name has these possibilities. never appeared in a list of missionary workers, but who is doing a great The Bible school teacher had only work by proxy. She does not speak a local influence through his own at meetings nor is she known to work, but when he found Marion executive councils, but she slips Lawrance and gave him the $20.00 quietly into the home of a prominent which paid his expenses to his first and busy missionary leader who is Sunday School Convention, he set in eminently fitted to both of these tasks, motion the greatest influence of his and takes. charge of her darning bas- life. ket, thereby releasing much of her gifted friend's valuable time for He little dreamed that he was service which she alone can give. An- helping the future General Secretary other woman who was doing a fine of the International Sundav Schaol piece of public work in addition to Association to find his work and to her own housekeeping was enabled do it in a way that has for years to continue it without interruption made him the outstanding Sundaybecause a practical friend said, "I sch001 leader of the world. cannot do the speaking you are doing, but if you will keep right at it, I'll In like manner some one saw the attend to your canning and preserv- possibilities in a young law student, ing this summer." and made arrangements for W. C. Pearce to go to his first Sunday- A business man proposed to as- school convention, which was a great sume the salary of one of the great influence in directing his exceptional missionary leaders of this country, ability in dealing with men in the making it possible for this most con- channels of Christian and Sundayvincing speaker to go all over the school work. country giving his message. He has stirred the hearts of men everywhere' DANGERS OF SELF-CENTERED and secured multiplied thousands for missions and many missionaries for SERVICE the field, The business man could not have done the work, but he made At a summer conference some one it possible for another man to do it. spoke of the magnetic personality and the outstanding success of one of the In the year 1884 a Bible class leaders. teacher put his hand on the arm of a young Sunday-school superinten- "Yes," said a thoughtful man dent. "I'm glad to see you are a quietly, "I have noticed his success and have noted that it has been attained at the sacrifice of other men's success. He seems to have had no thought beyond his own

classes. He has kept the members of rosetted and looped, artistically them beyond the hour, and knocked draped, and gaily streamered.

the heart out of the work of the man The hat was presented as a "going who followed him. He has featured away hat" for the summer confer- his own work, but has done nothing ence trip and the application thereof in a big cooperative way to help was evident. The committee testi- others do theirs." fied that they had no difficulty in se- To constantly have a thought for curing the gifts and that practically the success of others; to make it pos- everyone to whom they mentioned it sible for some one who is about to immediately wanted to have part in fail to succeed; to help some one who the plan.

is doing good work to do better Here lies a suggestion for sending work; to lead into the work some one delegates from various organizations.

who has been on the outside: here is A bright little rhyme to accompany broader opportunity than unconsider- the presentation adds to the occasion.

ing, self-centered achievement of ONE WOMAN'S INFLUENCE one's own task alone. The day was done, and a woman HER GOING AWAY HAT tired and weary signed her name to Modes and Methods in Missionary the last note to be written as the clock struck twelve. "Another day Millinery • gone and what have I done?" she The members of the miSSIOnary said. society wanted their pastor's wife to go to the summer conference, but the She read over the two notes: "Dear Miss Blank: There comes to financing of the trip was the thing me so constantly the feeling that the that clouded their brow. nurses in our hospitals are so overcworked and that they have so little relaxation She was a fine missionary leader, but for years she had been giving from their constant association with a world of sickness and suffering that I freely out of her store with no iust long to snatch them away from it chance for training or for stimulating all for a little while into an entirely differassociation with other leaders and ent atmosphere which would put a new teachers. The summer conference song in their weary hearts and a new spring in their tired steps. I have enwith its rich program of methods gaged two seats for all the orchestra conand study would be just the thing for certs this season which I want to place her, but where was the money to at your disposal, as you are in charge of come from, and just how was it to the nurses. I cannot do the work they be. presented to her? are doing but perhaps this strain of music Then began much whispered dis- in their lives will help them to do it better." cussion and many mysterious references. Whenever "the hat" was men- She sealed this and then glanced tioned, people smiled a little knowing over the other note.

smile and stock in millinery straight- "Dear Pastor; I am sending you a line way became popular. to let you know that a little bird flew At the close of the next meeting past and whispered to me that my pastor of the society a delivery boy ap- and my pastor's wife were tired and needed a rest. This same little bird flew peared at the psychological moment on up to Poland Springs and engaged a with a huge hatbox addressed to the room for you for a month on the very pastor's wife, who was asked to come forward to receive it. When the spot you said you would choose of all spots for a vacation, and tells me that the bills are all paid in advance. It was a box was opened a straw hat, product blue bird, by the way, and I am sure if you follow its leading you will find of a five and ten cent store, was happiness and new strength." lifted out. Interest centered not in the shape but in the most startling Before she went to sleep, her trimming, eloquently suggestive of St. thoughts traveled back over the busy Patrick. Greenbacks were gracefully hours of the day. No great task had

been done. She had attended a meet- lips tightened, her eyes flashed the ing of the Orphan's Home Board and spirit of the conqueror. By sheer had succeeded in getting an assistant force of her will she seemed to hold for the superintendent. She had her patient back from the out-reach- gone by the hospital to make sure of ing arms of death. In defiance of the delivery of the victrola and the the doctor's sigh she continued her records the nurse had told her would ministrations, not submissively but be such a wonderful help. She had combatively, until, as the hours of lost time there because one of the the night broke before the coming young doctors looked so tired and of the dawn, the doctor whispered worn she had stolen him away for a exultingly: "You win!"

little ride in her automobile. As the patient breathed evenly and Then she had mailed to a mission- regularly he said, "I marvel at your ary friend in Japan a number of endurance and your unconquerable dainty little dresses which her own SpIrIt. You simply held this man little daughter had outgrown, and back from death to-night, after I had sent with them a batch of late gave up."

magazines. In the evening she had The eyes of the nurse became given a birthday party for one of the dreamy. "I would have given ~p deaconesses at the mother house. too if it had not been for the con- For years it had been her custom to cert. I was completely exhausted be hostess for the birthdays of the last night but to-day some one sent sisters, most of whom were far awav me a ticket for the concert. It was from their families. Then she had wonderful and it put new life and finished up with the dressmaker who spirit into my work. I just could not was working on a dress for her give up with that music in my heart."

friend. She thought of this friend **** as she went to bed, and prayed that A pastor came back to his wor!: God would speak through her His after a month's vacation with a ne,1:'

messages as she traveled through light in his eye and a new energy in the land addressing important meet- his planning. Throughout the parish ings. Several years ago she had pro- it was evident. New members were posed that she would become "Lady enrolled, and far reaching plans were of the Wardrobe" to do her friend's projected. The church officials were shopping and look after all the time- full of joy. Now he seemed to be consuming details, so that her full getting a masterful grip on the situa- time might be released for missionary tion. He had been very tired and service. his vacation had made a new man of She slipped out of bed to write yet him. A woman who could not do a another note to assure this friend of pastor's work had made it possible hers that she was following her for a pastor to do his work more schedule with prayer. Then she went efficiently. * At an orphan's* ho*me*a- superintento sleep, little dreaming of what she had done that day. * * * * dent was carrying out her dream of In the dim light of a hospital years to give more time to some of room a doctor and a nurse sat by a the things she counted most vital, but which had been impossible for lack patient's bed. . "We lose," whispered the doctor to of assistance. Now, with her new the nurse, as he admitted the hope- assistant, had come new hope and lessness of the long, hard fight by a new courage and dreams come true. sigh and sat down dejectedly by the – With grateful heart her thoughts turned to the woman who had made patient's bed. No relaxing was evident in the this possible. "If there is any ~uccess nurse's face. The lines about her in my work just about half of the

reward is hers, because her hearty a birthday and cared to celebrate it.

support and understanding sympathy The few hours of happy relaxation have made my work possible. had bound all of the guests closer * *** together and put a clearer note of A nurse rolled a victrola into the fellowship and joy in their work ward on Sunday morning. As the "Bless her," whispered one, "she soft strains of "Rock of Ages Cleft just seems to live to help other peo- for Me" came to each ear the drawn ple to live up to their best and to faces in the beds relaxed and an air do their work"

of peace pervaded the room. Then **** followed others of the old hymns, A missionary secretary faced an bringing blessing and assurance to invitation to address a great gather- those who listened. From room to ing. "No more this year," she said room the victrola was taken and in as she glanced at her suitcase, "I each it gave its message and accom- must go home for rest and repairs."

plished its work. "It is one of my Then there came a letter written at first and one of my last aids," said midnight.

the nurse. "It has helped many "I am following you with my back to health and has comforted prayers as you speak Then, my some in the valley of the shadow. dear, I am worldly-minded enough This dear, dear friend of mine litt~ to follow you with the new dress you knows how many hearts she has had fitted several weeks ago. Never 'reached through her gift nor how get it into your head that the Lord much easier she has made my work" can speak better through a woman * * A * who is carelessly dressed than through young d*octor patients one who is hooked uP. straight with met his with a fresh breath of air in his no buttons dangling. I know how lungs and a new light in his eye, little time you have to give to details, just because of a little spin around and I count it a real privilege to the beautiful driveway of the park. relieve you of as much care of your **** wardrobe as possible; and while I Over in Japan a woman unpacked cannot address the audiences you can, little dresses while a deep wave of yet I hope you can get in more meet- thanksgiving swept her heart. She ings than you could if you had to be hugged her little daughter impul- bothered with this shopping."

sively. "This means, precious, not At a meeting next day four young only that you can have these lovely people decided to give their lives to dresses, but that mother can go right missionary service and a gift of five on with the kindergarten work in- thousand dollars was secured for stead of having to stop to sew as the work.

she had planned. And these maga- "These are her -trophies," said the zines! We must begin right away speaker to herself, Hfor I could to divide them up among all the not have accepted this invitation nor missionaries who are so hungry for a host of others if she had not taken a sight of them. They will bring on her shoulders so many details of joy all along the line. I wonder jf shopping and planning for me."

that friend across the ocean knows **** that she makes it possible for me to The day was done. A woman do many things that could neyer have tired and weary fell asleep. What had been done but for her?" she done? No newspaper recorded **** any great achievement with flaring A deaconess had gone to her work headlines. No audience thronged with a new glow about her heart. around her in appreciation, yet she It made such a difference to know had made possible work which reached that some Qne actually remembered the ends of the earth.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J. Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Board· CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS A Letter to the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards ONCE more the Committee on ment and urged upon all Christian Christian Literature for Women teachers throughout the land, reads and Children in Mission Fields de- like a romance. By this method sires to lay before ·you its pressing thirty-nine characters are made to do need of funds to carry on its work. the work of the 5,000 or 6,000 which This Committee is one of the the most limited reading and writ- ing of Chinese has heretofore re- Standing Committees of the Federa- quired. With the pos3ibilities bound tion of Women's Boards. Its re- up in this new system, when the port for 1918 is included in the an- seven hundred thousand Ch.:_tians nual report of the Federation, which shall each say to his neighbor, may be secured from Miss M. H. "Know the Lord through the pnnted Leavis, West Medford, Mass. page," it is manifestly of the gr:::atest importance that books shall be pre- As a Committee, we have become p2recl for women and young people responsible in 1919 for several im- which shall give them pure Christian pOItant pieces of work, but mnd our- ideals. selves, at this date, with less than The Chinese Christian Literature $500 in our treasury. Council, of which Miss Laura M. May we ask that you will, at the White is a member, has asked the Woman's Committee to provide earliest opportunity, bring to your $1000 gold for this great new en- Executive Committees these requests, terprise. The Committee has guarand urge an immediate and generous anteed this sum. support of this appealing and evergrowing branch of foreign mission- 3. In Japan a new weekly news- paper for women has just been ary work? started under the auspices of the 1. The Committee has promised Christian Literature Society of Japan. Miss Bosanquet (Bo~zan­ $500 annually for the publishing ex- kay) in charge of this department penses of "Happy Childhood," the only Christian magazine for Chinese says: children. Through the generous and self-sacrificing efforts of Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, of Shanghai, the Committee is able to place this little "We shall be very glad if friends will illustrated magazine in the hands of help us to make the 'Ai No Hikari' about four thousand of the children (Light of Love) known and get it into of China, at the nominal cost of the factories and workshops. It will also twenty-five cents gold per year. But be found suitable for home use, for moth- ers' meetings and for farmer and fisher there are millions of children who people."

have no "Happy Childhood," and The Committee has assumed $300 we beg for funds to lengthen the as its yearly gift for this much- list of those who shall be gladdened needed new paper. Ten dollars wilt . by this messenger from Christ's peo- . place it for a year in the hands of ple. one thousand Japanese women, who Z. The story of the new alphabet perhaps have never had a glimpse of for China, endorsed by the Govern- such a life as Mary SJessor's, the 459

story of whose girlhood begins in the to learn the le'ssons of the war. A initial number, February, 1919. dozen new democracies have sprung A new magazine for English into existence over night. The new speaking students in India has been peoples eager for popular govern- already guaranteed under the super- ment, as a rule, are ill prepared for vision of Miss Flora Robinson and its exercise. A vast responsibility her sister Ruth of Isabella Thoburn rests upon missionary boards in the College, Lucknow. We have the first matter of education in democracy, $500 for this. A second will be especially as to the Christian basis needed before January 1, 1920. for democracy. One of the tasks is Other smaller undertakings, all the preparation of the 400,000,000 beneficial and all greatly needed, Chinese for self rule. There is an make a budget of approximately $3,- urgent call for books and trcatis.·'~ 000 to be financed during 1919. This· emanating from America which shall is a very conservative estimate, really deal' with this problem in a popular only a drop in the bucket needed to yet fundamental way.

assuage the thirst of the new Chris- 2. Along with the new political and tians in our mission fields. economic aspirations, there has come We ask therefore that you will re- a heart hunger to the nations. Their spond as soon as possible with a sub- time honored institutions are failing stantial appropriation from your to meet their deeper needs. Their Board for these most appealing ob- religions have not stood the test of jects, and that you will also try to modern conditions. In many lands, secure immediate gifts from inter- notably in China, we see a reaching ested friends, women's clubs, inter- out for the secret of vital Christian- denominational groups and summer ity. Multitudes who have never at- conferences. tended a mission chapel are in a Surely we cannot fail in this bit of mood to read a well written book in world rebuilding, nor refuse to share which the essential truths of our our riches of books and magazines religion are set forth.

with the newly awakened women 3. Synchronizing with this new and young people of lands brought … situation is a rapid increase in the near us by a world-war. reading public. Not in vain have the Please make checks payable to L. mission schools throughout the world V. North, Treasurer, Bradford Acad- been pouring out their thousands of emy, Bradford, Mass. graduates year by year. In countries Christian Literature leaflets and like Japan, the government has seen programs may be obtained from Miss to it that the people generally have M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., been taught to read. In India not for ten cents in stamps. less than a million new literates are Yours in Christian service, being produced by government and ALICE M. KYI,E, Chairman. mission schools every year. Are we L. V; NORTH, Treasurer. to create a thirst for knowledge and MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, then not supply the means for its Central Committee on United Study satisfaction? A particularly encour- of Foreign Missions. aging sign in the Far East is the THE NEXT STEP growing literacy of women. There By CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., are many opportunities now to reach the mothers in tqe homes by means Boston, Mass. of books, magazines, and leaflets.

Four considerations point to the Where this is impossible, Bible wo- ·expansion of the literature movement men and teachers can read good lit- as the next step in missionary strat- erature to eager groups of listeners egy. in the bazaar, the harem, and the 1. The world is awake and eager home.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

4. Back of all these conditions is in the matter of meeting this new de- the ineradii:able respect of the Orien- mand. That attractive little maga- tal for a book. In lands like China, zine for the children of ·China en- Arabia, and Turkey, a book is an titled "Happy Childhood," which has almost sacred object. The common come into being under the stimulus people have a respect for the printed of the Committee on Literature o'

page which finds no parallel in the the Federation of Woman's Boards, western world. The mere fact that is a happy augury of similar ventures a statement is made in prirrted form to be made in behalf of other Lands.

carries great weight with the Orien- It is proposed now that the Woman's tal mind. Boards shall help in the publication It is the consensus of the best mis- of a weekly newspaper for the wo- sionary opinion that the pushing of men of Japan. One of the most en- our literature department is a matter couraging events is the agreement of of the utmost urgency. The situa- the Woman's Literature Committee tion will brook no delay. We are to raise $1000 to cover the item in much farther behind in this line of the Literature budget for women and effort than in any other. In fact children drawn up by the Literature every other department, most of all Council of China.

evangelism, is being held back for Through such ventures as these it lack of adequate literature. is demonstrated that we are working It is also a matter of common con- along right lines in this effort. May sent that by far the larger part of I urge that the Woman's Boards our Christian literature should be should consider most earnestly in- produced on the cooperative basis. creasing their appropriations in order There will always be a demand for to meet the above responsibilities and denominational and board publica- that we may take advantage of the tions, but it is safe to say that fully unprecedented opportunity of our three-quarters of the literary output times?

may be produced more economically In my opinion this is clearly the and effectively through union agen- next step for us to take.

cies.

Fortunately during the years of the HELPING THE CHILDREN war the Boards have been organiz- An Address by ing union literature committees in MRS. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, Shang- Japan, Korea, China, Moslem Lands, and Latin America. The union or- hai, China ganization exists ready to our hand. In all these areas careful surveys Train up a child in the way he .should have been made so that we are in go and when he i.s old he wilt not depossession of data as a basis for poli- part from it.

And Jeous called a little child unto him and set him in the midst of them.

cies covering the whole range of lit- .In non-Christian lands the value erature. In the surveys special at- and importance of the child has not tention has been paid to the reach- yet been grasped. I fear that even in ing of the women and the children our missionary work we have not put through attractive picture books, the child in the midst. And yet if we story leaflets, magazines, and treatises are to capture these lands for the on domestic economy and the care of King of kings, we must have the chil- children, as well as by means of dren. Judging by the wealth of works dealing with the devotional literature published in America for life and the building of character. children and young people, the child May I express the satisfaction felt specialists must consider it a very by many who are interested in this important part of the child's life.

line of effort over the enterprise and At Christmas time in Toronto I was promptness of the Women's Boards struck as never before by the wealth

of literature prepared for children. the New Testament at least. Let us Several times I stood outside the prepare and distribute books teaching shop windows and gazed, then went the child truth, love, kindness and inside and gazed, and handled. the good-will. Then the world of the beautiful, attractive literature for our future will be safe fo'r democracy. children. Books for the tiny tots, We were told yesterday that a transbooks for young boys and girls, lator occupied a throne of power. books for the young people, who, I fear we have not been very quick to occupy those thrones. Standing with reluctant feet, Where the brook and river meet, For the Chinese child under ten years of age, we have almost no need no such guiding, books of poe- special literature prepared and pubtry, adventure, and travel. Authors, lished by the Christian Church. artists, and publishers all seem to combine to make the path of litera- We have also sadly neglected the ture a flowery one for our children, boy of teen age, with his many deand rightly it should be so. But sires waiting to be guided and inas I gazed and handled, I felt some- spired. what like the Psalmist, "My heart was hot within me; while I was mus- Before leaving China I obtained ing the fire kindled," and I thotlght the following figures from the China Continuation Com mit tee. (You of China and her millions of children, know, in China the "C. C. C." is the authority. We expect them to know of· India and Africa, and of the poor, everything and to tell us the truth, pitiful, little efforts we have made to especially in statistics.) In China supply the needs of childhood in we have one hundred millions of these lands. We have been thinking children under ten years of age, and of the man and forgetting the father another one hundred million under of the man. We have not put the twenty years of age. I have heard it child in the midst. Literature for stated that the population of China men is important, for women even doubles itself in eighty years. Here more so, for children most important. then is the real yellow peril if one exists. We talk much of making the world safe for democracy, whatever that Does it stagger us? It should not. phrase may mean. The boy of today The Good Shepherd said, "Feed My will be the man in ten or fifteen lambs." He also said, "Whatsoever years' time; the girl of today will be ye shall ask the Father in My name the mother in ten or fifteen years' He will give it to you." Surely, that time. It is a difficult task to alter promise is equal to any task. the finished product, especially when that finished product is a man. It is estimated we have 60,000 girls in our mission schools in China, also Why is it the -doors are open in a large number of girls in the Gov- China and other non-Christian lands? ernment schools, and a still larger There are doubtless many reasons, number of boys in mission and nonbut one obvious reason is that these mission schools. We have also 500,- lands are now dotted over with grad- 000 children under religious instrucuates from our mission schools, who tion every Sunday in China. I have are leaders of public opinion. If we hellrd many teachers in China behad paid still more attention to the moan the fact that the young people child and his needs in the past, per- are not acquiring the reading habit. haps there would have been no need Why? – Because they have so little to have discussed how to promote suitable reading matter. We have internationalism. thought much, and rightly so, of es- tablishing mission schools for the We hear of the value of the Bible children, but we have not thought and Christian literature in our work. enough of the desires and longings Let us see that every child in non- Christian lands possess a copy of

that are being born in the child's "Tell me who i~ this Jesus of wnom mind as he or she passes through the this paper speaks so often." Then, schools. like Philip, the apostle of old, she sat Thanks to the Committee on Chris- down and preached unto her Jesus. tian Literature for Women and Another official in Peking, ordering Children, wt: have a children's maga- the magazine for his family, wrote: zine in China. it had its birth dur- "The paper is a light for the children ing the war, but has nevertheless of China." reached a subscription list of 4,000 copies per month. When we think of We want to enlarge this magazine the number of children in China, we so as to meet the wide opportunities feel like exclaiming, "What is that awaiting it, and we also need help in among so many ?" We believe, how- distributing it. The extreme poverty ever, that each magazine has large of the people makes it difficult often audiences. It goes into all denomina- for them to buy it. If the children tions, to all parts of China; also it cannot afford to buy it we ought to finds its way into Burma, the Malay give it to them. States, and to Chinese in Canada and America. Let me quote from one or Yes, we need more literature for two letters from missionaries. From the Chinese child, and the Indian Kiangyin :' "I find it a valuable paper child, and the Korean child. We need to put "the child in the midst" for the young people"; from. Man- -realize his value as did the Savchuria, "We all enjoy the magazine iour-study his needs and then supimmensely, it supplies a long-felt ply them. We dare not put the chil~ want. All of us who work among dren into our mission schools, make the children are specially 'grateful"; them hungry, and then leave them. from Shanghai, "Not only to scholars in day and Sunday school does it A Chinese young woman, writing come as a delight and a much-coveted to me some weeks ago, sai~: possession, but also to the pastors and teachers and church members-all Our young people la,ck high ideals and love the paper." large visions. If they possess high ideals and large visions they will be more use- Reading broadens the outlook, en- ful to society and far more beneficial to lists the sympathy of the Eastern future generations. We want books for child, as it does that of our own chil- our young women, books for our children, dren. picture books for our little ones.

We also have a competition page Do you know how many picture in our magazine, in which the chil- books we have published by the misdren take great delight. A Band of sion presses in China for the little Kindness pledge has also proved very ones? I know of just one-not very popUlar, and many hundreds of Chi- attractive-but it has had a large nese children have signed this pledge sale-lOO,OOO,OOO children and one from all over China. Letters to the picture book! The mothers and editor from the children are often teachers in China do not need to received, showing the real interest the spend much time in turning over children take. I need hardly say that books trying to decide' which book books are one of the most valuable they will buy. I claim that books are evangelistic agents we have on the necessary for our children in nonmission field. A lady missionary was Christian lands, also that we have not visiting and teaching in the home of put this subject in the place it dethe late Yuan Shi Kai. She left a serves. We need more books, we copy of the children's magazine with need help for distributing the books. the ladies several times on her visits. One day one of the young wives of I plead for the child in China, in the palace called her aside and said: India, in Africa, in Korea, in Japan, that in our budgets, our confer- ences, our plans, we may place the child where the Saviour did-"in the midst."

fROM l1rANY

AFRICA countless government bulletins on New Ideals in Barot8e-Dand "Care of Infants," laws regulating child labor, etc. With all these helps BAROTSE-LAND Mission, Rho- infantile paralysis and other chil- . desia, under the care of the Paris dren's dise<rses are still a menace. Evangelical Society, has been se- In Egypt, however, a land of intense verely tested during the four and a heat, fiies, filth and ignorance, it is half years of war. No contributions small vronder that all manner of reached it from Belgium, Alsace or children's ailments are prevalent. Northern France, and nineteen work- , Mothers need to be taught that yearers were lost to the staff, either old babies cannot thrive on waterthrough illness, death or the call to melon and cucumbers. Eye diseases military service. Notwithstanding are common because of infected dust, these handicaps, ten new out-stations, so that few, even of the well-cared with schools, have been organized. for American babies escape entirely. The social and moral level of the If the appalling death rate among locality has risen very perceptibly. Egyptian babies is to be checked, The native chiefs have mapped out there must be a campaign of educaprogrammes of reform in marriage, tion for Egyptian mothers. This is education and temperance, and while one reason why the Nile Mission not always carried out by their pro- Press is starting a magazine for moters, the plans mark a new level Egyptian mothers. of aspiration. At a recent baptismal service the king addressed the people Communion Sunday in Elat A in an admirable manner, reminding LTHOUGH seven churches have grown out of the original church them that their task was not completed because they had been bap- at Elat, West Africa, the membertized, but that it was only begun, for ship of the present church is still temptations would assail them. over 4,000. The communion service Scriptures lor Africa is so large as to be almost unwieldy. Rev. W. C. Johnstone reports that THE British and Foreign Bible So- at the last communion service he ciety has published some part of baptized fifty-five babies and 225 the Scriptures in one hundred and adults. More than 300 were ex- thirty-seven African languages. These amined for membership. This is include the complete Bible in twenty- "just an average service in Elat!

two languages, and the complete New Testament in thirty-one more lan- Orume, an African Convert P guages. In the continent as a whole ERHAPS this little African boy understood as much theology as about eight hundred recognized languages are spoken, according to the Samuel did when he prayed the estimate of W. J. W. Roome, secre- prayer that influenced all his after tary of the Society for British East life: "Speak, Lord, for Thy servant Africa. heareth."

Orume, seven years old, is the son of an African chief, and was given Chnd Welfare Work for Egypt AMERICA has many forms of by his father to a missionary as a child welfare work, including present. He has been the subject of visiting nurses for the city slums, much prayer and training. Small bureaus of instruction for mothers, wonder then that he has made prog- laws guarding against infected milk, ress. One day he sought out the 464

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

missionary's wife to tell her that he walked 400 miles, bearing letters wished to follow Jesus. "What is from Dr. Moffat, and asked to be following Jesus?" "Doing only what put to work for Christ. Mr. Bailey pleases Him," said Orume. "But was obliged to tell them there was suppose you find it hard sometimes, no money for their support, but afwhat then?" "The Holy Spirit will ter praying over the matter, he sughelp me let sin alone," was the reply. gested that they go to three diff",rent "Do you know what sin is, Orume?" localities where chiefs had asked for "Oh, yes, doing things that make the teachers and promised to provide Lord's heart sore." them with food. Bravely they went. In 1916 Mr. Bailey completell the Orume's influence promises to be translation of the Gospel of John, very great as he grows up. which the Mbunda, Nkangala and Yauma can all understand. Casting in her All Six hundred miles stretch between AN old black heathen w:oman lay this lonely worker and the Atlantic in a hut so filthy that when the Coast of Africa, and not a missionmissionary went to see her she could ary in that distance. The American scarcely believe it contained a human Board station at Bihe is four hunbeing. The doorway was so low a dred miles northwest and other misdog could not enter without having sions are a two weeks' journey to the his back scraped. She was ill in south and east. body, but more ill in soul. "I asked you to come," she said, "because NORTH AMERICA your God answers prayer." After a few visits from the missionary and A Programme of Americanization the evangelist, light began to break, the Light that gives Life. She be- AN Inter-Racial Council has been came a new creature in spirit, though formed for the welfare of immirapidly nearing the close of her grants coming to our shores. Three earthly life. The last visit found her lines of work will be undertaken: fumbling with the filthy rag wound education in the English language about her head, fI:.om which she and the ideals and principles of finally extracted a shilling, and hand- America; industrial co-operation by ing it to the evangelist she said: "Go which the immigrant will be made to and give that to the missionary and feel at home and will be brought on tell him it is a thank-offering for the better terms with his employer; varjoy of salvation." ious groups will be brought into association with each other so that Angola and the South Africa General race jealousies may be lessened and devotion to America take its place i,1 Mission every life.

I N 1853, Livingstone passed through United Presbyterian. Portuguese West Africa; thirtyone years later F. S. Arnot passed Russian Orthodox Church Reorganized through and promised to send a missionary. Twenty-eight years after BEFORE the Revolution in Russia, that (in 1912) Rev. A. W. Bailey, the Russian Orthodox churches of the South Africa General Mission, in the United States were under the visited the Luchase country and direct control of the central authority found it still untouched with the in Petrograd. Since the Revolution Gospel. In July, 1914, he began the it has been a serious question just building of a small stick-and-c1ay what the Russian churches here were house of worship, and for the past to do. A solution of the problem five years has taught the Gospel in was reached Feb. 28 in a meeting that heathen center. In 1915 three in Cleveland, Ohio, of the representanative Christian men and their wives tives of more than two hundred Rlls- sian parishes who united to form an

organization under the above title. It the city, were sufficient to furnish was participated in by representatives twenty grains of these drugs daily of the Roumanian, Bulgarian, Alban- to 2,000 persons. Figuring the norian, Serbian and Syrian peoples whQ mal medicinal dose at one-sixth to are in communion with the Rus- one-fourth grain daily, the commissian branch of the Greek Orthodox sioner estimated that these sales Church. would supply 40,000 persons had it been administered medicinally, which Almosl all these churches are would seem to indicate that a large located in great industrial centers, proportion of the sales in the thirtyand exert an immeasurable influence three stores mentioned was m~. de to over a large portion of our foreign addicts. The New York City Compopulation. missioner of Correction, Dr. fames A. Hamilton, emphasizes the fact Congregationalist and Advance. that the drug habit is not confined to the poor, but extends to all strata A Jewish MissIon (Jonference of society. "It is an increasing men- ace to society," says Dr. Hamilton, THE Chicago Hebrew Mission has "and if allowed to continue un- arranged to hold its Annual checked, will ruin not only the in- Conference on behalf of Israel, al dividual but the nation as well." the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago May 20th to 23rd inclusive. Friend~ The Lutheran "Inner Missions" of Israel, who discern the signs oj the times, are asked to pray that THE Lutheran Church in America this Conference may be greatly is large. and powerful. Most blessed of God. For further infor- Christian people know more of their mation write Supt. 'Norman H. foreign work than of the work in the Camp, 1505 So. Sawyer Ave., Chi- United States. The term "Inner cago, Ill. Missions" is not generally familiar to those of other denominations. During January and February, the The idea of "inner missions" is to Chicago Hebrew Mission has con- re-establish the primitive ideal of ducted a systematic house to house Christianity, so that loving service distribution of tracts in three large to a needy will becomes the manifest Jewish districts of Chicago. One sign, wherever there is a Christian. tract in' English and one in Yid- The ideal is to have the entire memdish were left in each home, and bership of the Church in active servduring the two months a total of 86,- ice. 526 tracts were given out, in this way evangelizing approximately 200,000 The aim is to bring all men to people. The workers are now re-vis- Christ and the primary method is by iting this same territory with Bibles, the direct personal work of each Testaments and Gospels. Christian in ministering to the physi- cal, mental and spirituaJ needs of all Increase in Sale of Habit-Forming who are in want. The secondary method is by institutions to care for Drugs the homeless, the sick, the aged, the orphaned, and the needy of all THE Health Commissioner of New classes, and for the special training York City has been gathering of those engaged in such work. The information as to drug addicts, and care of the mind and body are subreports that in the month of Janu- ordinated to the care of the soul. ary last more cocaine was sold to And so the "Inner Mission" ,differs wholesalers in New York City than from Social Service. in all of 1918, and the February demand was so great that manufac- Lutheran home missions are conturers had to restrict their sales. ducted under a separate Board that The legal sales of morphine, cocaine and heroin in December, in thirtythree of the 2,600 drug stores in

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has for the immediate and ultimate years ago, "consists of about one aim the establishment of self-sup- hundred citizens who are actively porting churches, The Inner Mis- interested in the promotion of sion endeavor is a helper to the home moral and religious education in the missionary enterprise in compassing city of Malden." this aim. The school is interdenominational, The Inner Mission institutions of and by means of the hearty cooperthe Lutheran Ghurch comprise 64 ation of local talent with some of orphan's homes, 48 homes for the the faculty of Boston University a aged, 7 homes for defectives, 9 comprehensive curriculum has been deaconness' mother-houses, 50 hos- submitted for the following year, conpitals, 14 hospices, 9 immigrant and sisting of sixteen courses in all, dealseamen's missions, 11 miscellaNeous ing with Biblical, pedagogical, and institutions, and 13 Inner Mission social-service topics. The expenses societies and city missions; making are provided by far-sighted citizens, a total of 225 institutions and mis- and a small tuition fee of two dolsions with property worth over $14,- lars a semester. The. effectiveness 000,000, and an. endowment of nearly of this plan depends on the courses $2,000,000. During the past year and the teachers. There is danger about 100,000 persons were cared for that the teaching may omit the vital in these institutions. Christian truth.

ASoul TImber in United States Forests Fighting MormoniSlD on its own Ground N interesting proposition has re- cently come before the Presby- A RECENT issue of the Rsvn;:w terian Board of Home Missions. mentioned the dedication of the It is the proposal that" there should first Mormon church building to be be sent at least fifty industrial chap- erected in Brooklyn, New York, lains for the lumbermen of the one of the 335 propaganda centers Northwest. These chaplains would of the Latter Day Saints scattered have the same function in the in- over the country. Neutralizing dustrial army that the regular army agencies are not lacking, and one of chaplains have. They could be the these is the Utah Gospel Mission, connecting link between employer and employee, having access equally carried on by Rev. J. D. Nutting, to both, deal with all problems affecting the welfare of the men and, who resembles Mormon preachers in of course, be directly charged with so far as he accepts no salary. their religious oversight. In Washington, Oregon and Idaho at least Mr. Nutting proceeds on the theory 150,000 lumbermen are at work, and that only a traveling mission can probably 600,000 in the United reach the people of the outlying re- States as a whole. The missionary gions, and the work is therefore carproblem in this field calls for states- ried on by field missionaries who manship and thorough-going meas- cover the country in wagons not unures. like the old-time "prairie schooners." Evangelistic meetings are held in Organized Religious Education every settlement, ~upplemented. by personal visits to each home, where AN interesting community scheme the aim is to stimulate the daily use seems to have passed the experi- of the Bible, a copy of which is supmental stage, and bids fair to be fol- plied by the missionary. Through lowed elsewhere. The Malden personal interviews of this sort and (Massachusetts) Council of Reli- by means of anti-Mormon literature, gious Education, organized three the mission combats the Mormon propaganda in its own territory. In a single year no less than 14,000 calls

are made, 194 meetings held and "The Society of Independent Douk- 4,000 Bibles distributed. hobors, having learned of the mag- nificent and most praiseworthy re- Congregationalist and Advance. lief work conducted in Russia by the Society of Friends through your Negro Citizens In America Committee, does hereby with due humility enclose the sum of $1,264.50 FIFTY years ago only five per cent as a token of its appreciation of the of the Negroes could read and efforts of, and its willingness to co- operate with, this Society." write. Today seventy per cent are literate. Fifty years ago there were LATIN AMEIUCA but four colleges that admitted Ne- groes. Today there are 500 higher Cooperation In Seminaries institutions of learning in which the Negro is welcomed. Twenty millions UNION Theological Seminaries of dollars are invested in these are in prospect for Cuba, Porto schools, and an annual expenditure Rico, Chile and Brazil. Such a sem- of $13,600,000 is made for their up- inary is already in operation in keep and maintenance. Of this Mexico. The lack of a sufficient amount the Negroes raise $1,500,000. number of students in anyone de- Fifty years ago there were no public nomination to support a seminary, as schools for Negro children. Today well as the inability of any denomina- there are 1,750,000 colored boys and tion to supply enough teachers for girls in the public schools. Fifty a faculty, make the union seminary years ago there were 550 Negro the most practical and obvious form churches with about 55,000 com- of interdenominational cooperation. municants and church property to The one being organized in Brazil is the value of approximately $1,000,- to be maintained by Presbyterians, 000. Today there are 40,000 both North and South; Congrega- churches, with more than 4,000,000 tionalists, and Methodists. communicants, and with property valued at about $70,000,000. These Central America is also to exper- churches are raising annually about ience the results of cooperation. $200,000 for home missions and Methodists, Baptists and Presbyter- more than $100,000 for foreign mis- ians have divided the responsibility sions. for the six republics, including Pan- ama. Home Mission schools have been the key to this upward progress. Porto lUc~-a Mission Laboratory Sunday School Times. THE United States Government and missionaries have been at Doukhobor Help for Russia work in Porto Rico twenty years, THE Doukhobors in Canada have and great things have been accom- plished. " furnished an example of Christian good will at work, which is Everywhere schools have sprung worthy of notice. They have offered up, and they now have nearly 200,- to give large tracts of their land to 000 pupils. Both Spanish and Eng- returned soldiers, who are unable to lish are used in these schools. Many find work in cities; and in many cases of the pupils have already become the women' have volunteered to work teachers or have entered important in the fields in order to make up the professional work. Porto Ricans loss in the family income through have attained self-government, and this turning over the land. The the first vote taken was on prohibi- Doukhobors, being a non-resistant tion. They proved their far-seeing sect, have been interested in the work wisdom by giving an overwhelming of the Friends Service Committee, majority in favor of the measure. and have sent the following letter to the Russian section of the Committee: Best of all, the United States has

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established freedom of religion. five different schools sent represent- Protestantism has already gained atives. Rev. George P. Howard, 15,000 members, representing a very Field Secretary for South America, large number of families, and exert- writes of Sunday-school equipment ing an influence disproportionately as follows: great. Medical missions, Christian "I found that there were no prop- education, and evangelism have gone erly organized kindergartJ!11 classes hand in hand. in any of the Sao Paulo Sunday- The American MissiotUlry. schools.. In none of their schools had they ever used a sand table, so I Pagan Argentina made up my mind that they would REV. J. L. HART, missionary to have a demonstration of how it was Argentina, was one day talking done. We got a table and sand, also a with some cultured women about the class of little children, and in one of Bible. "Oh," said one, "I once had the Presbyterian churches we had a that Book. It is of the devil for it kindergarten institute. There and then made my husband's horse run away, ten different Sunday-schools gave me throwing him out of the buggy and orders for the Beginners' Spanish nearly killing hiin. I at once burned Graded lessons which we have been producing in provisional form in Arit."- "Well," said Mr. Hart, "that is gentina. Naturally, in Brazil they very interesting. How did it hap- need this material in Portuguese, but rather than wait until they were pub~ pen?" In reply she said, "The day after lished in their own language they the accident I went to confession preferred to begin immediately, workand on telling the priest what had ing out the lessons from the Spanish happened he asked me if I had not text."

bought a book called the Bible from a man who had been going from War's Effect on Ch:Ilean Missions T house to house selling them a few HE Chile mission of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., has four days before. I told him that I had. He said the book caused the acci- principal stations-at Santiago, Val- 'paraiso, Taltal and Concepcion. The dent and advised me to burn it." A man bought a Bible while sick working force consists of twentyin the hospital. I went to see him three American missionaries, men and was trying to explain what the and women; and sixty helpers, com- Book was. A nun came along and prising ordained Chileans, teachers, on seeing the Bible flew into a rage Bible women, etc. In the sixteen and cried out, "Don't read that here- organized churches and thirty-five tical book. It speaks against the preaching places there is a -communiholy virgin." Said Mr. Hart, "You cant membership of 1,023. Sundayare quite mistaken." Opening the school pupils riumber 2,637, and the. Bible at the first chapter of Luke he pupils in day-schools of all gradeSc asked her to read. She did so, and are 1,083.

with some embarrassment, said, "Oh, This thriving mission feels keenly I thought it was the Protestant the changed financial conditions due- Bible." Then turning to him who had to the war. The .Chilean peso, for- bought the Book she said, "It is all merly worth sixteen cents, American right, you may read it." gold, is now worth thirty-six cents; Home and Foreign Fields. but the man who formerly received'

1,100 pesos as his monthly wage, now Sunday Schools in Brazil receives 450. At the same time prices THE Sunday School Association have not decreased, but have re- of Brazil held its annual conven- mained the same for local products,. tionat Sao Paulo, to which thirty- while the prices of all imported ar..,

tides has mcreased 25, 50, 100 and until, at last, the pureness of it, his even 200 per cent. bearing as a citizen and a father, and the heartiness with which he con- Many of the congregations for ducted family worship, ended by imlack of money cannot dress as de- pressing upon me that 1 ought to conceRtiy as formerly, and have ceased fess the Chtistian faith. This 1 ::tid to appear at the services. The poor- one night before all the family, in the est Chilean boy could not be per- midst of thanksgiving to God. suaded to come to the Sunday-school bare-foot, nor a girl who could Rot "Only the evangelical religion has muster what she considered a fitting power enougb. to inspire men with a headdress for her station. Some are love for work, a life of faith, acts of sufficiently sensible to come bare- honor, fufilment of duty, respect for headed, but they are few. laws and, alilove all, with the virtue of sacrificing self for an ideal, a The New Era. virtue so much needed in Peru."

A WIde Open Door South America.

THE administration of the Uni- EllROPE versity of Montevideo, Uruguay, the leading University of South All American Opportunity in Eur6pe America,is reported to have issued a decree making Bible study part of the I N the French Colonies there are regular curriculum. Senor Vigil, di- 50,000,000 inhabitants who are still rector of a review with a weekly wa,iting for the Gospel. And in circulation of 100,000, frequently France alone there are 20,000,000 to urges the public to buy Gospels or 25,000,000 people who are not affili- New Testaments. ated with a,ny church, but, after four years of war, are open-minded and Conversion or a Peruvian responsive to religilm.

THE following extracts are taken The door is wide open.but as the from the story of a Peruvian's Protestant missionary societies of conversion to eVaFlgelical Christianity: Great Britain and America are not in a position to occupy these fields, the "Having been cradled in the Ro- work can be done most effectively man tatholic faith, which is man's through French societies. religion and not Christ's, .1 was in the nature of things enshrouded in During the war the French misthe darkness of fanaticism, indiffer- sionary societies were sustained by ent to the most important, practically special gifts, Itut their financial conan atheist; for no one believes less in dition is now so seriously crippled God than the Roman Catholic. that the work cannot be carried on without outside support. To meet "One day, by chance, 1 heard a this need, there has been formed an Gospel sermon,. in Echaurren Square, international and interdenominational itt Valparaiso, preached in such a Committee for Christian Relief in manner and upon such real, living France and Belgium," with headquartopics, that 1 was deeply stirred. ters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New Later I went to the town of Ayaviri, York, which is supporting and cowhere 1 met a Christian of the most operating with every Protestant orkmdly simplicity of character, and ganization in France and Belgium. soon became persuaded that one does The director is Mr. George O. Tamnot always find the truth he is in blyn, the treasurer, Mr. Alfred R. search of in heated debates, but often Kimball. Mr. Charles S. Ward, of in the gentle form of a sincere con- the Red Cross, United War Work versation. So it was our talks usually and other national fund campaigns is turned to religion, but more than all advisor. else, Senor Sartagena's life at close sight was a constant sermon to me, The Committee has mapped out a program of work that prevents over-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lapping or duplicating the efforts of the laundries of Madrid. Women other bodies in the work of rehabili- bring their household washing to tation and reconstructi@n. Protestant these places on Sundays as on other churches in the devastated areas must days. While they work, the evan- be rebuilt, congregations reassembled gelists read and explain to them such and temporarily succored, pastors parables as that of the Prodigal Son.

must be supported for a time, homes, The women have been so interested orphanages and asylums must be con- and delighted with their religious in- structed, and both home and foreign struction that they have attempted missions must be supported and to give money to the evangelists.

strengthened. Chaplain Daniel Couve which of course has been refused.

has pointed out that the industrial "No one ever told us such good news fJopulations of Northern France have before," they say. .

been exceedingly responsive to evan- Record of Christian Wark.

gelical efforts among them, and that the present offers a rare opportunity. The MiiUer Orphanages at Brfstol After a careful survey the Com- I N spite of the war, the work mittee announces that $3,000,000 is founded by the late George Miilneeded to accomplish tkis great work, ler of Bristol, England, 82 years and a campaign to raise this sum has ago, has been even more generously been started among the Protestant supported than in past years. It is churches of the United States. As a "faith work" for whick no dipart of the money-raising campaign, rect appeals are made. Last year there were 2,000 orphans cared for Sunday, June 1, has been named Me- in the Ashley Down Homes, rangmorial Day for France and Belgium ing from four to sixteen years of in the Protestant churches of this age, and the total amount received country, and appeals have gone forth to pastors to take special collections for all the work was £17,000 or for the cr' ie. nearly £3,000 more than the previous year. The Homes are conducted on Another Door of Opportunity a non-sectarian but a strictly Chris- A DELEGATION of Georgians. tian basis. No children of legitimate which went to Paris to present birth, mentally sound, in destitute their claims for recognition and pro- circumstances and bereft of both tection at the hands of the Peace parents, are refused admission. Conference, heard of Dr. James L. In addition to the orphanages Barton's presence in the city' and there are conducted Bible, tract and sought an interview with him to ask missionary enterprises at home and that missionary work be undertaken. abroad. All of the work has been in their country. The Georgians in- richly blessed under the direction of habit the country east of the Black Wm. M. Bergin the director. The Sea and have their capital at Tiflis. faithfulness of God has been abun- They number about three million dantly manifested. and are nominally Christian, but in reality, wild, superstitious, half pagan. Protestants in Alsace-Lorrafne Their spokesmen in Paris were DR. RUBEN SAILLENS says deeply in earnest, saying they had that Alsace-Lorraine will bring watched American missionary effort over to France a Protestant populain Turkey and Armenia, and would tion of about 500,000 people-pracdo all in their power to facilitate such tically as many as there are now work among their own people. in France. This means, as Dr: Sail- The "Good News" for Spanish Women lens adds, that there will in all prob- TWO Spanish evangelists have ability soon be open doors for a been teaching and preaching in French evangelist in that country.

MOSLEM LANDS grounds have been occupied by the Turks as a military hospital and Tnrkish Governor Hung for Armenian orphanage; student income has been reduced to nothing; eight of the Massacres teachers, all Armenians, were killed and three more are dead, while four- 17EMAL BEY, governor of Diar-. teen others have been in military :… bker, has been publicly hanged service. The endowment of $130,- in Stamboul, as one of those re- 000 is still intact, and there is every sponsible for Armenian deportations reason to expect a large attendance and massacres in the Yozghad dis- of students, Armenians, Greeks and trict. The trial by the Turks of Russians, as soon as the buildings those responsible for Armenian mas- can be made ready to receive them. sacres was begun in February at Constantinople. Kemal Bey was former Turkish Minister of Food.

Relief In the Oancasus The Old Order Ohanglng REV. WALTER N. JAMES, a SAID an old Mohammedan Sheikh member of the American Com- not long ago to the head of a mittee for Relief in the Near East, mission school for girls in Alexan- has sent the following report from dria: "We do not wish to have our Erivan: dau~hters stay in school very lang." A young Egyptian lad, who over- "I am surprised to find so many heard, quickly rejoined: "No, that is Armenians here south of the Cau- past. Our country can never be casus Mountains. The race is very great until our women are educated." far from becoming extinct and we Contact with western nations and find them here in all conditions. missionary homes has given many a They range f rom the Turkish sub- young Mohammedan a new ideal of ject, bearing the marks of that civili- companionship which only an eduzation,· to the Russianized Armenian cated wife can satisfy. Many Perwho snaps his finger at the Sultan. sian mothers of today speak of their daughters with pride, and are keenly "The refugees are in sorry plight, interested in their progress. The but their condition is mitigated 100 Moslem ladies of India are so much per cent by the efforts of the com- in earnest in their desire for admittee. .There are 3,000 people em- vancement that 400 of their leaders ployed by the Americans, not to met in Lahore last year to discuslS speak of the 16,000 orphans reached, their problems. Even among nonbesides others helped by direct char- Christians, the elements of Chrisity. Wool and cotton are bought tianity are manifesting their influand every process from the sheep's ence. back and field to the finished garment is carried on· by the refugees; France and Her Moslem Subjects carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, tailoring, until clothi1}g is provided A STRIKING development of refor all and occupation for thousands cent times is seen in the in·· who would otherwise be beggars. creased intelligence and sympathy on Longfellow's 'Evangeline' is not one- the part of the French colonial adhundredth part sad ~nough to de- ministration in Africa. Governor scribe what one sees and feels each General Panty, who fell in the war, day. The great consolation is that created a tradition of keeping the so many are being helped." administrative authority in close touch with the people, giving each United Presbyterian. race its rightful opportunity of devel- opment. He was insistent upon AnatoUa OoUege after the War not allowing Moslem chiefs authority to Moslemize their pagan subjects. AN ATOLIA College, Mimovan, Turkey, is war-wrecked for the time being. All the buildings and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

During his' governorship he abol- James M. Taylor in British Baluch- ished cannibalism, ritual murder, le- istan, the brother of the Khan of gal suicide, and that deep-rooted Ke1at, the largest native state in Moslem institution, domestic slavery. Baluchistan, sat near the speaker.

These reforms were not merely car- Next to him was one of the wealthi- ried through with characteristic force est wholesale merchants. Other men and efficiency, but they were effected of position and culture were present.

with the most scrupulous considera- The message so took hold of them tion for Af'rican prejudices and that they secured the largest hall in ideals. The impartial distribution of Quetta for Dr. Taylor's next meet- war allowances in Algeria has also ing. One Khan was so impressed done much to consolidate native loy- that he invited the speaker to come alty. The knowledge that the Mo- to his khanate and bring a mission- hammedan wife and widow receives ary with him for permanent work, her allowances on exactly the same offering to give of his means to for- terms as the Frenchwoman has done ward the mission. All this is the much to increase self-respect and more remarkable in that these people intensify the consciousness of suf- are bigoted Mohammedans. Noth- fering for a common cause. ing' of this sort has ever happened before in Baluchistan.

INDIA Record of Christian Work.

Christian Ethics of Non-Christians MANY in India, even though they Salvationists In India are not ready to accept Christ as Master, are ready to acknowledge THE Salvation Army in India had, His ethics as the only hope of social in 1909, 100 European workers salvation. The Indian Social Reform and 2,000 native missionaries in some Advocate, though making no profes- 2,000 villages. In 1918, the number sion of Christianity, had this to say had risen to 280 Europeans and 3,236 Indians at work in 3,059 centers. in a recent article: The Army has imported silkworm "Christ won for humanity by His eggs from China which have given life and His death a deathless ideal- good results in various parts of India. ism combined with mysticism, which has issued in real and practical ac- Its agents have visited some of the tivities in the world of men, transforming it . . . the· very opposite principal silk centers in China, Japan, of the world principle of domination Korea, Manchuria and French Tonof men by men, of exploitation of the quin, and from their investigations weak by the s.trong. . . . It is the are convinced that India could easily disregard of the principles of love become one of the great silk-produc- ing countries of the world. They are working towards a rehabilitation and truth in Christ that has turned of two of India's greatest cottage the world to-day into a huge slaugh- industries,-silk growing and weavter-house. And. . . in the inter- ing. course between man and man, and class and class, and nation and nation Christian Journalism in Western India M it will be the application of the prin- ORE and more, India is be- coming a reading country. Newsciples of Christ which alone can save, help, and advance mankind, and papers have mUltiplied during the bring peace where there is strife, and war, and a broadening interest in life and joy where there are death world affairs has developed among ana s.orrow." all classes. Probably there is no more influential missionary instru- ANew Order in Baluchistan mentality in Western India than the AT the first of a series of evan- Christian newspaper, Dnyanodaya, gelistic meetings held by Dr. which means "Dawn of Knowledge."

It was founded 77 years ago by nearly 1,400 boys on its roll. Rev. American Board missionaries, and al- C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe is the enterthough many other such· journals prising and original head of the have been started and passed into School. His one aim is to train his oblivion, this one has continued and boys to become strong, courageous enlarged its service. The paper has and healthy in body and soul, and it two pages in English and six in was from his observations of. the Marathi, the latter edited by Mr. N. working of this .High School that. Tilak, an eminent patriot and man of General Baden Powell derived his literary attainment. The paper has idea of the Boy Scouts. Last year just entered upon a new career, and both staff and pupils distinguished from January, 1919, five missions, themselves in social service, even prerepresenting four denominations- venting a local food famine, which English, Scotch and American-will profiteering bakers attempted to enunite in its support and control. gineer.

Christianity in a Hindu Setting Most Indian boys are averse to athl~tics, and seldom learn to swim NOT long before his death Mr. except under compulsion. Accord- Howard A. Walter had a long ingly, extra fees are charged to nontalk with a leading Indian Christian, swimmers. Another odd difference one who, more than. most Indian in Indian boys is revealed in one of Christians, is in touch with Moslem the School regulations: "In order to and Hindu leaders, political and stop early marriages, we charge otherwise. This man said he was double fees to every boy who marries constantly surprised to learn how before the age of eighteen." many of these men are admitting that the future of India, religiously, can- The School Crest consists of two not lie with the ancient Vedas, nor paddles, one heart shaped to symbolwith any phase or school of Hindu- ize kindness, the other strength; and ism; but that the one Figure in the crossed to signify· the sacrifice of religious world Who can possibly Him who taught self-sacrifice. serve as a unifying, uplifting, progressive, inspiring· force, around Bible Society Record. Whom all creeds and races can ultimately gather, is Jesus Christ. CHINA One of the men to whom this The Way Open in Tibet Indian Christian probably referredthe editor of The Indian Social Re- THE last obstacle in the way of former-told Mr. Walter that he and missionary entrance t6 Tibet has others of his friends read the New been removed. Officials are inviting Testament every day. He asserted missionaries to come, and the others his belief that the best in all religions put no hindrance in the way. It is to be found in the Christian faith is without doubt the most difficult which, he said, he and his friends field in the world. There will be must interpret in the light of Hindu months and years of unending study rather than of Jewish metaphysic; of an intricate language. There will and he volunteered the suggestion be the cold indifference of centuries that possibly India may evolve a new of passive Buddhism. There will be type of Christianity, possessing an the imbedded suspicion of all for- Oriental character. eigners. There will be the blighting influence of hundreds and thousands Boy SooufB in the Panjab of Buddhist priests. There will be the very instincts of the people them- THE C. M. S. High School at selves for religion, but a religion Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, without a moral uplift and entirely is a remarkable institution, with without the idea of a divine Saviour. Tibet is a belated nation, without a railroad, without street cars or

NEWS FRO,M MANY LANDS 4~5

electricity, so far as is known even man. His name shall be fubliShed in the without an automobile. Mo good newspapers so that he wi! not be able to roads, no modern cities. Not a find employment elsewhere. church, nor a sCRool, nor a hospital except at Batang on the eastern bor- 3. If a wealthy man be discovered dealder. Everything that stands for ing in opium his name shall be given to progress is yet to be done in Tibet. the elder of his family with the request To those who go, there will be no that he be cast out from the family (one romance, but if they have faith and of the greatest of disgraces) and he shall, vision they can look forward to see- without mercy, be opposed by all as an ing within the next quarter of a cen- alien. tury a host of Christian churches, scattered throughout that land. 4. Landlords shall not rent their houses to opium dealers. If they do they will be Amurlcan "Cnrlos" dealt with as if they were opium dealers themselves. A TABLE set for dinner or a 5. If damage is done to opium dealers , baby's bed and bath scarcely seem and their properties the Chambers of Comlike keys .to the Gospel story, yet merce ,shall refuse to grant compensation. such things prove an effective means of reaching the hearts and minds of More about the Brewer. In ChIna Chinese women. All sorts of foreign articles are used in some mission THE International Reform Bureau station "exhibits," the Chinese wo- has received protests from pracman's native curiosity being made use tically all American mission stations of to bring her within sound of the in China, signed by missionaries and Gospel. native workeJ;s, asking that our De- partment of State proclaim a ruling As the women come in they are that no American shall make or sell welcomed with friendliness and cour- beer in China after national prohibitesy, little addresses are given as they tion goes into effect in the United rest, setting forth the gospel in the States. Through lectures and literasimplest way, the foreign curiosities ture, extensive efforts are also being are explained, invitations to Chris- made to arouse the provinces of tian worship are given out. So con- China, first to prohibit the erection tact is established, and a hope of fu- of breweries and distilleries; and ture opportunities of teaching. second to prohibit the making and selling of all intoxicants. Death to the Opium Syndicate A Valuable Donkey THE Chinese miRd has a direct- ness which merits emulation. In SOME years ago a ClIinese farmer order to insure discouragement of was confronted with the difficult any attempt to reopen the traffic in l'roblem of securing a donkey withopium, so ruggedly dealt with by out any funds. He had a number of the recent burning episode in Shang- children, but no money, and without hai, the following measures were de- the donkey's assistance in cultivating termined upon in the four provinces his bit of land, he could not feed his of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang and children. After much seriousthought Hupeb, where it was proposed to re- he concluded that a donkey would commence the sale of opium: serve his purpose more effectively than anyone of his children; and 1. If the opium dealer be a shopkeeper therefore sold a son as a means of all the banks and money shops shall re- 'supporting the others. Not long fuse to have anything to do with him in afterward the son was rescued from money matters so that he will have to a life of slavery and placed in a misclose his shop for lack of funds and sionary institution, and quite recently banking iJacilities. a visiting missionary was addressing the student body of a large Chinese Z. If an employee of a shop deals in school through an interpreter. The opium the shopkeeper shall dismiss the accuracy and alertness of this inter- preter won the admiration of the

speaker and he inquired into the better foundation in Bible training- young man's history. He was none is invariably the result.

other than the boy who had been ex- changed for a donkey, grown into A Study in Church-Going T manhood and beginning a career of OO many American husbands. have to be coaxed by their wives usefulness in his community.

into church attendance, but here is a A Long Wait case where a wife could not drag her "RULLO! I have been waiting husband out of church. The incident twenty years to hear this," said is related by a missionary at Nanking, an old grey-bearded Chinaman to a China. For six years a Christian colporteur in Honan. convert in Gu Yung labored with his "Twenty years ago I bought this three brothers, all gamblers and idol- book," said he, pulling a well-worn ators. 'Finally one brother accepted copy of Dr. Griffith John's "Gate of Christianity, but his wife was infuri- Virtue and Wisdom" from the folds ated, rightly inferring that his con- of his garment, "and I have been version would end her life of lux- waiting ever since to know more .ury. She wept, coaxed and cursed.

about it." The speaker was 84 years Her husband continued to attend old, hale and hearty. He and the church services. At last she pursued colporteur were soon in earnest con- hi~ to the church door, seized him versation, and as he listened, light by the belt, screaming wildly that he came to the old man. He was bap- should not enter. Slipping out of the tized and for over two years endured belt, the undaunted husband took his the persecution of his eldest son, a place in the church, the wife rushing man over 60, whom the old man still after him shrieking curses. Two spoke of as "his little child." Last Bible women quieted her and later year he passed peacefully away, re- took her to dinner, when they ex- joicing in Christ Jesus as his Saviour. plained some of the meaning of Home and Foreign Field. Christianity. The happy ending to the story is that the woman gave her Sunday Rest in Chlna husband no further trouble and now I T is noteworthy that the observ- attends church with him. ance of the Sabbath as a day of New Era Magazine.

rest is gaining ground among the Chinese. Christian employers are "Sleeve Editions" of ChInese Bible Helps showing more willingness to make "SLEEVE editions" of Bible helps such arrangement as will relieve their in Chinese are being prepared workers from Sunday labor, and by Dr. Henry C. Hallock of Shang- the physical blessings of such a day hai. His new books-a brief diction- of rest are beginning to be apparent ary of the Chinese Bible, an abridged to all. Naturally, many difficulties concOrdance and a topical text book present themselves in an endeavor to -will not take the place of larger make Sunday rest applicable in all works, but are to be convenient little cases. Christian boatmen, for in- volumes, about the size of a small stance. cannot insist that those who New Testament, with soft cloth cov- hire their boats give up their jour- ers and printed on thin paper, which ney for a reason quite beyond their can be carried' easily on a journey, understanding, and the only recourse and which will be published at so is a change of occupation for the cheap a price that they will he ob- boatmen. Insistence upon the Fourth tainable by even the poorest. As the Commandment makes entrance to the Chinese use their large sleeves in Church more difficult, and some mis- place of pockets, they are called sionaries deal leniently with it; but "sleeve editions."

where adherence is made a test, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.JAPAN-cIlOSEN all Christian activities-educational, medical, social and evangelistic. 'Creating an Atmosphere for Japanese Some Korean Tithers Visitors THE Haiju Tithing Society of Ko- A NUMBER of Japanese Com- rea is more spiritual than finan- cial, for the emphasis is laid upon , missions are visiting America the spiritual blessings accruing to the to study methods and conditions conscientious tither; A unique char- acteristic of this organization, is that along various lines. These alert visit- it collects no funds for distribution, but allows every man the priVilege of ·ors are .taking note of the forward using his tithe as under God's direc- tion he thinks best. Thus the giver's reconstruction movements in business, direct responsibility to God is im- planted in his thinking, and the soeducational and religious fields, and ciety steers clear of all controversy and eliminates all discussion of how upon their return will become propa- the society's funds are to be dis- tributed to best advantage. Every gandists of the best things they have prominent man, every paid worker seen. American Sunday-school lead- and every leader is in this organiza- tion. ers have not been neglecting this Korea Mission Field. o()pportunity, and have seen to it that ISLANDS OF THE SEA the visitors have come into contact Bibles and Soldiers with Christian business men in each THE Bible in Polynesia is a faccity visited. They have been shown tor in the security and freedom of the world. In a New Zealand the best things in civic life, and paper appeared an account of a parade of Rarotongan troops: Christian homes have been opened "Steadily they marched, in perfect to them. ' step, heads up, knee to knee, and with arms swung in regulation style. Two members of the House of "A sturdy lot, well fed, well Peers have been among these visitors, trained, and well looked after, proud of their uniform, proud of their o()ne of them being Baron Megota and officers, and trebly proud of the servthe other Mr. K. Uchida. Both are ice to which they belong, they seem keenly interested in promoting the to epitomise the influence of ¢e grand old army. World Sunday School Convention "As they jauntily tramp past we in Japan in 1920. notice that each dusky hand clasps, not the accustomed rifle, but a book. Japan and Democracy It is their Bible, for this is church parade." D R. Sherwood Eddy is half way on a journey around the world, It is not the chief end of mission~ holding meetings for students in ary societies to make good soldiers, Japan, China, India and other lands. but when the Bible-trained Rarotong- This affords an excellent opportunity ans were called to help make nations for observing conditions which are free, it was found they were better the outcome of the war in those soldiers than some others, because lands. Japan, says Dr. Eddy, has they were better men. had a development parallel to that of Prussia. Both were expanding nations, both were organized under militarism and upon materialism. But the failure, of German militarism has pointed out the certain failure of Japanese autocratic rule, if persistently maintained; and the increasing liberty of press and speech in Japan proclaims an advance toward democracy. "If America, to which the eyes of the Japanese are turned, can live up to the ideals of brotherhood which she professes. the issue will be decided for democracy and Christianity," writes Dr. Eddy. The great need is for a strengthening of

OBITUARY NOTES education and social betterment. But he was above all a messenger of the Bishop Bashford of Cbina Gospel of Christ.

BISHOP JAMESW.BASHFORD The people of Rabat and the tribes died at a sanitarium near Los for many miles around feel that they Angeles on March 18. Bishop Bash- have lost a beloved friend and minisford was ordained to the Methodist ter by the death of Dr. Kerr. The Episcopal ministry in 1878 and served Khalifa of Rabat wrote of his deep as pastor in various churches until grief over the loss of "our pre- 1889, when he was chosen President cious doctor." Dr. Kerr's son, who is of the Ohio Wesleyan University. also a p.hysician, expects when his Since 1906 Bishop Bashford has war work is completed, to take up been actively engaged in missionary his father's mission. work in China. William Albert Briggs of Slam Rev. W. P. Sprague or ChIna ON February 24, William Albert REV. WILLIAM P. SPRAGUE Briggs, M. D., an honored and of Kalgan, China, died on Feb- efficient missionary of the Presbyruary 9, 1919, at Shortsville, New terian Church and founder of the York. Dr. Sprague went to China Overbrook Hospital at Chiengrai, in 1874, as a missionary of the Amer- Siam, died in the General Hospital ican Board to the Mongols. From of Vancouver, B. C. Dr. Briggs was that work he was transferred to a native of Canada, having been born China, and served a period of in Toronto, March 1, 1867, a son of thirty-five years in helping to extend Dr. William Briggs, the publisher. the Kingdom of God on both sides He retained his British citizenship, of the Great Wall. although his medical training was re- ceived in New York. He was ap- Dr. Robert Kerr or )l01'OlCC0 pointed a foreign missionary under the Presbyterian Board in 1890 and FOR thirty years Robert Kerr assigned to Laos, northern Siam; lived in Morocco as a missionary and in 1897 was commissioned to physician, healing the siq.: and preach- break new ground at Chiengrai, ing the Kingdom of God. When he went to Robat, there was not one characterized by Dr. Arthur J. Christian missionary in central or southern Morocco. Me lived a busy Brown as "one of the most isolated life and healed over 2,000 sufferers stations in the world." The small in the course of his ministry. He and poorly equipped plant with also preached the Gospel faithfully which Dr. Briggs began broadened and wrote much on Morocco and the into the Overbrook Hospital, where Moors. The wild tribesmen of Beni thousands were healed both with Hassan, Zenior, Ziarr and El Arab medicine and the Gospel. During the counted him their friend and often war Dr. Briggs rendered such incrowded into the patio of Dar Zabeeb, valuable aid to his government that listening to his stories and asking the British Consul General in Bangfor his medicine. Moors and Jews kok wrote him a letter of warm apboth consulted him. preciation; and as he lay on his death bed three English Army Offi- Moreover, Dr.Kerr acted as a judge cers invested him with the gold in many disputes and as a peacemaker badge of "Officer of the Most Excelin settling quarrels and incipient wars. lent Order of the British Empire." He insisted on justice and his de- Dr. Briggs lost one of two sons in cisions were accepted as right. Dr. the fighting in France. Mr. S. Ed- Kerr also took an interest in farm- gar Briggs, a brother, is manager of ing, in animal ann bird liff' and in Fleming H. Revell Company.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

~ Hudson Taylor and the China Inland liefs and characteristics. This in- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. How- formation would have given a clear- ard Taylor. Illustrated. 8vo. er picture of the setting in which the 640 pp. 9 shillings. Morgan & missionary work was done, and Scott, London. China Inland would have shown more vividly the Mission, London, Philadelphia obstacles to be overcome. The his- and Toronto 1918. tory is peculiarly a narrative of The first part of Hudson Taylor's God's dealings with Hudson Taylor, with incidents from letters and life, from 1832 to 1860, was pub- diaries to illustrate his trials, his lished a few years ago, and the con- faith, his courage, his spiritual wiscluding and most important part is dom and power, and the many dinow issued thirteen years after his rect answers to prayer. It is un- fortunate that the lack of an index death. It is distinctly -a sermonic and of descriptive chapter headings biography, not a chronicle of events, makes it difficult to find references or a character study. Hudson Tay- to specific incidents and people. lor was an unusual man, with positive character, firm convictions, a The life of Hudson Taylor was an living faith in God and indomitable unusual life, a divine life fulfilling courage and perseverance. a divine mission. No one can read the story of God's dealing with him This history, with its record of and of his faithfulness, without the growth of the China Inland Mis- realizing that here 'is a picture of sion and its manifold lessons, is full what God can do with a truly surof wonderful experiences of an- rendered life. swered prayer, vivid pictures of hardship and suffering and inspiring The Christian Approach to. Islam. evidence of the power of the Spirit By Rev. James L. Barton, D. D. of God. It is a truly extraordinary 8vo. 316 pp. $2.00 net. Pilgrim record, and one from which every Press Boston, 1918. missionary society and every Chris- The problem of the conversion of tian may learn many lessons. No one who reads and believes this Moslems has all but baffled the record of Hudson Taylor'S life can Christian Church. These people have doubt the truth of Christianitv, and so much truth, are so numerous, are the present working of Almighty such aggressive exponents of their God. faith and are so bitterly opposed to apostasy that they have success- From the viewpoint of the reader, fully withstood the advance of the length of the biography is a Christianity in almost every land. drawback. The biographers evi- Dr. Barton is a Christian authority dently labored under the difficulty on the subject of missions to Mosof choosing- from a great wealth of lems. First. he was a missionary material. There is also, in spite of in Turkey and has since been a its excellent literary style, a gen- student of the subject and a most eral sameness in the material efficient Secretary of the American selected and in the method of pres- Board. entation. Comparatively little – is told of the Chinese people among The studies here clearly and ably whom Mr. Taylor's life was spent. presented describe first, the history The work of the Mission and the and extent of Islam as a religion answerea prayers crowd out infor- and a potential power; and second, mation as to Chinese customs, be- 479

Mohammedanism as a religion-Al- facts are given to show Germany's lah, the Koran, its theory and prac- influence in Turkey and her respon- tice and the Moslem sects. The dis- sibility for the massacres. It is not tinctive part of the volume is that an up to date book in its facts and which deals with the "Relation of is of very secondary value except Islam to Christianity" and to mis-· as an expression of an Armenian's sionary work. Here is where "doc- desire for freedom from oppression.

tors sometimes disagree." One Reconstruction in Turkey. Reports school of missionaries believes in compiled for the American Compolemics against Islam, revealing mittee of Armenian and Syrian its errors and evils; the other ad-' Relief. New York. For private vocates seeking points of contact. distribution. Dr. Barton is of the latter schooL These valuable reports by au- The volume is of real value to all thorities on their subjects give an interested in solving the Moham- outline of the history, ethnology medan problem from a Christian and religious conditions in the point of view. The story of mis- Turkish Empire, the social and sions to Moslems is excellent, and economic needs, industries,' the edu- cation, status of women and finances. shows that the problem is much less difficult than formerly. Dr. Barton believes that a new day has dawned Foreign Financial Control in China.

for missions to Moslems, and that By T. W. OverIach. 295 pages.

we must adopt new methods to lead $2.00 net. The Macmillan Com- Moslems to Christ. The volume is pany. New York, 1919.

worthy of very thoughtful study. Books on the Far and Near East are numerous, but the interest of America Save the Near East. By thoughtful men and women in the AbrahamM. Rihbany. 16mo.176 subject has become so great that the pp. $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. demand continues unabated. It is 1918. now recognized that in this era of The Syrian pastor of an American close international relationships, the Unitarian Church makes a plea for readjustments in Asia involve prob- the reconstruction of Syria, its de- lems of the first magnitude which liverance from Turkish misrule involve all other nations and particu- through an American protectorate larly America. This and the .four which will rejuvenate that land and succeeding books present various guide the people to enlightened phases of the problem, and each deals self-government. It is a sane appeal, with some important aspect of the but there· are two great difficulties general theme.

in the way of this program-one is Mr. Overlach in his volume on the selfishness and jealousy of Eu- "Foreign Financial Control in ropean nations and the other is the China," writes out of fullness of hesitation of America: to undertake knowledge and clearly indicates the the task. official and other documentary evi- dence upon which he bases his ar- The Tragedy of Armenia. By Ber- gument. He makes a valuable con- tha S. Papazian. 12mo. 164 pp. tribution to the literature on the $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. finances of China and the financial Boston. 1918. relations of other countries to it.

A member of the martyred nation He presents an unbiased analysis of here makes a powerful appeal for the financial and political activities her people. It is a tragic and pa- of the six leading powers in China thetic story, the half of which has during the last twenty years, and not been told. The history of the emphasizes the need of international Armenians is briefly traced, some financial co-operation. China and the World War. By W. foreigners of all denominations and Reginald Wheeler. 263 pages. nationalities in Canton, but by the $1.75. The Macmillan Company, Chinese, who almost overwhelmed New York, 1919. her with their tributes of praise and "In China and the World War," honor. The book is largely an ac- W. Reginald Wheeler, who has count of the rise and development of spent three years in China, vividly the educational institution with describes the attack upon China which her life work has been identi- from without during the first year fied, and it gives much: information of the war; the attack from within about this honored missionary during the second year; the progress leader, and about Christian effort in republican government and the to mould and train Chinese girls for new foreign policy; the severance a high type of womanhood.

of diplomatic relations with and the declaration of war against Germany The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By and Austria; the Lansing-Ishi Basel Mathews. 216 pp. $1.25.

agreement between America and George H. Doran Company, New Japan concerning China; the Chi- York, 1919.

nese-Japanese military agreement The value of Basel Mathews'

of 1918; and China's future as af- "The Riddle of Nearer Asia" is tes- fected by the aims of the allied tified to by no less an authority Powers. This is rather a wide field than Viscount Bryce, former British to cover in a small book of only 182 Ambassador at Washington and pages, so that only a bare outline is himself an international authority given; but an additional 74 pp. are of the first rank. He says that the devoted to appendices which give book is admirably calculated to pro- official documents and a bibliography vide the student, who. wishes to un- of a "five foot shelf" of books on derstand the conditions of mission- China. For a fuller discussion of ary work in Southern Asia, with the great subject of Chinese re- essential facts and illuminating lationship to the world war, one views stated in the clearest and would need to go to larger volumes, briefest way, and that seldom does but as a convenient and comprehen- one find so much good matter sive hand-book, this little volume is brought together in so small a com- to be highly commended. pass. This is high praise and the book deserves it. Mr. Mathews A Light in the Land of Sinim. By treats of the social and economic Harriet Newell Noyes. 250 pp. conditions of the Near East, the $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Com- menace of the Turk, and the prob- pany, New York, 1919. lems of reconstruction, and he does "A Light in the Land of Sinim" this in a way which makes his book comes laden with special interest to delightfully readable.

the many friends and admirers of the author, Miss Harriet Newell World Facts and America's Respon- Noyes, who has been for fifty-two sibility. By Cornelius H. Patton.

years a Presbyterian missionary in 236 pages. $1.00. Association Canton, and for forty-five years of Press, New York, 1919.

that period the Principal of True The Rev. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Light Seminary, the largest and Secretary of the American Board most influential boarding school for of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- girls in South China. Her semi- sions, brings our study to the prac- centennial of missionary service was tical issue of "America's Responsi- celebrated two years ago with ex- . bility" for ten world facts: the re- traordinary demonstrations of re- naissance of Asia; the decadence of spect and affection not only by the the non-Christian religions; the rapid extension of Christianity; the kaleidoscopic. These stories are fight of the East and the West for naturally impressionistic rather a common cause; the expectation of than scholarly. They are a witness's the East that America will give example and help; the emergence of testimony rather than a judge's ver- America from her isolation; Amer- dict. They will, however, dispel ica and Great Britain in a' fellowship some prejudices and correct some of service; democracy the organ- false impressions. Miss Bryant, an izing principle of the world; the rise American socialist who was in Rusof the new idealism; and the Church sia for six months last year, sees girding herself for her great task. Dr. Patton is one of the able mis- the turmoil and recognizes many ionary leaders of the modern Church, of the dangers, but she does and is familiar with the bearing of not prescribe the remedy. Her the present world situation upon largest contribution is the descripthe churches of America. In this tion of Russian leaders, Madame little book, he has packed argu- Breskowsky, Kerensky, Lenine, ments and appeals which make it Trotzky, and others. She is strongly one of great power. anti-German, but writes with much sympathy for the Soviets and trav- eled from Petrograd to Stockholm The Democratic Movement in Asia. as a Bolshevist courier. Her view By Tyler Dennett. 16mo. 252 of the Russian Church and its priests pp. $1.50. The Ass 0 cia t ion is far from attractive, picturing Press, 1918. drunken, dirty and immoral men These papers which appeared in acting as intermediaries of God. The Russian Church is dead. Will the organ of the American Asiatic there be a resurrection or will a Association, Asia, are filled with new evangelical Church take its most interesting facts in regard to the progress of Asiatic peoples. Mr. place?

Dennett shows clearly what. mis- sionaries have done and are doing In the East Africa War Zone. By for Asiatics and the appreciation in J. H. Briggs. Pamphlet 88 pp.

which missionary work is held by Church Missionary Society, 1918.

the most intelligent Asiatic leaders. A British missionary in German The papers thus form a splendid East Africa describes briefly the apologetic for missions and the country and people and relates the book is especially suitable to place story of the mission and recounts in the hands of business men who the experiences-interesting if may be uninterested in missions rather unpleasant-through which because uninformed as to the fruit~ he and his fellow-workers passed of missions. Mr. Dennett takes up under German hands during the American work in Asia, Education, war. German officials immediately Medical Missions, Women's Eman- put an end to British missionary cipation, Sacial Progress, Church work and "told the native Chris- Unity and Foreign Missions. . tians, especially the teachers, to sev- er their connection with the English Six Red Months in Russia. By Mission by either going over to Louise Bryant. Illustrated. 8vo. Mohammedanism or returning to $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co. heathenism, and to destroy at once New York. 1918. their Bibles, Hymn books, Prayer A newspaper writer's story of Books and other books printed in Russia during these days of revolu- English." They did not however tion is sure. to be stirring and follow this advice. WORLD PROHIBITION FEDERATION (Successor to International Prohibition Confederation.) Founded at London in 1909 for the object of suppressing the harmful traffic in all Intoxicants throughout the world–whether Alcohol, Opium, Hashish, etc.

The operations through its numerous Vice-Presidents cover the majority of the countries of the earth without respect to race or creed.

President, GUY HAYLER, International Electoral Superintendent I. O. G. T., Courtfield, South Norwood Park, London, S.. E., England.

Treasurer, REV. CHAS. SCANLON, LL. D., General Secretary Board of Temperance of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburg., Pa" U. S. A.

Secretary, EDWARD PAGE GASTON, F. R. G. S., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, U. S. A.

You are invited to apply for free literature in. various language~ and for information on the statu3 of Prohibition in any part of 'the world. The same bervice will be rendered gladly to other person.> interested, whose addresses you are invited to forward.

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AJso, send, gratis, literature, etc., to the following persons: Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~IJCW OS' t'ult WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals MR. ROBnT P. WI!;DER, who has been for the past few years Director of Religious Worle in the International Committee of the Y. M.C. A., has resigned that position to become General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. He takes the place of MR. F. P. TURNER, who has become Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference. Mr. Wilder was one of the original founders of the Student Volunteer Movement in North America.

DR. JOHN McDowE!;L of Baltimore *and* D*R. WM. R. KING of St. Louis have been elected as associate secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Dr. Mc- Dowell will be located with Dr. Marquis in New York, and Dr. King with Dr. Fullerton in the St. Louis office.

REv. CHARLES S. DEMING, Profess*or *in t*he Union Theological Seminary and in the Pierson Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, is in America on furlough.

* .. .. MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE, who is in charge of relief work in' Palestine for the American Red Cross, has received the rare honor of the Gold Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, in token of the gratitude of the people of Jerusalem. This distinction was also conferred upon General Allenb..y. . … ..

DR. HowAIm Buss, President of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, has recently arrived in New York by way of Paris and the Peace Conference. The College of which he is the head remained open throughout the entire period of the war, never . . having less than 650 students, most of them Syrians and Egyptians. ..

PRES. CAMPBlll;L WHITE, having accepted the call to become General Life Service Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement of North America, has resigned as president of Wooster University. * .. ..

. . . Rllv. G. CAMPBllL!; MORGAN, D. D., of London has accepted a professorship in the Bible Teachers' Training School of New York. He expects to spend August in Washington and Northfield, and September in Seattle. Rllv. F. M. NORTH, D. D., corresponding secretary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, after visiting France and Italy, spent a week in North Africa .. .. '" and a short time in Spain. He has now returned to America. MR. CHAO, President of Pei Yang University, Tientsin, one of China's foremost educators, was recently converted to Christianity. Mr. Chao, as the head of a large government school, will exert a wide influence for Christianity throughout all North China. .. * ..

MR. E. C. FAITHFUL, Secretary of fhe South Africa General Mission, is in America .. . . in the interests of the Mission, particularly the plans for enlarged work in Portuguese West Africa.

PANDITA RAMADAI, the famous Indian Christian worker for child widows, has been honored by the Emperor of India with the presentation of the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. .. * ..

MR. CHURCHI!;!; H. CUTTING has been elected President of the American Bible Society. Mr. Cutting is a prominent Baptist layman who has· been connected with the .. … … Society for some time.

RJiv. SAMUllL H. WIl;KINSON, Director of the Mildway Mission to the Jews, has gone to Palestine under the auspices of the Soldiers' Christian Association.

.. * * DR. SAMUllL TRAIN DUTTON', an officer of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, who has been active in many organizations for human welfare, died on March 28. Dr. Dutton was a trustee of the American College For Girls in Constantinople, and Treasurer since 1908.

* .. * MISS MARY HARDING of Sholapur, India, died on January 4, 1919. She was the daughter and granddaughter of notable missionaries. A sister and brother gave up their lives in service for India, and another sister, Mrs. Charles Burr, is a missionary of Ahmednagar. –

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

The Mastery of the Far East. By The Latest Arthur Judson Brown. 8vo. 671 Missionary Publications pp. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Themes for Mission Study, Iglg-ZO Handbook of French and Belgian Christianity and Human Conservation- Protestantism. By Louise Sey- Christian Americanization mour Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 75 c. Missionary Education Move- The Missionary Education Movement ment, New York, 1919. Presents these New and Striking Book.: "'''''e Voice of the Nation and Other Verses. By Frank M. Gregg. New Life Currents in China 12mo. 96 pp. 75e. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, By MARY NINDE CAMEWELL 1918. Owing to the present interest in China, The New Opportunity of the this book comes at an opportune time. in- Church. By Robert E. Speer. forming chapters on public health, general 16mo. 111 pp. 6Oe. The Mac- and medical education, and Christian Mis- Millan Company, New York, sions. Illustrated. 1919. CIGth, 75 centsj paper, SO cents, pestpaid. God Over All. By A. T. Schofield, M. D. 12mo. 1/6. 109 pp. Pick- (Ready) ering & Inglis, London. Foreign Magie Not Dead but Living. By Harring- ton C. Lees. 16mo. 46 pp. 6s. By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. This volume reveals, in a striking way, the Can A Young Man Trust His Bible. "magic" exercised by Christian doctors and By Arthur Cook. 12mo. 64pp. nurses on the ru-edy population of China. A Is. Pickering & Inglis, London. serious subject, touched with a gentle humor. Artistic binding and illustrations. Prophecy and Authority. By Kem- per Fullerton. 12mo. 213 pp. Cloth, $1.50, postpaid.

$1.50. The MacMillan Company, (R.ady) New York, 1919. Christian Americanization Mexico Under Carranza. By Thom- By DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS as E. Gibbon. 12mo. 270 pp. $l.SO. Doubleday, Page & Co., An outline of the "after-the-war" task that New York, 1919. awaits the Christian forces of our country; the outcome of extensive European investiga- Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances tion by a man rarely qualified for his task. Balfour. 12mo. 264 pp. $1.50. Illustrated. George H. Doran Company, New York, 1919. Cloth, 75 centsj paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall (Ready) Young. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.25. Ministers of Mercy Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1919. By DR. JAM.ES H. FRANKLIN The Lincoln Cabin. By Saxe Churc- The stories of ten famous medical mission- hill Stimson. 12mo. 49 pp. aries whose fields were, mainly, in the Far Published by the Author. East. This book is valuable as literature and also as a basis for serious study. Illustrated. League of Nations. By Alfred Owen Crozier. 12mo. 196 pp. Cloth, 75 eentsj paper,50 cebhj postpaid. SOc. L~couver Press Co., New York, 1919. (R••dy Jun. 5) Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- The Honorable Crimson Tree son. 12mo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement, New York, By ANITA B. FERRIS 1918. China is well nigh treeless. Try and picture what it must be, else you will not appreciate the courage of a little Chinese lad, who, to save a tiny tree, faced a savage bandit. Seven other fine stories for children. Illustrated.

Cloth, 60 eentsj paper, 40 centsj postpaid.

(Ready) The foregoing books may be ordered from any denominational headquarters, or from tbe MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1110 Fifth A_nu., N.w York City Do not miss the coming articles in Christianity and Industrial Problems in Japan By J. Merle Davis What the Salvation Army will do with $13,000,000 By Col. William H. Cox Daniel Uhlane-A Trophy from Central Africa By Rev. Donald Fraser The Largest Leper Colony in the World By William M. Danner. Also The Medical Mission Number with articles on Medical Missions in Africa, China, India, Japan and Moslem Lands, and in relation to Evangelism- Home Life- Child Life- Leprosy Plague and Famine–Rockefeller Foundation and The World Sunday School Number with articles on The Sunday School in Many Lands; The Re- lation of Sunday Schools to Evangelization-Home Life–The Development of the lNative Church-Christian Literature- Training of Leaders. The Tokyo Convention.

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Have You WHEN you plan your vacation be sure it includes a Consulted Summer Conference. It will be a real joy and inspiratio the List of and will not only help you, but will benefit those with whom you will work nertyear. SUMMER CONFERENCES Let us tell you how you can earn part or all of your. ex- penses to attend a Summer School of Missions~ In This Issue 7 Write today to: page iv . MISS WILMA DI1NTZE Missionary Review Publishing Co.

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The Old Corner Boo" Store, Ine., 27 BloomfielCl St.. Booton. OPPORTUNITY To the PROTESTANT CHURCHES of America Has Come a GREAT MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY With the Signing of the Armistice There are 50,000,000 people to be reached through the French Protestants in their Foreign Missionary Work.

French Missionary Societies alone are qualified, under present conditions, to occupy some of the world's most needy fields, the French Colonies. In Asia, there is the whole of French Indo-China, with 20,000,000 inhabitan.ts. In Africa, are French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Dahomey, the greater part of the French Congo, itself nearly three times as large as France, and above all, the Sudan,' where the final conflict between the Crescent and the Cross is to be decided. The African Colonies contain 30;000,000 inhabitants.

There are 20,000,000 Frenchmen in France who are not vitally connected with any religious organization.

"Since the war,"- says Chaplain Daniel Couve, "these 20,000,000 have been moved,to a greater respect for and interest in religion. The great need of France is to make French Christianity more democratic, and French Democracy more Christian. Protestantism, through its history and tradition, is peculiarly fitted for the task, and its great opportunity lies in the openness of the people to religious appeal."

Protestants ought to seize this opportunity or others will The financial purden on Protestants of Stricken France is so heavy that Protestantism in the devastated areas is in danger of being wiped out.

Do you want this field to be lost to Protestantism? You know the consequences if it is.

Do you want to lose the great opportunity in Foreign Missionary Work?

$3,000,000 Needed at Once An Int~ational and· Interdenominational Committee, sUpported by every Protestant Denomination in the United States, supporting every Protestant organization in France and Belgium, has been formed with headquarters at 289 Fourth Ave., New York.

GEORGE O. TAMBLYN, Director CHARLES S. WARD, Advisor ALFRED R. KIMBALL, Treasurer You will help deCide whether France shall be Protestant or not by a contribution. . I· Make a Memorial Day Gift. LATEST BOOKS ON MISSIONS ,$ , w. CHRISTINA FORSVTHOF FINCOLAND By p~ Livingsto'lte _0. AUthor of "Mary …..or .'·C……..r,.. Awa,y. off in Fingoland, down in the f~r, S()uth-Eastern Africa, Christina Forsyth, or "Smoyana,"

as shE! was adoringly called by the'Kaffirs, gave thirty years of her life t() work among one of the Wildest and most treacherous tribes in the dark continent. Like Mary Sle880r of Calabar, ~'Smoyana" lived a life of. superhuman self-sacrifice-a life of romance and tragedy. Mr. Liv- Ingstone's story of the "Ma of the Kraals," as the Fingos called Christina Forsyth, will be counted among the most fascinating annals ()f missi()nary biography. Such a wonderful example of supreme devotion to the cause of missions will be sure to awaken an answering response in thousands of hearts. . ., . 12mo. Net,$1.50 FOREleN MACIC By Jean Carter Cochran ~ere is a book whict throws an intensely vivid light upon the inter-rela:tions of resident'Amer- 1ca':ls and the people of China. The author's delicate vignettes of Chinese life reveal to us cur~ously drll;matic pictures. of the magic wrought by American physicians upon the minds and ~041es of their Chinese patients. It is across"seetion of Oriental life of today, told with delica~e Insight and sympathy, revealing to us the strength, weakness and possibilities of this awakening giant among the nations. 12mo. Net, $1.50 DR. ELSIE INCLIS , By La.dy Fra.nces Ballour In the annals of glorious, unselfish wartime service, the name of Elsie Inglis, nurse, doctor and hospital executive, will be blazoned among the heroines of the world. 12mo.. Net, $1.50 THE RIDbLE OF NEARER ASIA By Basil Mathews, with a Foreword by Viscount Bryce This book admirably supplies the student of missionary conditions in Western Asia with the 12m~. Net, $1.25 essential facts regarding the problems of the Near East..

