The Missionary Review of the World — September 1935

1935

The Only Christian College in Iran Samuel M. Jordan Islam's Debt to the Bible Samuel M. Zwemer Federal Favor for Fetishism Flora Warren Seymour Always Something New in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs What Is a Faitll Mission?

Robert Hall Glover Forty-seven Years Among Chinese Jonathan Goforth Front Page News-An Airplane Crash!

R. w. Hambrook 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember Obituary Note. Mrs. Lucy W. Peabody has

September 3-S-Negro National Bap- Miss Stella Relyea, who had served from the chairmanship of the Associa- tist Convention, 143d Street Armory, 37 years under the Baptist Board in tion of Baptists for Evangelism in the Harlem, New York. China, died May 7 at Clifton Springs, Orient. She has been succeeded in N. Y. In 1902 she became principal' the chairmanship by Rev. Harold T. September 16-23-School of Missions, of Chung Md Girls' School in Kinwha. Commons, of Johnson City, New York. Minnesota. Mrs. A. F. Auguster, The work of this Association is con- 1536 Van Buren St., St. Paul, Min- fined to the Philippine Islands. nesota. *** *** September 17-24–School of Missions, Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Mrs. Archibald Hore, for many Rev. Paul Shinji Sasaki, professor Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. years associate editor of the Spirit of Liturgics and Applied Theolog~-, of 1ldissions, died last June in Scotch Central Theological College, St. Paul's September 27-0ctober 6 – Interna- Plains, N. J., at the age of 86. tional Committee of International University, Tokyo, has been elected Missionary Council. Northfield, *** second Bishop of the diocese of Mid- Mass. Japan. He will be the fourth native Bishop Arthur Stanley Ward, of of Japan to be elevated to the Angli- October 15-20 – International Con- the Moravian Church, died May 27, in can espiscopate. vention of the Disciples of Christ. his 71st year. He was born in Ja- San Antonio, Texas. maica, where his father was a mis- * October 16, 17-American Mission to sionary. Bishop Ward was a member Rev. G. A. Riggs, Baptist mission- Lepers. Annual Meeting, New of the General Missions Board of the York, N. Y. Moravian Church. ary in Puerto Rico, is celebrating the October 22-Five Years' Meeting of :;: * * silver jubilee of his service in the the Friends. Richmond, Ind. Levi Mumaw, Yice-President of the island. * * '" October 2S-November 1 – Houston. Mennonite Board of Missions and Texas. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Charities, diE'd at his home at Scott- Dr. T. L. Holcomb, of Oklahoma Robinhood, Houston, Texas. dale, Pa., .Tune 4. In addition to his City, has ~ucceeded Dr. L J. Van Ness duties in conncctilil1 with the mission November 17-Men and Mission Sun- activitics he was secretary-treasurer as Secretary-Treasurer of the South- day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the of the Mennonite Publishing House at World Today." For source material Scottdale, and secretary of the Men- ern Baptist Sunday School Board. write to the Laymen's Missionary nonite Central Committee, a relief or- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- ganization that carried on extensive * *' * cago. work in the Near East and Russia after the war. Dr. Daw Saw Sa, who is noJw in December 7-Universal Bible Sunday. private medical practice in Burma, '" * * takes an active interest in missionary December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936- work, and represented the National Student Volunteer Convention. In- Miss Elma French, missionary of Missionary Council of India, Burma dianapolis, Ind. and Ceylon, at the International Mis- the Reformed Prellbyterian Church in sionary Council Meeting at Lake Mo- the Levant, passed away April 26 at honk, New York, in 1921. She was Aleppo, Syria. Miss French had been formerly Head of the Lady Dutferin on the field about twenty-seven years. Hospital at Rangoon. The greater part of her work was in Mersine, Asia Minor, where she did ** outstanding work in the schools and for the refugees and Armenians Dr. J. J. Lucas, of the American through their trying years. Presbyterian Mission, who began his service in 1870, is the senior mission- ary of North India. He has beeR active with his pen and recently has published a history of the North India Tract and Book Society.

Printin Personal Items •*• When You Require It Dr. and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, Dean L. S. Cozart, of Barber-Scotia President of the World Christian En- Presbyterian School at Concord, N. C., We wish to ext••d to you an invi- deavor Union, sailed from New York has been accorded several honors as a tation to become acquainted with on a round-the-world tour on July reward for outstanding service. The THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of 12th. Mter visiting Europe and at- Governor of North Carolina asked him Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. tending the Christian Endeavor Con- to serve as a member of a special com- vention in Budapest, they plan to visit mittee of fifty, composed of 25 whites Thousands of institutions and individ- Greece, Egypt, the Holy Lands, and and 25 Negroes, to gather facts reuals have accepted a similar invitation, go through Persia and Iraq to India, garding Negro teachers in North Caroand have enjoyed a profitable printing Siam, China, Korea, Japan, and Aus- lina. He was also asked by the State association for years. Department of Education to serve on Our specialty is Books, Magazines and tralia. Dr. and Mrs. Poling expect to the Textbook Committee, the first Booklets. We have modern equipment to meet all the requirements of your be in Hawaii in March and to return Negro in the history of North Carolina particular job. Our service is quick, to the United States in April, 1936. to be asked to' help select its textbooks. careful and courteous. ,. '* '" * ,. * Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted Dr. James L. Barton has retired Dr. Harold A. Moody, Negro phywith our product, price, and service. from the office of President of the gov- sician in London, is the founder and erning boards of the three union col- president of the League of Colored The Evangelical Press leges for women in India, an office Peoples, organized in London four which he has held since their organiza- years ago to promote the economic, Printers 01 tion. He has also resigned as chair- educational, political and social inter- man of the trustees of the v,ralker ests of colored peoples in Great The Missionary Review of the World Missionary Homes, Auburndale, Mass., Britain and America. He has been after thirty-five years of service. elected president of the British Chris- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: tian Endeavor Union. **• Third and Reily Streets Harrisburgl Pa. *** Dr. Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of the Department of International Jus- Dr. Robert Cochrane has resigned tice and Goodwill of the Federal Coun- the medical secretaryship of the Brit- cil of ChUrches, has been designated ish Empire Leprosy Relief Associa- as the special investigator with regard to the possibility of establishing an tion to work as a volunteer for five American church in Moscow to serve years among lepers in India. He will members of the American colony. (Concluded on page 385.)

MISSIONARY Times may grow worse, but the RE- America and open fQr engagemet;lts

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VIEW grows better." during the autumn. Arrangements may be made through Dr. David Por- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR. ter, Headmaster of Mount Hermon Paterson, N. J. School, Massachusetts. Dr. Koo is VOL. LVIII SEPT.,1935 No.9 one of the mQst brilliant, eloquent and *** Publication and Business Office– convincing speakers who have visited Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. "The July issue has just come and America. He is especially effective is more fascinating than ever." with young people and miscellaneous Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. REV. MARTIN P. SIMON. audiences. Entered as second-class matter at Eugene, Oregon. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under *** Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. K. S. Oh, a Korean Christian The article on "The Spiritual Con- physician, has been elected President 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. dition of the Heathen," by Dr. Frost, of Severence Union Medical College in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. in the July REVIEW, is the strongest Seoul, KQrea, as successor to Dr. O. Published monthly, except August. argument I have seen for the imme- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. diate evangelization of the non-Chris- R. Avison, retired. Dr. Oh is a rep- British agents – Marshall, Morgan tian wQrld. It shows what God resentative of the Southern Presbyte- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, teaches in His Word and ought to be rian Church. He was born in Korea London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, widely read. on October 4, 1877, of Christian par- 10 shillings a year. ents, and after completing his course HORACE N. DOUGHERTY. at the Pai-Chai Middle School came MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- New York City. LISHING CO., INC. to America and studied at Center Col- BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items lege, Kentucky, and the University of ROBERT E. SPEER, President (Concluded from 2d Cover.) Louisville, after which he returned to WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer go to the Leper Settlement in Madras Korea. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary for a five years' period of 'intensive research into the treatment of leprosy ••ttAWonderful Help SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT on the most modern lines. He will MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD live among the 750 patients at the onThe Foreign Field"

WM. B. LIPPHARD Settlement. * * * The School That Comes to You… By Mail!