MARY SLESSOR OF CALABAR By W. P. Livingstone The enthusiasm universally awakened by this great missionary biography marks it as a classic. "Not since David Livingstone has such a biography appeared."-Word and Way. "Mary Slessor's life stands alone in the annals of heroic women."-Dr. J. T. Faris. avo. Net. $1.50 THEWHITEQUEENOF OKOYONQ By W. P. Livingstone The stol."Y of Mary Slessor retold lor young people. A thrilling, fascinating narrative of a wonderful woman and her wonderful work in Africa. 12mo. Net. $1.00 TH1NKINC BLACK By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S.

This most·amazingly original and picturesque recital of missionary life and adventure in Central Africa has taken its place in the annals of missionary work and sacrifice. 8vo. Net, $2.50 OUTLINES OF MISSIOJItA1tYHIS'tORY By Allred DeWitt Mason, D. D.

The very best single volume hand-book of missionaTy activity trom earliest times to the present day. . /. . 12mo. Net, $1.50 LETTERS FROM MY HOME IN, INDIA· By Mrs. George Churchill Cheerful, intimate letters filled with the glorious faith and courage of the ideal· missionary. extending over a period of nearly fifty ~~ars. 11iimo. 'Net, $1.25 ·OUT OF THE SHADOW By Rose Cohen The vivid autobiography of a Russian girl emigraqt. "ThIs book offers the truest, most wise, 'reticent and absolute condemnation of child labor I ever read. . It should be read by every lover of democracy in the country."-Lifll and Labor..· . 8vo. Net, $2.00 GEORGE H~ 'DORAN COMPANY, Publishers,· New York p ub 1 i • he. • I n A me. i c a I o. It 0 b D E R &: S T 6 U G-H TON tt·

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1915

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

MISSIONA~Y FI~~S 1. It is estimated that there are over 550,000 Jews fighting on the two sides. Some of the leading men in financial and political circles are Jews, including Sir E. Goshen, British Ambassador to Germany in 1914; Lord Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England; Mr. Hyman, Bel- gian Ambassador to Great Britain; Signor Malvano, President of the Council of State in Italy; and Hon. Henry Morgenthau, American Am- bassador to Turkey. (See page 887.) 2. According to Robert E. Speer, who has recently interviewed a number of the Buddhist priests in Siam, they disagree as to whether Buddha is alive or dead, in heaven, or non-existent, a hearer of prayer or deaf to appeals, God or only a man. (See page 901.) 3. We saw in India, says Mrs. Thomas Gladding, whole communities who desired baptism and who removed with their own hands the charms they wore, destroyed the altars in their homes, and tore down the vil- lage shrine, to prove their sincerity in accepting Christ. (See page 909.) 4. The one hundred and seventy workers in Dr. Wilfred Grenfell's Mission in Labrador last summer included among the volunteers a dentist from Harvard, a trained nurse from New York, Dr. Charles E. Jefferson's assistant, a secretary, and a librarian. (See page 919.) 5. Last summer there was held in New York the first conference of Protes- tant Russians and Ruthenians. A great Christian work is being car- ried on among these foreigners in America. (See page 923.) 6. A Chinese Christian says that the four great foes of Christianity in China are: (1) Confucianism, (2) Materialism, (3) Worship of Education, ( 4) The deification of national spirit. On the contrary, he sees hope in: (1) The Christian leaders, (2) religious freedom, (3) growing intelligence, and (4) student evangelism. (See page 929.) 7. The women of Asia are fast gaining their freedom from seclusion, ignor- ance, subjection, and degradation. Thousands are working or in train- ing as educators, editors, doctors, nurses, and business. (See page 882.) 8. Missionaries in Palestine see hope for the future in the promised return of the Jews to the land of their inheritance. At the close of the war they look for a great influx of Hebrews. (See page 882.) 9. A lawyer, W. D. Murray, New York, has a "missionary Bible," in which he has 175 missionary autographs, special missionary texts, outlines for missionary addresses, student volunteer declarations, and other fuel for missionary fires. (See page 931.) 10. The women in Protestant churches of North America contributed over three million dollars last year for foreign missions. (See page 943.) 11. American baseball is competing successfully with the bull-fight and the cock-pit for popularity among the young men of Latin America. The change means a distinct moral advance. (See page 944.) I RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Vol. X8i;;~~~sNO. 12 DECEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII. No. 12 New Series 11111111111111111 111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 A MESSAGE FROM PALESTINE crisis portending the end. Weare at the dawn of a day of political free- REV. A. E. THOMPSON, of dom and religious liberty in the land Jerusalem (Christian Alliance of the Lord.

Mission), writes that the Palestine II. There is hope in the economic missionaries, both those on the field situation in Palestine. and those at home, are filled with hope for the future.. Commerce is suspended. There are not enough men to till the land. 1. There is hope in the political sit- Locusts have swept the country. uation related to the Holy Land. There is hunger in the cities and threatened famine in the villages. For thirteen centuries Moslem The relief sent is as nothing to the rulers have lorded it over the Holy need. Land. For generations the Turk has been its master. To-day the Star and "But," says one missionary, "tho Crescent, emblem of night, floats over the Lord give you the bread of adthe City of the Great King. That is the versity and the water of affliction, last possible word as to oppression yet shall not thy teachers be reand misrule. But the King said, moved into a corner any more; but "Jerusalem shall be trodden down thine eyes shall see thy teachers, and until"-until what? "Until the time thine ears shall hear a word behind of the Gentiles be fulfilled." Every thee saying, this is the way, walk ye sign indicates that the times of the in it, when ye shall turn to the right Gentiles are nearing an end. The hand and when ye shall turn to the chronological lines have run out. The left" (Isa. 30: 20). nations seem to have come to the The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. These economic conditions are is a day of darkness, yet in it "the the shadows of the cloudy and the people that sit in darkness shall see dark day, but we who are in the a great light," for the Prince of cloud hear His voice saying, "See Peace is at hand. that ye be not troubled, for all these things must come to pass." "Lift The God of Hope is Himself the up your heads, for your redemption all-sufficient ground of hope. In the draweth nigh." dark days, hope from the God of Hope becomes a wellspring in the III. There is hope in the missionary hearts of missionaries. The deepensituation-in spite of the present dark- ing darkness means the breaking of ness. the dawn. Hope clasps hands with Faith and looks longingly for the The British missionaries have been morn when the works of Love shall recalled, or banished, much of the be wrought. German work is suspended, nearly all of the independent missionaries have This is no time to retrench or to departed and been forced to close the cease giving for Palestine. This is doors of their schools. The British the time to prepare for the realization schools and hospitals, as well as of the hope God has given. French and Russian properties, have been seized by the Turkish army. MOSLEM ENEMIES AND FRIENDS Not more than half a dozen American missionaries remain in Palestine. T HE anti-Christian "Jihad" has This looks like ruin and defeat, but not been able to tum the people morning light is breaking in Moslem of Persia against the missionaries. lands. Is the church awake? These heroes have, in fact, been able to save many from death. The medi- The missionaries called to labor in cal missionaries, especiaIly, have had Palestine are a ground for hope. great influence. The mullahs at Is- They are a chosen band of men and pahan appear to have been infuriated women who have surmounted insu- by the opening of the Stuart Meperable obstacles, triumphed in dark morial CoIlege (Church Missionary and bitter hours, endured in what Society) last spring. They first held seemed fruitless service till fruit be- meetings and exprest their disapgan to bud. proval ; then they preached on the subject in the mosques, and finally The promises of God concerning a meeting of the Mujtahedin was Palestine are another ground of hope. held and a notice forbidding boys to Palestine can claim thousands of attend the school was issued, on promises that directly and immediate- which the signature of the Council ly apply to the Chosen People and of Dlama and a number of mullahs the Promised Land. These promises appeared. A few days later, howare being fulfilled rapidly. The ac- ever, the chief mullah, who had just celerated development of everything before visited some sick mullahs in earthly, the whirl of the age, the the mission hospital, addrest a crowdmad .rush of rmtnkind, the devilish ed congregation and told them that haste for military and naval suprem- the English were doing a good work acy only prove that we ·have entered and should not be opposed. Some "the great day of Jehovah." The day

OF THE

time ago the doctor in charge of this are a listening people, and so every hospital, in returning from a long reader means a group of a thousand trip which he had taken in response ears."

to an urgent caU, was stopt in a pass May God hasten the day when of the hills by a band of robbers, Christ may rule in love and power.

who had already looted a post-wagon; but, on recognizing him, the men NATIONAL CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA assured him that no harm would pROFESSOR TILA'K, a Hindu come to him, and he was allowed to … Christian, in speaking at the cen- proceed on his way. It is in time of tenary celebration of the Marathi political upheaval especially that the Mission of the American Board, ut- value of medical mission work is rec- tered the dominating thought of the ognized. occasion when he said, "The last These are some of the foretokens century was justly the century of of the harvest to come in mlSSlOns foreign missions; the next is ours."

to Moslems. Dr. Samuel M. Zwe- There are many signs that, both in mer, who for twenty-five years has leadership and in support, the Indian been working indefatigably for the Christians are coming into their own.

conversion of Moslems says: "There The missions are somewhat reor- was a day when Mohammedan ganizing their work to aid this result; fathers and mothers would rather representatives of church bodies are see their children die in their arms more and more being taken into part- than carried to the hospital of the nership in counsel and action; the Christian. To-day every hospital is church. is organizing to assume larger crowded. There was a time when responsibilities; is definitely pledged they would not send their children to assume its own support; is under- to any Christian school in Arabia, taking new and more out-reaching ef- in Persia, or even in Egypt; when forts. Similar tendencies are observed the number of Moslem pupils was in South India and in Ceylon. The numbered by ones and twos, when in missions are seeking to make the some Mohammedan lands we almost churches self-supporting and self- had to pay them to come and receive governing. In one of the American instruction. To-day the Cairo Col- Board Mission districts, the year past, lege of the American Mission has the supervision of the schools was ISO Mohammedan girls who pay the turned over to the care of the native highest fees to receive a Christian pastor of the church at the center; education. The Bible is the best- the success of the plan will mark an selling book next to the Koran in epoch in mission work and pave the the Mohammedan world. Seven way for further efforts in this direc- thousand copies of the Word of God tion.

were sold in the Persian Gulf last Another sign of the tendency to year.. In Egypt 87,000 copies of the develop the National Church in fn- Word of God were sold along the dia is evidenced in the ordination Nile Valley, and that in a country service which took place at Robert- where 90 per cent. are illiterate. But sonpet, in the 'Kolar goldfields of if they are not a reading people they South India, was participated. in

by five Indian ministers repre- no provision for the transfer of mem- senting four different sections. The bers from one denomination to anoth- so-called "National Church," in er. To meet this protest, the criticized Kolar, South India, was organized section has now been revised, and is about twelve years ago, with 120 presented for further discussion in a members, and has now secured a form which has already been indorsed building of its own at a OD'st of by the Presbyterians, by the South about RS.3,OOO, increased its mem- India United Church and by the Eng- bership to over 500, maintains a pas- lish Baptists. In substance, it has al- tor, an evangelist, and a school, and so received official Methodist approval.

has already laid the foundation for a The federating churches agree to re- school-building to accommodate the spect each other's discipline, to recog- increasing number of pupils of both nize each other's ministry, and to ack- sexes. nowledge each other's membership The Christian Patriot} of Madras, by a free interchange of full mem- expresses the hope "that this N ation- bers in good and regular standing al Church will not be tempted to join duly accredited.

any foreign organization, but will A general invitation to all Chris- continue to work on purely indi- tian bodies in India to participate in genous lines and lay the foundations the federation will go out this fall, for a truly Oriental but strictly evan- and each will also be asked to ap- gelical church with an Indian sys- point representatives to the first pro- tem of government and an Indian vincial councils, which will elect com- mode of worship. The crying need missioners to a national council. These of Christian India is not a perpetu- sectional councils are determined ac- ation of ecclesiastical serfdom to for- cording to language areas, in order eign and uncongenial institutions, but that each section may be bound to- a real and enduring life in Christ gether by a common speech.

and life abounding, with an Indian spirit and genius." NEW WOMEN OF ASIA CHRISTIAN UNITY IN INDIA FEW in America realize the trans- formation that is taking place THE . ~ovement to fede~ate the ChrIstIan churches of IndIa which among the women in Asia. The wo- men of Japan may be considered has been almost quiescent for the emancipated, for they are not only past two years, has lately been re- educated but are taking their places in vived and is reported to be rapidly public life-in business, in education, gathering strength. The leaders rec- in social reforms, and to a limited ognize that the most important thing extent even in politics. In China, is not to bring together the mission- women are proving their powers, and aries but to consolidate in sentiment are becoming more and more a facand in service the growing Christian tor in public life. India is still kept churches of the nation. Federation back by the millions of child widows was first proposed in 1909, but the and zenana prisoners. In Moslem plan was rejected by some of the lands womanhood has not yet parties on the ground that it made emerged from domestic slavery.

OF THE TIMES

The new movement among the wo- You can imagine to what extent men of Asia is taking the form of a things go in the every-day code of demand for recognition as the social the ordinary people. The strange equal of man. They rebel at the rule thing is that while there is absolutely of s0ciety that a woman must marry, no conscience in these matters, some that the only infidelity can be on the control is demanded when girls are part of the wife, and that a woman's concerned. So-called heathen China place is only to serve her husband is far away ahead of the South and bear his children. In the past the American republics where morals women of Persia, India, and China are concerned.

have lived a life separate from their "Allowing for the faithful among husbands and been generally de- the Roman Catholics, and for the barred from participation in public good work under the auspices of the affairs. There was no opportunity Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, to develop self-expression. Young Men's Christian Associations, Now women of the Orient are South American Evangelical Union, slowly beginning to learn what a Church of Scotland, and others, the great part they may play in the peoples of South America have not world. They are in training as edu- the moral or religious ideals so cators, physicians, nurses, editors, necessary to give stability to great and even for business. Their change nations.

in dress indicates modernization and <INot only are 'both the intellec- they are adopting modern inventions tual life and ethical standards of to help them perform their tasks. Not conduct of these countries entirely only are Chinese women unbinding divorced from religion,' to quote the their feet, but Japanese women are Han. James Bryce, 'and unbelief and giving up blackening their teeth. If materialism completely master of the the women of Asia are made free by Latin-American mind, but students Christ, the Son of God, they shall be in the universities are openly free indeed. hostile to anything religious if they think it spells even the slightest in- THETHE NEED OF LATIN AMERICA terference in political life.

state of morality in Latin "But worse than all the legalized America has been denounced by vice, and gambling, and drunkenness, travelers from many lands. The and public sale of vicious literature; causes of the immorality are many- far worse, is the attitude of many of the remedy is one, namely, Christ. the people to the sacred Scriptures.

William E. Souter, who has recently The Bible, Christ our Savior, the visited the continent, writes: Cross, they know all these words; "Morally, things are about as bad they are in common use on the street, as can be. Noone expects a young but in what connection? At the cor- man to be moral, and conditions are ner shop you see this sign- 'Christ's such in many homes, purposely ar- corner, grocery store,' The chemist's ranged by parents with the well-be- shop of the 'Three Crosses'; 'The ing of their sons at heart, that would Tears of Christ' is a well-known shock you, dared I mention details. brand of wine; and a tobacco firm

had a glaring advertisement in a "through the week activities," which much-read paper, which was sup- are excellent forms of social service, posed to be a picture of the disci- They have organized a cradle-roll, ples smoking, and Judas standing and each girl is responsible for enaside and saying to the Master, 'If rolling and caring for ten babies. I had smoked this brand of tobacco They have also formed a sewing guild I would not have betrayed you!' to provide clothing for the poor chil- dren of their community. The Sun- "These show some of the difficulties day-school, properly managed, may which confront evangelist~ in mak- be a great evangelizing agency of ing known the Christian faith in all South America. its purity. Surely there is need for a 'Congress on Christian work' in ADULT BIBLE CLASSES IN CHINA Latin America-a constructive evangelical conference. THE Sunday-School Adult Bible Class movement has entered Chi- "Already the Bible has its triumphs in transformed leaders drawn from na, largely as the result of the efall classes, men and women who be- forts of Mr. R. A. Doan, recently lieve the future of South America elected secretary of the Missionary to be bound up with the Bible teach- Society of the Disciples of' Christ, ings and with unadulterated, intelli- who, while on a tour through the gent devotion to Christ." Orient spoke over seventy times in China on this subject to audiences A NEW NOTE IN SOUTH AMERICA aggregating more than 15,000 people.

T HE visitor to South America is Of this work, Mr. Doan writes: apt to miss from the life of the "There is absolutely no difficulty in securing an audience in China, nor in young people the attention to vari- getting inquirers who are willing to ous forms of social service which be- study the Bible. The chief difficulty come almost a passion among num- is lack of leadership. At many of bers of Christian young people in our meetings it was necessary to sta- North America. The young women tion men at the door to crowd people of South America are generally with- back and try to keep them from enout any great aim in life-except tering the building after it was full. marriage. Higher education is therefore considered superfluous- for' wo::: noon In Nantungchow we held four aftermen, and active participation in community betterment movements, has meetings"iti '~ Buddhist temple; been almost unknown. Miss Estella C. Long, of Montevideo, Uruguay, has where we had an attendance of from organized the first teacher 'training~ eight hundred to a thousand men class among young woman of South every day, tho the ineetings were America; and the girls, are taking hold held in January." Mr. Doan has guar- Qf. their work eager}Yc. They are using anteed the funds for the holding of aSRte~t-booka; Spa~~sh translatiop of three summer conferences for adult the late Dr. Hamill's "Legion of Hon- Bible-class leaders. The leaders for or", 'course, and are engaging in many these conferences will be carefuiiy selected with the hope of having them train other leaders upon their return to their homes.

EVENTS

Decemher 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, N. Y. 6th to 11th-Meeting of the Council of Women for Home Miss., Atlanta, Ga. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 8th to 11th-Federal Council of Churches Conference, Columbus, O. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

January The 100th anniversary of the American Bible Society. 2d to 9th-World's Week of Prayer. 11th to 13th-Annual meeting of Home Missions Council.

12th to 14th-Foreign Missions Conference, Garden City, L. 1. 17th-Fifteenth anniversary of the death of Elias Riggs, of Turkey, 1901. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Tex. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Duluth, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New Orleans, La. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Paul, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary :Movement Convention, Rochester, N. Y. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Jackson, Minn. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fargo, N. Dak. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Reading, Pa. 29th-Fiftieth anniversary, sailing of James Chalmers for South Seas, 1866. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Vaterbury, Conn. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. 30th to Feb 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Birmingham, Ala.

February 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont.

2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Newark, N. J.

6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbia, S. C. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's :Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Work in Latin America, Panama the new General Secretary of the Laymen's ].lissi onary Movement. 11r. Millar became joint secretary with ~fr. J. Campbell 'Vhite in 1910. He is a native of 'Yiscon si n, a graduate of Lawrence College, was general secreta ry of the T wenty-third Sttoeet Y. M . C. A. ill New York until 1895. During the war with Spain, in 1898, he took charge of the Association work fo r the army and navy. and developed this department until it has a perma nent equipment and funds of over two mill ion dollars, with about eighty secretaries and employed officers, and a work for bo t h officers and enlisted men extending all ove r the world. :Mr. Millar has had charge of the administrative side of the L ay men's :Missionary Movement's work since 1910.

There R'oom for the Jews?

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE WORLD'S SITUATION AND THE JEW'S PLACE IN IT BY THE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA Pastor of the Christian Synagog, and President of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of America And Jacob was left alone.-GEN. 32: 24 ~J ACOB is faithfully de- This storm-tossed life of the "First scribed as a masterly, I sraelite," is a divinely inspired pic- ~lever, resourcefttl , and tUre of the past, present and future In many ways a most of the people Israel. The Jew, with successful man. He all his amazing vitality, creative says: "With my staff ability, resourcefulness, moral and I passed over this Jordan, and now religious, and all his other attributes, I became two bands." He would be considered to-day a very wealthy •. I~ 11 mil 11m ~'l1'l1lC .~n ~D~'Il II man. He is also a very religious man who knows God, acknowledges SEARCHING FOR THE PROMISED LAND His faithfulness, and records the results of the many blessings God A cartoon from a Jewish paper. It represents the graciously bestowed upon him. Now Jew looking at the world and seeking in vain we behold this masterful man desper- for a place where he i. welcomed. ately afraid of his own brother, and in his desperation he resorts to all IS the loneliest man on the face of kinds of stratagems and humiliation GQ<LS _ ~arth. Like ,the Patriarch to appease the anger of his brother. Jacob of old, he is afraid of his But all these masterful resources are fellow men, and in spite of the many of no avail to bring peace to his lessons of Jehovah's past faithfulness, troubled soul, and we see here poor he stoops to all kinds of humjJiations broken-down Jacob left alone, in without any satisfying result. ·Modern utter darkness. In his loneliness he Israel, tho bearing that princely, Godfillds himself. wrestling ..with… a mys" given name, has not yet awakened to teriotts person and being crippled. the fact that he is at war with God, Then comes a great awakening, and and that the person with whom he is he realizes that he is at war, not with wrestling is none other than 'Jehovah a mere man, but with God. Then it -Jesus. Only when Israel has was that God gave him this new awakened to recognize that ili.e ·"Man name, Israel. This new experience changed his heart and life, and as a witness to his new faith he calls the name of the place Penuel; saying, "for I have seen God face to face." At this point "The sun rose upon him," and all his fears left him.

of Sorrows" is none other than their The Third Exile! long-rejected Messiah, their only Hope and 'King; and cry out – Names, days, and even certa ~n "Blessed is He that cometh in the hours, bear particular symbolic N arne of Jehovah," then only will the meanings to the Jew. It was of sad "Sun" rise upon them, and all sor- significance that the present great war rows and sadness will flee away. was declared on the saddest and darkest anniversary in Israel's his- Is the Jew Wanted? tory, the 9th of Ab, the anniversary of the destruction of the Temple in One of the leading Jewish news- Jerusalem. Twice, on the very same papers published a sketch of a day, but at different periods, fire was Patriarchal Jew, holding in his hand set to the Temple in Jerusalem, the Globe of the Universe earnestly and the people led into captivity, searching for a place where he is first by N ebuchadnezzar, the Babywanted, but he can not find one. He Ionian; and the second time by Titus, begins to go over them by name;- the Roman. It was by strange coinci- "Russia, I am not wanted there- dence, that on August 4, 1914, Germany, not wanted there-Rou- while the Jewish people were fasting mania, not wanted there-France, not and sitting on the bare floors of their wanted there-England; Canada; The synagogs, reciting the Lamentations United States; Palestine, I am not of Jeremiah and other sad odes, comwanted there" ; and he exclaims, "this memorating that mournful event, war is a large, beautiful world, but no was declared by the nations of the place for me!" earth. Thus was ushered in the Third Exile, which is perhaps vaster in its Let us be frank. Is the Jew fierceness than the first and second wanted? He may be tolerated, but captivities. It has brought greater he is not wanted. Whether he IS sorrows and sufferings to a larger Orthodox, Reformed, Radical or number of the "Wandering feet and Christian, he is not wanted; yet at weary breasts." the same time he is being sought after, especially by the warring na- The World-Tragedy tions. What an amazing role he is playing in this life-and-death-struggle What an inhuman tragedy is being of the nations! Students of prophecy enacted before our very eyes! We ponder over him-politicians, finan- see the Jewries of the world conciers and military experts, all care- vulsed with trials and sufferings, fully consider him. He is talked such as even they can not parallel in over, dreaded, honored, and flat- their long annals. Scattered throughtered; and yet, like Jacob of old, "he out the world and massed in the very is left alone." In this sad condition, crater of the world-war, they are like the Patriarch of old, he is paying passing through the "valley of the a very high price-trying to buy him- shadow," and are stumbling in its self into the good graces of his brooding darkness. Old problems, brother Esau, forgetting that Israel is old difficulties and sorrows have a Prince and should not stoop to such evaporated, in the one overpowering degrading humiliations. agony of the unprecedented conflict.

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

The world-struggle is searching century enlightenment and generous the very vitals of the race, stirring liberality, the Jew is still iooked upon its energies, revolutionizing its life as "a stranger within our gates," and and transforming its outlook. Five therefore, since he is enjoying the hundred and fifty thousand gallant benefits of our national institutions, Hebrew soldiers are at war, Jew en- something extra is to be expected gaged with mortal combat with Jew. from him. But is he paying a fair Four millions of them, men, women share ? We find that the total popuand children, of all ages-strong, lation of this great world is someweak, healthy and sick-have been thing like 1,623,000,000, of which driven into fun flight, haunted by the about 760,000,000, or 46 per cent. are thundering cannons, along the wasted affected by the war. The total numroads, marshy fields, bogs and wild ber of Jews in the world is not over forests; disorganized, terrorized, 14,500,000, of whom some 10,000,000 abandoning land, stock, treasures and or 68 per cent. are affected by this all the attachments of home, in order war. to save their bare lives. Hunger and starvation meet them everywhere, and There are now twelve nations as they pass through the "Valley of fighting with armies totaling at least Shadows" new horrors overtake them 20,000,000, or 2.6 per cent. of the every hour. The very life is lost in popUlation of the nations engaged. the attempt to save it. No "Prom- The Jews engaged in the war comised Land" in sight. "All hope aban- lrize the biggest army they have ever doned there!" Our hearts break as put forth. A conservative estimate, we gaze at this horror-full, grim given in the Jewish Chronicle, puts and continuously moving panorama the number, at over 550,000, or 5.5 of Israel's bitter and tragic flight. per cent. of all the Jews in the world Yes, Israel, the "World tragedy," -double the proportion of Gentiles may well cry aloud, "Is it nothing to engaged. And when we look into the you, all ye, that pass by? behold, machinery of this war and the rQ;le and see if there be any sorrow like the Jew is playing, and the results of unto my sorrow." (Lam. i: 12.) that great machinery we wonder that the nations of the earth should be Is the Jew Paying his Share? trusting to such leadership.

If we look at the contribution the Jews in Great Britain Jew is making to this world-conflict we are amazed at the role he is play- When the German Chancellor lost ing. The Jew, imperishable as ever, his temper and declared that the has been strenuously leading in all treaties with Belgium were mere the episodes of the war; in its poli- scraps of paper, he was speaking to tics, in its economy, in its finances, Sir E. Goshen, H.B.M. British Amin its organizations, in its supplies, bassador to Germany, whose father in its armies and its horrors. The was a poor Polish Jew. He came over Jew is paying a very high price to to London, England, ann wanted to the best traditions or' the race. become a clerk in a bank, but they would not take him because his hand- With all our boastful twentieth writing was bad. He wanted to be-

come a partner in the bank, but he as a "British lion." Recently he has had no money, so he opened a bank been sent as the head of a commishimself. Later he became Viscount sion to secure a colossal .loan for Goshen, P.e., and at one time First Britain, France, and Russia from Lord of the Admiralty. His son, as America. All the papers. call him the representative of the great British Lord Reading, and he is known as Empire in the German Court, stood the Lord Chief Justice and Privy up for the honor of Great Britain, Councillor of the British Empire. and did so to the satisfaction of his Sovereign. Some believe that the Jew will be the ultimate force in bringing to an The number of Jews in the British end this titanic struggle, and the Isles, according to the Jewish Chroni- balance of favor wiil come to those cle, is about 245,000. Already over nations with whom the best of the 16,000 of them have joined the ranks Jewry wiII cast their lot. Whether this and have amazed every one by their will actually come to pass we do not valor, resourcefulness, and heroism. venture to prophesy. The Right Hon. Hundreds have secured medals, and David Lloyd George told the world three have secured the most coveted at the beginning of the war, that the order, the Victoria Cross. Five He- nation which could hold on and probrews are holding positions in the duce the last few hundred millions, British Cabinet; one, Lord Reading, when all the others have been dehas become Lord Chief Justice, five pleted of their treasures, will be the are in the House of Lords, six are masters. What do we find? The Privy' Councillors, sixteen are Bar- head of the Allies' Financial Comonets, fourteen are Knights, and mission is a Jew. One of the oppoeighteen are members of Parliament. nents of the loan to the Allies is Mr. To keep Ireland in order they put a Jacob H. Schiff, the great financier, Jew, Sir Matthew Nathan, in for of German extraction. The High Secretary. Are these the Jews who Hon. Lord Reading, the British-Jeware not wanted? Evidently the lead- ish-Lion, came out victorious over ing authorities in Great Britain de- the American-German-J ewish-Blacklight to praise and honor them. Eagle, by securing a loan of $500,- 000,000 in the United States for On Lord Mayor's day, in Novem- Britain and her Allies. ber, 1914, the Prime Minister of Great Britain made a great political speech The Jews of France and referred to the remarkable success that had attended the financial The total Jewish population of measures taken by the government in France is a little over 100,000. Beconsequence of the war. He went out fore the war, in the regular army of his way to offer a eulogy in praise there were 8 Hebrew generals, 14 of a Jew. Who is this Lord Chief colonels, 21 lieutenants, 6& majors Justice? Not long ago he was plain and I07 captains; but now over 10,000 Mr. Isaacs. His father may have Jews are in the ranks, and are doing been a poor Jew, but now the Prime gallant work on land, sea and in the Minister of all the Britains delights air. General Heymans is in charge of one Army Corps. Five Jews are holdto honor him and he is being hailed

THERE ROOM FOR THE- JEWS?

ing important positions in the Cabinet. Germany with his Italian wife, a The Rothschilds, feeling that their complete failure. country has been outraged, have returned to the Austrian Emperor the The most conspicuous man in Italy title of nobility which his ancestor, a at present is M. Salvatore Barzilai, century ago, had bestowed upon them. whom King Victor Emmanuel ap- Jews in Belgium This heroic little nation that has suffered, and is suffering, so much from the ravages of this war, shelters 15,000 Jews. The relation of Belgium to Great Britain at this time is of ,utmost importance. The future of Belgium depends on the Allies, and she needs the best possible man to represent her in Great Britain-a man who is not only loyal, but a strong man with brains and character, And the man the King of the Belgians chose as his Ambassador to the Court of St. James, London, is a Jew – M. Hyman! The first man to be taken as a hostage by the Germans, when entel-ing Antwerp, was a Rothschild.

Jews in Italy SIR RUFUS DANIEL ISAACS It was not till 1870 that the Jews The Lord Chief Justice of England. A. Lord Readwere actually emancipated in Italy, ing he recently visited America to negotiate and yet they have made rapid strides, the loan for the Allies and have attained important positions of honor and trust. The total Jewish pointed as a Cabinet Minister. Gen- population is 45,000, and they have eral Othofenghi, late Minister of provided Italy lately with a Prime War, and newly made Senator, an- Minister, Signor Luigi Luzzatti other Jew, is the idol of the army.

.(1910), who previously served as Minister of Finance on six occasions. Jews in Germany Sixteen members of Parliament and fourteen Senators are Jews. The The 615,000 Jews of Germany have President of the Council of State, not yet been fully emancipated; they Signor Malvano, is the best-hated are still fighting for equality and the man in Germany, because he could removal of certain disabilities. The see through the tactics of its special prevailing anti-semitism, with all its ambassador, Prince Von Biilow, and nefarious propagandas, could not stem checkmated all his political maneu- . the tide of the onrushing progress of vers, so that he had to return to the Jew in Germany. Since the war

was started, not only have some lead- Jews in Austria-Hungary ing anti-semitic papers been supprest, but some of its leaders have The census of 19~o reports that profest conversion in favor of the Austria shelters 1,313,687 Jews and Jew on account of their loyalty! Hungary 932,416. While there are still many disabilities, and anti- German Jews have contributed their semitism has been rampant, yet in the full share toward that remarkable army they have equal rights. Before display of efficiency, both military and the war there was one Jewish fieldeconomic, which has astounded the marshall, Adolph Von Karnhaber, 6 world. In every branch of the social generals, 17 colonels, 15 lieutenantand political life the Jew has left his colonels, 48 majors, and 211 other mark. Karl Marx laid down their officers. It is estimated that since scientific foundations of socialism, the war 180,000 Jews have joined the and Ferdinand Lassalle founded the ranks. Dr. Victor Adler is the German Social Democratic party, and leader of the Democratic party. its leaders, up to the present head, Hugo Hasse, were all Jews. The A Jew at Constantinople head of the Revisionist party is Edward Bernstein, who on account of To be an ambassador at the Turkhis anti-war view is. an' exile in ish Court, and to look after the Switzerland. What an irony, that interests of one country, is enough the only man who dared to defy the to tax the energies and ability of any Kaiser' in the Reichstag, and vote man, even in times of peace. The openly against the German war loan, four or five hundred general consuls, and was not beheaded, was Herr consuls, vice-consuls and dragomans, Liebknecht, a Jew! have their hands more than full to look after the interest of their own One secret of the efficiency of the country's subjects, and the trouble German armies lies in their wonder- they get into daily; for the consul ful organization of transportation. To must act as a judge and a valuator of pick up an army of 500,000 or 1,000,- taxes, decide marriage and divorce 000 and transplant them from one questions, be a peace-maker and a scene of war to another-the import- military expert at the same time. He :mce of this task and the responsi- must also possess a brazen audacity bility of the person in charge of it is combined with a restraining political immense. He must not -only be most dignified tact. There are often capable, and with the best possible emergencies in a Turkish country, brain power, but he must be abso- and the ambassador must be alert, lutely trusted. To a Jew-Herr Ar- resourceful and ready for the occa~ thur Ballin-the Kaiser has entrust- sion. In time of peace, to represent ed the general management of all the one country adequately, keeps the German railways, and he is personally ambassador busy, but in time of war in charge of the transportation of all it is quite a different matter. Here we the German troops. This Jew who is have something unprecedented-one not wanted is most desirable now. ambassador is to take charge of the Iron crosses have been lavished galore interests of ten nations, besides those on the German-Jewish soldiers. of hfs own, and at a fearfully critical

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

time in the world's history. It is a closed to the Jew; shame and degra- Jew to whom have been trusted the dation were imposed on the Jewish lives, property and interests of eleven manhood and womanhood of dark nations within the Turkish Empire. The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, the United States Ambassador at Constantinople, has for the last fifteen months been bearing a superhuman strain with most commendable success.

The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, who arrived in the United States when three years of age, became a very successful business man. . He is now practically responsible for the lives, property, and interests in Turkey of Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Servia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Denmark, Argentine Republic, Italy, and the United States. He has done his work so well that he has received the praise and gratitude of all these countries.

Is this not a most inconceivable as well as a most wonderful irony of fate? While the Jews as a race are stamped "not wanted," yet they are sought after, and the most important and most delicate as well as the most trusted positions are committed to their care! Here also is a noble Jew straining every nerve to save the lives of the poor Armenian Christians within the Turkish Empire, tho he can not protect the lives of his own people within a Christian land.

Russia and the Jews HENRY MORGENTHAU American Ambassador to Turkey Since 1882, when the new May Laws came into force, the Russian Russia, and the Jew realized the authorities have expelled the Jews hopelessness of his existence. 'fhe from all villages and holy cities, t11U~ large-hearted millionaire Baron de overcrowding the already overcrowd- Hirsh laid on the altar his whole fored Jewish Ghettos within the Pale tune of $75,000,000 to transplant the Settlement. All the universities and schools for higher education were

Jewish people from Russia to a place Russia. This was a thing that even of safety, and other Jewish philan- Jewish leaders did not expect.

thropists united with him in this Now what do we see? The three newly found hope. Their efforts were hundred and fifty thousand Russian so successful that in twelve years Jewish soldiers are not only girded (1899-1913) they stimulated an emi- and warring, but their heroism, un- gration to America alone of 1,347,- selfishness, resourcefulness and actual 599 Jews; and at least 500,000 settled leadership when emergencies occurred in Great Britain, Palestine, and other on the very battlefield, called out the parts of Europe. praises of the Grand Duke, the Com- What a tragic awakening came in mander-in-Chief of the Russian a1l9l14t,h•ewiirth a fierceness that shattered armies, who tells us that they do not fondest hope. When the stand a whit behind the best of the new census appeared in Russia, it was Russian veteran regiments: Literally found that the Russian Jewry had in- hundreds secured the highest order creased to 6,060,000, and that during for bravery, namely, that of the St.

the past fifteen years there was an George's Cross. So many have actual increase of 845,000 Jews. This bravely laid down their lives that revealed a most disappointing and some of the leading Jew-haters have disquieting situation, for the constant profest conversion. The agitation heavy emigration has been more than in their favor went so high that The neutralized by the natural increase of Globe of October I, 1915, states that the .population. While new Ghettos a Jew, M. Weinstein, has been actu- have been planted on both sides of ally elected a State Councillor of the the Atlantic, the Pale Settlement Russian Empire.

exists with all its grim misery with The tragedy comes home very close, a population driven closer to its walls. when we realize that the three hun- Six million still tremble at the word dred and fifty thousand Jewish sol- "Pogrom." That is the net result of diers are not only fighting for Russia, sixty years' striving! but they are killing their own Jewish It was at the very time of this brethren, who are serving in the op- tragic awakening, that the awful posing armies. There is still a larger nightmare of this darkest of all wars and sadder result; the six millions of in the world's history, came as a Jews in Russia have become virtually thunderbolt on the whole Jewry. But enemies of their Jewish brethren in the Russian Jews have proved that Germany and ,Austria.

there is a loyalty and a love for a Jewish Tragedies in Russia native country which surpasses all other considerations and no personal The Russia-Polish-Jewish tragedy barrier, however dark it may be, can is so momentous and pressing, that come between them and their native we can not conscientiously leave off home. Not only have the' Jews in here, without giving some actual de- Russia shown their undoubted loyalty, tails of the frightfulness and shock- but Russian Jews living in England ing suffering of the Jews in the and America and other parts of the Eastern war zone,. trusting that we Continent, went back to fight for may thus be used of God to awaken

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

a prayerful and a material interest on quires the pen of Dante adequately behalf of these unfortunate suffering to narrate. Not one Jewish soul of people. The Jewish Chronicle for all this vast population was allowed July 23, 1915, contains the following to remain, so that towns which had story of a terrible indictment: contained a large proportion of J ew- "Facts that have been detailed to ish inhabitants were deserted. Aged the present writer by friends in whose men, little children, women-even impartiality and veracity he could those hourly expecting to become have nothing but perfect confidence, mothers-some clutching to their are backed up and confirmed to a breasts their new-born babes; people large extent by an official document, insane, cripples, the blind; those who an Order of the Day, issued by the were sick unto death-there was no Russian Generalissimo. This Order exemption for any. The decree, it seems to have been promulgated in must be admitted, had at least the March last. It decreed nothing less merit of impartiality. For not only than the expulsion of all Jews from were the families of soldiers fighting military zones in Galicia, Bukovina, at the front doomed by it, but sol- and Poland. The excuse for this diers who had received permission terrible determination was an easy for furlough in their native towns, one to find ready at hand. It was the and soldiers whose bleeding wounds alleged disloyalty of the Jewish popu- were still unhealed, the Jewish lation. That allegation, needless to nurses who attended them in the say, could have been based- at most local hospitals, and even the Jewish upon the treason of a few individuals. military doctors-all had to go into But the Russian government, better- exile. Even the rage and fury of ing Burke, indicted a whole nation. battle respects the Red Cross. Shel- The decree, too, was directed, not at tered beneath that symbol are the any locality, nor at any general sec- wounded in war, and those who are tion of the population. It was a de- attendant upon the soldiers who have cree against Jews as Jews. fallen. But this decree tore away "And now we have the result. Jews whose condition entitled them Some two hundred thousand Jews to safety as if shielded by the saored who had been living in the confines sign from the terrors of belligerency, of Kovno, Kurland, and Suwalki were and it sent them with their brothers exiled by the Russian authorities, so and sisters into exile. No wonder that, in the technical language em- we read that the poor people were ployed, those districts might be 'maddened unto despair; that they 'evacuated of Jews.' Our un.for- turned and destroyed their goods tunate brethren upon whom this de- and chattels, their household gods of cree fell were compelled to obey it generations, preferring to leave be- by a short notice, varying from eight hind them the ruin of their property hours to thirty at the most. In that rather than it should fall into the time two hundred thousand people hands of their despoilers.

had to leave their homes, their pos- "It were futile to attempt to des- sessions, their all, and face-they cribe with anything like completeness knew not what! What followed re- what this horrible decree meant to

the two hundred thousand poor Jews The actual woes, sorrows, and upon whom it fell. But the order agonizing tragedy of the martyrdom for their expulsion was not the end of the Great Jewry will never be by any means of the horrors which fully told; nor are we able to comawaited them. For the conveyance prehend the magnitude of its frightof these people from their homes to fulness and its horrors. The Hon. some far-distant Eastern province, Louis de Brandeis, chairman of the there were provided some twenty-six U.· S. Government Business Com- 'extra trains,' as they were called. mittee at Washington, tells us that Each of these 'trains' consisted of no less than five hundred thousand from forty to seventy wagons, into Jews have fast their lives since the which was huddled pell-mell this war started, either on the battlefield population of misery. The poor or by the invading armies. people had been able to take with them only a few of the most neces- With Mr. Herman Landau, chairsary of their possessions, and there man of the Central Committee, we in these 'trains' they were crowded feel thai: "A cry of frenzied despair together-men, women, and children comes from those countries. The of all kinds, 'well-to-do and profes- vast cyclone of destruction, the most sional beggars,' as my correspondent formidable that the world has ever puts it, 'sound persons and infectious seen, has passed over the Jewish patients, all of them thro~n together pale of settlement. Since the time of in this living load.' None of them the Tartar invasion there has never knew whither they were going. With been a country in Europe so utterly exquisite regard for the sufferings of devastated. In many districts not a their exiled passengers, the slow- single congregation was spared; moving 'trains' were not allowed to synagogs were burnt, hospitals and stop at stations where food could be homes for aged and orphans have supplied to the poor wretches. The been destroyed and deserted. A 'trains' could stop only at a distance population full of energy, of reof at least one kilometer from any sources, and of intellectual abilities, station. But the poor stricken is at once thrown into wretched povpeople who were carted away in erty, the brunt of the terrors falling these 'trains' were, perhaps, not much upon hundreds of thousands of refuworse off than the thousands and gees." thousands for whom the 'trains' had no accommodation, but who had to Can the watchmen on the walls of leave, none the less. Twenty-eight Zion be silent at such a dark time of of the poor passengers became insane Israel's sorest distress? The words through their sufferings; typhus of the Prophet Isaiah (58: IQ-II) broke out in this 'extra train'; and should be a timely message to God's death, cruel, lingering death, was the people: "If thou draw out thy soul only mercy which it seemed to the to the hungry, and satisfy the afflictharassed victims would be shown ed soul, then shall thy light rise in obthem by a fate against which they scurity, and. thy darkness be as the were powerless." noonday, and the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones;

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

and thou shalt be like a watered gar- "Great Alms for Palestine" written den, and like a spring of water, whose . upon it, and it is looked upon as a waters fail not." meritorious act to put money in that Zionism and the Future . box, which goes toward the keeping up of the Jewry in Palestine; and the We do not think it is part of the Jewish papers throughout the world Christian Church's duty to assist in were all in praise of the wonderful the restoration of the Jews to Pales- awakening, and visions and dreams tine while in unbelief; we should filled the minds of the Jews through- rather seek to point them to Moses out the world. And what do we find and the Prophets, and urge them to now? Four thous3,nd years ago the flee from the wrath to come and turn Jewish people had fled from the to God: "For thus saith the Lord bondage of Egypt and found a ha- unto the house of Israel, Seek ye Me, ven of rest in Palestine, and now, and ye shall live; but seek not Bethel, after four thousand years, 15,000 nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Jewish refugees have fled from Pal- Beersheba; for Gilgal shall surely go estine to find shelter in Egypt.

into captivity, and Bethel shall come Three notorious Turkish tyrants, to nought. Seek ye the Lord and ye Azymi Bey, Djemal Pasha, and Har- shall live." Amos 5: 4-6. degg Pasha, occupying positions in But as "watchmen upon the walls differeht parts of Palestine and Sy- of Zion," we must take a real inter- ria, have not left an opportunity of est in every movement within Israel. showing their ill-will toward the Jew,'

We have seen such hopeful awaken- and especially giving themselves to ings, a rejuvenation of the whole devastate and erase practically out of Jewry. Forty flourishing colonies existence all Jewish colonies; and to sprung up in the deserts of Palestine be a Zionist is now considered as a and Galilee; waste places rebuilt ; political crime.

Hebrew. became a living language The shattered hope of the Jewish throughout Palestine; ancient songs people in Palestine is, perhaps, one revived, and a new national hope al- or' the severest blows dealt to the most established. And now, the war wandering feet and weary breast.

only fourteen months in existence, all . Net Results these fond hopes and aspirations of poor Israel have evaporated. What will the J ew g~t in return The catastrophe that befel the J ew- for all his services, for his loyalty, ish hope in Palestine is very hard to and for his noble sacrifices in this realize. It is a very conservative es- war? What compensation will be timate that during the past century made to the Jew for all his losses of not less than iroo,ooo,ooo have been lives and properties? Britain and spent by the different Jewish philan- her allies pledged their honor to make thropists, such as Baron Edmund de good to poor Belgium all her losses, Rothschild and other Jewish coloni- as far as compensation could be made zation and Zionistic societies. to a nation which suffered so much!

Practically every Jew in the world But what about the Jews? Three has a little box in his house with millions have actually become beg-

gars. The forty Jewish colonies are "The settlement of the future of devastated. Five hundred thousand Palestine is a thorny question, and one have been slain, besides hundreds of which, if not carefully managed, may thousands who have lost business, lead to a whole series oL future difproperties, etc. Have any of the na- ficulties. What Palestine needs is, tions promised redress? Not a word from the material side, a great exabout it! penditure of capital to develop its devastated agricultural resources. It The Future of Paleatine will never be a rich rand, it has no mineral resources of importance; But surely the Allies will sooner there may be oil, but it has never or later take away Palestine from the been shown to be of commercial imterrible Turk, and they will give it [lortance. Agriculture must always to the Jews. We regret not even be its main support, and in this dihere to be -able to give the faintest rection there are openings for great hope for the Jew. development in afforestation, in irri- gation, and, in the hill country, in Realizing the importance of the terracing. What has been already Palestinian question, and knowing accomplished by the Jewish colonies how seriously God's people are con- -in spite of enormous political diffisidering it, we venture to give the culties-is prophetic of the great following review and possible future things which might be done under action which will be taken by Great more favorable conditions. . . . Britain and her Allies, and in this we fully agree with the well-informed "While the Eastern Church would Near East: "As the Turks have ven- never tolerate the Holy Land being tured to use Palestine as a base for in the hands of the Roman Catholics, a:n attack on Egypt, and even now and vice versa, it is even more cerare over the frontiers at several tain that England would never allow places, it is hardly possible that Pal- -as long as she is responsible for estine can be allowed to continue in the safety of Egypt-any first-class Turkish control. What this land has power to establish herself in such suffered for the long misgovernment proximity to that land. The attempt of the Turks has been witnessed by at revival of an international State tens of thousands of tourists, who after the rno,del of the medieval have had '10 opportunity of seeing 'Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem' their devastations els~where. The would be open to even greater objec- Arab natives of the land-Moslem tions, for the experience of all such and Christian-have long looked for attempts-as witness the latest exdeliverance, and to-day reliable in- periment in Albania-is that a proformation shows that there is no con- tected semi-independent international siderable sympathy in any part of government would be very soon a Palestine with the Turkish ventures, nest of international intrigues and and that the Germans there, tho rivalries. masters of the armies, are so disliked that in the event of any rising against "The third great interest is the Christians they would almost cer- Jewish. It is well known that the tainly be the first victims. whole Jewish world has been stirred

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

hy the movement of 'Zionism,' and tions are in sharp conflict with each Ina!1), thousandf< cherish the hope other. It is not likely that the loyal 'hat the Hebrew race may find a German or Austrian Jew will see eye center for ~beir religion and race in to eye with his co-religionist of Rus- the land of their forefathers. Many sia, France, or England in the politi- wealthy Jews, moved by a sentiment cal development of even Palestine for of what one may almost call patriot- many years to come. . . . ism, and by the more practical desire "The fourth interest in Palestine is to find some way out of the difficul- Moslem. To the whole Moslem world ties that beset so many of the hum- Jerusalem is one of the most sacred bler members of their race in vari- spots on earth, only second to the ous lands. are prepared, if security holy cities of Arabia. The possesof property can be guaranteed, to sion of Jerusalem, together with Mecput very much capital into schemes ca and Medina, gives the Sultan of for developing the land. The Jews Turkey the claim to be recognized as are the only people who have any . the Khalif of Islam. Not long ago great desire to settle permanently on the Moslems of India were stirred to the land. Any scheme, therefore, their depths because of the rumors which is considered for the future of that the inviolability of the Sacred Palestine must allow for them. The Rock in the Haram (the Temple Jew is prepared to colonize the land. Area) had been desecrated by some to develop it, and to make life there English explorers. Any attempt conhealthy and prosperous on a scale nived at by Britain to take the Sawhich no other nation is likely to at- cred Sites, especially those in Jerutempt. Why not, therefore, make salem and Hebron, from Moslem over the land to the Jews? This is control would shake the confidence the serious proposal of' some who of millions of loyal Moslems in the view the question rather as an his- British Empire. While Christians detorical or religious than a prac{ical sire freedom of access to their Holy question. Apart from the very seri- Sites, and Jews, above all, the right ous objections which would certainly of settlement (mostly in parts of the be raised by the Christian powers, land of no special religious interest and by Russia in particular, and the to the churches), the Moslem views even greater difficulty, to be men- the actual possession of. the land as tioned shortly, from the Moslem side, to him of vital importance. For this the practical difficulties from the reason, if for no other, England was purely Jewish standpoint are im- willing, even at great loss to the land mense. Altho the Jews are one of and its inhabitants, to continue to the most ancient of races, they are prop up the Turkish regime. This to-day members of a number of na- having gone, where is a substitute to tions, and certainly all those who are be found? . . . Europeans are too thoroughly identi- "Britain should strive to undo the fied with the nations of which they mistake she made in r840, when she are members to renounce their politi- intervened on behalf of the Porte cal and national interest even in Pal- and wrested Palestine from the Egypestine. Some, at least, of these na- tian rule, to which it had been ceded

by Turkey seven years before. How None of the nations can in the far different had the prosperity of least determine Israel's peculiar des- Palestine been had it formed all tiny. Before Israel's restoration takes these years an integral part of Egypt. place, there must be a reconciliation. Now, under an independent Sultan The foundations of a resting-place of Egypt, Palestine should be once for scattered Israel in Palestine can again brought back to its natural only' be laid on the "stone which the owner. . . ., There is hardly any pos- builders rejected." Jehovah alone sible plan which would so further the will build up Zion, and He will lay Jewish prospects of colonization, as it for its f~:lUndation "A tried stone, a is quite certain there is no Power precious stone, a sure foundation." which looks upon them ~ore sympa- (Isaiah 28: 16. Jer. 31: 8-ro.) thetically than the British government. Palestine has seldom in his- When will the sun begin to shine tory been able to stand alone, .and in upon Israel? Like the first Israelite, the linking: of this land again to it was not till after he was wounded Egypt a step would be taken in keep- that he recognized the Person with ing both with the indications of geog- whom he was wrestling. It was raphy and the teachings of the past. then that he "called the name of the place Penuel: For I have seen God This will not only satisfy the face to face, and my life was premodern Zionistic leaders, whose cry served." It was after this awakenis, 'a legally assured home' for the ing of the Patriarch and recognition homeless Israelites, but this would of the Person, which resulted in reactually harmonize with the true conciliation, that peace' came. It was prophetic vision of Isaiah 19: 23-25 : then that "The sun rose upon him." "In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the The descendants of the first Israel- Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and ite must also first of all recognize the the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Person with whom they are wrestling, Egyptians shall serve with the As- Who alone can bless them and grant syrians. In that day shall Israel be unto them peace. (Zechariah 12: 10.) the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of Then and then only, when Israel the land. Whom the Lord of hosts shall be reconciled to the long-lookedshall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt for and rejected Messiah, the sun my people, and Assyria the work of will begin to shine upon them, and my hands, and Israel mine inheri- the voice of singing and complete retance." joicing will be again heard through- out Jerusalem. Has Israel's Sorrow Ended? At this momentous time in Israel's Israel's bitter cup of sorrow, full history, the voice of God speaks auas it is, has not come to ,an eJ;ld. The dibly to His waiting people in the climax has not come. We believe words of the Prophet Isaiah 62: 6-7, that the above plans undoubtedly will R. V;: "Ye that are the Lord's rebe followed, but even this will not membrancers, take ye no rest, and afford the Jew an abiding-place of give him' no rest, till he establish, rest. and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth.",

With Buddhist

A PRACTICAL STUDY OF ~EUGIOUS UFE AND FAITH IN SIAM BY ROBERT ,E. SPEER, NEW YORK A~th'o! of uMissions arid Modern History"

( gI F a Buddhist were to meet with official leaders whom we ~ visit Ameri~a to learn could not commend, but whom he , what Amencan Chris- would be justified in regarding as men of authority. He might meet tianity is, how would them also at unpropitious times, or ~ we wish him to pro-, ·.,d them careless or hasty or super- ficial or incompetent. But we could ceed? not complain of his forming his own conclusions and reporting to his people We would urge him, first of all, to at home a judgment based on these three sources of information, our sa-, read the New Testament. If he had cred books, our common life, and our religious teachers. not already done this, he would glad- In just these ways we have been ly do it, and be happy to find that seeking to study the religious life of Siam and the character of Siamese the original, authoritative books of Buddhism. I shall try to set down here some report of our talks with Christianity were so small and so ac- Buddhist priests.

cessible. But he would probably say One conversation was with a group of young priests in a new, gaily decthat he knew from experience that orated temple in the city of Prae, in northern Siam. Most of the temthe actual religious life of a nation is ples which one sees in Siam are either very old or else, by reason of often widely at variance with its sa- wear or neglect, have the appearance of old age. Hitherto the repair of cred scriptures. He, would also say temples which others have built has not been regarded as a means of that one of the things in which he making religious merit. The King is seeking to introduce a different senwas most interested was the character timent and to persuade men that the preservation of the old temples is as and amount of this variance, and meritorious as the erection of' new. This temple was either new or as what he, would like most of all would good as new. Elephant bells hung around the cornice and along the be to' wander among the common roof-ridge. The pillars and door- ways were glittering with colored people arid study their daily life, with its moral practises and religious observances.

We would answer that his method'

of procedu.re was just, but that we would be sorry to, have him judge American Christianity in this way, as many of our people are only perfunctory Christians or Christians not at all in any deep, personal way.

We should like to have him check the judgments which he might gather from such general observations by per!onal interviews, with our relig- ious leaders. It might be with mis- givings that we would urge this course upon him. He could so easily

glass and new gilt. The great ala- "Above us," they answered, pointbaster-faced image of Buddha gazed ing upward. passively down the temple walls, newly painted with scenes of Bud- "Is Buddha God?" dha's earthly life. "Surely, yes," they declared. "And is he the only God?" A dozen young priests and some "No, there is another one who is boys from the temple school gath- to come from heaven, too, the Budered around us. We asked them dha of mercy, Prah alaya mettai." when Buddha was born, and in what When we prest them further about country he had lived. the meaning of religion and the' thought of God, they could only "0," said they, "he lived so long answer that they knew that Buddha ago that we do not know when or was he, that the idol was not God, where it was." but the image of him. It was a friendly group, eager to We asked if they could tell us, .hear our questions, and earnest in then, any facts about him? What he their answers, but most of them were had done or said? Did they know only boys, representative of that what he had taught ab-out God? great host of lads, who, after the an- cient but now relaxing custom of "No," said they, "we are sorry we Siam, are expected to spend a few can not tell." months at least in the priesthood be- fore going out to take up the re- We a~ked if there WaS not some- sponsibilities of men. They did not thing else about which they could know much, and their ignorance was tell us about what he had taught representative of the religious ideas men. of great masses of the people. Before we judge too harshly, how- "0, yes," they said, "he taught us ever, it would be well for us to rethe Siamese and Lao languages." flect upon what a Buddhist visitor to America might meet with under cor- "What was this great idol looking responding circumstances in our own down upon us?" we asked. land.

"It is the image of Buddha," they At a Buddhist Ordination replied. "He gave us thi.s image and told us that it was a true. image, and From this, let us turn to a converbade us to worship it." sation Qf a quite different character with a clever, intelligent, open-heart- "Can Buddha hear and help?" we ed priest in the Pak oi Wat in asked. Chieng MaL "Yes, he can," they replied. It was the fifteenth day of the "Well, then, is he not in Ni,rvana, waxing moon, one of the Buddhist and in Nirvana is it not true that holy days, and I had gone to the men neither see nor hear nor feel, Wat with the hope of attending a but are freed from all consciousness Buddhist service with Dr. Campbell and action and desire?" of Chieng Mai, a missionary who Of these things they could not say, knows the sacred hooks of Siamese and of what Nirvana might be they could not tell. "Well, then," we asked, "where IS Buddha ?" "In heaven," they replied. "And where is heaven?"

WITH BUDDHIST PRIESTS

Buddhism and understands the way~ a great love in their hearts for Budto human hearts, including the hearts dha?" of priests. Entering the temple, we found that we had come upon a sort {{They hesitate to reply for themof ordination service. Two young selves," said the older priest, "but I men were passing from the first to will answer for them. They are, inthe second order, from the diaconate deed, truly devoted to the Buddha's to the full priesthood as it were. The religion, and desire to give their lives older priest, who was conducting the to it." service, saw us as we stood in the doorway, and cordially invited us to "And will Buddha help them and come in and to sit down near him. be with them?" I asked. "Do they The two young priests were seated love him as their friend, and have on mats before the altar, on which, they the comfort of his companionraised high, were three images of ship ?" Buddha draped in yellow and white and red. Beside each of the young "Oh, no," was the reply; "Budmen lay a great pile of gifts, new dha i5 gone to Nirvana, and he can yellow robes, pillows with ends em- 110t hear or help or walk with m~n. broidered in silver, white umbrellas, We have only what he was and what candles, pieces of colored, printed he taught. It was for that reason cloth, new begging-bowls with red that he left this image, that we might and yellow bands to hang them about remember him and the way which he the neck, brass basins, and, near by, found." for each young priest, a great dinner waiting in a dozen different "But," we urged, "is there no God bowls arranged on a tray. Behind to whom they can look for help?" the boys were members of their families, mothers especially, and "Oh, yes," said he, "they pray toother women kin for whom such an ward the Coming One." He meant act as this of the boys was the the next Buddha, whose coming greatest possible merit-making. These Buddha foretold, and whom, far and had their little bowls of fruit and wide, the Siamese Buddhists, at flowers, whose heavy fragrance filled least, dimly expect, and some of the temple. them not dimly but earnestly.

We hesitated to intrude on such a "But where is the Coming One?" ceremony, but one of the young we inquired. "Is he not somewhere priests picked up a cigarette and now where he can be reached?" lightec;l it, pleased apparently at the interruption, and the older priest in "No," said the priest, "he is not charge was so genial and urgent that born yet." we came in and took our places beside him. "But, surely," we said, "there must be some God back of all these men "I am a stranger from abroad," I who are not and who then are born said, Dr. Campbell translating, "may and who then die and are not any I ask whether these young men have more. The world was here, and men and women were here before Buddha came. Who made these?"

"Yes," he answered, "all these were here before Buddha, but there was no God before him, nor any need of God. People were all good

then and n~eded no deliverance from priests, who held a great fan up- sin and no revelation of a Way, but right before his face and recited they fell into evil. Then in mercy, slowly the five commandments. Then, Buddha came down to give them while the temple attendant laid the belp." offering of fruit and food before the images, he prayed for their accept- It was early morning, and we had ance with many a monotone of Budmade appointments which called us dhist prayer and in ideas never away, but we asked our friend learned from Buddhism but caught whether some time during the day from Christian influence, asking the country people would not be com- "that we all might be brought to the ing in with their offerings. Could heavenly home where death and sorwe come back then ? "Yes, indeed," row may not come." he said, "by all means." He would be glad to have us return early in Then our friend, the priest, took the afternoon when the people would up the conversation again. He asked be there. what my work was. Why had I come so far? And exprest the hope So early in the afternoon we re- that my errand might be prosperous. turned. Alas! the temple doors were locked, and we went away disap- I replied that I was traveling to pointed at our loss and also in the see the minds of men, and was chieftrush~orthiness of our friend of the morning. We had scarcely left the ly interested in what men thought temple grounds, however, before we about God and the world, and in the saw coming toward us a procession truth that they believed they had of yellow-robed priests, followed by found.

worshipers bearing bowls of lac- He said that this was good, that all quer and silverware filled with of- men must seek the truth and- could ferings. In the midst of them was only rest when they thought they our friendly priest. He greeted us had found it.

cordially, and told us that they were I replied that the truth that I had now on their way to the temple with found, which seemed the best of all the offerings. Would we not return truths, was that God who had made with him? So we joined th~ proces- all the world was the Father of us sion and went back. men and loved us and would live The temple doors were unlocked with us.

and we passed in. The two young "Even so," he said, "all men seek priests resumed their places, and, happiness. Surely in heaven it will just behind them clean mats were be found, and beyond heaven there spread for us. Beside us, on a raised is Nirvana."

platform, sat the older priest, talk- "Yes," I answered, "but I do not ing freely with us and explaining all want a Nirvana beyond heaven, an that was done. Behind us sat the extinction beyond joy. Lives I love other folk with their offerings, the have gone forward into those strange sweet, heavy odors again filling the places, and I want to meet them and temple. A temple attendant brought know them again." .

the offerings to one of the younger "Oh," said he, "I believe that even

WITH BUDDHIST

in Nirvana we shall have our friends The opinion of such a priest as and know and be known." this would be valuable, and I told The chant of the man who was praying before the images rose and him that I was in doubt as to the fell. "To whom," I asked, "is the man praying?" meaning of Nirvana. Did it mean, "To Buddha," answered he. I asked, as some held, complete ex- "And is Buddha God?" "Yes," he replied, "I think of him tinction, or did it mean conscious as 'God." "Why, then, the idols; these three bliss? Which of these was the goal in yellow and red and white?" "Oh," said he, "to please Buddha, and hope of Buddhism? men may rightly make these images, one man one, and another another, "I think Nirvana will be a place until there are many, tokens of our love, symbols of our remembrance." of perfect conscious happiness," he I brought away, when we left; one of his old rosaries which he gave me answered. ' and sent back to him some gifts, including the New Testament, which "Will we know one another there?" he promised to read. It will confirm to him that hope of the future life "I do not think we shall." which he did not learn from Buddha but which glows irrepressibly in the "Is Buddha there?" human heart. "Yes." A Roadside Conversation "Where is Nirvana?" Another conversation was one hot afternoon on the road between Lam- "I do not know." poon and Me Tah, when we stopt to rest in the shade beside a wayside "Will we know Buddha there ?" market booth in the forest. A little boy with paralyzed legs crept on his "Yes, I think we will." hands and knees from out a nearby hut and an aged, blind woman fol- "Who will attain Nirvana?" lowed begging alms. A Buddhist priest sitting near by might or might "Those who have obeyed and folnot have seen them. He was from a monastery near Lambang, and had lowed Buddha." been at Lampoon helping at the funeral service of a great priest there. "What will become of that great The number of priests in many of the temples has fallen off, so that majority of men who never heard of men must be called sometimes from other cities to these services. Buddha ?"

"I do not know."

"Well, if Buddhism is so good and indispensable, are Buddhists doing anything to spread the knowledge of it through the world?"

"I do not know."

"Do you not think that if they be- lieve in it they ought to spread it?"

"Oh, if any are trying to do so, well and good; and if not, good and well."

A missionary sitting by gave some help to the old blind woman, but the priest rose and went ,on his way.

The Chief Priest of Buddhism The Buddhist Church in Siam ap- pears to be a very loose institution, with nothing either in its local tem- ples or in its national system at all corresponding to the efficiency and

compactness of our church organiza- he added, "but the only one which I tion; but there is a head or chief would approve is Rhys Davids's."

priest of all Siamese Buddhism, We asked whether Buddhism real- Prince Vajiranana, an uncle of the ly was one religion or wheth~r Sia- King of Siam, and one of our most. mese Buddhism differs radically interesting conversations was with from the Buddhism of Japan and him. He was a small, lithe man, of China, and also if, judging from the ascetic appearance, clad in a simple conversations which we had had with yellow robe, characteristic of Bud- Siamese priests, Siamese Buddhism dhist priests in Siam, in accordance' must not be regarded as widely difwith the traditions that Buddha chose ferent also from the Buddhism of' this style of dress because of its rude Ceylon. "Certainly," we continued, "the thoroughgoing Buddhists of or despised associations. The Prince Ceylon regard Nirvana as annihilaunderstood English and spoke it tion or extinction, and of all whom slowly and accurately, but in the we have met in Siam, only one man warmth of conversation constantly could tell us of having ever heard dropt i4: for Siamese, and asked to a Siamese Buddhist speak of extinchave most that was said in English tion as the goal of being." interpreted. "Yes," replied he, "northern and In the large audience room of his southern Buddhism are distinctly dif-.

palace, in connection with one of the ferent and, beside this radical dif- great temples of the city, was a sort ference, there are many sects in Bud- of throne pulpit from which he re- dhism just as there are in Protes- ceived in state, but he met us in a tantism, but I do not think that these most friendly and simple fashion in sects matter much in either case. I a small adjoining library. Several can tell the difference between Prot- missionaries were in the party, and estantism and Roman Catholicism, he knew well who we were and why but not between the Protestant de- we had come, and met us with the nominations."

cordiality and responsiveness of a vVe asked whether our impression gentle and truly religious man. His was correct that the Buddhism of spirit, far from being passive and in- Siam differs from the Buddhism of ert, was vivacious and intensely alive. Ceylon fundamentally in its idea of We told him that we were more the ultimate life of the soul.

deeply interested in the religion of "Perhaps it does," he said. "As Siam than in anything else that ~e for myself, I believe in the trans- had seen, and wondered whether he migration of the soul, which is an could recommend any book in Eng- older idea than Buddhism and has lish, if possible, which gave a just been taken up by it, and which prom- account of the Buddhism of Siam. ises the soul a final purification and "I could name several books on the an eternal conscious happiness after subject," he answered. Then, ignor- the long struggle between good and ing such books as Fielding Hall's evil has been' wrought out. Some "The Soul of a People,'" and Ala- years ago," he continued, "Dr. John baster's "The Wheel of the Law," Fox, secretary of the American Bi-

WITH BUDDHIST

bleSociety, on his visit to Siam, pre- "But," we asked, "do not Budsented me with a Bible and asked me dhists worship Buddha as God?" to read it. He told me that he would pray for me as he read. I have read "No," he replied, "certainly they it, and think that ·the New Testa- do not. Buddha is simply a great ment idea of eternity is very much teacher who discovered the way and the same as the Siamese Buddhist left behind the treasure of his exconception of Nirvana. Some I know ample and his teaching." teach that Nirvana means extinction, but I do not believe this. I think "But," we asked again, "do not that evil will be extirpated and that Buddhists have an idea of God begood will abide, and that the soul yond Buddha, of a supreme personal will come at last through all the ruler of the universe?" wheeling processes of its experience to perfect holiness and calm:" "No," he answered, "none. The universe is not to be explained in He had read in the Bible of the terms of creation and sustenance by Holy Spirit and Satan, powers of a personal God. The world and all good and evil that now work and things, mountains and trees, stars and war in man. These powers Bud- suns, are all simply the effects o~ dhism recognized, he said, but only natural causes, and these causes are as forces not as in any sense per- themselves the effects of causes sonal. Indeed, he could not accept which preceded them. Buddhism the Bible teaching regarding a per- knows only Buddha and nature, but s~nal God and Jesus Christ as a per- it has no personal God nor any idea sonal deity. He could not embrace of God at all." any conception of personal deity. There was no flinching. It was "Does this view," we asked, "ac- the most authoritative voice in Siacount for the use of images of Bud- mese Buddhism, and it disclaimed dha, which might take the place of God. a personal thought of God?" A Symbolic Painting "Images," he answered, "are simply a reminder. They were original- In the great throne hall, begun by ly forbidden.in Buddhism; but it is the late 'King of Siam and now neareasy to explain their origin. In my ing completion, there is an interesting own case you may have noticed in symbolic painting high up on the the adjoining room a throne or pul- wall above the entrance from his pit. When my friends want me to Majesty's palace. At the top of the come to" some distant part of the picture and painted with a skill that country, I find they have an altar makes it stand out as tho it were ready. for me on which I may sit. carved relief, is a great image of Even in my case it would be an easy Buddha. Just below is the Siamese thing for my friends to take the next throne with the King seated upon it, step, and, during my absence, to put and gathered around are the repremy image there as a reminder of me. sentatives of the great religions of This is all that the images of Bud- the world. Its meaning is not altodha are." gether clear. The Siamese gentle- man who explained the picture to us did not regard it as representing the

submission of all religions to Bud- knowledge? Can men who have God dhism, but rather as the friendly as- refrain from offering Him to men sembly of all in the tolerant freedom who have not? Whatever truth we which has prevailed in Siam. have, are we not bound both to hold and to propagate?" We asked Prince Varjiranana what he thought the future of religion in "Your Royal Highness," asked one the world would be. Would there of the missionar~es, as we were about be just one religion throughout all to leave, "is it right for Buddhist the earth? If so, would that reli- parents who have a Christian son to gion be some one of the present re- try to force him into the Buddhist ligions, or a composite of them all, priesthood, and ought such a son, or a new religion? Or would each out of filial loyalty, against his conreligion keep in general its own pres- victions, to enter the priesthood to ent territory? make merit for those he loves?"

"No," he replied, "there will never "N0," replied the Prince and chief be one. Traditions and family loy- priest, speaking straight as a man. alty; the conservatism of race and of "No; men should be true to their individual conviction, national and real convictions." Then he added personal obligations will hold men to kindly to the missionary who had their own inherited faiths." asked the question, and who had been a long time in Siam, "1 hope that you How, we might have asked, but will stay in our country and will not did not, under such a principle, could go away." Buddhism or any other religion ever have begun? The missionary will stay and mis- sions will stay. They have a word "All religion," he continued, "is for Siam which Buddhism has never essentially the same. Strip. away the spoken and can never speak, the ceremonies and the doctrines, and the word of a living God come close to ethical substance which is left is the humanity and saying, "I am come a common law of truth and honesty light unto the world. He that foland love. The unification of man- loweth me shall not walk in darkness kind in obedience to this common but shall have the light of lIfe. I moral law, and in the bonds of hu- am come that ye may have life and man brotherhood is the real goat All that ye may have it abundantly. I proselytism is sectarian· and ought go to prepare a place for you, and not to be." if I go I will come again and re- ceive you unto myself that where I "But is the spread of truth pro- am there ye may be alsol . . . Come selytism?" we might have asked. "Is unto me and be alive forevermore." it not the duty of those who know or who believe they know to share their THE TESTIMONY OF A KING Chulalongkorn, the late King of Siam, said publicly: "American missionaries have done more to advance the welfare of my people than any other foreign influence."