ERIC M. NORTH Misses Mildred Cable, Evangeline "Your school is a wonderful help here on JESSE R. WILSON and Francesca French, the three in- the foreIgn held and I am so happy to have trepid piQneer workers for the China my children so well educated," writes a A. L. WARNSHUIS Inland Mission, who were held pris- parent whose children are studying Calvert oners three years ago in the Gobi Courses in far off China. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Desert, returned to their work in northwest China last month. They For 28 years. Calvert School has had a part Editorial Chat are accompanied by "Topsy," their in educatmg the children of famIlies in sixteen-year-old deaf and dumb Chi- Missionary work . . . in giving them the Our June Special Home Mission nese adopted child. rich, cultural background of an Amencan Number has been enthusiastically re- private school. ceived. Now is the time to order *** copies for pastors and Mission Study No matter where your mission, Calvert Classes. This issue of the REVIEW, The Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D., LL.D. School will come to you with complete with its wealth of Home Mission in- (Dr. Cheng Ching-yi), has resigned courses of instruction for your children formation, will be a stimulus to many. as general secretary of the National from kindergarten to high school age. Special rates for quantities ordered at Christian Council of China. He has one time. been for 25 years a leader in China, All lessons, books, stationery and special remarkable for his winning personal- Calvert educational devices are supplied *** ity, broad statesmanship and marked from our rrominent and successful pnvate ability. He was chairman of the Chi- day schoo in Baltimore. As noted in our July issue, the Au- nese National Christian Conference in gust number Qf the REVIEW was omit- 1932 and has made several visits to These simple, understandable, moderately ted – to save expense and because Europe and America. He originated pnced Home Instruction Courses arc a many readers are away from home. the Five Year Program of Evangelism unique and satisfactory way of solving your To compensate for this the June, July, for China and has been moderator of b~l~~'s educational problem in the foreign September and October issues each the General Assembly of the Church contain sixteen pages extra. Do not of Christ in China since its organiza- Lessons MlY Be Storied It Any Time miss their wealth of material. tion. Dr. Cheng is now placing him- self at the disposal of the United Write today. Get full information about *** Church Qf Christ to work for the unity Calvert-"The School That Comes to and upbuilding of the Christian cause You." See what Calvert is doing for The REVIEW has been warmly rec- among his people. others . • • it will do the same for your ommended at many Qf the Summer Conferences and Schools of M.issions. *** – – – – – children. – – – – – – – – – – – If it is not on sale, or is not mentioned at any conference yQU attend, please Rev. James H. Nicol, of Syria, is CALVERT SCHOOL speak about it to leaders and write to temporarily filling the place of Dr. us that we may correct the oversight. Cleland B. McAfee, in the Presbyte- Mrs. G. S. Rhoads It is your magazine. rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. Director of Home Instruction McAfee being laid aside by illness. What you say*, a*nd w* hat others say, 189 W. Tusclny ROld *** helps the REVIEW and helps the Cause BALTIMORE, MARYLAND of Christ. Already we have been Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, the foremost asked to reprint three articles fro'm Christian leader of Japan, is expected Name recent numbers. Notice what some to arrive in America in December for Address readers say: a six months' lecture tour. One of his principal addresses will be at the Stu- Child'. Age_ _ "The June (Home Mission Number) dent Volunteer Convention in Indianis especially strong and valuable. I apolis, December 28th. Dr. Kagawa's wish that all our Home Mission boards speaking engagements are being made would order a large number of copies by Miss Helen Topping, 2969 Vernon to distribute throughout the Church." Ave., Chicago, Ill.