OUT TO ATTEND A VILLAGE MEETING IN NORTH

Breaki~g With Idols In India A GLIMPSE OF THE MAS'S MOVEMENT IN INDIAN VILLAGES BY MRS. THOMAS S. GLADDING,*' MONTCLAIR, N. J.

~~~~~~aINE calm evening in cottage wall on which were pasted up to dry the round cakes of dung- O ~ April, 1913, I sat on "India's wood pile" as a missionary the porch of adak called it. bungalow (govern– ment rest-house) in On this evening I saw in reality northwest India, think- the smoke of only one fire. Before ing how true to life was Kipling's me stretched the great north road of description of "the smoky Indian India on its way from the northwest evening." In imagination I could to Calcutta. Under the trees near see the smoke rising from one hun- by was a characteristic encampment -dred thousand little fires near where some Indian teamsters with one hundred thousand low huts their white bullocks were tarrying for where the evening rice was being rest and food before traveling on by cooked in 'big earthenware pots. I moonlight. The bullocks, released had seen many a village woman with from the heavy yoke, were slowly a large basket on her head, scraping eating their evening meal. The men up with her bare hands the cow- were smoking and chatting and waitdung by the road, to be dried and ing for their rice to cook. used as fuel for these same fires. In north India I had seen many a We had come by train from Delhi to spend a day with Mr. and Mr".

• Mr. and M…. Gladding have recently returned from a two years' tour of the mission field durin&' which they had many most interesting experiences.-EDlTOR.

Wilson of the Methodist Mission in where a number of the people had touring among certam villages, a already accepted Christ. This was part of the wide territory where they an apostolic call, and the welcome have had a wonderful manifestation given to the Wilsons, the Indian of the mass movement. preacher and their guests was pa- By government permission they thetic in its warmth and wistfulness.

were using the dak bungalow as a Some songs were sung, and the vil- base for their touring in that part lagers were put through a simple of the country. They had brought catechism. "Who is God?" "Who their cook and some camping sup- is Jesus Christ?" etc. Words of en- plies from their Delhi home. They couragement were spo~en, and an had a small sleeping-room in the offering was taken, as Mr. vVilson bungalow, we had another; arid their said, "in order that you may. help third guest, an Iowa clergyman, otber people to hear this same Gos- slept in the dining-room. pel that you have heard." Out from The following morning we started hidden and supposedly impossible for our long day's drive in three places in loose cotton garments were ekkas-we two ladies on one, Mr. produced bits of money, and to our Wilson and his Indian preacher on surprize the collection amounted to a second, and Mr. Gladding and the about sixty cents. The money was Iowa clergyman on the third. An given with a charming eagerness and ekka is a springless native cart, with an evident joy in having a part in high wheels and a little wooden plat- spreading this wonderful new Gospel form above the wheels on which the o-f which they had so recently heard.

passenger is expected to curl him- The whole company accompanied llS self up in as small a compass as through the dust to where our ekkas possible. The driver balances him- stood waiting and gave us an affec- self on the front of this platform tionate farewell.

and directs each passenger where he In the second village we sat down '

sila,!1 sit in order to give the right upon the string beds brought out into balance for the comfort of the native the open for our comfort, and again pony. Mr. Gladding describes an the people were asked the simple, ekka as an instrument of torture, direct questions of the catechism and a missionary says: "The cart which Mr. Wilson had prepared for IS about as comfortable as riding in them. Again they sang the songs a wheelbarrow, only that you would recently taught them, and learned have more room to distribute your- some new ones, and an offering was self about and shift your points of taken with a surprizingly generous tnisery in the wheelbarrow." In our result. One man gave a fowl which long drive of thirty-two miles, part of would be sold and the money turned the time over what they call kufcha, into the treasury. The bird, with its or poor-roads, we had ample oppor- legs tied, was made as comfortable tunity to test all the possibilities of as possible, and was Mr. Wilson's discomfort to be found in an ekka. traveling companion on his ekka plat- Our first visit was to the outcaste form for the rest of the day.

portion of a dusty country viIIage One villager, a tall man with a

WITH IDQLS IN

beaming face, insisted on holding "Brother," he responded, "I wrll over me a battered cotton umbrella drink where the other ekkas drink." as I sat in the hot sun. When I asked Mr. W ilson to thank him, he When we came to a second roadtouched his right hand to his fore- side well, with a clump of trees head in a graceful salaam, and said: nearby, we all stopt for luncheon. "You are our father and our Our ekka men unharnessed their mother." ponies and gathered from a field great armfuls of a grain whose fruit Once more the little company was very like a pea in a green pod. walked with us to our carts, urging T here is an unwritten law or custom 500 PEOPLE GAT HERI N G FOR THE MEETING AT WHICH PEOPLE WERE BAPTIZED IN ONE DAY the Wilsons to come again soon. in India permitting the passer to Before long we were on our way in gather a reasonable armful of the the hot sun along a bumpy road, for grain for himself and his beast. The we had left the rn,ain highway and ponies ate the unripe stems and pods, were going across country. Our and the men ate with apparent relish driver talked continually to his pony the green peal ike seeds. From our in picturesque Indian fashion, and point of view it seemed a very poor . Mrs. Wilson translated as we went meal for human beings. along. We encamped under the trees and "Now, my daughter," he would ate our luncheon of cold chicken, say, "we are coming to a big hole bread and butter, and tea from our in the road. Be brave, be brave!" thermos-bottles. Chicke~ i~ india can, hardly be called luxurious fare, Once we passed some men draw- as the fo~ls . are usually very tough ing water at a roadside .well. They and ' stdngy~ They must be eaten called out to our driver, inviting him s>on after. they .are killed, ~s the t~ ' stop and have " a cool drink.

climate is hot and there is not the men of our party, a little distance luxury of ice. away. The mohalla was a hollow An itinerant conjurer appeared square, three sides being formed by with his assistant, squatted in front low mud cottages facing on the of us, and .proceeded to give us his square, each with its single door for entertainment. He was a tall man, entrance, light, and air. The fourth with long hair falling upon his shou1- side of the square WaS formed by a clers, which he tossed back now and low wall, in which was a narrow then with graceful gestures. His gate, the only entrance to the en- hands were like the hands of most closure.

In'dians, slender and well-shaped, and First came salutations, greetings, he used them most dramatically. He and some catechizing, and then fol- flashed in the air a basket to show lowed the listing of the popUlation us that it was empty, turned it upside of the .entire mohalla, the Indian down on the ground, lifted it, and pastor writing down the names of lo! there was a cooing dove. Again each householder and his whole he flashed the basket in the air and family. The Chaudhri or village turned it over the pretty dove. When headman, a dignified old man, acted he lifted it there were two doves as informal host. After the roll was standing side by side. "Make four taken Mrs. Wilson quietly said to doves come," said Mrs. _Wilson. the women that as they were to be, The man showed his white teeth in baptized and to trust themselves to a burst of laughter. "It's hard Christ they must remove the charms enough to make two come," he said, and amulets which they wore to ward "I couldn't make four come." off the evil eye and to protect them- We gave him a modest tip for his selves from disease. This was in- little show, and he seemed quite deed a test of faith. But the wo- happy. Then we started on again men began to untie bits of stone and refreshed for our last and most im- metal which were fastened around portant visit. We were to see the their necks by dirty pieces of string, people in the outcaste ward, or mo- and gave them over to Mrs. Wilson's halla, of a third village, and the en- keeping. One woman hesitated to tire company were to be baptized into take from her baby's tiny wrist a the Christian faith if they showed little round stone tied with its bit themselv~s ready fa; baptism. of string. "Oh, mem sahib, that We found the people of the mo- keeps my baby from taking cold,"

halla, which Mr. Gladding said might she said anxiously. However, she well be called "mud-hollow," waiting finally decided to take it off, and to for us with the same eager and beam- trust herself to the new Lord of ing expectation that had character- whom sh,'! had so recently heard.

ized the other villagers. String beds It is an interesting principle in the were brought out, and the company work of these missionaries that every crystalized into two groups, the wo- act of faith shall be actually com- men squatting around Mrs. Wilson mitted by the people themselves, so and myself, th'e men sitting on their that MrS. Wilson did not herself heels, Indian fashion, around the remove the .charms. Mr. Wilson

WITH IDOLS IN INDIA

said that one reason why he took of faith for the entire mohalla of these long journeys, not trusting bap- lhout sixty people, by which they tisms to his native preachers alone, would commit themselves to their was .because he wished to be sure new belief.

that the people took each step them- Here the people halted. One could selves after its importance had been see by their faces that they feared explained to them. They would some calamity might befall th~ if never be able to say in the future, they should commit what had so "We did not do it. The padre sahib lately seemed to them an impious took the responsibility." • and defiant act. Just here occurred While the women grouped around Mrs. Wilson were divesting them- selves of their so-called charms down to the last bit of stone on its dirty string, the men were also doing the same thing. Then came the breaking- down of the altars in each of the little cottages. The altars were simply low mud platforms built against the wall, on which were of- fered bowls of rice, sweetmeats, and fruit.

Each householder broke up the low altar in his own house, the en- tire company of his fellow villagers attending him. One cottage was found locked and its mistress was THE MAN WHO BROKE DOWN THE IDOL'S ALTAR said to be away. Mr. Wilson quietly said that no baptisms could take the most striking and dramatic in- place until the cottage door was cident of a memorable day. Soon oRened and the altar, if there were after our arrival a young man, ap- an altar, was broken down. The parently paralytic from the waist owner was found in a surprizingly down, had been brought into the short time, opened her door, and enclosure by his wife and a neigh- broke down her altar. bor, and had been seated on the Then came the last and greatest ground. He had a bright, intelligent trial of faith. In the midst of the face, and had watched with the dusty mohalla square stood a tree, greatest interest the procedure of the and around the tree a mud altar had afternoon. I supposed that he looked been built up, about waist-high. On on simply with the curiosity of an this platform were offered the sacri- invalid to whom any change from fices ()f rice and fruit to Lal Beg, the monotony of helplessness was the god of the sweeper caste, for the welcome.

prosperity and health of all the When the people were hesitating mohalla. To break down this altar and talking among themselves about would be to perform a collective act, the destruction of Lal Beg's altar,

this man suddenly spoke out: "If no you had a fourth child," said the one else will break down the altar Indian preacher, consulting his list.

I will do it!" he said. A thrill went "He is only a baby and he is asleep.

through the company, and wiIIing Shall we bring him out ?" "Yes,"

hands picked him up and carried him said Mr. Wilson, "we want you to to the altar where he was placed on the platform. Some one handed him be baptized as a family." So the a small pick used in the fields, and sleeping boy of two was brought with this he hacked away with a will out, and the hand of the preacher at the sun-dried mud, breaking it was placed upon his forehead while into pieces. "This can not hurt us," the words of baptism were prohe called out as he worked. "This nounced. Next came the Chaudhri is only mud. This can not answer us and his family, the old man's white when we pray. We should pray to hair shining in the moonlight when God. He hears us, He can answer he removed his big turban. us." As he spoke he pointed dramatically upward. The men all removed their tur- bans, the shy women pul1ed their It was a thrilling moment, wholly mantles closer over their faces, the unexpected by the villagers and the hand of the officiating mmlster missionaries. One felt a wave of being slipt under the veil to rest reassurance and joy go through the upon their hair.

crowd, pressing clos~ to the man as It was an unforgettable sight; the he sat on the broken altar. "Where little village shining white in the did you first hear of God?" asked moonlight, the kneeling people, the Mrs. Wilson. "Fifteen years ago, hush over all, the quiet voice of the mem sahib," he replied, "I was a missionary committing them to .the boy working on the roads in Simla new faith "in the name of the [some hundreds of miles away]. A Father, the Son, and the Holy miss sahib used to have us come in Ghost."

for tea and cakes and taught us It was almost nine o'clock when hymns. Ever since then I have had we departed for the long drive home.

such a longing in my heart for God." Our pony being young and unsea- "What was the name of the miss soned was soon outdistanced by the sahib?" "1 don't remember her others an~ our exasperated driver name. I remember the cakes and beat the poor little beast with the the tea, and I remember the hymns. flat of his whip handle. "'What do But I have forgotten her name." you mean, pony," said he, "by fall- The afternoon had passed, the ing behind the others and making us evening had come, and the full moon so late?"

was sailing in glory into the clear' It was past midnight when we Indian sky, when the people knelt finally sat down to curry and rice in the dust in the solemn baptismal and some luke-warm chicken. "We service. They were baptized by trust that the experiences of the day families, ,the paralytic who had won't make you ill," said our mis- brokeJ1 the village altar kneeling first sionary hosts. "Surely, if you can with his wife and children. "But stand this sort of thing for three

WITH IDOLS IN

weeks on end, we can stand it for faith. As the missionaries have said, one day," we replied. the mass movement is a wonderful laymen's movement, the village peo- Ve had seen in the visits of the ple themselves being its leaders and day only the barest fringes of the conservers. great mass movement. Eight thousand people were waiting for bap- At the summer-school the morntism at the time we visited Mr. and ings were given to teaching the lVIrs. Wilson. They were unwilling people, who were to be village teachto baptize more people than they ers in their turn, the great essentials were able to shepherd by Christian of the Christian faith. In the after- GROUP OF PEOPLE BAPTIZED IN NORTH INDIA encouragement and instruction. So 11001 the Chaudhris took turns in the people waited hungrily. repeating to their fellow students what they had been taught. On the A few weeks after our visit Mr. clay given to the teaching of the and Mrs. Wilson with some fellow facts of the Crucifixion, the Spirit missionaries, Indian and American, of God swept the entire company. held a summer-school for more than vVhen some of the men themselves two hundred Chaudhrjs and their told in the afternoon, in their own families. It is an interesting tribute way, the story of the Crucifixion, to democracy that in the work of tears rained down the faces of the the mass movement the vVilsons have people and they beat their heads almost always found these village upon the ground: "He did it all headmen or mayors, chosen by the for us. He bore our sins." Mr. people themselves, to be the proper Wilson said that he was never more men on whom to place responsibility thrilled than by the story of the in helping their people in the new

Cross as he heard it from the lips· of For cleansing the heart these Indian converts of the outcaste King Jesus came. multitudes. *' *' *' *' No wonder that the people in their new freedom and new joy are Behold the wonderful love of God! singing everywhere in connection That Jesus has come. with the mass m.ovement the follow- Having given His life upon the ing hymn: Cross, King Jesus came, He has saved me. King Jesus came, To overcome Satan, REFRAIN King Jesus came. Victory, victory, victory to Christ, I am very happy, He who has been crucified. Being forgiven of my sins. Without bounds is His wonderful love. Victory, victory, victory to Christ.

(Free translation) A Letter from Korea LAYING THE CORNER-STONE OF THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL BY ROBERT E. SPEER, E are on our way from The site and the property of the Bible School are admirable. . The lWi~ Korea to Peking, building is being built on a bluff having stopt over Sun- overlooking a beautiful, new, wide day (yesterday) at road, and the grounds are opposite ~ukden to spend the what used to be the ~ulberry Palace; day with the Scotch now largely used for government and Irish missionaries. I had a most school purposes. We have two good interesting week in Korea. Imme- outlets to the street from our bluff, diately on reaching Seoul, on Sep- but the frontage on the street is occutember IIth, I visited the property pied by Korean houses, and I think it purchased for the Arthur T. Pierson wouJd be a mistake not to buy these. Bible School, and met with the Board The Directors estimate that it 'would of Directors. On my return from cost eight or nine thousand yen Pyeng Yang, on Friday, September ($4,000 or $5.000) to do this. 17th, I was present at the ceremony of laying the corner-stone. The foun- The main building is going up very dations have been laid and some of nicely. The cost of it without furthe concrete pillars have been erected. nishings will be about Yen 17,000 ~eanwhile the work of the Bible ($8,500), the furnishing, including School is being carried on at the equipment, plumbing, and heating, ~ethodist Union Theological semi- will add Yen 6,000 or 7,000, and nary some distance away. grading, retaining-walls, etc., will cost

A LETTER FROM KOREA

Yen 800 or 900, or more if we ac- and I made an address and laid the quire the whole street frontage. two comer-stones, one inscribed in The Korean houses on the property English characters, the other In the could be used temporarily for dormitory, but I think that these should Chinese and Japanese characters. We be torn down and a new brick. dor- had a large gathering of Koreans and mitory erected in keeping with the missionaries and one or two Amerischool building and the residence ; can business men. I am sure Dr. such a dormitory to accommodate Pierson looked down with joy upon forty students or more could be built the ceremony and I can not imagine any memorial more appropriate and SCHOOL, KOREA of brick and equipped and furnished attractive than this. The site is far for Yen 5,000. This would make the better than I had ·imagined, and the plant ideal. prospects of doing a great and use- ful work through the school are very At the corner-stone laying, the bright. weather was perfect-a beautiful, clear, autumn day-and we looked I am coming away from Korea out from the site across the city to with. a deeper .regard .for the Japanthe beautiful, mountains beyond.. Dr. ese and. a larger confidence even than Underwood made a brief 'introduc- I have had in the past in their good tory address, a Korean offered faith and worthy purposes with reprayer, Dr. Gale read the Scriptures, gard to Korea.

by the Grenfell Assodation, N. Y

WILFRED T. GRENFELL, M.D., LL.D., C.M.G.

Wilfred Thomason Grenfell was born in Parkgate, Cheshire, England, on February 28, 1865. He studied in Marlborough College, Oxford University. After his conversion, through D. L. Moody. h. became Superintendent of the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen (1890). Two years later he sailed for Labrado r, and is now Superintendent of the large work conducted under the auspices of the Grenfell Association.

GRENFELL'S HOSPITAL STEAMER "STRATHCONA" IN WINTER

"By-Products of Mission Work"

BY WILFRED T. GRENFEIJL, M.D., ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOUNDLAND Medical Missionary to the People of Labrador and Newfoundland HICH are the by-pro.d- Tabernacle, New York, and six men in the crew. mW u c t s 0 f missionary work and which are We are visiting all hospitals and the main products? nursing stations and industrial work ~ Are not the neglected centers, besides incidentally picking by-products sometimes up the sick for the hospital and seeing the most important? any who need our services from the Our total staff now consists of fishing-fleets and stations. Of these some one hundred and seventy work- we have had four hundred in exactly ers. We are so scattered, so diverse three weeks, We also hold court in the methods in ~hich we are trans- when required, endeavor to meet any lating the Gospel that I can scarcely need of destitution or of derelict believe my own figures. Here on. children, and, when possible, gather- the Strathcona, for instance, besides ing the people for talks on things myself in the capacity of skipper interesting to any part of their wel- and medical officer, I have this sum- fare, and trying to relate the whole mer a volunteer dentist from Har- to the message of the aorist-that vard, a trained nurse from New God is love, and that they who serve York, and a volunteer secretary, Him will be lovely if only they act librarian, and accountant in the per- love out. Then there are the hos- son of one of Dr. Charles E. Jeffer- pitals, one of which we. are now son's assistants from the Broadway heading for, some seventy' miles

away, somewhere in the fog of this coast, the additional income is sorely gulf. needed.

Our idea of really bringing modern Weaving, spinning, mat-making, healing in reach of these scattered basket-work from native grasses, toilers has been decentralization; and stone-polishing and skin-boot-making we have now five hospitals practically in various places, are by-products of one hundred and fifty miles apart, this love-message. The large mill, which has made a whole section of THE SCHOOL AT ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOU NDLAND coast "independent" of relief and able to pay their own minister and with good motor-yawls to carry the church, is another "by-product." My sick to and fro. Weare expecting volunte~r manager last year was' a to start another hospital in New- New York lawyer and an All-Amerifoundland this fall~the total cost to can football center rush. Then the be borne by the locality, both of cooperative stores have also to be erection and nursing. We have two visited and encouraged-tho of late small intermediate nursing stations. years they have done the encourage- These are of the utmost value for ment, while I look on, praying that their general uplift; for creating God may give me the capital some public feeling; and cooperating in day to double their numbers. They fights against the liquor traffic, the mean economic freedom, possibility white plague, or any other evil. The of thrift, fair prices, and all the Sister in charge at Forteau has now difference between hunger, with its a very considerable industrial work trail of evils, and "sufficient without going ahead-the most attractive waste." These also are "by-probeing the making of exquisite arti- ducts," but "love's products" to the ficial flowers competing with the best hungry and the 'anxious none the Parisian, whence she both acquired less, and messages as intelligible as the art and purchased her Rlaterials. are any of love's sign-marks to She is so glad to get orders for brothers with human needs; and that them; and this year, the fishing being without the offensiveness of patronvery poor in that section of the age and doles to independent, sturdy souls.

The clothing department is a very large one now. Our agencies enable us to help the poor to acquire this "one-third of their necessities" in a self-respecting way. The beautiful work of the "Ladies Needle Work Guild of America" has made this possible, and thousands will own up, if ever in another world there is a day of confessions, that they were naked, and were clothed through love for Christ.

The fuel I am using on this mis-

BY-PRODUCTS OF MISSION WORK

sian steamer, Strathcona, consists of Two nights ago we visited one of billets of wood, cut, sawed, and these, remaining all night, as the placed on board, in districts where wind was hard against us. The volwood grows plentifully, in return for unteer teacher, a Radcliffe College the woolen garments we bring and girl, is a veritable human dynamo; that are not procurable there. The encouraging the fearful, supplying barrels of dried caplin on deck, for initiative for the reluctant, and the doctor's dog-team next winter, generally seeing that what she knows •••• • ., …. , …… I" tt I' r ,,, It'" IJU1JJU.

THE ORPHANAGE, ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOUNDLAND are a translation of good undergar- "ought" to be done, is done, irrements, while the sand in sacks for spective of all obstacles. The meetour concrete and agricultural work ing she called in "her school" had on the rocky East coast was traded to begin with a new industryfor trousers, or baby garments, or, namely, making mats for which they perhaps, a few good quilts, on a greatly need good clean rag material sandy foreshore section of the Straits for tearing up and weaving in. This of Belle Isle. These are also excel- is to supply clothing for her morelent "by-products of love," referred than-needy village. She has "had to to by the Master himself as such. transgress" the rules of waiting for work or personal effort in the case Then perhaps come the schools- of most of her scholars, who were the one large school at St. Anthony, too naked to come to school at all and the numerous little schools in until garments were donated to them; all sorts of tiny coves and hamlets, but she took our view of pauperwhere volunteer ladies and men are izing even the poorest, and so did healing the intellectual defects in the people. Then followed a health those whose ignorance so cruelly talk on the avoidable diseases of the handicaps them in their struggle for village, and the meeting ended with daily bread.

BATTLE HARBOR HOSPITAL FOR LABRADOR FISHERMEN a lantern lecture on "Japan and from which we hoped so much, and Christianity." The subsequent clinic which at first increased so rapidly. of those who, encouraged by the Of late they have caused us great brotherliness of the evening, ven- anxiety owing to a disease that has tured to my floating surgery, lasted set in among them. We are expecttill it was just time to "Get up our ing an Alaskan expert shortly to adanchors" and start for the next vise us concerning what we still beharbor. lieve would be an all-important ad- junct to the development of life in Meanwhile, a new fast motor-boat this northern wilderness. with two more of our workers had silently crept in and tied alongside of "By-products" all-but products the Strathcona. It was a small craft bringing hope and health to manygiven by the Christian Association of and testifying to the real message the College of Physicians and Sur- that to love the Christ is worth while geons of New York. It belongs to amidst the circumstances of present the station their volunteer workers time and space. It entails concrete established; with school, dispensary, happiness and health of the body as mission hall, and club work, on an well as Of the soul. The great Instiisland of the East coast of Labrador, tute in our capital of St. Johns, Newhalf-way between two of our hos- foundland, continues not only to inpitals, and almost one hundred miles crease in its patronage and its variety from each. The students, one from of services, but to pay in the uplift Rochester and one from Yale, were to the community as well as in the radiant with the good work they had individual life of our seafaring accomplished that day in catching us, brothers. It actually has the seal of at the same time, towing a new large wisdom in being able to defray its fishing-boat to an intermediate port, own current expenses without menfor a fisherman eagerly awaiting it. dicancy. They had also the prospect of a fortymile open-sea journey across the I pass by other "by-products," insomewhat tempestuous straits in their cluding the endless literature and open motor-boat next morning. circulating library boxes, the orphan- age, and the technical education in Near by ar~ the reindeer herd New York of our promising me-

9 1 5] BY-PRODUCTS OF MISSION WORK 92

chanical lads for future service. eral have told me this experience has Even at the risk of being con- turned the whole current of their lives. It has sent some out into the sidered egotistic, I must refer to that uttermost parts of the earth to dewhich is true of every human life, liver the same message we are here the paramount importance of yet one trying to bring in so many ways. This more "by-product." No man and message is that God is our Father, no work liveth unto itself. Of the and Christ is our Savior, that we His numbers of those who come every beloved children are brethren, and year to help our work, almost all that, whatever the prejudices of our have exprest joy not only for the descent or education, whatever the services they could render, but for limitation of capacity of our mental the blessing they personally receive. visions, we are yet privileged with an They may be wealthy beyond the infinitely precious gift of God. This dreams of avarice compared with gift of life, tho often sad on earth, our poor folk, gifted with all the op- may yet always be vigorous because, portunities for education which en- in union with Christ, we too may be lightened America can offer in the spreading the sweet savor of the twentieth century, yet one and all knowledge of Him in every place have testified to the fact that they, always, if only by our "by-products." too, have been at school here. Sev- Russians In the United States THE OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTED TO THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BY PASTOR WILLIAM FETLER,* PETROGRAD, RUSSIA ~~~~~"!!I EW realize the wonder- by itself alone." These foreigners fall ful part which the into American soil to die, and the United States and fruition is certain to coine. What Canada play in the the fruit will be depends upon Ameri- evangelization of Eu- can Christians. If the foreigner rope, and especially of only dies as to his ignorance by receIving mental illumination, it Russia and other countries of East- would have been better for hi11l ern and Southern Europe. Hun- never to have followed the path of dreds of thousands of ignorant and the Pilgrim Fathers. By becoming superstitious people are taken up by clever, without becoming better, he the hand of Providence and are cast has become more selfish, more greedy, upon the American soil where they and more dangerous to himself and are scattered to the four winds. to his fellow men. Christian church- es and individuals must exercise all "Except a grain of wheat falls into the ground and die, it abideth • Mr. FetIer I. now In temporary exile in America., having been obliged to lea.ve Russia. on a.ccount of the opposition of the enemies of evangelical Cbristia.nlty.

their powers so that the foreigner and Ruthenian Baptists and Evan- must die as the apostle Paul died gelical Christians. The Ruthenians with Christ. Then he will become are subjects of Austria-Hungary, a new man, as the son of Resur- dwelling in Galicia, but while they rection. Thus the foreigner may have been forced to fight against become a blessing to the land of his their Russian kinsmen, these peoples adoption. who fight in different armies in Eu- Blessings never go alone. As sin rope have in America given to each begets sin so each real blessing is other the right hand of true Chris- the fountain from which many more tian fellowship under the banner of flow. The evangelization of the for- the Prince of Peace.

eign immigrant has a special mean- The Russians and Ruthenians are ing. Of the foreigners arriving in two brother nations. Their language the United States, some return to is from the same stock, their religion their native land; others become is almost the same, both being Greek naturalized citizens, while still others Catholics, tho a large part of the simply continue guests of the hos- Ruthenians have agreed to accept the pitable country. Of these latter Pope of Rome as the supreme Priest classes, many make more or less of their Church.

regular journeys to their old home- Both of these people use the same land to visit relatives and to satisfy Russian alphabet, and one who their natural homesickness. Even understands Russian can readily read those who remain in America, and fairly well understand the seldom break all their connections Ruthenian, and vice versa.

with the land of their fathers. By The Ruthenians (otherwise called correspondence they keep themselves also the Ukranians or Little Rus- in touch with their kin across the sians) have been deprived for many Atlantic. Thus all of these immi- years' of the possibility of developing grants can influence thousands of their literature and national life.

their countrymen who never dream of Their newspapers have been for- coming to America themselves. vVhat bidden, their poets and writers have this influence is to be must again be suffered persecution, and compUlsory determined by the American Chris- amalgamation with other large na- . -I tions has been pr~st 'upon them. In tians.

After my arrival in the United the United States of America they States last April, the great and needy are as free to use their language and mlSSlOn field among the Russian to think of their national life as the immigrants was at once prest upon American-born citizens themselves!

my heart with a great force. Since What an opportunity there is here that time I have been occupied alto- to give them good Christian liter- gether with this subject. ature in their own language, and so From July 1st to 6th we called to- to transform the lives of many, gether in the City of New York the some of whom will one day go back first union conference of the Chris- to their native land as evangelists, tians of these nations. It was, there- pastors, reformers.

fore, named the Union of Russian The mission work among the Rus-

IN THE UNITED

DR. WRIGHTNOUR BAPTIZING RUSSIANS IN SCRANTON, PA.

sians and Ruthenians in America has Island and in lower New York City. been sadly neglected. Without ade- Mr. Lodsin came from Russia quate organization there has nevertheless been achieved a good' deal of practically against his own wish, essuccess. Several faithful and devoted caping from the danger of being arbrethren have been endeavoring zeal- rested and probably deported to Siously to reach their fellow immigrants beria on account of his religious with the GospeL The first one to be- activities. His wife and children, gin active mission work among the who were following him soon after- Russians i~ N ew York more than ward to this country, went down twelve years ago, was Michael Lod- with a ship which was caught in a sin, formerly a Russian policeman in storm. Bereft of his dear ones, althe town of Windau. After his con- most penniless, he did not lose his version he became an energetic col- faith in God, who had promised "I porteur of the British and Foreign will never forsake you nor leave Bible Society, with fine gifts for you." This promise has been fulpicking up languages while mingling filled, for the last chapter of the with the various nationalities in Book of Job has been reproduced in west central Russia where he was miniature in the case of this man. working. As an enthusiastic personal worker and soul-winner, he has Another worker scarcely less prombeen like a lighthouse to many a inent or less able is John Koles- Russian immigrant, both on Ellis nikoff, whose work has been among the Ruthenians. Neither of these men have much education but their

INSIDE THE RUSSIAN MISSION IN MONTREAL great usefulness proves that the in- version, 'Kolesnikoff began to preach visible and eternally interested Lord Jesus Christ, who had become the of the harvest has called and used new Master of his life. It was them for wonderful achievements. natural that sooner or later he. would have to choose between the East and So with the Lord, He takes and He re- the West-to . be exiled to Siberia fuses, or to fiee to the free land of the Pilgrim Fathers, and of many other Finds Him ambassadors whom men pilgrims of all lands. Thus Koles- deny; nikoff came to America.

Wise ones nor mighty for His saints His first work was to help Brother He chooses, Lodsin pull out of the downtown basements of New York drunken, No, such as John or Gideon or I. immoral and perishing Russian im- migrants. Not long after he became John Kolesnikoff's father and the organizer and pastor of the Rusmother both died in his infancy. He sian-Ruthenian Baptist Church in was brought up in a Russian mon- Scranton, Pa. Many were converted astery, and so became acquainted and he baptized about a hundred with the corruptions and shallow whom he taught church discipline life of the monks. When he was and trained in service. He began to sick of sham Christianity, he was edit and publish the first Russianfound by the Good Shepherd through Ruthenian religious magazine. He the medium of a simple Russian bought a cheap printing-press, wrote Stundist brother, who won young the articles, set the type, printed Kolesnikoff, not by the force of them and attended to every detail arguments, but by his truly Christlike meekness of spirit. Driven from his home immediately after his con-

himself. For a number of years now N. Y.; Sivakoff of Philadelphia, Pa.; he has been the leader of the Rus- and Davidoock, the energetic pubsian work in Toronto, Canada. At lisher of a Russian monthly, of Hartthe conference in July he was elected ford, Conn. the advisory chairman and advisory president of the Union. As a There are no complete statistics speaker, he is eloquent, full of real of the Russian settlements in the Uniwit and originality. ted States or Canada, nor a complete list of all the Russian Evangelical A number of other brethren are missions and workers. We underfaithfully preaching the Gospel tp stand that the largest Russian settle- Russians and Ruthenians in Amer- ments are to be found both in South ica, among whom are Arsen Teresh- and North Dakota, where probably tchenko, of Berwick, Pa.; Ambrosi- several thousand Russians may be moff, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; John ] ohn- found. San Francisco, Los Angeles, son, a Russian with an adopted and some other cities in the far American name, the leader of the West abound in Russians. There Evangelical Christian Church in New are also the following centers: York, and one of Mr. Lodsin's converts; Archip Kolesnikoff of Spring- Indiana: 120 families. field, Mass.; Podlesny of Buffalo, Springfield, Mass.: 500.

THE FIRST RUSSIAN CONVENTION IN AMERICA Pastor William Fetter is in the center

Boston and vicinity: 5,000. Wis.: New York and Brooklyn: 80,000 to Milwaukee and Green Bay, Pa. : 100,000.

About 5,000. Besides these places, the following Chicago, III.: About 30,000. have been given where Russians are Waterbury, Conn.: 1,000. found: Pittsburg and Holmstead, South Bedlam, Pa.; East River, N. J.; 40,000. Philadelphia, Pa.: 13,000. Lowell, Mass. ; Yonkers, N. Y.; Bridge- port, Conn.; New Haven, Conn.; Bay- REV. MICUAEL S. LODSIN onne, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Passaic, The first Russian Protestant missionary on N. J.; Rochester, N. Y.; Wilkes-Barre, Ellis Island Pa.; Perth Amboy, N. J.; Cleveland and Berwick, Pa.:· 500. Hartford, Conn.: 1,500. Cincinnati, Ohio; Virginia; Detroit, Scranton, Pa.: About 7,000 Ruthe- Mich.; St. Louis, Mo.; Baltimore, Md.

nians and 4,000 Russians, with about Besides these above-mentioned 35,000 more in the vicinity. places there are no doubt scores of other places in the United States Newark, N. J.: 25,000 Russians and where Russian immigrants have not as yet been touched by any evan- Ruthenians. gelical preacher or colporteur. In Palmerton, Pa., and vicinity: With Canada, there are also thousands of Doukhobors, who fled from Russia about 2,000. because of their faith, and who with many others are waiting to be evan- gelized. A great and effectual door is opening among these needy people. But we are almost at a loss to know how to use this opportunity. In this brief stay in America I am willing to do all in my power to help to put this work on a good basis. The great difficulty is lack of funds. One of the most useful forms of service would be to supply these people with good Christian literature. It is also most important that some kind of Bible School to train Russian evan- gelists should be started, perhaps in connection with one of the existing Bible training institutes. A staff of missionary workers must be pre- pared and put into the field. May the Christians of America awake to this possibility, and carry out with apostolic zeal the work of evan- gelizing the Russian and Ruthenian men and women in this promised land of freedom.

Christian Conflict In China *

BY K. L. CRAU, B.A., Secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian Union of Great Britain HAT is the outlook of elevation of education. "Education is everything. It is the one thing needful IWI Christianity in China to- for China. What is the good of re- day? We must be on ligion? What is it but rank supersti- our guard against en- tion? For the ignorant it is all right, tertaining too optimistic for the women folk too, but not for the a view. As I review enlightened. The enlightened have no the field of China to-day, I find that need of religion whatsoever." there are four great barriers against the advance of Christianity. The first The fourth great barrier is very In- great foe, undoubtedly, is the revival of sidious. It is a sort of palliative to Confucianism. This is due to the new- men's yearning after God. I refer to born sense of veneration for the past. our enshrining nationalism or patriot- Societies for the diffusion and discussion ism as our national God. After the of Confucian ethics are to be found. French Revolution the French people There are also Confucian preachers and worshiped Liberty, Equality, and Fra- Confucian apologists. It is good to know ternity. One of the results of our re- that idolatry is virtually dead, but we volution is that nationalism is taking the must reckon with the fact that Con- place of God. fucius is being put upon a pedestal higher than ever. In a word, he is The Hopeful Side being honored as God. It is not easy to conquer this fourfold The second great enemy is a very enemy; but allow me to throw on the natural one. During this upheaval, and screen of your mind the other side of after it, politics and mechanical science the picture. It is full of hope; I tes- will absorb the attention of young China tify that even to-day, if every missionto the exclusion of everything else. In ary were withdrawn from China, Chris- Englimd to-day, where there are about tianity would spread of itself. It has 300 Chinese students, over 75 per cent. taken root, and it will grow. This is a are studying political economy and bold statement, and I give you reasons science. That shows which way the for making it. There are four great wind blows. Religion will have no place. potent forces which make Christianity After all, the students abroad, and those advance in China. who read about the great European crisis, will think that England's great- The first bright hope is this. Our ness is due to political constitution and leaders see the need of Christianit:y. scientific discoveries rather than to They see that Christianity not only moral principles. It is an easy mistake makes for the salvation of the indito make, because it is the mistake which vidual, but for righteousness and equity the West is making for herself. in the nation; and the men who are most keen in social reforms, such as the The third great foe against the ad- movements against opium smoking, and vance of Christianity is one very pecu- foot-binding, and gambling, are men liar to the Chinese. We adore liter- who are saturated with Christian ideals, ature and itltellect. It is the undue and many of them are keen Christians.

• From China's Mil/ions. July. 1915.

Their life and their energy can not but tude toward Christianity. They are recommend their faith to their fol- the future leaders of our country. Their lowers. attitude is one of an open-minded en- The second help is that with the birth quiry into the truth of Christianity.

of the Republic there has dawned the What China needs, they think, is a moral era of religious freedom. Already the revolution, a change of the heart. A Twentieth Century Edict of Nantes has new spirit is required. That is why they been issued. By that every man has the enquire into Christianity, because they right to believe according to the dic- have heard, time and again, of the tre- tates of his conscience. Christians are mendous claim of Christ to change no longer looked upon as foreign spies. men's lives. They want to see whether Missionaries are not looked upon as Christianity can make good its tremen- spies sent by their respective Govern- dous claims. I have heard of many ments to spy out the land of China; students since those meetings who have Christians are no longer debarred from been baptized into the Christian Church.

holding important positions in the Gov- ernment. Undoubtedly, that is a great The Chinese in Great Britain help to the advance of Christianity in In this connection I would like to China. mention the work of the Chinese Stu- The third great friend is the break- dents' Christian Union in Great Britain ing of the bond of superstition. Rail- and Ireland. When Chinese students ways and other means of rapid transit arrive in England, I have the privilege are being developed. They will help to of going and meeting them. I introduce unify the different dialects of the Chin- them to Christian homes, find them ese spoken language. What a gain that decent lodgings, and introduce them to is everyone of us knows. Moreover, as colleges where they will study. Our the Roman roads in the early days were great strategy is this-that from the the guiding lines for the apostles in first day a young student arrives in this their preaching of the Gospel, so in our land to the very last minute of his stay days the railroads ought to be the direct here we want to surround him with good lines for the Christian evangelist to ad- Christian influence.

vance into every nook and corner of There are about 300 Chinese students that colossal land. in Great Britain scattered in every uni- The fourth help is, that China is gov- versity. I am a sort of commercial erned by students. Educational Mis- traveler for Christianity.

sions are of the greatest strategic im- Bearing these considerations in mind portance. If you once get hold of the -the four great friends and the four students, you will get hold of China.. great foes-who can deny that the out- There are men who have been nurtured look of Christianity in China is dis- in the mission schools. Some of them tinctly encouraging. What are these have become nominal Christians, and foes? These so-called enemies can be some of them very keen Christians in- turned into friends by prayer and by deed. Their sole desire is to win China tact and by sympathy. Therein is the for Christ. In the wonderful meetings crisis in China to-day. These opposing of the Students' Campaign conducted by forces are fighting for the soul of Dr. Mott, and by Mr. Eddy, thousands China. China is in the course of re- and thousands of students were so in- construction. Is this newly born Re- terested in the Gospel that they devote public to be fed with the empty husks their time and energy to a close study .)f of materialism or with the Bread of the life of Christ. That is their atti- Life?

DEDADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. MATERIAL FOR MISSIONARY SPEECHES * ~E VERY missionary worker Murray. "Its first usefulness might be should have on hand a called personal. It has increased my goodly supply of facts, interest in missions, made my prayers figures, anecdotes and il- definite, and made me a more efficient lustrations to use in missionary worker. Another use has making m iss ion a r y been public. I have found here material speeches. Accumulating this takes time for missionary talks, and the things that and effort, but few things pay so well. have helped me have been where I could pass them on to others." There are many ways of storing such material. For clippings nothing is so Every missionary worker should have good as the ordinary filing-boxes that such a Bible as this. Believing that cost from 25 to 35 cents each. Large many will be helped by it, we have asked manila envelops or pasteboard boxes Mr. Murray to cull for us some of the will serve the purpose fairly well. best things in his.

References to striking paragraphs in NOTES FROM MY MISSIONARY missionary books or magazines that can BIBLE not be clipt should be jotted down in a note-book kept for the purpose; and BY WILLIAM D. MURRAY, PLAINFIELD, in reading a missionary book it is a good plan to make a note of the best things NEW JERSEY on the blank pages at the end. Stories and anecdotes may be pasted in a mis- On the front page of my Missionary sionary scrapbook and items that can Bible is a cut of an open Bible, under not be clipt may be copied in a mis- which is printed, "The Great Missionsionary blank book. ary Book." Believing this thoroughly I proceeded to make this particular copy One of the best devices we have seen of the Bible, the great missionary Book for preserving missionary material is for myself. the "Missionary Bible" owned by Mr. William D. Murray, a prominent lawyer My original purpose was to have misof New York City, residing at Plainfield, sionaries write their names on the New Jersey. In 1888 he purchased an fly leaves so as to bring the workers and ordinary teachers' Bible (Oxford edi- the Book together in an interesting way. tion), and began noting on its margins To-day as I look over these autographs and blank pages helpful material of vari- I find there are 175 of them. Close ous kinds. together are Robert P. Wilder and John N. Forman, founders of the "This Bible has been more than Student Volunteer Movement; and twenty-five years growing," says Mr. along side of them is Grace E. Wilder, whose prayers had so much .. NOTF'.-The material in this department, as well as in other pages of the REVIEW, is copyrighted. and permission to quote is granted only on condition that full credit be aiven to THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OP THE WORLD.-EDITOR.

to do with the birth of that movement. Matthew 28: 19-"Not half has ever been On another page are John R. Mott, told; not half have ever been told." Robert E. Speer, G. Sherwood Eddy, Luther D. Wishard and Fletcher Brock- Luke 2: 49; Acts 1: 8—Christ's first words man, men who have been close to mis- and His last-About His Father's bustness, sion work in our colleges for many and we about His business. years. Revelation 7: 9, 100H The beatific vision The first autograph written in my of an evangelized world," Charles Cuthbert Missionary Bible was that of D. L. Hall's text at a Student Volunteer Cun- Moody, who added a text, Psalm 84: 11, vention. and near him is Ira D. Sankey. Among the better known missionaries I have Psalm 45: 1, R. V. margin-HI speak; my John G. Paton, Bishop Thoburn, Henry work is for a King." Blodgett, J. C. R. Ewing, Jacob Chamberlain, William Ashmore, C. A. R. J an- Ecclesiastes 8: 4–H Where the word of a vier, David McConaughy, Hunter Cor- King is there is power." bett, S. HalI Young, ]. Campbell WI1'ite, Sidney L. Gulick and H. Gratton Guin- Mark 6: 30.-The first missionary conferness. ence.

From time to time I have marked 2 Chronicles 14: 11, 12-Used by Chalmissionary texts. Some of these are mers in New Guinea. famous because of what came from them; others have been helpful in keep- John 2: 9-Those who work with Jesus ing up the missionary fire. Here are know the most about Him. some I find scattered through my Bible: Exodus 14: 15~Doctor A. T. Pierson's Ezekiel 37: 9, 100Text of John Eliot's text at Mount Hermon, July 16, 1886, startsermon, October 28, 1646, the first preached ing the Student Volunteer Movement. on American soil in the native tongue. Psalm 124: 7-Sent as a telegram from Isaiah 54: 2, 3-Carey's sermon, May 31, the besieged missionaries in Peking after 1792. their release.

2 Kings 13: 21-Text of sermon preached I have also preserved a few outlines in Westminster Abbey as the congregation of missionary talks and Bible readings, sat over David Livingstone's grave. among them these: John 10: 16–Text on Livingstone's Go yeo Mark 16: 15. grave. Give yeo Matthew 14: 16. Pray yeo Matthew 9: 38. Psalm 62: 5-8—Written by Allen Gardiner on the rock under which he starved to The Command. Mark 16: 15. death in Terra del Fuego. The Route. Proverbs 3: 6. The Guide. Psalm 32 : 8. 1 Samuel 30: 24–Bishop Hannington's The Companion. Matthew 28: 20. text. The Field. John 3: 16; Luke 2: 10. The Need. Romans 10: 14. Jeremiah 45: 5-"And seekest thou great The Responsibility. Ezekiel 3: 18. things for thyself? Seek them not." Henry Martyn's text. A MISSIONARY PROGRAM 2 Kings 7: 9-A mISSIOnary warning. Matthew 9: 36–10: 8. Compassion, Pray, Genesis 43: 5-Another warning. Go, Give. Psalm 37: 7-A needy missionary received a letter from Charles Wesley enclosing THE MISSIONARY BOOK-JONAH some bank notes with a reference to this text. He replied that he had always been God is conscious of the heathen's need. struck with the beauty of this passage, but 1:2;4:11. until now "had never had such valuable expository notes." The command to go. 1: 2. Disobedience and unrest. Chapter 1. Obedience. 3 :3. Hard work and discouragement on the field. Chapter 4.

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THE HOLY GHOST AND MISSIONARIES IN ACTS we can serve God with mammon."-Robert E. Speer. Selected them. 13 : 2. Sent them. 13 : 4. "Some can go; most can give; all can Empowered them. 13: 9. pray." Sustained them. 13: 52. Sealed their ministry. 15: R "This is a lost world to be saved, not Counselled them. 15: 28. merely an ignorant world to be educated." Restrained them. 16: 6, 7. "Anywhere, any time, anything for the THE MASTER'S METHOD Son of God and the sons of men."

(Matthew 14: 13-21) "The day is short; the work is vast; the reward is great; the Master urges."-On The Problem-"Whence are we to buy Memorial Hall. bread that these may eat?" "Recall the twenty-one years, give me Suggested Solutions: back all its experiences, give me its ship- "Send them away." . wrecks, give me its standings in the face of "We haven't enough." death, give it me surrounded by savages "Here is a lad." with spears and clubs, give it me back again with spears fiying around me, with the club The Master's Way: knocking me to the ground-give it me Prayer. back and I will still be your missionary."- Study-He knew their need. J ames Chalmers Practical Application: "I refuse to be disappointed; I will only Organization, Consecration, Commis- praise."-James Hannington. sion, Blessing. At the Student Volunteer conventions The Workers' Reward: delegates rise and tell where they are "Twelve baskets full." going and why.

On the blank pages of my Missionary At Cleveland the following statements Bible I have written inspired sayings of among others were made: "He said, missionaries, among them the following: Go"; "The Master calls"; "Jesus wants me"; "God has blest me"; "The love "My mind is fully made up, that if after of Christ constraineth me"; "To hasten all has been done to arrest this disease and the coming of the King"; "Because some I am still declining, I shall not leave Swit- may never enter the Kingdom unless I zerland for America, but shall seek the Suez tell them"; "God calls me"; "Repeated and go back to lay my bones in Ceylon's calls to an unwilling heart"; "I have resoil."-From a letter written by a friend, a ceived no call to stay at home"; "Called missionary in Ceylon, who was invalided and never released"; "God has made me to Switzerland. unwilling to stay at home."

"Fear God and work hard."-Living- At Rochester the following statestone's last words in Scotland. ments were made: "My Master has given the task"; "Obedience"; "Only "I think the word sacrifice ought never one life to give"; "Every obstacle reto be used in Christ's service."-James moved"; "I wish to follow Christ"; "It Chalmers. is more blessed to give than to receive"; "I expected to send a substitute, but I "I never made a sacrifice."-David Liv- am going myself"; "Christ loved and ingstone. came; I love and go."

"It was not so much a call to India that This is some of the fuel that has I received as an acceptance for India."- served to keep my missionary fire burn- Bishop Thoburn. .ing. My prayer is that in some measure "'Every citizen a soldier' is the true it may do the same for those who read watchword for the Church and missions." -Mackay. these words.

"Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus Christ will do anything."~On Eliot's grave.

"We can not serve God and mammon, but

THE TWIN MOTTOES OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION On the cover of China's Millions and on all re- ceipts for contributions to the China Inland Mission there are two vertical rows of Chinese characters, one signifying "Ebenezer," the other, HJehovah- Jireh." These are the mottoes of the mission, and the recent volume, "Hudson Taylor in Early Years,"

tells of their origin, as follows: "In the autumn of 1857, four years after Hudson Taylor sailed for China at the age of twenty-one, a pair of scrolls made their appearance in his sitting- room in Ningpo that were as new as they were per- plexing to the little company of Christians and in- quirers gathered there on Sunday mornings for wor- ship. Beautifully written in Chinese, each character EBENEZER in itself was intelligible, but what could be the mean- JE~OVA~.JIREH ing of the strange combination, I-pien-i-seh-er; Je- ho-hua-I-la.

"The young missionary who had been his Chinese friends their precious mes- confined to his bed for a month could sage !"

have explained. For it was there, in These texts became the twin mottoes quiet communion with God, that those of Hudson Taylor's life and also of the inspired words had come to him in such great faith mission he founded soon fulness of meaning as to make them after. True to His promise, the Lord forever memorable. Ebenezer and provided eve r y t h i n g needed-men, f ehovah-fireh: 'Hitherto hath the Lord money, open doors, wisdom, strength, helped us,' and, for all coming need, converts-so that in this, its jubilee year, 'The Lord will provide.' When strength the mission has been able to make a mar- returned how he rejoiced to unfold to velous showing.

A CHRISTMAS PEACEMAKER* to bring peace and good-will to all BY BISHOP RIDLEY people?"

Christmas is always delightful at "Yes, darling." "That was nice, wasn't it?" Metlakahtla. At the morning service "Yes, very." there is a general handshaking. I always – "Are you, father, at peace with all put on a strong glove for the ordeal. There were once two important men people ?" "Yes. Why do you ask, darling?" who had nursed grievances for a year or more. Both thought the other the Then she put her thin arms around his neck and kissed him. sale cause of the estrangement. I de- "Father, is there peace with Samuel?" plored but could not remove it. A little child did. – She was dying of consump- Then fell silence and, as she held him, tion, and on Christmas Eve, her father tears. who doted on her, held her in his arms The next morning the father came to to let the other members of the family the earliest service. Immediately after it Samuel followed me to my house to be free. expresS' surprize that Charles had come "Father," she asked, "didn't the angels say that Jesus came on Christmas Day to him, offered his hand and wished him a happy Christmas.

"From The Church Mirrio"ar:JI Gl,t<",r. The snow on the eastern mountain was

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crowned with glory as the Christmas Teacher: "No, John, that's not right. sun set, and just at that moment little You have merely bounded your own Martha, twelve years of age, was crown- home. That would mean that religion ed more brightly by the Great Peace- is only for you and yours. Many people maker as she in like character rose above believe that, but God's plan of salvation the mountains of earth and appeared in is broader. Robert, you try it." Zion, where children are always children. Her father left the house of Robert: "The plan of salvation is mourning soon afterward to tell me of bounded on the north by the Scotia his loss and her gain. river; on the south by the corporation line; on the east by the Big Four Rail- Missions are God's good-will at work road; on the west by the Indian Hills." and His channels of peace to the heathen. Teacher: "No, Robert, you're not right either. You have bounded your THE REFLEX INFLUENCE OF own city. That would include only what MISSIONS we call city missions. God did not mean His work to stop there. Samuel, it is In some parts of China there are two your turn." rice crops. The first is planted in straight rows and when it is about eight Samuel: "The plan of salvation is inches high, a second crop is planted bounded on the north by Lake Erie and in between the first rows. The second the state of Michigan; on the south by crop is not seen until the first crop is Kentucky and West Virginia; on the cut, and then it is found to be even better east by Pennsylvania and West Virthan the first. ginia; on the west by Indiana and Ken- tucky." So it is with work for missions. We sow seed and work for the heathen far Teacher: "No, no, Samuel. You have away from home. At the same time bounded your own state. That would God's Spirit is sowing between rows and mean that no missionary work must be by and by we find that a second crop done outside your state, and that is not sown in hearts here at home is spring- God's plan. George, let's see what you ing up and bearing precious fruit. It think about it." is hard to say which crop is better. George: "The plan of salvation is We should never forget that this bounded on the north by the Dominion double work is going on. of Canada and the Great Lakes; on the south by Mexico and the Gulf of A CLASS IN MISSIONARY Mexico; on the east by the Atlantic GEOGRAPHY Ocean; on the west by the Pacific Ocean." In an address delivered years ago at a Christian Endeavor Convention, Mr. Teacher: "No, my boy, no. You have S. L. Mershon illustrated the world-wide bounded your own country. That would extent of God's missionary purpose by mean nothing but home missionary work. a class in missionary geography some- Many people agree with you, but God what as follows: did not mean us to stop with our own countrymen. Adoniram, what have you Teacher: "John, bound the plan of to say?" salvation." Adoniram: "God's plan of salvation is John: "The plan of salvation is bound- bounded on the north by the North Pole; ed on the north by Forest Avenue; on on the south by the South Pole; on the the south by our back fence; on the east east by the uttermost parts of the earth; by Doctor Johnson's yard; on the west on the west by the uttermost parts of the by Saint Paul's church." earth."

Teacher: "Right you are, my boy. "A New Testament." The plan of salvation includes the whole world and every person in it-white, "Yes, the New Testament. But what black, brown, yellow, red. God says, 'Go ye into ALL THE WORLD and is that? I will tell you. It is the Gospreach the Gospel to EVERY CREA- TURE.'" pel ax into which a European handle "What matters if the flesh be white will has been put. There are many of them. Or black or brown? I f you come to-day you find them The dying Savior wore for all cutting; if you come to-morrow you will The thorny crown." find them doing the same thing. At what INCREASING INTEREST THROUGH GIFTS are they cutting? At our noble tree, One of 'the best ways of attaching Hinduism-at our religion. It has taken people to any good cause is to get them to pay something toward its support. thousands of years for the tree to take Father Chidlaw, a much revered home root in the soil of Hindustan; its missionary, used to tell the story of an old woman in the back district of his branches spread all over India; it is a mission field who was loth to give anything toward the purchase of a bell noble, glorious tree. But the missionfor the new church. She declared that bells were a nuisance. But at last she aries come daily with the Gospel ax in was prevailed upon to give $5 toward it. their hands. They look at the tree and "I've always declared I did not like bells," she said the first time she heard the tree looks at them. But it is helpit ringing. "But I will say that is the sweetest sounding bell I ever heard." less. The Gospel ax is applied and tho "Ah!" said Father Chidlaw, "the the tree is large and strong it must give secret of it was this. With every sound of that bell she heard the jingle of her .way at last." five dollars.!" "True," replied the missionary. "But NATIVE HANDLES IN MISSIONARY AXES many a poor handle gets worn out and One day when a mISSIOnary was many a one breaks; and it takes a long preaching in the city of Benares to a crowd that was civil and attentive, a time before a new handle is obtained Sepoy Brahmin began to talk to the people. from Europe and still longer before that "Look at those men," he said, point- handle is prepared and shaped." ing to the missionaries, "and see what they are doing." "Ah," he answered, "if that were all "They are preaching to us," the people it would be well, and the tree would have replied. respite. But what is the real case? No "True; what has the sahib in his hand?" sooner does a handle find that it can no longer swing the ax then it says: 'What am I to do now? I am getting worn out; I can no longer swing the ax; am I to give up cutting? No.' Then he walks up to the tree, looks at it and says: 'Here is a fine branch out of which a fine handle might be made.' Up goes the ax, down comes the branch; it is soon shaped into a new handle; the European handle is taken out and the native handle fitted in and the swinging commences afresh. At last the tree will be cut down by handles made from its own branches."-From an old scrap-book.

WHO CHOSE THE BEST?

In 1839, when Royal Gould Wilder, missionary to India and founder of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, was graduated from Middlebury

OF BEST METHODS

College he divided first honors with his it was so little it was not worth rememclassmate Foote. Strange to say, both bering. But it was a great disappointhad been born in the same year and on ment if it ever happened I could not go. the same day. How much do you think we raised? Foote became a lawyer and rose $20 a year. You don't think $20 very rapidly in his profession. He amassed much? Money was worth more then wealth and married a young woman of than now. Besides how much do your singular beauty. But in the midst of his societies of so many members-20, 30, prosperity, death took both wife and 40-give each year? If we three gave daughter from him, and overcome with $20, how much ought your society to sorrow he blew out his brains. give? That is, if you do as well as we.

When Vilder turned from flattering The elderly lady lived to see the little prospects at home to devote his life to girl she helped to interest in missions, India, Foote, his twin-honor man, said go to Syria. One of the last times she to him: "Why bury yourself among the was able to leave the house, shortly heathen, Wilder?" Wilder worked in before her death, was to attend my wed- India more than thirty years, preached in ding. more than 3,000 cities and villages; scattered over 3,000,000 pages of tracts; If our little band sent one abroad, gathered into schools over 3,300 chil- how many (another question in prodren, of whom 300 were girls. Was not portion) of your large circles should his choice the better? have your names enrolled as mission- aries in India, Africa, China, Japan or 'QUANTITY VERSUS QUALITY Syria? How many?

Many workers feel that large fields Two conversions are necessary: and large audiences are necessary to 1. To Christ, as a Savior from sin. produce great results. Let all such 2. To missions, as an antidote from read the following contributed years ago by Mrs. Eddy of Beirut, Syria, to Chil- selfishness. dren's Work for Children: -SHELDON DIBBLE. Long, long ago I belonged to a mission band. Do you ask how many we IS THERE GRASS ON YOUR PATH? were? Well our band-don't laugh, please, consisted of only three! The earliest converts to Christianity in Africa were very earnest and regular No. 1 was an elderly lady who held in their devotions. There were no priall the offices of the society. She was vate places for· retirement in their huts, president, vice-president, secretary and so each had a separate spot in the thicket treasurer! to which he would go for communion with God. No. 2 was a young lady, a school teacher. The paths to these little Bethels be- came distinctly marked, and when a con- No.3 was a little girl eight years old vert began to decline in the ways of -myself. God, it soon became manifest to his fellows. At our meetings we had prayer and reading of the Bible, but no singing. "Brother," they would say to remind Our president made lovely little straw- him of his duty, "the grass grows yonberry emery bags and much of our der on your path." money came from the sale of these. The young lady made fancy things and sold Away in foreign lands they wondered how them. It is so long ago that I don't Their simple words had power! remember what my share was. I guess At home, the Christians, two or three, Had met to pray an hour! -FRANCIS M. NESBIT.

AN EAR AND AN INTERROGATION Womanhood," at one time taught a class POINT of twelve native girls on Sunday morn- ings. They were antagonistic and at In formation, Africa is a huge inter- times unmanageable, and for months she rogation-point turned westward and labored and prayed in vain for their asking, as it looks across the seas, "Why conversion. She was seriously conam I the Dark Continent? Why have sidering giving up the class when she I been kept waiting nineteen centuries remembered a friend in America, a man for the Light?" who had lived in the days of Finney and knew how to pray. So she wrote to Africa is also like a huge ear, lying in him telling the needs of the girls and the midst of the ocean, listening for a asking for cooperation. message of deliverance, waiting for a word of hope.-Willis R. Hotchkiss at The friend in America received the the International Christian Endeavor letter and began to pray, but weeks Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, July, 1901. passed with no signs of improvement. But one morning Mrs. Fuller noticed a DISTANCE NO BARRIER decided change. There were signs of Mrs. Jennie Fuller, missionary to India conviction and before the hour closed and author of "Wrongs of Indian all were on their knees in prayer. Some accepted Christ then and there and ul- timately every girl was saved.

It was afterward learned that on the night before the man of prayer in America had become so burdened with the needs of the class in India that he had retired to his room to wait upon God in their behalf. For several hours he pleaded for their salvation. Saturday night is Sunday morning in India, so he was praying at the very time that Mrs. Fuller was teaching. The old man on his knees in America had brought those twelve heathen girls to their knees in India. It was prayer that did it. Oh, what power there is in prayer!-Julia A. Fraser in The Sunday School Times.

THINGS TO AVOID IN A MISSIONARY TALK REV. EZRA VAN NUYS. GOSHEN. INDIANA I. Out-of-Date Material. Do not give stale news. Sermon from the "barrel" on some other theme may be effective, but in the missionary appeal deals with upto-date signs of the times. Missions are the livest, most up-to-date and intensely interesting subj ect in the world.

II. Generalities. Specific data are what men want. The concrete truth and facts bring conviction. The bUllet from the Mauser rifle is more effective than the discharge from the old-fashioned shotgun when we hunt big game.

III. False Impressions. Do not lead people to think that the mission field is an easy place., Appeal to the heroic. Men are ready to tackle big jobs.

IV. Doubts Concerning the Necessity of Missions. Doubts make a missionary sermon a failure. "There is no other Name." Christ's commission is authoritative. We must obey His command. Only Jesus Christ can save the world. REFORMATION AND REVOLUTION tive franchise for choosing the mem- bers of the Duma has been more and W HAT is the true basis of hope for more curtailed so as to leave the selec- the future of the world? Is it in tion in the hands of the favored few. the advancement of commerce and cul- The Duma to-day can not adequately ture, in the promotion of science and the represent the people of Russia, and yet cultivation of the arts of peace? Is it the government refuses to grant the the dominance of certain ideas and ideals national assembly any decisive voice in backed by a powerful army or navy? Is the affairs of the nation. Evidently it the enactment of new laws, the grant- reformation by edict in Russia has not ing of new liberties or changes in succeeded. forms of government from autocratic to democratic or from republican to monar- In 1903 in Persia the world was chical? Is it in the union of governments startled and missionaries could scarcely to form a league of nations with an in- trust their senses when the revolutionists' ternational court and an international dethroned the corrupt Shah and propolice force? claimed a new constitutional monarchy with an elective parliament, liberty of Many or all of these items in the pro- speech and religion. It seemed that a gram of progress may be important and new day had dawned. Soon the house highly desirable. Will they bring about of cards began to fall. The last state the regeneration of men and nations, is worse than the first. Not only is and if 5'0, are they to be achieved by poli- there no stable government but there tical revolutions and military methods? is unrest and confusion, brigandage and disregard of law and order. The re- Let history speak. Russia has been cent wholesale massacre and pillage of and is nominally a Christian power, but the Christian population is a final atoppression and misgovernment in Rus- tempt to blot out the reform movement. sia has been notorious. The common Evidently Persia has not thus far been people have been denied political and regenerated by political revolution. religious liberty, the Jews and Stundists and Doukhobors have been cruelly Turkey in 1909 was suddenly turned maltreated, the Siberian exile system upside down when the Young Turks has been like a medieval instrument of banished the Sultan and proclaimed a torture in the hands of beaurocrats in new parliamentary government with Church and State. In 1897 the RU5'- many long-desired reforms. The old sian Czar startled the world by pro- system of espionage was abolished, a claiming religious freedom and a con- new program of education was prostitutional government by an elective claimed, Christians were declared elig- Duma. The promised liberty has been ible for the army and for political unrealized in fact. Christians of other office, and it was thought that Armenian than "Orthodox" faith are not allowed massacres were at an end for ever. to do missionary work, and members of What is the situation to-day? The the State Church are not allowed to Young Turks are dominated by a forchange their religion openly. The eleceign power and are fighting for their through the influence of Christian mis- lives. The better class of Turks are sionary schools, hospitals and churches. put out of office, and the worst anti- The Philippines are becoming a new Christian massacre of history has been land by the advance of higher physi- taking place at the orders of the cal, social and mental ideals. But Young Turks. Surely the reign of none of these lands have reached the peace and righteousness was not usher- point where their political policies are ed into Turkey by a political upheaval. accepted as unselfish and without guile or where their social standards and In China, where the ancient and ap- customs are morally above reproach. parently unmovable dynasty with its hoary traditions and customs, religious Plainly the world is not to be re- and social, seemed to be entrenched in generated by political revolutions, by power, there next came a tremendous governmental reforms, by intellectual and wonderful revolution. With little advancement, or by social service re- bloodshed, the monarchy was over- forms. The only hope of the world is thrown in 1912 and a modern republic in God and In the acceptance of was established. The ancient queue Jesus Christ as the great revealer, was aban'd,oned, foot-binding was dis- teacher, example and Savior. This is credited, the ancient examinations in the reason for Christian missions, and Confucian classics were replaced by this is the reason for looking forward modern education, religious liberty was to the return of Christ to reign. proclaimed, newspapers, telegraph and other modern inventions awakened the SPECIAL TRAINING FOR JEWISH sleeping giant, and a new womanhood began to take an active part in new I WORK China. The reaction and failure has N these days of specialization, it not been as extreme and discouraging seems strange that there has not in China as in Persia and Turkey, and been more attention given to the need yet to-day the first president is dic- for definite preparation for Christian tator and may become emperor. Con- work among Jews. They are difficult fucian worship is revived as the State to reach, their religious beliefs are religion and there is the weakened firmly fixt, their language is unique, and impoverished government in con- and they are a problem in themselves. stant danger of new upheavals 'within and attacks from without. Thus One of the suggestions made at the far China has not found a smooth first general conference of the Hebrewroad to prosperity through the adoption Christian Alliance last spring, was a of American and European models. chair of Jewish Missions as a pressing need for the work of Christianizing the Some thought that Mexico had en- Jewish population of America. Thetered on a new era with the banish- ological schools, generally, neglect this ment of Diaz and his dictatorship. field, and for this reason there is ap- The result is not encouraging to friends parently little interest in extending of peace. Christianity among Jews.

What then is the true basis for hope? A special training school is not needed India has made slow progress through but seminaries should introduce courses the paternal government of an enlight- in Jewish mission theory and method. ened nation,-Japan has moved forward This is strongly advocated by some of wonderfully by the gradual acceptance the experienced Jewish workers. The of the advice of Christian missionary suggestion is worthy of the attention statesmen; Siam is arising, step by step, of such seminaries as Hartford, Prince- ton, Union, McCormick and Louisville.

WODLD-WIDE

MISSIONADY NEWS NORTH AMERICA be added by our churches and philan- thropic agencies a harmonious and The Lake Mohonk Platform larger activity in behalf of the moral and religious instruction of the Indian, THE thirty-third annual Conference without which these efforts for his on the Indian and Other Dependent material good will surely prove in- Peoples, which met at Lake Mohonk effectual. in October, at the invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Smiley, gave the first The American Board'. Good Y.-ar day to the consideration of Indian Affairs, the second to the Philippines, and DESPITE the disturbed financial conthe last to Porto Rico. The platform ditions, the receipts of the Ameriwhich was unanimously adopted on the can Board of Commissioners for Forfirst subject included the following eign Missions are thus far the largest of statements: any year in its history. This is most gratifying, especially since the oppor- We urge the defining of the legal tunities on its fields, particularly in status of the Indian and the codifica- China and India, are unprecedented, and tion of the laws regarding him, that since the tragedy in Turkey adds new the confusion and uncertainty now burdens to the Board's work throughout existing may be done away. that Empire.

We urge the extension of the merit Treasurer Frank H. Wiggin, of the system in all appointments in the In- American Board of Commissioners for dian service. Foreign Missions, has announced that for the year closing August 31st, the We urge increased attention to the current expenditures were $1,101,202.- educational need of the Indian, and lay 99, and the debt of a year ago was emphasis on agricultural and other vo- $8,767.70, making a total of $1,109,- cational training. 970.69. The receipts for the year ap- plicable for these liabilities amounted We urge on Congress the need of to $1,101,565.47. This amount suplarger appropriations for educational ported 638 missionaries in ten lands and medical work in Alaska, under and insured the upkeep of schools, colcharge of the Bureau of Education. leges, hospitals, industrial plants and orphanages numbering altogether nearly We urge that legislation shall be two thousand institutions. The year enacted that will insure the preparation was a memorable one in other respects. of the Indians of the five civilized The work in India and China was char· tribes to assume intelligently the re- acterized by unusual advance and ensponsibilities of their citizenship, and largement, but in the Turkish empire, the protection of those of them who one of the largest and most important still own their allotted lands when the fields, the missions have been greatly restrictions on the sale of their lands hampered, its workers and its members shall cease. have been called upon to suffer great And we urge, with profound conviction, that to these important efforts to improve his physical condition and conserve his material resources, there

hardships and some have laid down under denominational auspices, and the. life itself. Armenian adherents and plans for interdenominational colleges helpers have been killed by thousands. for women at Madras, Tokyo and Nanking. She says of Mrs. Rocke- Good Work of Southern Methodi.ta feller's gift: "I believe that one reason for our receiving this legacy was in IN Record of Christian Work, there order to enable us to do a share which is an interesting statement of facts Baptists would not be ashamed of in relating to special work by Southern the founding of these interdenomi- Methodists among colored people and national colleges." – Watchman-Exam- foreigners in the cities. They maintain iner. "Bethlehem Houses" for women and "Wesley Houses" for men. They have Memorial to Robert C. Ogden 28 Wesley houses and Bethlehem houses. In 12 foreign communities THE friends and associates of Robert there are 7 Wesley houses, 2 large set- C. Ogden propose to erect to his tlements, a clinic and an institutional church. In cotton mill communities memory an auditorium at Hampton Inthere are 10 Wesley houses and two stitute. A committee has been organinstitutional churches, employing 30 ized, with ex-President Taft as its trained workers and 332 volunteer chairman, representing the faculty and helpers. These reach more than 4,000 graduates of Hampton Institute, and homes. In other industrial centers the many friends and co-workers of there are 6 Wesley houses and an in- Mr. Ogden in the South and North. stitute, while in still others, systematic Mr. Ogden has been called "an unfriendly visiting is done. In this group official statesman:~ and the fact that for there are 20 trained workers and 115 forty years he had been a trustee of volunteer workers. For the care and Hampton Institute and for twenty protection of working girls 6 coopera- years the president of its trustees, tive homes are maintained, where 587 makes it clear that Hampton Institute girls are cared for. is the most fitting place for a perma- nent memorial to him. There is urgent Use of a Baptist Legacy need there for a large auditorium and already a few friends have subscribed THE Woman's Baptist Foreign Mis- one-third of the hundred thousand sionary Society has received $300,- dollars necessary for the erection of such a bUilding. 000 from the estate of Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, and the Home Mission A Study Class for Church Officers Society $100,000. In response to a request from the executors of the estate, ONE pastor, at least, is alive to the representatives of the Foreign Society importance of educating church made a full statement regarding its schools, their location, land and build- officers, and is able to report a notable ings possest, the immediate needs in achievement along this line. This is regard to the purchase of additional the Rev. C. K. Fegley. pastor of St. land, and the building of new dormitories and school buildings, and certain James Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa. interdenominational school projects. In a recent interview, Mrs. Helen Barrett "Mr. Fegley is in charge of a church," Montgomery brought out the need of says Men and Missions, "in which every training teachers for the hundreds of member of the church council was enhigh schools now being carried on rolled in a mission study class using Doughty's 'Call of the W orId' as the basis of their discussions. Eight ses'sions were held, with art actual attendance of 88 per (tent. for the entire series

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of meetings. The church is plan- involved was the right to a share in ning another discussion group using the estate of David Eccles, the richest Shailer Matthews' 'The Individual and man in Mormonism. Albert Geddes the Social Gospel.' This thoroughgoing claimed to be the son of Eccles' third method of informing and inspmng wife, and the verdict was given in his official members of the church is com- favor. The Continent points out three mended to congregations everywhere." things which the case shows: Anti-Saloon League of Are 1. At a time when the Mormon leaders were just as emphatic as they W HEN the Anti-Saloon League was are now in affirming that polygamy had organized, twenty-one years ago, ceased, polygamous marriages were in the State of Ohio, there were then being solemnized by apostles of the three prohibition States. To-day ~here church. Church officials not only knew are 18 prohibition States: Maine, Kan- it but were protecting such couples sas, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Missis- from penalties. sippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, Colo- 2. It is Mormon policy to encourage rado, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, lying even under oath when lying is Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, and Iowa; necessary to conceal the inconsistency and six more will vote within a year. between Mormon practise and Mormon Local option laws have been put upon professions. the statute books of many other States. To-day, 55 per cent of the population 3. Since 25 years have passed since of the United States lives in prohibition the manifesto purporting to abolish territory. Eighty per cent. of the terri- polygamy, and since the Mormon torial area of this country is now with- Church still remains in control of men out a legalized liquor traffic. There are who pretend to adopt one course and feyver saloons in 36 States of this Union in fact follow another, it becomes foolthan in the one city of New York. There ish to suppose that the Mormons can are more saloons in the city of Chicago be depended on to root out polygamy. than in all the Southern States. or that their governing ecclesiastics have any intention of so doing. Woman's Work for Missions Higher Critics of the Mormon Scripture. THE Federated Women's Foreign Mission Boards of North America TWO years ago the late Bishop Spald- (numbering 37) report receipts for ing persuaded the elders of the last year amounting to about $3,300,000. Mormon Church to allow him to place These Boards have some 1,200,000 mem- in the hands of expert scholars in Egyptbers and publish 25 missionary maga- ology copies of the original Egyptian zines. They support 1,550 missionaries. documents which Joseph Smith pre- Their administration expenses are ex- tended to have translated, and which he ceedingly low, so that very nearly all the claimed were written by Abraham. money contributed goes direct to the Joseph Smith seems to have secured field. these documents from a sea captain. The Mormon elders, having implicit Mormonism Further Exposed faith in Joseph Smith's translation, com- plied with Bishop Spalding's request. THE Geddes-Eccles case, tried at Much to the distress of the Mormons, Ogden, Utah, offers a new base for however, the Egyptian documents turn argument and action toward an anti- out to have no reference whatever to polygamy amendment to the United Abraham and are only short prayers to States constitution. The legal question the sun god, such as are found in abun-

dance on clay tablets and used as pillows tells how the Carranzista Govern~r, under the heads of mummies. They are General Alvarado, has reorganized on among the most common of Egyptian modern lines the entire system of antiquities. The effect on the younger State rule, giving to the people a pros- Mormons seems to have been somewhat perity they never knew before.

disillusioning. At the recent commence- "The first move on the part of the ment of the University of Utah, a new Government was to establish an Mormon graduate took for the theme of entirely new form in the educational his oration, "Needed Reform."-The system of the State. Sectarian schools Churchman. were abolished, and a number of com- LATIN AMERICA petent teachers were brought into the State, who quickly established up-to- Baseball VerauB Bull Fighta date methods of education. In many BASEBALL is proving to be one of of the smaller villages where no schools the most wholesome influences had existed, and children were reared which the United States is bringing to in ignorance, schools were promptly bear on Latin America. A missionary opened and every child, even to the in Guatemala writes: poorest Indian, was given an oppor- tunity to obtain a modern education, "We have noted the introduction of which under the old regime, had been this game into Guatemala with great denied them. interest. The other day we went out to see a game and were delighted to "In addition to common schools, a see a fine, enthusiastic crowd looking teachers' college and one for domestic on, and cheering with a vim when science have been established. It must occasion presented itself. A goodly be understood that heretofore neither number of Guatemala boys have been of the above branches of education to college in the U. S. and have come existed. An agricultural school has back on fire with interest in outdoor been started which will prove a boon sports." to the country laborer, who for the last one hundred years has followed the The bull fights which used to be held routine methods of his forefathers, and on Easter and other Sundays, are not no new methods have ever been intropopular with the younger generation. duced by former governments to ad- Rev. Robert Black writes from the mis- vance agriculture in the State, hence sion school in the island of Mindanao the most primitive usages exist, and no of the enthusiasm of his boys over advancement has been made in this baseball and other athletic sports, and most important industry. The new other missionaries in the Philippines State Government proposes to educate told Mr. Speer on his recent visit that both the large and small farmers, and baseball was taking the place of the no doubt the State will soon derive the cockpit. benefit· in larger and more profitable Yucatan Reforms crops, as both lands and seed will be THOMAS J. AGNEW, representa- furnished gratis to all those who desire tive of the New York banking and to follow agricultural pursuits.

brokerage firm of Barnes Brothers in "Another reform has been in the Yucatan, Mexico, where he has lived abolishment of bull-fighting, which for for sixteen years, has made a statement generations has been the popular but to Secretary of State Lansing that is degrading amusement of the native.

in pleasing contrast to the stories Lotteries that formerly flourished, ab- coming out of troubled Mexico. He sorbing to a great extent the earnings

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of the poor and causing great misery, willing, reopen with its former staff as have been supprest. soon as possible after peace is declared."

"The most cordial feeling is exprest The Bible Society and the War by this new State Government toward T all foreigners, and the American in HE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety has provided more than a milparticular. And it is to the American and American capital principally that lion and a half Testaments and Gos- Mexico must look for the rehabilitation pels, in a score of different languages of her idle mines and industries in and in a dozen different countries, for general." sick and wounded soldiers and sailors, EUROPE-THE BRITISH ISLES for prisoners of war, for refugees, and C. M. S. Votes "No Retrenchment" for troops marching to the front. The depot at Berlin remains open, and AT a meeting of the Church Mission- since the beginning of August 360,000 ary Society Committee held in July, Testaments and Gospels have gone out resolutions were passed, outlining as the for distribution from that center, not policy of the society that there should only for use among Austrian and Ger- be no retrenchment in the mission fields; man soldiers, but also for British, no keeping back of reinforcements on French, and Russian prisoners of war.

purely financial grounds; and all possi- During the year 1914 the Bible Society ble economy. The committee also ex- sent out more copies of the Scriptures prest their sense of the paramount need than it ever did before. It distributed ,f fresh spiritual power if the home over two million books in China, over church is to take up and discharge ade- a million in India, 750,000 in Korea, quately its great missionary task, and of 750,000 in the Russian Empire, and the duty resting on themselves and their over a million in Central Europe.

fellow workers to make it their primary duty to take their share in promoting Fishermen Prisoners of War that renewed spiritual life. It is re- THE Royal National Mission to ported that the society's missionary Deep Sea Fishermen has been training college at Islington has had to making a special, tho very quiet, effort be closed, as all the students have enlisted. to help the fishermen prisoners of war in Germany. There are now about The following announcement has been three hun<1red of these ~en who were sent out by Livingstone College, of Ley- taken prisoners while peacefully pursuing ton, England: "The Principal of Liv- their occupation in the North Sea, and ingstone College regrets to have to in- who are held in captivity, cut off from form you that the committee of the col- their families, and allowed even to lege have decided that owing to urgent correspond with them only under irk- need for the services of medical men in some restrictions. Most of them come the national crisis, Livingstone College from Grimsby, the greatest fishing port should discontinue its sessions from in the world, and efforts for their July next until peace is declared, so as help have, therefore, centered in the to free those remaining on the staff to Grimsby Institute of the Society. With help in this need. The college is ac- money specially subscribed for the pur- cepted as an auxiliary hospital by the pose, boots, clothing, food, and such war office. There will, therefore, be no necessaries as soap, have been sent to session either for men or women com- these men. It is stated that the official mencing on September 29, 1915, as pre- food supply was merely enough to viously advertised. The college will, God keep the prisoners from starvation-a

loaf made of potatoes and chestnuts was 844,404 Marks and this was 291,257 would be issued as a day's allowance Marks short of the budget. From for- for five men, giving each man only a mer years there is a deficit of 475,013 moderate slice; and the fishermen were Marks, which is now, because of the hard put to it to keep up their normal present deficit, increased to 766,270 strength and health and spirits. Marks.

The Gossner Mission has a decrease THE CONTINENT in both income and expenditures. The Continental Mission. and the War Hermansburg Mission received from the Ohio synod 42,000 Marks and had THE Swedish Gustav-Adolf Society an income besides of 512,000 Marks, has been compelled to close the work and an expenditure amounting to 451,- in Bethlehem, Palestine, because of the 000 Marks, which would mean a sur- difficulty in sending money. Its prop- plus of 61,000 Marks. But they expect erty has been entrusted to the native a demand from India and South Africa janitor. for 117,000 Marks. There will be, therefore, a deficit of 56,000 Marks. The Norwegian Mission has nearly The entire income of the Leipzig Mis- • obtained the Million Kreutzer Fund, sion shows a decrease of 108,000 Marks. They did not receive the usual 166,000 which it set about to gain for its Marks from Russia; they count on a Jubilee in 1914 (in all about 900,000 deficit of 78,000 Marks. The Schles- Kr.). The work of the mission has had wig-Holstein Mission can report that to be retrenched. all their expenditures are covered by their income.-Calwer Missionsblatt, The Finnish Mission Society can not September, 1915. communicate with their mis'sionaries in South Africa, but they hear from their workers in China. Contributions at home have greatly decreased, but they have recently received a large legacy. The War and German Missions The French Evangelical Mission is DR. ADOLF DEISMANN, of the in a great crisis because of the war. University of Berlin, writes: "He The call to arms took many of their who understands how to cope with workers so that some of their fields are left without laborers. The financial re- figures will be able to picture to himport, March 31, 1915, showed a deficit self from the following data, the great of 360,000 francs, altho the salaries effects the war has upon our German were greatly reduced. Otherwise the evangelical missionary work. At the out- Paris Mission experienced some encour- break of the war, most of the German agements. The native workers on the missionaries were, as a matter of mission fields show good-will even with course, out on their fields of labor in a much reduced salary. Some continue the various heathen countries. Many in their work without any salary. of them have been imprisoned by the English. From the comparatively small G German Mi••ion Finance number of workers and students in ERMAN mission societies were not training at home, who belong to the able to give an exact review of 26 German Missionary societies, 493 their income and their expenditures at are in the army, 384 are under arms, the end of the first war year. The home 7 serve as army chaplains, and 71 men expenditure of the Berlin Mission shows and 31 sisters are in the ambulance a saving of 46,549 Marks, against the corps. Nineteen have secured the Iron appropriation (naturally little could be Cross. In order to preserve the funds sent to the fields). The home income threatened by the war, 71 inspectors

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and missionaries have entered pastor- A Frenchman's Testimony A ates of the church for the time being." FRENCH litterateur, M. Lavredan, Opposition in Spain writes: "How fearful, how burn- MR. J. CRANE writes from Malaga, ing are the wOl:nds of a people in Spain, to Echoes oj Service: "We whose veins flows not a drop of the have had some anxiety on account of blood of that Wonderful One as a the Roman Catholic persecution. Spirit- healing balsam, that Wonderful Oneists are increasing rapidly, and atheists, I can not name Him. He was so good who claim nature as their god, seem to -and I I What would become of be more common than the Roman France if its children did not believe, if Catholics themselves-yet the latter its women did not pray. The artillery bring all their opposition against our of trust in God will win in this war. small group, and leave these un- The past of France was great. It was molested. Young men, who have family a believing France. France's present connections with the church, follow us is tribulation. It feels that it can not when distributing tracts, and ask the longer believe. Will its future be people for them, deliberately destroy- better? In God's hand! Only in God's ing them before us. A recently con- hand! A slain people covers the fields. How hard is it to be an atheist in this a verted couple put some texts round national graveyard! I can not! I can not! I have deceived myself and you their rooms, which were part of big who have read my books and sung my tenement house belonging to a mar- songs !" quesa, and they have been told to leave."

Rus.ia's Substitute Eor Vodka · NE feature of Russia's movement MOSLEM LANDS O toward the reform of the drinking Moslem Law of Revenge habits of her people has not come to the ONE of Islam's darkest blots is the prominence it merits in the consideration liberty given by the Koran in the of this burning question in our own country. A dispatch from Petrograd laws of revenge. This license to reindicates what is being done to encour- taliate will always encourage war and age the abstinence of those who, by im- bloodshed. The Arabs have no judicial perial edict, have been deprived of the courts, and, as tribal responsibility common means of intoxication. The exists in aU Moslem lands, the blooddispatch reads: "As a substitute for avenger never seeks the guilty person, vodka shops, which have been abolished, but takes revenge on the first person there have been erected in the opcn he meets of the same tribe. Among places throughout Russia' People's Pal- Moslems it is considered more honoraces' and smaller buildings, where able to seek revenge than to obtain a people may meet for entertainment and ransom. Dr. Kerr describes a case in instruction. In the government of Por- point. tava alone three hundred such places have been opened or projected. They "A young man came to the hospital to contain reading-rooms and halls in have a bullet removed from his ankle. which concerts, exhibitions, and other On asking how it happened, he related entertainments can be given." the following story: 'My only brother was shot in a quarrel, and it devolved on It is reported that Russians are wildly me to avenge his blood. Had I actaking up gambling to use the time, cepted ransom, I should have been money, and energy saved by the prohi- hounded out of my tribe as a Jew who bition of vodka. preferred money before honor. One night I crept outside of the tavern, and

saw the man I was seeking drinking tea for courage, faith and prayer for the with his friends. I lay down and took speedy dawn of the new day in Turkey, aim, but only shattered the cups on the which we confidently expect will come. tray. As they all had their guns, in a The missionaries are bearing a heavy moment the bullets were flying around load and they are doing it with marme. One struck my ankle, and I fell. velous Christian fortitude. As they were hard upon me I cried out, 'I am no thief, but the avenger of blood. A Missionary Heroine Who, for the sake of God and the Prophet, will protect me in my sacred THE recent experiences of American duty?' Not knowing who he was, a missionaries in Turkey furnish cousin of the man he meant to kill threw many a tale of heroism. One of the his cloak around him, and afterward few stories which has come so far is carried him to his tent. N ow, by the that of Miss Mary L. Graffam, principal sacred laws of revenge, this injured man of the high school for girls in Sivas. is permitted to have a shot at one of Last winter, when typhus raged so viruthe tribe, but not to kill him. Often a lently in Erzroom, she joined the relief lad of tender years is shot down to party which Dr. Clark, of Sivas, led atone for another's sin." across the mountains, through snow and cold, to the stricken city. She worked Later News from Turkey for weeks among sick and wounded in Erzroom, and then came back to her THE situati9n in Turkey continues station to face yet other emergencies. dark so far as the Armenians are concerned. The American Board sug- The Armenian deportation began gested to the Ambassador that the mis- methodically and proceeded with thorsionary women and children be en- oughness around Sivas. When Miss couraged to leave the country as well Graffam found that all the teachers and as the men who are at stations from pupils of her school, with their relawhich the Armenians have departed. tives were summoned to slart southward There is no indication that any of the next day, she made up her mind to go men will desire to come, and but few of with them. She went to the Va1i and the women. In October the mission- asked his consent. At first he refused, aries in Tarsus and Adana found it saying: "You could not stand it. It necessary to leave the country. The is a hard, long journey." She reminded new turn the war has taken in the him of her journey to Erzroom in the Balkans may make communication with winter. "Why do you want to go?" Turkey even more difficult, but will he asked. "They are my people. My probably not increase the danger of school is closed, my pupils and teachers their position. are going, my poor people are going. I will take medicines and help them The National Armenian Atrocities on their way." The Vali accordingly Committee, with headquarters at 70 gave his consent. She took quantities Fifth Avenue, New York, has already of medicine, a sum of money for relief cabled $100,000 relief money to Am- work, and what food she could carry bassador Morgenthau, and to Egypt with the other necessaries. A report $6,000 for the relief of Armenian refu- reached the Sivas station that Miss gees there. The Turkish government Graffam had reached Malatia in safety, refuses to permit any Armenians to a city five days' journey by horseback leave the country, but several hundred under normal conditions. The procesthousand have succeeded in escaping sion was still moving southward, but into Persia and Russia. It is a time its numbers were daily diminishing.

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Situation Still Critical in Peraia is only fair to assume that the recent measures have been taken after due T HE British consul-general at Ispa- consideration of all the facts and only han was attacked and slightly wounded while returning from his for the purpose of insuring tranquility morning ride on September 2d, and the in India during the continuance of the British vice-consul at Shiraz has been present conflict between the Great wounded and has succumbed to his in- Powers of Europe." Chriatian Village Headmen i uries. So unsafe has Ispahan become that the Briti'sh, French, and Russian colonies have been obliged, Reuter's tele- THE Presbyterian Mission in the gram says, to leave the city for Te- Punjab is applying the native in- heran, while the Germans who are sus- stitution of the vil1age headman to the pected of having instigated the trouble, organization of the church with interpresumably remain in undisturbed tran- esting results. In the village of quility. A telegram has been received Chathianwala, for instance, there are from Dr. D. W. Carr, the secretary of six Christian headmen, "fine, stalwart the Church Missionary Society Mission, fellows," three of whom can read. At dated September 9th, which runs, "Com- the close of the first Communion servmunity ordered evacuate Ispahan go ice that had ever been held in the Ahwaz wire money direct Yezd and village, the visiting missionaries con- Kerman." ducted a ceremony of decorating these six headmen, or lambardars, with INDIA medals' and signet rings, as signs of their office. The signet ring contains Interned German Missionaries the owner's name. Medal and ring to- gether cost less than a rupee, and this ffE position of German missions expense is met from the village collec- T and missionaries in India is radically tions. No man is appointed to be a changed from what it was a year ago. lambardar until he has been a Christia,l Then it was the evident intention of at least six months. The Christian the authorities to treat German and people of a village choose their head Austrian subjects engaged in mission man with the advice of the missionary work, whether in Roman Catholic or in and the local worker. At first a lam- Protestant missions, with' special con- bardar receives a provisional certificate, sideration; but now they are treated as which is later exchanged for a permaordinary enemy subjects.' Those of nent one, when he has proved his worth. military age are interned, while the The conditions for receiving a permawomen and children and men who are nent certificate are: Habit of attendance not of military age are repatriated. At at public worship, giving suitable conthe same time Government grants are tributions, ability to pray, readiness to to be withdrawn from mission institu- learn, zeal in bringing others to Christ. tions that have been under the management and control of German and Austrian missionaries.

A writer in the (English) Baptist Baptism of a Brahman I Missionary Review says, "Present meas- Na report of the Madras Southern ures affecting German and Austrian . Pastorate, Church Missionary Society, missionaries do not indicate that Gov- particulars are given of the baptism of ernment is in the slightest degree op- a young Brahman. His name is John posed to their mission work. Until the Alfred Krishnamurthy, and he belongs public are in possession of all the in- to a respectable family on the western formation that Government has in re- coast. He has studied up to the matricu- gard to aliens of hostile nationality, it lation standard, and he is an inteUigent

and thoughtful young man. He has made Hinduism, says: "Christianity, if once a great sacrifice in having renounced grasped by anyone, of whatsoever the privileges of being a Brahman, and caste, color, or creed, makes of him, giving up his own loving mother, indeed, a new creature, both in word brothers, and sisters. He has been read- and deed. In India, it counts in its ing the life of our blessed Lord from rank and file to-day the highest caste his childhood, and he is thoroughly con- of people, as well as the lowest of the vinced that Christ is the true Lord and low: the sometime proud self-righteous Savior, and that there is salvation 'only Pharisaic Brahman, the haughty, warthrough Him. He is very thankful to like Kshattriya, like the furious lion, find that his own people are very kind who carries the marks of a ruler in to him since his baptism, and that they him, as tho he were born to govern allow him to live with them as before. the animal kingdom; the cunning and This is really an extraordinary case shrewd Banya (merchant) , and the among the non-Christians in Madras, downtrodden Sandra of the menial and we trust that this will become a rule class, the Sweeper, the Chamar, and and not an exception in India.-Church the Dom are all among the Christians, Missionary Society Gazette. and in India, in the United Provinces, they all eat together and worship to- Had No Time for Overwork gether without any distinction of caste, looking upon one another as W ORKING in a government work- members of the same family. Thank shop on the Nilgiris Hills is a God that we are one in the Lord; one young Badaga, who became a Christian faith, one baptism, and one Lord ~esus and was baptized last year. During a Christ, the Savior of all mankind." press of work, most of the employees stayed to earn overtime pay. The young CHINA convert declined, and the manager sent for him and asked: "Why don't you stay Recrudescence of Paganism in the evening and get extra pay like the others? Do you know you could AFTER the revolution in China, says nearly double your wages." At last a writer in the Christian Herald, came the astonishing answer, "Please, multitudes seemed to lose faith in their sir, I can't; I am holding Bible class idols, and many developed iconoclastic every evening." The manager, himself tendencies. Temples were desecrated, a Christian, inquired further, and found and idols torn from their positions and that this convert of only a few months' thrown in the river or trampled under standing was going every evening to foot by jeering crowds. However, alhis own Badaga village to read the tho the temples were swept of their daily Scripture Union portion to the idols, the missionary force was not young men with whom he had grown adequate to take advantage of the new up, and explaining it as far as he was conditions, or to meet the opportunity able to do, and speaking to them, one by for Christian teaching which the new one, of his Savior. Three of these order afforded. Gradually the old cusyoung men have since as'ked for and re- toms have been revived. New temples ceived, and a fourth is under instruc- have been built, old ones repaired, and tion for, baptism. the idols, once despised, have been res- cued from their places of banishment, I New Creatures in India repainted, re-robed, and amidgreatpom~ N an autobiographical retrospect, in carried by admiring crowds to their old the Church, Missionary Review, temple homes and again placed, in the Canon S. Nihal Singh, a convert from seats of honor. At Liuchow, recently,

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an old idol that two years ago had been Christian movement in China and were pulled from its ancient seat, badly batter- interested in making acquaintance· with ed and then thrown in the river, was re- Christian forces in America. One of cently patched up, repainted, and placed the number was Mr. Chi Cheh Nieh, in the seat of honor in the renowned owner of large cotton mills at Shan- temple of the Southern Plains. Hun- ghai and chairman of the boys' work dreds have flocked daily to do it honor. committee of the Y. M. C. A. of that city. His father was governor of four Further Plans of the Rockefeller Board provinces of China. His uncle, Mar- quis Tseng, was China's minister to T HE plans of the China Medical England, France, Germany, and Russia. Board of the Rockefeller Founda- His grandfather, Tseng Kuo Fan, was tion, as outlined in the report just is- China's greatest statesman of the cen- sued, include the following steps: tury.

"Send from the United States peri- The only two dailies in Peking, . odically the best qualified technicians China, printed in the English lan- guage, are edited by Chinese who were in the various branches of medicine to educated in the Presbyterian mission keep the medical school abreast each school at Shanghai, and who, while in year with the freshest and most in- that city, were members of the First spiring discoveries. Presbyterian church.

"Within the chosen area compel H. K. Tong, editor of The Peking every medical practitioner on foreign Daily News, is also a graduate of the pay to spend at least three months of Missouri University, and studied jour- every year at the central medical nalism in Columbia. school, and pay his extra expenses so incurred. This is to be the indispens- D. Y. Chang, editor of the English able condition of any work in China. edition of The Peking Gazette, was a delegate to the Edinburgh missionary "It should be the duty of every man conference, and spoke there. to select one or more of the most promising Chinese boys under his con- Do Missions Pay? trol, and fit or see that others fit him properly for scientific medicine and IT is sometimes asked, "Do missions bring him to the central school. These pay?" A satisfactory and convincing medical missionaries are to be made affirmative answer to this question has active agents in making the present recently been given by the experience schools and colleges in their respective of a Boston man who sent his check spheres of influence efficient prepara- for $500 for mission work in Fuchau, . tory schools for Chinese medical South China. This sum, as reported in students. In so far as practicable the The Missionary Herald, supported four Foundation will assist selected schools Chinese pastors and preachers. One of to meet the requirements. them is the minister of a church seat- ing 500 people, where he preaches to "Concurrently with these steps, the at least 200 every Sunday. Twenty- Foundation will establish proper nurses' eight people united with the church in training-schools for men and women, ten months. Two of these pastors always, of course, in connection with organized Bible classes, one of them large hospitals." bringing into the church SO men. An- other visited the cities where the meet- Some Notable Chinese ings that followed up the work of Mr. Sherwood Eddy were held, and to date IT is a pleasure to learn that several members of the Chinese Commercial Commission which recently toured the United States were identified with the

9,230 people have decided to study the from the Emperor himself in recog- Bible. Besides supporting these four nition of his scholarship, was offered a tlative pastors, this fund of $500 sup- place in the Department of Finance. ported 8 theological students. This This department contains the most cov- Boston business man thought that mis- eted positions. The student chose, sions do pay and he smilingly sent in however. a position elsewhere, which his check for another $500. gave him opportunities to move freely from city to city and thus to take part JAPAN-KOREA in evangelization.

Progress in a Single Field Mr. Matsumoto, whose devotion to the Okayama orphanage has already AMI S S ION A R Y correspondent become widely known, is a graduate of writes: "There are 14 centers in the Imperial Agricultural College, and our field in Japan, each with a popula- it was in the face of intense family tion ranging all the way from one hun- opposition that he abandoned two dred thousand to three hundred thousand years ago all thought of official career. people, which are still unoccupied and waiting for the coming of the Gospel THE The Union Theological School in Korea message. In one of these, the Nakatsu Rev. E. M. Cable reports that valley, with a population of 250,000, the administration building given by Buddhism was driven out a great while Mrs. Fannie Nast Gamble to the Methoago by the ruling daimio. The people dist union theological seminary at Seoul, are insistently calling for a missionary. is completed. The dormitory buildings In the southern part of Kochi Ken and a new residence for Mr. Cable. one there is an opportunity to help evan- of the teachers in the theological school, gelize a section of Japan entirely set are also ready. Last year there graduapart from the Church. These people ated a class of 17 men. The coming seem more open to the Gospel than any- year will record a much larger class, where else in Japan. The Island of quite a number of them graduates from Skikoku, with a population of 4,000,000, higher mission schools. The students has not a single Christian boys' school. in the seminary take their first year of Our mission wants to estabUsh 10 Chris- work in the Pierson Memorial Bible tian schools in our field. It will cost School. about $40,000 to establish an adequate middle school on a par with those of The Korean Church a Model the government." MR. ABBOTT, a missionary in Japanese Choose Christian Careers Chefoo, says the Korean Church IS nearer the ideal church of apostolic INSTANCES have been recorded of days than any he has ever seen or Chinese Christians who have given heard of. They have a wonderful up much more lucrative positions. in system of Bible study. There is the order to engage in Christian work. Sunday Bible School in all the church- Mr. Galen Fisher reports similar de- es, where groups are in separate cisions on the part of certain Japanese classes with a separate teacher. On students. Saturday night, the teachers have a preparation class where they get filled An honor graduate of the law de- up ready for giving out on the Sunpartment was given a position in the day. Every church also has its own Home Department of the government. special week for Bible study for its He accepted, but a little later resigned members. Each district has a week to enter training for the Christian min- for study: to which any from the istry. A classmate in the law school, so gifted as to have received a watch

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

churches in that district may come. They have some hand looms but for For about two months near the end the last two years have had no place of the year, they have what they cal1 to use them. One loom has been en- the Institute when the helpers from larged so that we can have rag rugs the churches come, at their own ex- woven. pense, for definite Bible study. Then from February to April they have a Mr. McCune has recently conducted theological seminary, when the sJlecially revivals in several places. The twelve picked men from the churches come for churches of which he is pastor have more definite training. These are al1 grown rapidly.-M-rs. Geo. S. McCune. preparing for the ministry. They come from their work in the churches, AFRICA and after three months of hard study go back to their work, to live it out Heathen Customa Changed and pass it on. They are just steeped in the Bible, and the results have ARCHDEACON F. MELVILLE proved the value of such training. JONES narrates an incident of the A Missionary School at Syen Chun early days of the Niger Mission to illus- trate the power of the Gospel to create THERE are nearly one hundred new moral standards among people who had boys in the school since the open- previously been entirely lacking in them. ing of the term April 1st. This means "The chief in a town where we had not careful oversight as so much depends been before received us kindly and was upon beginning well. The dormitories willing to give us a site on which to are crowded to the limit, showing the build, but said that he hoped we would necessity of hurrying up the new not interfere with any of their customs. buildings. The first of these was that no one was allowed to keep a ram in that town. The boys do not live as they should, This peculiar local custom connected if left to provide and prepare their with their heathen rites we readily ex. 'own food; so instead of leaving them prest our willingness to respect. The to cook in little groups of four or next was that no one should interfere five as they room, Mr. McCune has di- with or take another man's wife. This vided them into clubs, and each club has we stated was in accordance with our a woman to cook for them. The boys God's law and would be observed. Then give her her food for her work and a in the same category, he told us it was little money for shoes, and so the cook- the custom when a big man or chief died, ing is better. The new building, head- to put to death many of his wives, so quarters for the work department, is that they might minister to him in the going up under Chinese contract. Of other world! On hearing that we the 148 boys in school, 84 are in need should do our best to put an end to this of work to pay part or all of their ex- cruel custom, the chief said that he penses and quite a number can work on wished he had not given us the land. this new building. However, when we told him we should use no force to accomplish our end, but The boys need to learn to work and simply teach the people God's law out the agricultural department will be the of our holy book, he was quite satisfied most profitable now and later. The car- and said we could come as soon as we penter shops are profitable too; boys liked. No book would ever have power come out quite proficient men. Weaving to break through this long-established too will be easily managed when the custom. The sequel is, there is now new building provides a room for· it. a church in the town, and the Bible has so changed the character of the people

that the old custom prevails no longer." churches, trusted as a councillor, rev- –C. M. S. Review. ered as a leader, and, above all, looked up to as a saint of God, he has done a Systematic Giving in Africa great work, and when he lays down his office others will enter upon his labors LAST year saw the establishment of and reap what he has sowed." a "builders' band" in Bunyoro, The Work of an Interned Missionary which was very satisfactory, notwithstanding the fact that it was a year of TFfE British missionaries interned famine. The Rev. H. A. Brewer says: during the war in German East "In Hoima district we have closed our first year with a roll of over 700 men, Africa include fourteen representatives women, and children, who have pledged of the Church Missionary Society, and themselves to give some set amount 40 of the Universities Mission. Friends regularly-adults not less than Rl (1s. had no word from them for many 4d.) every year, and children not less months, but a letter which came from than half a rupee. The whole sum Rev. T. B. R. Westgate, D.D., in brought in by this means amounts to August, shows how he at least has been £30 or £40, nearly all of which is sheer spending his time. Writing to Mrs. gain, i.e., would not have been given Westgate in England, he says: "I have otherwise. The principle is instilled translated Leviticus, Judges, 1 and 2 that every Christian should try to do Samuel, 1 Kings, and the fifth Book of something, and is of incalculable value, Psalms since August of last year." the tendency having grown up for the peasantry to leave all the financial sup- This devoted missionary can make his port to the chiefs, which was far from being a healthy state of things. Our own st. Paul's words: "The things teachers' and clergy's stipends are fixt on a very low rate, but we need in which have happened unto me have Hoima district every year at least £150, fallen out rather to the furtherance of and, as this has to be collected largely the Gospel."-Church Missionary Soin cents, it is easy to imagine what a ciety Gleaner. help the 'builders' scheme has been." More Rum for Africa Bishop Hartzell Retires PURSUING the subject of the ship- "AFRICA to-<1ay is God's last, if not ment of American rum to West His greatest, challenge to the Africa, the Missionary Herald says: "We take from a Boston daily this re- Christian Church." These are the port of the continuance of the traffic: words of one who, for the last eighteen years, has devoted himself to the work "'Laden with the fourth cargo of of Christ in the Dark Continent. Bishop rum, tobacco, lumber, and flour that has Hartzell is to retire next May from ser- been shipped from Boston within the vice as missionary bishop of the Method- past few months, the four-masted ist Episcopal Church. Evangelical Chris- schooner Florence Thurlow sailed totendom, an English paper, commenting day for ports on the west coast of on his retirement, says: "Wherever he Africa. Her shipments include 830 went he was an inspiring influence. His puncheons, 1,770 kegs and 392 barrels heart was drawn to all who love the of rum, 2,099 barrels of flour, 290 Lord, and he was always a living wit- tierces and 1,018 cases of leaf tobacco, ness to the spirit of Christian unity. and quantities of pine boards. Loved by men of all the evangelical .. 'The barque Ruth Stark, which r~ cently arrived from Liverpool, will sail with a similar cargo in about two weeks.'

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

"The business seems to be growing. Basel mission has heard very little since Before we throw any more stones at April. There are 700 pupils in Bali England for her forcing of opium on and 40 new pupils entered into the girls' China, we may well reflect on what the school. At the close of 1915, 25 pupils United States is doing by fortnightly and 3 women were baptized there. shipments of rum to Africa." The mission people of the southern Universities Mission and the War stations of German Southwest Africa were brought to Natal and forbidden THE report of the Universities' Mis- to return to their field of labor for the sion to Central Africa refers to the present. A Rhenish mission sister refact that 41 of its missionaries in Ger- mained voluntarily as nurse in the conman East Africa have been completely centration camp. It is hoped that the cut off from the outer world for many Rhenish missionaries will be allowed to months. There was a rumor that they remain in the northern stations of the were being well treated, but that was territory. all the information to be obtained. The drawing up of the usual report was, The Zulu Industrial School therefore, rendered somewhat difficult. Last year twelve pages were occupied THE NATAL MERCURY reports a with describing the Magila, Zigualand, dramatic scene on the occasion of and Rovuma Archdeaconries. This year there is no news about them. Added to the visit of the Governor-General of this anxiety is the uncertainty of the South Africa to the Ohlange Institute influence which the war may have upon for the Education of Natives (near the funds. During the year 19 new Phoenix), of which the Rev. John L. members joined the mission. Seven Dube is president. Lord Buxton, Lady went to Zanzibar, 7 to Nyassaland, and Buxton, the Hon. Phyllis and Lord 5 to Northern Rhodesia. Carlton arrived on July 17th.

German Mission in Africa "A crowd of natives were seen rush- ing down, brandishing shields and COMMUNICATION with mission staves, the band being under command fields is uncertain and slow even in of their chief Mandhla ka Yise, in neutral countries, but communication European dress, on horseback. The has not stopt entirely even with Ger- natives wheeled in front of the Viceman possessions in Africa and Aus- regal party, and executed a war dance. tralasia. Many German mission workers Mandhla ka Yise ("the power of his are still at their posts even tho they father") is a son of the late Chief labor under great difficulties. The native Umqawe, of the Madadi tribe, who led churches and native helpers are very a regiment of his people in the Zulu faithful even to imprisoned mission- War, and fought valiantly for Queen aries. In the British colonies, where Victoria. the German missions have worked a long time, a large number of natives "In contrast to this heathen war have been educated. dance was the crowd of fully 2,000 drest Christian natives, who gathered The German missionaries in Dahomey round the front door to hear the adhave been forbidden to write home as dresses. . . ." a retaliation for German treatment of French prisoners in the territories of Mr. Dube referred to the progress North France occupied by Germans. made by the natives in their education. From the Gras Land of Kamerun the The new building which His Excel- lency opened was built largely by stu- dents, who were paying the expenses of their education. The new building is

of sandstone, quarried on the school enabling it to take more pay students, property, and hewn by students; and in or endowment, increasing its resourcesarchitecture, workmanship, and impos- carry the burden of these hundreds of ing appearance it will compare well additional working students. Every spot with any building for native education on which a boy can sleep at night is in South Africa. In all there are 11 already full. It was a sight, crowded good buildings belonging to the institu- with lessons, to go about the dormitories tion. after lights were out at 10 o'clock and. to see the tables and floors and every MALAYSIA AND THE ISLANDS square foot of the verandas covered Anti-Christian Propaganda in Malaysia with boys on cots or on their simple mats, packed together like fishes in a THE government in Dutch East In- tin. A movement for enlargement has dies gives large subsidies to private met with enthusiastic support among the schools which meet certain require- parents of the boys and those fathers ments, including the mission-schools. who are eager to make it possible for The Mohammedan press now resents their sons who have not been able to this as an attempt of the Christian get in to enjoy the benefits of the instigovernment to force the natives to be- tute. Fifty thousand pesos, nearly, have come Christians. Behind this attack now been pledged, and the missionaries stands the European press inimical to hope to raise $50,000 gold in the islands mISSIons. Mohammedan circles oppose themselves, which they ask the home missions with the assertion of liberty Church to duplicate with another of conscience; all religions are alike, $50,000." and to invite anyone to change his religion is foolish and not right. The A New Plan for Australia anti-Christian movement in Islam is also helped by Theosophic-Buddhistic THE so-called Inland Mission Scheme papers. Orthodox: circles have also has been devised by the General their energetic representatives, and Assembly of Australia to meet the their influence is growing. They are spiritual and medical needs of the white publishing magazines which have no dwellers in the great interior of the other mission but to combat Christian- country. Three years ago the Assemity with intellectual weapons, but they bly, realizing how hopeless were the are imitating various missionary meth- attempts of the weaker churches in variods, and it is ;aid that they even pro- ous States to minister to the scattered pose to organize a Mohammedan Sal- popUlation at mining camps, sheep and vation Army. cattle stations, and small townships, de- cided to excise from the various States A A Fountain of Living Waters an area of about 2,000,000 square miles, FTER a recent visit to the Philip- nearly two-thirds of the country, and pil)es Robert E. Speer has written: set this specially apart to be worked by "Silliman Institute at Dumaguete has the whole Church of Australia. The become a fountain of living water for difficulties are very great, because of all the Central and Southern Philippine the scattered nature of the population Islands. The morning of the day of and the enormous distances. It is proour arrival it enrolled 699 students, and posed to employ ministers, missionaries, two more came in during the day. and qualified deaconess-nurses who are Three hundred boys, eager to come to whole-hearted for God, the ministers work their way, have been refused this and missionaries to itinerate in the loneyear, as the school has no room for ly bush homes, pointing the people to more, and can not-without extension,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

the God of their fathers, and the our chapel is quite inadequate to seat trained nurses to be settled in the small the entire congregation." centres of population, where small hostels will have to be built. These nurses "An amazing change has taken place. will really take the place of doctors, and will make it their special care to r am preaching the gospel to crowded rob of its terrors the crisis of motherhood for the wives of the pioneers. houses, often there not being standing They will be missionaries, too, and will room." point the way to the Physician of the souls of men. "In two years we have outgrown our quarters twice, and now have the great MISCELLANEOUS problem of building a church capable of holding our congregations." Bright Bita of Miuionary News "The school enrollment has increased THE following extracts from mission- 200 per cent." ary letters give a faint glimpse of the encouraging progress in many mis- "On my last visit the church was sion fields. The pressure on mission packed to overflowing, a large number boards for larger. appropriations and having to sit on mats spread on the more missionaries is tremendous: ground in the yard."

"The people receive us into their Number of Jesuits in the World homes as never before, and many pupils are turned away from the schools for AMERICA, a Roman Catholic pub-' lack of room." Jication, gives the following figures "The hospital is enj oying greater concerning the Jesuits of the world: popularity than at any time in its pre- "On January I, 1914, the society numvious history. The old and bitter preju- bered 8,262 priests, 4,481 scholastics, dice is passing. Patients of every class 4,151 lay brothers; in all, 16,894. Of are crowding in from towns and villages this number 2,183 priests,429 scholfar and near. Our present accommoda- astics, and 1,027 lay brothers, totaling tions are utterly inadequate to meet the 3.639 are on foreign fields. In the demands." United States, including Alaska, there are 2,676 Jesuits. Of these 1,2II are "In despair, the people are now look- priests, 910 scholastics, and 555 lay ing to Christianity as never before." brothers. These are divided among four provinces-Maryland and New "The whole attitude of the people to- York, with 895 members; Missouri with ward us and our work has changed." 859 members; California, with 404, and New Orleans, with 243. In addition "The schools are badly overcrowded, to these, 265 Jesuits, mostly members and for four years we have been unable of European provinces, are working in to increase the number of boarders for the Philippines, in Colorado and New lack of room." Mexico. The annual increase pf the society in tIle United States on Jan- "Our school enrollment since last Sep- uary I, 1914. was 58, and of the whole tember has increased more than 70 per society, 180." cent." Growth of Bible Circulation "The old spirit of hostility is broken down, and the people everywhere listen IT is but little more than a century ago attentively to the message–a vast change that Voltaire prophesied that in a from former conditions. The doors' hundred years the Bible would be an exstand wide open on every hand, but, tinct book. How has that prophecy been alas! we have not the workers to enter fulfilled? From 1804 to 1817 the total them. Our Boys' School had to refuse issues of Bibles and portions of the same many applicants for lack of room, and in all Europe and America were about

three million copies, or an average of may be said that she laid down her life less than a quarter of a million a year, in the service of the people of Turkey. distributed in less than seventy languages. At present the thirty Bible so- Mrs. Ussher died at Van, her miscieties of the world which exist for the sionary home for sixteen years, and the specific purpose of publishing the Word scene of her indefatigable labors of God without note or comment, issue through the long terror of the recent the whole Bible or portions of it in over siege. 500 languages and the aggregate circulation is about 18,000,000 copies a year. Mrs. Raynolds, of Van, who had seen Then there are the Bibles and portions nearly fifty years of missionary serprinted by private publishing firms, re- vice, survived to reach Tiflis, but not to turns of which have recently been welcome her husband, who arrived gathered for the first time, and these add there on his way back from the Uni- 10,000,000 copies to the annual output. ted States two days after her death. Thus we have 28,000,000 or more than 120 times the annual output of a century Dr. Raynolds, Dr. Ussher and his ago. And besides this, there are the three children, and other members of many millions of copies of texts and the Van Mission returned to New York quotations circulated annually in our in October. marvelously developed Sabbath-school literature and the literature of the Miss Ely entered into rest from Bitchurches. lis, which also for nearly fifty years had been her home, and where she was OBITUARY NOTES the beloved principal of "Mt. Holyoke Seminary" and in charge of women's Dr. Stephen O. Benton of New York work over the large outlying field.

D R. STEPHEN O. BENTON, for Booker T. Washington 13 years corresponding secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the O N November 14th, in Tuskegee, Ala- Methodist Episcopal Church, died at bama, where he founded his famous his home in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., from Institute, Dr. Booker T. Washington lmemic poisoning, October 23, 1915, passed away. The cause of his death at the age of sixty-six. was hardening of the arteries. A sketch of his life and work wi1 appear in an His father and grandfather were early number of the REVIEW. Methodist preachers, and he was born at Middletown, Conn., April 30, 1849. Rev. A. E. Casalis of France In 1869 he was married to Miss Ellen M. Taft, of Stafford Springs, Conn., ALFRED EUGENE CASALIS, the and in 1870 entered the ministry in 19-year-old grandson of the distin- Providence Conference, of which he guished founder of the Basutoland was presiding elder from 1890 to 1896. Mission, lost his life III a severe en- gagement north of Arras, in which 64 In 1902 he was elected Recording Sec- out of the 7S III his company were retary of the Board of Foreign Missions, killed. in which capacity he served with faithfulness and efficiency. In Paris he had made brilliant prog- ress in classical studies, and had en- Missionary Deaths in Turkey tered the Theological Faculte at the University of Montauban, with a view T HE Eastern Turkey Mission has lost to beco'11in'S a missionary in his turn. three of its members, Mrs. Clarence Cal1ed to join his regiment in January, D. Ussher and Mrs. George C. Ray- he was invalided out, but rejoined as a nolds, of Van, and Miss Charlotte E. volunteer in April, tho not obliged to Ely, of Bitlis, of each of whom it do so. Alfred Casalis was everywhere beloved. An earnest Christian, "the joy of the Lord was his strength." ~m 'm~' BOOKS ON MISSIONS ! . AND MISSION LANDS <.:._..""./,/ -……..

11 dlllil Childhood in the Moslem World. By train them, to transform them, to have Samuel M. Zwemer. Illustrated. 8vo. Jesus Christ transfigure their lives by 273 pp. $2.00. Revell, 1915. His indwelling. We can see by faith the day approaching when these children Dr. Zwemer not only has a profound shall grow up to the measure of the knowledge of Moslem life, gained by 25 stature of the fulness of Christ." years in Mohammedan lands, but he is also skilled in presenting his facts in Christianity and the Jew. An appeal to stirring and convincing fashion to Chris- the Church of Christ. By Delaware W. tian audiences. Scott. 12mo. 100 pp. 75 cents. Stan- dard Publishing Co., Cincinnati, 1915. This valuable study of the condition Israel is the great enigma of history of Moslem children is compelling in hu- man interest and appealing to Christian unless revealed in the light shed by the sympathy. The book is exceedingly rich Old and New Testaments. But the negin facts. It reveals good and bad details lect and persecution of Israel by Chrisof child life in Mohammedan homes in tians is difficult to understand in any Arabia, Africa, Turkey, China, India, light. It is a dark record. Persia, and elsewhere. Dr. Zwemer, and the many authorities that he quotes, de- Mr. Scott takes up the subject in an scribe the life of Moslem children from elementary way, and makes an earnest, their birth, often amid dirt and disease, convincing .plea for missions to the Jews. their education-religious but immoral- Briefly, and without traversing new their early marriage and frequent ground, he surveys the Jew as revealed divorce, and on to death. in the Bible and in history; the Jew in literature, arts, and science; the Jews' No one who loves children as Dr. Zwe- contribution to religion and the present mer loves them, and sees in them the crisis in Judaism. The author lacks inpossibility of Christlikeness, can read formation and makes a mistake in stating this description of the woes and evils that there is no work for the Jews. Apof Moslem childhood without being parently he is ignorant of the many deeply stirred. Eighty millions of these Christian missions to Israel in Engchildren are as yet practically untouched land, America, Germany, Palestine, by Christian missions. The hope of win- North Africa, and elsewhere. The book ning the followers of Mohammed to is, howeveF, a good primer to put in the Christ lies in the children-before they hands of those uninformed and willing are blighted with the poison of Islam. to consider our debt and present duty to- "The evangelization of the Moslem ward God's ancient people. world in this generation," says Dr. Zwemer, "may dismay even the most daunt- Called to the Colors and other Stories. less faith, but the evangelization of the 12mo. 199 pp. $1.00. Christian Women's coming generation is not an impossible Peace Movement, West Medford, Mass., task to those who have witnessed the ac- 1915. cessibility and responsiveness of child- While not a missionary book in the hood. . . . Then comes the inspiration of the latent possibilities in Moslem generally accepted sense, this is a volume childhood; of what it would mean to of stories with a mission-a mission of peace. The most striking and powerful story is the last, entitled, "The Iron Cross." It is a worthy winner of the result of seed planted by the Christian prize offered by the Christian Woman's Peact Movement, and adapts the story preacher and teacher. If anyone still of the Crucified One to the present warfare. Each of the seven stories has its doubts the practical efficacy of Christian own peculiar force and beauty. Together they ring out in harmonious chimes the missions in Asia, Africa, South America, first Christmas message of the angelic hosts, "Glory to God . . . Peace on and the islands, let him be convinced by Earth." reading the story of Korea, of the West Study of a Rural Parish. A Method of African mission, of Un Ro, of the Survey. By Ralph A. Felton. 8vo. Missionary Education Movement, New Church in Rio de Janeiro, and of the York, 1915. work for blind, insane, and leprous. Such Mr. Felton has here compiled a: set a text-book promises to awaken young of suggested blanks for the use of pastors of rural churches who wish to study people, not only to a deeper interest in their fields scientifically. There is also an excellent and full bibliography of foreign missions but to better service in volumes bearing on the subject. It is a book ready for real and practical use. the home church.

The Churches at Work. By Charles L. NEW BOOKS White. Illustrated. 12mo. 226 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Education Movement, Williams College and Foreign Missions. New York, 1915. Biographical Sketches of Williams Col- The problems facing Christian lege. Men who have rendered Special Service to the Cause of Foreign Missions. churches in America are numerous and By John H. Hewitt. Illustrated, xi-641 serious. Dr. White shows what they are pp. Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914. by concrete examples. Better still, he shows how they have been solved by Called. By E. May Crawford. 185 pp. spiritual forces at work in city and coun- 2s.6d. C. M. S., London, 1915. try districts, among foreigners and Americans, by social forces and spiritual The Judson Centennial, 1814-1914. methods. This is a text-book for mission Edited by Howard B. Grose and Fred study classes, but it contains an array P. Haggard. II1ustrated. 305 Pl>. $1. of facts valuable to any American American Baptist Pub. Society, Phila- delphia, 1914. reader. The People of India. By Sir Herbert Rising Churches in Non-Christian Lands. Risley, KC.S.I. Second edition, edited By Arthur ]. Brown. Illus'trated. 8vo. by W. Crooke. Illustrated. xxxii-472 236 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Educa- pp. Thacker, London, 1915. tion Movement, New York, 1915. The transformat'ion of individuals The Stolen God and Other Experiences of Indian Palace Life. By Dr. Nina and of communities in non-Christian Ottmann. Illustrated. 85 pp. Is., net. lands constitutes the miracle of mod- Carey Press, London, 1915. ern history. The stories of the beginnings, growth, and methods of typical South and South Central Africa: A churches, as described by Dr. Brown, Record of Fifteen Years' Missionary make a deep impression. Here we see the Labors among Primitive Peoples. By rise of churches, the development of H. Frances Davidson. Illustrated. 481 education, the increase of industry, the pp. $1.50. Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, -extension of missionary work-all as the II1., 1915.

Tahan: Out of Savagery Into Civiliza- tion. An Autobiography. By Joseph K. Griffis. IlIustrated. 263 Pl>. $1.25. Doran, New York, 1915.

The History of the Melanesian Society. By W. H. R. Rivers. 2 volumes. 36s., net. Cambridge University Press, Lon- don. 1914.

Confucianism and Its Rivals. The Hib- bert Lectures. Second Series. By Her- bert A. Giles. 271 pp. 6s., net. Wil- liams & Norgate, London, 1915.

The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History, Iconography, and Pro- gressive Evolution through the Northern Buddhist Countries. With a general in- troduction in Buddhism. Translated from the French of J. Deinter by Alice Getty. Illustrated. £3. 3s., net. 246 pp. Claredon Press, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1915

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

MISSIONA~Y fI~ES 1. In Sumatra (Dutch East Indies) there is [,OW a race between the Cross and the Crescent, and the one which reaches the people first will be the ruling faith. (See page 428.) 2. A Moslem gentleman in Tunis says that the greatest danger to the Moham- medan faith comes from Christian work among the children. (See page 415.) 3. Twelve thousand Scotch soldiers have recently joined the Pocket Testa- ment League, and thousands of others are in the same band of Bible- readers. (See page 435.) 4. "Scatter-the-Truth" bands have been formed among the Chinese Chris- tians. The members volunteer to go among non-Christians distributing tracts, preaching, and selling Bibles. In one district one of these bands disposed of 3,000 gospels. (See page 404·) 5. Mohammedanism has been losing ground for the past seventy-five years. Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Rumania, Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, Egypt have all been taken from Turkey, and to-day only one-tenth of the 2IO,000,OOO l'iohammedans are uncler Moslem rulers. A great awakening and readiness to acknowledge Christ may follow the war. (See page 40I.) 6. Modern inventions increase missionary efficiency. By motor-cycles, ten native preachers in Shantung are able to carryon work which seventeen men were formerly needed to superintend. (See page 468.) 7. Does Japan need missionaries? It is estimated that there are 6,000,000 unevangelized women in ten provinces in Japan. (See page 470.) 8. "Bible-pockets" are a new feature of the Korean Christian costumes. (See page 470.) 9. The Rockefelier Foundation recognizes the great value of medical mis- sions, and is planning on a large scale to improve medical and hospital conditions in China. (See page 466.) IO. Sales of Testaments and other Christian literature among the "!VIoslems of Morocco have greatly increased since the beginning of the war. (See page 402.) II. Mexico is passing through a religious, as weil as a political upheaval. The result may be a great movement toward Christ, or a wave of in- fidelity. (See page 476.) 12. In Portugal, where there was no religious liberty under the n10narchy, the Young Men's and 'Nomen's Christian Associations are now free to work. (See page 405.) I SI ARY REVIEW , OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.6 JUNE, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No… Old Series New Series mSIGNSv v THE v TIMES JI ITHE DISINTEGRATION OF ISLAM movements in which whole villages, S the time approaching in the Mos- are ready to renounce idolatry and lem world when there will be mass accept Christ. China, which for the movements toward Christianity, when first half century of Protestant mishundreds, yes, thousands,' of the fol- sionary effort yielded only 3,000 lowers of the Arabian prophet will converts, in the second half century recognize that they have been fol- yielded 200,000, and now the nation lowing a false light and will turn seems eager to learn of Christ and to the true-the only-Light of the His remedy for sin. World? Only a few yea,rs ago such a suggestion would have seemed an Mohammedans have always relied idle dream, for Islam was regarded largely on their political power and as the weB nigh impregnable rock the conquest of the sword. Thus against which Christianity, was beat- their early victories were won. Thus ing in vain. To-day there are evi- they have spread fear of apostacy in dences of a coming disintegration. the minds of those who would other- Already large ~umbers of Moslems wise openly confess their faith in have turned Christward in Malaysia. Christ. But the temporal power of Islam has been disintegrating, and There have been and are mass soon the religious leaders will be no movements among other peoples who longer able to threaten with the not many years ago seemed almost or power of a Moslem state. For quite as unreacMble as Mohamme- seventy-five years Mohammedanism dans. The Hindus seemed to be so has been losing temporal powerintrenched in ignorance, superstition, Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Rumania, idolatry, and caste that nothing would Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, Egypt, have move them. To-day there are mass all been taken from Turkey, and to- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW.. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articJ.es in these pages.-EDITORS. day not more than one-tenth of the bought more New Testaments and Moslems of the world are under Moslem rulers. Gospels, and took away more Chris- The Mohammedans are also com- tian literature within the past few ing to see that their education is de- fective, that their homes are loveless, months than during the whole preand that their morals are rotten. The present war may include a final blow ceding year. to Turkey-already the Moslem "holy war" has proved an empty bubble. One Spanish merchant who read For some years Moslem students have been entering Christian universities the Gospel of Luke and some of the in increasing numbers. Many are secret believers in Christ. Christian Psalms remarked: "I really believed Bibles and literature have been scattered broadcast and have penetrated that the books had reference to the remote corners of the Moslem world. There has been plowing and seed- war; but, instead, I find they are sowing, God has been sending His sunshine, and there have been clouds good Protestant books." He shook the size of a man's hand to foretell coming showers. May not the time hands with the missionary, and said: soon be coming when toe hard soil will show new signs of fertility, when "God bless you and your work. It is the rock will dissolve, and everywhere the harvest will be ripe? Will quite true that if men would obey the the Church. be ready, or will the .ripened grain rot because of lack of voice of God this awful conflict harvesters? would not have taken place. Give INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON me a few more of these books for NORTH AFRICAN MISSIONS my children." "If Morocco is to be T HE war in Europe has brought won for Christ," writes Dr. Kerr, "it some unexpected 'opportunities in Morocco for the missionaries who can only be through the people beremained at their posts to extend the Gospel. Moslems were frightened, coming familiar with the Word of and hundreds came to the missionaries asking if there were any dan- God." ger. Dr. Kerr of Rabat told them that he could sell them books that Among the educated Moors the would show them the cause of the war; how to have protection in dan- war has produced a striking reflex ger; and how war can be prevented. This announcement caused some ex- action. In the towns they are rapcitem!!nt among his visitors. They idly becoming more enlightened through the daily papers. A few weeks ago a learned and respected Moslem teacher called at the dispens- ary, and said: "I ha"e been reflect- ing on this awful war, how the Christians have brought the Moslems from Africa, the heathen from India, the idolators from Japan, and the Jews, also, to crush another Chris- tian State. Now, in all the history of Islam you could not find a parallel to the present war, that is, of the Moslems joining hands with the heathen, the idolators, the Christians, and the Jews to crush another Mos- lem State. I thought, after what has happened, that you could not refrain longer from publicly becoming a Moslem." .

Not long ago a Moslem said to Dr.

OF THE TIMES

Kerr: "Why don't you turn your responsible for securing their monthly attention to the Christians? With all salary from the' patrons of the our faults, we have some religion schools. The well-to-do must pay left; but the Christians have none." , the full tuition, and the poorer in proportion to their means. Every The large influx of godless Euro- pupil is required to pay something. peans into Morocco has also told ad- Many of the official class have shown versely on missions. The war will, themselves favorable to the missionno doubt, greatly hinder the work aries and their work, and since the among Moslems for years to come; Siamese and Laos are a childlike but in spite of the difficulties, there race the progress of education in are a large number of intelligent Mos- Christian truth and development of lems who are longing after something Christian character is slow but is better, and are glad to receive Gospels steady. and Nile Mission Press publications. Pray that these Moslems may not be PROGRESS AND PLAGUE IN ARABIA hindered in Jeceiving Christ. THERE ar.e signs that the war SIAM IN TRANSITION wiII doubtless· bring blessing in C OMPARATIVELY little is re- its wake to some of the lands in- volved in the conflict. Recent letters ported about Siam in either the from Arabia describe the changes secular or religious press, but there that have been made in Busrah since is, nevertheless, progress in the little the British occupied the' town. They kingdom. Siam has adopted English are not waiting until the close of the law; is training a comparatively large war to develop the place. Many new army; is constructing railroads and bridges and roads have been built, wagon roads; is endeavoring to and contracts for improvements are launch a better irrigation system; has being given out rapidly. This work established compulsory education, and has created a demand for interis using the numerous monasteries for preters, and the boys who learned common schools. English in the mission schools find ready employment. The king seems, to be endeavoring to revive Buddhism, and while some The mission schools in Busrah are consider that this counter current is a flourishing and should increase rapserious hindrance, others 100k upon idly as the demand for Englishit as one of the results of the trans- speaking Arabs increases. Die new formation process, the irresistible government will probably give a substirring that the contact with Chris- stantial grant for the work. The tianity has caused. evangelistic department is likewise flourishing. The colporteurs find a There are many reasons for en- ready sale for the Scriptures among couragement; among others is noted the English and Indian soldiers. the tendency of the resident Chinese to embrace Christianity. Another Mrs. Van Ess, of the Reformed sign of progress is the rapid advance (Dutch) Church mission says: "It of self-support. In the mission seems as. tho Arabia were never so schools for both boys and girls in the interesting nor the work so promcity of Praa, the teachers are made ising."

The missionaries at Bahrein are grope after God, if haply they may free from the stress of war condi- find Him-stilI Christians withhold· tions, but they are living in the midst the true light.

of another horror. Plag~e, both bu- A "SCATTER·THE·TRUTH BAND" IN bonic and pneumonic, is raging CHINA among the people. It began in January, and will continue until the real T HE future evangelists of Ch~na hot weather comes. must be Chinese. Pastor Dmg Li Mei on a visit to Wanhsien, a A NEW CULT IN CHINA China Inland Mission station in A CURIOUS cult, said to have Szechuan, held some very successful many thousands of jidherents, evangelistic meetings, but the most has arisen during the last thirty years far-reaching results of his work was in the province of Kiangsi, spreading in his suggestion that the Christians thence into northwest Fukien. The form a "Scatter the Truth Band"- name of the cult is "Great Elder to go out book-selling, preachiI}g and Worship"; it is also called "Very tract distributing. "This," writes First Doctrine" and "Doctrine of Mr: H. W. Funnell, in China's Mil- Passivity." lions, "we continued for several weeks, disposing of 3,000 Gospels. Its founder was a farmer, who After that we decided upon a week's lived an ascetic ,life for some years special evangelistic meetings, ouron a mountain top, where he was selves. During the week at least later joined by two others. These 2,000 gospels were sold, and many three used to meet on the hill-top heard the Gospel who had never done to worship space. Night and day so before. We now have about they did not lie down to sleep but seventy or eighty newcomers attendsat with eyes closed and mouth open, ing our meetings and classes-we ~hile they meditated in their hearts call them "hearers." and let themselves be possest .by space. This process was called "De- The Sunday following this evansire reason and nourish nature." By gelistic week was a day of real this means they said sickness could thanksgiving, for four men burned be cured and opium-craving over- their idols publicly at the close of the come without the use of medicine. morning service.

The leaders teach that men must It will interest those who pray to do good works, abstain from gam- know that Mr. Darlington of this bling, despise riches and the things of station has asked friends at home to the world. Sick people need not pray for various parts of the work abstain from other kinds of worship, and for people there, and is now able but those who "obtain reason,"· and to report thirty-eight answers to become teachers must abstain. The definite requests sent fo these home original three appear to have been friends.

honest men, leading good lives, but A NEW NATIONAL CAMPAIGN T their representatives are often far WO years ago the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement conducted a from following their example. Here is but another example of how men very successful nation-wide campaign

OF IHE

in the interests of Home and Foreign This union movement, led by the Missions. Some 500 conferences were laymen for a world-wide conception held in great centers and outlying and more .adequate fulfilment of the districts, and many churches and lay- missionary work of the Church, is men were brought into more vital one of the hopeful signs of the times touch with the work of the Church in America. in all lands. One result was that BRITISH LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT gifts were increased in many cities So I N the midst of the throes of war, per cent., and in some churches 500 per cent. British Christians are preparing for forward missionary advance in For the coming year a new nation- the cause of the Prince of Peace. wide campaign is planned by the In Chester, England, an important Laymen's Movement, with the co- conference of representatives of the operation of the Home and Foreign Laymen's Missionary Movements in Boards. Conventions are to be held England, Scotland and Ireland, was in about one hundred leading cities recently held. The aiin of the move- -beginning in October, 1915, and ment is "to quicken among laymen concluding with a National Mission- faith in Christ as the one Savior and Light of the W orId; to call forth ary Congress in Washington, D. c., and focus the service, sacrifice and influence of laymen on _behalf of in April, I916. Five teams of the the extension of the Kingdom of best speakers avail~ble will be in Christ throughout the world, and as the field at once, and extension work an essential part of this task to inis planned for the districts a.round the sist upon the application of Chrismain centers. tian principles to the life not only of individuals, but also of society and The main objectives in this cam- nations." Lord Bryce delivered a paign are: powerful address on the present world-crisis, in the course of which he I. To consider new world conditions said that as the Laymen's Missionary and America's enlarged responsibil- Movement had enlisted their sym- ity. pathies to think that Christianity was the only remedy for the ills of 2. To study the missionary progress of the world, they should consider it as recent years. a part of a greater movement for Christianizing themselves. 3. To project plans looking toward the accomplishment of our whole mis- RELIGIOUS OPPORTUNITY IN sionary duty. PORTUGAL 4. To emphasize the adequacy of the BEFORE Portugal became a Re- Gospel to meet modern social con- public in I9IO, the Roman Catho- ditions. lic Church was in full power, and 5. To increase the spiritual power and true liberty of conscience and wor- efficiency of the local church. ship was denied to other faiths. The 6. To secure the general use of the best methods of missionary education and finance.

7. To inspire laymen to take their part in the extension of the Kingdom of Christ.

law stated that anyone leaving the Episcopal Church, writes of a great Roman Catholic Church would be wave of religious interest that is banished from the country. The sweeping over Norway. He reports small Protestant congregations in that on a recent trip through that Lisbon, Porto, and a few other cen- country, he spoke once or twice every ters, existed under difficulties. Bible day, meeting groups of pastors at colporteurs were liable to arrest, and various centers, and conferring with their Biblea were sometimes burned. committees and Boards. In toost With the establishment of the Re- towns and cities the Methodist public five years, ago religious liberty churches were packed to their utmost was granted, and the Roman Catholic capacity. At one place, where the Church was disestablished. Colpor- Methodist church is small, the Bishop teurs are now free to sell Bibles all spoke, upon invitation, in a large over the land, and Protestant evan- state church, which was crowded by gelistic campaigns can be conducted. an attentive congregation.

In Roman Catholic families, however, the Bible is practically unknown, and JEWS TURNING CHRISTWARD;- Catholic bookshops do not keep copies for sale except at prohibitive T HERE seems to be an unmistak- prices. able trend of the Jews away from The Young Men's and Young Wo- their ancient faith and toward Chris- men's Christian Associations are con- tianity. 'The tone of the Jewish press dt1cting work among the 2,000 stu- throughout the world shows the alarm 'dents of two universities, where there that is felt by Jewish editors, both in are some Protestants interested in the Europe and America. The repeated regeneration of their country. In the appeals and warnings that are sounded third university, with 1,400 students, out to the orthodox Jews are indica- there has been no Y. M. C. A. work. tive of the great crisis that has come Last year, Mr. Robert P. Wilder de- to the Jewish nation. The Jewish livered addresses in all three of the (Yiddish) Daily News published a universities, Coimbra, Lisbon, and long article on the subject of Chris- .Porto, and was courteously received tianity among the Jews. The caption by large audiences. Many of the of the article was striking: "Two students heard for the first time the Hundred and Four Thousand Bapclaims and power of the living Christ tized Jews in the Last Hundred presented in a way that they could un- Years. Mournful Figures Published derstand and that appealed to both by a Learned Jew at Wien." "The intellect and conscience. Learned Jew" referred to is Dr. Zai- son, of Vienna, Austria, who admitted RELIGIOUS AWAKENING' IN that 204,000 Jews left their ancient NORWAY faith and accepted Christianity in the I N the neutral countries of Europe, past hundred years. Of this vast as well as in those on which the number, 22,000 were in Germany, war cloud rests, there is a striking 28,000 in England, 44,000 in Australia, movement to)Vard religious interests. 84,000 in Russia, and 13,000 in Bishop Nuelsen, of the Methodist 'America.

EVENTS

June May 31st to June 4th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Los Angeles. 1St to 6th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Oklahoma City, Okla. 3d to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Denton, Texas. 3d, 4th-Inter-Church Activities Conference, Atlantic City, N. ]. 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 6th to 13th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Cal. 8th to 14th-'-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Duluth, Minn. 15th to 20th-China Inland Mission Jubilee Conf., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont. 16th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Meriam Park, St. Paul. 23d to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 24th to July Ist-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the martyrdom of Raymund Lull, 1315.

July 2d to 12th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., As,ilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education Moveme·nt Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Conference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to 17th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 14th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. 16th to 23d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conj., Estes Park, Colo. 18th to 25th-Missionary Conv. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 22d to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23d-The lOath anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, 1815. ,28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Conf., Mt. Gretna, Pa.

August 1st to ~d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. . 4th to Sth-Presbytcrian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C. 6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign – Missionary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y:

ONE OF THE BETTER TYPES OF MOSLEM HOMES IN NORTH AFRICA A MOSLEM SCHOOL FOR 1I0YS IN NORTH AFRICA

ARAB AT PRAYER IN THE DESERT OF NORTH

Islam In North Africa BY REV. EDWIN F. FREASE, D.D. Superintendent of the American l1ission in North Africa of the Methodist Episcopal Church HE Moslem problem is and arbitrary will from holines;;, goodness, kindness, mercy or ·love. IZT l~. to-day squarely before The fatherhood of God, is a concept the Christian church not only foreign but also repugnant '- demanding a definite to Moslem thought. Mohammed's ~ and speedy solution. In frequent designation of Allah as "the merciful, the compassionate," is order that we may hollow mockery. The Rev. Percy Smith, B.D., of Constantine, says: understand the situation it is essen- "The following orthodox tradition tial that we have a clear appreciation gives the character of Islam's God, and this idea domiliates and exercises of what Islam is and does. a powerful influence on all the re- ligion: 'When God resolved to The central doctrine of Moham- create the human race, He took into His hands a mass of earth, the same medanism is "the grand conception whence all mankind were to be formed, and in which they all after of one God." This has been of tre- a manner pre-existed; and having divided the clod into two equal pormendous power against idolatry and tions,' He threw the one half into hell, saying, These to eternal fire polytheism. But it is the Moslem and I care not; and projected the other half into heaven, saying, And conception of the nature of God that these to paradise and I care not.' 'J comprises its most serious and dan- gerous error. In its rigid conception of His unity, no place is found for the Trinity, that revealed truth neces- sary to the understanding of His per- sonality and the whole scheme of redemption.

The "Allah" of the Koran is an omnipotent, omnipresent despot, knowing no check to his sovereign

From this conception of God fol- physical and its torments fiendish. lows inevitably the fatalism of Islam. Two or three other citations may be "So often as their skins shall be added to show the general tenor. "There is no power or will but that well burned, we shall give them other of Allah." The Koran makes God say : "We have created for hell skins in exchange, that they may many of the ginns and men … The *** taste the sharper torment. fate of every man we have hung Let about his neck." Everything which has been or is or is to be, was, is or them taste scalding water, and corwill be because God has willed it. There is no escape. Apart from God ruption flowing from the bodies of "the rest is downright ine:-tia, and mere instrumentality, from the high- the damned, and divers other things est archangel down to the simplest atom of creation." (Palgrave.) of the same kind_" This dreadful fatalism enters into the very fiber of all Moslem thought The Moslem heaven is not only and conception; it hangs as a pall of moral asphyxiant over all Moslem grossly material, but sensual, where lands. every provision is made for the grati- "Fate" is thus the cause and the excuse of every thought, desire, fication of the physical desires and volition or act, however good or however bad. Freedom, with all lusts, without satIatlOn, forever. moral responsibility being thus excluded, the Moslem religion has, of There is not a glimmer of the New course, no adequate conception of sin, indeed no conception of sin is Testament idea, but the exact conhere possible. There is consequently no place for repentance, an atone- trary. ment, a Savior or an incarnation. The ultimate t~st of a religion, We need to glimpse another fatal error of Islam. It has no idea of however, is its results in the charthe genuinely spiritual. Its worship is pure form; fasting, prayers by acter and morals of its followers. rate, regardless of their meaning, almsgiving and pilgrimages. Even of The fundamental errors of Islam the future life it knows not that "flesh and blood can not inherit the which we have glimpsed have had kingdom of God," or that it is the guilty soul that will be unhappy or their inevitable fruitage. Like the suffer. The Moslem' hell,provided for those whom Allah himself has Allah he worships, and his prophet cr~atl!4 t9 l1e tormented there, is Mahommed, the character of the Moslem is despotic, tyrannical, cruel, heartless, treacherous and dishonest.

So recent have been the horrors com- mitted in the name and with the sanction of the Koranic teaching, that it is not necessary to give facts to substantiate most of this assertion.

But some parts of it may be covered.

"The Arabs have been called 'a na- tion of robbers.' Even Allah is de- ceived, and true to the teaching that a lie is no wrong in war, in trade or to a woman, the Moslem is an expert liar. N ever does he appear so innocent and unembarrassed as when lying, because never is he more natural." The Rev. J. C. Cook- sey, of Tunis writes: "One of the most harrowing things one discovers after sufficiently long residence here is that common faith is dead. Hence

15] ISLAM IN NORTH AFRICA 4I1

there are no Moslem banks here, common ground. The conflict is on, nor shipping, nor merchant com- and Evangelical Christendom must panies. Moslems rarely trust each meet it squarely and fully. other. They know each other too weI!." The Moslem Propaganda Mohammed not only made every Mohammedanism has occupied the provision in heaven for the sensual heart of the greatest land area of gratification of men, but he madE' earth in Asia, Africa and Europe, equal provision for them on earth. a canker in the heart of civilization. The awful treatment of women by Repulsed in Europe, it probably is Moslems in war, sanctioned by Mo- not making much progress in Asia hammed, is only too well known. I except in India, but its propaganda am assured that the recent revolt of in Africa is active and successful. the Moorish soldiery at Fez in Various considerations point to North Morocco was caused by the refusal Africa as the key to the Moslem of the French officers to permit this. situation. On the one hand, Cairo The Moslem may have only four is the center of modern Moslem eduwives at a time, it is true; but the cation, while the nerve centers and provision for divorce and the "bar- the heart of its modern missionary barous institution of servile concu- activities are in the fraternities of binage" opened the door to every Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria and Molicense. It is the word of sober rocco. It is the thrust of this militant truth that the moral rottenness of force of Islam southward that is so Islam can not be exaggerated. What rapidly making Moslems of the milthe doctors tell as to the prevalence lions of the great Sudan and further of venel ea1 diseases is terrifying. south, and that threatens soon, unless Childhood itself can not escape. It checked, to make all native Africa is scarcely possible for either boy or Moslem. girl to grow up pure. On the other hand, it is one of This state of moral decay is C0111- those striking indications of God's mon to all Moslem lands, being the purpose and power that nowhere else most accentuated where Islam has is Mohammedanism subjected to so had undisputed sway both in religion many and so powerful disintegrating and in government for a dozen cen- influences as it has recently met in turies. So it must continue to be, North Africa, especially in Algeria for Islam is not only itself, by its and Tunisia, and henceforth will very constitution incapable of change, meet in Morocco and Tripoli. but the possibility of real progress is denied to its followers. The political and military power of Islam is broken completely not It need scarcely be added that only along the Mediterranean sea, with the exception of the teaching but in the Sahara and in the Sudan that there is but one God, the other as well. The new French African essential doctrines of Islam, and its Empire stretching from the Medimoral conceptions and practises, are terranean to the Kongo is larger diametrically antagonistic to the re- than the United States, including ligion of Jesus Christ. There is no Alaska. Already over a million

THE KAIlYLE GIRLS' CLASS AT THE METHODI S T MI SS ION, EL MATl N , KA Il YLIA, A LGERIA Europeans are settled in Algeria and the Mediterranean by railways. Al- Tunisia. Thousands more will soon ready the rail heads of two lines arc be in Morocco and Tripoli. The projected well into the desert. From proud, intolerant, fierce Barbary Tripoli, too, it is said that a .line is pirate of but yesterday, holding tens to be pushed to the German Kongo. of thousands of European Christian The French plan to join their transslaves, is conquered, and to-day is Saharan lines with the Cape to Cairo being pushed aside and hustled by this system. The trunk lines of Africa tide of European colonization. Edu- appear to be destined to run north cation is along European lines; there and south, and, chimerical as it would are numerous journals; commerce, have seemed but yesterday, the Sudan agriculture, mining and manufactur- and central Africa is to be opened ing are rapidly developing; thousands up from across the Sahara. Under of miles of splendid roads and of the shock and attrition of these great railroads already thread this great civil, political, educational and comregion; there is religious liberty and mercial forces, Islam in this part of freedom of worship. It is the end Africa also appears to be doomed, of a continent in bewildering rapid altho the accomplishment may take transition. Under the grind of these many years. It can not endure forces Islam is rapidly and surely modern education ~nd progress. The disintegrating. editor of the great French anti-Chris- tian Revue de Monde Mussulman has Moreover, France is to link up already said, "Mohammedanism IS her trans-Saharan possessions with

IN NORTH

conquered.;' But, alas, to evangelize, appears to be now striking 111 North to Christianize these multitudes IS Africa! quite another matter. Christian Missions in North Africa However, as we have seen, the way is now open. In North Africa We can not here trace the intensely to-day is the opportunity for the interesting history of the early North Christian church to attack with an African Church, the missionary laadequate missionary force under ex- bors of Raymund Lull, or the great traordinarily favorable conditions the Roman Catholic campaign during the citadel of modern Moslem 'fanaticism last half of the last century led by and missionary power in its now un- the Cardinal Lavigerie. This very protected rear; to put Islam in North brief survey must be confined to the Africa on the defensive, to check and principal work of evangelical misfinally to arrest the wave of Moslem sionaries west of Egypt. conquest spreading unresisted southward, and thus assure the conquest The first Society in the field was of Africa for Christ. If ever the the British non-denominational North clock of God's providence struck, it Africa Mission, whose Council was organized in 1883. This mission has A TEACHER AND GIRL PUPILS IN TilE' UETHODIST MISSION, ALGIERS

now sixty missionaries at work in reinforcement of present work and seventeen centers in Morocco, Al- for advance into new centers to giers, Tunisia and Tripoli. The last meet providential opportunities. mission to enter the field was the Methodist Episcopal Church of the Medical work is carried on in one United States of America, which is form or another by most of the misthe only great Protestant Church sions, and is a valuable aid. Indusdoing missionary work in this great trial work is being done at a number region. It entered the field in 19o8 of centers. Itinerating for preachas a result of an interdenominational ing and Bible distribution is done principally in Kabylia. Literary work plea made to Bishop J. c. Hartzell principally in the modern Arabic is going forward. In the large cities during the Rome Convention of the the women mIssIonaries visit the World's Sunday School Association Moslem women and girls in their in 1907. A number of missionaries homes. Classes are also held for already on the field identified them- women, and evangelistic meetings for selves with this mission, others have men. But the most common and been sent out, and it now has twenty- successful work is that among the seven missionaries and three asso- boys and girls in Sunday-schools on ciate missionaries in Moslem work, Sunday, and week-day meetings and three in European work, and six classes during the week. native agents. It has stations at Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Tunis, How Islam blights, warps and and Fort National in Kabylia. deadens the moral and spiritual na- ture has been pointed out. The Besides these two largest missions process begins very early in life. there are a number of other in- Hence it is exceedingly important to dependent societies or missions at gather children into mission homes, work, with an aggregate of ninety- or hostels, at the earliest possible three missionaries. age, to remove them from these in- fluences and place them under Christ- The principal strategic centers oc- tian care and training. This method cupied are Algiers, the capital of is slow, and at first exp~nsive; but French North Africa, a growing city in the end it will result in a better of 200,000; Oran, the "Chicago" of basis for the Christian community. North Africa, 250 miles west of for the Christian home, and also for Algiers; Constantine, a growing in- a reliable, trained and efficient inland city 280 miles east of Algiers; digenous working force. Tunis, a city of 250,000; and, in Morocco, Fez, Tangiers and Marra- At Tangier an independent Amerikash. The region of Kabylia is also can missionary has such a hostel of occupied at several points, as well as about twenty-five boys. At Djemaa a number of other places in Morocco, Sahridj, the North Africa Mission Algeria and Tunisia. has a home for girls, tho there the girls are not so completely given Thus the principal strategic points over to the mission. The American along and near the Mediterranean Methodist Episcopal Mission has are occupied, but very inadequately, given special attention to this departand additional missionaries and equipment are urgently needed both for

THE RAW MATERIAL Certainly the favorable change with- in a year or so has been remarkable. Country Arab boy, now in American :rvIelhodisrt We do not believe that legitimate Mission, Boys' Hostel at Constantine, North Afrjca work directed wisely and keeping in view the peculiar position of the ment during the past two years. It French Government here, need now was thought by many of experience fear French official opposition, much that such work would 110t be possible. less menace. Yet the number of hostels has increased to six, three for girls and The unanimous testimony of mis three for boys. In these six hostels sionaries is to the effect that Moslem there are now thirty-five boys and intolerance has weakened considertwenty-seven girls. The difficulties ably in the past few years, and the have been many. At Tunis the hostel people, particularly the children, are for boys has been the storm center becoming rapidly more and more acfor two years, and the one for girls cessible. There are boundless opporas well. A Moslem gentleman said: tunities for Christian work among "We do not mind your attempting them. to convert adults, we are not afraid of that. But we do fear and will If the Church of God will but stand resist to our utmost your getting by the missionary force in North children thus into your hostels, for Africa by its prayers, and send us they will be lost to us." Considering the missionaries and equipment the circumstances these results are needed, we not only can, but we will, very remarkable, and of great prom- by God's grace, win North Africa ise for the future. for Him, and assure the conquest of Africa for Christ! In the past the attitude of the French authorities has been frankly A MOSLEM BOY unfavorable to Christian missions, often actively hostile. But old missionaries say there has been a gradual alteration in recent years.

OF RAYMUND LULL IN CHURCH OF SAN FRANCISCO, STATUE OF RAYMUND LULL AT PALMA

PALMA, MAJORCA From book by Funk & Wagnalls, "Raymund Lull" From book by Funk & Wagnalls, "Raymund Lull"

Lull-Missionary

Moslems HIS PREDECESSORS AND HIS MESSAGE BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT IO]N the thirtieth of June tical things. If we acknowledge that the Christian Church Lull possest these three divine gifts, in all its branches will we at once place him at the front as commemorate the glori- the true type of what a missionary to ous martyrdom of Ray- Moslems should be to-day.

mund Lull at Bugia. "This man," says Dr. George His vision of the Moslem world as Smith in his "Short History of Mis- a whole, even in his day, his faith sions," "was no careless Crusader to undertake work for Mohamme- cheered by martial glory or worldly dans, his grasp of the difficulties of pleasure. H.is was not even such a the problem, its intellectual character task as that which had called forth and its spiritual aspects, and above all the courage of the men who first all, his exceeding love for those from won over Goth and Frank, Saxon whom h~ had encountered only pride and Slav. Raymund Lull preached and hatred, gave him a unique place Christ to a people with whom apos- in the history of Christian Missions tasy is death, and who had made to Moslems. Christendom feel their prowess for Lull was raised up as if to prove centuries." Frederic Perry Noble in in one startling case what the Cru- his monumental work "The Redemp- sades might have become and might tion of Africa" does not go too far have done for the world had they when he characterizes Lull as the been fought with spiritual weapons "greatest of medieval missionaries, and in the spirit of Him whose last perhaps the grandest of all mission- words from the Cross were forgive- aries from Paul to Carey and Liv- ness and peace. Dr: Eugene Stock ingstone. His career suggests those declares: "There is no more heroic of Jonah the prophet, Paul the mis- figure in the history of Christendom sionary, and Stephen the martyr."

than that of Raymund Lull, the first It has only been in recent years, and perhaps the greatest missionary however, that this missionary hero to Mohammedans." Neander in his was rescued from oblivion. He was "Church History" does not hesitate not unknown in the annals of the to compare Lull with Anselm, whom Franciscans, nor to those who had he resembled in possessing the three- studied the history of Christian mis- fold talents uncommon among men sions in the Middle Ages, nor to and so seldom found in one char- students of Catalonian literature and acter: namely, a powerful intellect, medieval philosophy, to which Lull a loving heart, and efficiency in prac- made such a large contribution. AI-

most simultaneously three biographies the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was that of the Crusades. Authority of Lull in popular form appeared in religion was exprest by the sword and by the Inquisition. The Crufrom the press, one from the Roman sades taught the Saracen at once the strength and the weakness of me- Catholic standpoint, one by a Cam- dieval Christianity. Moslem philos- ophy was in the ascendant. While bridge scholar, and the other written the Western nations were too ignorin Arabia.' ant to know the value of the treas- With what joy and surprize was I able to trace the story of this life ures of antiquity, the Saracens pre- served them by translating the works in the sources available, and cordial of the Greeks into Arabic. Yet in Spain and in the Near East there letters were received from the Bishop was a constant conflict of the mind of well as of the sword, a crusade of Majorca, in which he encouraged for the truth as well as a conflict on the Protestant missionary in his at- the battlefield; and even as there were reformers before Luther and tempt to set forth the life of this two thousand years of missions behero of Palma. I was then in igno- fore Carey, so Lull had his prede- cessors. rance of the fact that Lull had had Three little books give us brief many predecessors as missionaries to introduction to the study of this sub- ject. The German author, Kel1er2 Moslems. Altho like Sirius in the gives an outline of what was done to combat Moslem error by the leaders dark vault of heaven, he stands out of the Church. Steinschneider, in a remarkable paper for the German like a star of the first magnitl1de in Oriental Society, gives a list of the polemic and apologetic literature in the Middle Ages, there were other the Arabic language, written by Mos- lems, Jews, and Christians during lights. From the very beginning of these early centuries. But most of all we are indebted to a Danish Islam, God did not leave Himself writer, Dr. C. H. Kalkar, who in 1884 published his interesting monowithout a witness, but the story of graph on the Missionary Activity of the Church among Mohammedans these seven centuries of inward from the earliest times until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. From stmggle between those who were these books we learn that there was nearly a score of men who, by tongue philosophically converted to Islam and pen and some of them by their from the Christian churches of the 2 "Geisteskampf des Christentums gegen den Islam bis zur Zeit der Kreuzziige." (Leipzig.) N ear East, and the faithful witness by tongue and pen of those who were not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, still remains to be written. It is true that the general missionary spirit of 1 "Raymund Lull: The Illuminated Doetor." By W. T. A. Barber. 'D.D. London. Charles H. Kelly. 1903. 2s. 6d. "Le Bienheureux Raymund LulIe." Par Marius Andre. Paris. Lecoffre. Second edition. 1900. "Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems." By S. M. Zwemer. New York. Funk & Wagnalls. 1902. 7S cents.

The first deals especially with Lull as a doctor of the schools as well as a martyr of the Church, and shows how he joined with Roger Bacon in a plea for the necessity of a complete scientific education for missionaries. The chronological summary is specially valuable. as is also the table of Lull's books. The second biography is from a Roman Catholic standpoint, and aPPeared in a collection of Lives of the Saints, published under the direction of M. Benri Joly. It contains considerable material not found in the other two biographies. The last·named biography portrays Lull as the first and greatest missionary to Moslems, and is illustrated. Translations have appeared in German (Wiesbaden: Sudan Pioneer Mission) J and in Arabic (Cairo: Nile Mission Press).

15] RAYMUND LULL-MISSIONARY TO

life-blood, testified to the truth of About the time of Raymund Lull, the Gospel among Moslems. Richard of Montecroix, also called Florentinus, prepared a number of There is no doubt that Islamic books to convince the Saracens of literature itself affords examples of the truth of the Christian faith. One such witnesses for the truth. In the of them, a refutation of the errors earliest extant biography of Moham- in the Koran, was translated by med the prophet, we learn that one Martin Luther at Wittenberg in I 540. Obeid Allah bin J ahsh, who took Hildebert, the Archbishop of Tours, refuge in Abyssinia from Mecca (II84) wrote his poem attacking after his conversion to Islam, there Islam and Mohammed, and in the became a Christian. He wrote a same spirit Raimundus Martini preletter to Mohammed and his com- pared his "Pugio fidei contre J udaeos panions calling them to the true faith et Mauros." and stating : "We now see clearly while you are still blinking in the But the Christian world of the dark." John of Damascus (754) is thirteenth century neither understood well known in church history for his nor loved the Moslems. Gross ig· polemic writings against the Saracens. norance and great hatred were joined Theodorus Abucara, a bishop in in nearly all who made any attempt Mesopotamia, was also active in pre- to describe Mohammedanism. Petrus paring literature of this character. Venerabilis (II 56) showed a differ- ent spirit. He was the first to trans- No other country in Europe was late the Koran into Latin and to in such close touch with Islam for study Islam with sympathy and good and for ill as the kingdoms of scholarship. He even made a plea Castile, Navarre, and Aragon in for translating portions of the Scrip- Spain, where there were a number ture into the language of the Sarawho were valiant for the truth; cens, and affirmed that the Koran among them Eulogius Alvarus, Per·· itself had weapons with which to fectus of Cordova (850), and especi- attack the citadel of Islam; but, ally Bernardus de Carbo, the first alas! he added the plea of the scholar martyr of the Franciscan brother- at his books: "I myself have no hood, Daniel de Belvederio, and John time to enter into the conflict." Alof Perosa, and his brother Peter. At tho he says that we are to approach the court of the caliph El Mamun in the Moslems "not with arms but Bagdad, Abdul Messiah ibn Ishaq with words; not by force but by el Kindi wrote his celebrated apolo- reason; not in hatred but in love," getic for the Christian faith, in the he himself did not go out to them.. ninth century, which has been translated during the modern missionary It was reserved for the Spanish era into a number of languages, as knight of Palma to take up the chalwell as revised and reprinted in its lenge and go out single-handed. It original Arabic. At Constantinople, was Raymund Lull who saw clearly in I 1I8, Euthymius Zigabenus busied what others had seen dimly, and who himself in writing pamphlets on the put into life· what others had only Moslem controversy and even pre- wished and hoped for. They shed pared a catechism for Mohammedans. ink; he shed his blood. "I see

THE: :M:t5SIONARY Rl:<:VIl:<:W OF T1tl:<: WORLD

many knights going to the Holy Land for the sake of promoting the com- beyond the seas and thinking that mon good and diffusing abroad the they can acquire it by force of anTIS; holy faith. I learned Arabic. I have but in the end all are destroyed be- several times gone abroad to preach fore they attain that which they the Gospel to the Saracens. I have think to have. Whence it seems to for the sake of the faith been cast me that the conquest of the Holy into prison and scourged. I have Land ought not to be attempted labored forty-five years to gain over except in the way in which Thou and the shepherds of the church and the Thine apostles acquired it, namely, princes of Europe to the common by love and prayers, and the pouring good of Christendom. Now I am out of tears and of blood." old and poor, but stiII I am intent Raymund Lull was born at Palma on the same object. I will persevere on the island of Majorca in 1235. in it till death, if the Lord permits His early life was spent in gaiety it."

and often profligacy at the court of It is not necessary here to enter King James II. of Aragon. At the into the details of his missionary age of thirty-two he saw the vision journeys, of his visits and appeals of the dying Savior and resolved to to the popes, of his controversies at devote himself entirely to Christ's Montpellier and Paris, lecturing service. Henceforth he had only one against Averroism, which held that passion. Because he was forgiven things might be true in faith that so much, he loved the more, and were false in philosophy. All this conduded that he would forsake the may be gleaned from the biographies world and give up all. Nine years mentioned. For one who lived in were' spent in retirement in a cell the Middle Ages when communica- at Mount Randa in study and in tions were difficult and dangerous, preparation for the great life task to he was a great traveler. We find which he feIt divinely called. him now at Rome, then at Genoa, This life work was threefold. He Naples, Paris, Montpellier; he took desired to devise a philosophical missionary journeys to Cyprus, Ar- system to persuade non-Christians of menia, North Africa, and some say the truth of Christianity; he wished as far as London (1305).

to establish missionary colleges for His first missionary visit to Bugia the teaching of Oriental languages in Africa was in 1306, when he was and the training of men for the seventy-one years of age. On his Moslem controversy; and most of all return he was shipwrecked at Pisa, he was filled with a passion to go but, undiscouraged, he traveled on to forth himself and preach to the MontpeIlier, to Genoa, to Avignon ; Saracens, hoping to seal his testi- spent two years in Paris, and in 131 I mony with martyrdom. Lull him- attended the Council of Vienne, self, when about sixty years old, where he secured the statute for the reviews his life in these words: founding of schools to teach mission- "I had a wife and ch'ildren; I was ary languages. In 1314 he left tolerably rich; I led a secular life. Majorca on his last missionary jour- All these things I cheerfully resigned ney, and was martyred at Bugia,

LULL-MISSIONARY TO MOSLEMS

June 30, 1315. It was at Pisa after of learning and in the writirig of his shipwreck that the man of many' books.4 Such, however, was seventy, who had risked the wrath not Lu11's wish. His ambition was of the Moslems and had faced the to die as a martyr. For ten months foul discomforts of a Moorish he dwelt in hiding, talking and pray- prison for half a year, and had just ing with his converts at Bugia, his completed the publication of his Ars one weapon the argument of God's generalis, in its final form, suc- love in Christ. At length, weary of cumbed to the temptation of his seclusion, he came forth into the times and for oncc only learned upon open market and presented himse1 f the arm of the flesh and proposed to to the people as the same man whom use secular weapons for winning the they had once expelled from their Moslem world. It is true that in town. It was Elijah showing him- this proposal he included the mis- self to' a mob of Ahabs! Lull stood sionary idea, the institution of mon- before them and threatened them asteries for studying languages, and with divine wrath if they still per- the sending out of eloquent preach- sisted in their errors. He pleaded ers, but he also advocated a new with love, but spoke plainly the order of knights who should fight whole truth. The populace filled relentless war against the Saracens. with fury at his boldness, and unable He even planned the partition .of the to reply to his arguments, seized him Saracen Empire among the states of and dragged him out of the town; Europe, and proposed that a tenth there by the command, or at least of the revenues of all the churches with the connivance, of the king, he should be devoted to this end: The was stoned. enthusiastic citizens of Pisa, as well Raymund Lull was above all things as the noble ladies of Genoa, favored a missIOnary statesman. He anhis plan and came forward with ticipated great missionary movements large gifts for the recovery of the and methods. In bis ideals of mis- Holy Land, but his project failed. sionary training, both as regards At the Council of Vienne, however, language and comparative religion, Lull rejoiced to see one portion of he was centuries ahead of his time. the labors of his' life brought to As early as 1276 he set up a school fruition. The battle for instruction for the study of Arabic at Miramar. in Oriental languages in the univer- In his plea for university training on sities of Europe had been won. He the part 6f missionary candidates his was then seventy-nine years of age. words are stilI a living message: and the last years of his life told "Conscience stings me, and comheavily even on the strong body pels me to come to you, whose disand zealous spirit. His pupils and cretion and wisdom is supremely friends desired that he should end concerned to bring about a mighty his days in the peaceful pursuit remedy-pious, meritorious, a serv- 3 An interesting account of this curious project 'He wrote in Catalan, Latin, Arabic, on almost appears in a book entitled "Cent Proje!. de Partage every subj eel. One of his biograpbers states that la Turquie." (1281-1913.) By T. G. Djuvara. 648 his works numbered 4,000. Two hundred and pp. Paris. 1914. eighty-two were catalogued by Salzinger, of Mantz in 1721.

ice pleasing to God and useful to truths of the Gospel. He attacked the whole world. I mean that here Islam with the weapons of Christian in Paris, where the spring of Divine philosophy, and in his lifelong conknowledge gushes forth, and where flict with this gigantic heresy Lull the light of the Truth shines forth 011 proved himself the Athanasius of Christian peoples, there should be the thirteenth century. He was confounded a faculty for Arabic, Tartar, vinced that truth was supreme and and Greek studies. Thus we may be that truth would conquer; that the able to learn the languages of the strength of Islam was its pride and adversaries of God; and that our ignorance, and this could only be learned men, by preaching to them overcome by the humility of love and and teaching them, may by the sword by education. of the truth overcome their falsehoods and restore to God a people We can best close this sketch of as an acceptable offering, and may Lull's life and give his message to convert our foes and His to friends." our times in his own words. His writings are so voluminous, so full He also inaugurated what might of brilliant thoughts and fervent well be called a missionary educa- aspirations that it is difficnlt to make tional movement for the common a wise choice. Everywhere we find people. He was one of the first to glorious watchwords for the new use the colloquial for literary effort spiritual crusade against Islam in the rather than Latin. Some one has twentieth century. How up-to-date called him the Moody of the Middle is this prayer! Ages. In Catalan he prepared for his fellow believers collections of "Lord of heaven, Father of all hymns, a poem on the hundred names times, when Thou didst send Thy of God (probably arranged in imi- Son to take upon Him human nature, tation of the Moslem rosary), a book He and His apostles lived in outof the miracles of heaven and earth, ward peace with Jews, Pharisees, and and most important of all, his famous other men; for never by outward religious romance, "Blanquerna," violence did they capture or slay which constantly reminds us by an- any of the unbelievers, or of those ticipation of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's who persecnted them. Of this out- Progress." ward peace they availed themselves to bring the erring to the knowledge In the third place he might truly of the truth and to a communion of be called the originator of the lay- spirit with themselves. And so after men's missionary movement during Thy example should ChrisDians COI1the Middle Ages. He did not belong duct themselves toward Moslems,· to the religious orders. He was not but since that ardor of devotion trained in their schools; he did not which glowed in apostles and holy follow their methods. Bis whole men of old no longer aspires us, love spirit was one of independence and and devotion through almost all the even of criticism. The story of his world have grown cold, and therelife is the story of a noble struggle fore do Christians expend their against ecclesiasticism, a struggle for efforts far more in the outward thalt freedom and for the fundamental in the spiritual conflict."

1 51 RAYMUND LULL-MISSIONARY TO

In speaking of private morals Lull the world in quest of Thee, if when says: "The most general vice is they have come back from their pilacce·dia. not doing what might be grimage they return again to sin and done, not living up to one's oppor- folly." tunities." His passion for the truth was supreme. "Let Christians," he "He who would find Thee, 0 Lord, says, "consumed with a burning love let him go forth to seek Thee in for the cause of faith, but consider love, loyalty, devotion, faith, hope, that since nothing has power to with- justice, mercy, and truth; for in stand the truth, which by the strength every place where these are, there of arguments is mighty over all art Thou." things, they can, with God's help and by His might, bring back the infidels "The image of the crucified Christ to the way of faith; so that the is found much rather in men who precious name of the Lord Jesus, imitate Him in their daily walk than which is in 1110st regions of the in the crucifix made of wood." world still unknown to the majority of men, may be proclaimed and "He who loves not, lives not. He adored; and this way of converting who lives by the life can not die." infidels is easier than all others. For to the infidels it seems a difficult and "He who bestows on his friend his dangerous thing to abandon their love, gives more than treasures of own belief for the sake of another; gold." "He who gives God can give hut it will be impossible for them nothing more." not to abandon, for the sake of that which is true and necessary, the "The spirit longs after nothing as faith which is proved to them to be it does after God. No gold is worth false and self-contradictory." so much as a sigh of holy longing."

What a life of joy he lived! But he was also a true ascetic, and "Honor and reverence be to Thee, 0 in his eighty-first year his prayer for Lord God, who hast given so great the crown of martyrdom was glorigrace to Thy servant that his heart ously fulfilled. Who follows in his swims in .rejoicing and gladness as a train? fish swims in the sea; and because delight and gladness come to him, 0 "If it were pleasing to Thee that Lord, when he considers that Thou Thy servant should go through the art in existence. squares and streets and villages and towns proclaiming Thy truth and the "0 King of kings, lofty and noble falsity of the unjust, and should Lord, when I think of eternal life have no fear of hunger or thirst, nor and consider it, then, 0 Lord, am I of death, then would he know himfull and covered with joy within and self to be remembered in the pity of without, and am as full of joy as his God." the sea is of water." "Oh, long-suffering and pitiful He was a true mystic. "How little Lord! many a time have I trembled with fear and cold. When will the profits it the pilgrims to roam thrQugh day and hour come when my body will tremble for the great warmth of love and ardent longing, and delight in dying for its Creator and Savior."

MALAY WOMEN-YOUTH AND MIDDLE-AGE

MALAYSIA, SHOWING MISSION STATIONS

A Day of Opportunity in Malaysia BY CHAS. E. G. TISDALL, SINGAPORE, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS IlZ~~~~1 HERE is, perhaps, no pelago; the Society for the Propa-' Moslem field in the gation of the Gospel Missions in the world to-day that of- Straits Settlements, Fed!'!rated Malay fers greater opportu- Straits, and Borneo; the Brethr~n's nities for winning Mo· Mission; the English Presbyterian hammedans to Christ Mission, and the Seventh Day Ad- ventists. than are found in Malaysia. At the same time, be it said to the .shame "Surely, having all these," an outof Christendom, there are no Mos- sieler might say, "there is no need to lem people for whom less is being start another," but the fact ;:;;. tb.3~ all done than for 'the Malays. It is true of these missions, with the single exthat there are large missions 111 ception of the Society for the Propa- Malaysia. Among these are the gation of the Gospel Medical Mission Rhenish Mission in North Sumatra for Malay women at Malacca, devote and Southeast Borneo; the Methodist their energies almost entirely to work Episcopal Mission of America, with among the Chinese, Indians, Battaks, its huge Anglo-ChInese schools for and Dyaks, and leave: the Malays both boys and girls in Singapore, alone. The Arabian Mission, with 'a Malacca, Penang, Ipoh, and many few devoted workers who could be branches in Java, Sumatra, Borneo, counted on the fingers of one hand, and other large islands of the archi- with a difficult language to learn,

A MALAY HOUSE IN SUMATRA tried for vears t~ gain a footing :Iec1ical Mission, and tlw colporteurs among a bigoted, fanatical people, of the British and Foreign Bible Sowho knew their own religion well , ciety. and hac! all the stock arguments against Christianity at their fingers' Turn to Dorneo and, with the exends. But this little band of faithful ception of the Rhenish Mission in Christians, who worked for years in the south, not one Christian missionrented houses, wi th~u t churches, hos- ary is working among the Malays. pitals, or schools of their own, have The islands in the Riau Straits, and now, after t~venty-five years, a strong almost the whole of the huge island 1111SSIOn with many workers, fine of Sumatra, are in the same neglectbuildings for churches, hospitals, and ed condition. Year after year passes, schools. ""hat hath God wrought ?" and yet no missionary of Christ is But while praising Him for I-lis g reat sent to these millions of a 1110st lovwork there, why not pray that the able race for whom Christ died. same thing may be repeated among the Malays. A re there no more men N ow is the day of opportunity, for and womcn of like spirit who will the Malays know little or nothing of come forward and do for a :Ialay :fohammedanis111, .and are, theremission what. under God, Samuel fore, not fanatical or bigolecl. They Zwemer and his associates have clonc are ready to listen to the Gospel ill Arabia? message, and with a strong mission, might be won for Christ in a few I n the ll alay I'cninsula alonc .'ears time. This state of things is there are more than I,ooo,OOO ::IaJays, not likely to last long, for their conamong whom there is not one Chris- version will SOOI1 become as difficult tian missionary, with the exception a problem as it is with other Mosof two or three bdies at the :lalacca lems. Vhat is making this change? For one thing~ the I I ,000 pilgrims

5] A D''Y OF OPPORTUNITY IN

SOME MALAY AND TAMIL BOYS IN ,fALY"L A hot lunch for a cent whel-eve." you are who go annually from this part of the beginning to come to Malaysia, men world to Mecca, return as mission- well able to teach and preach Islam, aries of pan-Islamisll1 to prejudice and unlike the ignorant Arab priests all whom they meet against everything from who111 the Malays have learned Christian. Malay newspapers print, in the past. Only recently I met an week by week, from the Egyptian Indian engineer who has gone to journals, translations of articles well work on the east coast of the llalay calculated to arouse the natives' ani- Peninsula-a man who will do an mosity against everything Christian immense amount of harm in places and everything British as well. where there is not one Christian mis- Hatred toward {ill non-Mohamme- sionary to Chinese, Indians, or Madans, as an Islamic virtue, is being lays. Vhy is it that a Moslem, gradually instilled into the Malays. working for his living as a merchant and in a few years they will not be or as a professional man, is a k!=en as accessible as to-day. llllsslonary, whereas Europeans in like positions often do more harm Educated men from India are also

than good to the cause of Christ? mens are under instruction for bap- An American Methodist, in charge tism."

of a mission school at Medan, Su- The wonderful increase in the matra, writes: "Scattered through sales of Scriptures by the cr>lporthis vast region are multitudes who teurs of the British and Foreign Bible have never peard of Christ, but who Society among. the Moslem Malays are rapidly learning the faIth of Mo- shows how ready these people are to hammed. At tbis rate, M~hamme­ receive Christian teaching. danism will soon be the religion of Sumatra. It is now a race between Language Copies the Cross and the Crescent, and the one which gets to the ears and hearts 19II 1912 1913 of the people first will be the ruling 17,230 faith. What will the Christian Malay (Arabic) 10,70 9 13,500 15,930 churches at home do about the mat- Malay (Roman) IO,OIl II,223 40 ,947 ter ?" Javanese ……. 14,155 26,499 But can the Malays be converted to Christianity? Let me quote from For about twenty-five years, the the letter of an English lady mis- seed has been faithfully sown all sionary, who writes: "In Java, in over the field by the agents and na- 1906, there were 18,000 converts from tive colporteurs, who are the only Islam to Christianity, and from 300 Christians that many thousands of to 400 are added to this number an- the Malays ever see. Missionaries nually. In Sumatra, the work car- ought to be sent out to water the ried on has been mainly among the seed and to reap the harvest. Batak tribe's, which have not yet been won over to Mohammedanism, Are there not stewards of God's yet even here 6,500 converts have wealth in England or America who been gathered from among the Mos- will help some mission begin and lems themselves, and 1,150 catechu- carryon a work among the Malays at once? This is a wonderful op- portunity, which must, before long, pass away.

THE FORCES MAKING FOR' UNION ON THE FIELDS The reason why church union is progressing more rapidly on the foreign field than at home, is because of the heavier burden borne by Christian workers in non- Christian lands. The work there is vaster, the problems are more urgent and discomfiting, the foes to be met and vanquished are more numerous and formidable, the result being that the representatives of different communions are forced into cooperative enterprises and forms of fellowship from which they would have shrunk in a Christian land. The non-Christian vineyard is so vast and the laborers are so few, that instinctively men draw together in spite of the barriers which logically ought to keep them apart. The power of arduous work for God to knit together separated hearts is nowhere so magnificently exhibited as in the foreign field, and they are, no doubt, true prophets who declare that it is the foreign missionary who is to teach the churches at home the blessedness and power of a united church.

-REV. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON, D.D.

MEMBERS OF THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE SHOWING THEIR

With Christ Among British Troops CHRISTIAN EFFORT AMONG THE MEN ON THE BATTLEFIELD AND IN TRAINING FOR THE WAR OF THE NATIONS BY J. KENNEDY MACLEAN, LONDON, ENGLAND ( gI T was a strange world response. Dormant qualities burst in- ~ upon which Great Brit- to life in a moment, and men who one . ain looked out on the day were content to drag out a com- morning of August 5, monplace existence at the desk, or ~ 19I4, for the dark cloud the counter, found themselves on the of war, which for sev- next marching to the camp and the eral days had been hanging over the training-ground with a new light in' nation, had burst as the midnight hour their eye and a new purpose in their tolled out in the silence, and the coun- heart. try was actually at war with Germany. Only for an hour or two were there As if a magician's wand had workany signs of panic; then, shaking off ed a series of miracles, military camps its nervousness, the nation settled suddenly and mysteriously came into down to prepare itself in earnest for being all over the land, and as fast the grim struggle. The call for men as men joined the colors they were was sounded, and the nation's man- drafted off to some training-ground, hood sprang up in ready and eager there to begin that steady and serious preparation for the battlefields of the

Continent which seems destined to movement, clothed with the garments prove such an important factor in the of service and of power. shaping of national destinies for gen- erations to come. To-day, after eight or nine months of war, the Y. M. C. A. is doing its When the first excitement had given useful and valuable work in practically pl;ace to a calmer view of things, it every training'-camp in the country; was obvious that the coming together at the great military bases on the Con- of such vast numbers of men created tinent it is ministering to the needs, problems from the standpoint of re- physical and spiritnal, of the country's ligion that must be handled without fighting forces; its buildings and work- a moment's delay. Vithin a week ers are with the troops on the burning or two hundreds of thousands of men sands of Egypt under the shadow of were under canvas, and it was imper- the eternal Pyramids, and in India ative that their spiritual interests also it is in step with the men who should receive adequate attention; are taking their share in the defense With splendid patriotism and states- of the Empire. Altogether, over 700 manship the Young Men's Christian centers have been established. In the Association led the way in rising to summer and autumn months canvas meet the need of the hour. ' tents flew the Association's banner, but as the colder weather came on For some years past, the Associa- buildings of a more solid and substan- tion had accompanied the Territor- tial character became necessary, and ials (the British voluntary citizen these were er~ctecl to supersede the Army) when they went into camp for tents. To build and equip these "huts," their annual training, and thus had as they are called-in Scotland they firmly established itself with the mili- go by the name of "institute"~the tary authorities as a social and spirit- public have subscribed over $r,500,000. ual force of high value. But it was Some of the huts have cost as much as a much larger undertaking to dot the $4,000, but a fairly good type of build- country with tents flying' the flag of ing has been built for $r,50o. Where the Y. M. C. A. in every military camp. the troops are billeted in towns the Had it not been for the faith and the Y. M. C. A. rents some existing buildcourage of several leaders of the move- ing suitable for the purpose. In some ment, this ideal would never have places the strangest buildings have passed beyond the region of dreams. been prest into service. I have seen .The scheme was without precedent. old cowsheds transformed in a few It was beyond the reach of the move- hours into comfortable recreation- ment. The money to make it pos- rooms; in stables, horses have given sible would never be obtained, in view place to men; laundries, hop-oasts, of the tightening of finance because barns, factories, and breweries are at of the war. These arguments had to this hour giving welcome shelter to be answered by the more daring spirits thousands of troops who, with comgifted with the imagination that trans- mendable good nature and adaptabillates impossibilities into actualities. ity, are making the best of their cir- Vell was it that the forward policy cumstances and smiling in the midst carried the day, for in launching that of their quaint experiences. policy the Y. M. C. A. started a new

CHRIST AMONG BRITISH TROOPS 43

All ranks and classes have contrib- partments, and so deep is the conl1l1ted. K ot only have the titled classes dence reposed in its work. corne forward with financial assistance but many of them are rendering A little while ago, I stood under the personal service both in the homeland stars on Salisbury Plain. Tiny spots and on the ·Continent. The King and of light here and there indicated the Queen have taken a keen personal in- huts in which the troops ullder trainterest in the work, and have 011 sever- ing were sheltere(1 for the night; al occasions visited and inspected the ghostly flgures passed llS in the darkhuts. The military authorities put ness; a sense of loneliness, of desoevery facility in the way of the lation, seemed to hang over the place, and it was only relieved when we 1 SCENE IN A TYPICAL Y. M. C. A. TENT Association, and altho I am not turned to the center in charge of the at liberty to state the amount, there Y . M. C. A., full of soldiers, well- is no objection to my saying that lighted, and admirably equipped for the War Office has paid over several the convenience of the men under large sums to assist the building arms. In that haven from the cold- and maintenance of the vanous ness and the blackness of the night . centers. Nothing has been more the best influences were at work, and remarkable than the confidence re- the men 011 whose behalf the work posed in the Association by the was done realized that they were sur- Government and its officials. It rounded by friends who cared for seems as if the Y. M. C. A. had become their bodies and souls. I wondered an arm 0 f the service, so close is its what the men would do if no such connection with the Government de- place existed, and I have tried to

imagine the same thing at other times drew aI!, and the condition of the when visiting various parts of the weather on the Continent prevented country, and seeing the same com- any great movement on the part of forting and healing forces in- opera- either the aIIied forces or the enemy, tion. Without the ministry of the the way opened up for similar effort Y. M. C. A., the troops would most in France. Recognizing the value of certainly have lost'in efficiency, and the work, the military authorities thus the movement has been render- gave permission for the erection of ing-and still is rendering-a national large wooden buildings at the imservice of the highest value. This is portant military bases on the Connot by any means my own opinion tinent, and at these the Y. M. C. A. only; it is the view of all who are has been established since before acquainted with the facts of the case. Christmas, with the happiest results. In Egypt, also, the Association is The buildings erected by the Y. M. represented by tents and workers. C. A. are at the service of all the soldiers for reading and recreation pur- The spiritual side of the work is poses, and also for the sale of tea, in steady progress all the time-more coffee, buns, chocolates, and cigarets. enthusiastically in some places than Most of the workers are rendering in others, but in them all with a most voluntary service, and in their ranks praiseworthy earnestness and devoare to be found clergymen and minis- tion. Every night, after the "singters, professional and business men, song," or concert, family worship is as well as many ladies who come for observed, while evangelistic meetings certain hours of the day and render are frequently held, and every Sunwhatever help they can. In addition, day the religious exercises are, of the Association sells stamps to the course, on a larger scale. A decided men, posts and collects their letters, impetus to definite soul-winning work provides them with writing-paper and has been imparted by the methods of envelops free of charge, takes care of the Pocket Testament League, about their money for them, attends to which I shall have something to say their laundry, and in many other presently. ways looks after their interests. In one place I found a college profes- Other societies and organizations sor, who had obtained leave of ab- have followed the splendid lead of sence for a year, working his hardest the Y. M. C. A., and are helping to to help the men under arms, and in make the lot of the troops in trainother centers titled people have taken ing as happy and comfortable as postheir places bebind the counter and sible. The Soldiers' Christian Assobecome the willing servants of the ciation exists for the purpose of men in khaki. laboring among the soldiers at home and abroad, with the view of win- For the first few months of the ning them to Christ, and it has bewar the good services of the Y. M. hind it a record of admirable ser- C. A. were strictly limited to the vice. But since the war brOKe out, . homeland, and that was enough to its activities have been quickened and tax all the resources of the move- extended to different camps throughment; but when the winter months out the country: Both the Salvation