JOHN McDOWELL, Secretary of *** Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Dr. T. Z. Koo, the well-known Chi- nese Christian speaker, is now in *** [385 ] "I rejoice in the continued high character and helpfulness of the articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

DAY FOR HEALTHFUL SPORT AT ALBORZ COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF ALBORZ COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL IN ASSEMBLY Note that Persian Students Wear Their Caps in Chapel TRAINING PERSIAN YOUTH IN BODY, MIND AND SPIRIT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRES!'l NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times NEED FOR REVIVAL IN EUROPE (5) Modern rationalism and humanism also deify humanity and humanize God. This tend- All Europe is like a volcano, a powder box or a ency leads to the exaltation of reason, science and cauldron "where the devil's broth is brewing." the material universe, and to the degradation of Miss Ruth Paxson, a well-known Bible teacher humanity by the worship of the creature rather and Christian ambassador, who has been spend- than the Creator. ing some months on the Continent, calls attention to the following outstanding antireligious factors (6) These influences lead to paganism with its that are working against Christ today: attendant nudism, loose sex relations and the exal- tation of pagan superstition and ancient deities- (1) There is the communism that deifies ma- as in Germany. terialism and seeks to destroy belief in God. Soviet leaders will fail to realize their aim to It is estimated that 375,000,000 people in "uproot religion," but a spiritual awakening is Europe need to be evangelized. Many know the needed to counteract that influence. name of Christ but show little or no evidence that they really know Christ as Saviour and Lord, or (2) Atheism has organized "The Alliance of that they have ever experienced spiritual life, or Militant Godless" which ten years ago reported know the transforming power of the Gospel. Mil- 120,000 members, five years later claimed 2,000,- lions of people in Europe today need to be evan- 000 and in another five years (1940) expects to gelized as truly as do the millions of Africa and enroll 20,000,000. Godless Russian groups are Asia. Dr. Karl Barth says that if Evangelical promoting atheism in thirty-nine other countries; Christianity is not to be utterly destroyed in thirty-five antireligious universities have been Europe, then the truths of the Protestant reforstarted and there are travelng antireligious mu- mation must be reemphasized. If the Christian seums and atheistic papers published in forty- Church is to survive in Europe then Christ must eight languages. be reborn in European hearts by the power of the Spirit of God. (3) Nationalism is another movement that is sweeping over Europe and is seeking to put the State above God. Hitler and Mussolini attempt RELIGION AND MISSIONS IN GERMANY to make themselves and their laws supreme. Mrs. Wasserzug, a German Christian, says: "The The situation in Germany does not seem to imleader principle means that the will of man is to prove. Not only is anti-Jewish persecution as rule absolutely in all spheres of life, so that the strong as ever but the Nazi's are campaigning Church becomes a servant of the State. It is anti- against Roman Catholics and all Protestants who Christ wanting to save man according to a human will not yield to the dictatorship of the secular plan. Christ is no more to be Head of the Church." State. The German evangelical Christians stand All this is leading to man-worship and idolatry. firm though threatened with the loss of property and the management of their own ecclesiastical (4) Fanaticism, in the form of superstition, affairs. These injustices and high-handed measignorance and bigotry, is another evil influence. ures on the part of the Hitler representatives are It may be in the form of mariolotry, Bibliolotry, causing Germany to lose friends in all civilized ecclesiasticism or any other formal religious be- countries, have brought about a threatened boylief that exalts something else in the place of cott of the Olympic games in Berlin next year, Christ.

[387 ]