CHRIST AMONG BRITISH TROOPS

Army and the Church Army are ing a useful part in the healing of the marching in step with the army, on wounded warriors. foreign service as well as at home. The Salvation Army's long arm of The Open-Air Mission is ~nother usefulness among the King's forces society which is doing much to circles the world- in South Africa, brighten the lot of the soldiers in the Australia, New Zealand, Canada, In- camps, and is also conducting a helpdia, Egypt, and in scores of centers ful ministry among the German prisin the homeland. Officers and mem- oners in England. One of this so- ciety's bUIldings near a great military .SALVATION ARMY MOTOR AMBULANCES AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE BRITISH ARMY bers of the Salvation Army also camp has been appropriately named raised subscriptions among them- the "Welcome," which is proving not selves and sent a dozen beautifully only a place where many a man is equipped motor-ambulances to the finding the Savior, but is also a meet- Continent for the transference of the ing-place for many who are Chriswounded soldiers to and from the tians. There they find their own hospitals. The Church Army, too, company. Mr. Frank Cockrem, the has rendered valuable help among secretary of the society, says that it the troops preparing for the front, is a common sight to see a group of and in the north of France there is. a the<;hristiall.l11~ in. one corner. of Church Army hospital which is play- the hall gathered round. the Word .of

God-no undue noise, no song-sing- The Pocket Testament League, ing, the men acting just as they would which has been introduced to our act at home. Gospel services are held fighting forces, is perhaps the most every evening, and almost every day perfect soul-winning instrument in men are coming out on the Lord's existence. The League has distrib- side. Then they return to their huts uted hundreds of thousands of Tes- to witness for H il1l. One young sol- taments since the war started. Every dier who had accepted the Savipr recipient first promises to carry the went to his hut and began to tell his Testament always with him and to comrades about it. Then he knelt read at least one chapter each day.

down beside his bed to pray. When That is the starting-point. The goal he got up from ,his knees, one of the is decision for Christ. In the League men said, "Why don't you let us Testament there is a form of mem- hear you pray?" "Very well," he re- bership which' is signed by the per- plied; "if you kneel down, I will." son accepting the .little book. The The men did as requested, and then, way of life, also, is clearly explained, as he knelt in their midst, the young and another form invites signature convert, in broken language mingled when the will and heart have been with sobs, poured out his heart to yielded to God.

God. Conversions have been numer- See how the various steps may lead ous, and it invariably happens that up to the definite decision. Give a when once a man takes his stand on Testament to some one on the un- the side of Christ he goes to work to derstanding that he will join the win his companions. ' Among the League, and when he signs his name wounded German prisoners the rep- to this effect, you have found an resentatives of the Open-Air Mission opening for personal dealing. You also distribute Gospels printed in Ger,- point him to the way of life so simply man, and these are received with explained in the book, and when the much gratitude. great decision has been made, ask The Scripture Gift Mission and the him to register it on the page set Pocket Testament League are two apart for that purpose.

other agencies that are spreading the Some months ago I was present 'Vord of God among the soldiers, and' at the inauguration of the movement are ,reaping wonderful fruit. The among the soldiers. Mr. Charles M.

former publishes the New Testament Alexander, the famous leader of gos- in many languages, and since the war peJ-song, moved by the great need of began has been sending its little definite work among the troops, spent books to Russia, Austria, and other a few days in visiting the camps on countries, while at the same time the broad expanses of Salisbury widely distributing them among the Plain, and the fire which he then sailors and soldiers of Great Britain. kindled spread rapidly to other The Testaments given to the soldiers places. In a few weeks over IO,OOO contain a special message from the soldiers joined the League, and more late Lord Roberts, while the book for than 3,000 of these definitely accept- the navy has a message written by ed Christ. That was only a begin- Admiral J ellicoe. ning. To-day the League and its

soul-winning methods have been Christian leader' who commands the adopted not only in Y. M. C. A. and respect of all classes . Since then he other camps, but by many Christian has been visiting the Scottish camps, workers, who have realized their accompanied by one or two earnest value from personal experience. The friends, and a few days ago he wrote movement is making its influence felt to say that in the period named more over a wide area. Multitudes of than I2,000 soldiers have joined the other workers are using the little Tes- League, ami more than 7.000 have detament and follow the methods of the clared their willingness to make the Lc:ague. ill Egypt, in France, and in great decision. That is a record for A CAMP NEAR T HE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT, WHEJ{E Yo Jool. C. A. :lEETINGS ARE HELD other countries, and the story which which every Christian heart will most they all tell is the same-that God is sincerely thank God . The work is using His own Word in a wonderful still spreading in all directions. way to bring men to ,the place of full and complete surrender. What the country will be like after the war none can tell, and it would The success of the League's opera- be idle to attempt a prophecy. But tions is not confined to one place or this much is certain, that many to one country. Given a fair trial, branches of the Church of Christ the movement works well everywhere. have risen nobly to their present op- Just two months ago, Mr. George T. portunities, and what they have been B. Davis, the international secretary able to do in the Master's name durof the League, left London for Scot- ing a period of unprecedented stress land, on the urgent invitation of Sir amI anxiety will be long and lov- Joseph P. Maclay, one of the mer- ingly remembered by those in whose chant princes of Glasgow, and a interests t~ey have toiled.

Highest Form of

BY W. E. DOUGHTY, NEW YORK Educational Secretary. Laymen's Missionary Movement ( gT BE deepest need of the the calls for vicariou~ness that genuine Church is for a fresh prayer implies.

, discovery of God. If . . the Church is to break Three Forms of Prayer ~ up and overcome the A simple classification, and suf- .. " inertia and unbelief at ficient for practical purposes, is that there are thre~ kinds of prayer, comhome, and if she is to win back the lost fronJiers and capture the uncon- munion, petition and intercession.

quered citadels in the non-christian As S. D. Gordon says, "Communion world, she must have a deeper, fuller, and petition store the life with the freer, richer life in Christ.. power of God; .intercession lets it out Bow then are men to unlock the on behalf of others.': treasures of the heavenly world? The Many limit prayer to communion answer is threefold. with God. To some prayer is a brood- First, there must be a new return ing, a dream, a reverie and nothing to the fountains of unsullied truth more. We agree with Tennyson that in the Bible. Jesus Christ never be- "Solitude is the mother country of the comes or remains real to men who strong," but that is not all that real cease the study of the Book. One of prayer implies. There is much about the tragic facts about the life of our God that can never be learned or day is that many men have lost the experienced except as men join Him Bible out of their lives. The first in the spiritual conflict with evil which great recovery is a recovery of the intercession implies.

Word of God. Often it is said thhiagthessutbmatitsistiuodn~. acquiescence, is the Second, men must be led to see that the missionary enterprise should be a of the soul. If submission means personal objective and ministry to obedience to the will of God this must every disciple of Jesus Christ. The always be the position taken by right- world will never be evangelized by eous men. All true prayer must of 'preaching from the pulpit alone. It necessity revolve around the will of will be evangelized by the living God. A genuine intercessor must al- testimony of men in the trades and ways be able to say: professions, in the market-places and highways. "Not Thy gifts I seek, 0 Lord; Not Thy gifts but Thee. Third, there must be a rediscovery What were all Thy boundless store Without Thyself, what less or more? of the place and power of prayer in Not Thy gifts, but Thee."

the spread of Christianity with all the unwithholding consecration, with all Feb~uary, • An address delivered at the Southern Presbyterian Laymen's Conventions at CharIott N e d Dallas, Texas, 1915. e, .., an This is, however, far from the pray without ceasing, if there is no whole truth. Those who assert that reality in prayer, and if it is not a submission is the highest attitude a great iaw of God's working for the soul can take toward God often make redemption of the world. The Bible a pious phrase a substitute for the often asserts and everywhere asmoral and spiritual conflict which in- sumes that prayer has power to tercession includes, and without which change things, that something really no man can grow into virile man- happens when men pray aright. In hood. If the biographies of all the Christ's teaching prayer is never vague men of achievement in prayer, whether aspiration, but involves the putting in the Bible or in modern times, were fortn of vital energy divinely intended fully written, vastly more would be to secure definite and unmistakable said about importunity than about sub- results. Prayer is not passive, it is mission. Dr. P. T. Forsyth well says active. I t is the kinetic energy of on this point: "We say too often 'Thy the soul applied to the highest tasks wil! be done' and too ready accept- in the Kingdom. ance of this wilt often mean feebleness and sloth. Prayer is an act of "Suppli.cation Working" will much more than of sentiment, and its triumph is more than acqui- The Epistle of James was written escence. The popularity of much ac- by a very practical man, and of all the practical suggestions he makes quiescence in things as they are is not none is more compelling than that because it is holier but because it is found in chapter five, verse sixteeneasier." "The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working." Here What Is Interceuipn? is an expression fu!'l of energy so al- luring to modern men of action. His 1. Intercession is the world's most thought seems to be that prayer puts forces at the disposal of God to be powerful, practical, human working applied by Him to definite tasks. force. Prayer does not change the will of God but it enables God to change the Service, the givil)g of money, the wills of men. Prayer does not persending out of missionaries, represent suade God, but it gives God a power the going forth of the life of the to bring to bear on men to persuade Church. Intercession is no less a put- them. Power belongeth unto God. ting forth of its vital energy. Prayer is the miracle of potentiality. All prayer is directed to Him, and the Let it be frankly admitted that putting forth of vital energy, which there are mysteries in prayer that is a central truth about intercession, have not yet been satisfactorily ex- releases forces which God can and plained, which have not yet been fully does use to accomplish definite and met, but while this is granted it can practical ends. Applying this thought not be denied that prayer is a great, to revivals, Nolan R. Best says, living reality among the working "Men planning for revivals ask forces of. the achieving Christia~ money and organization to bring leadership of all time. It is inconceivable that God should ask his children to cry day and night, to continue stedfastly III prayer, to

their plans to pass. God asks only patient teaching, what stern reproof, prayers. He can have a revival any- what changed housing conditions in where if He may have but enough a heathen city, what revolutionized prayers of the right kind to work habits, what breaking loose from old with." If prayer is a veritable dynamo relationships, what readj ustment of of power why is so little accomplished? life's plans! Yet here is a man who Is not the answer the fiery word of believes that intercession ha's power the same James, "Ye have not because to influence and change all these ye ask not" (James iv, 2) ; or Lecatis~ things. Ife proves his faith by selfishness makes the answer impos~ spending his time and strength in sible: "Ye ask 'and receive 110t, be- prayer. Happy the church or city cause ye ask amiss that ye may con- that has a modern Epaphras to set sume it on your own pleasures." free by intercession for the redemp- (J ames iv, 3.) The truth is that there tion of men the powers of the heavis all too little of this laborious toil in enly world. prayer. As Andrew Murray re'minds us, "If the amount of true wrestling Intercession has been a powerful with Goel in the daily life of the factor in calling out and causing to average Christian could be disclosed, sink into the life of the world all the the wonder might be not that he ac- great spiritual movements the world complishes so little, but that God is has ever seen. The revivals in the willing to use him at all." When we Old Testament, the spiritual quickcome home at night from work for enings in Germany, the vVesleyan re- God too tired to pray we have robbed vival, the Velsh revival, the modern God of that which He needed 1110St Pentecost in Korea, the awakening in to bring things to pass. The field of India, all these have been preceded yictory in prayer is trodden hard by and accompanied by special faiththe repeated harges of warriors who fulness in prayer. Every great crisis turn not back in the face of difficulty in the history of Christianity which and danger. has been successfully met has been met because of deep devotion to "Striving in Prayer" prayer. Trace back all these streams of blessings to their sources and you In a few swift strokes Paul gIVes come soon or late to groups of us a portrait of Epaphras, one .of his praying saints or to some lone 1110St powerful fellow workers. (Col. watcher on the hills to whom prayer i, 7, iv, 12-I3.) . The distinguishing is the most powerful method of work of Epaphras was his "striving working. in his prayers." "He hath much labor." Vhat was the object which II. Jntercessiol1 lS the decisive huled him to undertake the exhausting man factor in the spiritual conflict. labor of intercession? The answer is that the Colossians might "stand That we are in the midst of an inperfect and complete in all the will of tense spiritual conflict needs no proof. God." Vhat conflicts such a result That in the midst of the conflict for presupposes! What Christlike love the control of the planet God still and no. less Christlike warfare! What has to wonder that there is no inter- cessor, is evidence of much lack of prayer on that part of the Church.

HIGHEST FORM OF SERVICE

"Salvation Through Your Supplication" would learn this lesson, Christ could, In his struggle for the spiritual perhaps, pass over slow-moving, pain- mastery of Rome anel for victory in ful centuries in the history of the ex- his imprisonment, Paul points out pansion of the faith and swiftly de- the two decisive factors. (Phil. i, liver the Kingdom up to his Father. r9.) The decisive divine factor is '''Write thi~ for a memorial in a "The supply of the spirit of Jesus book" (Ex. xvii, 14), that interces- Christ." The decisive human factor sion is the decisive human factor in is "Your supplication." It is incon- God's war for righteousness and re- ceivable that Paul should depend so demption.

confidently on the prayers of believ- There is another intercession scene ers did he not know that interces- in the life of Moses, even more mov- sIOn has power. ing than the one just mentioned. (Ex.• .xxxii.) This was a battle, not with How Two Battles Were Won a foreign foe like Amalek, but with A fierce battle was at its crisis. sin in the lives of his brethren. Here· (Ex. xvii, 8-r6.) The odds were is where the heart-strain is hardest, very great. Far-reaching issues hung dealing with sin in those we love.

on the way the battle went. Inter- While Moses was on the mount, re- cession was the pivot on which vic- ceiving the law from God, Israel tory turned. Joshua was in the thick turned to idolatry. The very life of of the battle on the plain; Moses and the nation was at stake. Stern meas- Aaron and Hur, the intercessors, ures were necessary, and again Mo~es were in the thick of the battle on the turns to intercession and pleads with hill alone with God. ·While interces- God for forgiveness for Israel (v.

sion continuecI, victory was assured. 31-32). "If thou wilt forgive their When it ceased, the tide turned to S111. This seems so impossible with- defeat. Given a J()shua to lead the out a supreme sacrifice that Moses battle, a Moses and his helpers in breaks off suddenly, and adds the intercession, and no .-maJek can pre- very highest note in intercession: "If vail. If in our day the Church could not, blot me, I pray Thee, out of realize the significance of that scene thy book which Thou hast written."

on the hill as the decisive factor in Here was what Nolan R. Best the conflict on the plain, the shout of phrases "Fiery re~olt and terrific out- victory would reverberate everywhere cry."* Prayers that are nebulous along the battle-line. The battle goes amI nerveless get no answer, but in- against the Church when intercession tercession that draws vitality from fails. The key to victory is some the soul works miracles in the spiri- Moses, supported on either side by tual world. The 33d chapter of Exo- his brethren, entering into the life of dus records the continuance of the intercession. Any spiritual or mis- intercession. God's tenderness with sionary movement will die out when Moses there mentioned is eloquent this fire burns low so that there is testimony to the wonders wrought, only whitened ashes where there and God's approval of Moses' pray- should be the leaping flames. If only ers.

a sufficient number of battling saints • "Beyond the Natural Order,'· page 23.

"By Nothine Save By Prayer" Prayer," and it is earnestly urged that this book be read frequently and Look at the desperate case of the studied always with the open Bible epileptic boy. (Mark IX, 14-29 in hand. R. V.) The disciples were de- feated. They sought explanations. Christ constantly prayed. (Mark "How is it that we could not i, 35; Luke v, 16; Luke vi, 12; Matt. cast it out?" The answer is most xiv, 23; _Luke ix, 18; Luke ix, 28- startling. Let us not quibble and 29.) The burden of his prayer is try to obscure the plain meaning of for others, as is so powerfully re- Jesus by some mystical interpretation vealed in John xvii, where Christ which has no practical relation to life. prayed for the oncoming centuries Here Christ speaks the word which and the world-conquering Church. explains much of the lack of power That chapter is the cathedral of the in the modern church. "This kind New Testament. Christ considered can come out by nothing save by prayer more important than public prayer." Intercession was the deci- speech, as is shown by the fact that sive human factor in the conflict. If his profoundest concern for his the faith of the churches in our day preachers was that they be men of were only vigorous enough to take in prayer. His lessons were not at all this word of the living Christ, what on how to preach, but often on how devils might be cast out of modern to pray. (Matt. vi, 5-15; Matt. society! Christ here asserts the fact XVIll, 19-20; Luke xi, 1-13; Luke that there is only one human minis- xviii, 1-16.) Teaching and healing try of the Church which releases were less urgent than prayer with enough spiritual energy ta meet the our Lord, for when the multitudes great practical issues of the King- were pressing Him for healing and dom victoriously, and that ministry teaching, He withdrew to pray. (Luke is intercession. If prayer has no vir- v, 15-16.) Sleep and rest are gifts tue except its helpful reaction on of God, but not so necessary as in- . the life of him who prays, if it tercession, for they were both sac- changes nothing, Jesus' words throw rificed when urgent needs arose. us back into hopeless unbelief. Such (Mark i, 35; Luke vi, 12.) Christ intercession as is here mentioned by states only one method of securing our Lord is not simply a repetition workers, and that method is inter- of pious words. It is not interces- cession. (Matt. ix, 38.) sion at all if it does not send the in- tercessor out with heart hot with in- Jesus te'ches that it is on prayer dignation and with inflexible pur- that some of the promises wait their pose to fight evil to the .end. But fulfilment. If this is not true, why once again let it be repeated, it is does Jesus say, "Ask and ye shall re- prayer which is the decisive human ceive, seek and ye shall find, knock fattor in casting the devil out. How and it shall be opened unto you?" central this theme is in the teaching (Luke xi, 9-10.) Intercession is not of our Lord is very strongly brought simply a placid asking, or even an out in such books as Andrew Mur- earnest seeking, but sometimes must ray.'s: "With Christ in the School of be rising up in one's might to smite {he closed door. God has promised

15] THE HIGHEST FORM OF SERVICE

the Holy Spirit to all (Acts ii, 39); 34.) A prayer two thousand years but in connection with the passage in long! It is as tho God desired that Luke mentioned above, Jesus illus- no one should be confused by the trates the necessity of asking, seek- mention in the New Testament of a ing, Mocking, by saying, "How much large number of activities of the as- more shall your Heavenly Father cended and living Lord. He reveals give the Holy Spirit to them that ask only this single, highest ministry of Him." (Luke xi, I3.) It is not the Redeemer in Heaven. Vhat does only true that the fulfilment of this intercession do for the Church promises waits on prayer, but also and the world? The arresting, start- upon prayer the Holy Spirit waits ling answer is, "Wherefore He is able to cooperate with men. Pentecost to sa've to the uttermost." The place and all the repetitions of the experi- which Jesus gives to intercession is ence in Acts are preceded and ac- this. When He was here on earth companied by prayer. This means redemption was finished in intent by that the Kingdom delays its com- his death and resurrection, but that ing where there is lack of prayer. rede11lpt'ion can not be perfectly ap- What a sense of responsibi:ity and plied and made completely effective compulsion this should bring to every 7('ithout intercession. I t is because Christian! What unnecessary pov- intercession is made-his and ours- erty and misery and wreckage are in that "He is able to save to the utter- the world which praying men might most."

have prevented or removed! III. Intercession is the golden cord But the fact which lays hold of that draws men into intimate com- one most powerfully, until the very radeship with Christ.

wonder of it becomes well-nigh over- In a recent pamphlet, entitled "In- whelming, is the fact which is now tercession," by Henry W. Frost, about to be stated. Pause for a mo- Home Director for America of the ment to gain control of all your fac- China Inland Mission, he says there ulties before the next few sentences are three stages through which the are said. Put up a prayer that the intercessor must pass.

significance of them may lay hold of First, there is the stage of amplifi- the very soul. The crowning evi- cation. Real intercession does not dence of the place of intercession in stop until it has taken in a world. No the life and plans of Jesus is the fact more vision-bringing, horizon-ex- that the Bible is silent about all the panding practise is possible to a wonderful and holy activities of our Christian than this. :I1r. Frost re- Lord since the ascension, except one. lates the experience of Rev. J. Hud- . . . It is inconceivable that Jesus son Taylor. "He said that he once has suspended action in behalf of his made a discovery which awakened church and his world. What has He and startled him. He had been in- been doing these centuries? The ab- terested in China, and he used to be- sorbing activity of Jesus has been gin his praying for that land, and he the highest, hardest, costliest minis- would pray for it so long that he had try. "He ever liveth to make inter- little time to give to other countries.

cession." CHeb. vii, 25; Rom. viii, As a result, he determined that he

would reverse the process of pray- of the world, and, above all, for the ing, beginning with the forgotten lands and ending with China. On sake of Christ, to become an intercesthinking the matter over, he discovered that South America was most s·or. Nevertheless, remember that frequently left out of his praying, and from that time on he generally doing this will mean, not only that began his prayer with South American lands." you will have to rejoice with those The second stage is specification. who rejoice, but also to sorrow with Intercession not only leads one farther afield, it also inevitably compels those who sorrow. For identification more attention to details, to individuals and groups, and special needs implies that you will have to suffer all over the world. To quote again from the pamphlet mentioned above: with God in his compassion for a "Let me frankly say that you will do well to think twice before you set back-slidden church and an unyour face toward this sort of intercession. For this kind of praying saved world, and that you will have will take time. It will mean the giving up of prized pleasures and privi- to lay down your life as a sacrifice leges, earlier rising, and often loss of sleep at night. It will mean press- in behalf of all the sons of men. All ing the battle to the gates, until you are laying hold of Satan's strong- this will mean much pain that will be hold and wrestling with powers in heavenly places. Such praying be- nothing less than soul-travail. comes prolonged and is intense." Prayer, therefore, is both an altar Finally, there is the stage of identification. "Intercession amplifies and and an arena, a shrine and a battlespecifies, but, before it is finished, it· puts the life so closely in contact field. Prayer not only means blesswith God on the one hand and man on the other hand that oneness is ob- ings, but weapons of war, and sometained and maintained. And I assure you, if I know anything about inter- times intercession may be likened to cession, that this experience costs more than any other. I told you a implements of a wrecking-crew. moment ago to think twice before you set your face to a life of inter- Here, then, sounds out the highcession. I would now say to think thrice about it. For if the other ex- est, hardest, costliest call. Having perience costs, this experience costs much more. I would urge you, for faced the issue squarely, will you the sake of the Churl;h, for the sake turn away unconvinced or unwilling to follow the clear call of God? De- feat, disaster, a wreck lie that way!

Or will you now take this last and highest covenant to join with Jesus Christ in unfailing intercession that Satan's dominion may be ended and Christ made victor over all the world? Eternal issues hang in the balance as you decide.

"My Lord, I find that nothing else will do, But follow where Thou goest, And when I find Thee not, still run to meet.

Roses are scentless, hopeless are the morns, Rest is but weariness, laughter but crackling thorns If Thou the Truth do not make them true.

Thou art my life, 0 Christ, And nothing else will do." .j

Conference of the

Christian Alliance of America BY TIlE REV. S. B. RonOLD, F.R.G.S., PRESIDENT L,T lHE Hebrew Christian prived of a place in aggressive miS- Alliance of America sionary church programs. is the child of many prayers. There has This situation has at last become ~ long been felt a great the burden of every loyal Hebrew need for united leader- Christian, and is an absorbing theme ship among Hebrew Christians. in all their prayers. The result is Their hearts yearn for fellowship that the idea of a union of Hebrew with the brethren who have left Christians has been fostered as a Judaism and become followers of cherished hope. Three preliminary Jesus, the Christ of God. This is meetings were convened; one in not merely a sentimental racial affec- Pittsburgh, one in New York, and tion. The loyal ones know that the one in Brooklyn. Last year officers Hebrew Christians suffer from a were elected, and a program was infearful malady, that of being inter- augurated calling for prayerful, united nally divided. The Hebrew Christian action, The response was most gratiis misunderstood. The Gentile Chris- fying, and the whole condition so tians often misunderstand him, and matured, resulted in sending out he misunderstands them. He is often "The Call for the Conference." led away in the wilderness and left alone, and tempted by the Devil. The Conference But even this is nothing compared with the internal malady of being In the Assembly Hall, United "divided." Charities Building, New York, on April 6th to 9th, the Hebrew Chris- More than this, the want of united tian Alliance of America held its leadership, has opened a wide door first annual Conference. Steps were for "the little faxes that spoil the taken which may change the whole vines." Men posing as converts, course of Hebrew Christian history with an amazing brazenness, maraud on the American continent. this continent, defrauding guileless Christians, yea, even the Church, by The Conference was comprehenplausible invented stories. Ministers sive, representative and united. The who give their pulpits to such im- subjects deliberated were not matters postors, expose their people and of petty doctrines or of Church Govactually aid this imposition. The ernment, but were vital questions result is that Jewish Missions, other- affecting the very life and existence wise successful, have fallen in the of Jewish Missionary enterprise. estimation of the Church in general From the first session there was a and Jewish Missions have been de- spirit of expectancy, which was kin- dled into a true spirit of devoted enthusiasm,

The delegates came from great dis- prayer and intercession on that tances-Indiana, IlIinois, Missouri, solemn occasion." Kansas, Texas, Tennessee, Georgia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and On Saturday gospel services were the Provinces of Canada. All the held for Jews in New York, and on large cities of the United States and Sunday the Needs of Israel were Canada, and almost all Missions' to presented in City churches. Jews were represented. There were also messages of encouragement and The important subj ects discust at greetings from London Jews So- the Conference were: (I) Cooperaciety; Bishop Arthur Lloyd; Federal tion between different Jewish Mis- Council of Churches; Dr. John R. sions and the Christian churches. (2) Mott, Chairman Continuation Com- Modern Needs of the Jewish People. mittee; Rev. W. R. Hogue, Balti- (3) Training of Jewish Workers. more; Rev. A. Merzel, Chairman (4) Conservation of Converts. Con- Board of F. M. German Evangelical stitution and By-laws were discust Synod; The New York Board of and adopted; officers were elected Presbyterian Missions; The Congre- and important resolutions were gational and Methodist Boards of adopted, which will be the guide and Home Missions; The Toronto policy of the Alliance. Branch of the Hebrew Christian Alliance, and Mr. Daniel Rose, Cin- The work accomplished and the cinnati. A deputation came from good spirit that prevailed all through the Federal Council of Churches, the Conference were remarkable. consisting of Dr. Albert G. Lawson; Here were gathered together a group Dr. Charles L. Thompson; Dr. Riv- of Jews who, by birth and ties of ington D. Lord, and Dr. Charles citizenship, belong to all the bel- McFarland, Secretary. ligerent nations, where Jew is killing Jew in this fearful struggle of the The members of the deputation nations for supremacy. These repreexprest their delight at meeting with sentatives were in perfect harmony so many Hebrew Christians, and as- with never a whisper of war, except sured the conference of their sym- when interceding with our Heavenly pathy and sincere cooperation. They Father to restore peace and that His rusa agreed to bring before the Kingdom of Peace may come. Council of Churches for favorable consideration, the following resolu- At the devotional hour each morntion: "Be it resolved that the Hebrew ing a spiritual atmosphere was felt, Christian Alliance of America re- and a new covenant with the Lord quest the Federal Council of and with the Hebrew Christian was Churches in America to urge upon the burning theme of many spiritthe evangelical churches of this land filled messages. The result was that the observance of an annual Day of the brethren did not desire only a Prayer for Israel; and we suggest nominal union, and their purpose to the Day of Atonement, or the Sun- cement a true spiritual union was day preceding the Day of Atonement, exprest as they sat down to that as a suitable day for the purpose of never-to-be-forgotten Supper of the Lord. Among those present were the President (Presbyterian), who conducted the Communion Service;

CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE OF AMERICA

Rev. A. R. Kuldell (Lutheran), who formed through the Federal Council gave the address; Rev. A. Lichten- of churches and other channels of stein (Baptist), Rev. S. Needleman authority, of impostors, and any other (Methodist), and Captain Hirschler abuses. Individuals pretending to (Salvationist), who acted as Elders. carryon work and not actually doing Others partaking of the supper in- it, will be called to account, and cluded Presbyterians, Anglicans, Re- none of such can afford to ignore formed United Presbyterians, Metho- the Alliance, for this Committee will dists, Congregationalists, Baptists. have means of communication Christian Missionary Alliance, Lu- throughout the country. In this way therans, Brethren, and some who some great wrongs may be remedied. could not be classified. The hearts of all were thus united-British, The Missionary Committee will German, French, Austrian, Russian, seek to reach the ear of the Chris- Arabian, and American, celebrating tian Church, calling attention to this most Holy Communion, insti- needy fields, and will secure a place tuted by our Lord Himself: "One for Jewish Missions on her missionin faith and doctrine, one in charity." ary program. The committee will recommend reliable and well-trained There is, however, no carelessness Hebrew Christians to enter fields of in the constitution of the Alliance, labor. Consecrated young Hebrew for no one can become a member Christians, who have received the call without signifying his belief in the for service, will be guided and aided following: to secure the needed education.

1. The Deity of the Lord Jesus The officers and executives will keep Christ; His Virgin birth; His vi- in constant touch with the different carious atonement for our sins; His committees to carry out the different resurrection; His ascension, and His resolutions passed at the conference, session at the right hand of God. the conservation of converts, uniting them into a corporate testimony, to 2. That all Scripture is given by raise and uplift the spiritual standard inspiration of God. (I Tim. 3 :16). of the Hebrew Christian and to en- courage them to come out openly in 3. The Messianic Prophecies of their confession of Christ. the Old Testament, pointing to our Lord Jesus. All the delegates to the Hebrew Christian Alliance, pledged them- Some Results selves to go from strength to strength in the name of our blessed Lord, The Hebrew Christian can not go using all the powers that God has back to live the same life as before, granted to them, to labor for the not in individual lives only, but in cause. The Hebrew Christian is the great gathering as a whole. New making a great effort to become a depths have been sounded of spiritual real living testimony for Christ and experiences and of consecration to His Gospel. God has sent His sal~ the work of Christ. vation from Zion; assuredly He will send peace upon His people. The Information and Investigation Committcc, will keep the Church in-

and Reality In

THE STORY OF DR. ROBERT KERR, MEDICAL MISSIONARY BY ERNEST D. PIERSON, NEW YORK IMiOROCCO, a land of dawning when the hosts of the Lord 'mystery, of barbaric shall enter and possess the land. splendor and sordid crime, of strange super- In his new book, "Morocco After stitions and wild fan- Twenty-five Years,"* Dr. Robert Kerr aticism, will always re- gives a valuable and most interesting ac- main one of the most interesting coun- count of his experiences as a medical tries in the world to people of more missionary. He graphically describes civilized, and more prosaic nations. modern life in Morocco politically, mor- The spread of international commerce, ally, and sociaIIy, devoting some chapters the influx of foreign traders and to a consideration of the various relig- travelers, foreign influences and French iolts faiths, superstitions and curious CltS- domination, seem thus far to have toms of the people, and to brief studies wrought few changes in the life and of the races that make up the hetero- religion of a land that so clearly re- geneous population. Missions and mis- flects the spirit of a bygone age. sionary work are separately considered, Those who have lived in Morocco but the chief interest in the book lies during the past twenty, or thirty years, in the author's realistic reminiscences however, see signs that the nation is of his professional' work among the awakening slowly from its centuries' people. sleep, and that the light of Western progress is dispelling the darkness of Dr. Kerr is not over optimistic as to superstition that so long has shrouded the present outlook for Christian pro- the Sunset Land. There have been gress in Morocco. He is a conscien- changes in Morocco that escape the tious historian dealing with the hard eye of the casual visitor. There is facts of present-day conditions, but his more independent thought among the observations and deductions are all the people, tyranny is less openly practised, more valuable because free from justice is not always a mockery, and visionary conclusions. He went to Christians are more generaIly respected. Morocco in 1886, sent out by the These vastly improved conditions have Jewish Committee of the English been brought about since Protestant Presbyterian Church, but later became Missions were established, and because the head of an independent society: of the example and influence of the The Central Morocco Mission. For a self-sacrificing men and women who quarter of a century he has labored in have labored to spread the Gospel mes- the twin cities of Rabat and Salee. sage through this darkened land. For Rabat is inhabited by Moors who were many years of apparently fruitless en- driven out of Spain, and Salee is the deavor these faithful servants of the home of Moors, Arabs and Berbers. Master have toiled on amid discourage- Of the difficulties experienced in get- ments and persecutions, and now at ting established in his new home he last there is a promise of a better day relates many interesting incidents. His first landlord was delighted to hear that he came from Glasgow. "Glas- + "Morocco After Twenty-Five Years," .By Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. 8vo. 364 pp. lOs. 6d. Murray & Evenden. London, 1912. gow!" shouted the Moor in rapture. Gospel of yours on one of your own "That is the place where' my ship was countrymen, holding an important frozen up for four months. Glasgow official position in the city, and try its is a nice place, got much good beer and effects on him. None of us, thank whisky there. Did you bring any God have sunk so low. You have whisky and beer with you? Let Glas- splendid material to work on, and I gow flourish." Dr. Kerr adds that he wish you success and Godspeed. Let felt a little ashamed for his' country, me know the results. Good-by." In from the only impression of his be- Morocco, as in other foreign missionloved city which this Moor carried ary fields, the evil, the Godless lives back to Morocco. led by many representatives of Chris- tian countries are a constant hindrance Doctor Kerr's services were in im- to the spread of the Gospel message. mediate, demand, but he found great difficulty in persuading his patients to Dr. Kerr has witnessed marvelous take medicines' for fear that they were changes in Morocco since Christian poisons. For many ,years he was com- Missions were first established there. pelled to taste each medicine in the For two hundred years the fanatical presence of the patient until confidence Moors of the old piratical city of was established. He also found that Salee would not permit a consul, merit was better to charge a sma1 amount chant, or European to rent a house, or for each remedy, for the patients sus- live there. Dr. Kerr was the first pected some ulterior motive when a "barbarian" permitted to take up his man was ready to give away so much residence in the closed city, and his medicine. Having paid, they had con- life of service for God and humanity fidence in the prescription and took made this possible only after he had the medicine, but they thought that he waited for twenty years. could work miracles and cure any disease in a day or two. Work in the During the rebellion a few years hospital was not altogether free from ago, he was the only European allowed anxiety, for in the event of a patient's to enter Salee. Then he had an escort death, false reports were circulated by of boys and girls, who would say to the fanatical Moslems that there had the wild mountaineers, "If any of you been foul play. Arabs lift a finger: against this man you will be unable to leave the town Dr. Kerr does not share the general alive." impression that the Moors are dull and uninteresting. He found them When they asked who this' person very keen to find flaws in his state- was, a Christian, a Moslem? They ments, and says that a missionary, to would reply, "He is better than all. be successful among the Moors, must Don't you know that this is the man study the art of repartee, and must be who comes and scratches the arms of prepared for cutting rejoinders. A our little brothers and sisters to prelearned Fakir to whom he spoke of vent them from taking the sma1pox? God's power to save and keep from The Lord preserve him to us." sin, and of the transformation which the Gospel wrought in the lives of Many pathetic and even tragic scenes men, listened attentively without a were enacted close to the Mission word, and then said, "Doctor, I am House. When a black flag was hoisted delighted to hear what you say the on the neighboring mosque it inditeachings of the Lord Jesus can do. cated that someone about to become a Now you might go down and try that mother was in grave danger and the prayers of the faithful were invoked. The author tells of a young married

woman who having suffered untold being the only church edifices at present agony for some days begged her pa- in the Sunset Land. rents to send for the Christian doctor and his wife. They protested that it "It is a matter of regret," says Dr. was contrary to their religion to call Kerr, "that no Protestant denomination in a Christian under the circumstances. has undertaken permanent work in "Then you will allow me to die?" Morocco, while it is also most unforsaid the daughter. "Much better you tunate that a general union can not be should die than be lost," was the re- effected between the various mis'sions if, joinder. Turning to her father the the field. Such a union would double young woman said: "If that is so, may their influence. However difficult it may God curse you and your religion. I be to carryon small missions (being excast myself on the mercy of God." posed to every adverse wind that blows) The parents tried_to console themselves without the substantial support of orwith the thought that the daughter's ganized church life behind them, yet it mind was wandering, but when the must not be forgotten that they are the Kadi learned the facts, he publicly de- rivulets which rise from the springs in clared that the next time anyone re- the mountains, and, converging, form fused to call in a Christian doctor in streams. But for the example and ina dangerous case, he would have the fluence which they exert, the church father, or husband paraded through the might languish and die." streets with a halter around his neck. Since then the physician and nurse have There is no such thing as religious been welcome, and often we have been liberty in Morocco, so that it is impossiable to save the life of a child and glad- ble for a Christian convert to make an den the heart of a mother. Now the open confession of faith. "The outhusband or father will say: "We have come," says Dr. Kerr, "during the past confidence in you; we do not re4uire to thirty years has been anything but enbe present. Just go and rap at the door couraging, while the results at the sevand you will be admitted." This priv- eral missions have been much the same, ilege would not be granted to their own the number of converts varying accordfriends or relatives. ing to the standard of admission. Brave men and women have been laboring on The Protestant mission;:; in Morocco as in a forlorn hope, steadily keeping the are all of comparatively recent date, banner unfurled, often amid the most and all were born in travail, and suf- trying circumstances. . . . Many of fered grievous persecutions. With the those making a profession of faith did exception of the London Mission to the so under a misconception of the teach- Jews at Mogador, none have any guar- ings and principles of the Gospel of anteed incomes. Two small churches Jesus Christ. As Islam never makes inhave been built in Morocco by the mem- quiries as to whether there has been a bers of the Church of England. The change of heart or not, so many of these one at Tangier, where regular services professing Christian converts never are held during the winter and spring, is deemed that it was necessary that there under the Bishop of Gibraltar; the should be a renouncing of sin, but only other is at Casablanca, under the Bishop the transferring of their affection to a of Sierra Leone. The North African particular prophet-Jesus Christ, be- Mission erected a small iron church loved and honored by N abi Mohammed three years ago in Tangier in connec- -which shows the principal reason why tion with their Spanish work, these there have been so many spurious con- verts among the heathen."

AND REALITY IN MOROCCO

The Moslem faith, which incorporated over another, so that it is not to be won- many of the leading truths of the Chris- dered at that they were all frightened. tian religion, with wide latitude to grati- When I opened the door, the Arab fy sensual desires, is, indeed, a formid- dragged the perambulator with him. able foe. Hence it is necessary to place Even tho the Arab saw what had hap- before the Christian Church at home the pened, we could not convince him that difficulty of work among the Moslems; it was only a simple accident. 'It was it is not cutting a tunnel through sand impossible for me,' said the Arab, 'to and clay, but through granite rock. pull that coach after me. I felt the Unitedly, Christians must pray to God jinoon pushing it against me, do let :ne Himself, who can pierce the mountains out to pass the night in the street!'" of error and superstition. He returned to his tent, where he lay ill for ten days. He assured Dr. Kerr As the Koran is fulI of superstitious when they met again that the experienr.e teaching, the Moslems, and especially had added at least ten years to his life. those of Morocco, are strong believers in He advised the Doctor to leave the Mis- evil spirits, witchcraft, signs, and spells. sion house at once, as it was demon- A man from the marshes complained to possest. Dr. Kerr that his district was full of Jinoon (evil spirits). They came out of Dr. Kerr gained an insight into the the ground like a mist in the autumn secret and criminal inner life of the and tumbled people down. The man Moroccans, which is not revealed to the himself was suffering from their attacks. ordinary layman. Thus men and women Dr. Kerr diagnosed his case as one of often called on him to obtain poison to malarial fever, and prescribing the usual remove their wives or husbands. As an treatment, in two weeks the jinoon accomplished dealer in strong magic, stricken patient was perfectly well. "Ah they also sought his help to further their Doctor," said he, "if I had known you love affairs. One day he was apwere an expert at expelling evil spirits proached by a woman of middle age who J would have come to you long ago." prostrated herself before him. "Doctor, It was no use trying to explain to the man that his trouble was caused by foul r have come for medicine which will water and miasma arising from the soil. cause my husband's affection to return An Arab who had business with Dr. to me again. He has married a young Kerr was invited to spend the night in wi fe and transferred alI his affections to the hospital. About nine o'clock in the her, and I am left out in the cold." evening he was heard loudly calIing fnr help. "I' ran," the author relates, "as "I regret to say," Dr. Kerr told her, fast as I could down stairs and pulled "that that is a common complaint among open the large doors, when out jumped women who have ungrateful husbands. the Arab with a perambulator at his Medicine, I fear, would do no good. heels, and throwing his arms around my However, if I may give you advice, let neck implored me to protect him. 'The me urge you to center your affections 011 jinoons have got hold of me,' he cried. Him in whose presence we shaH shortly Feeling thirsty in the night the Arab had be. Altho your husband may forsake wished to go into the court for a drink. you, the Lord will not. Your husband but in the dark he could not find the will never return until he is seriously ill, door, and going to the other end of the then the young wife will run off and room, the fringes of his Khaik caught in leave you to nurSe him." (This is the perambulator and turning back, he exactly what happens among Arabs.) pulled it first over one patient, and then When I had finished speaking the poor woman came toward me and threw her arms around my neck, and with tea!"s

running down her cheeks, cried to her Governor?" said a soldier who had ac- friends: 'I take God for my witness that this Doctor is' a true believer. Did you companied Dr. Kerr to the house. "Just hear what he said?' Still keeping her hands on my shoulder, she continued: go and report what you have seen with 'The Lord bless you and shield you from your own eyes." all harm, and grant that you may find acceptance with Him on that day,' and "Praise be to God!" said the father. she left weeping." "We thought his leg was broken, and now we return praise to the Most High If the medical missionary is brought that it is not so. But altho our anxiety face to face with the sad and the tragical has been removed concerning the boy, side of life the comedy element is not we are in as deep distress as ever. We at all lacking. Dr. Kerr was once sent are afraid an untoward event may to report on a boy who had been run happen to his mother from the shock she down by a European. There was con- has received." "I shall be pleased 10 siderable excitement, for the rumor had examine her as well," said Dr. Kerr gone abroad, that a Christian had killed blandly. "Ah," rejoined the parent, "it a Moslem. When the Doctor entered the is unlawful in our religion for a Chrishouse, which was crowded with men and tian man to examine one of our women, women, he found the boy, his leg in but if there had been a lady doctor we splints, lying in bed, and rolled up in should have been glad to have had her." multitudinous blankets. "I am happy to say that I can oblige you, for we have two lady doctors whom "I asked to be allowed to examine the I will send for at once to examine and boy, btU they demurred. 'He has a prescribe for the lady." But here the fracture of the thigh,' said the father, soldier interfered. "Come, come," he 'and should there be any injudicious said, "we have not had our supper and handling of the leg it might become a it is getting late. By the time the lady compound fracture.' All the time the doctors arrive the mother will have relittle rogue was enjoying the fun im- covered and the grandmother will be mensely, having been instructed how to taken ill, so it will be impossible for us act. When the gentleman in question to get home before midnight!" was returning from a ride, this lad of some ten years purposely ran in front Vhen the soldier carried his report to of his horse, which so annoyed the rider the Governor, that worthy laughed so that he gave the boy a switch over the heartily that he fell off the divan on leg with his whip. After removing the which he was sitting. "There is only bandages I found only a small wale, one thing left to be done in this case," nothing to speak of. Putting my hand he said, "and that is for the English in my pocket I brought out a half-franc Doctor to become a Moslem!" piece, and, showing it to the lad (at the same time whispering in his ear)J said Dr. Kerr has often been asked the that should he beat me in a race across question. "Is the game worth the the spacious court, the money should be candle?" To this he replies that since his. To the amazement of the guests in a Moslem land to become a Christian and relatives, the boy (who was said to means almost certain death, there is little be seriously ill) jumped out of his bed, apparent success; but "The honor of and both of us were racing up and down Christ's Kingdom is at stake. So we go the court. Of course, I allowed him to forward at our Lord's command. Sacriwin the prize." fices will have to be made. It has always been so. The early Church of Christ "'hat answer shall we' return to the gave an example of suffering, of men and women who cherished their faith in Christ as dearer than life itself."

DTMENT ~—-.~'

OF .. Q,./ BEST METHODS …………………."..,/ CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COl.LEGE HILL. SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK ADVERTISING MISSIONS IN THE LOCAL CHURCH uIt..;:fIo-l.toV;lj)) UBLICITY is the cry of is not only legitimate but is a duty. the age, advertising the Seven trained men in his denomination great means of exploit- were kept out of the foreign mission field ing everything. No busi- because the treasury was empty. By ness can be successfully securing space in the denominational run without it. Millions papers and advertising the need for $12,000 to send these men out, $19,000 of dollars are expended in it every year were secured for this purpose in a very and some of the brightest minds in short time. the country are working out its problems. The universal testimony is that this vast ADVERTISING MEDIUMS expenditure of· mind and money pays. There are many mediums for adver- tising missions in the local church, all For a long time the Church stood of which can be used with very little aloof from the new methods. Publicity danger from overlapping. The most meant notoriety, and advertising was effective of these are as follows: sensational. Yet advertising is nothing more than making known and comme11'J- I. ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM THE PULing a thing to public notice. For nineteen centuries the Church has, uncon- PIT.-The pastor is the best of all adversciously perhaps, been depending upon tising agents for missions in his church. this means for the building up of her His opportunities for aiding the various forces. And she must depend on it still, societies in making known their work wisely adopting the new methods in so and securing good attendance, are pnicfar as they are good and in keeping with tically unlimited. The announcements of her high and holy cal1ing. "In the first meetings, whether printed in the church century the best advertised movement calendar or given verbally from the was the Church of Jesus Christ," says The Sunday-School Times. "Even its AMERICA enemies were advance agents in proclaiming it. To-day the Church and its A POSTER FOR MEETING ON IMMIGRATION organizations may well use every device that will help reach human hearts. But Drawing by Miss Martha Reid let no advertising method creep in that will weaken the Church's supreme purpose."

A few years ago a layman in the United Presbyterian Church tried an experiment in missionary advertising that has awakened the whole Church and proved that advertising of the right sort

pulpit, should be stich as to attract atten- BULLETIN BOARDs.-In the vestibule of tion and compel interest. "The stereo- every church there should be a bulletin- typed notice, 'The Voman's Mission- board used exclusively for advertising ary Society will meet in the chapel at 3 the missionary activities of the church, including the Woman's and Young WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT? People's Societies and the Sunday-school. Announcements of meetings, needs 111 COME TO THE M.ISSIONARY MEETING AND FIND OUT the way of money or supplies, and im- portant recent happenings in connection This shows the contrast between the Christians in with missions, should all find a place on Bolenge, Africa, where the Church was organized it.* only ten years ago, gladly bearing their tithe load, and the Christian at home sweating under his mite THE PUBLIC PREss.-In many cities load.-From The Missionary Intelligencer. the daily papers are willing to print items of interest concerning missionary o'clock, all ladies invited,' is not suffi- meetings in the churches. In Scheneccient," says Mrs. Raymond. A pastor tady, N. Y., the Woman's Missionary who really cares can, by a few earnest Society of Emmanuel Baptist Church is words-they need not be many-put good not slow to take advantage of this. Two cheer into his faithful workers and plant members of the executive committee seeds of interest and responsibility in have the matter in charge-one sends ;n hearts that have been callous and un- the notice of the meeting beforehand, concerned. the other sends in a short account of it afterward. As the meetings of this so- POSTERS.-These are most important. ciety often have attractive features, the It was while stopping for a moment to accounts of them are real news items read the public announcement of a mis'- which are read with interest by many sionary meeting posted on a bridge at people. the little town of Warrington, England, that Robert Moffat heard God's call. MAIL MArTER.-"Use the mails" is The meeting was over but he left the the advice of many a successful leader. spot with the determination formed with- Printed or mimeographed cards of inin his heart to be a foreign missionary. vitation announcing either regular or special meetings serve to bring the Simple, yet charming and very effec- matter directly to the attention of the tive posters announcing forthcoming members. Post cards are much used and meetings can be made at almost no cost they are especially effective when those and very little effort, with the help of sent out are the pretty and interesting pictures dipped from magazines; both picture post cards gotten out by the secular and religious. The colored prints Vyoman's Boards both home and foreign. of strange peoples and foreign lands in In the Woman's Missionary Society of The National Geogl'aphical Magazine the First Presbyterian Church, Schenecare especially helpful. tady, which sends out post card invita- tions every month, a large number arc printed at the beginning of the year, space being left for the names of the hostesses, and the date and topic of the monthly meeting. These items are filled in by hand and give the card a personal, * Directions for making bulletin.boards, and some suggestions about their use, were given in the Best lYfethods Department in January, 1914.

5J DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

timely touch, and greatly reduces the children, and under it the words, 'Suffer cost of printing. the little children to come unto me.'

The sending out of special invitations "Next week, add a group of Chinese sometimes seems like time and money children and beneath them write, 'Shall wasted, yet it often wins in the end. these come too?' Another week add the Years ago when the Best Methods editor children of Japan, with the same inwas secretary of a young woman's mis- scription; then India, Africa, etc.; until sionary society-her first official mission- finally the central picture is surrounded ary position-she sent out a great many by children of all nations, making quite cards of invitation. But the response an impressive display." waS' small and it was discouraging. One Sunday morning a young woman to USING THE CHILDREN whom many cards had been sent, said to In an article on "Church Advertising" her, "Don't be discouraged. Perhaps in The Sltnday-School Times, Doctor you'll get me yet. I have everyone of Reisner, pastor of Grace M. E. Church, those cards and I'm afraid they'll count New York City, advocates the use of against me in the Day of Judgment I" original cartoons displayed outside the church building and suggests that high- PRINTED YEAR BooKs.-One of the school students be prest into service for best ways of advertising a missionary making them. "One church," he says, society and its work is the printed year "paid for a correspondence course to book or leaflet containing lists of the 'finish off' a promising young artist officers and members and the dates and member, and so secured his service programs of the meetings. Every ~o­ free." ciety should get one out. It is good business policy even tho the cost should 36 Dolls be considerable. Enough copies should be printed to give one, not only to every Are About to Leave member of the society, but to every per- UNION PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH son in the church or congregation who is eligible for membership; and there for Ningpo, China should be enough left over to supply A Farewell Reception wiII be given newcomers during the year. As soon as strangers come to the church, copies them at the close of of this little booklet should be placed in The Woman's Missionary Meeting their hands. Only those who "know the Friday, September 18, at 3.00 P.M. heart of the stranger," because they have been strangers themselves, know how In the Church welcome even so small an attention Children are especially invited A Member of this Church Who was born in Ningpo Will speak on "WHEN 1 WAS A Boy IN CHINA"

may be.

A SERIAL POSTER Not only high-school students but "An effective poster for introducing grade-school pupils can be utilized in the children's foreign text-book, 'The making the simpler posters. What is 'Vorld Family,' can be made after a lacking in the greater ability of the serial fashion," says a recent number of skilled artist is more than made up by Lutheran Woman's Work. "Put up in the interest developed in the children a conspicuous place-preferably in the themselves and in their parents and Sunday-school room (with the permis- friends. The above poster, made by sion of the officers) a large sheet 0 f a boy of thirteen, very effectively advercardboard, in the middle of which is tised a special meeting of the woman's pasted a picture of Christ blessing the society in his church. The free-hand

Speaker:– Something Worth As a speaker to college men no one is more widely While known. For the past ten yean he has bten thl!' leadin2 speaker at ~reat student conferences al Notthfield. Lake Gtmva, Cascada and NiagaTa.

Author:- Robel't E Speer A prolific and prominent alJthor of books dealing with the moral and religious life of college men. A few of his many works are :-" A Young Man's Questions," ., Memorial of a True Life," "The Principles of Jesus:' .. The Man Jesus Christ," .. Politics in Asia," "Missions and Modern History. 'I p.nlUlunrrmrnt Student:- Robert E. Speer has accepted an invitation ex· One of the most distingui&hed graduate. of Princeton tended by the Union ColleEe Valedictorian, '89 Christian Association five months ago. Editor, "Daily Princetonian" Lea.ding orator In view of Mr. Speer's national and even world-wide President Pbiladelphian Society work and fame, the students of the college will, withm.lf A. M., Y.I, '00 doubt. take advantage of this opportunity 01 hearing and meet- D. U., University of of Glasgow, 1910 ing him Athlete:- – – WEDNESDAY EVENING– 7,30 P. M. Tadle on Princeton's famoul team of '89. AI an athlete he has always been looked to with pride COLLEGE ClfAPlCL by Princrton mt:l1.

AN ATTRACTIVE FOUR-PAGE FOLDER ANNOUNCING ROBERT E. SPEER Jettering was well done and pictures of his name carries no weight. And there dolls cut from a toy catalog added to the are others who know something about attractiveness. him, but whose interest could be greatly increased by wider knowledge of the ADVERTISING SPECIAL SPEAKERS achievements that have made him The way in which a special speaker is famous. Advertising that presents the principal facts of a speaker's career has advertised has much to do with the size a great value. of the audience and the importance which attaches to his work. A very clever announcement was sent out three years ago by the Y. M. C. A. No matter how prominent a speaker of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., may be, there are always those who to advertise a meeting addrest by Robert know so little; about him that, to them,

· DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

E. Speer. It was a four-page folder The meeting was not good-it was very, about 40 by 6 inches, and was widely very poor. This was not because of any distributed in advance of the meeting. unforeseen circumstances that suddenly It was dignified, concise and presenteu arose just before the meeting. The facts calculated to arouse the interest a i meeting had not been carefully planned the students in a man who had made his and the least possible trouble had been mark as a student in a great university taken to make it a good meeting. The along many lines. It made a great ap- chairman of the Prayer Meeting Compeal and the hall was crowded. mittee freely admitted that it was a poor meeting, but failed to see that the bul- This little folder may well serve as a letin was false." model for all who have special speakers to announce. If the cost of a printed THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD folder is too great, the same idea could effectively be carried out on a large, hand- "By far the most effective method of made poster. advertising missionary meetings," says HONESTY IN ADVERTISING Mr. J. Lovell Murray, Educational Sec- In a recent number of Forward, William Ralph Hall of the Presbyterian retary of tl}.e Student Volunteer Move- Department of Religious Education, has ment, "is the methodical, persuasive, a word to say about advertising in Young timely invitation of individuals by the People's Societies that is equally applic- committee and other interested workers." able to missionary societies. "Can you name a big business-house It was a personal invitation to a misto-day that does absolutely no adver- sionary meeting that won VilIiam Duntising?" he asks. "Systematic adver- can, the hero of Metlakahtla, to the work. tising seems to be one of the laws of One Sunday morning a lady invited him business life and growth. You have to a special meeting that was to he held noted, too, that special emphasis is placed during the week in a distant part of the on frank and absnlutely trustworthy ad- city. When the night came it was stormy, vertising. Advertising our Young and he was weary with his hard day's People's Society and its meetings must work. But he kept his promise, with the be based on the principles of good busi- result that that night he promise'd his ness advertising. We must have some- Lord that he would be a missionary. The thing good to advertise; we must tell the public announcement alone would not facts frankly, enthusiastically and in have taken him out into the storm; it was ways that will elicit interest and atten- the personal invitation that clinched it. tion. "On one church bulletin, in large, at- Some years ago, by means of personal tractive lettering, I read: advertising, a Young People's Society in a Presbyterian Church made phenomenal CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR MEETING gains in attendance. A new president was elected, and the first thing she did 6.45 P.M. was to make a list of all the young people eligible for the society. The CHURCH PARLORS church roll, the Sunday-school class- books, the congregations on Sunday were , GOOD MEETING PROMISED eagerly scanned for names. The result was a list of ISO young people, only a JOIN US few of whom were working in the so- ciety. "I answered that advertisement. I am telling the plain truth when I say When the list was completed, the new that the advertisement was a falsehood, president invited the executive com- mittee to spend an evenins- at her horne,

and told them that she wanted every vited to march in the annual Memorial person on the list to receive a personal Day parade. It was a new idea, and invitation on the coming Sunday morn- there was much speculation on the part ing to the Christian Endeavor meeting of the teachers as to how the boys would in the evening. Pads of paper and lead respond to it.

pencils were then passed around and as One bright young teacher (Miss]essie the list was read each member of the Dunlap, who afterward became a suc- committee wrote down the names :If cessful missionary in India) had a desire those with whom he (or she) was best to see to what extent she could control acquainted, or with whom he had the the sentiment of her boys in regard to most influence. it. Having obtained the necessary per- On Sunday morning the committee mission of her principal, she made the worked so faithfully that few young tests immediately after the opening of people left the church without at least school in the morning. one invitation to "come to Christian En- "Boys," she said, putting into her exdeavor meeting to-night." As a result the attendance jumped at one bound pressive face all the brightness and enfrom 20 (the average attendance for thusiasm possible, "I have something to many months) to 60, and during the tell you. What do you think? You are all invited to march in the parade toweeks that followed this was more than morrow! Think of it, boys! March in maintained. During the past year the new presi- the Decoration Day parade with the old soldiers! What an honor! There will dent of a small missionary society in a be bands, and music, and you will carry large church adopted the scheme of ask- flags and bunches of flowers to lay on ing the ladies who entertained the so- the graves of the soldiers. Isn't it ciety in their homes each month to give glorious? I wish I were a boy! I'd like a large number of personal invitations, not only on the Sunday preceding the to march in such a parade! Do you meeting but during the week, by means want to?" of calls and the telephone. One of ha plans was to ask the hostes'S for each Did they want to? They were wild month to invite two of her intimate with enthusiasm. Every hand went tIP friends to assist her in giving the invita- and they fairly climbed over one another tions, and also to help her receive at in their eagerness and joy. But when the meeting. Where this was faithfully order was restored the teacher had done the results were most gratifying. changed. She was solemn and sober The president herself made many calls' now, and as she talked the enthusiasm and used her telephone freely. At the slowly died out of the boyish faces that end of the year it was found that the looked into hers. society had almost doubled its average attendance, the personal invitations being "Boys," she said, "are you really sure you want to accept this invitation? It's a long way to the cemetery, at least three one of the largest factors in the increase. miles, I should think. And it's so dusty, "Weare advertised by our loving you'd choke all the way. And if it friends," is a slogan that may well be should rain to-night, just think of the borrowed by missionary societies. mud. You have to march in the middle of the street you know. And suppose THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE the parade didn't start on time. Perhaps INVITATION you'd lose your dinner. But it would be Some years ago the boys in the Public too bad if none of you should march.

Schools of Springfield, Ohio, were in- How many will?"

OF BEST METHODS

There was intense silence for a mo- great meeting to-morrow night,' he said. ment. Then one hand went up. Just 'If you want to get a seat you must go one loyal, loving little lad had courage early; and, that you may not fail if you enough to volunteer. go early, I have had enough tickets brought to the church to supply such as Then the teacher changed again. wish to go; if you find you can not go With loving, earnest face, she explained you must surrender your ticket to some , how the brave men of the Grand Army one else who will.' Of course Saint of the Republic had risked their lives Andrew's great hall was filled. 'Accord- to save their country, and that an invita- ing to your faith be it unto you,' is true tion to march with them was an honor in more spheres than one. that must not be despised even if it did entail a few hardships. Then she asked "The very next Sunday I happened to again how many would march, and this be where a brother minister, who felt time, with sober, earnest faces alplOst all great misgivings about the week-night said they were ready. meetings being a success, besought his people to go, as many as possibly could, There is a lesson of much value to as tho he wished to. save it from dis- mis'sionary workers in this incident astrous failure. Both enthusiasm and which is true in every detail. "While despondency are contagious as this cam- by far the most' effective method of paign furnishes abundant proof." ,securing an audience is the personal word," says Mrs. Raymond, "it must not BLUE-PRINT POSTERS be given with the dogged loyalty that is Very attractive posters and invitation pathetic, nor the wistful, questioning cards can be made from blue print paper, eagerness that is in itself an apology, as many leaders are discovering. The both of which are unnecessary in these process is' as follows: days when the cause of missions has Make a tracing or drawing of the de- really come into its own. Our premise sired design with jet black opaque ink must be that those who do not share our (waterproof India ink is best) on trans- interest are decidedly the losers. But the parent tracing paper or on tracing cloth meeting must, 'lI!ithout question, make (obtained usually at a stationer's). A good our assumption. The woman who photo printing frame is a necessity and goes because she wants to go, and who the tracing must be the same size. Small feels repaid, is the one who goes again. frames, 4×5 inches, cost very little, but It is the meeting itself that ultimately large ones are expensive. If very large holds her." posters are needed it would probably be better to take the tracing to the drafting ENTHUSIASM VS. DESPONDENCY rooms of some large concern and have the prints made there. "It is very noticeable," wrote Dr. Ar- Put a piece of clear glass of the sa:ne thur T. Pierson in 1890, while conduct- size as the drawing into the printing ing a great missionary tour across the frame, with the tracing next to the glass water, "how much the success of a meet- and next to this a piece of blue print ing depends on the spirit of the local paper. Expose this to the sunlight a few committee of arrangements and even on moments (the exact time can only be the way in which what the Scotchman determined 'by experiment), then remove calls the 'intimations' are given. it from the frame and thoroughly wash it in a pan of clear water. Then place "I happened to be present in Barony on a piece of blotting-paper or cloth and Church, Glasgow, when the genial and let it remain until thoroughly dry, when gifted Doctor Marshall Lang was an- it may be mounted on cardboard if de- nouncing the meeting to be held in Saint Andrew's great hall on the Monday evening following. 'We are to hold a

sired. Any number of prints may be If there is a skilful and willing made from the same tracing. Blue print draftsman in the church the problem is post cards which cost but little make very solved. The Best Methods' editor re- pretty invitations. members with gratitude a young drafts- LETTERING FOR POSTERS man who spared neither time nor trouble to help in this way a Young People's In making posters the great bugbear Missionary Society, of which she was is the lettering. Attractive and appro- the leader for years. His beautiful work priate illustrations can be clipped from contributed not a little to the interest in papers and magazines and pasted into missions that was developed in that little place, but not so the invitation and an- band.

nouncement. But in many a church there is no To meet this need various devices are draftsman and no money for equipment.

recommended by different missionary For these the block letter alphabet is leaders. In "Missionary. Methods for available. By means of this anyone Sunday-School Workers," Mr. Trull who can draw a straight line with a ruler names as one essential of Sunday- . can do very good lettering. The space school equipment a marking outfit is ruled off into squares and the letters of rubber stamp letters. rYz inches blocked in. By using different si7.e high,with ink, ink pads, etc., which may squares the letters maY'be made large or be ordered from Millard & Company, 12 small at pleasure, and by using rectangles East r6th Street, New York City. instead of squares the proportions' may In "Missions in the Sunday-School," be varied also.

Miss Hixon recommends the gummed A great variety of effects may be pro- letters, which may be obtained from The duced in this lettering. Curves may be Ticket and Tablet Company, 381 Broad- used instead of oblique lines, if one is way, New York, or from any depot of able to draw them. The letters them- Dennison supplies. selves may be filled in solid black, or they At Northfield Miss Edith Thomson may be outlined in black and filled 1n recommended, in addition to the above, with color by means of crayon, pencil or an outfit of pattern letters and red and brush. Or they may be filled with fine'

black gummed paper which can be had oblique lines or with dots. And they for $1.00 from the Woman's Foreign can be made to stand out as in per- Missionary Society of the Presbyterian spective by making the right hand and Church, Witherspoon Building, Phila- lower lines much heavier than the others.

delphia. With this outfit she said, chil- If preferred, alphabets of several sizes dren in mission bands or shut-ins in the may be drawn and cut from cardboard Home bepartment of the Woman's Mi~­ to be used as patterns either for draw- sionary Society might prepare letters in ing letters on the poster or for cutting quantities to be ready wl).en needed. them from paper and pasting them on.

"Whenever I go to New Haven and see that great sign, 'BOOST NEW HAVEN,' I say to myself, 'Poor New Haven! Does she have to be boosted?'

"It is ,the same with the Church. If I should go to a church and find the members trying to promote it, I should say to myself, 'Poor old church! I'll go elsewhere and leave this old wreck to take care of itself.'

"In working for missions we should present it as the biggest thing going-the biggest business in the world to-day. instead of begging people to help, we should say to them, 'If you don't hurry you won't get in. Better help now while there is time.' "-REV. CHARLES E. EWING of China at a pastors' m.issionary conference.

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/fAIN FLOOFf:. PLAN PLANS OF THE ARTHLR T. PIERSO:-r ~[E1IORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL, KOREA ANNIVERSARIES AND PRAYER It has been preemin~ntly a work of faith and sacrifice, and wonderfully rich in ANNIVERSARIES are not merely spiritual fruitage. The mission is possest occasions for marking progress or of a divine vitality that could only for paying homage to the memory of come from God. Very appropriately, a great men and women of bygone days, conference for prayer and Bible study They are opportunities for due recog- has been called to commemorate the Junition of God's power and blessing, for bilee at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario prayer that iaith, wisdom, and strength (June 15-20). may be given for new advance movements, and for a readiness to make per- The Moslem world is at a crisis and sonal sacrifices that will cause the pres- may be on the eve of a great transforment days to be remembered as new and ation. June 30th marks the 600th anmemorable milestones of progress. niversary of the martyrdom of the first great Christian martyr missionary to In the midst of the present obstacles, Moslems', Raymund Lull. This anniverapparent retrograde movements in Eu- sary should be commemorated by all rope, in Africa, in China, and in Moslem Christians as a day of prayer for Moslands, it is well that we look back and lems and missions to Moslems all over the note God's hand in the difficulties anc1 world. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Cairo, discouragements of the past. This will Egypt, issues a call to observe such a strengthen our faith and courage. On day of prayer. Islam.is disintegrating. May 29th occurs the one hundredth an- Shall Christ take the place of Mohamniversary of the founding of the Base1 med as the obj eet of their reverence, or, Missionary Society. It was established shall the last state be worse than the in the midst of war and in the face of first? When the present war ends, the many difficulties. As a successful in- indications 'are that pra:ctically the dustrial mission agency, its history has' whole of the Moslem world will be open been unique. to Christianity, Christians should clearly indicate their readiness to take advantage Another anniversary is that of the of the doors that Gorl has opened. birth of George Pilkington (in 1865), , On July 6th comes the 600th anniverone of the remarkable young English sary of the martyrdom of John Hus, the missionaries who helped lay the founda- B<;>hemian Protestant reformer. His tions of the wonderful work in Uganda. blood has proved the seed of many That mission is an outstanding example churches, and his life and teachings may of the power of God to transform the well inspire Christians to new sacrifices African savage into a Chri'stian saint. for the sake of God's truth and right- eousness, The China Inland Mis'sion Jubilee offers another occasion for thanksgiving, Two other anniversaries in .July are and prayer. From an obscure begin- those of the martyrdoms of Christians ning, like a grain of mustard-seed, this in Madagascar (only 75 years ago), and mission has grown until it has spread of the baptism of Africaner, the Hotover four continents, and has established work in most of the provinces of China.

tentot chief-Ioo years ago–that has received funds for the purchase of land meant so much to the advance of and the construction of suitable build- Christianity in South Africa. ings. About $30,000 has been contribu- If birthday anniversaries are marked ted, and it is· hoped that even more may by rejoicings and gifts of love, how be received to make possible a suitable much more should such anniversaries as equipment.

these be marked by meetings for thanks- In Korea an interdenominational giving and prayer and by new dedica- Board of Trustees has been formed, of tions to God, and new sacrificial but which Dr. Horace G. Underwood is joyous gifts of men and money to help chairman and Dr. James S. Gale, the forward the work of Christ in all the secretary. This Board has, after many world. difficulties and unavoidable delay, suc- THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON ceeded in purchasing a suitable site near MEMORIAL the west gate in Seoul, not far from the Russian Legation. It is a desirable piece FOUR years ago, on June 3, 19II, the of property, and sufficiently large for a soul of the late Editor-in-Chief main assembly and school building and passed from his earthly taber~acle into two dormitories. The plans for the the presence of his Lord. After seventy- first buildi'D.g have been drawn (see ac-· four years of life, including over a half- companying diagrams), and it is excentury in the Christian ministry, he pected that the building will be com- ·rested from his labors. His last earthly pleted in September, in time for its dedtjourney was to the foreign mission field, cation by Dr. Robert E. Speer, who is and it was from Korea, where his eldest now on his way to the Orient. daughter is a missionary, that he was obliged to turn homeward. After his This Memorial Bible-School is desdeath some fr-iends contributed to a fund tined, we believe, to exert a marked into establish in Korea a memorial Bible- fluence on the future of the Christian sch.ool, which might be used to carryon Church in Korea. In the first place, it the work to which Dr. Pierson had de- is the result of many prayers, much voted his life and talents. careful thought, and not a little sac- rificial giving. Second, it is a union With the cooperation of the Pres- Bible-school, and so stands for a united byterian Mission (North) and the Meth- Christian Church. odist Episcopal Missions (North and South), a Union Bible-school has been Third: The course of instruction is to established in Seoul, the capital of Korea. be on sound Biblical and practical lines, Here the Bible is to be the text-book, without destructive criticism, but enand faith in its teachings and in Jesus couraging the best Spirit-filled scholar- Christ as the Son of God and Savior of ship. Fourth: The school is to be main- men are required as fundamental. For tained by the cooperating missions, so over three years this Bible-school has. that they will be responsible, and there been conducted in a building loaned by will be no need for a new independent the Methodist Seminary. Over 100 stu- organization.

dents have been in attendance, and a Christian friends are earnestly asked strong interdenominational faculty of to unite in prayer that God will abun- missionaries has conducted the instruc- dantly bless the work with spiritual life tion. .and fruit. The school is designed, not An interdenominational committee of primarily as a memorial to Arthur T.

friends in North America, of which Pierson, but as a gift of thanksgiving to Robert E. Speer is chairman, has drawn God for training witnesses to the Gos- up a constitution and by-laws, and has pel in Asia.

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MISSIONADY NE S AFRICA and New Testaments, the history and missions of the Christian Church, the A Hymn Book for Moslems evidences of Christianity, the philos- ophy of religion, etc. It has been AN Arabic hymn book, w.ith fifty or said by those who apparently know, sixty hymns valuable for develop- that Assiut College gives the largest ing the Christian life, has been pre- amount of religious instruction of any pared under the direction of· the college in the United Presbyterian World's Sunday-School Associations' Church. There are I28 students in the Committee on Moslem Work. Bishop freshman class, 82 in the sophomore- Hartzell, of North Africa, chairman of class, S2 in the junior class, and 30 in the committee, reports that the hymns tile senior clwss. The last session and stories in the children's tracts are showed the largest attendance in the learned by heart and recited to groups four college classes in the history of here and there after the manner of the tht" college. Arab story-tellers. The Sunday-school scholars have already learned the story Glad Tidings from West and East of creation and the promise of re- .:lemption, and chant it after the manner BISHOP TUGWELL, describing a of the traveling Arab minstrels. tour in Nigeria, tells of the many villages, formerly entirely heathen, in "What is Assiut College?" which are now erected buildings for the worship of God. Again, among IT is the only Protestant Christian the wandering tribe of the Masai, in College for young men in a nation of East Africa, the bishop of Mombasa I2,000,000. More than that, there is no has in hand an experiment of a "moving other Christian College in the whole evangelistic school." Two African valley of the Nile, whether in Egypt or Christian teachers are willing to go and the Sudan. As it has been for these move about with the tribe, which rc-' fifty years, so it is now, the only source mains only six months in a given place, in all North Africa for the training of and is, therefore, difficult to reach by young men through college preparation any other method. Owing to the plantfor becoming Christian leaders of ing, prior to the outbreak of the war, thought and activity. The college con- of small mission-schools a few hours' sists of a preparatory department of distant from each other in the Church about 300 students, and a collegiate Missionary Society Mission in German department of about the same number. East Africa, the Bishop says: "All Four years are required for the the young men are at our feet for all course in the preparatory department. tHe teaching we can give them. Throughout the entire course, with very Would that the same spirit of inquiry slight exceptions, every student has were prevalent among the young men daily instruction in the principles of of our own more favored land!" Christianity, in the contents of the Old

Perplexing Questions in U&"anda asked if I might rest awhile at hers. I was' taken into a nicely furnished I N Uganda the Church Missionaty room and saw a bed with sheets, quilt, and pillows trimmed with handmade Society missionaries have to contend crochet work, and everything as clean with a curious heresy, which has as in my own home. She constantly created serious trouble in the native has women round her, and spends most church. One man, Malaki by 'name, of her time in teaching them. Mornformerly a Church Missionary Society ing and evening the bell goes for prayteacher, has announced himself as ers! and it is a cheering sight to see chosen by God-after the fashion of her afterward talking to them and try- John the Baptist-to go and baptize. ing to teach them of the God whom The Church Missionary Society mis- she loves. This is only one instance, sionaries require that' their' converts but in every town in Bechuanaland are shall be carefully instructed as cate- to be found women of whom we can chumens, and shall also learn to read say like her, 'She hath done what she the New Testament, before they re- could.' " ceive baptism. Malaki merely asks the Baganda if they desire baptism and if I ~arket Day on the Kongo they believe Jesus to be the Son of WISH you could see our market. It God; then he bapti~es all and sundry, using the Christian formula, but with- is held every Saturday just outside out any further preparation, not even insisting on repentance or the giving of the concession. The natives with up of open sin. In this promiscuous fashion Malaki has baptized thousands food to sell bring it there, and the workin a few months. (See REVIEW for April, page 309.) men buy with salt. Money is never used African Women Rising in such cases. We have quite a time MRSBe. chHuaOnWalaAndR,DwriWtinILg LhIoAmMe,S~aysc:f keeping the people who are not working "One woman, the head of a band of from buying all the stuff offered for sale workers, is the widow of the late chief Bathceu_ She has been in constan; before our men get off. So we have touch with missionaries since she was quite a girl, and for many years has to appoint sentries who let only those been a Christian. She was often at the mission house with her husband, inside who have food to sell until the and we knew time spent with them was never wasted, for they came eager to horn is blown for quitting, then you learn, and in turn they taught others. She was always anxious to know the should see the rush. Everyone yells use of everything and the way to keep things clean, and often sent her daugh- and makes a break for the circle; they ter to me during her holidays with the request that she should be taught. It sit down with the food in frootnhterofdethliecma~ seemed a small thing then, but 'little is the ants, caterpillars and much when God is in it,' and not long ago, being too tired one Sunday to cies are all bought in a few minutes. return to my own house between the morning and afternoon service, I Our having something like a hundred men added to the population has placed a premium on all food stuffs, and altho there is plenty of food for all, it takes some scrapping around to find it some- times. Crops will begin to come in again soon, and I hope the market will be much larger then.-J. A. STORKWELL, Wembo-Niama.

South Africa Missions THE Missionary Societies in South Africa are already feeling the pinch of financial loss through this dreadful war. The burden falls heavily on

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French, Swiss, English, and German ous plans and means of improvement.

Societies. Many of the French Mission- These plans have centered around the aries of the splendid Basutoland Mission services, the polity, the rites and cere- have been recalled to France, and all monies of the Armenian Church. We supplies have been stopt. are . persuaded that the Armenian There are said to be 400 German mis- church imperatively needs reformation sionaries in South Africa, but many of along these lines; that is the .demand them have farms on which they can fall of the times and it should be solved at back for the absolute necessities of life. once. The time has come for the suo A scheme is afoot for starting a "Mis- preme spiritual authorities of the Ar:'

sionary Help Fund" in the Transvaal, menian church to turn their serious with the idea of helping those who are attention to this subject and to labor really in need, more particularly the without delay to find the means for missionaries with families.-South Af- making possible in the near future the rican Pioneer. regeneration of the church.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS "But the real trouble with our church is not in that direction; it is much Moslems a Great Host more deeply concealed: our church has lost its vitality, spiritual life has ceased ACCORDING to an article in the to exist in it. It is necessary to re- Church Missionary Review the vivify, to impart new life to it; our Mohammedan world includes 20I,000,- church must be born again. But this 000 of people. Of these, 90,500,000 can never be brought about by mere are under British rule, 35,000,000 under external changes. The church must Russian and French, and 41,500,000 be changed from within."-The Orient. under other governments, chiefly the Dutch. Of. the remaining 34,000,000, What the War haa Meant to Syria about one-half or 18,000,000 are subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The T HE situation in Syria from the out- Allies (Great Britain, France, and break of war has been one of ex- Russia) thus rule over a preponderant treme tension and acute distress. majority of the world's Moslems, I26,- "There has never been such oppression so rigidly carried out," writes a Syrian 000,000. business man. "Tho no massacre has taken place, the people are being as The Regeneration of the Armenian surely killed by degrees." The con- Church UNDER this title an article by a scription has been most rigorous, and Gregorian named Raphael Melik- to furnish the army thus raised with Atamian, published in Van, has been its equipment and storeS', warehouses copied with strong words of approval and shops have been systematically in the recognized organ of the Gregorian plundered, and this extortion goes on church in Constantinople. unremittingly; there is no redress.

That it has no uncertain sound the Tho the missionaries of the British following quotations will show: "In Syrian Mission were obliged to with- recent years the unenviable condition draw when Turkey entered into the of our church and her absolute need of war, they were able to make arrange- improvement have occupied the atten- ments for the continuance of much of tion of many and become one of the the work by native teachers and Bible- questions of the day. Both ecclesiastics 'Women, under the superintendence of and laymen have spoken and written on memberS' of the American Mission.

this subject; they have proposed vari- The Bible-women are going on un-

interruptedly with their work in the INDIA various centers, and find their visits The Bible for the Blind greatly valued. One of them writes EMBOSSED Braille type for the that she finds the women welcome her blind makes a bulky Bible. An gladly as she goes from house to edition of the British and Foreign house, and that, broken down by the Bible Society contains thirty-nine voltrials through which they are passing, umes which fill a shelf seven feet long, they are much more responsive, and and it costs $25 to produce each set of listen eagerly to the message of com- volumes. Notwithstanding the heavy fort which she brings.-The Christian. cost, the Society publishes all or parts Urgent Need in Persia of the Bible for the blind in thirty-five THE situation in Urumia, described different languages.

in the May REVIEW, has grown so Most of the Tamil books for the much more serious that the American blind are in Moon's raised type, which Committee on Persian War Relief is is larger and easier to feel than Braile.

asking for a total of $100,000. Fifteen In this type there are now seventy-six thousand re fugees are still being cared Tamil ~olumes, including all the New for in Urumia, and Rev. Robert M. Testament. Braille, however, is much Labaree writes concerning them: "All less bulky than Moon's system, and h:ls these thousands, who have been saved the advantage that it can be 'written by from massacre in its most horrible the blind on their frames.

forms, have to be fed; three tons of I bread daily has been needed to keep Rice Christians in India T them from starvation. But there has HE Rev. R. P. Butterfield of the Church Missionary Society describes been other ministry to perform also. In yards, where 5,000 could scarcely find ac- the kind of "rice Christians" some of commodation, 10,000 have been crowded, hi~' Tamils are. Nearly every Christian and naturally there has been a fearful Tamil housewife, when putting the rice mortality among them, at times 40 a day. into the cooking pot for the evening For awhile it was unsafe to leave the and morning meals, places a handful of premises, and none of these could be the grain on one side for God's work.

buried; but later, when the way was Another "rice Christian" is mentioned opened, one missionary was kept busy in a report of the United Presbyterian most of the time attending to the burial miSSIOn. He was an Egyptian fellah of the dead. Then there was" the still working for six dollars a month, who more trying work of looking up cap- ate the cheapest kind of food or what tured girls and trying to get them re- others had thrown away, and often stored to their families, and other work went hungry, in order that he might which only one who has been in such send $4.50 of the $6 to help his brother circumstances can describe. And from who was preparing for the ministry.

now on there is even more to do. For This he did, not for one month or for these people must be sent back and one year, but for a number of years', started once more in their plundered until the brother was able to support homes, many of which have been en- himself. Last year he met with a pain- tirely destroyed." The conditions in ful accident, both his legs being cut off Van and Eastern Armenia are also piti- by a train. After weeks of suffering able. Christians are being murdered, he was able to be out again, but there and all their property destroyed. Never was little that he could do. He opened was there greater need of Christian a small store from which he earns the sympathy and help.. barest kind of a livelihood, but he al-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ways has something for the Lord. "We tized. As we sat in a village comv.isited him in his little shop, and the munion service we were much interman's face lit up with a holy light ested in a conver~ation between several which comes only to him in whom Mohammedan and Hindu men. 'Just Christ dwells." look at those women and even children sitting quietly, and how they all sing. Hindu Rajah Translating the Bible Our women are noisy and do not know how to keep their children quiet.' THAT the influence of Christianity 'Those men are being called up before is far greater than can be measured all just because they have been gamin my statistics of adherents is recog- bling, and that woman because' she has nized by all who are familiar with con- been wearing charms to keep away the ditions. Rev. Frank H. Levering, of evil spirits. In our religion no one Secunderabad, Deccan, teIls a remark- ever thinks of putting away sins like able story of Rajah Bhujanga Ram, of that.' " EIIore, who has been translating the Gospels into high, poetical Telugu. He A Colporteur in Ceylon is a Hindu in religion. Some time ago his wife fell ill, and he took her to W HAT does it mean to be a Chris- Guntur, to Dr. Anna Kugler, for treat- tian Bible-seIler in Ceylon? Colment. The fact that she is a woman of porteur M. A. Fernando has his station great skill, and could command a large in an exceedingly difficult district, for income, if she stayed at home and the country round Kandy and its fapractised for money, and yet came out mous shrine is a fortress and strongto India to practise for Hindu women, hold of Buddhism. The people in attracted his attention. He decided to general are helpless and hopeless fatalstudy the cause. That led him to study ists, with hardly any concern for ~heir Christianity. He became deeply inter- own moral or spiritual welfare. Neverested, and as a result, he has translatd the less even here a spiritual movement the Gospels. is beginning. With the advance of edu- cation and the entrance of the Word The Raj ah says of himself: "My of God, there are large numbers of object in undertaking this' work is ~o these folk whose outlook on life is ensupply the long-felt want in the Telugu tirely changed, while those are on the Christian literature; and the mission- increase who gladly listen to the mesaries by patronizing these books are sage of the Gospel. During the past carrying out partly the object in my year Colporteur Fernando traveled 1,500 view and partly the dissemination of miles on his pilgrimage with the Scripthe Word of God, not only among tqe tures. He visited more than 600 vil- Christians, but also among my Hindu lages and hamlets', and sold 2,310 volbrethren." umes in Sinhalese, Tamil, and English. His field in some respects must be Many Truly Converted reckoned as one of the most needy as well as the most difficult in Ceylon. But A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in in village and in jungle, among railway India writes of the inner change coolies and low-caste folk, among and its outworking among converted wealthy landowners and poverty- Hindus! "Many secret believers who stricken peasants, the Word prospers never come near the missionary or na- in the thing whereto God sent it. tive worker for fear of being termed Men and women are hearing and readinquirers are being called Christians by ing, and by these channels salvation their own people. Their change of heart has told the story, even tho they are not ready to come out and be bap-

comes, as it carne of old.-The Bible mission, "and not a few would have made in the World. their mark anywhere in the world." With a view to building up a body of Chinese On the Border.of Tibet medical men able to teach medical science, the Foundation has decided to THE Church of Scotland's mission- establish six fellowships, each of $1,000 aries in Bhutan joyfully tell of the gold a year and traveling expenses, to final opening of the closed land on the enable Chinese graduates to study southern borders of Tibet-another step abroad. It is proposed, also, to aid the toward that impregnable fortress of mlsSlOnary societies in sending out Lamaism. Two Christian student trained nurses. Appropriations have teachers at Ha created such an im- been made for five nursing scholarships pression that the Maharajah himself is to enable Chinese nurses to come to the about to send to their school from leading schools in this country, and for twenty to twenty-five sons of his chief the translation of nursing text-books. men to learn! In the winter they will go down to KalilJ1pong and be under Baptisms Among the Miao the influence of the missionaries also. When some of the older students at REV. w. H. HUDSPETH recently Kalimpong heard of the Maharajah's made an extended tour among the determination, of their own initiative Miao, an aboriginal people in North they spent nearly the whole night in China, and experienced the joy of bapprayer over the matter. For that or tizing many who had embraced the some other reason the Maharajah later Christian faith. Those simple Chrisrequested that a teacher be sent to his tians can not unden,tand why it is that capital to teach his own family.-Sun- Christian nations are at war. In the day-School Times. Missionary Echo Mr. Hudspeth says: "Without a doubt the faith and teaching CHINA we have brought to these people is being shaken to its foundations. Why? why? Rockefeller's Plan for China they ask, does your country make war, since you have come here to teach us a As a result of a report by a special Gospel of peace. And we can not answer commission which made a first-hand them. But in spite of it all the Lord is study last year of public health and medi- with us, and during my last journey I cal practise in China, the Rockefeller baptized 406 people. In one center I Foundation has decided upon a compre- baptized 223, in a second 85, in a third hensive plan for improving medical and 45, and in a fourth 53. There were men hospital conditions in China. The Foun- and women and boys and girls of all dation has established a special organiza- ages. These people have a keen sense tion to be called the China Medical Board of sin, and some of them realized what of the Rockefeller Foundation, of which it meant to Jesus Christ to suffer on the E. C. Sage is secretary, and Roger S. cross." Greene is to be the resident director in Pekin. Before hospitals can be estab- Industrial School in Manchuria lished and before extensive work in public health al!d preventive medkine can T HE Chinese Christians of China's be done a large body of well-trained doc- I outpost, Manchuria, are about to tors must be secured. The commission open an industrial school in Mukden, and reported that it was greatly imprest by their reasons for taking the step are the work done by missionary societies in significant. Three of them are as folhospitals and medical schools. "The lows: standard among the medical missionaries in China is high," according to the com- It will attract to Christ and to the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Church the sons of Christians who, when man. Dr. Wherry is one of a remarkapprenticed in the ordinary way to able group of J.oung old men in Peking: heathen firms-which, of course, con- Dr. W. A. P. Martin, Dr. John Wherry, tinue work on Sundays-are seldom al- Dr. Chauncey Goodrich, Dr. H. H. lowed even to attend church, and in too Lowry. He is not only a doctor of many cases lapse entirely. It will en- learning-both Western and Chinesecourage Christians to engage in new and before which one rightly stands in proprofitable industries, and will help to found admiration, but he also has a keen produce numbers of self-respecting and beautiful sympathy with all persons, Christian business men and craftsmen and an interest in all vital and prowho may be a credit to the Christian gressive issues, as broad as it is wholename, and supporters of every good some." cause in the community. It is in every way advantageous that ,the Christian Chinese Typewriter Invented membership, which is growing in influence as well as in numbers, should A YOUNG Chinese student of engihave an opportunity of combining in an neering in New York University undertaking like this one, which has a has invented what is said to be the first chance of success, and of proving there- Chinese typewriter. He completed the by their ability to engage in still more model a short time ago, and has patented important undertakings'. As self-support it in this country, China, and Japan. has its problems for the Manchurian The new machine has only three keys. church, this enterprise is a hopeful sign. One of these is a back spacer, another -Sunday-School Times. the space key, and the third is the key with which 4,200' characters are struck. Fifty Years of Service It is possible, according to the inventor, to make about 50,000 characters by com- REV. JOHN WHERRY, D.D., of binations of "radicals," or base char- China, celebrated this past winter his acters. jubilee year, having gone to China fifty years ago. Dr. Wherry has had a dis- There are two cylinders, five inches in tinguished career, having been a pro- diameter, and about ten inches long, on fessor in Princeton University before one of which is a copper plate containing going to the Orient. 4,200 minute characters. The other C011- tains a paper copy of the same char- In 1890, he was elected a member of acters, and is used as a guide to the lothe Wenli Bible Translation committee, cation of each character. On the rim serving on this committee for twenty- of this cylinder is a list of IIO "keyfour years. To the prosecution of this words" which indicate the location of important work, he has contributed his words or characters which start with the exact and comprehensive scholarship and same sounds as the keywords. The his excellent literary taste. He was also operator turns the copper cylinder until instrumental in organizing the North the desired character is in front of a China Tract Society. The Chinese Re- key, then he hits the key and the charcorder in editorial mention of this no- acter is printed, after which the turning table missionary's work, says: process is gone through again. At pre- sent this is done by hand, tho the in- "It is an inspiration to have among 11S ventor expects to perfect a mechanism to a man seventy-eight years old, who has control this. He claims that after bebeen in China fifty years, and who is coming familiar with the location of the still young in heart and fresh in mind, characters and the mechanism of the indeed young enough in years to be typewriter, a person should be able to doing efficiently the work of a strong

write 40 words a minute on the new mule can now be made in three hours. machine. The motor-cycle has solved the problem raised by the reduction in appropriation:;, Magazine for Chinese Children which had necessitated discharging seven of the seventeen native preachers. Mr. D R. DONALD MacGILLIVRAY, Littlewood says of this: "This meant of the Christian Literature Society that we must either close up seven places, for China, writes: "We have projected with their outstations, or find means of a new series of tracts on the deeper transit by which the remaining men aspects of Christian truth. These will could superintend them. The bicycles be short and inexpensive. Each tract have made that possible, and tho seven will cost about $20 for the first edition. men have been discontinued, not a single It is very encouraging to know that the place lias been closed.-Missionary Echo. spirit of evangelism has not been checked in any way by the European war. The A Whirlwind Campaign in China special campaigns have had large fruitage, and further province-wide cam- W HEN the Peking Association enpaigns are being planned. In connection tered in 1914 upon a campaign for with these the workers find a great need adding 600 to its membership, a typical of new literature for the enquirers, and Manchu aristocrat, brother of the Boxer hence the importance of this new series governor of Peking, and at- that time in of tracts. full sympathy with him, now spent days in his automobile hunting members for Mrs. MacGillivray is busy getting out the Y. M. C. A. Of .another Manchu the first number of a new magazine for nobleman, his wife remarked to a mis- Chinese children, called "Happy Child- sionary: "Since he joined that Assohood." This is a work which, tho un· ciation he has treated me kindly for the sought for, is very much after her own first time in our married life." This heart. She was invited to manage the whirlwind campaign brought in 654 new paper by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the members. founder of Everyland, in her recent visit to Shanghai. The expenses are guar- The Oberlin Shansi Mission anteed by the Women's Boards of the United States. Mrs. MacGillivray thinks T HE American Board has a prosand prays continually about it, and when perous work in North China, which one thinks of the millions of children is known as the Shansi Mission, and is who might be benefited by such a paper, the product of Oberlin missionary zeal the possibilities of good are simply and beneficence. From the first it has staggering. She has secured a Chinese been manned by Oberlin representations, artist, who works up suggestions in and supported as well by Oberlin money. native fashion, and is proving a great A few weeks since, in the college chapel, help. "Shansi Day" was kept, with a returned missionary present to make an appeal, A Chinese Cycle.Corps and subscriptions were called for, with the result that within a few minutes more REV. G. P. LITTLEWOOD, of the than $3,000 were pledged. London Missionary Society in A Chine.e Newspaper Competition Shantung, has harnessed the motor-cycle to his work, and organized his preachers THE Rev. Dr. John Darrouch is the into a cycle-corps. He secured some , authority for an interesting story of second-hand cycles in Tientsin. Each preacher has paid for his own, and they the effect of the war on the Chinese have lear1!-ed to ride very quickly. A mind. A Chinese editor promoted a journey that formerly took all day by problem competition on the most novel lines. He said to his, readers, "We read

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WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS in the foreign papers that the Czar, the with persons of education and influence German Emperor, and the British King in the town. In conclusion, the Chris- each went to their temple to pray. While tianization of Japan is no holiday task; these countries have different modes of indeed, it is certain to be a long and worship they aU worship the same God. severe campaign." How could God answer all those prayel~?" That was the conundrum he A Christian Manufacturer and placed before his readers and offered Philanthropist one hundred doUars for the best solution, which he stipulated should not be sar- MR. M. OHARA, of Kurashiki, Okacastic. yama Prefecture, who, since the death of Juji Ishii, has become the official JAPAN-K9REA nead of Okayama Orphanage, is in many respects a remarkable man. Thirty-four Needs of the Church in Japan years of age, the second wealthiest man in Okayama Prefecture, the sales from I Na thoughtful article in The Christian whose rice fields annually amount to Work; President Harada of the 50,000 bushels, the largest shareholder Doshisha points out some of the problems and president of two cotton mills, the which seem to him to confront the Chris- owner of a good part of the wealthy tian Church in Japan, as follows: and thriving town of Kurashiki, possest of a keen business intellect, a man of "One of the most imperative problems the strictest probity, and of higher ideals is· the unification of the various branches in business and social relations than most of the Church. The expansion of Chris- of his associates, a practical reformer, tian education is the second urgent need. an astute judge of men, and, in his best Thirty years ago Christian higher edu- moments, a believer in God and a seeker cational institutions could compare fa- after spiritual verities, his is an intervorably with the corresponding grade of esting personality. government institutions in both equipment and work, and Christian girls' Some ten years ago he became a warm schools were admittedly in the front friend and admirer of Mr. Ishii, by rank. Meanwhile, however, government whom he was induced to study, the Bible and public schools have advanced a hun- and believe in Christianity. He was dred paces, while Christian schools have baptized in Ig07. His faith takes a practaken but two or three faltering steps. tical and ethical, rather than a contem- Japan needs more teachers and scholars plative or spiritual direction. He is of the highest character and scholarship rarely seen at church, and thus far from abroad. Japan needs also to be prefers to use his wealth for the social visited by Christians of less specialized betterment of the public, rather than for training-men of standing in the busi- religious causes, in the strict sense 0 f ness and political worlds, leaders in in- that word. dustry and applied science. . . . There is need for the Christian forces to pay The European War in Japanese Eyes more attention to promoting international peace. . . . The time has come for a A RECENT editorial by the editor of large proportion of missionaries to be a Japanese magazine deplores the sent into the interior, out into the towns monstrous eruption of inhumanity in and villages of ten or fifteen thousand Europe, states its cause, places the reinhabitants. They should live with the sponsibility, and cites the remedy. As people like parish priests, knowing them to the character of the European erupin their most intimate needs, and estab- tion, he says : "Western nations had for lishing lifelong friendships, especially th'e most part assumed an oversight of

their smaller neighbors, and an attitude "Bible-Pockets" in Korea of dictatorial superiority to the nations of the East, until the latter at least had BIBLE study in Korea has been emcome to believe that the Occident had phasized as in no other field, so that no doubt of its own excellence. it becomes. part of the intellectual equip- ment of every Christian who is normally "The story of it is one for which the constituted. Before baptism each candiwhite races must blush with ignominy date is expected to read the life of Christ and shame forever. For destruction of as found in one or more Gospels, and invaluable and irreparable treasure, for to be so familiar with its. facts that he waste of vast sums gathered from the can stand a rigorous examination. The unrequited toil of millions, for unloosing Bible has been the book in the training of the fiercest passions and the gratifica- of the native pastorate, and the Bible tion of greed and lust, and for the sow- text, rather than lesson-helps and coming of inhuman enmities never to be for- mentaries, is the great underlying foungotten, this Europe'an horror has no pre- dation of Korea's famous Sundaycedent in all the savagery of the past. schools. But ,best of all, it has become Here we see what Europe can do when part and parcel of the Christian. It has it gives free rein to its subconscious even introduced a convenience in dress, self." The national costume had no pockets, But the Korean s'imply must carry his Six Million Unevangelized Women Bible with him. At first he used to wrap it and his hymn-book in a napkin which OF the 34 graduates of the Lambuth he held in his hand or slung over his ,Memorial Bible Woman's Training shoulder. Influenced by his American School, Kobe, 22 are now working as teachers, he extemporized a pocket in evangelists, 5 are wives of preachers, 5 his jacket, the first one known to the are married to Christian laymen, oue is natives, and hence still called the "Bible studying in the Woman's University at pocket."-The Continent. Tokyo, and one is at home with her mother. Social conditions' are such in Systematic Soul-Winning in Korea Japan that the sending of these young women out after graduation without mis- KOREA is known as a mission field sionary women to supervise them is at- in which definite SOUl-winning is tended with the very gravest dangers. emphasized as' a necessary part of every The efficiency of these women would be Christian's life. A missionary thus demore than trebled by the wise leadership scribes some of the methods of personal of godly women missionaries. Is it pos- work used by the Korean Christians. sible that we look to our Church in "Soon after my arrival I was assigned America in vain for such women? Is it to do visiting in certain homes, and a really known and has it sunk down into little book was given me containing the our consciousness that there are 6,000,- names' of each believer. On each page 000 unevangelized women in the ten was a second name, and when I asked provinces in which the Japan mission of what that meant I was informed that the M, E. Church, South, works? Surely that was the name of the unbelieving this is not known or else it has not taken woman for whom this believing woman hold of the Church, for we beli~ve there had promised to work and pray until she would be a quick and hearty response became a Christian. I was also reto so ,great a need. We have now only quested as soon as one had become a two single women evangelistic mission- Christian to put her name in another aries for this great task. place and have the first sister decide on another for whom she would work and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

pray. Many of them have been marked BRITISH ISLES off and others put in their places. Pretty definite llersonal work, is it not?" Salvationists in Khaki Japanese Report on Korea SOME 20 yeilrs ago, the late General Booth organized a Naval and Mili- A GREAT testimony to the influence tary League, to provide facilities for of Christianity in Korea was given mutual fellowship between Salvationists through the report of the Japanese Gov- in the army and navy. Now, in war ernment. After it complained of the time, at something like 120 military weakness of Buddhism it said: "Chris- centers up and down the kingdom, Saltianity, on the contrary, has' won much vation .Army officers are ministering to in influence during the last years. Chris- the varying needs of the troops. One tian missions are not only active in circumstance which makeS' the work of evangelization of the nation, but they are the Army differ from all other efforts of also very busy and successful in medical the kind, is the important share which and educational efforts, and through this women are allowed to take in it. Most they win great confidence among the of the Salvation Army stations are in people. The report gives the number of charge of married officers, and the in- Catholic Christians to be 80,000, and fluence of the women, who "mother" the that of Protestants 360,000. There are soldiers, correspond for them with their here more than 1,000 native pastorS', and parents and wives and sweethearts, do a large number of the Christian congre- bits of mending for them, and advise gations are self-supporting; 30,000 pupils them in numerous ways, has been of are in the mission schools. peculiar value.

Fifty Years in Formosa On the Continent, too, the Salvation Army is' doing much to alleviate the lot T HE year 1915 will be the jubilee of of the men in action. Since the end of modern Protestant missionary effort November, five motor ambulance cars, so far as the island of Formosa is con- purchased and equipped out of money cerned, for it was in the year 1865 that (£2,500) raised entirely by Salvationists, the English Presbyterian mission started and manned exclusively by Salvationist work there. Some earlier work was drivers and orderlies, have been busily done in the seventeenth century by the engaged at the front, and have received Dutch, who traded there in that period. the warmest commendation from the They built churches and sent out clergy- military authorities. men to preach to the Dutch colonists and the natives; but in 1682 the island Successful Advertising for Missions became a part of the Chinese Empire, and the work that had been done by the THE Wesleyan Missionary Society in Dutch clergymen was lost si~ht of. In Great Britain has proved the value 1865 the English Presbyterians entered of newspaper advertising in a comparathe island, and in 1872 the Canadian tively new field. The Society has to Presbyterians joined them. raise annually nearly £170,000, and this year, owing to the war and the calls for The island is' characterized by much philanthropy upon the nation, the comnatural beauty: hence its name Formosa mittee feared that a deficit might result. (Portuguese-beautiful.) In 1895 it They adopted certain expedients known was c~ded to Japan by treaty with China, to the organizer, and stimulated an in- and since then missionary work has been creased amount of giving; but even s'o, conducted with fewer t..estrictions than the year seemed to be closing without the formerly. Society obtaining the amount which had been budgeted. Some of the keen busi-

ness men on the' committee proposed that Germans in British Colonies F an advertising campaign should be com- IFTEEN different German Mission societies labor in the British colonies. menced in the Methodist journals. They amI their friends raised a special fund Before the war they employed 499 mis- for the purpose and the scheme was set sionaries and 94 unmarried lady misgoing. As a result, the Society has sionaries; the number of native Chris- closed its year with the whole of the tians converted through these societies sum necessary to meet the budgeted ex- is 4I9,070. The continuation of the penditure. German missions in British territories is THE CONTINENT doubtful. Some papers, especially in South Germany, are very strongly op- French Missions in Need posed to the spending of German money T HB Societe des Missions Evange- for work ,in British territory. The Ger- liques de Paris finds itself in such man mission is a work of three genera- financial straits because of the war, that tions, and it has demanded very great it has appointed Rev. E. A. Ford, of its sacriiices.-Evangelischcs. M issions-Ma- Kongo Mission~ to raise funds in the gazin.

United States. Mr. Ford was a mission- Work for Prisoners of War A ary of the American Presbyterian Board MONG the prisoners in Germany, near Magdeburg, is an Anglican for twenty years in its West African Mission, but when the Baraka station, priest, the Rev. B. O'Rourke. This in the French Kongo, wrere he was, was group of prisoners is a very mixed comturned over to the French society, Mr. pany, made up of soldiers from all parts Ford became associated with that or- of the allied armies, but they seem very ganization. M. Casalis, Secretary of the friendly together and are taking the opsociety, in his' article in the April Reviezc; . portunity of learning each other's lanon the effects of the war on their work, guages. A large dormitory has been told of' the sacrifices made by African made into a chapel, where they have no Christians in order to maintain the work, less than three altars-one for the Rusand Mr. Ford quotes the example of the sians, one for the Roman Catholics, and native evangelist at Baraka, who was a one for the Anglicans. The English little slave-boy, given to the mission- choir is quite good, the choirmaster being aries by a native trader more than fifty an officer in the artillery. Mr. O'Rourke years ago, and who has spent his entire and the Roman Catholic priest are studylife in the service of the mission. ing'theology together, and they use each Monsieur Hermann writes: "I have other's robes and vestments. A correscut off the salaries of two catechists, pondent also tells us that the Roman and the Mpongwe and Fang churches Catholics in Rouen are giving the use will try to give them, if not their entire of two of their churches for Anglican pay, at least enough to live on. I was very much touched by ou~ station cate- services.

chist, Iguwe, who is paid entirely by the Bibles for Soldiers F Mpongwe Church, and who receives $7 ROM Petrograd Dr. Kean, the Bible Society's agent, sends interesting a month. After I had explained the situation to the elders of the church, particulars of the war distribution of asking them to undertake also the sup- the Scriptures in Russia. "A Russian port of one of the catechists among the committee has been formed, with Baron Fang, he offered of his own accord to Nicolay as its secretary, to give away give up $2 of his monthly wage, if the Gospels among troops at the front, For church could not rais'e the full amount." sick and wounded soldiers we are supply-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ing as many copies as are needed free The Presbyterian Board of Foreign of charge. In cities like Petrograd, Missions (U. S. A.) shows a surplus for Moscow, Kieff, and Samara, these are the year of $~o,ooo, in addition to delivered to the hospitals, and placed in $160,000 subscribed to the deficit.of 1914. the hands of the patients by members of The total receipts for all purposes during our own staff; at less acces'Sible places the year were $2,427,ooo-the largest in they are distributed through the officials the Board's history-except when the of the Russian Red Cross Society. A Kennedy Fund was received. This detachment of the United States Red Board has provided for the sending out Cross passing through Petrograd on its of 60 new missionaries. way t6 Kieff took charge of a supply of Gospels for distribution. Baron Nic- According to the New York Times, olay's committee also undertakes to visit $75,000,000 was spent in missionary work hospitals, and to put into the hands of during the year 1914-1915, $20,000,000 sick and wounded soldiers the Gospels of which was spent for foreign missions presented by our Society.:' and $55,000,000 for home missions.

NORTH AMERICA In response to our inquiries, most of the Mission Boards state that they have War and the Financial Situation made no change in their policies as to appropriations or the sending of new EIGHT months after the unpreceden- missionaries. The ranks are being filled ted disturbance of the business and up-except in Turkey-and new recruits financial world by the beginning of the .sent so far as men and funds are avail- European war, it is interesting to note able. "N0 retreat" is the cry sounded that Christians in America have gener- forth to the churches. Some, the ally continued their missionary gifts, in Southern Baptists, have even been calladdition to their contributions to the Bel- ing for an.'advance movement. gians', Persians, and Red Cross work. Few lines of business, not engaged in The comparative incomes for the leadhandling war supplies or news publish- ing mission boards for last year and this ing, could show such a record. year show an inspiring response to the call for "no retreat."

Last Year This Year Increase Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (North)t .. $1,885,624 $2,051,747 $166,123:1: Presbyterian Board, Home Missions (North)t. . . . .. 1,381,066 1,441,427 60,361 Methodist Board Foreign Missions (North),t October 1,482,528 1,588,755 106,227 Methodist Board Home Missions (North), October.. 782,405 2,093 Methodist Board of Missions, Foreignt (South)…. 922,440 784,498 140,530'" Methodist Board of Missions, Hornet (South)…… 377,172 861,910 6,574* Presbyterian F. M. Committee (South), January…. 637,351 370,598 76,443* Presbyterian Home Missions Committee (South)… 168,670 560,908 1,104* American Baptist Foreign Mission Society………. 1,110,793 167,566 143,475:1: American Baptist Home Mission Society………… 555,047 1,364,268 8,123 Southern Baptist Convention F. M. Board.. . . . . . . . . . . 587,458 646,924 50,385 American Board C. F. M. (7 months, to March 31st) 336,575 537,073 23,670 360,246 *Decrease. tlncIuding Women's Boards. ;J:lncluding gifts t(} deficit.

Baptist Foreign Mission Finances gross budget income for the year exceed- ed that of the previous year by $36,087, T HE American Baptist Foreign Mis- of which $33,946 came from churches, sion Society closed one of the most Sunday-schools, and young people's sodifficult years of its history (March 31st) cieties. The total expenditure~' compared with a debt of only $~3,I6I.07. The

with those of the previous year were in- thousand communicants, which was pro- creased only $3,000. Under all circum- ductive of striking results, financial, stances, the results are most gratifying. social and spiritual. Only two persons The deficit was due to decreases in re- were found in the parish who declined ceipts from legacies, matured annuity to give anything. Nearly three hun- bonds, and individual donations. The dred persons who never gave system- splendid advance by the churches was atically to anything. before have now not sufficient to overcome these handi- pledged themselves for both the parish caps. Efforts are now being made to and missions. The amount pledged to raise the small deficit before the Con- missions has been increased from $r,300 vention meets at Los Angeles. to $2,700, and the contributions for parish support have, at the same time. Previous to the close of the year con- been nearly doubled. The workers in siderable publicity was given to some Nashville feel that such a campaign is features of the preliminary estimates of a thoroughly efficient and businesslike the budget for the new year, particularly method of dealing with missionary supthe reduction of approximately $roo,ooo port and interest. They say, "Our that seemed necessary in foreign-field King calls us to scheme and plan and appropriations. The increas'e in incorne work. He tells us to set the biggest over the preceding year, especially in brains we have to devise the best receipts from churches, might have jus- methods to carry out the biggest work tified a material increase over the figures He has ever given men to do; to carry of the preliminary budget. Two factors, it out with the least waste, and to go however, led the Board to decide that it into such detail about it that every was inexpedient to add to the authorized man, woman and child shall have a expenditures for the new year. share in it, and feel re.sponsibility for it.

1. The debt from last year w.ould ab- sorb practically the entire gain in the College Mission Study Classes gifts of the churches. 2. A study of the I several sections of the income shows T is exhilarating to note the increasing interest being taken by college men that in some of them reductions appear certain. Under these circumstances, the in foreign missionary undertakings. In- Board reluctantly concluded to adhere quiries are coming to us from new in- to the figures of the preliminary budget. stitutions and concerning all kinds of Some relief on the field is secured by the missionary enterprises. A letter from transfer to foreign-field appropriations the president of one of the leading state of $10,000 saved from home expendi- agricultural colleges of the country re- tures by the resignation of General Sec- ports that six or eight juniors and retary Hunt, Foreign Secretary Baldwin, seniors have asked that a class be formed and Vice-Treasurer Barnes. This trans- for the study of agricultural missions, fer permits the return of about six or and requests to be put in communication eight missionary families out of 37 with those who can open up to them that whose furloughs have expired. subject. Again a class is formed of By this policy of a reduction in the students in a leading school of tech- budget the society may be safeguarded nology for the study of industrial mis- from chronic indebtedness. sion work, and aid is asked in present- ing to it the conditions of industrial life An Every-Member Canvass in mission lands and the efforts that are CHRIST CHURCH in Nashville, being made under missionary leaders to .J Tennessee, conducted in the autumn improve those conditions. The fact is, an every-member canvass among its. the eyes of our educated and thoughtful

young men are being turned to world lage, about one hundred miles from problems, and they are beginning to see Hammond, surrounded by a rich farm- the significance of the missionary enter- ing country. Evangelistic meetings, held prise in its effort to make better men in in a tent, and widely advertised through a better world.-Missionary Herald. the countryside, were attended by crowds, and not one night went by without con- Cooperation in City Missiona versions. There were I27 added-I22 THE New York City Missions Coun- adults, 98 baptisms. Every wife who cil of Manhattan, Richmond, and came in, except three, had the joy of the Bronx is an organization composed having her husband with her. of representatives of the leading Protes- On Sunday, nineteen days from the tant bodies carrying on city mission work beginning, about $7,000 was raised to within the three boroughs named. Its build immediately a $IO,OOO church. One purpose is defined by its constitution to of the converts-the man who owned the be-,—"to promote better understanding local elevator, and who founded the and acquaintance among those engaged town-donated the village park, and the in city missions and church extension_ new church will stand in the middle of work in New York City, with a view to the park.

securing the adoption of a common A Japanese Revival in Loa Angelea policy, and wherever practicable con- T certed action with reference to the prob- WENTY-FIVE years ago a young man of sixteen was driven from his lems which affect the interests of all alike, such as the evangelization of the home in an interior town in northern foreign population of the city; the loca- Japan because he believed in Vaso ting of new churches in undeveloped ( Jesus). Through the kindnes's of portions of the city; and the mainten- friendly missionaries he came to the ance of Christian work in difficult fields Moody Bible Institute in Chicago and where change of popUlation has made a fitted himself for a lay preacher. Re- change of methods desirable." turning to his native country full of pur- The Council has now been in exist- pose and hope, he tried to present Christ ence for more than a year, and among to his parents, who had driven him from the definite results accomplished are, the· home. Later he had the joy of seeing consolidation of the work of the Metho- his father and mother and two younger dists and the Baptists in Chinatown, brothers accept Christ. As he went about union services for Italians in the Bronx, in the towns and villages of Japan he and a conference of the different denomi- was often lovingly called the "Moody of nations carrying on work among Hun- Japan."

garians. Recently this same Japanese Christian; Plant a Church Every Year Rev. Mr. Kimura, a pastor now of a congregational church in Kyoto, held a T HE Christian Church" at Hammond, series' of special meetings among the Ind., some time ago, adopted the Japanese at Los Angeles. Fresh from a "Plant a Church a Year" program, and, campaign among the Japanese in Hono- for a number of years, has either planted, lulu, where it is said that more than or been instrumental in planting, a new 1,000 decided to become Christians, he .church each year. .Each of these came to Los Angeles to help in an inter- churches is alive and carrying on its denominational series of meetings, which work inits community. One church, for have led to a genuine revival among the example, was established in a small vil- Japanese resident~.

LATIN AMERICA of both church and school, with new laws to regulate religious and educational The Church and Patriotism in. Mexico institutions. Some missionaries believe that the outcome will be a great move- T HE author of a pamphlet entitled ment towara Jesus Christ. Others, like "The Religious Question in Mexico," Don Alyandro Trevino, a gifted ,preacher which is quoted in The Churchman, from Monterey, fear that the tendency repels as altogether false the charge that of the Roman Catholics will be to swing the Mexican revolutionists are hostile to from religious fanaticism to infidelity. the Church. The Spanish domination, he says, was always allied with the higher The Money.Lender'. Conversion official clergy and it is this element which he affirms is to-day working hand in hand MR. F. C. GLASS, representative of with the enemies of Mexican freedom. the British and Foreign Bible So- The lower clergy always championed the ciety in Brazil, tells the story of Samuel cause of the poor and the opprest, and Mello, a successful money-lender, who, native members of the Church led the through reading a Gospel which had been rebellion against the Spanish domina- given him, then reading Pilgrim's Progtion. Some of its most famous leaders ress, and finally hearing a sermon on belonged to the priesthood, but the The Rich Young Man, was led, step exalted Church dignitaries are a class by step, to a complete surtender of himby themselves. They represent Spanish self to Christ. The first and most pracrule and they are responsible for the tical evidence of his conversion was a policy by which Mexico was covered large sign posted on his place of busiwith convents and monasteries filled with ness: "No more loans on s.ecuiities. friars and nuns, the most part living in This business is in liquidation," and he idleness on the labors of the peons. They went straightforward from that hour. never displayed any consideration for He wound up his business with great the poor native clergy, many of thetl1 sacrifice, renounced doubtful things, and native Mexicans and Indians who helped gave himself, his family, and his all to the people and fought for them. God. His old friends thought him de- mented, but in reality he had "come to The Roman Church in Mexico is des- himself." cribed as a house divided against itself. It possesses no unity of purpose, it has Within three months he was preaching no honest desire to uplift, to educate the Gospel with wonderful freedom and and alleviate the needs and sorrows of convincing power, and the hall in Sao the masses. Paulo was nightly thronged with eager hearers. He became a man of prayer What is Coming in Mexico? and was mighty in the Scriptures; and he was an ardent winner of souls. His THERE is not only a political upheaval earnest, forceful presentation of truth in Mexico but a treriIendous religious proved irresistible, and souls were s'aved upheaval is taking place. This is seen whenever he spoke. He undertook sevin the pillaging of churches, the burnin~ eral evangelistic campaigns, conducting of "confessional boxes," the total. or services in the villages and towns with partial destruction of church edifices that much blessing, altho accompanied with much privation and hardship. . have been generations in building, the banishment of Roman Catholic leaders

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……… -.~ …….. ,..

RECENT BOOKS ON JAPAN ought to prevail between the two coun. tries. They are convinced that many REVIEWS BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. ,Americans do not understand the position of the Japanese, and that some preju- Japan is a subject of perennial in- dices have developed from this misunderterest to authors, and the reading public standing. The editor, therefore, says, shows no less interest in the volumes that he has collected the views of reprethat appear. The Su;rise Kingdom and sentative Japanese and made them acits people must be reckoned with not only cessible in the English language, in the in Far Eastern affairs but in many of hope that Americans who read the book the large world movements of the age. "will find out of their open-hearted spirit Among the many recent books, we wish the true Japan represented in it." to can special attention to four: Japan to America. Edited by Naoichi Japan To-day and To-morrow. By Ham- Masaoka. 12mo. 235 pp. $1.25, net. G. ilton Wright Mabie. 12mo. $2.00. The P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1915. Macmillan Co., New York, 1915. The well-known editor of The Out- This symposium on the relations be- tween Japan and the United States, look has given the result of his studies edited by Mr. Naoichi Masaoka, consists and impressions during his recent visit of papers by thirty-five writers, includ- to Japan. He writes in a charmingly ing Japanese statesmen like Count readable way of the background of Okuma, Viscount Kaneko, and others, Japan, the genius of Shinto, the cities of uniV!ersity presidents and professors, Tokyo and Kyoto, village homes and authors, heads of large business enter- people, the Inland Sea, theaters and prises, editors of leading journals, and plays, pilgrims and shrines, Nikko and leaders of the Christian Church. One PDrt Arthur, while the closing chapters reads the book with a gratification that give a fine portraiture of Count Okuma, is not unmingled with anxiety: gratifica- the Prime Minister, and describe three tion because of the warmth of friendli- stages of intercourse between Japan and ness which the writers manifest; anx- other countries. The book has that high iety because the undertone of a consider- literary quality which one has come to able number of these papers is one of expect from such a gifted writer as Dr. rankling injustice. Writer after writer Mabie. Its careful reading will do much gives more or less definite expression to to strengthen the friendly feeling which a conviction that the Japanese in Amer- the best Americans have for Japan, and ica are not being fairly treated, and that to give a deeper respect for its people. the Japanese nation has a just grievance against the United States which may The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada, lead to serious consequences unless the LL.D. 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Co. cause is removed. They mention this 1915. ' with sorrow, and they are at pains to emphasize in the strongest possible way This book, small in size, but large in the kindly feelings which they believe interest, consists of a series of lectures delivered on the Hartford-Lamson Foun- dation at Hartford Theological Semi-

nary. The author is one. of the most tian churches and missionary bodies distinguished of Japanese Christians, should accelerate their pace. The situa- and President of Doshisha University, tion in the whole Orient, in fact, con- Kyoto~ His object is to interpret to stitutes one of the most splendid oppor- European and American readers the tunities, and at the same time one of the spirit of Christianity as it is conceived gravest crises, in the whole history of by growing numbers of the Japanese, and the Church. With every passing year as it is finding expression in their lives, the opportunity is slipping farther from their churches and their literature. Dr. her grasp. I make bold to say that her Harada's viewpoint leads him to some victory or defeat in Japan will largely conclusions which seem odd to an Ameri- determine the future of Christianity in can reader, for he looks at Christianity the whole Far East." from a background of centuries of Buddhism and Shintoism. He shows us again A History of the Japanese People. .By what W. Petrie Watson showed at such Captain F. Brinkley. Maps and illustralength in his notable volume, "The tions. 8.vo. 784 pp. $4.50. Encyclopedia Future of Japan," that the Japanese Britannica Company, New Yark and Lonmind conceives of Christianity in some- don, 1915. what different terms from the Anglo- Saxon mind. The book is one that This is a notable contribution to hisshould be carefully studied by those who torical literature. Few men have wish to under~tand what ideas of Chris- equaled Captain Brinkley's knowledge of tianity most appeal to thoughtful Japan- Japan. He was for m;my years the ese and what forms of Christianity are editor of The Japan Mail, one of the developing among them. It is profounrl.- ablest and most influential of all the ly significant that this great Japanese foreign newspapers in Asia. He was a leader should close as follows: recognized authority on Far Eastern affairs. A Briton by birth and citizen- "In conclusion, it is important for ship, he lived so long in Japan that he everyone concerned to realize that the thoroughly understood its government Christianization of Japan is no holiday and people. He was a profound student task; indeed, it is certain to be a long of their history, a keen observer of and severe campaign. Since the time Japanese progress, and often the trusted when Christianity assimilated Greek adviser of goyernmentofficials. This thought and conquered R?man civiliza- volume is literally encyclopedic in its tion, it has never faced a task so stupen- scope and detail. Indeed, the word en-' dous as that of the conquest of the cyclopedic best describes both its value Orient. Japan, with all her progress in and its limitations.. The author begins the arts and crafts of civilization and all with the earliest times and comes down het friendliness toward Christian ethical to the end of the Meiji era. The volume standards, is far from being a Christian indicates an enormous amount of time nation. Yet, gigantic as are the internal and labor in research work, and no one forces arrayed against Christianity, the who wishes to have the most reliable Christian cohorts are daily growing in data regarding Japanese history will wish numbers and efficiency, and there are to miss it. The style and matter are those of an encyclopedia for reference multitudes of Nicodemuses needing only rather than a volume to be read with a crisis to bring them out into the open. enjoyment; but the purpose of the book The disquieting consideration is that the perhaps rendered this inevitable. tides of the new social and religious life are waiting for no man. To keep up Baron Kikuchi, former President of with these rapid movements, the 'Chris- the Imperial University of Tokyo, writes an appreciative introduction.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

OTHER VOLUMES working together for the furtherance of In Camp and Tepee. An Indian Mission certain purposes in eastern Asia and allied countries in the titanic world-con- Story. By Elizabeth M. Page. Illus- flict that has been precipitated by the trated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.00. Fleming European war. Those who are familia" H. Revell Co.. New York, 1915. with Stephen Grahams former writings about Russia and the Russians will turn We have heard much of the wrong with eager interest to this book. Graham of the Indians-the "Century of Dis- is a combination of wanderer, poet, honor" for the white man. Here is a mystic, nature-lover and humanity-lover. captivating story of the white mission- He has roamed, not only through many aries' efforts to right the wrongs of the parts of Russia, but into the vast and Red man by giving them both the mate- comparatively little known regions of rial and the spiritual benefit of Chris- Siberia and Eastern Asia. He is never tianity. so happy as when he is upon' the road, strolling among the common people, Mrs. Page gives a graphic account of looking into their homes, talking with one type of successful mission work- men, women and little children, and that at Colony, Oklahoma, where her entering into sympathy with their trials sister Mrs. Walter C. Roe and Dr. Roe and problems. Graham, altho a Scotchlabored so effectively. J':.1ohonk Lodge man, has lived long enough in Russia became, under their leadership, a com- to understand its language and to enter munity center for the Indians, a House into thorough sympathy with the life of of Industry, and a new birthplace for its common people. When the war broke many. out, he was in an Altai Cossack village on the frontier of Mongolia, twelve In this volume we have glimpses of hundred versts from the Siberian railthe sufferings of the Indians who were way, happy and carefree, as he usually deprived of their homes and sent to reser- is. This book is a study of the war and vations; of the devastation of mescal, a statement of the world-problems that and the efforts to teach the Indians the now confront Russia and Great Britain. true way. But the strength and interest Like some of his former books, the of the story is found in the personal chapters are not always closely connected histories of Indians who have found the and are of unequal value; but the book Light. Geronimo, the Apache chief; has that charm of thought and expres- Nahwatz and his adopted daughter. sion which we have learned to expect Dorothy; Periconic, the converted from Stephen Graham. It throbs with mescal man, and Henry Roe Cloud, the the human element. Winnebago boy. The stories of these redeemed Red men give courage to The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb. I1workers among the Indians, 'for they lu~trated. 8vo. 301 pp. $1.50, net. Pilreveal the methods that have proved gnm Press, Boston, 1914. effective, and the results that abide. The narrative is of unusual human interest, and is most entertaining as well as instructive.

Russia and the World. By Stephen Gra- Turkey is attracting much attention in h1a9m1~. 8vo. $2.00. The Macmillan Co~ these days which may mark the dying struggles of a once powerful Empire. TjIe whirligig of time makes some Mr. Cobb, as a result of three years among the Turks, has given us here a strange revolutions. Ten years ago, clever picture of the country and people, the business conditions; Turkish women Russia and Japan were bitter enemies and home life; Turkish schools' in con- trast to American educational instituengaged in a life-and-death struggle fa; the NmoarsttheryPaco'fificKoSreeaa~. MNaonwch, utrhiae~ and the are

[June tions; Islam, the inner life and outward Around the World with Jack and Janet. A Study of Missions. By Norma R. observances., He closes with an appeal Waterbury. Illustrated. 12mo. Paper for education, for world peace, and the cover. Central Comq1ittee on the United brotherhood of man. Mr. Cobb believes Study of Foreign Missions, West Medin the Turk and likes him, so that he ford, Mass., 1915. Home Missions and the Social Quesgives a picture of the better side of his tion. By M. Katharine Bennett. 18 nature. The author does not believe that cents. Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, 1915. Christianity is making progress against Rising Churches in Non-Christian Islam, because he can not find numerous Lands. A Discussion of the Native Church. By Arthur J. Brown. Cloth, 60 converts. He fails to see the undermining cents; paper, 40 cents. Missionary Edu- process which is making the whole Mos- cation Movement, New York, 1915. lem system totter. and will ultimately The Churches at Work. A Statement of the Work of the Church in the Local cause it to fall. . He is destined to meet Community and the Relation of the In- with a surprize such as is astonishing dividual Thereto. By Charles L. White.

those who thought that Chinese and Cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents. Misothers could not be converted. Mr. Cobb sionary Education Movement, New York, 1915.

is an advocate of the reformation of old Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary Fundamentals, Including the MiSSIOnary religions rather than the regeneration Message of the Bible, Service, Giving, of mankind. He sees the benefits of and Prayer. By W. E. Doughty. Cloth, temporal ministrationS', but hCl,s no sense 25 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1915. to test the need for spiritual transforma- Comrades in Service. Twelve Brief tion, or the 'power that can accomplish Biographies of Persons who have Spent their Lives in Service. For young men it. and women seventeen to twenty years of Christian Missions in Madagascar. By age. By Margaret E. Burton. Cloth, 60 E. O. McMahon. Illustrated. 12mo. 179 cents; paper, 40" cents. Missionary Edu- pp. 2s., net. S. P. G., London, 1914. cation Movement, New York, 1915.

Australia's Greatest Need. By J. W .. S. John Williams the Shipbuilder. A Biog- raphy of John Williams of the South Tomlin. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. 25., Sea Islands. By Basil Mathews. Cloth, nct. S. P. G., London, 1914. 60 cents; paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. Study books are increasing in number and in popularity. These have been pre~ A Study of a Rural Parish. A Tested Method for Making a Survey of a Rural pared especially for Anglican study cir- Parish. By Ralph A. Felton. Cloth, cles, but are of value for the general 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- reader since they are written with knowl- ment, New Yark, 1915. Jesus Among His Friends. By Ethel Cutedge and insight. ArcHdeacon McMahon ler. 32 pp. 15 cents. National Board has the advantage of having been for – Y. W. C. A., 600 Lexington Avenue, New York,1915. many years a missionary in Madagascar, Through Unknown Nigeria. By J. R.

and gives a graphic picture of the great Raphael. 360 pp. Paper, 15s., net. Werisland under pagan, native Christian ner Laurie, London, 1915. The Arya Samaj: An Account of its Aims, imd French rule. Doctrine, and Activities, with a bio- . Principal Tomlin also writes from. graphical sketch of the Founder. By first hand knowledge of Australia, and Lajpat Rai. With a preface by Professor calls loudly to Christians in England for Sidney Webb. 305 pp. 55., net. Long- mans, London, 1915.

financial help in church development. Children of Wild Ausralia. By H. Pitts.

90 pp. Is. 6d., net. Oliphant, London, NEW BOOKS 1915. , How China's Leaders Received the Gos- The King's Highway. A Study of Pres- pel. . By G. Sherwood Eddy. 29 pp.

ent Conditions on the Foreign Field. By Prepaid, per hundred, $3.00; dozen,' 50 Helen Barrett Montgomery. Illustrated. cents; 5 cents each. The International 12mo. 272 pp. Paper, 30 cents; cloth, 50 Committee, 124 East 28th Street, New cents. Central COIl).mittee on the United York City, 1915.

Study (1f Foreign Missions, West Med- The Inch Library. (9 booklets to set.) ford, Mass., 1915. National Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1911

HUNDRED AND EIGHTY~SIX CANDIDATES ON THEIR WAY TO BAPTISM, IJ..OILO, PHILIPPINE

THE JARO CHAPEL AND CONGREGATION, ILOILO THE GHOWING CHUHCH IN THE PHILIPPINES

C£he dM{ss{onary CJ(e~iew

of the World VOL. XXXIV. No.1 JANUARY, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No.1 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES FACTS AND FIGURES FOR 1910 cumulation of greater power to over- The outstanding missionary facts of come them. He is leading on and His the past year are ably presented by Dr. people are learning to follow more Julius Richter on another page. No unquestioningly and more closely. The student of missions can fail to see statistics for the past year (see table signs of awakening in the Church at facing page 8) give evidence of in- home on the subject of the Christian's creasing gifts to missions in spite of duty to the world and the need of commercial unrest. In America the greater energy and cooperation. We increase amounted to nearly $600,000, also note with thanksgiving the evi- and in the past ten years the income of dences of. the power of God on the the societies has nearly doubled. In mission fields, and believe that many England the increase last year was workers are coming to realize more about $1,500,000, an amount similar to definitely that the world must be won the increase in America a year ago.

by the Spirit of God using His chosen The German societies report an in- and submissive instruments and re- crease this year of $100,000, and last generating the hearts of men. year of $220,000. The totals for the There are mighty difficulties in the Christian world give an increase in way both at home and abroad-the gifts from home churches amounting worldliness, absorption in business and to $2,280,000, while a year ago the in- pleasure, the prevalent unbelief in the crease was only $1,500,000. Surely Word of God and neglect of evan- the work of the laymen, women and gelical preaching in churches and mis- young people is having some effect.

sions. On the field there are the Of the individual societies, some obstacles presented by the unrest of show a decrease, while substantial the awakening nations, the eager de- gains are reported by the Southern mand for material and mental products Baptists, Disciples of Christ, Meth- oE civilization without the Gospel of odist Episcopal Church, Presbyterian Christ and its requirements, the oppo- Church (South), Canada Presby- sition of worldly-minded travelers and terians, English C. M. S., Primitive merchants, and the inefficiency of mis- Methodists, China Inland Mission, guided or poorly equipped missionaries United Free Church of Scotland, -those lacking in mental training, Leipsic Society, and others.

practical ability and spiritual power. The income from the fields has in- Because the work is God's work creased nearly $300,000, a proportion these obstacles will only mean the ac- greater than at home.

There were added last year to the representative Parliament, and the native mission churches nearly 140,000 Senate has asked to inaugurate a new communicants, or about 2,800 a week. constitutional cabinet after the Chinese Schools and pupils also report gains. New-year (February). There are The showing is not sufficiently en- rumors of the retirement of Prince couraging to produce any feeling of Ching as Prime Minister, and if this elation, but wherever the seed is occurs it may mean still more rapid being planted in faith and love, and is strides in reform. watered by constant prayer and cultivated with patient care, there is cer- Rev. E. W. Thwing, of Peking, tain to be a harvest. sends word that on December 2 the anti-opium bill passed the new Chi- THE UNREST IN EGYPT ;0 nese Parliament that total prohibi- The situation in Egypt is still critical. According to the London Standard, all tion is to take effect this year. They the parties antagonistic to the British ask for cooperation of all friends of occupation, whose dissensions and di- China. China has been aroused to versity of object have diminished their send a monster petition to England to power, are making a serious attempt free China immediately from opium to join forces. The Nationalist party treaties. Mr. Thwing also says that has been split into two bitter factions the British are pressing a new opium as the result of a lawsuit for the pos- agreement to continue the sale of session of At Lewa, the official organ. British opium until 1917. The Chi- The Party of the People is more nese are strongly opposed to this and powerful than either of these factions, desire immediate prohibition. for it is supported by more important men, politically, socially, and finan- This is the outcome of the fiftieth cially. Its official organ, At Gareedah, anniversary of the treaty permitting shows a sympathy with reform, and the sale of opium, which was forced with the New Islam, but it has been on Chi~a by the British opium wars. noticeable for its bitterness against the Encouraged by the support of the Khedive for his friendly relations with people of Great Britain and the the British agency. A call to prayer churches of the world, and by Presis sent out by the missionaries, and we ident Taft's call of an "International should ask wisdom for the authorities Conference for the Suppression of in the difficult task of governing, also Opium" ; aroused also by Great for the missionaries and the native Britain's acceptance of this call only Christians. on condition that its agreement with China about opium shall not be dis- THE NEW CHINESE PARLIAMENT cust, China's new Parliament began its history with an appeal to Great China is moving with increasing Britain for release from the opium momentum and at the same time with treaty, followed three weeks later by an idea of direction and purpose. Al- opium prohibition. The world should ready the people have become im- support China in its brave stand patient of the delay in calling a fully against the great menace to her moral and material progress.

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM

FROM MONTREAL, CANADA, TO KOBE, JAPAN BY REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON} D.D.

The overland journey from Mon- whole population. The fisheries are treal to Vancouver is not one replete immense in extent and value.· And, with incident. Some things are indeed, every form of human industry worth noticing, however. First of all, here finds adequate field with ample the amazing and almost incredible recompense. rapidity of growth noticeable in Canada. In 1871, for instance, Win- Another, perhaps the strongest and nipeg had one hundred inhabitants; most overwhelming conviction, is that now, 134,000. Here is a growth, in of vastness. We recalled an Englishabout forty years, more than thirteen man's attempted description, who, hundredfold. One can almost see after crossing the continent and going towns and cities growing. A railroad from north to south, bounded it in his station, with a primitive post-office, a original fashion as "on the east by the grain elevator or a pile of lumber, with sutlrise, on the north by the pole, on a few rude hamlets, and perhaps a the south by the equator, and on the small church building, mean a new west by the Day of Judgment l" But settlement, a center of harvest fields, Dal'liel Webster's famous saying also or mining operations, or lumber recurs to mind. After a considerable camps; and, by a twelvemonth more, journey westward, as far as facilities no one can tell what increase there of travel in his day justified, he came will be. Of what immense importance back, saying that four words exprest to guide and mold these incipient com- his impressions of the United States: munities and commonwealths at the "Abundance, luxury, decline, desolabeginning! As on the famous "water- tion," meaning, of course, that the shed" of the continent which we pass, peril besetting the land was that the a hand might divert a stream to either wealth of our resources and possibilof two oceans at will, just here destiny ities might tempt us to luxurious inis being determined for good or evil; dulgence, until our virility and virtue and one godly man or woman may do were sacrificed, and desolation was much to shape it for time and eternity. the ultimate outcome. From this la- Society is here plastic, waiting to re- mentable result nothing can save us ceive impressions. but the fear of God and the restraints of a godly civilization. Another feature is variety of resource. Here is the granary of the The American people are not awake world-vast grain fields of tens of to the imperative and instant need thousands of acres, that are without a of home missions. Sunday-schools, fence, and must be sown, reaped, and churches, Christian homes, in these inharvested by machinery. They are too cipient empires, along the lines of the vast for a human hand to attempt to transcontinental railways, might mean cultivate, and the laborers are too few. more than any arithmetic can measure Here are mineral and metallic treas- of development for the Kingdom of ures enough to enrich the world; and God. To prevent evil from getting lumber adequate for the wants of its such foothold as that it can not be dis- lodged, and, in its stead, establish

evangelical Christianity, might save than we have seen elsewhere. Throngs many a recently-planted germ of a vil- of devotees were going to and fro, in lage or city from becoming a formid- ceaseless procession. It is, perhaps, able and fruitful center of the deviI's the most interesting sight in Tokyo. In activities. * front of the shrine is a nearly-square Firat Glimpse of JII-pan box, about four feet high, with parallel strips running across it, with sloping Japan is a Pantheon. If there is sides which leave a narrow opening religious liberty here, it is largely the for coins to slip through. There is a tolerance of indifference. Here Bud- ceaseless clatter of small gifts, as they dhism, Confucianism, Shintoism and fall into the receptacle below; but no other faiths occupy the ground to- worshiper offers a petition until he gether, and without conflict, some has deposited his offering_ It is not people holding all at once without con- pray and then give, but give and then scious inconsistency. Shrines of pray-an instructive lesson for us all, Buddha are everywhere, but there is where the order is like that in the practical worship of ancestors, ana of seventy-second Psalm: the Mikado, and Shinto priests meet you at every turn. "To Him shall be given of the gold of At the Temple of Kwannon, in Sheba; Tokyo, in the district of Asaxuga, the "thousand-handed Goddess of Mercy," "Prayer shall be made for Him conwe saw more real heathen worship tinually." (Verse IS.) It is really very affecting to see the crowds that come to this shrine, and * In one thing the enterprising Canadian Pacific to hear the endless rattle of their gifts Railway might make a marked improvement. There on the bottom of the box, or rather, on the pile of small coins already was but one "observation car" for all tirst-class covering it. Dr. Imbrie says that they passengers. Its entire accommodations, including do not pray here for great things, but open corridor platform at the rear, were capable at practically for good luck. If a man is holding some thirty-two passengers, inside and going to build a house, take a journey, out. Of these seats, three-quarters were quite plant a garden, or enter upon any habitually usurped by men, and, of these men, project, great or small, he comes here usually the maj ority were smokers, who indulged to get the favor of Kwannon before their likings for tobacco without apparently much, he ventures. if any, heed to the discomfort of others; so that those whose nostrils and stomachs could not abide Close by the shrine, on the right "the fragrant weed" were compelled to seek a hand, is an ugly wooden idol that is place elsewhere. It is no interference with the either of black wood, or black with proper rights of others when we claim that volun- age. It stands about three feet high, tary smoking should not compel involuntary smok- on a low pedestal, and easily acing. If an observation-car is intended for all first- cessible. The worshipers rub their class tourists, it is scarcely fair that it be made hands on the hands and face of the practically uninhabitable for even the minority, by idol, and then pass them over their those who indulge their likings at the expense of own; and the features of the image their fellow travelers. Nor can we see how any are obliterated by this endless rubman can claim to be a gentleman who, without bing, until the face is simply an oval even an apology, or an inquiry as to whether his ball of wood and all finger divisions habits are agreeable or offensive to others, lights his cigar or pipe, and proceeds to smoke in their faces. We found it necessary, as none of our little party can abide tobacco smoke, to take our "observations" from the windows of our own compartments; and many others, like its, did ,the same. Smoking is getting so recklessly universal that even the dining rooms of the best hotels are practically smoking rooms where not only the atmosphere hut all your food has more or less of a tobacco ftavorl-A. T. P.

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM ASIA

on the hands are destroyed. Little plants, and others with metallic ones, children are constantly reaching up to gleaming in the sun. The body was in rub the idol's face and hands. The a white wood coffin, carried in a practise of rubbing this idol must be hearse–the only modern feature in responsible for the spread of not a the whole procession, corpses being few contagious diseases, as it is to commonly borne to the grave on the the last degree unsanitary. Beside the shoulders of carriers, and in a sitting shrine is a sort of booth for fortune posture, enclosed in a square box tellers who, for a trifling sum, fling to similar in shape to a tea-chest, and not the buyer from the end of a rod a roll very much larger. The principal male of paper, supposed to contain prognos- heir walked alone, immediately behind tications concerning his future, framed the bier, the others following on foot, with the usual adroitness and am- and the women in carriages. About biguousness which accommodate the fifty men bore living trees, five or six forecast to almost any event or ex- feet high, with roots wrapt in burlap, perience. Here, also, are tanks of to plant around the grave; three huge holy water to use for the sanctifying cages, about ten feet high, containing of the person, one of a score of fea- birds to be set free at the burial; tures of Buddhism that compel the and dozens of jinrikishas completed conclusion. that Rotnanism has either the funeral cortege, with friends of borrowed many current customs from the deceased. In the middle of the Buddha or reversely. The images procession were the bearers of sundry worshiped, which so often represent a Buddhist symbols, the meaning of woman with a child, enable the Romish which we could not ascertain. Dr.

proselyte readily to accept the homage Chappell estimated the cost of such a to the "blessed Virgin," without any display at 5,qoo yen ($2,500); and essential change in his idolatrous no- conjectured that it was the. funeral, tions or practises. Similarly of the not of a Government official or munic- rosary, etc. ipal dignitary, but of a millionaire In Tokyo we saw another most merchant, who had amassed a fortune interesting sight-a monster funeral in the Australian fisheries, and made procession. Dr. Chappell, of the Meth- friends by that potent god, Mammon.

odist compound, who was with us, said Milllionaries and Mission Work that, in all his years in Japan, he had Of the noble mission work carried seen nothing that equalled it, for mag- on in the Sunrise Kingdom, we have nitude and magnificence of display. It much to record hereafter, when per- may have been a mile long. The pro- sonal inquiry and observation enable cession moved two by two, except the one to write more accurately and in- chief mourners, who walked in single telligently. One thing is lamentable file. First, were perhaps one hundred and unquestionable. From the West and fifty men, each carrying a huge, have come Unitarianism, which· is conical pyramid of natural flowers, liberal not only in its doctrine, but in about four feet high, to stack about its documents, which it distributes the grave. Then followed jinrikishas broadcast and free; and the "new with a score of Buddhist priests; large theology" and "new thought," which, numbers of men with large white lotus to an alarming degree, have already

permeated the native church and min- elsewhere, the great wNk of the istry; so that evangelical faith has future must be done. often a more formidable foe to fight from so-called Christian lands than It is painful to see God's work any that, like the Anakim in Pales- hampered and hindered for lack tine, were native to the soil. But we of workers and funds. We have alhave found nowhere a nobler band of ready seen mission enterprises, of the men and women than the evangelical most triumphantly successful sort, missionaries and Japanese pastors, who where one additional worker, or a gift are closely clinging to the Word of of five hundred dollars, would at least God and contending for the faith once double or treble efficiency and results. delivered to the saints. The very con- We have wished many times that some flict ennobles their whole character, wealthy and generous givers, whom and enlarges and enriches all their we know at home, could get a glimpse virtues. They learn to endure hard- of the work and its needs. They could ness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. not withhold money. We feel con- And in every case, so far, we have stantly moved to strip ourselves of all found that the old gospel is still the that can be spared, and study closest power of God unto salvation. Where economy and frugality even in necesthe new theology prevails, genuine sary outlay, that we may invest the conversions which are of a thoroughly little we have in what will pay thirty, Scriptural type, and bear the fruits of sixty, an hundredfold profit. The the spirit, are very rare. But, where Church might well afford to send Christ is fully preached, there the some of her members on a tour of cross proves still mighty to save and observation if only to quicken giving. the converts are of a more apostolic Information, gathered indirectly and type. Of this we shall give many in- from what is read in print, or heard in stances and proofs hereafter. addresses, is comparatively unim- pressive and unenduring. But no man There are mission schools where, as or woman who loves God and His in Eliza Agnew's girls' seminary at gospel can easily forget or disregard Oodooville, Ceylon, nearly every stu- impressions and convictions, born of dent that passes through the full face-to-face contact, and converse course graduates a Christian; and with God's self-denying workers on many go forth as Bible teachers, or the field, and of actual observation of in some way to take their part in J ap- the spirit in which, and the fruits with anese evangelization. Nothing has in- which He has made their work to terested us so much as this noble work abound. We felt ourselves put to with the boys and girls of Japan. The shame at every step and stage of our adult population is difficult to reach. journey through Japan by the contrast Life habits are like iron fetters, hard of our self-indulgence and inefficiency; to break. Life associations are diffi- and yearn, like Paul and Barnabas, to cult either to disregard or displace. visit the church and rehearse all that The younger classes are more pliable God has done, and how He has opened and pliant, and among them, here as the doors of faith and access in this heathen land.

YEAR 1910 IN

BY JULIUS RICHTER) D.D.) GERMANY Author of "History of Missions in India/~ and UHistory of Protestant Missions in the Near East."

The great outstanding event of 1910 cial interest also attaches to the World from a missionary point of view has Congress of Christian Endeavor So- undoubtedly been the World Mission- cieties (called in Germany Jugen- ary Conference at Edinburgh (June bunde fur Entschiedenes Christen- 14-23). This gathering gave to the tum, or E. C.), which met at Agra, churches of Christendom, represented India (November 23-25, 1909), the by delegates from every Protestant de- World Congress of Young Women's nomination, an unusual insight into Christian Associations, at Berlin, in the world-embracing missionary tasks May; the World Convention of Sunand the many-sidedness of missionary day-schools, at Washington, also in enterprise to-day. It brought home to May, and finally, in different degree, them as never before the incongruity to the World Congress of Liberal of the many divisions of Christendom Christians in Berlin in August. All on the mission field in view of these conventions were great and imthe ever-increasing solidarity of the pressive gatherings. At Agra there masses of non-Christian peoples, and were assembled, besides 500 foreign, showed the absolute necessity for 3,000 native Indian Endeavorers. mutual understanding, comity and co- In Washington several thousand deleoperation. It pointed out with un- gates represented the 2I,000,000 Sunprecedented clearness the many com- day scholars belonging to about 250,- plicated problems anslllg out of 000 Sunday-schools in fifty-one difcontact with the non-Christian relig- ferent countries. ions, as well as out of the development Of great importance for Germany of native Christian churches, the was the Colonial Congress held in growth of national systems of educa- Berlin in October, at which the intion and the changing political theories terests of Christianity and of misof European and Asiatic powers. In sions were ably represented. A defishort, the conference placed those nite policy was resolved upon with represent in the very midst of the gard to the ominous spread of Islam mighty current of a missionary move~ in Central Africa.

ment which has for its aim the con- One hopeful sign of the times is the quest of the whole world. brilliant success of the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement in America, which, The continuation committee, elected under the leadership of distinguished by the conference, will have need of organizers and orators, has attained great wisdom and unwearying indus- national importance. The seventytry in order to take up and carry out five conventions, attended by 65,000 all the ideas originated by the con- persons, held during the winter of ference, and thus form a kind of cen- 1909-10 in various large cities in the tral board for the many different United States, and the impressive Protestant missionary societies. National Missionary Congress in Chi- cago (May 3-5), with which this To-day, when distance is being an- unique missionary campaign was nihilated, and everywhere movements brought to a close, give promise of with similar aims are combining, world congresses are in vogue. Spe-

a new epoch, not only in the mission- trained missionaries have gone forth, ary interest, but also in the religious he became the father of a new type of life of America. British missionaries, who, in spite of A notable feature in the missionary genuine piety and devotion, have life of America was the Centenary sometimes not always been able ade- Jubilee of the American Congrega- quately to grapple with the problems tional Board at Boston (October 11- of concrete missionary work. The 14). This board was the pioneer in Kongo Balolo mission, and the mis- American foreign missions, and it has sions in Peru, Argentina and the maintained a leading position all Indian province of Behar, were through the century. Its great secre- founded and supported by the Regions tary, Rufus Anderson, was one of the Beyond Missionary Union.

pioneers of the theory of Protestant The missionary cause in Germany missions, and the iist of eminent mis- sustained a severe blow when the sionaries sent out to all parts of the Dutch steamer Prins Willem II, which world is a long one. The continental left Rotterdam on January 21 having missionary societies do not quite agree on board the Rev. Ernst Reichel, of with the policy of introducing Con- the Directing Board of Moravian gregational principle in the mission Missions, was never heard of after field, especially where it implies the passing Ushant on the French coast.

independence of still immature native Ernst Reichel was on his way to churches; on the other hand, it must Dutch Guiana on a most urgently be con fest that the system has worked needed visitation of the missions.

well in some fields, e.g., Japan and the Another loss was that of Friedrich Levant. von Bodelschwingh, D.D., founder of Leaders Called Home the Bielefeld institutions, who died on The home churches lament the re- April 2 at an advanced age. He was moval of several recognized leaders of one of the heroes and pioneers of the missionary cause. In America the home mission work, and also a zealous death of the Rev. H. N. Cobb, D.D., and untiring friend of foreign mis- removed one who for nearly three sions. He left the stamp of his per- decades (I882-19IO) exercised a wide- sonality on the German East African spread influence as mission secretary Missionary Society.

of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, In Moslem Lands and who was distinguished for his ripe judgment and his great ex- In Turkey, altho the rule of the perience in missionary affairs. Young Turks is established, it is not England sustained the loss of Dr. yet clear what its effect will be on the Grattan Guinness, one of the leaders development of missions in that great of the Keswick movement and of the empire. The leaders of the Young independent missionary work. By Turk party are, for the most part, means of the East London Institute, free-thinkers, if not actually atheists, afterward known as Harley House, who would prefer that Turkey, like with its branch establishments at Cliff France, should have no religion at all; College, Doric Lodge and Berger Hall, but experience has quickly taught from which hundreds of partially them that their only chance of main- This table includes only Missions to non-Christian and non-Protestant peoples, and so omits work done in non-Papal Europe, while covering that in behalf of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese in the United States. The figures are derived almost wholly from annual reports, and relate in the main to 1910, tho sometimes the year includes a part of 1909. The aim has been to leave the fewest possible blanks, and hence where the latest official figures were not at hand, conservative estimates have been made, based upon former reports.

Collected and tabulated by REv. D. L. LEONARD, D.D. (See note on page I.) NAllES 01' SOCIETIES Foreign Countries in Which Missions Are (Abbreviated) Sustained, and Number of Missions American Board •••••••••••••••••.• 1810 $989,409 $276,715 174 37 185 197 593 306 4,723 5,316 1,431 73,114 5,096 171,910 1,496 73,868 S. Africa, Turkey, India, China, J.apan, Micro- 57,850 nesia, Mex., Sl!ain, Austria, PhIlippines (20). Baptist Missionary Union •••••••. " 1814 1,020,552 33,014 231 22 238 149 640 345 3,784 4,424 2,919 153,103 8,252 250,000 1,898 5,013 Burma, India, China, Japan, Africa, France, ~outhern Baptist Convention .•••••• 1845 501,059 57,424 105 4 102 35 246 114 467 713 828 19,239 3,541 36,500 174 4,063 Spain, Philippines (14).

Free Baptists••.••••••••••••.••••• 1833 43,570 650 6 •• 6 7 19 9 76 95 19 1,487 205 2,312 104 China, Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Cuba (7).

India (Southern Bengal), Africa (2).

National Baptist Convention ..••••• 1880 26,159 1,000 52 83 104 24 263 47 77 340 40 8,074 300 8,374 45 7,700 Africa, West and East, West Indies, South America. Seventh-Day Baptists•••••••••••••• 1842 13,000 3,500 3.. 3 2 8 .. 13 21 4 200 20 300 5 190 China (1).

Christian (Disciples of Christ) ••••• 1875 614,115 59,232 86 16 73 68 242 165 972 1,215 281 16,516 2,606 48,000 101 7,212 Chi!,a, India, Japan, Turkey, Africa, Philip. I pmes (6). Christian Convention .•••••••.••••• 1886 16,906 1,129 8 •• 5 7 14 7 30 44 45 964 125 2,200 2 37 IJapan (Tokyo, etc.) (1). Christian and Missionary Alliance •• 1897 295,875 6,828 67 55 89 72 283 24 334 617 225 4,250 670 6,200 102 4,700 ~W. Central Africa, India, China, Japan, South Protestant Episcopal. …………. . 1835 737,161 101,639 90 54 61 76 281 151 822 1,103 383 12,765 1,474 28,000 211 : America. Palestine. etc. (8).

Society of Friends ••• _……….. . 1871 83,106 10,426 25 17 25 36 103 7 174 277 85 3,538 329 7,279 43 8,444 !Africa, China, Japan, Ha.t., Mexico, Alaska (6). Evangelical Association •••…•••••• 1876 41,500 1,421 7 .. 7 8 22 21 46 68 13 1,069 175 2,500 54 2,154 MeXICO, Alaska, Jamaica. India, China, Japan, 2,406 JaoCaunb.a, Armenia, Palestine (8).

Lutheran, General Council •••..•••• 1869 37,450 8,080 8 .. 6 6 20 2 321 341 497 9,257 1,585 316 1 212 5,970 Iudia (Madras), Porto Rico (2). Lutheran, General Synod .•..•••••• 1837 89,000 16, 9,150 India (Madras), West Africa (2). United Norwegian ……………. . 1895 83,402 Five Norwegian Synods••.•••••..• 71,420 20,000 18 .• 10 13 41 2 713 754 527 13,540 2,262 38,400 310 241 Madagascar, China (2). 1,500 500 18 3 18 13 52 6 109 161 74 985 231 1,650 9 2,260 23 59 16 13 111 12 122 233 145 3,526 1,015 16,500 65 Methodist Episcopal ••••••••••.•••• 1819 2,147,666 252,420 330 73 347 326 1,076 561 7,073 8,745 1,065 260,151* 22,899 2,540 76.850 China, Korea, Japan, India, Africa, BuiJlaria, 25,210 1,787 149 9,787 Mexico, South America, Philippines (22). Methodist Episcopal, South .•••..•. 1846 881,520 52,880 96 11 99 101 307 108 390 697 200 2,740 236 14 1,536 249 52 820 China, Korea, Japan, MeXlco, Brazil, Cuba (6). African Methodist Episcopal .•••..• 1847 14,620 4,820 59 71' . 21 12 31 52 84 1,010 269 7 Africa. West Indies, South America (4). Free Methodist ……………… . 1882 53,794 I243 2,020 21 11 19 75 1 127 202 100 102,141 15,400 1,588 1,268 Africa, India, China, Japan (4). 14,250 2,680 48 Methodist Protestant ••••.••.•.••.• 1888 40,500 8,540 3 1 5 12 12 28 40 64 485 46 26 977 Japan (Yokohama) (1). 32,680 5,018 384 Presbyterian ……………….. . 1837 1,393,402 416,293 313 104 345 217 797 302 4,382 5,161 1,867 5,338 299 171 145,225t India, Siam, China, lapan, Korea, W. Africa, 2,600 375 6 Presbyterian, South .•..•••••..•… 1861 495,627 26,380 87 42 88 70 287 14 209 485 461 1,976 395 52 3,820 Syria, Persia, Spamsh Am., Philippines (25). 3,871 748 36 China, Korea, Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, 7,605 706 170 Brazil, Cuba (8). Reformed Presbyterian •.••..•..••• 1836 43,859 886 15 1 12 9 37 •• 59 96 18 6,125 472 110 974 Asia Minor, Syria, Cyprus, China (4). 11,640 440 196 United Presbyterian ..•••••..••••.• 1859 335,645 201,067 47 17 55 68 187 82 1,216 1,403 644 34,118 2,180 252 28,751 India (Panjab), Egypt, Eastern Sudan (3). 835,103 82,085 Reformed (Dutch) …………… . 1832 207,405 10,818 34 13 34 39 120 43 681 801 316 769,576 70,965 9,900 India, China, Japan, Arabia (4). 569,720 58,476 Reformed (German) ………….. . 1878 103,000 2,000 17 4 20 12 53 12 127 180 66 400,616 31,681 553 Tapan (Tokyo, Sendai, etc.), China (2).

German Evangelical Synod …….. . 1867 34,687 2,179 9 .. 5 3 17 •. 67 84 58 2,209 India (Central Provinces) (1).

United Brethren in Christ .••…… 1853 82,389 7,858 23 2 22 13 60 19 133 193 199 1,479 West Africa, Japan, Porto Rico, China, Philip- pines (5). Canada Baptist•••….•.••.••.••.. 1873 70,674 I 2560 26 •• 23 23 72 11 419 491 205 Canada Methodist……………. . 1872 370,794 43 108 6 166 458 231 13,420 India (Telugus), Bolivia (2). Canada Presbyterian .••…….••.. 1844 389,163 5:130 76 65 292 3,507 Japan (Tokio), China, American Indians (3). I 37,154 97 18 87 71 273 10 597 870 174 13,420 China, India, New Hebrides, West Indies, For, 11,650 mosa, Korea, American Indians (7). Other American Societies …..•…. 580,242 71,252 208 110 221 83 622 65 70S 1,327 290 515,108 Totals lor America, 11110 .••….• —-1—- — — — —- – – – – — — — Totals for 1909 ……………. . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $11,908,671 $1,688,075 2,328 809 2,448 1,850 7,267 2,476 29,193 37,007 13,558 Totals for 1905 …………….. . — Totals for 1900 ……………. . -.-,-•• $11,317,387 $1,375,308 2,630 928 2,270 1,848 7,677 2,416 30,476 38,347 13,144 9,949 437,138 —11–":"- — — — — — — — — — 1,102,706 8,638 303,835 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $8,120,725 $1,282,500 1,777 369 1,612 1,312 5,145 1,949 22,047 27,086 9,448 $6,115,759 $817,008 1,442 373 1,419 1,220 4,454 2,725 17,829 20,064 7,987 1,016,386 6,252 240,263 Baptist Society (England) …….•• 1792 –$4-3-3-,8-30-'–$"3"8-,2"'40-'–16"'7 22 125 25 339 39 662 1,001 1,127 20,646 1,392 58,000 188 21,817 India, China, Palestine, Central Africa, West London Society (L. M. S.) .•••..•• Church Society (C. M. S.) …….. 1795 763,425 193,525 169 46 132 80 477 962 6,915 7,392 1,730 86,49'4 2,475 300,052 1,755 80,408 Indiea (8). Africa, Madagascar, Polynesia, Propagation Society (S. P. G.) .••• China, Ind.a, Universities' Mission…………. . (9). South American Society•.••••••••• 1799 2,045,290 17,566 403 141 381 435 1,360 417 8,579 9,937 3,543 100,876 4,960 301,285 2,758 165,305 Persia, Palestine, China, Japan, India Africa, Society of Friends…………… . Wesleyan Methodist Society……. . 1701 949,620 250,000 613 122 31 222 988 239 3,239 4,227 1,719 88,230 2,520 225,000 642 67,240 North America, ,Australia, etc. (30). West Primitive Methodist………….. . India,. China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, United Methodists (Free) ..••••••• Ind.es, etc. (32). Presbyterian Church of England••• 1858 211,560 3,820 35 31 •• 61 127 22 289 416 93 4,960 680 16,200 137 8,245 Africa (Lake Nyasa and Zanzibar) (2). Welsh Calvanistic…………… .. China Inland Mission •••••.••••••• 1844 68,335 105,505 13 16 22 20 71 •• 95 166 37 1,970 ••• 3,240 14 960 South America (3). Established Church of Scotland…. . United Free Church………….. . 1866 169,795 22,840 37 5 34 28 104 457 1,185 1,289 261 2,874 242 19,211 135 7,032 Palestine, India, China, Natal, Madagascar (4). Presbyterian Church of Ireland••.• Other British Societies…•.••••••. 1813 827,245 1,026,324 311 15 170 13 509 308 4,720 5,229 3,291 119,216 4,970 498,000 1,675 114,315 IndIniad,ieCs,hiIntaaly,ASfrpiacian (West and South), West 3 42 2,412 ISO 4,000 22 (29). … Total British Societies …•.••… 1870 80,235 45,955 23 •• 16 5 35 77 56 760 Africa (1).

Totals for 1909……………. . 1857 78,220 6,710 49 3 40 9 101 16 660 761 582 18,625 2,040 40,000 23 1,720 China, East and West Africa, Jamaica (4).

.11 Totals for, 05 …………… .. 1847 149,140 20,500 28 19 30 35 112 49 406 518 322 10,535 786 42,000 173 4,000 India, China, Malaysia, Formosa, Syria (5).

Totals for 1!~00 …………… .. 1840 80,610 1,200 16 •• 15 8 39 25 675 714 577 9,569 311 30,077 409 10,149 N. E. India, Assam, France (Brittany) (2). Basel SOciety……………….. . Berlin Society……………… .. 1865 1,772,975 95,695 .. 365 276 292 933 15 2,012 2,945 1,049 23,095 2,902 92,380 259 5,184 China (Eighteen Provinces) (18). Breklum (Schleswig-Holstein) •.•••• 1829 306,865 44,985 33 27 33 72 169 15 683 852 235 6,335 2,433 17,993 329 15,079 India, East Central Africa, Palestine, China 1843 756,680 50,519 3,708 40,021 1,761 110,094 (4). 1840 127,170 472,440 145 68 153 U2 498 59 4,157 4,655 1,455 1,586 1,171 15,894 212 7,885 India, Africa, Arabia, Palestine New Heb- 14,095 35 6 31 29 101 127 929 1,030 340 rides, Manchuria, Japan, West Indies (12).

China, Inllia (Gujerat), Syria (3).

2,234,215 206,450 338 992 890 868 3,088 76 6,832 9,920 1,476 103,420 3,214 156,600 687 42,530 —-1— – – – – – – – – – – – – – — — —-1–.:…….-1 —-.[–.:…….- $11,055,210 $2,565,850 2,415 1,878 2,379 2,332 9,058 2,831 42,073 51,129 17,893 651,362 33,954 1,860,953 11,179 662,723 -,—1—- — — — — — — — — — —-1—-1 $9,584,653 $2,670,773 2,518 1,747 2,728 2,255 9,257 2,679 38,804 48,063 16,785 606,239 32,412 1,900,078 10,649 604,675 —·1—- — — — — — — — — —[—-1—- $8,197,679 $1,631,207 2,393 1,711 2,176 2,508 8,596 1,895 39,101 47,703 12,959 537,450 41,403 1,333,066 11,447 628,407 — 1—–1– – – – – – – – – – – — — — ____1_ _ _ __ …. 1_$_6,.8._46..,9_5_8~_ _.._._.~._..~_1_,8..1.8 2,590 2,082 1,789 8,309 1,869 _3~5,~8_36~_44~,~76~5-._1_0.,.l~7~8~_3_6~4.,.5~8.4…1•..:.3~1,.2.~50~1..;.:I,.1.4~9~,6O~8~!_9.,l~6~0~1_4~3_7~,8_7~4.1 1815 $416,960 $84,580 158 76 138 21 393 56 1,615 2,008 727 33,316 1,474 60,632 647 34,203 South India, China, West Africa (3).

1824 248,850 108,699 115 14 110 15 254 23 1,010 1,264 525 32,240 214 60,048 324 13,094 Africa (East and South), China (3).

1877 52,370 1,040 18 . • 12 •• 30 •• 129 159 112 1,410 335 6,500 78 1,594 .India (Telugus) (1).

Gossner's Society…………….. . 1836 113,084 6,110 47 7 42 8 104 34 872 976 515 29,364 2,282 91,541 236 6,519 India (Gan&es, Chota Nagpore) (1).

Hermannsburg Society••••••..•..• 1849 123,480 23,560 66 4 66 5 145 6 670 815 163 40,420 940 75,000 190 10,840 India, South Africa, Persia (3).

Leipsic Society ……………… .. 1836 163,165 14,260 60 12 53 18 143 29 256 399 383 11,375 245 23,294 357 16,686 South India, Burma, British and German East Moravian Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1732 211,325 177,500 150 36 172 17 375 34 131 506 952 33,389 1,788 95,902 335 Africa (4). 30,660 India (Ladak), South Africa, Australis, South America, West Indies, Eskimo, Indian. (9). North German Society………… . 1836 61,845 13,757 23 3 16 10 38 2 204 242 151 3,919 439 11,654 164 5,627 West Africa (Slave Coast) (1).

Rhenish Society (Barmen) ••••.••.• 1828 248,479 45,292 162 19 146 20 347 29 961 1,208 649 65,498 1,936 144,929 679 35,334 Africa, Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, China Other German Societies•.••••••••• 325,740 – – -33-,5610 1 -11-2 – 3-9 – – 95 – – 45 -2- 91 – – 14 – -10-7 – -39-8 _ _15_ 6 _ _8_,34_0 I___92_5 I_ _16_,63_5 [_ _12_0 I__~ 4,9_ 90 (5). Total German Societies .•.•..••• Totals for 1909…………… .. $1,965,298 $508,358 911 210 850 159 2,120 227 5,955 7,975 4,333 259,271 10,578 586,135 3,130 159,547 Totals for 1905 ……………. . 572,701 —·1—- Totals for 1900 …………….. . — — — — — — — — — —-1—-1 541,182 —- 3,373 1-1-50-,0-21- Paris Society………………. .. $1,860,964 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $429,419 911 205 846 167 2,129 231 7,917 9,864 4,254 250,782 16,600 289,146 Swiss Romande……………… . $1,587,049 78,200 –2,-46-6 1-1-2-0,8-17- $387,903 903 197 760 124 1,982 167 6,881 8,858 3,332 209,061 26,151 — — — — — — — — —–1—-1 4,680 '" • $1,185,468 $340,118 808 58 678 174 1,718 184 5,102 6,820 2,560 157,460 13,986 2,022 97,587 1—————- I I 1822 $197,700 $43,033 59 26 80 17 182 83 1,009 1,191 900 34,393 1,134 506 26,200 Africa (South, East and Welt), Tahiti, Mada· 1875 64,992 5,072 21 10 25 17 73 1 84 157 81 2,163 45 77 gascar (5). 2,910 East Africa (1).

Netherlands Societies•••••••.••••• 143,276 23,462 113 37 85 50 285 12 299 584 141 8,390 583 16,200 117 4,840 Scandinavian Societies. •.•••••••••• 490,272 63,920 181 32 187 69 469 124 2,268 2,717 1,248 56,920 1,872 107,000 1,330 87,802 Australian Methodist Society …… . 1855 152,510 48,230 34 5 19 28 86 112 ~,112 4,198 1,762 40,900 406 155,000 1,409 2',289 Fiji, Samoa, New Britain, New Guinea (5).

Asia, Africa, The Islands, etc .••..• • •• • I~ 912,1~ 75 ~~ 203~ ,405~~ 575 280 685 269 1,729 293 6,520 8,249 5,624 334,390 9,242 800,000 1,835 73,620 TOTALS FOR CHRISTENDOM _1_91_0 $26,890,104 $5,249,405 6,637 3,287 6,758 4,791 21,248 6,159 91,513 1113,207 45,540 _2_,2_2_2_,8.~..2_1 __l_3_9,_8_99_ 4,951,325 30,215 1,562,039 Totals for 1909 ……………. . • • •• $24,613,057 $4,859,605 7,031 3,260 6,833 4,710 21,844 5,929 92,272 115,130 43,934 2,098,503 135,114 4,866,661 29,190 1,413,995 Totals for 1905 …………… .. 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _,1 _ _ _ _ 1 27,835 1,246,127 Totals for 1900……………. . 20,196 1,035,724 – – •••• $19,661,885 $3,516,015 5,905 2,567 5,061 4,306 17,839 4,353 89,335 107,174 31,451 1,754,182 143,193 4,072,088 •••• $15,481,565 — — — — — — — — — —·1— !

$1,833.961 4,738 3,409 "',650 3,422 16,218 5,263 62,366 78,585 25,108 1,370,545 94,562 3,556,140 * Including 159,184 probationers. t Includes nearly 100,000 Sunday-lChool scholars.

19II ] THE YEAR 1910 IN MISSIONS

tammg supremacy over the ignorant been committed with a revolver, and and fanatical masses of the people lies revolvers are not mentioned in the in professing themselves the cham- Koran; (2) that no Moslem may be pions of Islam, especially since the put to death on account of an infidel; prestige of Turkey depends upon the and (3) that the accusation had not fact that her ruler is the "Caliph," or been made by the relatives of Butros! successor of the Prophet, and as such the heir to his privileges. The new Missions in Moslem lands lost two constitution guarantees religious free- leaders by death. On April 28, Dr. . dom and equality of all races before H. H. Jessup, a man who for the last the law; but with the same logic of half-century had occupied by far the facts with which the parliamentary most prominent place in missionary system among the many races of work in Syria, died at Beirut at the Hungary has led to fanatical Magyar- age of seventy-eight. Just before his ization, the internal policy of Turkey death he had published, under the impels it in the direction of systematic title of "Fifty-three Years in Syria," predominance of the Turkish element, a biography in two volumes, which at any rate in the northern part of tl;1e forms a valuable contribution to the empire. Altho the excellent mission history of missions in Syria. In May, colleges, notably those of the Amer- Dr. H. N. Barnum, one of the leading ican Board, have hitherto held undis- missionaries of the American Board, puted precedence among the schools of died at Harput. the Turkish Empire, more especially in Asia Minor and Armenia, yet the In Persia the parliamentary Bakh- Government is now creating a system tiari government has been introduced, of State education which will set with the twelve-year-old Shah Mirza aside the mission schools. In view of Ahmed at its head. But peace and se- this uncertain condition of affairs it curity are by no means established in is gratifying to note that, by an of- that unhappy country. In the north ficial decree, the foreign educational Russia has occupied Tabriz, Kazvin and charitable institutions have been and the neighboring provinces, while released from certain irksome restric- large districts in the south are being tions of the Ottoman law; those of the overrun by predatory bands. Eng- American missions, for example, may land has recently taken advantage of now be entered on the official lists, the helplessness of the central govern- and may also become owners of land, ment of Persia to issue an ultimatum, under their own names. threatening military occupation of the south unless order is restored within A drastic illustration of what three months. The partition of the equality of Moslems and non-Moslems unhappy empire between the rival before the law means, even in Egypt, powers of England and Russia is ap- was recently given when the Grand parently only a question of time. In Mufti of that country refused to sign such circumstances missionary work the death-warrant of Wardani, the is carried on under great difficulties. convicted murderer of the Christian prime minister, Butros Pasha, on the Events in Africa grounds ( I ) that the murder had In Africa a new era is dawning in various domains. On May 31 the

union of the British South African hall of Pretoria. The fact that, be- States became an accomplished fact. sides the white candidates of both Who would have thought, ten years sexes, a colored student was admitted, ago, when the Boers were fighting for threw the whole town into a state of their national existence against their uproar, and the authorities flatly re- ancient foes, that in one short decade fused to allow any room in the town Boers and Britons would be settling hall to be used for the examination of down amicably in a union of Federal colored candidates.

States, under the leadership of the In view of the close contact of the Boer General, Botha, and a cabinet two races in South Africa, the ques-'

largely composed of Boers. tion of the training of the natives to On May 17, eleven days after the labor, and of their education in gen- death of King Edwarq, the new eral, takes a prominent place. Care- British Governor-General and Com- ful investigations show that, out of the mander-in-Chief of the Forces, Vis- 203,541 able-bodied natives reported count Gladstone, landed at Cape by the last Native Affairs Commission Town. In his instructions he was ex- as belonging to Cape Colony, one- pressly directed to refuse his assent fourth are employed in and around to any bill by which any subject of the Johannesburg, voluntarily binding Cape Colony, who was otherwise en- themselves for six months to labor in titled to vote, would be deprived of unhealthy conditions in the mines.

the franchise on the sole ground of Another Government commission color or race. Evidently the British has conclusively proved the fallacy of Government is determined to uphold, the repeated assertion that the mis- at all events in Cape Colony, the policy sion schools undermine the constitu- of liberal legislation hitherto pursued tion of healthy "red" heathen by in- with regard to the colored races. It troducing clothing and European is 'satisfactory to note that the Cape habits. Leprosy is disappearing be- Parliament in its last session put an fore the advance of civilization. In end to the long-standing disputes districts where the popUlation is about the so-called "grant mission chiefly Christian, and where orderly stations" by the passing of the "Mis- conditions of life prevail, it is dying sion Stations and Communal Reserve out, while in the uncivilized, heathen Act, 1909," referred to in missionary districts, where the people live amid periodicals as the Mission Land Bill.* filthy surroundings and subsist on in- Tho this does not completely satisfy sufficiently cooked food, the disease is the missionaries, the act provides at spreading.

least a good legal basis for the settle- The hunger of the colored races for ment of long-disputed matters. education is decidedly on the increase.

A striking illustration of existing The project of a university for native racial prej udice was afforded on the students has not made much progress, occasion of an examination in con- but in British Bechuanaland two out nection with the University of Cape of the three tribes have introduced an Town which was held in the town education tax of two shillings per head, and have handed over their • For the text, see Christian Express, 1910, schools to the British officials that they p. 69 f. f.

YEAR 1910 IN MISSIONS

may organize a systematic plan of edu- In the fight against the liquor cation. In the Hermannsburg mis- traffic there is still a lack of definite sion in the Transvaal this question has purpose, tho some progress has been led to a most regrettable rupture and made. In German Southwest Africa secession, one of the missionaries the sale of spirituous liquors to the nabeing of opinion that the Directing tives is entirely forbidden. In Kam- Board was not sufficiently alive to the erun a decree was issued on October necessity of satisfying this native de- I, 1910, forbidding the importation of sire for education. The most con- spirits within certain zones, and the spicuous example of this craving for prohibition is gradually to be extended knowledge is seen in the Livingstonia over the whole colony, the trading Mission of the United Free Church of companies in South Kamerun having Scotland, where in 661 schools over declared themselves in favor of total 58,000 natives are being instructed by prohibition. In the British colony of 1,259 teachers. In connection with Southern Nigeria, however, the Comone station alone-that at Loudon- mittee of Inquiry on the Liquor Trade, there are no fewer than ISO schools in direct contradiction of evidence with 12,609 scholars. based on a great array of facts, has re- ported that the complaints as to the In Equatorial Africa a change is disastrous results of the liquor traffic being brought about by the rapid open- are greatly exaggerated, and the trade ing up of vast territories. The North itself is harmless. to South Railway from Windhoek to Keetmanshoop, in German Southwest Islam is still making rapid ad- Africa, the Manenguba Railway in vances. In the winter of 1909-10 Dr. Kamerun, and the continuation of the Karl Kumm, the founder of the Central Railway, from Kilossa to Sudan United Mission, undertook a Tabora, in German East Africa, are great journey of exploration across all making rapid progress. In the Equatorial Sudan from the Niger to Kongo State the construction of the the Upper Nile, paying special attenline from the Upper Kongo to the tion to the southward march of Islam. Great Lakes is being pushed forward He found, especially in the territory with feverish haste. This is, alas! also of the Senussi Order in Eastern the pretext for many an inhuman raid, Sudan, a fierce and fanatical propaand cruel oppression of thousands of ganda going on, which seeks to spread negroes. Mohammedanism by fire and sword. Throughout the whole region, too, a More interesting is the rapid ad- flourishing slave-trade is carried on, vance of the Cape-to-Cairo line. On with its headquarters around Lake December I I, 1909, the first passenger Chad and in Darfur. train crossed the Kongo frontier, and before the end of this year the line is Dr. Kumm also found many heathen to be carried as far as the Star of the tribes which have as yet stedfastly re- Kongo mine. Unhappily, this opening sisted the inroads of Islam, and he up of the Dark Continent also opens came to the conclusion that it is not the door to adverse influences, such yet too late to establish Christian misas disease, drink and Mohamme- sions in those vast, almost inaccessible danism. regions. But-it is high time that this

should be done. One ominous symp- In Madagascar the reign of terror tom is the fact that under the very of Augagneur, that violent opponent eyes of Christian missionaries whole of Protestant missions, has come to an tribes are going over to Islam. This end. The missionaries would have happened in the Ulanga district of welcomed the permanent appointment German East Africa in 1908, in the of his temporary successor, Henri case of the Sultan Kiwanga and his Cor, who was well-known from his tribe. In 1909 and 19IO those por- term of office in Tahiti as a severe yet tions of the wild and corrupt Yao just administrator, but the French tribe living around the southern end Government has now sent out Coun- of Lake Nyasa, from Kota Kota to cillor of State Picquee, and what his Fort Maguire went over almost in a rule will bring remains to be seen.

body to Mohammedanism. Unfortu- In the notoriously ill-governed ne- nately this tribe had been neglected gro republic of Liberia the United by the missionaries; they had only re- States of America have undertaken cently learned their language, and temporarily the administration of the work had been carried on among them finances, the army and the settlement spasmodically, and was insufficiently of disputed questions of frontier. It organized. The eyes even of non- seems that Liberia is about to become missionary circles are now being grad- an American dependency to the same ualIy opened to the dangers of the extent as Egypt is a British c1epen- Mohammedan propaganda, especially deney, tho for the present under since repeated efforts have been made strong protest on the part of the to incite the Mohammedan colonial colonial politicians of France and troops to rebellion against the Euro- Germany. Missionary enterprise peans. needs to be energetically advanced With regard to the Kongo State among. the heathen tribes in the hinter- there is not much to be said. The Bel- land of Liberia, which are strongly gian Government and the new king menaced by Islam.

are not lacking in promises of radical With intense interest we follow the reforms, but as yet there is not much efforts now being made toward a improvement. Even the conces- union of the Protestant churches of sionaire companies are still allowed to South Africa. At a conference held carryon their system of oppression. at Kimberley on March 12, 1910, the One bright spot is the action taken by Presbyterians, Congregationalists aqd the Protestant churches of Belgium Baptists were able to agree upon the in forming a missionary society for the plan of a common church constitution, Kongo State. Like the Paris mission and at a general synod, to be held in in Madagascar, they wish to defend October, I9I2, at Cape Town, they in- the Protestant mission from the charge tend to form themselves into the· of representing anti-Belgian interests, United Church of South Africa. The tho, on the other hand, the Belgian Wesleyans are for the present holding churches are far too weak and dis- aloof from the union from considera- united to think of replacing the Brit- tions connected with the home church ish, American and Swedish mission- in England. The significance of this aries by Belgians. movement lies in the fact that it is a

YEAR 1910 IN MISSIONS

link in a whole chain of similar efforts. the lives of the Europeans, with the The Free Church Council of England most violent measures, such as bombs. and the Federal Council of Churches A pamphlet was found containing the in America have for their object not words: so much organic union as sympathetic cooperation. The negotiations in the Do not allow yourselves to be deceived dil ection of reunion between the two by the friendly advances of the English national churches of Scotland have not Government. Sacrifice pure, white blood, yet passed the stage of academic dis- cussion and the suggestion of plans. when your God calls you, on the altar of The churches of New Zealand seem to have made comparatively the great- liberty. White men, women and children est progress in the direction of re- -murder them all without distinction, union.* and you will be committing no sin.

In British East Africa interesting Even in the remote hill country of negotiations have been going on at J eypur in the Eastern Ghats a wide- Nairobi, where representatives of all spread Swadeshi agitation resulted in the societies laboring in that district, attempts at rebellion. from the Anglicans to the Quakers, 'have agreed upon a common liturgy The Anglo-Indian Government is and confession of faith, the Quakers seeking to satisfy the legitimate naaccepting the two sacraments and the tional desires of the natives by giving Presbyterians the bishop. It remains them a larger share in the administrato be seen whether a really workable tion of the country. On January 25, church organization can be attained the new vice-regal Legislative High Court of Justice was opened at Calon this basis.t cutta. The provincial councils, too, have been strengthened, in part by India, Burma and Ceylon Christians. In the Madras Presidency, to the great gratification of the Chris- India is still in a state of ferment. tians, one Roman Catholic and one In Assam (Eastern Bengal) a wide- Protestant were appointed to serve spread conspiracy was discovered, on the Provincial Council. threatening not only the dominion, but The attempts by the Mohammedans * It is, perhaps, easier on the mission field to of Northern India to form a united attempt such organic union with other denomina- central association for the representations than it is in the home churches, where di- tion of the interests of Islam through- vergences of view have taken deeper root. The out the world deserve serious attenunion of Congregational and Presbyterian native tion. This association was founded at churches in Southern India under the name of the Delhi under the name of Nedwet ul United Church of South Indja has been SUccess- Ulema, and has for its aim the publicafully accomplished, and their first General Synod tion of (I) a "correct" translation of was held this year at Trivandrum. The mutual the Koran. i.e., one that suits their understanding existing between the various mis- own purposes, and (2) apologetic sions in western China is a p1easing instance of writings in defense of Islam against missionary comity, and is expected to result in the the false doctrines (!) circulated in organic union of the native churches there. Europe. Besides this, an extensive propaganda is to be carried on in the. t A similar conference bas been lrdd at Yaba:l- interests of Islam. pur, in Central India, between representatives of The question of higher education Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists and other Free churches. Here, however, the conclusion reached was that actual union of the churches it not yet feasible, but it was agreed to aim at federation on the basis of a common Confession of Faith.

occupies a prominent place. For local government of the tributary State of reasons Ceylon and Burma wish to Mysore made a curious attempt to inhave their own universities. The Mo- troduce such instruction officially. In hammedans of India are also planning the lower classes extracts from popa university supported by private ular sacred books of the Hindus, and means. The party of the Neo-Hindus, in the upper classes Mrs. Besant's the adherents of Mrs. Besant, have Hindu catechisms, Sanatana Dharma already presented a petition for the es- (in a Kanarese translation), are to be tablishment of a religious university studied. The official reports of this at Benares, with which only colleges singular method of teaching are not of pronounced religious character are very encouraging, but it has only reto be affiliated, and in which all re- cently been introduced. ligions, including Christianity, are to have equal rights. The scheme is In Christian circles legislation with Utopian. The Christians, on their regard to divorce is again being eagerpart, have carried into effect a project ly discust, and memorials relating to that has been much discust for years it have been presented. As Dr. Rallin past by founding, on October I, at Ram, of Amsitsar, has pointed out, Serampore, a faculty of scientific the present laws are adapted to Eurotheology, which is to be the nucleus of peans and Eurasians, but not to native a lecturing, as well as examining, uni- Christians. The latter are subjected versity. A similar undertaking, which to great legal insecurities and severhas aroused much interest in the mis- ities. For example, is a Christian who sionary world of India, has been car- was married long before his baptism, ried out at Bangalore, in Southern bound by the rules of Christian mat- India, where seven missionary so- rimony? Missionaries are now colcieties united in opening, on July 8, a lecting materials for the preparation higher theological college for the more of a bill bearing on these matters. The thorough and systematic training of legal disqualifications of the Chrisnative ministers. tians are at present ~elt most keenly in Mysore. There a convert to Chris- While rejoicing over the truly tianity is practically under a ban; his Christian spirit of broad-mindedness right of inheritance is very doubtful, and mutual understanding underlying and even his paternal rights over his this project, one can not but regard it own children are not secured. Last with some misgivings; for, since it is year a Government commission was the future native ministers who will appointed in Mysore to i~vestigate the be called upon to hand down the tra- legal status of the Christians and to ditions cherished by each of the dif- propose alterations of the law. But ferent missionary societies, the various when their work was done, and they bodies will naturally be anxious that wished to present their report to the they should become deeply imbued Council of State, their proposals were with what they look upon as the pe- not even permitted to be read through, culiar talent entrusted to them. much less discust.

The question of compulsory re- Quite a number of deaths have ocligious instruction is again causing curred which deserve mention. In the much discussion in India. In 1908 the Punjab the adventurer Mirza Gulam

YEAR 1910 IN MISSIONS

Achmed, of Quadian, was carried off State recognition of the more ad- by cholera. He died, as he had lived, vanced mission schools, and on the a convicted swindler. He had prophe- other by forming plans for a private sied that the cholera would not visit Christian university on the lines of the his village-and he himself became Waseda University in Tokyo.

one of its first victims. In Korea the mighty revival move- On May 3, Ferdinand Hahn, a mis- ment is still progressing. The Korean sionary of the Gossner Society, de- Christians display praiseworthy eager- parted unexpectedly at Mussooree. ness to make known the gospel to their He was one of the most capable Ger- heathen neighbors. It is to be hoped man missionaries in India, having a that the annexation by Japan, in thorough knowledge of the Uraon dia- August, 1910, will not in any way lect, and had had the Kaisar-i-Hind hinder the triumphant progress of Order of the first class conferred on Christianity. In Japan the Govern- him by the British Government. The ment has for decades past maintained former principal of the Duff College an exemplary attitude of neutrality in in Calcutta, Dr. Tomary, died in April religious matters. Let us hope that it at his Scottish home. He had, in 1908, will not allow itself to be influenced in accomplished the affiliation of Duff Korea by those who, on the one hand, College with the General Assembly In- accuse the foreign missionaries of stitution of the Established Church of trying to influence the Koreans against Scotland under the name of the Scot- Japan, and, on the other, seek to use tish Churches College. It was ex- the missionaries as tools for the propa- pected that he would become rector of gation of Japanese influences. Strange- this great united university. ly enough, a kind of national move- Southern India sustained an equally ment has been started in Korea to op- heavy loss by the death, on February pose the advance of Christianity. A 18, of Dr. William Howard Campbell. Korean named Lainsa has founded a He had been connected with the L. M. sect or association calling themselves S. mission in Telugu, and had worked adherents of Tanguffur, the mythical successively at the three chief stations founder of the Korean Empire, whose of CUddapah, J ammalamadugu and object seems to be to transplant Shin- Guti. A man of keen and brilliant in- toist ideas to Korea.

tellect, he had also distinguished him- In China there is the usual mixture self as a writer, and was looked upon of reform and reaction. During 1909 as the future principal of the new four hundred and eighty new post- theological college at Bangalore. offices were established, two new rail- Japan, Korea and China ways were constructed and opened for traffic, and several commissions were Japan, since the jubilee celebrations sent to Europe to study questions of on October 5-10, 1909, has enjoyed a political economy and administration.

period of quiet development, during One striking symptom of the new era which Christianity has made normal is the great national exhibition at progress. In the department of edu- Nanking, after the pattern of our in- cation far-reaching efforts are being ternational exhibitions. It is intended made on the one hand by seeking to be a great demonstration to the non-

Chinese world of all-that Chinese cul- schools. The mission schools are exture has already produced, and an ob- cluded from this privilege, altho many ject-lesson to the Chinese themselves of them are far more advanced than in the many things they have stilI to those of the Government. This is a learn from the West. The mission- public slight put upon the Christians, ary societies intend to make use of the and they feel it keenly. It is, however, opportunity to inaugurate a great only one more proof of the determinaevangelistic effort among the vast con- tion underlying all the educational course of people visiting the exhibi- measures of the Government to build tion, and have secured a building close up the new culture of China in the to the exhibition grounds as their spirit of Confucius, and to give it a headquarters_ On the other hand, the specifically Confucian impress. attitude of the Regent, Prince Chun, and of the manchus in the central While thus the tendency in Governgovernment of Peking is doubtful, if ment circles is, on the whole, toward not openly reactionary, and there is a reform, the evil forces of reaction are great want of unanimity between the in some places asserting their power different provincial authorities and the among the masses of the people to an central government_ alarming degree. Vast tracts of the country have been visited by drought A comparatively trifling incident and famine, and the greed of the will serve to show what a devious Chinese merchants has, as usual, made course is being steered_ The Prince these calamities a pretext for an Regent had abolished, by an official de- enormous rise in the price of procree, the superstitious practises ob- VISIOns. This excited the starving served at eclipses of the sun and populace to fury, and caused dismoon; yet, when an eclipse actually turbances in many parts of the emoccurred, on November 27, 1909, he pIre. Riots broke out in Hu-Nan at allowed all the old practises to be car- the capital, Chang-sha, and in Yuanried out as usuaL It is the same with chow and other towns of that provthe liberal and modern mandarins; ince, where popular feeling is hostile when drought and famine excite the to foreigners, and much"mission proppeople to uproar they prefer, notwith- erty was destroyed. Happily no lives standing all their enlightenment, to were sacrificed, at least among the permit and even take part in idol pro- Protestant Christians. With the help cessions and all the rest of the super- of a flotilla of English, German, Japstitious humbug, for fear of being anese and other foreign gunboats the lynched by the people. Government quickly succeeded in quelling the disturbances_ In the The opening, on October 15, 1909, province of Kan-Su, where there was of the provincial diets, the first step also great distress, the missionaries toward an Imperial Parliament, gained the confidence of the people by marked an important advance in the distributing quantities of food and progress of reform. All are entitled seed. to vote who have an income of 12,000 taels, who possess an academical de- In China, as well as in other Asiatic gree of the old style or have passed countries, secondary education occuthrough the higher Government pied the chief place of interest from

YEAR 1910 IN