and may bring retaliatory measures in other di- t1;ley must combine their spiritual forces with the rections. Some German leaders are still seeking "confessional churches." They have gone through to promote a return to the worship of all pagan one perplexity after another. After the World Teutonic Gods. Confessional pastors are also be- War there was the task to recover the lost mission ing persecuted. fields-a task in which they have not been com- German evangelical missions are still suffering pletely successful. * from financial depression, the attem!pted regulation of churches in Germany, and the Nazi finan- Then suddenly the disastrous inflation threatcial restrictions. Dr. Julius Richter, of Berlin, ened to put an end to all German mission work. writes as follows concerning the present situation This danger had hardly passed when the turmoil of church and missions in the Germany today: of the political and of the ecclesiastical develop- ments threw the missions again into great and The Protestant churches, as a whole, have not seemingly unsuperable difficulties. At present the been divided by denominational lines but by the missions face the perplexity of foreign exchange historic territorial divisions – the P r u s s ian and the government prohibition against exporting Church, the Bavarian Church, etc.-twenty-eight money from Germany. British and American of them. When the German Reich was forged churches, in spite of their own perplexing financial together it seemed desirable to the Government situation, have to some extent come to the help of to amalgamate those 28 territorial churches into German missionaries. God alone can preserve the one united "Reichskirche" since there was no de- work and keep alive German Protestant Chriscisive obstacle of creed or order. But this attempt tianity. has met with strong opposition. THE JEWISH QUESTION IN AMERICAt All the world over it has been a common experience that a vivid materialistic upheaval A very remarkable conference of well-known usually goes hand in hand with a religious revival. church leaders of many denominations was held This seemed within reach if all 65 millions of in Princeton in June to consider the attitude of Germans could be brought under the all-embrac- Christians and churches toward the Jewish people. ing enthusiasm of the national socialistic revolu- The Conference accepted the principle that a tion so that a strong religious rejuvenation might Christian approach to the Jews is an integral part follow the political and national reconstruction. of the Church's responsibility. Christian work The development has gone rather in an opposite among Jews has too long been regarded as the direction. Cinderella in the Church's missionary enterprises, lightly esteemed, scantily supported, and pushed In Germany, as in many other countries, there aside for what have been considered more imhave been many pseudo-religious movements such portant enterprises. The time has come to recogas spiritism, theosophy, anthroposophy, and Chris- nize the regal character of a ministry to the race tian Science. These substitutes for Christianity of Jesus, and to claim for it its rightful place in have made a move in line with the national revo- the life of the Christian Church. lution, have taken up the watchwords of race and blood and "Bode" and have started a dozen or a The right of the Church of Christ to include the score of old German or neo-pagan associations or Jewish people in its ministry should never be quesspiritual currents which curiously find favor in tioned. As Dr. Louis H. Evans, of Pittsburgh, extreme nationalistic circles. The pious Christian put it: "Christianity dm never fulfill its task if circles have felt all the more the obligation to it loses its sense of imperial universality, born of stand firm on the foundation of the Biblical reve- the fact that Christ is the need of every race. The lation and of the German reformation. At present power of evangelization is largely lost when we the "Reichskirche" is dead, yet there is a very approach our task with any sense of apology, or serious conflict between the divers currents of of embarrassment, as though what we had to neo-paganism and of the "confessional churches." offer did not justify the attention and loyalty of every human heart. Christ is the universal need. The Protestant missionary societies are not di- He is no more sectarian than sunshine or rain." rectly implicated in this ecclesiastical turmoil, but There should be no illusions as to the greatness • The Swiss Basel Mission has not recovered its flourishing work of the task of winning Jews to the discipleship of in the French part of the Cameroon mandate, the Bethel Mission Christ or of the difficulties that must be faced, but has not been given back its promising work in Belgian Ruanda, the we cannot avoid the duty because of its extent or Hermansburg Mission has lost its Telugu field. of the difficulties involved. There must be an earnest spirit of endeavor to accept the challenge The Rhenish Mission has transferred Its mission in Borneo to the and to gird ourselves anew for the task. Basel Mission Society; has transferred its mission in Southwest Africa and Amboland to the Finnish Mission Society; has trans- t Notes of a conference held at Princeton in June. ferred its mission in New Guinea to the United Lutheran Church of America.

The Berlin Mission has transferred its Kioutschou Mission to the American Lutherans.