a missionary point of view. The de- for India assured the British Parliavelopment of the great Union univer- ment that the Anglo-Indian Governsities at Peking and in the province ment could not shorten the period of of Shan-Tung has been vigorously ten years agreed upon between India prest forward, the Union University and China for the gradual cessation at Cheng-tu-fu, the capital of Sz- of the importation of opium, because Chuan, is making good progress, "such a measure would put too heavy while the Christian college outside the a strain on Indian finances, would gates of Canton has been opened. cause disturbances among the tax- The project of a great central univer- payers and opium-growers, and would sity at Wu-chang, in the very heart of be a source of trouble between the China, originated by Lord William Indian Government and the tributary Cecil, son of Lord Salisbury, is being States." In spite of this, however, zealously pushed forward. The year England, as well as all the other civil- 19IO, however, has not seen any very ized countries and China, has agreed decisive events in this department. to the proposal of President Taft to hold another International Opium The agitation against the importa- Conference in 191 I. tion and consumption of opium has been carried on with undiminished Among the missionaries who have vigor. Authentic reports from all been removed by death during 1910, parts of the empire show that the cul- mention must be made of Rev. Hamptivation of the poppy has been either den C. Du Bose, D.D., in Su-chau, a greatly curtailed or altogether pro- man who for nearly four decades carhibited. Knowing that they have a ried on work at that station of the great preponderance of public opinion Southern Presbyterians, and was well on their side, the mandarins in many known, not only for his literary work, cases proceed with severity against the but also on account of his unwearying opium-growers. It is computed that agitation against the opium traffic. during the three years 1907-I9IO, half During the Edinburgh Congress there a million opium dens have been closed, died at Edinburgh itself the English two-thirds of the land formerly under Presbyterian missionary, Dr. Macpoppy cultivation have been planted Ivor, of Wu-king-fu, the champion of with other products, and the ranks of the society's Hakka mission, who won the younger officials, at least, have special distinction by the publication of been cleansed of opium-smokers. a dictionary of Hakka language, 1,200 Some foreign houses of business, to pages strong. their shame be it said, place difficulties in the way of the Chinese in the A year is a small period in considerclosing of the opium dens and others ing world-embracing movements which have introduced cigarets to take the exercise so vast an influence on the place of opium. One English firm national life of many countries. Yet actually succeeded, with the help of a review of the principal events of the British consul, in securing the re- even so brief a span of time awakens opening of already closed opium the inspiring conviction: Ve:cilla regis shops. The Under Secretary of State prodeunt. We are living in a de- cisive missionary age.

PROGRESS OF RELIGION IN THE UNITED

INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES CENSUS REPORT ON RELIGIOUS BODIES (See Table of Statistics.) BY REV. EDWIN MUNSELL BLISS, D.D., WASHINGTON, D.C.

The first amendment to the Consti- religion in the United States, as in- tution of the United States says "Con- dicated by the different features of gress shall make no law respecting the this report, involves four factors: establishment of religion or prohibit- ( 1) The membership of the religious ing the free exercise thereof." An organizations, its numbers and type; official inquiry of any person as to his (2) the strength of the organizations religion has been held to involve a as illustrated by the character and possible abridgment of that "free ex- value of their property; (3) the pubercise," and the official enumeration lic relation sustained by the organizaand classification of individuals ac- tions as indicated by their activities; cording to their religious belief has (4) the mutual relations of the difthus been considered unconstitutional. ferent bodies. The conviction, however, that there should be some record of the church Church Membership organizations which are so important a factor in national life led, in the The total number of members recensuses of 1850 and 1860, to reports ported in 1890 for continental United as to the number of church edifices, States, exclusive of Alaska, was their accommodations and financial 20,597,954; for 1906 it was 32,936,- value. In 1870 the number of church organizations was also given, and in 445; an increase of 60.4 per cent. 1890 (there was no report in 1880) the number of ministers and of mem- Comparing these figures with those bers. The number of members was of the popUlation of the same area obtained from reports by church according to the census of 1890, and officers, not by an enumeration of the an estimate for 1906, it appears that individuals by representatives of the in r890 the mem~ership of religious organizations was 32.7 per cent of Government. * the total population, and in 1906 it was 39.1 per cent, an increase of 6-4 An inquiry as to the progress of per cent.

* When the plans for the Census of 1906 were Merely as figures, however, these are of comparatively little value. formed. Mr. William C. Hunt. the Chief Statisti. Their significance appears in an cian in charge, had the assistance of the Rev. Cas· analysis of them. In the first place, slus E. Wright, D.D., in the preparation of the the term membership needs definition. schedule. and to the items presented in 1890 were As used in the tables it includes those added: sex of members; sala.ries of ministet's; persons entitled to partake of the debt on church property; number and value of sacrament of the Lord's Supper in parsonages; languages used in church services; date Christian churches, and all enrolled of establishment of local organizations, and Sun- members in other organizations. day·schools. In addition to the statistics the reo Considerable divergence of usage ocport for 1890 included a textual statement of the casioned difficulty in instituting comhistory, doctrine and polity of the separate de- parisons. The Roman Catholic, Eastnominations. In the report for 1906, these are ern Orthodox and Armenian Churches amplified somewhat and a section added, descrip- consider all baptized persons, inc1utive of the work, or general evangelistic, educational and philanthropic activities of the denominations. In view of this enlarged scope, it was styled Report on Religious Bodies, rather than Statistics of Churches. ding infants, as members. So also meration of the Jews unsatisfactory, practically does the Mormon Church. but from a large number of organiza- Among the Jews only heads of fam- tions, nearly 40 per cent of the total, ihes, usually the males, are accounted no report at all of membership was as members of the synagog. In the received, and there was no intimation Protestant bodies comparatively few even of an estimate. _So far as genunder the age of fifteen are reported eral comparison is concerned, thereas members. In order to make the fore, they may be eliminated. The returns for these various bodies some- other non-Protestant bodies, except what comparable, fifteen per cent was the Roman Catholic Church, however deducted from the figures reported interesting and valuable for special by the Roman Catholic churches, to study, are too small proportionately cover those under nine years of age, to enter into a general survey, and the time at which the first communion the Protestant bodies as a whole, and is generally taken; the Mormon the Roman Catholic Church, remain Church specifically excluded all un- as the most prominent and significant der eight years of age; the Eastern factors in American church life. Orthodox and Armenian Churches were not taken into account because The Protestant bodies report a of the proportionately small number total membership of 20,287,742, a of families and the great preponder- little more than the entire membership ance of adult males. The result is not for 1890, and marking an increase of altogether satisfactory, but probably 44.8 per celll. The Roman Catholic as nearly so as is possible. It is suf- Church reports 12,079,142, an increase ficiently accurate for present pur- of 93.5 per cent. Similarly, of the poses. 6.4 per cent increase in proportion to population the Protestant bodies have It is also to be kept in mind that the as their share 1.8 per cent, and the different bodies vary greatly in char- Roman Catholic Church 44 per cent. acter. In general they have been During the same period and for the classed in the report as Protestant and corresponding area the increase in non-Protestant. The former include general population was 33.9 per cent, those bodies identified more or less so that the Protestant bodies gained closely in history and general charac- in proportion to the population, but ter with the Protestant Reformation. not to the same degree as the Roman The latter are subdivided into the Catholic Church. Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Jewish con- In order to judge accurately as to gregations, the Latter-day Saints, and the significance of these increases, it a fifth class, embracing the Armenian will be well to examine more minutely and Polish National Churches, the some items in regard to the Protestant Bahais, Buddhists, Communistic so- bodies. The highest percentages of cieties, Spiritualists, Society for increase are reported by the Church Ethical Culture, Theosophists and of Christ Scientist, 882.5 per cent, and Vedantists. The statistics for all ex- the Independent churches, 451.4 per cept the Jews are reasonably com- cent. As the former has practically plete. Not only is the basis of enu- come into existence during the period under review, the rate is not so sig-

nificant, and the latter represents an crease in church membership are the interesting fact, but of minor im- New England States, Pennsylvania, portance, as many churches classed and such States as Michigan, Wiscon- in 1890 with denominations are in sin, Nebraska and California. These 1906 placed under this head. Leaving are also the States where the immi- aside these two, the denominations grant population is the largest, and in showing the highest rate of increase them the bodies most affected by are The Seventh-day Adventists, immigration, the Roman Catholic II4.6 per: cent; the Disciples (both Church and the Lutheran Synods, bodies), 78.2 per cent; the Lutherans, show corresponding increase. The 71.6 per cent; the Protestant Epis- same thing is true of the cities, tho copal Church, 66.7 per cent. On the the comparatively meager records for other hand, the Unitarians show but cities in 1890 make comparison with 4.1 per cent increase, and the Friends that census difficult. As indicative of 6. I per cent. Among the other bodies the distribution of the immigrant ele- the Northern Baptists show 3i.s per ment among the churches, it is inter- cent gain; the Southern Baptists, 57 esting to note that of the 186 denom- per cent; the Congregationalists, 36.6 inations 72 report no language except per cent; the Northern Presbyterians, English used in church services, an 49.7 per cent, and the Southern almost sure indication that they have Church about the same; the Methodist no immigrant membership. In the Episcopal Church, 33.2 per cent, tho Roman Catholic Church, nearly 40 the general average for all Methodist per cent of the congregations use bodies is lowered by the fact that the some foreign language other than returns for the African Methodist Latin, not always exclusively, but in Episcopal Zion Church in 1890 were some part of the service; in the evidently exaggerated. Lutheran churches the proportion is The list might be enlarged, but in much larger, 77.2 per cent; while in general certain facts appear evident. the German Evangelical Synod, the With the exception of the Seventh- Armenian, Buddhist and other bodies, day Adventists and Disciples, the the foreign language is the only one largest increase has been in those used. In some of the churches, as the bodies affected most by the immigra- Baptist, Congregational, Presbyterian tion of the past period. Among the and others, about 10 per cent report Lutheran bodies, while all have a foreign language, but it seems to in- grown, those which have grown the dicate missionary work for immi- most are those which have received grants rather than an adaptation to the largest accessions of this type. the necessities of their membership.

To this also is unquestionably due the Without going further into detail, high percentage in the Roman Cath- certain conclusions are evident. The olic Church. The same thing is evi- Christian churches of the country dent when it comes to noting the have not only held their own, but have growth of membership in the different gained in proportion to the total popu- sections of the country and in the lation of the country. That gain, cities. however, is due principally, if not en- The States showing the largest in- tirely, to the fact that the greater part

i911 ] THE PROGRESS OF RELIGION IN THE UNITED STATES

of the immigration has been of a type ganization has advanced from 124 to identified with some form of religious 157, and that the number of church life, and has been immediately 111- edifices has increased 35.3 per cent cluded as a church asset. faster than the organizations, due A word should be said as to the partly to the substitution of regular non-church-member population. As church edifices for the halls, which the membership of the various re- were largely reported in 1890. It is ligious bodies represents 39.1 per in the value of these edifices, however, cent of the total population, it follows that the increased strength of the that 60.9 per cent of that population various denominations is manifested are not members. It has not infre- most clearly, so far as that can be quently been assumed that these were .measured by such standards. And at least non-religious. In fact, they here we are able with some degree of include six classes: ( I) Practically satisfaction to trace the progress all children in Protestant bodies under through the earlier censuses. The re- fifteen years of age; (2) all children ports were as follows: In 1850, $87,- in Roman Catholic churches under 328,801; 1860, $171,397,932, increase nine years of age; (3) all Mormon 96.2 per cent; 1870, $354,483,581, in- children under eight years of age; (4) crease 106.8 per cent; 1890, $679,- all adults and members of Jewish 426,489, increase 91.6 per cent; 1906, families aside from the heads of fam- $1,257,575,867, increase 85 per cent.

ilies; (5) the members of 1,812 Averages are somewhat unsatis- church organizations which made no factory, owing to varying interpreta- report as to membership; (6) the tions of the term "church edifices,"

large number of persons identified but the average for 1906, $6,756, as with church life, attendant upon its compared with $4,768 for 1890, on services, contributing to its support essentially the same basis, indicates and its activities, but not enrolled in the more substantial char:tcter of the its membership. There is no suffi- buildings. Among the averages re- cient basis for an estimate of the ported by different bodies are: Uni- figures for these classes, but they tarians, $35,131; Jews, $31,056; should be kept in mind in any con- Roman Catholics, $28,431; Christian sideration of this phase of the situa- Scientists, $21,96r; Protestant Epis- tion. copal Church, $20,644. Other inter- Church Organizations and Property esting items illustrating the strength The strength of the religious bodies of the churches are those in regard to as indicated by the number and size debt on church property and the of their organizations and the charac- number and value of parsonages and ter and value of their property. manses. Only 33,617 organizations, The number of local church organ- or 18.1 per cent of the total, reported izations reported in 1906 is 212,230, any debt. The total amount was an increase of 28.5 per cent over 1890, $ro8,o50,946, an average of $3,214 per as against an increase of 60.4 per cent organization reporting. The highest in membership. That they have averages belong to the Roman Cath- gained in strength is seen in the facts olic Church, $r2,058 ; Jewish congre- that the average membership per or- gations, $IO, I48 ; Eastern Orthodox

Churches (Russian and Greek), in the interests of a metropolitan $5,012. A little more than one- daily, but after some months of effort, quarter, 54,214, of the local organiza- found the situation so confused, and tions report parsonages valued at there was such apathy on the part of $143,495,853, an average of $2,647. the officials of the different societies, The Methodist Episcopal Church is that he gave it up. It was, therefore, most liberal in numbers, reporting with special interest that he found the 12,215, but the Roman Catholic effort to accomplish this purpose in- Church supplies the most elaborate, augurated by the Bureau of the Cen- costing on an average $5,708. To sus. With the support of the Gov- what degree these represent what are ernment, and the assistance of a now known as parish houses it is diffi- sufficient clerical force, a measure of cult to say, but in all probability most order has been secured, and the fig- of those reported by the Roman Cath- ures presented in the report, tho olic and Eastern Orthodox churches recognized as not complete, are suffi- are of that type. ciently so to give a fair conception of In regard to these figures, it must the work of the churches for those be noted that they are not complete, outside of their own communities.

and represent less than the truth. A A review of the general situation considerable number of organizations will assist in the interpretation of the made no report at all of certain items. statistics. Three spe~ial difficulties Thus 26,og8 organizations made no are mentioned in the report: different report as to the value of their church forms of organization for work; property. Among them were some diverse methods of financial state- that own no property, as most of the ment; and especially, incomplete re- Plymouth Brethren and Non-sectarian turns.

Churches of Bible Faith; a large pro- In most of the larger bodies, Bap- portion of'the Jewish synagogs, and tist, Congregational, Methodist, and many of the colored churches, espe- Presbyterian, and in some smaller de- cially in the South. All averages and nominations, the different depart- percentages are based on the numbers ments of work are under the care of actually reported, and in each case, distinct societies. Thus, there is one both the total number of organizations society for home missions emphasizing in each denomination, and the number general evangelism; another for the reporting any particular item, are erection of church buildings and par- stated. Making all allowances thus, it sonages; another for work among is evident that the material strength of negroes, Indians and immigrants; the churches has kept pace with the another for Sunday-school and pub- general development of the country. lication work; another for foreign Church Activities missions, besides a considerable num- ber of minor societies for special ob- For many years there has been an j ects. In the Protestant Episcopal increasing desire to secure as complete Church a single general society nom- a presentation of the home work of inally covers the whole field, but the the churches as of the foreign work. dioceses often carryon a practically The writer once undertook the task independent work. In the smaller

CONTRIBUTIONS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1906, FOR DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

CONTRIBUTIONS FOR DOMESTIC WORK Total Amount Per cent of Average For Missions Commll1ticants Total Amount for Per cent of Amount per Member or Amount Foreign Work Total Amount Home and Contributed Foreign Members Dam. Foreign I I I Total I I I , , , , Amount For Home For PhilaFntohrropy for Missions Dom. Foreign Prlissions Education Home Foreign Work Worll All denominations reporting………….. 19,918,048 $47,420,546 $38,675,919 $12,762,271 $17,665,445 $8,248,203 $8,744,627 81.6 18.4 $21,506,898 59.3 40.7 $1.72 $ .4$ 19,500,572 42,437,733 Protestant bodies ………………….. 33,781,752 12,616,210 17,337,265 3,828,277 8,655,981 79.6 20.4 21,272,191 59.3 40.7 1.73 .44 Seventh·day Adventists ……………… 62,211 532,255 265,599 161,099 20,000 84,500 266,656 49.9 50.1 427,755 37.7 62.3 4.26 4.28 Other Adventists (2 bodies) ………… 27,308 43,320 10,338 1,934 8,404 32,982 23.9 76.1 34,916 5.5 94.5 .37 1.20 ……. Northern Baptist Convention …………. 1,052,105 12,548,532 11,732,896 1,811,799 9,921,097 815,636 93.5 6.5 2,627,435 69.0 31.0 11.16 .77 Southern Baptist Convention …………. 1 2,009,471 1,622,650 1,218,839 251,984 725,900 … ~ … 403,811 75.1 24.9 655,795 ~.4 61.6 National Baptist (Colored) Convention ..• 2,261,607 17,628 80,000 83.9 16.1 36,355 48.4 51.6 .51 .20 116,355 97,628 80,000 5,202 240,955 18,727 70.9 19.1 13,400 59.7 40.3 Seventh·day Baptists ……………….. 8,381 18,602 13,202 55,990 6,770 5,400 50.0 50.0 118,572 47.2 52.8 .04 .01 81,359 62,760 …………… 62,582 Free Baptists … , ………………….. 125,342 10,000 5,000 51.9 48.1 1.57 .64 15,000 7,000 14,550 ……. 13,879 81.1 18.9 Christian Connection ………………. 21,550 5,000 95.0 5.0 .77 .76 18,995 17,462 475 ………….. 1,000 43.7 46.3 Churches of God (Winebrennerian) ……. 110,117 28,879 1,034,154 969,789 64,365 79.5 20.5 23,879 41.8 58.2 .14 .12 Churches of the New Jerusalem (2) …..•• 26,550 1,735,456 641,456 1,044,000 1,058 891,979 64.4 35.6 12,000 58.3 41.7 Congregationalists ………………….. 24,356 ! 19,995 127,106 79,606 446,353 85.5 14.5 18,462 94.5 5.5 .86 .20 7,247 1,926,133 413,965 23,500 61,366 ……. 43.4 56.6 1,861,768 52.1 47.9 Disciples of Christ ………………… 700,480 2,181,809 75,000 317,842 1,000 70,051 85.6 14.4 1,087,809 59.0 41.0 2.62 .13 982,701 197,157 173,327 14,000 44,457 50,000 70,250 93,551 25.0 75.0 Dunkers (2 bodies) ……….•……•.••• 93,589 484,215 27,000 24,000 97,500 81.4 18.6 388,092 81.9 18.1 1.47 1.27 Evangelical bodies (2) ………•……… 174,780 172,500 319,546 51,666 34,757 29,067 89.3 10.7 111,500 12.5 87.5 Friends (3 bodies) ………………….. 113,601 202,394 328,255 168,380 171,650 60,000 97.8 2.2 56,067 48.2 51.8 1.76 .45 German Evangelical Synod…………… 293,137 635,726 147,647 158,000 101,870 73,172 83.6 16.4 530,019 137,726 270,559 39,245 89.6 10.4 1.35 .74 Lutherans ………………………… 103,195 22,000 99,500 14,021 84.7 15.3 General Synod ………………….. 57,000 25,000 21,481 8,958 103,756 90.9 9.1 2.36 .40 General Council …………………. 54,108 97.3 2.7 Synodical Conference …………….. 22,329 15,082 12,271 340,000 6,600 94.1 5.9 .66 .86 20,800 5,058 17,500 156,265 9,721 Norwegian Synods (6) …………….. 144,337 3,300 101,545 2,218 .59 .09 24,667 10,000 Ohio Synod …………………….. 270,221 392,718 17,545 579 241,552 69.7 30.3 1.18 .26 Iowa Synod …………………….. 462,177 367,500 7,904 648,529 649,747 .5..,0.0..0 I 186,892 79.0 21.0 .71 .08 Danish Synods (2) ……………..•… 354,430 633,775 90.8 9.2 Finnish Synods (2) ……..•………• 123,408 18,125 151,747 .98 .02 Other Synods (6) …………………. 110,254 63,600 28,881 63,829 206,951 50.0 50.0 1.49 .29 23,018 24,547 21,379 31,600 79.0 21.0 .46 .05 70,530 152,241 24,803 60.8 39.2 .49 .09 7,276 69.5 30.5 .77 .07 3,879 85.0 15.0 .90 .02 32,571 75.7 24.3 2.04 .11 Mennonite bodies (4) ……………….. 40,776 153,478 86,290 41,807 22,000 22,483 67,188 56.2 43.8 108,995 38.4 61.6 2.11 1.64 Methodist Episcopal Church …………. 2,986,154 5,580,421 4,277,723 2,413,286 1,008,066 856,371 1,302,698 76.7 23.3 3,715,984 64.9 35.1 1.43 .43 1,638480 2,214,316 1,447,689 432,454 690,235 325,000 766,627 65.4 34.6 1,199,081 36.1 63.9 Methodist Epi":'opal Church, South ……. 15,600 45,874 28,606 68.7 31.3 35.2 64.8 .88 .46 Methodist l'rotestant Church …………. 178,544 91,580 62,974 4,127 24,815 1,500 10,061 74.2 25.8 44,206 29.0 71.0 Wesleyan Methodist Church………….. 20,043 39,003 28,942 4,416 1,500 800 88.0 12.0 14,188 84.6 15.4 .35 .16 Primitive Methodist Church ………..•.. 15,000 28,438 ……. 56,285 53.0 47.0 21.4 78.6 Free Methodist Church ………………. 7,558 6,716 5,916 79,020 220,500 ……. 12,750 95.9 4.1 5,216 86.1 13.9 1.44 .50 African Methodist Churches (4) ………. 32,838 119,954 63,669 71,285 856,662 312,270 299,520 20,231 91,770 .78 .10 ……. 1.93 1.7.

.35 .01 Moravians (2 bodies) ……………….. 17,926 57,035 32,528 22,550 3,378 6,600 24,507 57.0 43.0 47,057 47.9 52.1 1.81 1.37 Presbyterians in U. S. A…………….. 1,179,566 4,245,287 3,062,771 2,215,188 847,583 ……. 1,182,516 72.1 27.9 3,397,704 65.2 34.8 2.59 1.00 Presbyterians in "U. S……………….. 266,345 1,214,438 948,120 232,757 632,000 266,318 78.1 21.9 499,075 46.6 53.4 United Presbyterians ………..•…..•.• 130,342 443,865 325,050 83,363 366,164 54.8 45.2 691,214 47.0 53.0 3.56 1.00 195,770 810,029 101,952 83,597 51,476 67,339 72,121 58.5 41.5 155,718 53.6 46.4 Cumberland Presbyterians …………… 9,122 174,073 53,211 37,896 15,000 3,355 20,965 71.5 28.5 58,861 64.3 35.7 3.41 2.81 49,393 21,472 18,972 10,398 33,620 38.9 62.1 52,592 36.0 64.0 Reformed Presbyterian Synod ………..•• 74,176 2,500 …4.,9..1.7 .89 .37 Other Presbytei'ian bodies (6) ………… 886,942 55,092 2,665,133 1,068,155 549,070 82.9 17.1 1,617,225 66.0 34.0 442,142 1,154,836 5.83 2.30 Protestant Epmcopal Church …………. 3,214,203 .43 .61 3.01 .62 Reformed Church in America………..•• 124,938 349,691 169,824 115,085 54,739 …….. 179,867 48.5 51.5 294,952 38.9 61.1 1.36 t.44 Reformed Church in U. S ……………. 292,654 299,199 203,099 110,000 93,099 ……. 96,100 206,100 Christian Reformed Church ..•……••..•..• 129,661 129,661 104,661 67.8 32.2 53.3 46.7 .69 ..3. 3, 26,669 185,000 185,000 24,000 1,000 ……. 24,000 4.86 Unitarians …………………. ………. 70,542 323,377 238,671 185,000 ……. ……. … 100.0 …. 185,000 …. 100.0 2.63 .. . 296,050 109,558 ……. 194,264 . 100.0 … United Brethren in Christ (2 bodies) ….•• 119,113 84,706 . 100.0 .80 .29 10,000 56.4 43.6 73.8 26.2 Universalists ………………………. 64,158 73,821 65,321 65,321 ……. . …… 8,500 88.4 13.6 73,821 88.4 11.6 1.02 .13 38,822 98,889 60,466 30,833 38,423 61.1 38.9 69,256 44.5 55.5 1.55 1.00 Other Protestant bodies (10) ..•••..•••••• 10,884 18,749 3,165 3,861 3,861 3,861 ………………… 100.0 …. 3,861 100.0 …. 1.22 ………. Buddhists, Japanese ………………… 19,111 2,000 2,000 ……. ……. …….. . ….. …….. …. .10 4,419,563 4,419,563 , -,' …… ……. 88,646 100.0 …… …. Russian Church …………………… …… 482,435 . 393,789 ……. 2,000 100.0 … 70,454 70,454 115,391 4,304,172 ……. Jewish Congregations ……………….. 256,647 4,500 4,500 137,000 174,789 ……. 81.6 18.4 225,646 60.7 39.3 1.53 ..3..4 Latter·day Saints (2 bodies) •••••••.••.••• 2,040 700 82,000 700 34.53 Society for Ethical Culture ..•…..•.••.• .3..8.,0..0.0 100.0 …. …. 100.0 35,056 , 4,500 .3.1..,7.5..4 100.0 …. 4,500 …. 100.0 .12 Spiritualists ……………………….. I NOTE-The figures for the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., and for the Cumberland Presbyterian Church are for the year preceding the Act of Union. The number of Jewish members IS not given, as, for the purposes of this table it is misleading, and in making up the average of conllributions per member for the Department of Domestic Work, the Jewish contributions are excluded. The figures for the Moravian churches are practically for the Unitas Fratrum alone, as both the membership and c~)Otributions of the Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren are very small. bodies the organization is more simple, In very few cases were all the ques- and in some there is none at all, the tions answered, and frequently such individual churches contributing as figures as were given were incomplete.

they choose. In the Roman Catholic Schools were mentioned, but no hint Church the religious orders carry on given as to their grade, no pupils were the work on mutually independent reported and no value of property, or lines. if the last was stated there was no in- The methods of work and terms dication as to what the item covered.

used to describe them are almost as Sometimes correspondence elicited the diverse as the forms of organization. desired information, but frequently it Missionaries include both sexes and was evident that the authorities in the all grades, from colporteurs to bishops; denominations, tho cordial and ready a mission is an ecclesiastical body, a to respond, were themselves not posted district, a building, or a revival; as to the facts. An effort was made schools include kindergarten, paro- to learn the number and membership chial, academy, and college grades, in of the young people's societies, but name at least, tho the distinction is not without success.

always evident. Certain facts, however, it was possi- Great confusion arose from the ble to gather, and these are presented financial statements. The general in the descriptive text of the different purpose was to show the amount con- denominations in Part II of the re- tributed by the churches in the United port. Such as were fairly comparable States for the various departments of are presented in the general summary missionary and benevolent work du- of Part I in three tables: I. Do- ring a calendar year. But the calen- mestic work-missionary, educational, dar years closed with every month and philanthropic, the institutions, from January to December. The re- agencies employed and amounts con- ports that came in included frequently tributed. 2. Foreign mission work, in- not only the contributions by the stitutions, agencies and contributions.

churches, but income from invested 3. Contributions for domestic and for- funds, grants toward endowments, eign work compared. A modification fees for tuition or treatment in hos- of this last table is presented in con- pitals or asylums, etc. In some in- nection with this article.

stances the figures represented not the Of the 186 denominations, 75 are income of the societies, but their ex- not represented in the tables. Most of penditures, or even their appropria- them have no organized work of any tions. Furthermore, different author- sort, tho it does not follow that they ities, supposed to be equally reliable, do no missionary or benevolent work.

furnished varying figures for the Among them are the Churches of same organization. Thus the income Christ, protesting against the societies for one society was given in two dif- of the Disciples, tho they contribute ferent forms by two officials, while individually to some form of mission- summaries in different ways presented ary effort; the Plymouth Brethren, In- still other results. dependent churches, most of the The most serious difficulty, how- Evangelistic Associations, etc. Of the ever, arose from incomplete returns. remaining I I I organizations, 75 are

represented in both the domestic and to represent in any orie particular the foreign work tables, 29 in the domes- stun total of the share of the religious tic work tables, but not in the foreign, bodies in the general welfare of the and seven in the foreign but not in country.

the domestic. The summary of con- Notwithstanding these limitations, tributions represents only 92 denom- it is significant that the total amount inations, as several bodies reporting reported as contributed by these re- other items gave no figures under this ligious bodies in 1906 was $47,420,- head. Chief among them is the 546, and that of this sum 81.6 per Roman Catholic Church; partial re- cent was for expenditure in the United ports were available for one organ- States, against r8.4 per cent for for- ization, but they were so meager that eign lands. Of this total, $21,506,898, to publish them would involve a or 45.3 per cent, was for missions, serious misrepresentation. home and foreign, and of this amount In reviewing these tables it is to be 59·3 per cent was for home missions remembered that they are limited and 40,7 per cent for foreign missions.

to strictly denominational statistics. When it is remembered that the fig- Only those contributions are included ures for foreign missions include which pass through denominational many items which in this country channels, and those institutions which come under the head of education and are under denominational control. philanthropy, it will be evident that Thus the large sums of money given there is no substantial basis for the to such organizations as the Y. M. claim that Americans favor foreign C. A. or the American Bible Society, lands at the expense of their own.

do not appear; nor those educational A comparison of the contributions or philanthropic institutions which, for home and foreign work, and par- tho closely identified with religious ticularly of those for home and for- bodies, are not under denominational eign missions, shows that the larger control. Accordingly, while the fig- proportion for domestic work, or ures for missions, home and foreign, home missions, is given by those may be considered as fairly complete, bodies most directly affected by im- those for education and philanthropy migration. Thus, in the Lutheran are far below the truth. As illus- bodies, the German Evangelical Synod, trative of this it is to be noted that the Christian Reformed Church, do- no figures at all appear under the mestic work and missions greatly out- head of philanthropy for the Congre- class the foreign. In the Northern gationalists, Presbyterians or Uni- Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and tarians, altho the members of these other bodies, the proportion is more bodies are most liberal in the support nearly equal, while in the Southern of such institutions. On the other bodies of the same families the for- hand, the figures for Roman Cath- eign work outclasses the home work.

olic institutions, educational and phil'- Other facts of note are the great at- anthropic, are fairly complete, but tention given by the newer denom- there are no figures at all for Roman inations, and particularly by those Catholic contributions. The result is of foreign origin, to education and that the tables must not be understood philanthropy; illustrated by the em-

PROGRESS OF RELIGION IN THE UNITED

phasis on parochial schools in certain but there were several such registered Lutheran bodies; the effort to provide in the former report, and the size for the poor members of the com- of a denomination furnishes by no munity. The columns of averages per means an accurate criterion of its im- member furnish some interesting sug- portance. It is also true that a num- gestions. In this connection it is per- ber are the result of immigration, and tinent to note that the large amount will probably gradually unite with credited to the Northern Baptist Con- similar bodies. After all allowances vention for education, which brings are made, it remains true that so far up the percentages and averages, from lessening, the number of de- seems to be due partly to certain large nominations that give promise of donations to the Chicago University, permanency has materially increased.

so that Baptists in particular and all A careful study of the descriptive religious bodies in general, share in statements of the denominations will, the effect of Mr. Rockefeller's dona- however, bring out certain points tions. which deserve special emphasis, and Did space permit, the consideration modify somewhat the first impression.

of the tables of work of the denom- In the first place, doctrinal re- inations, incomplete as they are, semblances bulk much more largely might be extended with interest and than doctrinal differences, and the profit. They certainly deserve the members of even opposing churches careful consideration of all those in- are coming to realize that while they terested in the practical relations of may phrase their beliefs very dif- the churches to the community at ferently, the content of each is, after large. all, very much the same. This will be Mutual Relations of the DenominatioD8 apparent, I believe, to anyone who, There are few people who, entirely with open mind, will read and study aside from their ecclesiastical views, the statements of doctrine of the de- do not feel that denominational di- nominations, with a view to learning visions, at least to the degree to which what they consider to be the essentials they are carried, are not merely a blot of their belief. These statements are on church life and a hindrance to its not, of course, doctrinal treatises, but spiritual influence, but a great eco- the effort was made to secure from nomic waste. The fundamental ques- each religious body a clear, satisfac- tion in the minds of many, therefore, tory statement of its doctrinal basis, will be, are there any indications in and while probably some may be dis- this report of progress toward a better satisfied, it is believed that they fairly condition. represent the situation in each body in The apparent answer of the tables this respect.

is not encouraging. Since the report In the second place, ecclesiastical of 1890 there have been 6r denom- barriers are breaking down, or per- inations added to the list, a net in- haps more accurately, becoming so crease of 41. It is true that a number confused that it is difficult always to of these are small, and to be regarded trace them. The denominations have as associations of churches rather been roughly divided into four classes: than as fully organized denominations, hierarchical, episcopal, representative

and independent. There are, how- sisterhoods, leagues, movements, ever, few, if any, that can be placed clubs-societies of every conceivable exclusively in anyone of these classes. type. Perhaps most notable of all is Even the hierarchical bodies are feel- the fellowship that is developing in ing the surging of independency; the the conduct of this work, particularly Episcopal bodies are almost as repre- as it is brought about in the great con- sentative in character as those avowed- ferences and congresses, where the ly so; the representative bodies are workers of all denominations meet to more and more independent, while the discuss their work, rather than their independent bodies are looking with opinions, and find that with one pur- longing eyes at the advantages of rep- pose and only slightly differing beliefs resentative and even episcopal or- and methods they are ever drawing ganization. Ecclesiastically as well as closer together, until not a few ac- doctrinally, the dividing lines are be- claim the day of unity, even organic coming blurred. unity, as near at hand.

In the third place, there is manifest There are, however, forces at work the positive harmonizing influence of of which comparatively little note is an increasing emphasis on the prac- generally taken, but which become tical, every-day work of the churches very manifest as one studies carefully for those outside of their own com- the underlying causes for the existence munion. This will appear very of the denominations. These forces are noticeably in the section on the work essentially the same as those that ap- of the denominations. The tables al- pear in our general political, industrial ready noticed give some indication of and financial life: viz., the tendency it, but the text presents it in much toward centralization and the protest fulIet form. There is the broadening of individualism. There is on the one of educational interests, including on hand the conviction that union is the one hand universities and col- strength, and organization is power; leges; on the other, the parochial on the other, a fear lest union tend schools of the Lutheran, Episcopal and to monopoly, and organization to Roman Catholic churches, and the tyranny. Aside from the representa- mission schools of other bodies; the tives of the old bodies of Europe and care for the immigrants as they land Asia and those that give expression to and scatter over the country, illus- some new cult, there are few, if any, trated by the number of churches that of the 186 denominations, whether report the forty-one languages, be- large or small, whose origin is not due sides English, used in church services; primarily to the operation of one or the provision for the needy manifest the other of these influences. Did in the establishment of orphanages, space permit, illustration after illus- asylums, homes, hospitals of many tration might be given. Most per- kinds; the realization of social needs tinent, perhaps, is that of the result for which institutional churches, par- of the Methodist-Presbyterian-Bap- ish houses, settlements, libraries, etc., tist protest, in the latter part of the have been established. Men, women, eighteenth century, against the su- and young people are organized in premacy of denominational authority, brotherhoods, orders of deaconesses, the rigidity of denominational rules,

PROGRESS OF RELIGION IN THE UNITED

and the exclusiveness of denomina- naturally fellowship together and tional names. At first refusing any work together easily to a common association, almost dreading fellow- end. ship, standing firm on the principle that each company of believers is a That great progress has been made Christian church, and to be known by toward better mutual relations beno other name than that of Christian tween the denominations, notwithor Disciple, through the exigencies of standing the increase in the number of common work, they were compelled to bodies, is, it seems to me, very evicome together, some into what is dent. To develop it to the full will known as the Christian Connection, require, on the part of all, not merely others into the Disciples of Christ. mutual respect and confidence, but a Here, again, there arose the dread of demonstration that Christian unity organization, and the Churches of is not inconsistent with diversity of Christ are classed by themselves, belief and of methods, whether in while over the question of delegate worship or in work; and that organmembership in missionary societies ization means mutual cooperation there was, for a time, danger of still rather than the dominance of anyone another division and the development form or element. If this can be seof four denominations where a cen- cured, the cherished aim, with all its tury ago there was the protest against grandeur as well as its simplicity, will any denomination at all. be secured, and the Church will prove to be the one Kingdom of God. It appears thus that while there are very evident tendencies, negatively, to Since the above was written the the elimination of the influences which General Convention of the Protestant in the past have been very largely Episcopal Church and the Nationthe occasion of divisions, and pos- al Council of the Congregational itively to bring the different bodies Churches have issued statements into fellowship, and perhaps ultimately which emphasize this position; while, into union, there are other forces as these words are penned, represenoperating, not so much in opposition tatives of three great Methodist bodies to these unifying forces, as to bring are in session in Baltimore discussing about new alignments or affiliations, organic union, the formal recognition chiefly for active church work. It is of the passing of those conditions one thing for a body to split off from which occasioned separation. It is another body because of disagree- significant that the impulse in each ment, a very different thing for a body case seems to have come from the to be formed by those, whether per- inspiration of the great missionary sons or local organizations, who conference at Edinburgh.

MISSIONS AND THE WORLD'S

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF BRITISH MISSIONS: TO PHILOLOGY, BIBLE TRANSLATION AND NATIVE LITERATURE BY REV. JAMES JOHNSTON, BOLTON, ENGLAND Even in circles of comparative in- production of other smaller societies, telligence men scarcely realize to what whose labors in philology and native an extent the civilized world is in- literature have great value and in- debted to missionary toils for its fluence in the mission fields.

knowledge of the science of philology A brief survey of these glorious.

and for the growth of vernacular liter- if silently wrought, successes lends ature. Within the nineteenth century, emphasis to a tribute of the English which practically covers the era of Spectator that, in the command of modern missions, an amazing amount foreign tongues, "no class of 1!1en on of evidence leads the London Times earth, except German professors, to say that this work "would itself re- would attempt to rival English mis- deem the work of the missionaries sionaries in linguistic achievements.

from the stigma of failure."* There are men among them, in dozens, A glance at the records of philo- as familiar with the folklore of the logical triumphs shows results on a Semitic peoples, and others who have prodigious scale. Dr. Dennis's mas- mastered thoroughly the so-called 'im- terly volume, a "Centennial Survey possible' languages, learned Chinese of Foreign Missions," contains over and popular Singhalese."

forty pages of titles of translations put It is perhaps not necessary to point down to the credit of missionary learn- out that in hundreds of instances these ing and scholarship. If the linguistic laborious tasks, marked by cultured activities of the chief missionary or- gifts, and superb devotion, were car- ganizations in the United Kingdom ried through with scanty literary ap- be taken into consideration, the "Cen- paratus, at distant mission outposts, in tenary Volume" (1899), of the Eng- regions haunted by malaria, and amid lish Church Missionary Society scenes of barbarism and imminent alone, presents an impressive array peril_ of nineteen pages, comprizing the In this department of missionary names of 382 contributors, credited service one authority tells us of nearly with thousands of publications in up- two hundred African languages and ward of 114 different languages and dialects ·which have been illustrated dialects. Of the seventy versions for by grammars, dictionaries, vocabu- which the society is indebted to the laries, and translations of the Bible, Bible Society, the majority have been entirely through "evangelists" hailing prepared by its own missionaries, the from British shores. "Many of these number and quality of which have tongues," Sir H. Johnston likewise not been surpassed by those of any notices, "were on the point of extinc- similar organization. In addition to tion and have since become extinct, the work of this society we have the and we owe our knowledge of them .. In the present article we shall confine our- solely to the missionaries' intervenselves to the achievements of Britisq missionaries, tion." On the other hand, they have those of the United States, and possibly the Con- given fixity and wider utility to numtinent of Europe, requiring a separate paper for bers of native tongues ranging from their discussion. "dialects spoken by a few thousands markable protectorates at the present of uneducated Indians in Northwest day holding allegiance to the British America-found without grammar or Crown.

alphabet-to the great languages of Of modern issue and conspicuous India and China, used by scores of service are the productions of the Rev.

millions, the vehicles of ancient liter- and Hon. Dr. Hetherwick, of Blan- atures and profound philosophies." tyre, comprizing a handbook and New By such instrumentalities have heralds Testament in Yao, a manual in Chin- of the cross provided a civilization to yanja, and the principal share in the savages and a literature to peoples that latest translation of the New Testa- had no alphabet. Of this type the ment in the same tongue; coupled Livingstonia Mission is a characteris- with the Chinyanja Dictionary by Dr.

tic example. Dr. Laws, its devoted Laws; the Ngoni and English-Tum:.

superintendent, observes that, thirty buka Dictionary by Drs. Elmslie and years ago, not a soul in Central Af- Steele, respectively (the Tumbuka rica knew a letter of the alphabet. language being spoken by 25,000 na- As regards the spheres of pioneer- tives); and the Mananja Dictionary, a ing linguistical triumphs, some notable work by the late Dr. D. C. R. Scott, specimens relate to the languages of worthy of a high place "in the roll-call the African continent, including those of the heroes of the Christian faith" as of West Africa, viz.: Susu, Bullom, a pioneer leader of the Blantyre Mis- and the like; Isenberg's Amharic Dic- sion. With these may be linked a tionary; J. F. Schon's Dictionary, and volume entitled, "Africana," from the Hansa Studies, since extended and pen of the Rev. Alex Duff, pro- utilized by the Hansa Association, nounced one of the best books ever further supplemented by the Rev. C. written on Africa. Through the H. Robinson's researches, also of a agency of the Liyingstonia Printing bygone time; the exhaustive works of Press as many as ten native languages Ludwig Krapf in the "linguas" of have been reduced to writing by mis- East Africa; Rebmann on Swahii, sionaries in the British Central Af- and kindred tongues; Moffat's Sech- rica Protectorate, besides the several uana version of the Bible; S. W. translations into the vernacular, all Koelle's imposing "Polyglotta Af- marking an extraordinary advance ricana," a comparison of one hundred upon an aggregate of fourteen African African languages, and recent trans- languages reported to have been lations into Kongolese by that great printed between the year of Living- linguist, Holman Bentley. Mingled stone's death in 1873, and the first associations gather around the her- issue of the Chinyanja New Testa- culean toils of George Lawrence Pil- ment in 1886, under Dr. Laws' super- kington, who, at the close of the vision. .

nineteenth century, in the space of Attention should be called to the.

eight crowded years, prepared the "Union" Ibo version (West Africa) New Testament and the major part of of the New Testament, the' fruit of the Old Testament for the Baganda Archdeacon Dennis's zealous labors, people, subjects of one of the most re- issued by the British· and Foreign Bible Society in 1909. The 1bo of McClatchie, A. B. Hutchinson, and tongue, the speeLh of upward of others, in China, claim an honorable 4,000,000 out of the 6,000,000 in- place in any philological record. To habitants, is the most prevalent of the these should be added the numerous eight distinct languages spoken in versions in the Maori of New Zealand Southern Nigeria. More recently, the by Williams, the Malayalam works of Archdeacon, under the auspices of the Benjamin Bailey, and the Cree, Ojib- Church Missionary Society, has em- eway, Eskimo, and various Northbarked upon the larger undertaking of west American dialects in considerable a "Union" Ibo version of the Old number. Testament. Commenting upon the changes around the seaboard of this Of Bible translations in the world's extensive tract of domain in West foremost tongues a truly inspiring Africa, it has been admirably said: record may be submitted. Missionary "To have the whole Bible translated purpose is here represented by some into the Ibo language and in use in of its noblest works.* the Ibo country, which ten years ago was closed against the white man by These heroic souls have reaiii~~i the the tyranny of a crafty and cruel su- old Latin motto afresh, Finis coronat perstition, is one' of those signs of the opus-"The end crowns the work." oriward march of the Kingdom of Men who have compelled the world to God which can not be gainsaid." For admit that the best translations date the accomplishment of this important from the mission field, by those postask by Archdeacon Dennis the repre- sessing "the mystery of making paper sentatives of the Old Calabar Mission talk," to use a quaint expression of belonging to the United Free Church native wonder. of Scotland will give their hearty cooperation. Pathetic and thrilling is the story of the translation of God's Word in the To the scholarship of missions the Malagasy tongue. Ere the storms of world is debtor for Tamil works by persecution swept over this "Great Rhenius, in South India; to the African Island," the pioneer mission- Church Missionary Society agents for aries to the Malagasies, who arrived grammars and lexicons in the tongues in 1817, "had only eighteen years in of the Hill Tribes, Malto, Santali, which to work before they were ex- Gondi, and similar aboriginals; and to pelled, but they used them to good the undaunted Moravian missionaries, profit." At the capital, Antananarivo, in the interior, they first learned the Jaeschke and Heyde, for a Tibetan language, next reduced it to writing, and afterward completed the transladictionary and translation of the Bible, tion and printed with their own hands respectively. Altho the principal lan- the whole Bible from Genesis to Revguages of India and China, were in elation. This preCious legacy the misearlier ages treated by their own sionaries left to their converts, upon scholars and have engaged in modern whom the Queen of Madagascar times the study of a distinguished wreaked her vengeance for twentyband of scholars, yet the Sindhi re- six long, weary years-when they searches of Trumpp and Shirt, in India, and the linguistic masterpieces '* These include translations into 500 languages and dialects, many of them never before reduced to writing. themselves were banished as dis- writings of Dr. Hobson, of Hong- turbers of her subjects in 1835. In kong, or Dr. Kerr, of Canton; Dr.

the last quarter of the century a much- Morrison's Chinese Dictionary, an in- needed revision of the· Malagasy comparable task, a copy of this weigh- Scriptures was made, to the comple- ing forty-five pounds, forms one of tion of which the Revs. W. E. Cousins the literary curiosities of the British and L. Dahle, of the Norwegian Mis- Museum; Dr. Legge's erudite com- sionary Society, a most accomplished pilation of the "Chinese Classics"; linguist, were notable coworkers; the Hewlett's translations of patristic former subsequently producing his writings into Urdu; pfander's contro- valued translation of the Bible in the versial treatises; and, of present date, speech of the Malagasy. Dr. Timothy Richard's translation in Notwithstanding that the number of eight volumes of Mackenzie's "History languages in which the complete Bible of Christian Civilization in the Nine- is now printed was trebled in the teenth Century"; the doctor being an course of the nineteenth century, wide ardent Chinese educational reformer is the field which still remains un- and the widely known secretary and reaped. According to the Rev. H. B. inspirer of the Christian Literature Macartney, of the two thousand lan- Society, than which no society has guages and dialects spoken by the done more for China and its millions.

human family, only five hundred have Other eminent names whose produc- the Scriptures in any shape or form tions appear in many tongues are too whatever. In other words, taking the numerous to mention.

old world and the new together, there Notable, likewise, are standard are some 1,600 races and tribes whose translations of Chinese literature into languages are wholly or largely un- the English language, for which stu- known to Europeans. dents and young missionaries in China Concerning miscellaneous transla- are under the greatest obligation.

tions and vernacular literature in gen- Specimens of this class include a eral, dealing with every phase of na- classic volume on Taoism by the Rev.

tive life and thought, the issues are Dr. Chalmers, the valuable works of quite beyond calculation. For the un- the Rev. Dr. Edkins on the Chinese cultivated races these have been of an language and literature, and a treatise elementary character as compared on Buddhism by Dr. Eitel, the best with controversial publications, e.g., exponent of that ancient system of books of theology and devotion, or of worship.

history, science and philosophy, etc.; Reviewing briefly the place of to meet the wants of civilized com- Christian vernacular literature in munities in India, China, and Japan; Oriental lands, the urgency is every- indicative of amazing activity among where apparent for the provision of literary missionaries and the broad wants-intellectual and spiritual-on outlook of the societies whkh they behalf of millions of souls. In the represent. production of such literature, which is In this department it is only possible largely the creation of the past cen- to refer to a few works of acknowl- tury, missionaries have not on1y -b~en edged celebrity, such as the medical the pioneers of vernacular edu~MiQrr~_, they have also been among the first to For the creation of this type of employ the vernacular as literary literature it is universally agreed that vehicles. In the preparation thereof missionaries, or men of like culture, they have rendered greater service already fitted for literary work, should than the churches at home have recog- be set free to discharge it; to occupy nized. In a word, the use of a ver- certain linguistic areas, and to supernacular Christian literature by mis- intend the preparation of Christian sions, tho capable of wide develop- literature in each of the different lanment, has been an enlightening means guages of the people. under Providence for the hastening of the day of the Lord. In order to appreciate the magnitude of the task it should be noticed that a On the other hand, anti-Christian reference to Christian literature "for and pernicious vernacular literature India" is, of course, like speaking of are scattered broadcast, the majority literature "for Europe," so vast is the of them being merely reproductions diversity of languages spoken by of the popular infidel literature of nearly three hundred millions in England and the United States. India. A very different condition of things to that obtaining in China, To grapple with this problem, espe- where the people are homogeneous, cially in India, a popular style of with one literature for the whole em- Christian literature both for native pire and her dependencies. Christian communities and non-Chnstians is certainly demanded. "Trans- lations," says a missionary, "are not of Loud is the call, therefore, to pro- much use"; they lack the idiomatic, vide pure, wholesome books to coun- homely familiarity and charm which teract the taste for others of a de- the vernacular conveys. To be ap- basing kind, and the dissemination of preciated by the native populations, a better class of works with a larger Western knowledge, as far as possible, mission than tract or pamphlet, use- must be cast into Oriental molds. ful as their function may be, for re- It is undoubtedly true, therefore, that ligious inquirers. "Such a presenta- vernacular translations present a tion of the distinctive truths of Chris- sphere of very high evangelistic value, tianity," it has been declared, "can alike in regard to the supply of the na- only be done effectively by those who tive Christians' own religious needs, are able to understand and sympathize and to the prominent part they are to with the Oriental mode of thought, take in the evangelization of their own who have examined the sacred wri- countrymen. Some years ago Dr. tings of other nations from the point Murdoch made the astonishing state- of view of the earnest seeker after ment that "the Hindu, the vernacular truth, and who are willing thankfully of over seventy millions, had not a to acknowledge whatever of truth is single commentary in any book of contained in them." Only in this, or Scripture: only one Indian language a similar manner, can the growing de- had a Bible concordance." A clamant mand for Western knowledge be met appeal, indeed, to the leaders of mis- and the supreme claims of Christ be sionary institutions and the Christian presented to the educated youth and a Church. vernacular-reading population.

SELF-SUPPORT IN THE PHILIPPINE

BY REV. CHARLES W. BRIGGS, ILOILO Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society In the great enterprise of evangel- Christianity must first be implanted. izing the world, the attainment of That does not mean dogma nor docself-supporting native churches is not trine, nor Christian ethics, for it means the end in view j it is rather an evi- much more than all these-a whole dence that the end is being approx- greater than these parts. It does not imated, and one of the last steps be- mean that a human institution must fore reaching the end is being taken. be humanly implanted. The implant- ing of Christianity in any land is one The so-called problem of self-sup- of God's undivided and exclusive preport is a modern one. For more than rogatives. God must first prepare the seventeen centuries Christianity spread soil, create the demand for Chrisfrom country to country without such tianity, call the worker, bless the work. a problem being known. When Paul Man can herald the message he rewent into Europe as a pioneer mis- ceives; he may teach and inculcate it; sionary, he had no salary, no incidental better yet, he may be its living emallowance, no pay for native preachers, bodiment, its incarnation, winsome, no chapel-building fund, not even for infectious, contagious; but God giveth the new towns. He supported himself the increase. in part by working at a humble trade, and instead of spending money on his Christianity is always and everynew congregations, called upon them where alive. In every land it is a to make regular collections for the living organism, capable of feeding, needy back in Judea. Paul never reproducing and maintaining itself, in heard that thcre was anything else accordance with the laws of life. than a self-supporting church. A supreme duty of the missionary The whole problem of self-support is to take off his sandals in reverence, on the mission fields to-day results and beware lest he interfere with and from the difference of economic hinder that eager, impulsive life, and standards between the home land of overfeed it, till the organism becomes the missionary, and the standards ob- all belly, ever greedy, never satiate, taining on the mission fields. The parasitic, with its Christlikeness, its problem arises when we try to trans- comeliness, its independence forever plant Western institutions into Orien- maimed. tal fields. This does not necessarily condemn all such attempts. But it Many are the limitations of an certainly does mean this: That the American missionary living among an missionary, not the people nor the Oriental people; but unless his work conditions in which he works, is and association be with the governing chiefly responsible for the problem of class, he soon finds that the economic self-support. It seems to me also to gulf is the widest one separating him fairly imply the following: That sel/- from the people. The people, great support is a natural and inevitable de- hordes of them, crushing millions of velopment from implanted Christian- them, are poor and degraded. ~They ity, capable of attainment on any mis- live from hand to mouth, and starvasion field. tion will overtake many of them sooner or later; llut the missionary has

salary, fine clothing, expensive food, really mean just what He said! So it servants, vehicles, bicycles, motors- is that he finds a tremendous gulf in fact, from the point of view of the "fixt" between himself and his au- masses, he is rich. dience, the people he has. come to If the missionary were simply to an- Christianize.

nounce or herald the gospel on the mis- This difficulty is not avoided by sion field, this would not make so leaving the missionary without visible much difference; but when he has to means of support, to actually and become one with the people, to rein- physically live on "faith," as it is some- carnate the love of God in their midst, times called. The missionary without to so identify himself with them that home and food and other bodily req- the love of God in his own heart and uisites to which he is inured has life shall become infectious with them, proven a practical failure. The in- it is clear that such an economic "mid- stances are few, indeed, where such dle wall of partition" constitutes a a missionary does as much work, or most serious obstacle to his real work. does it as well, as the regular "Board"

And this difference of economic mISSIOnary. The Orient is not the status would be less of an obstacle home land, and its health problem for were it not that he is the advanced the Occidental is a big one. Mission- agent of the most leveling, democratic, aries can't ever go back to the eco- socialistic religion that was ever for- nomic simplicity of Christ and His dis- mulated on earth. This relatively ciples living in their own land, and in wealthy one is a messenger of the an environment so different from poor Christ, who had not where to lay what a missionary must face.

his head, and who despised property But every missionary should open and wealth, and refused to taint his his eyes to the limitations placed upon hands with it. His ringing rebuke to his power to inculcate Christianity un- the rich in search for life, His com- der such trying conditions, and strive mand and example to give to every in every possible way to offset the one that should ask, and to lend to :111 disadvantages resulting from the con- who would borrow, His carelessness trast between his economic status and about to-morrow and its needs- that of the people among whom he these must be the message of the mis- works. Every missionary shoulders sionary to the poor, hungry millions in heavy responsibility in this matter if Oriental lands. It may be never so it is true that the only difficult ele- easy to explain that Christ did not ment in the problem of self-support mean just what He said-to a Western is the missionary himself; if the in- audience-but in the Orient there is stitution he is to plant on foreign soil the difficulty that be the explanation is to stand or fall with himself.

never so satisfactory to the mission- The writer's missionary experience ary, it does not appeal to his hungry convinces him that too much money is audience, who can believe him and his being spent on our mission fields in message only in so far as he himself salaries and wages for native helpers puts it into practise. He is sure to and preachers, in chapel construction come sooner or later to wonder within and chapel maintenance. The ques- himself if Jesus did not, after all, tion should oftener be raised whether

A SELF-SUPPORTING PREACHER AND HIS WIFE A J»ROTESTANT FILIPINO AND HIS BIBLE

SEVEN O'CLOCK IN THE )'(ORNING AT THE KitBATUAN SCHOOL, ILOILO PROGRESS OF EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

such expenditure promotes or hinders with endowed institutions which do self-support. The following is the not neglect industrial training nor pathetic report of a missionary in tolerate undemocratic atmospheres; India: "I am suffering daily from and there will be a more adequate sup- the results of unwise kindness, or from ply of consecrated doctors and nurses, the kind unwiseness, of those noble equipped with hospitals and nurses'

men who labored in this district in the training-schools, tc emulate the ex- days gone by. There are parasites ample in neighborliness of the Goou here which hang with such a tenacity Samaritan. This sort of evangelism.

that a detaching remedy seems im- pulsating with the love of Christ, possible." builds solidly, doth not make ashamed, This does not mean that too much and will not breed parasites.

money was raised and spent for mis- Self-support in mission churches sions in that particular district in may be promoted by the missionary India, but that money was used to who, in loyalty to Christ and to the put brakes on the wheels of progress. Great Commission, does not fail in All hail the dar when the Spirit of the these following respects: Lord so moves upon the churches that I. The missionary must be demo- they shall devote ten times their pres- cratic. There is a line of social ent contributions to the evangelization cleavage through every human society, of the world; it may be, however, that whether in the East or West. This He waits till He sees more evidence cleavage line is vague, but real, and that such an increase will be used the democratic are those below the where it will accomplish good re3l1lts. line, or in full sympathy with those be- The day that sees such advance in low the line. Clothes and property giving to missions, and such wisdom and learning do not justify an attitude in the administration of mission funds, of "superiority," or even of condescen- will be a day when but little of the sion to those below this line. Strip money goes to native preachers, and off all these accretions and we all to the developing of "rice Christians" stand before one another, as we stand and "rice churches"; but the mission- before God, bare men, each man a ary ranks will be kept full, and their man, and God alone able to say that quality will be maintained; mISSIon- one is better than another. Ninety- aries will be fully supplied with all nine people in a hundred, in the mis- the necessities of life, and alIowed sion fields, are below this line of social none of its luxuries; there will be a cleavage. Christ always "lined-up"

tremendous increment in the dissem- below this line of social cleavage.

ination of mission literature, to be The missionary must always be a true sold, not carelessly given away, that democrat. Christ's messenger is Sam- it may be appreciated and effective. It son shorn of his power, if he remains, will see large outlays of money aiming or is considered to remain, above this directly to influence and educate public line of cleavage.

opinion through the channels of native- The line of social cleavage is more directed papers, theaters, and other closely drawn in the mission fields than molders' of society. There will be a it is in the homeland, and is more ex- great advance in our educational work, clusively drawn. Those below have

SELF-SUPPORT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

practically no possibility of ever pass- left to the leading of the Holy Spirit ing this line. And everything con- in each individual missionary's life and spires to draw the line below the mis- surroundings; but the great principle sionary, and make his words "sound- must never be forgotten nor de- ing brass and a tinkling cymbal" to the frauded of application.

great proletariat. But Christ was of the In home life, economy of food and proletariat, in whom the upper clothing should be rigorously prac- classes found learning and authority tised, in the conscious and volitional with astonishment. "Can anything endeavor to diminish as far as possible good come out of" peasant "Naz- the gul f between the missionary and areth" ? Probably all His disciples the great multitude who are poor in who took an open stand with Him the extreme. The greater part of a were from below this line. Nicodemus missionary's salary can be put to a and Joseph of Arimathea and the cer- far higher use than overloading the tain "rich young man" were deterred stomach, or over-decorating the person.

by this line from becoming His No missionary can live in an Oriental apostles. Saul of Tarsus was born country, with Oriental servants about above the line, and educated above the the house,· without the people knowing line, but voluntarily classed himself in a general way about how much his with those below. He had the good table and home is costing, and how sense to see that this was greater than much truth and sincerity there is in fame as the noted student of Gam- his teaching of the gospel of self-sac- aliel. rifice and seeking first of the Kingdom The missionary spirit and passion of Heaven. A broad smile and kindly is for self-sacrifice. The passion for words regarding the poor and needy, God and for humanity in its need can and fine discourse about the blessing only express itself in the denial of of sharing in the suffering of the beg- selfishness, and in the paying of any gars and orphans, are sounding brass price for a share in the regeneration and tinkling cymbals to an Oriental of humanity. The first century was audience who know facts of the mis- a century of martyrdom. Progress sionary's expense items in the gratifi- for the kingdom then was only by way cation of self which all point in of the cross and the fagot. Progress another direction from that taken by in the twentieth century can only come his tongue and lips in religious dis- through paying the price-suffering, course. The most pernicious part of ceaseless toil, self-denial and self- the skepticism and indifference to his immolation, for the salvation of the teaching of the gospel may not be con- world. And no religious teachers and sciously defined as such in the minds workers know this better than mis- of the people he is seeking to teach; sionaries of experience. So that the the subconscious sense of the incon- very fact of one's being known as a gruity between life and words render missionary should be known to in- him and his message impotent.

volve a passion for self-sacrifice. I thoroughly believe there is a great The application of this great prin- principle in the instructions Jesus gave ciple to the actual and concrete situa- the twelve and the seventy when He tion on any particular field can only be sent them out as the first missionaries,

telling them to take nothing with that have to have salary from abroad, them for the journey, to enter into or they can not work; of chapels that the homes where they would be re- have to be largely built and kept in ceived and eat with the people there repair by foreign money, or else they and then heal their sick and announce will not exist; and of "rice-Christians" that the Kingdom of Heaven was at instead of stewards taking more de- hand. The literal obedience to the light by far in giving than in receiving, letter of the instructions then given to are in evidence. When we sow thorns, missionaries may be ridiculous and we need not look for figs to develop; even savoring of death-for the letter when we do not sow Christianity as kills-but the principle can not be defined and exemplified by Jesus, we ignored by any missionary without are fools to look for a resultant Christremendous hurt both to his own life tian growth that is genuine and seIfand to his work. The principle de- supporting and aggressive. And I mands freedom from impedimenta would maintain that the missionary that would positively defeat the pur- should in many cases begin with himpose of the missionary; and calls for self, and his own home and manner of the missionary to come into close and living, if he is to hope for a self-supmost intimate relations with the family porting work. in the home, fellowship in the common meal, than which nothing else With a district sixty miles' in is a better solvent for the barrier be- length, and almost without roads extween the missionary and the Oriental cept on its southern end, and with the for whom he works; and in general, task of touring country villages widely the air and spirit of one who has a separated, I have found in my work burning purpose to which everything that it has paid to make it a rule to else must be sacrificed, and which can tour the district on foot. A bicycle not for a moment thrive in the pres- has done me good service as far as the ence of selfishness in any of its in- roads extend. Beyond the roads, a sidious forms. horse could be used, or, especially during the rains, a palanquin would I wish to raise a question whether save the missionary many bruises and or not a lot of our missionary work is blisters. After giving each a trial, I not done in utter blindness and diso- have been fully persuaded that the best bedience to the spirit of these instruc- work, by far, can be done by going on tions of the Lord? And to declare my foot. The preachers and helpers all conviction, based on ten years in the must walk. True, there are instances mission field, that disobedience to this where mission funds are wasted in principle straight from the Lord's supplying' them with horses, and pamheart, is the prolific source of our pering them into parasites. But, exdifficult problem of self-support of the cept in cases where some one uses Christian institutions we are develop- money very unwisely, the native working in so many mission fields. The ers all must go on foot. If the misreason why the vigorous, independent, sionary goes along with them, he not aggressive institutions of Christianity only becomes one with them in felloware not forthcoming in many quarters, ship by the way, but makes it far but in their stead a lot of preachers simpler and easier to help them get a

courtesy of the Baptist Foreign Mission

. TIlE UNION H OS PITAL AT ILOILO, PlIILIPPINE ISLANDS By courtesy of th e Baptist Foreign ThrIission Societ y.

THE DOCTOR A ND N U R SES AT THE I L OILO H OSPITAL THE MI NISTRY OF HEALING IN THE PHILIPPINE ISL.NDS

AT THE ]ARD BOYS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL-A SELF·GOVERNING

THE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION, ILOILO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS By courtesy of Missions.

19II ] SELF-SUPPORT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

normal idea of what the real spirit of the sorrowing is to know sorrow by preaching the gospel is. When they experience. The only way to love the see his blisters and his fatigue, and the poor and needy is to experience mud and stains of the jungle on him, poverty; and the only way to preach as well as on themselves, it is far the gospel to a hard-working, cal- easier for the Lord to move in their loused, weary lot of the proletariat in hearts to be content with some hard- the Orient is to share their callouses, ship, and to thrill with an enthusiasm share their hunger, and be one with to preach and work without expecting them in their weariness and blisters pay for it. and aches. And the missionary who Jesus walked with His disciples, is not willing to pay this price for the and improved the time along the way sake of the kingdom has not yet to open their minds. That was the known the passion of Christ.

theological seminary in which was A very fine instance of the relation trained Simon Peter, under whose of this sort of work to self-support persuasion five thousand were con- was seen in a little experience I had verted at Pentecost. The thing works in 1904 and the succeeding year. A well on the mission field; in the Phil- first visit was made to a frontier vil- ippines, at least; for I have seen lage and far beyond the decent trails.

preachers develop all the way from I was sick with tonsillitis on the way new converts ignorant of the New to the village, and a party of some Testament until they had become twenty men came out and met me splendid preachers of apostolic power fifteen miles, and carried me over the -and this in a peripatetic school, the worst part of the trail-the last fifteen class-room being none other than the miles-in a palanquin. It was easy jungle trails, the rest-places, and the travel for me, but killing labor for the homes and villages where we stopt men who, two at a time, struggled for the night. Preachers trained in over the slippery trail with my weight that way, and with but one text-book, on their bare shoulders. After coming the New Testament, are easily pre- to the village, several of them de- served from the thought, even, that veloped fever, no doubt induced by they are to be mere hirelings and para- the fatigue of that carry. They ap- sites. While, if the missionary rides parently did the work willingly, and horseback, he does not go along the would not take pay for their pains.

way with those trudging on afoot, he A year after another visit was to does not get into so close fellowship be made to the same village; the men with them in the toil and ache of the considered the carry of the preceding tour, and he lacks the vigorous appe- year a precedent, and were out to tite and the powerful gastric juice that meet me at the end of the difficult will relish the humble fare of the peo- trail, and were very insistent in urging ple, and even digest the barriers be- and demanding that I ride in the tween him and them, the middle wall palanquin. This I told them I could of partition, through which in some not do, for I had legs and strength, way he must carry the gospel into and God had given it me to use, and their hearts and characters. that it would be a shame and wicked The only way to sympathize with to ride on their legs and backs. They

continued, in true Oriental manner, to salary, pointing out to me that they insist that I ride in the hammock, but were very poor.

finally acceded to the inevitable and This was my chance again. I re- we walked along the trail together, minded them of the trail and of what wading the swamps and skidding over Thad told them about using one's own the slippery, sliding fifteen miles to the legs. They had seen the point and village. By dint of much ferreting, I agreed with me that a man who had learned that the men had been un- legs, but would not use them, ought willing to leave their work that morn- to lose the legs, especially if he would ing and come out to carry the Amer- let some one else carry him, and that icano over the trail, and had only God would be quite justified in taking come under compulsion from the head- off or crippling the legs of so lazy a man of the village. This was what I man. And I pointed out to them that suspected, from what I had learned of they were now asking me to carry the people and their village life. them in a palanquin over the difficult I now told them that the principle trail. They saw the point at once, and of their feeling objection to leaving acknowledged that it was a good one.

their work and carrying me the fifteen Then I told them they did not need a miles was a true principle and a right chapel with an iron roof till they were one. Had I been unwell or a cripple, able to pay for one themselves; that it would have been their duty to carry the Christ, born in a humble manger, me; but knowing that I was well able would meet with and bless them in to walk, they were quite right in feel- their thatch-roofed chapel so long as ing as they had. And along the way they were honorable and independent I missed no chance to give them some in maintaining it. And as to school wholesome teaching of a kind that and teacher, they were led around to would fit their lives and problems. see that to get any real harvest they They were won by the treatment I must toil and spade and plow and gave them, and were disciples from cultivate, and that then the crop would that hour, and realized that the mis- be harvested in time, and would be a sionary had lessons they would profit blessing to them. That church, in the by learning. village of Maldespina, or Bingawan, is After a day or two in the village, self-supporting to this day. They several of the men approached me took an offering for foreign missions, with a proposition that they should one spring, of twenty-five pesos, have a larger and finer church than $I2.50, and not a man or woman of they had, and that the mission should them has a hundred pesos during a furnish the money for an iron roof! whole year.

Mission money had gone into chapels 2. Self-support can be promoted by in surrounding districts of which they not paying native preachers salaries.

knew, and they naturally wanted their Hirelings are not good shepherds of share in the graft, if there was to be the sheep. They not only run away any. Furthermore, they agreed with when trial comes, but themselves prey me that there should be a good school on the flock. And when the pay has in the village, and wanted the mission to stop, the work is too apt to stop, and to provide a teacher and pay his great harm be done the cause. When

SELF-SUPPORT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

the demanded increase of salary is not herd and the hireling was frequently forthcoming, the preacher may go on explained and applied. The example strike, and hurt the work he has been of the Catholic priests, who were nodoing as a hireling. These are not torious for their grasping after money imaginary propositions, but statements and "selling salvation," was not overof what has actually happened time looked. And I was able to say in all and again. the Christian communities, that I should go about the country, under A missionary, and a pastor in the tropic sun and through the swamps Christendom, may be able to receive a and jungles and into the fever-infested salary and still do genuine work for mountains, on foot and as a poor and the kingdom; but not all are doing it, humble servant of Jesus, and ask apparently. When we take the Orien- for volunteers to help in the work. tal, whose environment and training Vorkers were not lacking, and never are all so radically different from our have been in that district. own, we need to be very cautious, exceedingly cautious, in the use of In the districts adjoining mine on money and giving pay for work. either hand, the native preachers had Judas, the only one of the twelve who salaries. Some of my men became seemed to get interested in the finan- restive from time to time, and asked cial side of Christian service, came to for pay, generally beginning by saying a sad end. We need to work most that their work was interfered with cautiously, or scores of promising by their inability to support their workers and preachers in our dis- families and buy their clothes and tricts will come to an end even more preach as full time as they wished to. sad. I made it a rule to hold the man right to his statement and make him tell me My first preacher had a big salary. how many hours each day he spent The precedent was established before preaching, how many hours each week, I began to work with him. The result and showed him how many hours was, there was no end of candidates were left for self-support. for the ministry, and men looking for pay such as he had. When his work After trying each man tilI it was in the district was done, I feared self- manifest that he had the genuine spirit support was already defeated, and of Jesus and was doing good work, I could see hope only in resorting to have taken the men into my constrenuous measures. I announced fidence, singly and in groups, and throughout the district that preachers said to them: "Now what we are afand helpers were sorely needed, but ter is the Kingdom of God. I want that none would be accepted who ex- that built up here in this province. I pected pay for the work. A lot of want each man of you to give alI the time and toil was spent teaching some time and strength he has to that great of the New Testament ·principles that task. God lays that task upon you bear on the issue. Paul supported as well as upon me. I have some himself and preached the gospel with- money given for this work by the out pay. So did all the apostles, and brethren in America, who are praying were clothed with mighty power from for our work and supporting it. When God. The parable of the Good Shep- anyone of you men are in sore need,

and must have some clothing for your supporting churches in the district. work, or some money for your family The men are kept humble. They have needs, and the work will be hindered to go barefooted, and work part of the by your stopping to earn the money; time for their living, but are kept on or when what you get from your con- a level and in sympathy with their congregations is insufficient; or when gregations. Money is not being wasted there is a famine, and hard times are by them, and they are able to teach by pinching you and the work is to be word and by example a Christianity hindered, each one of you is to be that is wholesome and practical, and free to come to me and tell me the that fits their environment as a sal- facts. I promise to look them over aried man and a parasite on the purses with you sympathetically, and am of Christendom can never do. ready to divide with you some of the money I am holding for the chance to The matter 'of educating and trainuse it where it will really promote the ing preachers is here involved. On work we are doing together." But I most of the mission fields pioneer conalways make it plain that this is not ditions obtain. Preachers are needed pay for the work they do. It is simply like the heroic figures of the early my way of cooperating with them in days in America, men who had small their work-the work I love and wish or no pay at all, and endured hardship to see done well, and which they can and preached a plain, vigorous type of do better than I can. gospel. Native preachers trained in a school patterned slavishly after a I have been surprized at the way my theological seminary in America, are preachers and workers have responded pretty apt to have to be coddled and to this offer. One ordained preacher paid for their work, and drest above who had a most difficult frontier dis- their position, and deprived of all the trict, and was struggling manfully primitive, vigorous enthusiasm of with almost no equipment and with Christ-the fundamental passion for scant living, only asked for twenty self-sacrifice, without which Christian cents during a whole year of service. work is powerless, and the sweets of Others during a year had five or ten the gospel insipid. or fifteen dollars' help. Some asked for more than they needed, and were 3. Self-support may also be profirmly but lovingly refused that which moted by adapting Western instituwould have done more harm than good tions, not adopting them, on the misto them. I find that no two of them sion field. Chapel and church buildare alike. Treatment that brings ings should be adapted to the country blessing to one, won't work with and economic condition of the people. another. Sometimes ridicule is em- Orientals living in thatch houses or in ployed, sometimes logic, sometimes huts of cheap materials, do not need severity and plain talk that might expensive church buildings beyond sound like unbrotherliness, but which their means, and necessarily making is what that particular man needs and demands upon mission funds. There will thrive on. are exceptions to the strict application of this rule, but they should be excep- I find that preachers without a tions. 'When cine congregation is salary promote the growth of self- helped to build a church beyond their

19I1 ] SELF-SUPPORT IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

station and means of support, they Physician; but the mission doctor can constitute a bad example to other easily breed parasites and "riceneighboring congregations. Human Christians." The institution must be nature is such that help is likely to made to serve the independence and be taken where it can possibly be virility of the Christians, even tho the gotten. institution lose some of its paint and glitter.' The problem of evangelizing The missionary is in danger of not the world in this generation, or in any appreciating the fitness of a humble other, will still remain far from chapel or church building, or school realization even when all the wealth building, to the people who build it and of Christendom is dedicated to this are to use it. One needs to be made high end. Paul, without the money, over into the native, and to see from did more to implant self-supporting the native point of view, before pass- Christianity in the Roman Empire ing on the fitness of a given building than some missions may be doing toto its users and their environment. day, with annual budgets of hundreds of thousands of dollars. No congregation can be self-supporting when it is weighed down with 4. Self-support on the mission field a plant that is way beyond their means may be promoted by definite appeal to or tastes, and they must simply be the self-respect of the native, and to subjects for charity and funds from the persistent inculcation of the prinabroad. Vigor of spirit, and the in- ciples of Christian stewardship. The dependence and aggressiveness of native Christian has something that Christ, as well as the grasping of his he can give for the support of the great principle of self-sacrifice, can gospel, and will never thrive and benot be inculcated nor fostered by in- come vigorous till he gives it to the stitutions that may fit some other point of making sacrifice. He is just country never so well, but be a misfit as truly one of God's stewards as is on the field in question. the millionaire Christian in the West. The great principle includes him, just The theological school is likely to a5 it did the poor widow "who cast in prove such a borrowed institution that more than they aIL" Just because the is a misfit. No country needs a theo- native church is poor, and living from logical school that must be supported hand to mouth, the missionary must largely by funds from abroad, and not neglect the matter of teaching the conducted by foreigners. Training church and training its ministers to the schools of this sort are apt to be a idea that they are to give every week, most pernicious institution on a mis- as the Lord prospers them. We can sion field, and threaten utter defeat not afford to despise the day of small to the attempt for self-support. things. It is only the amount itself • Even the day-school may easily that is small; the principle is just as breed parasites. In fact, there is no big, and obedience to it brings just as greater problem for the missionary big a blessing as it can in the case of than that of using mission funds in the rich. And the missionary will find his work in such a way as to do good, it far easier to get his poor congregaand not evil with it. The mission hos- tion to respond, and apply Christ's pital is a beautiful institution, scintillating the very beauty of the Great

great principle, than can the eloquent And if properly managed, such an or- preacher in Christendom, when he ganization will ring with the very seeks to teach stewardship principles spirit of patriotism, and of the pas- to a wealthy congregation. And the sion of Jesus. But then it is the naresult of such inculcation of the prin- tive pastors that must do the teaching. ciples of Christian stewardship will be a vigorous, independent, self-support- In concluding a paper that has aling and aggressive Christi:m body. ready become too prolonged, I come back to the same proposition I started The appeal to the self-respect of with-it is going to depend very largethe Church and the individual Chris- ly upon the personality of the mistian on the mission field is never in sionary whether a self-supporting vain. When the young men and wo- work develops in his field, or whether men workers are made to feel that the this endeavor is utterly defeated. task of evangelizing their own people Money is a dangerous thing on the is their task, not that of the mission- mission field. Consecrated money in ary, and encouraged in doing some the hands of a consecrated and wise heroic work at the task, they respond personality is powerful, but still a with enthusiasm. Christ's call for risky thing-something like a motor sacnfice stirs in their spirit just as it would be that exploded in its cylinders does in the spirit of the missionary. nitro-glycerin instead of gasoline. They find it is easier and far more The power is there, beyond dispute, fun, to be willing workers for the but the problem of applying it to the Lord, without prospect of pay from real problem and ministering to the some foreign purse, than being a para- real need in a wholesome way is a site would ever be. tremendous task and problem.

1 have found blessing in working to The gospel promotes self-supportthis end by indirection, getting some yea, more, it promotes and fruits out zealous young preacher to teach this with the glory of sacrificing self and and preach it in the public confer- developing an aggressive Church. ences and associational meetings, Christianity, in its records, in its spirit, rather than to be forever harping at and in its experience, is wholesome, it myself. The missionary is handi- alive, self-propagating, self-supportcapped, and may easily be suspected of ing. Its supply of vital support is as wishing to avoid the expense of pay- perennial as the clouds of heaven, and ing for the work; but the young na- is from above. The task of the mistive can set his own people on fire sionary is to make himself over after with the same thought and motive, and the pattern of Christ, and far from without being suspected of ulterior hindering the normal development of motives. An organization of young Christianity on his field, cooperate workers can be brought about by in- with its potency, and inculcate its direction, with a platform demanding spirit, and let God give the inobedience to Christ, and strenuous crease. In such a way self-supporting service for His kingdom, without a churches are possible; yes, will be incent of pay from any mission board. evitable, on any mission field.

IN MISSIONARY

HISTORICAL FACTS FOR MISSIONARY ANNIVERSARIES COMPILED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

January I, 18S4.-·PRAYER-MEETING years," says .the great missIOnary.

AT ONGOLE. On New-year's day, "For ten of these years I was settled 1854, a prayer-meeting was held in the one hundred and fifty miles away. But Telugu country which resulted in whenever we met, I took care to have reaping, from that long barren field, a talk with him; I sent messages to one of the greatest harvests in mis- him; got others interested in him; and sions. On New-year's morning, the for all these years in private and in Rev. and Mrs. Lyman Jewett, while public prayed for him." In due time touring among the viIIages with three these efforts were rewarded and native helpers, entered Ongole, and Thakombau became a Christian.

all day long labored in its streets, January 4, 1866.-JAMES CHALMERS ridiculed, reviled and stoned. Toward SAILED FOR THE SOUTH SEAS in the evening, weary with fruitless toil, the second JaIm Williams. It was a happy five Christians climbed a hill over- coincidence that led Chalmers, him- looking the town, and knelt in earnest self a contribution of the Sunday- prayer, each in turn asking that God school to missions, to sail for his field would send a missionary to Ongole in a ship given by Sunday-school chil- and make it a center of light. A dren. Concerning the great decision strong assurance was given them that of his life, made at the age of fifteen, their prayers were heard, and Mr. Chalmers writes: "Our Sunday- Jewett pointed out a suitable sight for· school class had been held in the vestry a miSSIOn. For twelve years these as usual. The lesson was finished, prayers seemed to be forgotten, but in and we had marched back to the 1866 Dr. Clough arrived and took up chapel to sing, answer questions and his residence in a house built on the listen to a short address. I sat at the very spot selected by Mr. Jewett in head of the seat and can even now see :1854! Ten years later there were Mr. Meikle [pastor and superin- more than 4,000 communicants in the tendent of the Sunday-school] taking Telugu fitM, and greater ingatherings from his breast-pocket a copy of the soon followed. United Presbyterian Record, and hear Other events: Jan. I, 1866.-Death of him say that he was going to read a Nathan Brown. Jan. 1, 1874.-0pening letter to us from a missionary in Fiji.

of the first hospital for women in the It spoke of cannibalism, and of the Orient at Bareilly, India. power of the gospel, and at the close, January 3, 1813·-BIRTH OF JAMES looking over his spectacles with wet CALVERT. One secret of Calvert's eyes, he said, 'I wonder if there is a great success in Fiji was his habit of boy here who wiII become a mission- selecting, as special objects of prayer ary, and by-and-by bring the gospel to and work, certain individuals whose the cannibals?' And the response of conversion would mean much to the my heart was, 'God helping me, I mission. One of these was Thakom- wilL' "

bau, the so-called "King of Fiji," a January 5, 18II.-BIRTH OF CYRUS monster of iniquity and sin. "For him HAMLIN. Probably no missionary to I earnestly prayed and labored fifteen Turkey won so lasting a place in the

hearts of the people as Cyrus Hamlin, her young lover at Cape Town. For who not only led many to Christ, but more than fifty years she worked by through his industrial schemes clothed his side-a brave, heroic, loving wo- the naked, fed the hungry and enabled man as fully imbued with the mission- scores of young men to obtain an edu- ary spirit as he. When at last God cation. "It is said by those who have took her home, her husband's first traveled widely in the Turkish Em- words were, as he stood gazing into pire," says Dr. Thain, "that here and her beloved face: "For fifty-three there, often in very humble houses, the years I have had her to pray for me." one picture hanging on the wall is that of Dr. Hamlin, and that if he is not Other events: Jan. 10, I800-Beginning revered as Saint Hamlin in those of Carey's work at Serampore. Jan. 10, homes, he is remembered as the wise 1888-Death of Peter Parker. friend and generous helper of many students who since that time have done January I I, 18S7.-BAPT1SM OF the work of men." THAKoMBAu. During the three years between his public announcement of January 8, 18S9.-BEGINNING OF his purpose to renounce heathenism THE WEEK OF PRAYER. The Week of and his baptism, Thakombau had many Prayer was born on the mission field, struggles with sin. One day, with the it's progenitor being the Rev. John H. vain idea that it might help him to Morrison, known among his colleagues get right with God, he said to his wife: as the "Lion of the Punjab." During "I'll have my beard off." The misthe awful months that followed the sionaries had never asked the Fijians mutiny of 1857, at the suggestion of to sacrifice the fine beards they wore, Dr. Morrison, the Ludhiana Mission but the converts, having noticed that of the American Presbyterian Church the missionaries were all clean-shaven, issued a call to "all God's people of supposed it right to imitate them in every name and nation," to unite in an this as in other things. So off went annual week of prayer for the con- their beautiful beards! And now version of the world. The week was Thakombau decided to suffer this loss to begin on January 8th of the follow- -perhaps with some thought that it ing year. The plan was annually fol- would be becoming to him. But his lowed and great results along many wife, who was already a Christian, lines have followed. "The one said: "Let your beard alone! Get thought of this missionary in India," your heart right! And then, if your says the Encyclopedia for Missions, beard comes off, make no fuss about "has done more toward breaking down it 1" denominational reserve among Christians than any other influence in the Other Events: Jan. 11, 1733.-Deparnineteenth century." ture of the first Moravian missionaries to Greenland, Jan. 11, l857.-Death of Eli January 10, 187I.-DEATH OF MARY Smith. MOFFAT. The best gift God can give to a missionary is a good wife-such January 13, r8ss.-DEATH OF DR. a one as He gave to Robert Moffat JOHN SCUDDER. In 1819, when Dr. when He moved on the hearts of Mary Scudder went to India, it was cus- Smith's parents to allow her to join tomary for missionaries to drink wine. He did so himself, for no one at that time thought it wrong. But when

I] JANUARY IN MISSIONARY HISTORY

news of the total abstinence move- when on his way to China, a touching ment reached him, he decided that it incident occurred to which Morrison was a righteous cause and banished frequently referred as having taught the wine-cup from his table forever. him a lesson of faith and trust. Hav- Nor did he stop until he had estab- ing been taken suddenly ill, he was lished teetotalism throughout the mis- placed in his host's own chamber. BesIon. It aroused no little opposition, side the bed, in a little crib, slept a and when, after his transfer to child whom it seemed unnecessary to Madras, he took the same stand disturb. But in the morning, when there, he was snbjected to the most the little one awakened, she was greatbitter attacks from some within the ly frightened to find a stranger in her Church and many without it. His op- parents' bed. Endeavoring to control ponents threatened to tar and feather her fear, she looked intently at him him and ride him on a rail, and a car- and then said: "Man, do you pray to toon purporting to describe his death God?" "Oh, yes, my dear," said Mr. and funeral obsequies appeared in an Morrison, "every day. God is my best English paper. Notwithstanding all friend." Entirely reassured by this this he succeeded in establishing a answer, she laid her little head upon flourishing teetotal society and struck the pillow and was soon fast asleep. a telling blow for temperance. January 16, 1820.-BIRTH OF JOHN January 14, I843.-BIRTH OF Jos- REBMANN. One day when John Reb- EPH HARDY NEES1MA.* The power of mann was traveling in Eastern Equabooks, especially The Book, is shown torial Africa, he sighted a great snowin the life of Neesima. From these capped peak close by the equator. The silent teachers, without the aid of man, natives told him it was a dreadful he learned the three great truths that place, inhabited by spirits that bit off shaped his entire career-God as the fingers and toes of all who at- Creator, God as Savior, God as the tempted to go there-spirits known Hearer of Prayer. The first came to to us as Jack Frost. When Rebhim through Gen. I: I, in an abridged mann's discovery was published, the copy of the Chinese Bible found in the scientists laughed. "What does a library of a friend; the second through young missionary know about moun- John 3: 16, in a New Testament ob- tains?" they asked. "A snow-capped tained in Shanghai by sacrificing one peak near the equator? Such a thing of his much-prized swords; the third could not be." But Rebmann quietly through a copy of "Robinson Crusoe" said: "I was bred in Switzerland, and purchased in a second-hand book- think I can tell a snow-capped peak store in Boston with money given him when I see it." Subsequent investigaby the captain of the ship that brought tions proved his claim, and this heroic him to this country. German missionary is known to-day as the discoverer of Kilimanjaro, one January 15, 1782.-BIRTH OF ROB- of the world's greatest mountains. ERT MORRISON. While staying with a Christian gentleman of New York, January 17, I872.-0PENING 01' THE McALL MISSION IN PARIS. It * According to the old Japanese calendar, was the words of a workingman, Neesima's birth occurred January 14th; according wearing a blouse, that led to the opento Western reckoning, February 12th.

ing of this famous mission. "It is work that when he learned for what claimed that we are opposed to re- purpose the ground was to be used, he ligion," this man said to Dr. and Mrs. not only consented to its transfer, but McAll, as he took one of the tracts refused to receive any compensation they were distributing while on a va- for it whatever. "Take it, take it," he cation in Paris. "It is not true! If said. "I give it to you with pleasure anyone will come among us and teach for that purpose."

us a gospel of liberty and truth, we January 23, 1830.-B1RTH OF GUIDO are ready to listen." Within eighteen F. VERBECK. A Bible class, to do months Dr. and Mrs. McAll left their effective work, need not be large.

pleasant English parish and opened With the single exception of one old their mission to the desperate, lawless man, the first three baptized converts communists of Belleville, in a little in Japan were the fruit of a Bible class brick-paved shop bearing a placard of five taught by Dr. Verbeck. One with an invitation, of which this is a of these, an official of high rank, translation: named Vakasa, had found a Dutch Bible floating in Nagasaki Harbor in TO WORKING MEN! 1855, and being unable to read it, had Some English Friends Desire to secretly sent to Shanghai for a Chi- nese translation. He diligently studied Speak to You of the Love this, and in 1862, after the coming of of Jesus Christ the missionaries, sent his brother, Entrance Free The marvelous response goes to Ayabe, to Nagasaki to seek help in un- prove that the workingman, no mat- derstanding it. A providential meet- ter how low he is sunk, is quick to re- ing with Dr. Verbeck resulted in the spond to the gospel of truth when formation of the class at Wakasa's preached to him in a spirit of sym- home at Saga, where it was carried on pathy and love. through a trusted friend, Motono, who January 20, I87o.-ARRIVAL OF DR. traveled back and forth, carrying ques- CLARA SWAIN AT BAREILLY, INDIA. tions to Dr. Verbeck and bringing To Dr. Swain belongs the honor, not back his answers. At the end of three only of being the first woman medical years, Wakasa, Ayabe and Motono missionary, but also of opening the came to Nagasaki and were baptized first hospital for women in the Orient. in Dr. Verbeck's study.

The site desired for this hospital was Other events: Jan. 23, 182I-Lot Carey sailed for Africa. Jan. 23, Ifl9o-Death of a large estate, worth about $15,000, Joseph Hardy Neesima.

adjoining the mission premises. But as it was owned by the Nawab of Mysore, a Mohammedan who was bit- January 24, 18ro.-BIRTH OF JOHN terly opposed to Christianity, it seemed LUDWIG KRAPF. Krapf's great vision useless to try to obtain it. At length, of an "Apostle Street" of mission sta- however, the missionaries resolved to tions, crossing Africa from east to visit him at his palace forty miles dis- west, and also one from north to tant, and ask if he was willing to sell. south, is fast becoming realized.

Meanwhile, the prince had become so "With the Kongo missions approach- favorably imprest with Dr. Swain's ing those from the east," says Wilson

191I ] JANUARY IN MISSIONARY HISTORY

~ S. Naylor, "and the Nile missions al- its terrors known and unknown.

most meeting those from the south, "The longer I hesitated," he says, "the a great cross is being roughly de- blacker grew its towering walls, and scribed by transcontinental stations the more sinister its aspect. My that would thrill the rugged soul of imagination began to eat into my will Krapf with joy." When Livingstone, and consume my resolution. But Krapf's illustrious successor, was when all the virtue in me arose in hot making his third great journey in Af- indignation against such pusillanimity, rica, he, too, traced upon the continent I left the pleasant day, and entered as the rude figure of a cross, uncon- into a tomb." The student volunteer, sciously, but nevertheless truly. God pledged to enter lands dark with grant that this may symbolize the day heathenism, needs to guard well hi5 when all Africa shall find rest under imagination, lest, like that of the great the shadow of the Cross. explorer, it "eat into his will and con- January 27, 1673.-BIRTH OF Ex- sume his resolution." Many a man PERIENCE MAYHEW. For five gen- has been lost to .the work in this way.

erations members of the Mayhew family of Martha's Vineyard labored Other events: Jan. 28, 1833.-Birth of in behalf of the North American In- Gen. Charles George Gordon. Jan. 28, dians, their service extending from 1907.-Death of John G. Paton.

1646 to 1806, a period of 160 years.

This record is unsurpassed in mission- January 30, 1876.-SIGNING OF THE ary history, tho a near approach to CHRISTIAN COVENANT BY THE KUMA- it is found in the Moravian Frederick MOTO BAND. The influence of a Bonisch and his wife, Anna Stach, Christian teacher over his pupils i~ who with their descendants served well-nigh unlimited. In 1871 a Gov- through five generations, aggregating ernment school was opened at Kuma- 140 years. Of the five Mayhews moto, Japan, under the care of Cap- forming this godly succession, Ex- tain Janes, formerly an instructor at perience, the great grandson of West Point, in America. Tho for· Thomas, first governor of Martha's bidden to teach Christianity in the Vineyard, who heads the list, gave the school, he invited the students to his longest term of service. "His sixty- home to study the Bible, with the re- four years of missionary service," sult that many among them became says Thompson, "exceeds even the Christians. In January, 1876, a re- Moravian Zeisberger's term, which vival broke out in the school, and on was sixty-two years, and exceeds that the last Sabbath of the month a little of any American engaged in similar band of forty students marched to a work." hill overlooking the city, singing as January 28, 1841. – BIRTH OF they went. At the top they formed a HENRY M. STANLEY. In his recent circle, and one by one, made a solemn autobiography, edited by his wife, vow to preach the gospel even at the Henry M. Stanley tells of the amount cost of life. Then they prayed, kneel- of determination it took to enable him ing, and wrote out an oath-paper to enter the great forest of Central which they sealed and signed with Africa, with its lack of sunshine and their names. The immediate result

was bitter persecution, and a few fell refuse him its use. Some months away. But the majority remained later, when he was removed from the true to their vow and rendered valiant prison at A va to Oung-pen-Ia, the and efficient service to the cause of jailor tore the outer covering from Christ in Japan. this precious pillow and then threw it away! But it was found by Moung Jattuary 3r, r834.-COMPLETION OF lng, who, tho he knew nothing of its JUDSON'S BURMAN BIBLE. Judson's contents, carried it to Mrs. Judson, great translation of the Bible cost him thinking she would wish to keep it as a more than twenty years' work, and not sacred relic of her husband, whose a little anxiety. During the first death seemed so near. When at Burmese war, when he was thrown length the entire Bible was completed, into prison, Mrs. Judson secreted the Judson kneeled down with the last manuscripts of the completed por- sheet in his hand, and imploring fortions of the work in the ground be- giveness for any sin that had mingled neath the mission-house. But as the with it, dedicated his work to the rainy season came on there was great glory of God. danger of their being ruined by dampness, ahd Judson directed his wife to Other events: Jan. 31, 1686.-Birth of sew them up in a pillow so mean in Hans Egede. Jan. 31, 1807.~Morrison appearance that his jailor would not sailed for China.