The Breklum Mission has transferred its mission In Tanganyika Territory to the Newkirchen Mission.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is, of course, great room for diversity with the Church if it does not recognize its opof opinion as to methods to be used in work for portunity. the Jews. But differences of view can be discussed with a real desire to understand and ap- "Unless the Church is made to feel its responsipreciate others' points of view. In Princeton bility for the Jews," said Dr. Wm. R. King, "there there was complete unanimity on one issue-the is no hope of an advance in our approach to them. Christian attitude toward antisemitism. The It must be confessed that the Church has not al- Church can never compromise with an attitude so ways gone about this work in the best ways. We foreign to the teaching and spirit of Christ. A must bring to the work sane and practical methmissionary, a pastor, a layman and a public school- ods, tried and tested techniques, and above all a teacher, each discussed most helpfully "The Im- genuinely Christian spirit of approach that is full portance of a Christian Ministry to the Jews." of promise for its future success." There was no disposition to minimize the value of the mission in a Jewish ghetto as a means of evan- WHITHER MEXICO? gelization but there was a keen recognition of the fact that the time has come when the Church it- Not many weeks ago, General Elias Calles, for self must undertake the task directly and by means a number of years the supreme stage director of of every agency at its command. With Jews liv- the Mexican drama, suddenly took a plane in the ing in 12,000 different places in the United States Federal Capital and flew northward to his native and Canada, and with at least 50,000 churches state of Sonora. This sudden and dramatic flight having Jews living in their parishes, besides hav- of "Mexico's strong man" marks the end of one ing many neighborhood houses, colleges, and other chapter and the beginning of another in the revoinstitutions in continual contact with Jews, it is lutionary history of the country. How are we to high time that the Church utilized its resources estimate the significance of this change in the in some adequate way to break down the barriers center of power in Mexican affairs? In the inbetween Jews and Christians and open a way for tervening weeks since the flight took place, a numthe Gospel. ber of happenings have occurred, sufficient to lift the veil from the Mexican enigma, and set in high The open forum, literature, the neighborhood relief the part played by Calles in the antireligious house, the local church and the Christian college, campaign of recent years, and the trend of the may be very effective means of approach. new government on the religious issue.

The high value of an educational program is The state of Tabasco, a quite unimportant reacknowledged, not only through the pulpit and gion on the geographical periphery of Mexico, will promotional literature, but through church study go down in history as the chief experiment station groups, and church literature. Dr. Park Hays where General Calles and his satraps permitted Miller, of the Board of Christian Education of antireligious policies to be worked out, expecting the Presbyterian Church, said: "In our interpre- to apply them at an opportune moment to other tation of the Bible we can and should endeavor to states. In April, 1928, General Obreg6n called be fair and to avoid creating prejudices. As an Tabasco the bulwark of the revolution. The Goveditor supervising Sunday school lesson materials, ernor, Garrido Canabal, had been assidiously clos- I have felt called upon to revise some manuscripts ing churches and expelling all clergy from the at this point when they unnecessarily stirred anti- territory. This identification of Obreg6n (an ex- Jewish feeling. This can be avoided without president of the Republic, and then candidate for weakening our Christian testimony. There is a second term), with the radical policies of the little use in avoiding opposition at the price of Governor of Tabasco, was an ominous sign of surrendering what we believe to be essential what might be expected when the new president truth." took office. Less than three months later the presi- dent-elect was assassinated by a young Catholic Contrary to the general impression, Christian fanatic. work for the Jews has not been attended with meagre results. Fruitful fields await only wise In March of 1934, another presidential candiand consecrated reapers. So many have been the date visited the state of Tabasco, General Lazaro converts in connection with Peniel Community Cardenas, his visit coinciding with that of the ex- Center, Chicago, that the Director is planning for president and then virtual dictator, General Elias the establishment of a Hebrew Christian Church Calles. The two men publicly eulogized the in October. Pastors bear testimony to the re- achievements of the Tabascan Governor, and held sponsiveness of Jewish neighbors to a friendly up Tabasco as the model state of the republic. Christian approach. The Spirit of God is mani- Less than two months later the exercise of the festly moving upon Jewish minds and hearts Christian ministry became illegal in Sonora, throughout the Jewish world and it will fare ill Calles' native state, where his son was Governor.