THE UNREST IN INDIA FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY BY REV. WILLIAM DURBAN, LONDON, ENGLAND Vivid light has been thrown on the transigents is to intensify the spirit of lurid scene presented to outside observers by the India of to-day through racial hatred. The Hind Swarajya, the medium of a series of thirty-seven articles, recently published in the in the following frantic outburst, ex- London Times. These are all from the pen of a special correspondent of presses the spirit which animates the that great British journal. Copious references are made, with elaborate champions of "Swaraj," or Indian inquotations by way of illustration and elucidation, to native newspapers. dependence: Some of these are as impassioned as they are malign, for they are direct Englishmen! Who are Englishincitements to murder and massacre, men? They are the present rulers of arid they are almost invariably ac- this country. But how did they becompanied by appeals in the name of come our rulers? By throwing the the gods. The insensate invective noose of dependence round our necks, employed is almost incredible, but its by making us forget our old learning, inflammatory potency is only too evi- by leading us along the path of sin, dent. by keeping us ignorant of the use of arms. Oh, my simple countrymen, by One object of these Hindu in- their teaching adultery has entered our homes and women have begun to be led astray. Alas, has India's golden land lost all her heroes? Are all eunuchs, timid and afraid, forgetful of their duty, preferring to die a slow death of torture, silent witnesses of the ruin of their country? Oh, In-

UNREST IN INDIA

dians, descended from a race of your degraded children! Mother, they heroes, why are you afraid of Eng- are now stricken with disease and sorlishmen? They are not gods, but men row. 0 Shyama! the reliever of the like yourselves, or, rather, monsters. three kinds of human affliction, relieve who have ravished your Sita-like our sorrows. Come, Mother, the debeauty [Sita, the spouse of Rama, was stroyer of the demons, and appear at abducted by the fiend Ravana, and re- the gates of Bengal. covered with the hdp of the Monkey God Hanuman and his army of mon- It is to be noted that the champions keys] . If there be any Rama among of "Swadeshi" habitually refer to the you, let him go forth to bring back English as "demons" who are to be your Sita. Raise the banner of destroyed in the name of the gods. Swadesh, crying, "Victory to the The Hjulna'lJasi breaks into poetry Mother." Rescue the truth and ac- and after a furious tirade cries: complish the good of India. Awake, 0 Goddess Durga! I see Religion, not politics, is the root of the lightning flashing from the point of thy bow, the world quaking at thy the unrest. The Dharma of Calcutta frowns, and creation trembling at thy tread. Let a river of blood flow, overemphasizes specialIy the religious side whelming the hearts of the demons.

of the movement: Thirty years ago the young West- ern-educated Hindu was apt to be, at Weare engaged in preaching religion and we are putting our energy least intellectually, plus royaliste que into this agitation, looking on it as the Ie roi. He plucked with both hands at chief part of out religion. The pres- the fruits of the tree of Western ent agitation, in its initial stages, had knowledge. Some were enthusiastic a strong leaven of the spirit of West- students of English literature, espeern politics in it, but at present a clear cially of English poetry. They had consciousness of Aryan greatness and their Wordsworth and their Browning a strong love and reverential spirit societies. Others steeped themselves toward the mother land have trans- in English history and loved to draw formed it into a shape in which the their inspiration politically from Milreligious element predominates. Pol- ton, Burke, and Mill. They may often itics is part of religion, but it has to have disliked the Englishman, but be cultivated in an Aryan way, in ac- they respected and admired him. If cordance with the precepts of the they resented his assumption of un- Aryan religion. qualified superiority, they were dis- posed to admit that it was not without Nowhere is the cult of the "terrible justification. The enthusiasm kindled in the first half of the last century by goddess," the bloodthirsty and fiendish the great missionaries, like Carey and Duff, who had made distinguished female Moloch of India, worshiped converts among the highest classes of Hindu society, had begun to wane; but under many forms, but chiefly under if educated Hindus had grown more reluctant to accept the dogmas of those of Kali and Durga, more closely Christianity, they were still ready to acknowledge the superiority of Westassociated with Indian unrest than in Bengal. Hence the frequency of the appeals to her in the Bengal press.

The Dacca Gazette welcomes the fes- tival of Durga with the following outburst: Indian brothers, there is no more time for lying asleep. Behold the Mother is coming! 0 Mother, the giver of all good, turn your eyes upon

ern ethics, and the Brahmo Samaj in volt against Hindu orthodoxy, but in Bengal, the Prathana Samaj in Bom- another it represents equally a revolt bay, the Social Reform movement against Western ideals, for in the which found eloquent advocates all teachings of its founder, Dayanand, over India, and not least in Madras, it has found an aggressive gosIJel and other agencies of a similar charac- which bases the claims of Aryan, i.e., ter for purging Hindu life of its more Hindu, supremacy on the Vedas as barbarous and superstitious associa- the one ultimate source of human and tions, bore witness to the ascendancy divine wisdom. Equally noteworthy which Western standards of morality with the glorification of Kali is the exercised over the Hindu mind. revival of Ganpati celebrations in Keshub Chunder Sen was not, per- honor of Ganesh, the elephant-headed haps, cast in so fine a mold as Ram god, perhaps the most popular of all Mohan Roy, or the more conservative Hindu deities, and especially to be Dr. Tagore, but his ideals were the taken into account is the part played same, and his life-dream was to find by this revival in stimulating political a common denominator for Hinduism disaffection in the Deccan.

and Christianity, which should secure The part played by Brahmanism in a thorough reform of Hindu society Indian unrest connotes, perhaps, more without demoralizing it. But an im- than anything else, the reactionary mense change has supervened, and side of that unrest: For tho there men of this type are for the most part have been and are many Brahmans to be found among the survivors of who have responded cordially to the the older generation. best influences of Western education, Practises which an educated Hindu and have worked with admirable zeal would have been at pains to explain to bridge the gulf between Indian and away, if he had not frankly repudiated European civilization, Brahmanism as them thirty years ago, now find zeal- a system represents the antipodes of ous apologists. Polytheism is not all that British rule must stand for in merely extolled as the poetic expres- India, and Brahmanism has from time sion of eternal verities, but the gods immemorial dominated Hindu so- and goddesses of the Hindu Pantheon ciety.

are being invested with fresh sanctity. The Brahmans are not only the The Brahmo Samaj is steadily losing sacerdotal caste of India, but they are vitality. The Prathana Samaj is dead. also the proudest and the closest aris- The fashion of the day is for religious tocracy that the world has ever seen.

revivals, in which the worship of Kali, For they form not merely an aris- the sanguinary goddess of destruction, tocracy of birth in the strictest sense or the cult of Shivaji-Maharaj, the of the term, but one of divine origin.

Mahratta chieftain who humbled in They date back to the remote ages of his day the pride of the alien con- the Vedas, when they constituted queror of Hindustan, plays an appro- themselves the only authorized inter- priately conspicuous part. The Arya- mediaries between mankind and the Samaj, which is spreading all over the gods. There are to-day over 14,000,- Punjab and the United Provinces, 000 Brahmans in India, and they are represents in one of its aspects a re- now split up into a great number of

castes and sub-castes, while a very banishment of the notorious agitator large number have been compelled to Tilak, barrister and editor, adminis- adopt agricultural, military, and com- tered a check to the Swadeshi revolt.

mercial pursuits. But Tilak and some other offenders Neither the triumph of Buddhism, who were punished with imprisonment which lasted for nearly 500 years, nor were adulated as martyrs in the successive waves of Moslem conquest noblest of causes. These agitating availed to destroy the power of Brah- Brahmans had not only sought to manism, nor has it been broken by terrorize the British by organizing British supremacy. There was, it is massacre, but had promised that with true, a brief period when it seemed the extirpation of the hated foreign as if the ferment of new ideas, under rule the golden age would return for ''''estern influence, had begun to affect gods and men.

Brahmanism with almost revolution- Many persons who do not intimately ary effect. Some had openly dis- know India entertain false ideas of carded their ancestral faith, and many the character of the boasted Indian more were moved to search their own National Congress. There is no more Scriptures for some interpretation of striking contrast to the liberal and the law less consistent with Western democratic professions of a body standards. It seemed at one moment which claims, as does this National as if, under the inspiration of men' Congress, to represent an enlightened, like Ranade in the Deccan, and progressive and national Hinduism Thagore in Bengal, Brahmanism was than the fact that in the course of the about to take the lead in purging twenty-five years of its existence it Hinduism of its most baleful super- has scarcely done anything to give stitions and bringing it into line with practical effect to its theoretical re- the philosophy and ethics of the West. pudiation of a social system that con- The liberal movement failed, how- demns some 50,000,000 out of the ever, to prevail against the forces of 207,000,000 of the Hindu population popular superstition and bigotry of the of India to a life of unspeakable deg- orthodox, combined with the bitterness radation. The "deprest classes" of too frequently resulting from the whom we generally speak as Pariahs, failure of Western education to secure tho the name properly belongs to only material success or even adequate one particular caste, the Pareiyas in livelihood for those who had departed South India, include all Hindus who from the old ways. And very grave do not belong to the four highest or issues were raised when such ancient "clean" castes of Hinduism, and they customs as infant marriage and the are, therefore, now officially and degradation of child-widows were euphemistically designated as the challenged. Panchamas-that is, the fifth caste.

The great crisis came when the Multitudes of these 50,000,000 murder of Rand and Ayerst at Poona, "Untouchables," or Panchamas, espe- on the day of Queen Victoria's second cially in southern India, are little bet- Jubilee, sent a thrill of horror through ter than serfs, while many others are India and caused a momentary sensa- condemned to this form of ostracism tion even in England. The trial and by the trades they ply. Such are not

only the scavengers and sweepers, but No doubt the abject ignorance and also the workers in leather, the squalor and the repulsive habits of Chamars and Muchis of northern and many of these unfortunates help to central India, and the ChakiIlians and explain their ostracism, but they do Madigars of southern India, who with not exculpate a social system which their families number I5,000,000 prescribes or tolerates such a state of souls; the washermen, the vendors of things. That if a kindly hand is exspirituous liquors, the pressers of oil, tended to them, even the lowest of the cowherds and shepherds, etc. these deprest can be speedily raised They are generally regarded as de- to a higher plane has been abundantly scendants of the aboriginal tribes shown by the efforts of Christian misoverwhelmed by the tide of Aryan sionaries. They are only now beconquest centuries ago. Some of ginning to extend their activities to these tribes, grouped together in the the deprest castes of northern Indian census under the denomina- India, but in southern India imtional rubric of "Animists" and num- portant results have been achieved. bering about 8,000,000, have survived The Bishop of Madras claims that to the present day in remote hills and within the last forty years in the jungles, without being absorbed into Telugu country alone some 250,000 th-e Hindu social system, and have pre- Panchamas have become Christians. served their primitive beliefs, in which and in Travancore another IOO,ooo. fetish worship and magic are dominant elements. The Panchamas have, how- During the last two decades especially ever, obtained a footing in Hinduism. the philanthropic work done by the A yawning gulf separates the missionaries in plague and famine "clean" higher-caste Hindu and the time has borne a rich harvest, for the "unclean" Panchama. The latter may Panchamas have naturally turned a have learned to do "puja" to Shiva or ready ear to the spiritual ministra- Kali or other members of the Hindu tions of those who stretched out their Pantheon, but he is not allowed within hands to help them in their hour of the precincts of their sanctuaries, and extreme need. Bishop Whitehead, has to worship from afar. Nor are who has devoted himself particularly the disabilities of the Panchama mere- to this question, declares that, in ly spiritual. In many villages he has southern India at least, the rate at to live entirely apart. He is not even which the elevation of the deprest allowed to draw water from the vil- castes can be achieved depends mainly lage well, lest he should "pollute" it upon the amount of effort which the by his touch. and where there is no Christian missions can put forth. If second weII for the "Untouchables," their organizations can be adequately the hardship is cruel, especially in sea- strengthened, and extended so as to sons of drought when casual water deal with the increasing number of in- CInes up. In every circumstance of quirers and converts, and above all, to his life the vileness of his life is train native teachers, he is convinced brought home to the wretched Pariah we may be within measurable distance By an elaborate and relentless system of the reclamation of the whole of the of social oppression. Panchama population.

ROOSEVELT'S VIEW OF AFRICAN MISSIONS *

When Mr. Roosevelt visited British member of which did well-is that a East Africa and Uganda last year he percentage of mission boys drift into judged what he saw with a calmness the towns, and, for instance, be among based upon his experience with the those engaged as porters. They are difficulties of a mixt people dwelling in the castaways of the missions, and America. In any country like East naturally fail to do wen as porters, so Africa, where whites are thrown in that the man who has engaged one will contact with the mass of savages, hos- condemn all mission boys because tility is apt to grow up among the dif- there is a rejected boy who has done ferent classes. Officials do not usu- badly as a porter. Taking the Af- ally like the settlers or the mission- ricans as a whole, I am certain that aries; and the settlers do not like the any unprejudiced witness will testify missionaries or the officials. A traveler to the great improvement. I am will hear the missionary work decried speaking of British East Africa, where by men who have lived on the ground the cultural development of the tribes and who honestly believe themselves is low, and they are still in such primi- to be good observers. Such was Mr. tive savagery that it is impossible to Roosevelt's experience, but, as he told expect to bridge over in a few years a Methodist missionary gathering in the great gulf between them and our Baltimore, he had the proper correct- civilization.

ive. He says: "I visited a number of missions in "Fortunately, I had been out Vest British East Africa, in Uganda, which a good deal and I had sifted for myself is right in the heart of the continent, the statements that both settlers and lying as it does on both sides of the army officers used to tell me about the equator and right in the middle of Indians, and I knew that much of it Africa-in the Upper Nile regions and was not so-I knew that b-ecause I near Egypt. In East Africa I visited knew the Indians. I was not sur- the Africa Inland Mission, under Mr.

prized, but I was greatly pleased, to Charles Hurlburt, at Kajaba, with its find that on the average the mission branches here and there; and a Scotch boy who had received some education Presbyterian mission. In Uganda at one of the mission schools was there were the missions of the Church raised incomparably above his former Missionary Society of England; in the pagan comrades, Sudan and in Egypt, the United Pres- "I do not mean to say that you can byterian Church. Of course, I saw not pick out an occasional mission sta- widely different stages of success at- tion where no good work has been tained by the different missions. That done. Missionaries are human, and depended partly upon the missionaries there are other walks of life where I themselves, and partly upon the· ma- could pick out occasional members of terial with which they had to work. A any profession who amount to very farmer in the arid belt has a good deal little. Take a well-meaning fellow harder time of it than one on the bot- whose zeal outruns his knowledge and tom lands of the Mississippi Valley; he may find himself pitiably unable to and it is just the same way in mis- grapple with new and strange and sionary work.

sometimes very terrible conditions. "In Uganda, where a much higher But, as a rule, I was immensely im- cultural stage has been reached by the prest with the improvement in the natives, a very different state of things character of the natives who had been is found than in the Sudan.

under missionary control. . . . "They had developed a semi-civiliza- "One partial explanation of the in- tion, a sort of advanced barbarism of sistent allegations that mission boys go their own, and had some settled in- wrong-and I have never known in dustries. They made a cloth out of any of our own colleges a class every the inner bark of a certain peculiar • * Quoted from TIw Literary Digest, and Northwestern CAN/ian Advocate.

tree they had there, and they were Mahdi rule had meant in the Sudan.

cunning ironworkers and had musical Mahdism was really an outbreak of instruments; they had herds of cattle various Mohammedan proselyters and goats and they were industrious which reproduced in the nineteenth cultivators of the soil. They had a century just the conditions of the fairly well-developed governmental seventh century. Well-meaning peo- system-almost a representative sys- ple, who did not know anything of the tem-not an elective system, but a rep- facts, would express sympathy with resentative system. They were under the Mahdists on the ground that they a cruel and bloodthirsty tyranny, but were struggling for independence.

they had great capacity for develop- They cared for independence for just ment. Fortunately, they were taken two reasons. In the first place, to kill by the pioneers of Christianity in the out every Christian; and in the next very nick of time. place to establish the slave-trade.

"The· Mohammedans reached them Those were the two cardinal principles from the North just about the time of the government of the Mahdists.

that the Christian missionaries reached Theirs was ai cruelty of which we in them coming in from the East Coast. our lives can~ form no realization. I All who are acquainted with condi- passed through village after village in tions in North Africa know that the Sudan, where I could see native while Mohammedanism unquestion- schools established in connection with ably works some temporary good in the Gordon Memorial College. I any pagan tribe, and brings them up to would see a native school with a na- a distinctly higher stage of culture, tive teacher and lots of children up ethical and intellectual, it unfortunate- to twelve years of age, and perhaps ly petrifies them at that stage, so that three or four over that, and I asked they can not easily advance further, about it. They said, 'Those are the and become well-nigh impervious to Government children.' I asked what Christian missionary effort. If the they meant, and was told all children Mohammedans had had time to make were killed except as the Government these Uganda people Mohammedans, took possession. I came upon tribes we would have had the extreme diffi- of pagans where there would be chil- culty in dealing with them that Chris- dren and old men, and practically no tian missionaries encounter every- men of middle age, because they had where in Moslem lands. all been killed out by the Mahdists.

"While Christianity and Mohamme- I would come upon the traces of com- danism were competing for Uganda, munities where we would find still on a pagan reaction was suddenly the ground the remains of the old threatened, and the pagans declared tribal fires, the fires of the villages they would drive all intruders out of where every living being had been the country. killed. The figures will show that out "Then the Christians and the Mo- of about ten millions of people, nearly hammedans joined forces for a time seven millions were ki:Ied during the and said, 'At least we all believe in years of the Mahdi uprising. Now the Book (the Bible in one case and that is' the thing from which Chris- the Koran in the other), and we will tianity and missionary effort saved prevent these pagans from driving us Uganda. It saved it from sufferings out of the country.' Afterward, most of which we, in our sheltered and fortunately, the Christians got the up- civilized lives, can literally form only per hand and saved the country. the most imperfect idea, and I do wish "Now I wish I could show what that the well-meaning people who Christianity saved Uganda from. laugh at or decry missionary work When I passed through the Sudan could realize what the missionary tribe I saw on every hand what the work has done in Central Africa."

EDITORIALS

THE EDITOR IN ASIA UNION MISSIONARY TRAINING ON Our first letter from the Editor-in- THE FIELD Chief on the foreign mission field is One of the results of the World printed in this number of the MIS- Missionary Conference at Edinburgh SIONARY REVIEW, and we hope that" was the conviction that the work of further letters will follow each month. missions is one, and that all evangelical No definite program has been made missionary societies are but divisions out for this tour, as it is thought best of the one great army. Another conto follow God's guidance step by step. viction, frequently exprest, was the Dr. Pierson hopes to remain long need for definite and improved plans enough in each field to make a careful and methods, with closer cooperation study of conditions and problems, to and greater economy made possible by interview some of the leading workers united institutions in foreign lands. and to render such service as is de- Among the practical suggestions to sired and possible in Bible lectures and be considered by the Continuation other addresses. The careful investi- Committee may well be that of the gation, of which it is expected to give value of a union training school for ' readers of the REVIEW the benefit, missionaries in each of the great mismay be judged from the list of ques- sion fields. This does not mean that tions that have been prepared for sub- young, untried enthusiasts shall cut mission to the most experienced and short their college and professional judicious missionaries at every sta- courses in England, America and Gertion. These include questions as to many in order to hasten out to forthe field and the force at work; the eign fields, but it means that time, methods best adopted, most needed, money and labor may be saved and and the results discernible; the in- efficiency and unity gained if the time fluence of "Higher Criticism" and now spent at many stations, under in- New Theology; evidences of the structors of varied ability, and with power of God in transformed in- all sorts of courses of study to predividuals and communities; instances pare the young missionaries for work of remarkable answers to prayer; the -if this time could be spent at a union greatest present needs and next im- training school where the community portant step; the need of greater coop- life would be spiritual and helpful, eration and the progress toward unity; where the best of instructors could be employed in the vernacular, where Bible work and Christian literature; missionaries of experience could give the chief hindrances on the field to- practical instruction, where libraries day, and the present attitude of the would place the best books on land, Government and of priests and mer- people, missions and methods of work chants; the influence of higher educa- within reach of students, and where tion on missions and the greatest progress could be watched and slippresent need in cooperation from the shod methods avoided. Christians at home. Every experienced missionary knows It is expected that the answers to that efficiency depends not only on these questions will contain much valu- spirituality and knowledge of God, able information, some of which will but is also determined in part by good be incorporated in the monthly letters judgment, sympathetic understanding from Asia and the remainder avail- of natives, knowledge of heathen reable for use in a volume-the result of ligions and philosophy, the methods of these studies on the field. Our read- maintaining bodily, mental and spirers are asked to remember Dr. Pier- itual health and the best methods for son in their prayers that his health reaching a given class of people.

may be preserved and that he may be It is strange that such a project able to serve the cause of Christ on has not long ago been adopted, with the mission fields. various denominations cooperating, in

India, China, Japan, Turkey and else- who give continually, generously, and where, to train men and women to be- gladly to spread the glad tidings to come trainers of natives to establish the ends of the earth. a Church of Christ in each field. How shall we account for this BUSINESS MEN AS MISSIONARIES amazing and most lamentable indif- ference? Where lies the responsibil- Is it too much of a stretch of faith ity? With the New Testament in in men and in the vitality of their hand, showing the teachings of Jesus Christianity to think that some day and the example of the early Church, business and professional men will together with the well-known facts of seek employment and spheres of activ- world-conditions, it would seem that ity in non-Christian lands, actuated by every Christian heart would quickly a positive missionary motive rather respond and every hand would be open than by a desire for selfish gain? Such to give. If from week to week the a suggestion is made by Dr. Josiah needs of humankind were presented in Strong. Is it not reasonable from a print, in every Christian home, and Christian standpoint? Already the the manifold blessings which the gosfields of business, law and medicine pel brings were adequately presented, and teaching are overcrowded in there would be a change of spirit. America and England. Why should Who are responsible for this lack of not Christian young men apply to knowledge and consequent lack of miscommercial houses and other agencies sionary zeal? for employment in foreign lands with a view to self-support and legitimate Missionary societies· are perhaps enterprise in temporal things, but sometimes wanting in enterprise, and actuated by a desire to use all spare fail to supply their constituents with time and every atom n£ influence in information full of instruction and inrepresenting and teaching Christ to spiration, but this can not often be those with whom business or pro- charged to-day. No doubt many pasfession brings them into contact. This is the plan of Satan and his fol- tors come seriously short of their duty, lowers. Should the servants of God making an appeal only once or twice who seek to redeem the world be less 1I. year when the missionary collection wise than the servants of evil or those is to be taken. But every disciple seeking selfish gain? must bear his share of responsibility, for there is no excuse to-day for the THE REMEDY FOR INDIFFERENCE man or woman who remains ignorant of the conditions in heathendom, the The Christian public looks largely to command of Christ and the progress the religious press for informationespecially for religious information- of the gospel. so that when this is not supplied the But the neglect and indifference are multitude is apt to remain unenlightened and so indifferent. by no means limited to these. After many years of constant perusal of The conviction is abroad that Chris- scores of rehgiotls weeklies, from all tendom is sadly lacking in interest and over America and from other lands, zeal concerning the entire great mat- the conclusion is forced upon us that ter of the world's evangelization, and the vast majority of denominational the lack is largely due to the general newspapers are seriously lacking in ignorance of the tremendous, awful this respect. Few give to missions the facts in the case. Not one church- attention and the space that they need member in ten apparently cares a and deserve. The evidence is overstraw for the woful condition of the whelming that the average editor enhundreds of millions of the unevan- tertains no such lofty conception of gelized! In the average church it is his duty as a public teacher and guide. only the few who are awake to their duty and privilege as Christians, and Some papers are excellent excep- tions and illustrate what every editor might and should undertake to do for the enlightenment and spiritual uplift partment, in charge of some one of his readers. One religious weekly, gifted and well fitted for the task?

published in the Far West, heads a Where is the John the Baptist to call page each week with these words in these editors to repentance? Where large type, "RELIGIOUS WORLD MOVE- is the Luther to proclaim and lead in MENTS." In two others the title a radical reformation? The religious "MISSIONARY WORK" calls the atten- weeklies might now form a syndicate tion to a page full of items carefully to gather and diffuse the most im- gleaned from all the world, without portant and inspiring events from all regard to denomination. Another over the world.

does the same under the heading, "THE WORLD FOR CHRIST." One INFLUENCE OF JAPANESE IMMIGRA- TION INTO KOREA paper more secular than sacred, never omits a page relating to "THE Recent immigrants from Japan to WORLD'S WELFARE." On a particular Korea have not been of the best class.

page, in each week, another paper The majority of them has rather been prints the word missions in large godless in every sense of the word.

type, followed by from six to ten mis- Thus their coming has brought all sionary items, brief, pungent and to kinds of worldly distractions, which the point. In all these cases the appeal to the poor, ignorant Koreans.

evidence of design is unmist;,tkable. Many new evils and subtle tempta- The editors appreciate the work of tions have come with this great rush the world's redemption and keep it of immigrants, and the Koreans have continually in mind, endeavoring day been caught by the glamour of the Jap- by day to gather reading matter fitted anese civilization tho they pretend to to instruct and inspire. despise and hate the Japanese. This Besides these a few editors manifest is natural, for the low, trashy things the same interest in a less formal way, of the world will attract man until the but perhaps as effectual. One can not Spirit touches his heart and reveals read what they send forth week by unto him the beauty of the nobler week without being certain that the spiritual things. • man behind the reading matter is THE RELIGION OF MITHRAS thoroughly enlisted in the world-cam- paign to make Jesus speedily known Comparatively little is known of this . and loved by every soul in every land. religion, and yet there have been few But what are these among so many false faiths that have had more to do who manifest no solicitude, and with with the superstitious and religious their pens make no effort to hasten systems of the human race than this.

the spread of the gospel to the ends of Mithras represents the highest of the earth! Should not every editor twenty-eight second-class divinities of take upon himself this responsibility? the ancient Persian pantheon, the Ized A number of religious papers content or Yazata, genius of the bright heaven, themselves with mentioning merely or day, and ruler of the universe, later their denominational news, and these identified with the sun-god. He was gave slight mention to the marvelous worshiped as protector and supporter Edinburgh World Conference. Their of man in this life and the guardian of I readers never hear of the wonderful the soul in the next, defending against work of the Spirit of God in lands impure demons and. introducing the where their missionaries are not pres- soul to bliss.

ent. In their papers the mission In Persian mythology Mithras is the world wears a puny and insignificant all-seeing and all-hearing one, armed look. with a dub as his weapon against What reason can be given why Ahriman and the evil Dews. He was every paper, caIling itself Christian, represented as a beautiful youth in should not maintain a missionary de- Phrygian garb kneeling upon an ox and plunging a knife into his neck, fiction has found an actual counter- with minor emblems of the sun and his part in William January.

course surrounding the group. Most Fourteen years ago he was sen- important of his many festivals was tenced for five years to the prison at his birthday, which, by: the way, is De- Fort Leavenworth, Kan., for robbing cember 25, and is the real origin of our a post-office in Oklahoma. He es- Christmas. The festival of the birth caped a few months before his sen- of Christ was, through the influence of tence would have terminated, became this pagan faith, drawn toward and successful in business, married, and finally merged into the birthday fes- had one child. He had changed his tival of the sun-god. name, and with it, apparently, his This form of worship found its way character.

into Rome and was regularly estab- An ex-convict, who had known him lished by Trajan about the year 100, in prison, demanded money for si- and the so-called mysteries of Mithras lence, but January would not submit fall into the spring equinox. The cere- to blackmail. "I have quit all myoid monies, which were symbolic of the ways," January said; "I am married struggle between Ahriman and Or- and have a family. I don't want to muzd were extraordinary and even have anything to do with you." For dangerous. Baptism was celebrated the sake of a standing reward of $60 and the taking of a mystical liquid, the ex-convict gave the desired infor- composed of flour and water. There mation, and two members of the are seven degrees which are regu- police force were detailed to make the lated according to the number of the arrest. The officers testified in court planets: first, the soldier; second, lions that this arrest was the most hateful and hyenas, the former representing task they had ever been called upon man and the second woman; third, to perform. The two policemen ravens; fourth, the degree of Persis; started a movement to obtain his parfifth, Oromios; sixth, Helios; and, don, and everybody in Kansas Cityseventh, fathers, the highest, also lawyers, doctors, judges, merchants, called eagles and hawks. The mys- the Board of Trade, the Chamber of teries were imported into Asia Minor, Commerce, labor organizations, and Syria, and Palestine, and in some parts private individuals-signed petitions human sacrifices were offered. It was or wrote directly to the President in finally supprest in Robe about 374 A.D. the convict's behalf. The State legis- But tokens of its existence can be lature passed a resolution recommendtraced later in Germany and in other ing the President to exercise clemcountries, and the subtle influence of ency. The result was that he was this ancient superstition may be easily . pardoned, and released. So God first recognized in many of the false re- changes a man and then restores him ligions of our day, and no real history to fellowship.

of religions can be written without THE LIFE OF KAMIL taking this into prominent considera- Kamil, the Mohammedan convert tion. and martyr, whose thrilling story was A MODERN JEAN VAUEAN told in our November number, was The beautiful creation of Victor fortunate in having as a biographer Hugo's pen-the escaped convict who, Rev, Henry H. Jessup, D,D., late of under an assumed name, became in so Syria. Dr. Jessup's story of this many respects a model of heroic self- young Christian is published by the sacrifice, but was discovered when in Westminster Press, Philadelphia, and high office, and in fact disclosed him- from the book we took many of the self to the authorities and accepted photographic illustrations used with the penalty for his former crimes the article. We regret that credit was rather than have an innocent man suf- not given with the publication of the fer-this creation of the master of illustrations,

MISSIONARY

AMERICA the Vorld's Student Christian Feder- ation, is actively interested in this A Sunday-school Missionary Policy world-wide expansion movement. The following centers will have the build- The Young People's Missionary ings they need: The Levant, two; Movement, which met last summer at Kobe, Moscow, Hankow, Canton, Silver Bay, adopted a missionary Bangalore, Tokyo, two; and Mr. policy for the Sunday-school, which Wanamaker, who has already given it sent out as a message to the world at five buildings, promises to erect large. The policy, which its framers another in China. believe to be a standard practicable for all local Sunday-schools, embraces A Phase of the Men's Movemellt the following items: "I. The creation of a missionary atmosphere by the use The Four-square League is finding of hymns, mention of missions and much favor at the Laymen's Missionmissionary workers, and use of maps ary Movement conventions. The men and charts. 2. Definite prayer for mis- who join it pledge themselves to give sions. 3. A missionary committee to at least $1,000 a year to foreign misdirect missionary instruction, plan ex- sions and to persuade three other men ercises, gather material, arrange for to do as much; to get their own special missionary days, provide a mis- churches to quadruple their missionary sionary library, etc. 4. Weekly mis- gifts, and to advocate the general prinsionary offerings. 5. A monthly mis- ciple that at least a fourth of all Chrissionary program or exercise to be used tian giving should be for foreign misat the opening or closing of the school. sions. 6. Missionary instruction, either from the platform or by monthly or other "The World in 80.ton" regular missionary lesson. 7. A missionary section of the Sunday-school A great Missionary Exposition is library. 8. Cultivation of the spirit of being planned for Boston, April 24consecration. 9. Suggestions for adult May 20, next year, at the Mechanics classes for a missionary course of Building. Rev. A. M. Gardiner is study of eight weeks at least once a secretary and manager of "The World year." in Boston," and many well-known names are on the executive staff. Y. M. C_ A. World-work Extensive preparations are being The Young Men's Christian Asso- made, and there are to be 10,000 ciation is preparing for a great mis- workers in the exposition. sionary forward movement, in line with its well-known methods, through- On the work of the stewards much out the world, particularly in the un- of the 'success of the exposition will evangelized portions of it. The coun- depend. To them is intrusted the pretries to be benefited include the Philip- sentation of the pageant, Darkness and pines, Japan, China, India, Ceylon, Light, to be given every afternoon and Korea, Turkey, Porto Rico, Cuba, and evening, representing the history and· Portugal. Over $1,500,000 are to be triumphs of Christianity in every part expended and the plan involves the of the world. They will also explain employment of fifty additional experts to visitors the exhibits portrayed in in the Far East during the next three the village and city scenes, which will years to direct the policy and to super- enable the public to see for them- intend the erection of nearly fifty selves the true conditions prevailing buildings in ten d~fferent nations. Mr. in the missionary fields at home and John D. Rockefeller has contributed abroad. From the enthusiasm with $450,000 to the enterprise, and John which volunteers are offering them- Wanamaker and others have pledged selves as stewards and from the earsums for buildings in designated cities. nestness with which they are prepar- Dr. John R. Mott, general secretary of ing for their respective duties, hopes for the unqualified success of the ex- position are entertained.

The interest in the pageant, the exhibits, the fairylike Moslem mosques, lish, fell in with our missionary at Chinese, Hindu, African and South Havre, Mont., and has since made his Sea villages are sure to attract some home there. He was confirmed two portion of the public interest solely in years ago, and now, under the superthe material aspects of the exposition; vision of the Rev. L. J. Christler, mis- at the service of these and, indeed, of sionary, with headquarters at Havre, all visitors will be the young, enthu- he has not only began a Japanese work siastic workers showing the points of in that town but is extending it along interest, explaining the exhibits, call- the line of the Great Northern, which ing attention to the obvious improve- railway employs a considerable num- ments in conditions wrought by mis- ber of Japanese. The work takes the sionary efforts as demonstrated by form of clubs, which have certain what is directly before the eyes of the beneficiary features, but which exist visitors. avowedly for the investigation of the Not alone in Boston has the plan Christian faith.-Spirit of Missions.

of a missionary exposition been wel- An African Miasion to Africa comed, but through the efforts of Rev.

A. M. Gardiner, whose familiarity In the great auditorium in Atlanta with similar undertakings in England a meeting was recently held, under the is proving invaluable, interest has been auspices of the colored Methodist aroused in a number of cities in the Episcopal Church, and certain pastors United States and Canada. Toronto of the white churches of Atlanta, to and Cleveland have already signified promote a mission in Africa. This is their intention of giving the Exposi- the first mission of the Methodist tion, and plans are already under way. Episcopal Church, South, to be opened The organization of the Missionary in Africa. The meeting was very en- Exposition Company in New York,. thusiastic, and about $460 was raised. which will build and own the various Prof. Gilbert, of Paine Institute, Autemples, street scenes, courts, villages, gusta, Ga., is to be the first missionetc., used to represent the life in the ary. Bishop Lambuth is now en route various home and foreign missionary to Africa to select the field. fields for rental to the cities wishing to make a missionary exhibit, will en- Turkish Moslems Invading Chicago able this to be done at a greatly re- There are 400 Turks in Chicagoduced expenditure in comparison with all devout Mohammedans (not pothe original cost of the construction lygamists, however) who are looking of these exhibits.-The Congrega- soon for a "hoja" (priest), and a cultionalist. tured representative of the "Young Turk" Movement has opened a coffee- A monthly magazine, The Exposi- house headquarters for them. This tion Herald is being published, with a gentleman-Ali Enver Bey, of Contotal circulation of 500,000 copies. stantinople, an accomplished linguist- Scenes of Eastern life will be repro- says that the Chicago Turks came duced, lectures will be given, and in over before the recent Turkish revoluevery way the great educational spec- tion, and know little or nothing about tacle promises to be as great a success recent events in their fatherland. He as that in Crystal Palace, London, a hopes to instruct and inspire them and few years ago. Thousands of people make them adherents to the new order are already planning to be in Boston of things. The Turks, if not total abduring the weeks of the exposition.

A Japanese Home Missionary stainers, are very moderate (as re- An interesting departure in mission quired by the Koran) in their use of work has recently been undertaken in liquors, and they wish it to be known the diocese of Montana. Mr. Paul that they admire and love America, Tajima, a Japanese who came to this and intertwine the Stars and Stripes country some years ago to learn Eng- with the ensign of Turkey. Baptists and Free Baptists Uniting sold or given away. Mormon tracts and papers given away footed up For six years there has been much 1,791,694, while 37,210 Mormon agitation of the union of Baptists and meetings were held which were open Free Baptists, and committees have to the public. had the matter under careful consideration. Finally, at the recent general How Methodist Money is Divided conference of Free Baptists held at Ocean Park, Me., the plans for union At the recent annual meeting of the were adopted by a four-fifths majo- committee on foreign missions held in rity, representing a still larger vote of Baltimore more than one million dolthe denomination at large, in the State lars were appropriated to the various organizations and the churches. The funds and missions for the current Free Baptists have thus authorized the year. entire transfer of the property of the denomination to the Northern Baptist India, with her seven conferences Convention, but this transfer wiIl not and special needs, secured the largest be made hastily. The first step will amount, $191,256. be the handing over of the Free Baptist missionary work to the home and China, with her five conferences and foreign missionary societies of the special workers, $163,8I9. Baptists. The latter will carryon Free Baptist missions just as they have Germany, Switzerland, Norway, been carried on, but, of course, the Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Russia, charge for administrative machinery Bulgaria, Italy, Austria and France, will be much less. $ 169,839.

Mormon Missions South America, $100,860. Japan, $65,061. The Horne Mission Monthly of the Mexico, $60.496. Presbyterian Church prints in the Oc- Malaysia, $49,528. tober issue sorne interesting statistics Africa, $47,269. of Mormon missions gathered from Korea, $39,922. Mormon sources. The authorities of For the support of the missionary the Church of the Latter-day Saints bishops, secretaries, disabled workers, have divided the United States into various emergencies, and vast inseven missions, with headquarters at cidental demands, $226,750. N ew York, Chattanooga, Chicago, In- Total, $I,II4,8oo. dependence (Missouri), Denver, Portland (Oregon), and San Francisco. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Each of these missions has its officers, and each is in turn subdivided into Christian Unity in Great Britain? conferences with their officers, headquarters and working force usually "Christian Unity" is in the air, and serving about two years without the legislative bodies of the Congresalary, friends sending money for gational Church and the Protestant their expenses. The number of mis- Episcopalian in this country have both sionaries is not given, but a summary recently spoken officially in its adof work done last year is as follows: vocacy and for its promotion. It The number of families visited in the seems to be a live subject also over in house-to-house work was 998,363. Of England. The Archbishop of York these, 307,743 were visited a second has urged-it might seem with some time and were reported "hopeful." note of condescension-that the Non- Talks were reported with 850,658 in- conformists must not be thought of dividuals, in which the Mormon doc- "as if they were merely Christians in trines were advocated. Mormon misfortune." Rather they must be apbooks to the number of 162,696 were proached "as Christians who have been called, here in England, as well as elsewhere, to make a very special, strong, and fruitful witness to the faith of Jesus Christ."-Western Christian Advocate. Student. A.tir for Mi••ion. were I 2,964, during the period since Woolwich Free Churchmen have re- that crisis the number baptized has cently been wonderfully stirred by the been 20,741, making a total of 33,075.

presence of some sixty-five student A Quarterly Review on I.laDl missionary campaigners in their midst. In response to interest manifested The campaigners came from the at the Edinburgh Conference, and various London colleges, the large ma- reading the signs of the times through- jority being theological students. out the world of Islam, a new review Seven denominations and six na- is to be issued January I, 19I1, with tionalities were represented. The Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer as editor and campaign was organized by the Stu- Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, of Cairo, dent Christian Movement, and the Dr. Johannes Lepsius, of Potsdam, Young People's Missionary Move- and other students of Islam as asso- ment. The aim of the campaign was ciates. Under the title The Moslem to advocate a definite missionary World, this quarterly will aim to set policy for the churches, and also to forth the nature and devolopment of encourage missionary study and that Islam and the missionary problems it method of study known as the study- presents. The interpretation of Mos- circle method. The campaign com- lem life and thought, reviews of the menced on a Sunday, the students oc- current literature on its subject, re- cupying the pulpits of the thirty-two ports of religious and political move- Free churches in Woolwich. Con- ments in Islam, together with mission- ferences of Sunday-school teachers ary news and correspondence, will fill were held, and Brotherhoods were ad- out its pages. For the subscription drest. The Christian Endeavor and price, etc., of the review, address Gild meetings were given up to the the Nile Mission Press, care of the students on the week nights. Demon- Christian Literature Society for In- stration study-circles were also held dia, 35 John Street, Bedford Row, in various centers. London, W. C.

China Inland Mission to Date To Honor Livingstone This society keeps in the field a The centenary of the birth of David band of 928 missionaries, locatetl at Livingstone will be celebrated in 1913, 210 central stations. The demand for and in view of the fact that the famous laborers is increasing, and during the missionary was a student at Charing year 38 new workers joined the mis- Cross Hospital before he took his medsion, 27 of whom were women. There ical degree, the committee on that in- stitution have decided to inauguseems almost a: dearth of men workers, rate a Livingstone Centenary Million Shilling Fund to enable them to reand altho so many joined the ranks, open the wards which are closed the net increase in the number of owing to want of money. In this conworkers is but small, for 10 passed to nection the fact is being recalled that their reward during the year, and 23 Livingstone once wrote: "It was with were permanently invalided home. unfeigned delight I became a member The total income of the mission WaS of a profession which is preeminently $373,733, which is a decrease as com- devoted to practical benevolence and pared with last year, owing to the which with unwearied energy pursues diminution in funds received from from age to age its endeavors to lessen special legacies. The schools of the human wo." mission are happily, through the operation of a sliding scale, becoming year THE CONTINENT by year self-supporting. The growth of the work is gratifyingly seen in the The Paris Flood and MeAIl Mi..;onl fact that, whereas during the thirty- One of the results of the flood in five years preceding the Boxer upris- Paris is a changed attitude toward the'

ing the number of persons baptized McAll missions, we are told. Where there was at best only a sullen per- In certain places one priest must take mission to hold the services, there is charge of three parishes, and the out- now a cordial appreciation of the good look for the future is even darker. In work done in the time of sore need. 1909 we ordained only nine priests.

In several of the McAll halls, soup In our chief seminary we have but kitchens were established, where many twenty-eight pupils. Our families no were kept from actual starvation. longer will give their children to the Especially is this change of mind priesthood. Go into the cottage, the noticed at Ivry, where the mayor cele- workshop, the saloon, and listen to brates "civil baptisms" once a month, what they say! The cassock is out of at which time the parents promise that style. It is no longer good form to their children shall not receive any wear it!"

kind of religious instruction. The re- The P etit Temps declares that in ligious attitude of the' community may many dioceses the finances are falling be inferred from this institution. The into a bad state. The temporary sub- council now seems to be willing to aid sidies paid by the State have now the missions as a result of the prac- ceased. The Bishop of Mons says: tical aid furnished at the hall. "Parish after parish is threatened with Moravian Missions the loss of its cure. The payments of church dues are diminishing. We can The annual report of Moravian Mis- not look into the future without unsions appears in the Periodical Ac- easiness." The Bishop of Langres decounts recently published. In the 14 clares that "last year's contributions mission provinces the number of bap- feU short of the amount needed for tisms from among the heathen last the clergy's support." In the diocese year was 582, and the number con- of Albi, in spite of the fact that Archfirmed was 1,788. This is the highest bishop Mignot has renounced all safigure on record, and the figure for lary, it has been necessary to cut down the number of scholars in mission salaries 12 per cent. from the former schools, 30,660, is also the highest government standard-and this was a ' on record. The total of European miserable pittance of but $150 to $r60 and American missionaries at work per year for a curate or vicar-to is 375, of whom 150 are ordained. suppress large numbers of vicari- The number of principal stations is ates, and to double up parishes. Similar statements can be multiplied 151, and the baptized membership indefinitely.

amounts to 35,139. The total disburse- Church and State in Spain ments last year reached iI07,796, and there was iII,929 of a deficiency on According to a report of the Amer- the year's account.

Roman CathoJicism in France ican Board, the Spanish peninsula contains less than 5,000 Protestant In the incessant war between Church Christians, As The Westminster says: and State which has gone on in France "Once their rights or wrongs would during the past twenty years, the have been treated with the same instrength of the Church seems to be difference, but now a change has wearing down. The Bishop of Car- come. Spain has been aroused to the cassone says: fact that Church and State must be separate in administration and func- "We are running short of priests.

We can not fill the gaps which sick- tional spheres. The Vatican can make ness and death make. Already to the the law for the one, but not for the fifty-six out-stations regularly at- other. The Pope is still head of the tached to the mother Churches of our Church for the Catholics and will be; diocese we have had to add fifty par- but is no longer head of the civil govrishes which have no longer a resi- ernment. For this the King, the dent priest. In some of these we hold premier and the cortes are responoccasional services; the rest have none. sible, and these associated powers do

not mean longer to shape their acts by nent refuge in Germany. But this has the dictum of Pope or cardinals. The led rather to an increase of the desire religious orders of the Protestants of the Society to extend its work have their rights, and Spain intends among the Turks. The Mohammeto accord them." dan Seminary for the preparation of missionaries to the Moslem has been Women's Work in Germany opened in Potsdam and the two con- verted Mollahs, Pastor Awetaranian, The American consul-general at and Director Lepsius, the son of the Dresden furnishes a remarkable report famous Egyptologist Lepsius, are preon the increase of female workers in paring for a more aggressive cam- Germany. From 1895 to 1907 the paign, chiefly through the instrumennumber of male workers in Germany tality of suitable Christian literature increased 19.85 per cent., and the among the Turks. To enable them to female 56.59 per cent. In 1907 the do this Dr. Roemer, who has been in number of working-women was 8,- charge of the Gossner Missionary 243,493, . against 5,264,393 in ISg5. Society during the last nine years, has Nearly one-third of the economical been called to become director of the activity in the German Empire rests German Orient Mission and entered to-day on feminine shoulders. upon his new duties in October.

In music, theaters and playhouses The German Orient Mission has the number of women has grown from been reorganized, so that an Execu- 10,369 to 22,902, in hygiene and nurs- tive Committee has full charge of all ing from 75.,327 to 129,197, and in business. Dr. Lepsius has been elected the service of the Church and in the first president of the Mission, while missions from 11,378 to 21,453. Au- Mr. Hennings of Potsdam remains its thoresses and journalists increased treasurer. The income of the Mission from 410 to 892) the latter having increased 117.6 per cent. for 1909 was about $37,500, of which almost $3,000 were contributed by its Reorganization of the German Orient sta60ns in Turkey, Persia and Russia. Minion The monthly magazine Der Christ- The German Orient Mission was fiche Orient und die Muhammedaner organized in 1895, chiefly for the pur- Mission is a very valuable and readpose of preaching the Gospel to Mo- able paper. hammedans in Turkey, Persia, and Bulgaria. Soon, however, it engaged German Medical Missions in medical missionary and industrial work among the Oriental Churches, Slowly but visibly the cause of medprovided orphanages for the chiIdren ical missions is progressing in Gerof the Armenians who perished in the many. The German Training Inmassacres, and finally cooperated to stitute for Medical Missionaries, a certain extent with the Stundists in which was opened in October, 1909, Russia. Providentially it has now been is able to report that it has entered directed to more aggressive missionary upon its second year with a largely effort among the Mohammedans in increased number of pupils (24 in Turkey. Its printing-press at Philippopel is issuing the translation of the J909, 32 in 1910). Of the 20 students New Testament into Kashgar and of medicine now in the institute, 10 publishes the weekly paper Gunesh, have declared their decision to become edited by Pastor Awetaranian in the medical missionaries immediately af- Turkish language. Two prominent ter their graduation. What an in- Turkish Mollahs have been converted crease to the German medical misand baptized. They and the mission- sionary force this will mean becomes ary, Pastor A wetaranian, were in stlch clear from the fact that all missionary danger of death that they were forced societies of Gcmany and Switzerland to leave Turkey, and seek a perma- together have only 18 physicians in the field now. At the annual meeting plans were

19I1 ] GENERAL MISSIONARY

perfected to erect during the spring of will permit. The spirit shown by 19]] a hospital for the treatment of members of Parliament promises gentropical diseases, whose chief purpose erous grants in the future. shall be to give a resting-place to missionaries who return worn out and Turkish Women Coming tQ Their Owu sick from their unhealthful fields of labor. The lot for the hospital has Misr-el-Fatat, a Mohammedan pabeen acquired and is paid for. Dr. per published in Egypt, a short time Fiebig, the director of the institute, is ago, contained a lengthy article on the suffering froin a nervous ailment, so question of what kind of an education that he has been obliged to hand in girls need. his resignation, which is to take effect on October I, 191I. I. The teachers of Mohammedan girls must be of Turkish or Egyptian At a meeting of representatives of descent, because European teachers the eleven German societies for med- cause their pupils to lose their national ical missions, which was held in loyalty. Frankfort-on-the-Main, it was resolved to publish an appeal to the 2. Male teachers of girls must be pupils of the upper grades of higher at least 50 years old. schools, to the students of medicine in the universities, and to other circles, 4. Girls should enter the schools for the purpose of gaining more men when five years old and leave at the and larger means for medical mission- age of II or 12. Five years of school ary work. are sufficient for the education of any girl. ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS S. Girls must wear national dress Turkey to Have Public Schools in school.

The new nationalism in Turkey, as 6. The rudiments of arithmetic are fostered by the Young Turkish party, sufficient for home-life. includes the modern school system. Mahmoud Bey, Inspector-General of 7. Geography is unnecessary, be- Public Instruction, says there will cause when a woman travels she is be about 65,000 elementary public under the care of her husband or a schools in operation throughout the male relative. Turkish Empire before the end of the current year, and that number will be 8. .Egyptian girls must read the increased as rapidly as possible. The biographies of Arabian women, who greatest difficulty is to get teachers. excel especially in modesty and hu- Indeed, that is the only obstacle to the mility. extension of the system. Mahmoud Bey says the inhabitants of the 9. Girls must read all passages of various provinces are "crazy" for the Koran and all the precepts of the schools, and are· willing to pay any Prophet referring to women. amount of taxes within their power to secure them. But there are no IO. Girls must learn house-work, teachers to be had. Already Par- cooking, washing, and similar things. liament has appropriated $4,300,000 for the current year for education, of Euphrates College which one-sixth will be paid to private schools and the remainder will be al- This is the only college in Armenia. lotted to public educational institutions and the free public schools n has about 225 students in its four throughout the empire. It is expected that this amount will be increased college classes and 600 more in the gradually year by year as the revenues preparatory department. Half the students are girls, and tho the cus- toms of the country prevent coeduca- tion, the work done for both sexes is similar. The college is so far pre- dominantly Armenian in its make-up. Its students have been almost exclu- sively of that race. Its faculty of 45 professors and instructors includes but 6 Americans; one-half the teachers are women. The demand for the gradu- ates in the new undertakings of Tur-

key is unprecedented; their influence confest Christ and the Mohammedan .and serviceableness are not confined priests came together in my village to to their own race; they bless the whole confute my testimony, one of them land and are the real missionaries to struck me in the face with all his Turkey, with doors of opportunity strength. At that moment my heart opening wide before them. The value said: 'There is a proof that Jesus of the college in these new times is has accepted you, for He has ac- beyond measure. counted you worthy to suffer shame Some Moslem Hearts Teuched for His name.' Before my inner eyes there rose up plainly written the let- A missionary of the American ters of Acts 4 :4, and this gave me Board writes: "We have in Aintab, such a rapture of joy as I had never within one and a half-day's journey known or experienced in any way up from the hospital, at least 1,200 purely to that time. I said: 'If a blow can Mohammedan villages where nothing make me partake of such heavenly dehas ever been done in the way of lights, how great would be the bliss of evangelistic work. We have had pa- dying for the Lord Jesus.' From that tients probably from half of these vil- time death lost all significance for me. lages in the hospital, and Dr. Shepard My only wish was to preach the gospel declared he knew he should meet a to Mohammedans." warm welcome if he could go out among them. Aintab, for instance, The Danish Church and Arabia needs a sufficient staff to enable one The Rev. Dr. Zwemer writes in man to be all the time in the field as a Neglected Arabia, the organ of the touring evangelist. There is no in- American Mlssion to Arabia: "In 1902 difference to religious matters on the Mr. Olaf Hoyer, a young Danish mispart of the Turks. Dr. Shepard has sionary, preparing for work among had special opportunity to come in the Moslems at Jerusalem, happened touch with Turks, officials as well as to read an article in the MISSIONARY military men, and has talked with REVIEW, appealing for the neglected many of them freely on religious mat- province of Hadramaut, South Arabia. ters; and he affirms confidently that The result was that he himself went the field is open to us." to Aden and visited Makallah on the From Mohammed to Christ south coast. Friends in Denmark fol- The converted Mohammedan priest, lowed the enterprise with prayer, and Johannes Awetaranian, in relating his this led to the organization of the Dareligious experiences at the recent mis- nish Arabian Mission, at present cosionary conference in Halle, said: operating with the mission of the Uni- "When I came twelve years ago from ted Free Church of Scotland at Aden, Kashgar to Germany to seek to inter- but with plans for the interior, and est Christians in the Mohammedan with their hearts still set on the un- occupied southern province. mission, my experience was that it is more -difficult to make a Christian be- INDIA lieve in the possibility of such missions Testimony of a Hindu Judge than it is to convert a Moslem to the truth. People say that one can not In a recent letter, Rev. Principal convert Moslems, because apostasy for Mackichan, of Bombay, writes: "In such means death. Let me tell you my illustration of the testimony borne experience. After I had learned by many speakers at the recent meet- through the gospel to know my true ings of the WorId Missionary Con- Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, nation- ference with reference to the leavening ality, honors, life, ancestry lost all process that has been long at work the value which, up to that time, they among the educated classes in India, had had for me. The truth alone be- the following extract from an address came my aim and goal. When I first delivered in Bombay a few weeks ago

MISSIONARY

by the Hon. Sir Narayan G. Chan- Yet their very existence is almost ig- davar Kar will be read with interest. nored in discussions of the wants and "In a lecture delivered before the demands of the Indian people. In Young Men's Christian Association in many parts of India their lot is still Bombay, and reported in the Times a miserable one and they are treated of India, he spoke as follows: 'I with great harshness. In some sec- should like to say at the outs~t that tions they are virtually serfs of their it is not an easy thing for me to stand masters, and are subject to humiliat- on this platform and address a Chris- ing and hindering restrictions. A few tian audience, and yet I am glad to do leaders of the national movement have so, for the Young Men's Christian frankly recognized that the position Association has a warm place in my of the outcaste is a disgrace to Hindu affections, for the reason that I recall society and a fatal obstacle to social so well the example and teaching of progress. The only class which so far Rev. Duncan Macpherson, to whom has attempted to deal fairly with the this association owes so much. There outcaste and to defend him from op- may be much talk about a truly spir- pression is the British official but the itual religion, about the ties of human only ones to give him the right hand brotherhood, about measures for re- of brotherhood and seek his social and ligious and social reform, and so on; moral betterment are Christian mis- but the great curse of our country is sionaries.

that we say and do not-we make By the protection of the Govern- great professions, but do nothing prac- ment and the efforts of the mission- tical to remedy the evils that we pre- aries, the lot of pariahs is steadily im- tend to deplore. Let me tell you what proving. The response of these peo- I consider the greatest miracle of the ple to the efforts of the missionaries present day; it is this: that to this has now become very marked. In great country, with its over 300,000,- many parts of India, especially in the 000 of people, there should come from south, mass movements toward Chris- a little island many thousand miles dis- tianity have come among the outcastes tant from our shores, and with a popu- during the last generation, and these lation of from fifty to sixty millions, movements are gaining in strength a message so full of spiritual life and every year. In Telegu country some strength as the Gospel of Christ. This 250,000 outcastes have become Chris- surely is a miracle if ever there was tians during the last forty years, and one.' "-London Christian. 100,000 more in the native State of A Ma.. Movement in India Travancore. Bishop Whitehead thinks it hardly rash to prophesy that in the Bisbop Whitehead of Madras, in the next century some 30,000,000 or more Nineteenth Century speaks hopefully of the outcastes of India will be of the future of the low castes under gathered into the Christian Church, the influence of Christian missionaries. which will mean a social revolution.

His conclusion coincides with state- Pushing Sunday-school Work ments made by Dr. J. P. Jones and Mr. George Sherwood Eddy and other The Sunday-school Union has in missionaries to the effect that a real India a membership of 458,945, being mass movement has set in toward an increase of 37,866 on the previous Christianity. Ninety-five per cent. of year. The union stands for the very the people of India live in village dis- best in Bible instruction, equipment tricts and only five per cent. of the and management. It publishes IO,O<X>,- whoie population can either read or 000 English and vernacular pages of write. The real need is in the vil- Scripture illustrated expositions, near- lages. The outcastes form about a ly all of which are based on the inter- sixth of this village population of national syllabus. To meet the needs India, and number about 50,000,000. of Sunday-schools in 50 languages there are about 50 editions of "helps" tainly those of the artistic tempera- in 20 languages. A prominent feature ment. For a Buddhist sovereign, his of the union is that it stands for sal- training has been paradoxical. He vation through Jesus Christ, and received his education in England. membership in the church to which His biography reads like that of the the school belongs. eldest son of some peer of Great Britain, suggesting, indeed, anything Presbyterian Progress but the Orient.~Current Literature.

Missionary Wm. H. Hannum, of The new king is, like his father, Vengurle, writes: "A statistical re- much interested with work of the port of the Presbyterian Church in Presbyterian missions, and has shown India for 1909 illustrates the progress that he is ready to help their work by of the various Christian bodies. This his personal influence and contribuchurch was formed in 1904 by the tions. He feels his people's indebtedorganic union of seven denominations ness to the medical and educational of the Presbyterian order. There is work of the missionaries. now a general assembly, comprizing under it 5 synods, 14 presbyteries, and CHINA 178 churches, 1I2 of the churches being fully organized. Baptisms of Concerning Chinese Students the year, 4,743; those of adults being 2,410. Contributions, 45,000 rupees The 4,000 Chinese students, at (over $15,000), an average of over present in Japanese schools, come $1.00 apiece. The communicants now from every part of the empire, even number 14,423; baptized persons, the Mongolian steppes. Many of 47,846; total persons enrolled, 52,494; these are young men of great promise. Sunday-schools, 648; teachers, 1,281; One is described in the Church Misministers, 230." sionary Review, who took his Chinese examinations at fifteen and now at The New King of Siam the age of twenty-one is proficient in chemistry, physics, mathematics, Eng- As the only remaining independent lish and German and is studying sovereign of a purely Buddhist land, Greek and Latin at the University of his Majesty, Chowfa Maha Vaji- Tokyo. The missionary whom he is ravudh, who has succeeded to the serving as secretary says that he often throne of Siam, is the object of the learns thirty pages of Chinese classics worshipful deference of millions of in a day and in this way has literally Asiatics. Not even the ruler of Japan memorized some 150 books. The bears title more gloriously nor can his ablest of all of these Chinese students divine attributes be forfeited through is an earnest Christian and active in the medium of any such humiliation as Y. M. C. A. work. Some 200 Chiwas so recently inflicted upon the nese young women are also studying Dalai Llama of Tibet. His Siamese in Tokyo. Majesty enjoys a sovereignity that remains territorial over the fertile valley In this connection it is interesting to of the Menam but is indisputably note that among those converted in spiritual in the sanctions it possesses the recent revival meetings in Chinese for the pious. "Most divine master of colleges is the son of the managing immortal souls," to quote one designa- director of two of the leading railtion in his excessively long official ways in China. His three sisters in title, the young King of Siam-to be school in Peking have also been concrowned with a hundred and one verted. A young man in Tientsin golden diadems-is to the faithful from a very wealthy Hunan family, "sovereign god of the nine kinds of who has been a devout seeker after gods." the truth and who recently subscribed $12,000 to the building fund of the His essential characteristics are cer- Y. M. C. A. in that city, has also joined the Christian Church. No less

I9II1 GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 7I

than fifty-five students in the Anglo- urges his fellow missionaries to recog- Chinese college in Tientsin have been nize this as "a good symptom." converted, and in the Methodist college some seventy men have pledged A wakening in Chinese Villages their lives to the Christian ministry. Some of the remarkable openings Wide-spread Unrest in villages of South China are thus re- ferred to by Miss A. M. Jones: One of the oldest and most conservative missionaries, writing of the con- "P'ik-t'aam is situated in a rathel ditions in China, says: "There is a high valley in the hills. The whole great deal of unrest throughout China, village has asked to be received into and at present the rains in this region the Faith-men, women and children, threaten the crops, and a failure again in all over 200. As far as we can this year would threaten the peace of judge, they are real and earnest in the empire. The emperor and the their desire to worship the one true imperial clan seem to distrust and God. They have given us the ancesdread the officials, and the officials dis- tral hall for a chapel, and have contrust and dread the people, and the tributed fifty dollars to do it up; and people are ready to rise and wreak Pastor Mok told me this was really vengeance on the officials for all the all they could do, they are so very wrongs they have endured for many poor. At Kong-p'i-t'au, a small villong years. The timber is all dry, and lage on the Lo-a-shaan side of the if only the spark is applied the whole river, the whole village has asked for imperial Tatar fabric will burn to baptism, and the people have given us ashes." the ancestral hall for a chapel. As I sat teaching the women and children Churches Dislike Foreign Rule the Commandments, 'Thou shalt have none other gods but me,' 'Thou shalt An article, entitled "Chinese Church not make to thyself any graven image,' Self-government," appears this month the women eagerly broke in and told in the Chronicle of the London Mis- me 'they had no idols; they had de- stroyed them all and the i"censesionary Society. Its author, Rev. J. burners.' The wood and paper idols were made into a bonfire and burned, Macgowan, has just left China after and the stone ones drowned-cast more than fifty years' work in Amoy, into the water." Miss Jones tells of during which period the small church other villages where there are numbers of between two and three hundred has of hopeful inquirers-including Naamincreased to 9,000. Mr. Macgowan pok, where more than roo persons are refers at some length to the effect that asking for baptisll1.-London Christhe new patriotism, recently reborn in tian. China, has had upon the churches. "In common with their non-Christian Anti-gambling Movement countrymen, they (the Christians) firmly believe that they have men who It has been said China is a land are quite capable of governing China, of gamblers; not because they are natand that the interference of the for- urally more vicious than other men, eigner in its politics should be sternly but because they are without literaforbidden. They have, however, ad- ture of the attractive, popular sort and vanced a step farther, and they are be- have no means'of enjoying themselves binning to show most unmistakably without dissipation. To offset this and distinctly that they desire to take tendency, the Y. M. C. A. and other charge of their own church life, and Christian organizations are planning while quite willing to look upon the for instruction and example to the peomissionary as a friend and one who ple how to have recreation without can give valuable advice when re- vice. At one of these a Chinese Roquired, they do not wish him to have man Catholic teacher gave a violin charge over them, as he has been ac- solo, a Chinese secretary of the Y. M. customed to do." Mr. Macgowan

C. A. rendered two cornet solos, and itself tend to the upbuilding of a a Protestant missionary sang to the Christian Church, but it can not be gathering. The whole meeting was too strenuously asserted that where conducted in so orderly and orthodox educational work is begun and carried a fashion that it was scarcely possible on in direct connection· with church to realize how tremendous a reforma- work and under the impulse of evantion in the whole Chinese outlook gelism, the result is always an enorupon public life this meeting revealed. mous strengthening of the Church of Twenty years, even ten, years ago Christ with which it is connected.

such a meeting would not have been KOREA within the realm of possibility. To-day we have a class of public moralists The Gospel Still Making Progre..

arising who have undoubtedly learned The Korean Presbytery recently . from Christianity in their midst the held its fourth annual meeting. One of the most significant features con- ideals which they are desirous of im- nected with the work is the fact that pressing upon their countrymen."- the missionary spirit glow§ in the Mr. BRITTON, in Christian World.

What China Needs Most hearts of the converts. Pastor Choi was ordained and sent by the Koreans It seems, from a perusal of Far to Vladivostok a year ago. He was Eastern missionary magazines, that anxious to return to his field again for the missionaries on the spot, in China next year, but it was feared that the and Japan, are more awake to the money could not be secured for this urgency and wide-spread opportunity purpose. But when he thrilled his of evangelistic work than the majority audience of I,200 men with the story of missionary supporters at home. of his great work, the audience of "What is China's most urgent need?" natives volunteered to raise the money writes a Canton missionary. And he for his support, and he and his family proceeds, "I venture to say that the will be returned with an ordained reply of nine missionaries out of ten evangelist to assist him. There is now would be, 'China's most pressing a total Christian constituency in the need, from an evangelistic standpoint, Korean Presbytery of I 40,470, altho is a large body of trained native only 39,394 are actual communicants preachers.' " And he adds, "The evan- of the church. These Christians congelistic standpoint is the true point tributed last year to missions,· $I7,- from which to make a survey of these 538.99; to schools, $33,824.96; to hundreds of millions in 'waterless miscellaneous purposes, $3I,759.06; a places.' " total of $83,I23.01.

Says the Chinese Recorder: "There Conditions in One City are fields of missionary labor where tremendous and apparently successful In Pingyang, a city of about 50,000, educational institutions are existing there are five separate Presbyterian side by side with a weak and strug- churches and one Methodist, and all gling Christian Church. Such a con- of them cvrowded to overflowing.

dition of affairs is the reverse of ad- Several of them have to have separate mirable. In general it would seem meetings for the inen and women be- that unless special circumstances can cause of the crowds. There are several for unique enterprises, missionary Sunday-schools in church buildings policy ought to be directed toward the holding several hundred or a thousand establishment of educational work in people of women only. In the after- connection with existing church or- noon it was threatening rain, but a ganizations, and evangelistic enter- congregation of seven or eight hun- prise should be placed from the very dred men and women gathered at the beginning in the forefront of institu- "Central Church," and at the Fifth tional service. Education does not of Church, which has just hived off from the Central, was a congregation of Last Year the Best Year nearly the same number. There are about 5,000 people in Pingyang who A message has been received from go to chUI ch on Sundays. All six of the Presbyterian missionaries in Korea the churches support their own pa~­ stating that the past year, ending Septors and assistants and pay all of their tember I, has been the best year of own expenses. The Central Church their work in that country. During will seat 1,200 people. The Methodist the twelve months ending with that Church looks larger. The Fifth date, there were baptized and received Church has no building as yet, and is into full communion 2,010 persons. In using the Seminary building tem- addition to those who were baptized, porarily. The worshipers number over 3,500 were received in the cateabout 1,000. The Third Church seats chumen classes last year, and while about 400, and the Fourth about 500. many of these gave evidence of genu- ine conversion, it was thought best First Korean Summer Conference by the mission to withhold baptism until they could be instructed for a It was held on Pook Han, a rugged year or more. This means that 5,500 mountain rising 2,300 feet above the persons definitely sought knowledge walls of Seoul. Its far side is cut by a of Christ, and the greater number of number of canons, and in one of these these have been saved so far as huis a delightful grove, surrounding a man judgment can decide. royal tomb. A considerable stream of water flows through the canon and JAPAN affords bathing facilities. In one of the largest Buddhist monasteries the A Strange Phenomenon in Eastern Asia first conference was held of the Christian Student Movement of Korea. The Chinese Recorder calls atten- Sixty-two delegates, including the tion to the marked differences which speakers, were present from ten dif- follow the proclamation of the gospel ferent schools. It being the first con- in the three neighbor nations of the ference of the kind in Korea, the lead- Far East. "To reach the upper ers were desirous of restricting the at- classes and to evangelize the large tendance to thirty-five or forty, and cities seems to have been the work of thus make it possible so to direct the the various Japanese missions from details of the daily life and program the beginning. While nineteen cities as to establish customs that should in western Japan are occupied by misprevail in future conferences. From sionaries, out of 3,756 villages only 21 this latter standpoint, and from the have any Christian work, and the spiritual point of view, this first Stu- great burden resting on the Church dent Conference in Korea was a snc- of Japan is, How to reach this mulcess. The sight of young men study- titude of the common people, who ing their Bibles or on their knees in seem so difficult to win over than are prayer in distant parts of the grove or the higher classes." on the mountain, the general adoption of the Morning Watch, and the quiet In Korea, Japan's near neighbor, announcement of twenty-two different where we should suppose similar conmen, on the last evening, that they ditions and similar results would be had decided to consecrate their lives found, the direct opposite is the case. to Christian service, constituted the The common people are pressing strongest kind of visible proof that the eagerly into the kingdom, while not aim of the gathering was being se- many mighty, not many noble are cured. Among this group, six men called. And, further, while it is most definitely determined to become pas- difficult to get a converted Japanese tors, one a doctor and one a teacher. to preach the gospel to his friends and -Student World. neighbors, in Korea nearly every con- vert seems immediately to become a seeker after souls.

Entering China we shall discover

that hitherto missionary work has aries and 64 local ministers, with seemed to prosper more among the 26,000 members. The note of triumph common people and among the rural is a loud and sweet one, and there is population, and in no other mission ample evidence that the Gospel of field has it been so difficult for an Christ has not lost any of its power in official, or one of the upper classes, to the salvation of souls. But there is, become a pronounced Christian. alas, a sad note also: the harvest is How Christianity Spreads waiting, for the laborers are few; the stations are undermanned, and con- It is now frequently remarked that sequently there are peculiar difficulin the Japanese newspapers the words ties. of Jewish prophets and of Christ are often quoted. According to Kanzo Light and Darkness on the Kongo Uchimura there are very many Christians in Japan who are not converts The appeal of the heathen world of any mission, who in their family for Christ is most path(Otically porlife live as Christians, but who do not trayed by Rev. J. O. Reavis, coordi- nate secretary of foreign missions, think it necessary that religious per- who visited our African mission on sons should organize into churches. the Kongo last summer. Dr. Reavis says: "Almost daily groups of people "We go to Jesus of Nazareth directly from distant villages come to Luebo and aim to live and be made like and Ibanj to plead that a teacher of Him," he adds. God be sent to the people dwelling in darkness in their heathen villages. AFRICA One deputation that had walked about Egyptian Darkness Passing The converts of the United Pres- ISO miles came while I was at Luebo byterian mission in Egypt number and told Mr. Martin that they had 20,000, and among them are 43 or- built a church in their village with the dained Egyptians, besides numbers of hope of securing some one to teach native helpers, teachers and colpor- them the way of life. They had teurs. In the town of Asyut there are waited and waited. Now the church 2,200 young people in the higher had rotted down and no messenger schools of the mission. Tho the bap- had come to their relief. So they had tized Mohammedans have not ex- come to Luebo to make a last plea and ceeded 160, an influence favorable to to know if there was any hope for the gospel is being exercised on the them, signifying their willingness to Mohammedan popUlation through the build another church if only a teacher hospitals, the schools and the visita- could be sent to tell them of the Lord tion of the harems. It is pleasant to Jesus Christ." From another distant recall the fact that so wisely and village messengers came pleading for thoroughly does this company of a teacher.-Presbyterian of the South.

workers occupy the Nile valley, that it Is Britain a Hindrance? has no rival and is known as the American mission. One would have supposed Great Britain was past such opposition to The Call of West Africa mission work as is reported from the In a contribution to the Foreign African field. The Baptist Foreign Field, Rev. J. Delaney Russell gives a Board some time since appointed a gratifying record of progress and suc- commission to inquire into conditions cess in West Africa. The region, he in the Sudan. This commission has says, is "divided Methodistically" into now returned, and makes its report.

three districts, which together cover It declares that the opposition of the an area of about 200,000 square miles, British Government toward any with a population of about 5,000,000, church entering the field, together speaking 16 languages. For this field with the antagonistic attitude of Bel- there are 24 men and women mission- gium toward all mission work, makes

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

11lisSlOnary effort in the Sudan espe- So it was not merely the value which cially difficult. Besides these two they thought of, but their associations European powers, the Mohammedan with God's Word." also is filled with rage toward Chris- tians engaging in mission work. The Situation in Uganda Religious Liberty in Madagascar The following summary will have a deep interest for multitudes whose For several years past the represen- hearts have been stirred by accounts tatives of the Anglican, Protestant, of the doing of the Lord in that re- and Roman Catholic missions in gion: All the countries in the king- Madagascar have constantly and justly dom of Uganda have been occupied complained that their work has been by British missionaries or Baganda hindered by the French Governor- clergy. There are training-classes for General of the island, who has shut up men and women teachers and a nora large proportion of the mission mal class at Mengo, the native capital, schools, and has refused permission and training classes at many other sta- for new churches to be built or for na- tions. The schools include the king's tive congregations to assemble for school, an intermediate boys' school at worship even in private houses. All Budo, and a high-school at Mengo, who are interested in the maintenance both of them for the sons of chiefs of religious liberty will welcome the and for others who can pay the fees; statements made by the newly ap- a girls' boarding school at Gayaza, and pointed Governor, M. Piquie, who has a considerable number of elementary publicly declared that he is anxious schools. At Mengo there is also a hos- "to maintain the policy of toleration pital, to which several dispensaries are in religious matters." Should the affiliated. policy previously adopted of interfering with the religious beliefs of the The pastoral care of the 69,000 people be abandoned, and the Mal- Christians in the mission is shared by agasy be left free to provide for the European missionaries and Baganda religious instruction of their own and Batoro clergy. All the native children and for their common wor- clergy and lay teachers, who now numship, it is probable that there will be ber 3I and 2,046, respectively, have ala rapid spread of the Christian faith ways been entirely supported by the throughout the island. contributions of the people, but re- cently a number of evangelists have Malagasy Love for the Bible been sent by the bishop to the Bukedi country, who are supported from Archdeacon Cornish, of the S. P. G. money voted to the diocese by the mission in Madagascar, writes: "In committee who distributed the unalvisiting the Christian families in the lotted portion of the Pan-Anglican Ramainandro district-where the anti- thank-offering. Throughout the mis- Christian party destroyed all the sion, evangelistic work is largely in the churches during the rebellion a dozen hands of native teachers superintended years ago-I have noticed that their by European missionaries. The staff Bibles bear dates anterior to the trou- of the mission consists, besides Bishop bles; tho I know that most of them Tucker, of 38 European clergy, 4 doclost all they had at that time, and had tors, 9 other laymen, 34 missionaries' their houses burned, too. On asking wives, ,and 27 other women missionhow they came to have saved their aries. Eight of the women are trained Bibles and very little else, I got the nurses. same answer in almost every case: 'Ny Baiboliko va avelako 170 very?' ISLANDS OF THE SEA (i.e., Would I let my Bible be lost?). N ow they knew that through the Missions Prospering in the Philippines generosity of the Bible Society they could get a new Bible for a shilling. Missionaries are able to send home such good tidings as these: "Won- derful changes have taken place in these islands since American occupa- Javanese to seek education and to tion twelve years ago. The Govern- place themselves in line with civilized ment is better, sanitary conditions are peoples. The American Methodists very much improved, the intellectual who carryon an extensive system of and educational conditions are making Anglo-Chinese schools in the Straits much progress. Five hundred thou- Settlements and the Malay States have sand children are studying English in been asked by the Chinese of Batavia the public schools every year. A large to furnish them a principal for their number have entered higher schools, school there, themselves to be responand many are now holding positions sible for his support. of honor and responsibility who made their start five, eight, and ten years German Mi••ions in Sumatra ago. The Rheinish mission in Sumatra "About 150 missionaries are at work. reports 3,600 conversions in 1999. The Presbyterians were the first to The I72,000 Christian Alifuri in the enter; the Methodists and Baptists colony of Minahassa (the Celebes) soon followed. The Episcopalians, are organized into the Dutch Colonial Congregationalists, United Brethren Church. Life and property are as and Christians have taken up work safe there as in Holland. Of the since. The territory has been divided Sumatran Bataks, 94,000 have beup among these denominations, all of come Christians, but on Java, with its which are doing aggressive work. 30,000,000, there are but 36,000 na- There is very little overlapping. Du- tive Christians. ring the ten years about 50,000 converts have been brought into evan- Light for the Dark-minded Kanakas gelical churches. Ten thousand members have been gathered into Pres- Christian work among the indenbyterian churches. Hospitals, schools, tured Kanakas on Queensland sugar seminaries and churches have been es- plantations gathered 2,484 converts tablished here and there on almost all into churches before the Government the larger islands." forbade the importation of Kanaka labor. Five hundred of these have Methodist Work in the Philippines now gone back to the grossly heathen and cannibalistic Solomon Islands. In ten years the Methodist Church Forty schools are taught and supin these islands has grown to 30,000 ported by native Christians–one remembers and 10,000 adherents. Five sult of this home-coming. A flourishhundred Filipinos are under appoint- ing evangelistic work is also reported. ment to preach the gospel. A deaconess training school, hospital, theo- OBITUARY logical seminary, and orphanage have been built. A recent demonstration Rev. John E. Clough, of India held in Manila gathered many thousands of Filipino Methodists with One of the most remarkable of banners, mottos and a dozen brass modern missionaries has passed away bands. The most commonly recurring in the death of Rev. John Everett motto in that city, so long given over Clough, D.D., the apostle to the to Mariolatry, was significant: "Jesus, Telugus of India. Dr. Clough was the only Savior." born near Rochester, New York, in 1836, and was the leading missionary Life from the Dead in Java in the great Telugu revival that fol- lowed the famine of r877. He gained The people of Java seem to be awa- great influence over the people and kening. A movement called the "Budi 12,000 were baptized in one year. Utomi" is reported, which embraces We plan to have a sketch of Dr. thousands of members and appeals to Clough and his work in an early num- ber of the REVIEW.

THE MISSIONARY

REPORT OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CON- need for thorough Christian training for the future leaders and church- FERENCE. Nine volumes. Nearly 3AOO members. The results of this educa- pages. 75 cents a volume, $5.00 per set, tion, especial.ly in India and Japan, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. have proved Its value. This education should be evangelistic, progressive and I9 IO. elevating to the whole community. There should be some degree of co- It is undoubtedly true that there has operation with the local governments, never been such a thorough, scholarly, ~ut not at the cost of the missionary statesmanlike study and presentation Ideals and purposes. There is a of the facts and problems of foreign great need of endowed educational missions as that contained in these missions in China and elsewhere for volumes. They represent the work of the sake of training native Christian over 150 experts on the eight commis- leaders. sions, besides hundreds of missionaries and other colaborers whose opin- Volume four presents the views as to the missionary message to nonio1).s and information was obtained by Christian religions. The report decorrespondence. These reports pre- scribes the relation of Christianity to sent the reports of the commissions ammlsm, Chinese religions, Islam, and the discussions at the conference Shintoism and Hinduism. The conin Edinburgh. One can obtain in these clusion is that these religions, while volumes a view and understanding of containing much truth, are dying and the progress and problems of the Prot- do not prove effective in saving men estant Christian missionary campaign from sin and its consequences, either among non-Christians that he could here or hereafter. The preaching of not gain otherwise in many years the simple gospel of salvation through of study and the reading of hundreds faith in Christ is proved to be the most of volumes. The price is amazingly effective means of converting men. low. Volume five contains the report on Volume one surveys the whole non- the preparation of missionaries. The Christian world with a view to pre- present situation on the field, the senting just what is being done and present methods of preparation, the what still remains undone in the task principles which. should be recognized, set before the Christian Church. The the need of speCIal preparation and the commission declares that the Church ought and can immediately occupy the functions of the candidates' commitremainder of the field; that China, Af- tee are carefully considered. More rica and India demand particular at- thorough education is required to-day than formerly, but spiritual qualificatention. Other lands, such as Korea tions are none the less needed. and Laos, call for advance because of the receptive attitude of the people. The opportunity and responsibility before us call for more careful planning and closer cooperation that the Volume six discusses the "Home task may be accomplished speedily Base" in a most thorough and satis- factory manner, and contains a very and satisfactorily. Volume two considers the Church valuable list of missionary books arill the mission field-a most important ranged under topical divisions. These topic. The commission finds gratify- alone comprize over 225 pages.

ing progress in the development of . Volume seven considers the im- self-support and self-extension in portant subject of missions and gov- many fields, but recommends more ernments, local and home. The report uniform policies on the part of mis- is ably presented, and shows the sionary societies and closer coopera- faults of both missionaries and the tion in dealing with church-members governments in failing to work har- in planning for an advance. moniously together.

Volume three discusses education on Volume eight is taken up with co- the mission fields and presents the operation and unity and has to do

with what was perhaps the most stri- MEN OF MARK IN MODERN MISSIONS. By H. B. Grose. Pamphlet. IS cents. king feature of the conference-a de- American Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1910. sire and a conviction reaching out This is book five (for the Intermetoward more harmonious work among diate Department) of the Graded Mis- sion Studies prepared by the "Baptist the various divisions of the Chr~tian Forward Movement for Missionary Education." They are useful pamphforces. Not uniformity or union is lets for Sunday-schools and young people. The present studies include needed so much as essential unity in Roger Williams, John Mason Peck, Hezekiah Johnson, Henry B. Whipple, principles and action. . . Timothy R. Cressey, and Elihu Gunn, all but one Baptist missionaries in Volume nine conta111s the history America.

and records of the conference, to- MEN'S NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONGRESS, CHICAGO. 800 pp. Laymen's Missiongether with addresses delivered at t~e ary Movement, New York. 1910.

evening meetings. The index to this Here are the men's stirring mislibrary of missionary sci~nce ma~es sionary addresses at the four days' meeting in Chicago last May. These the immense amount of 111formatlOn include some unusual messages from unusual men-a remarkable group of available to the reader. Already the speakers, many of them professional and business men of international sale and orders for these volumes reputation.

have shown the wide-spread interest CHRISTIANITY AND NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGin the subject. It would be il!lposs~ble IONS COMPARED. By Edward A. Marshall. to give them a careful readmg wl~h­ 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Colportage Association, Chicago. out being inspired and enthused with the great undertaking in whic~ the Mr. Marshall has made a practical study of the non-Christian religions Church is engaged and the promise of and here gives us the main points about each in brief outline. He convictory before us. trasts Christianity, Brahmanism, Hin- duism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confu- WINNERS OF THE WORLD. By Mary and cianism, Zoroastrianism, Parseeism, William Gardner. I6mo, 239 pp. So Rhinto and Islam as to their founders, cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1910. causes, history, followers, sects, exten- sion, system, present head, beliefs, These are missionary studies for idols, writings, etc. Mr. Marshall also boys and girls. Each lesson deals with gives some 800 library references to some heroic character, who worked as prove his assertions and to facilitate a missionary of Christ. The series is further study. His book is unique for well planned and well writte~. Chr!st the amount of its information in com- Himself is presented as the Ideal mis- pact form. He refers to 44 separate sionary – industrial, itinerant,. med- books. This would be an excellent ical winner of all classes, tramer of text book for study classes. native workers. Paul's work is outlined then other early Christians SALVATION, IN HINDUISM AND CHRISTIAN- Foll;wing these come chapters on win- ITY, By Wilhelm Dilger. Translated ners of barbarians, men like Martin of by Louise Oehler. 8vo, 537 pp. Basel Tours, St. Patrick, St. Augustine, and Mission Book and Tract Repository, Boniface; winners of the Northlands, Mangalore, India. Igo8. like Auschar; winners of India, like Carv and Judson; winners of Amer- This is a careful study of the comica -like Eliot and Gardiner; winners parison and contrast between two of 'Africa, like Crowther and Livingstone· winners of the islands, like Paton' and Patteson; winners of Japan, like Xavier and Neesima; winners of China like Morrison and Mackenzie.

Th~ material of the book is judiciously selected and the chapters are well written. Some practical suggestions to teachers add much to its value.

I9 II ) FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

great religions as they relate to salva- missionary in India to a friend at tion of man. It is a theological, not home. They describe her observaa popular study and takes up the con- tions and experiences on her way to ceptions of God, of the world, of evil and of the nature and place of salva- the field and in actual service. The tion. It will be of great value to missionaries. descriptions are bright, feminine and human, with the missionary flavor' ADVANCE IN THE ANTILLES. By Howard B. s~ro~g and disti?ct, while without spe- Grose. I2mo, 259 pp. 50 and 35 cents. CIal hterary ment. They have sunshine The Young People's Missionary Move- and humor, with the shadow of the ment, 1910. ~wful ~in and .suffering so omnipresent III India. ylthout nauseating details There was need of a book on mis- they let one 1I1to the daily life of a wosions in Cuba and Porto Rico. A man medical missionary. Tho the letlittle more than ten years ago they ters are autobiographical, they have a were in the hands of Spain, and their touch of romance, too. The authoress condition of poverty, ignorance and closes with a return to America for the sin was about as bad as it could be. "rest cure," but with the expectation N ow, after a decade of American civil of "being happy ever afterward." government and influence and freedom for missionary work, it is time to RECRUITING FOR CHRIST. By John Timothy note the conditions and results. Mr. Stone. I2mo, 224 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming Grose has, in this text-book for mis- H. Revell Co., 1910. sion-study classes, given us a brief description of the islands and the con- Dr. Stone is a personal worker of ditions under Spanish rule, an account the sane and unhackneyed sort. He of the mission work and the outlook. deals as a man with men and at the In his statistical tables he gives I I same time as an ambassador of Christ Protestant societies at work in Cuba, with those still "afar off." He shows with 140 missionaries and 215 native that the true motive in such Christlike workers in 57 stations and 146 out- work is centered in our relationship stations. The Protestant constituents to God and must include an earnestnumber 15,324, of whom 9,564 are n.ess and love ~hat is neither profescommunicants. In Porto Rico there SIOnal nor eaSily discouraged. Dr. are IS American societies, with 178 ~tone gives the results of wide expemissionaries and 203 native workers nence and real attainment in work for in 75 stations and 458 out-stations. men ; .h~ offers valuable suggestions as The Protestant native constituency is to tra1l1Illg and methods that will make 20,631, of whom 13,255 are com- such work grateful. It is a book that municants. When we consider that inspires with a desire to "recruit for the colored and mixt population of Christ," and a faith that we, too, may Cuba is 608,287, and of Porto Rico see notable and nUmerous cases of 363,817, it is evident that under the "twice-born men." perfect freedom of the Stars and Stripes the people have been more THE GOSPEL WORK IN MODERN LIFE. By ready to accept the liberty found in the Protestant Church. There is. Robert Whitaker. 12mo, 139 pp. 50 however, little of that denominational cooperation that was so much advo- cents, net. Griffith & Rowland Press ' cated ten years ago. Philadelphia. 1910.

A BLUE STOCKING IN INDIA. By Winifred The social influence of Christianity Heston, M.D. I2mo, 226 pp. $1.00 net. is. here .presented. We should recog- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1910. :l1~e t1118. feature of Christianity, but It IS a mlst~ke. t? think it. n;ore impor- This purports to be, and we have no tant than mdlvldual reltgIOn. First, doubt is in the main, a collection of a man must be good through faith in letters from a young lady medical Jesus Christ and then he must work to bring his brothers to Christ. Neither phase of Christianity must be neg- lected.

THE CHILDREN OF AFRICA. By James B. THE MODERN MISSIONARY CHALLENGE. By Baird. John P. Jones, D.D. 8vo., 359 pp. $1.50, THE CHILDREN OF ARABIA. By John C. Young. IS. 6d. each. Illustrated, 12mo, lIet. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 95 pp. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. Edinburgh. 60 cents, net. Fleming H. 1910. Revell Co., New York. 1910. THE CALL OF THE NEW ERA, ITs OPPOR- These two additional volumes to child life in mission lands are excellent TUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. By Rev. for a juvenile missionary library. The book on Africa is more distinctly William Muir, M.A., B.D., B.L. Edited a description of child life than that on Arabia, but both give interesting facts by George Smith. 12mo., 350 pp. $1.25, and stories of the countries and the customs of the people. They are lIet. American Tract Society, New York. written from a Christian missionary viewpoint, and tell with closing chap- 1910. (Reviewed in October, p. 798.) ter of Protestant missionary work. THE VICTORY OF THE GOSPEL. By J. P. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN JAPAN. Edited by D. C. Greene and G. M. Lilley, M.A., D.D. 12mo., pp. 391. $1.50.

Fisher. $l.oo. Mr. Kyobunkwan, Tokyo. United Press, Philadelphia. 1910. (Re- 1910. viewed in October, p. 798.) This eighth annual issue of the mis- THE PAST AND PROSPECTIVE EXTENSION OF sionary year book of Japan includes also papers read at the Semi-Centen- THE GOSPEL BY MISSIONS TO THE nial Conference of Protestant Missions in Japan, celebrated in October, HEATHEN. By Anthony Grant. 12mo., 1909. These addresses have naturally much historic value and give a clear 270 pp. S. P. G. F. P., 15 Tufton St., idea of the present situation in Japan. Westminster, S. W., England. 1910. The year book proper not only gives facts and figures relating to missions ISLAM IN CHINA-A NEGLECTED PROBLEM. and native Christian enterprises, but also contains many facts relating to By Marshall Broomhal, B.A. Preface by Japan's foreign affairs, business, education and social conditions and pro- John R. Mott, M.A., LL.D., Prof. Harlan gress. There are also obituaries of Japan's missionary workers and in- P. Beach, M.A., Rev. Samue M. Zwemer, formation on such topics as the Chin- D.D. Illustrated, 8vo., 332 pp. 7S. 6d., net. ese students in Japan, the Russo-Jap- China Inland Mission, Newington Green, anese Convention, the annexation of London, N. Korea, etc. The total missionary force nuw com- THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. Being prizes 93 I, with 563 ordained native "The Christian Movement in China," ministers and 1,002 other native helpers. Communicants number 60,635, 1910. Edited by D. MacGillivray for the and the total membership' 75,608. C. L. S. I2mo., 43I-Ixxiv. Christian NEW BOOKS Literature Society for China, Shanghai.

THE TASK WORTH WHILE; OR, THE DIVINE 1910. PHILOSOPHY OF MISSIONS. By Henry THE NEW TESTAMENT OF HIGHER BUD- Clay Mabie, D.D. 12mo., pp. 343. $I.25 net. Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadel- DHISM. By Timothy Richard. 12mo.

phia. 1910. $2.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New THE UNIQUE MESSAGE AND THE UNIVERSAL York. 1910. MISSION OF CHRISTIANITY. By James Franklin Love, D.D. 12mo., 256 pp. $1.25, THE LANDS OF THE TAMED TURK. By Blair net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1910. Jaekel. Illustrated, I2mo. Cloth deco- rative, boxed, $2.50; three-quarters mo- rocco, boxed, $6.00. L. C. Page & Co., Boston. 1910. LIFE IN THE ORIENT. By K. H. Basmajian.

Illustrated, 8vo., 277 pp. $1.00, net. Amer- ican Tract Society, New York. 1910.

OPALS FROM AFRICA. By A. F. Hensey.

Pamphlet, 64 pp. E. W. Allen, Box 884, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1910.

MISSIONARY HEROES IN OCEANIA. By John C. Lambert, M.A., D.D. Illustrated, 12mo., 162 pp. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phil- adelphia. 1910. .

WITH THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS. By Dr.

George Brown. 12S., lIet. Macmillan & Co., New York. 1910.

JAPAN AND THE JAPANESE. By Walter Tyn- dale. 8vo. $5.00. The Macmillan Co., New York. 1910.

CHILDREN OF JAPAN. By Janet Harvey Kel- man. Illustrated, 12mo., 93 pp. IS. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- burgh. 1910.

CHILDREN OF JAMAICA. By Isabel Cranstoun Maclean. Illustrated, 12mo., 95 pp. IS. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson & Fer- rier, Edinburgh. 1910.

ADVENTURES AMONG THE RED INDIANS. By H. W. G. Hyrst. I2mo. $1.50. J. B.

Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. 1910.