From then onward, until Calles took farewell of tion. The main radical policies of the governthe Mexican capital, one radical act followed an- ment will probably continue, but positive religious other with startling rapidity in different states of persecution will increasingly diminish. One of the Republic, and in the Federal Legislature. The the first acts of the president, after power was amendment to the Constitution (in October, 1934) fully vested in his own hands, was to rescind his made it a primary function of education to com- former edict which had banned religious literature bat all religious prejudice and fanaticism. Some states interpreted this as a charter to eliminate and correspondence from the mails. The presence religious ideas from the minds of children. All Roman Catholic Churches were closed in the State in the new Cabinet of General Cedillo, former govof Queretaro and Colima, while all religious services were suspended in the State of Chihuahua. ernor of San Luis Potosi, is evidence that a rad- ical policy will be followed along agrarian lines, The new president took office on December 1, but a liberal policy in everything relating to reliand on February 12, as a result of an alleged conspiracy against the state, the use of the mails was gious belief and worship. General Cedillo has condenied for religious literature and for correspondence which might involve propagation for any re- sistently refused to allow the Federal laws bearligious teachings. The notorious governor of ing on religion to be applied in his state. The new Tabasco had also come into federal politics, as chairman of the National Revolutionary Party Minister of Agriculture in the new Cabinet. He (ex-president Portes Gil) is one of the most libwas accompanied by a small army of "reds" whose eral elements in Mexico. He sympathizes deeply function it was to bait Catholics in the Federal with the Evangelical position and was at one time District. Some bloody conflicts took place and an official in Tamaulipas when Doctor Andres increasing restrictions upon religion in a number Osuna, a distinguished evangelical, was governor of states created a situation of growing intensity of that state. both in Mexico and in the United States. Nobody knew who was really responsible for this ultra- Meanwhile the strain and stress has tended to radical trend. Was Garrido Canabal the protege weld Mexican evangelicals more closely together. of Cardenas or of Calles? Was the antireligious In some states they have suffered religious recampaign, which continued in full force during strictions equally with Roman Catholics, but they the new president's first months in office, a delib- have great hopes for the future. For some time, erate policy of General Cardenas, or was it im- a prayer meeting, held each morning in the Fedposed upon him? The answer to that question has eral Capital at 6: 30, has been largely attended by been supplied by events in Mexico since Cardenas evangelical workers. Although the foreign misshook himself free of the tutelage of Calles and sionary aspect of the work, as carried on by evandefied his erstwhile chief. gelical churches in this country, has been greatly It is now clear that the major interest of Presi- curtailed, the Gospel has sufficiently taken root in dent Cardenas is not the suspension of religious Mexico to guarantee under God its continuance liberty, but the prevention of capitalistic exploitation. He thus appears as the new champion of and indigenous propagation. The next phase the Mexican workmen and agrarians, while his administration is denounced by Calles as radical should be the establishment of closer relations and anarchistic. Calles himself began as a poor schoolmaster in the early days of the revolution between evangelical communions in the United and is now a feudal baron with millions of capital. States and autonomous evangelical communions Among his immediate followers have been a con- in Mexico, so that together, in full Christian libsiderable group of socialist millionaires. The revolution undoubtedly gave back many wide acres erty, they may think and pray and work together to the people, but it also bas thrown up a new landed plutocracy. for the promotion of Christ's kingdom on both Nobody can confidently forecast what may take sides of the Rio Grande. JOHN A. MACKAY. place in Mexico, but if the Cardenas government succeeds in consolidating itself for a period of THE CRISIS IN ETHIOPIA years, certain actions of the president and the composition of the new Cabinet, warrant us to Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia) is attempt a prediction. Mexico at present is not threatened with invasion by Italy, possibly with taking a swing to the right or to the left, but is a view to making it a part of the Italian empire, returning to the central position of the Revolu- at least with the hope of making it a protectorate. This mountainous country comprises 190,000 square miles-about one-fourth less than the area of Texas, nearly the size of Spain. Tradition says that the rulers are descended from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and the Emperor is called "The Lion of the Tribe of Judah." The country has maintained its independence for over 3,000 years. The Abyssinian religion is traditionally Christian, having been introduced by the officer of Ethiopia in the first century A. D., as a result

of the preaching of Philip the evangelist on the from God, went through this province and made a great road from Jerusalem to Gaza. The people of the impression on these people. Almost to the last man they country are hardy, poor in this world's goods, and are devoted followers of the teachings of Asa. Among generally uneducated. The nearest neighbors to many other things, he told them that soon the white man Ethiopia are the British in the Egyptian Sudan would bring them God's Word, and to wait for it and beand British Somaliland, the French in French lieve it. And ~ it is not surprising that there are 150 to Somaliland and the Italians in Eritrea and Italian 200 people coming out on Sundays to hear God's Word. Somaliland. They will listen to a two-hour message, and then sit until three or four o'clock asking questions. Theirs is not merely Premier Mussolini, like a modern Cresar, hav- an idle curiosity, but a genuine intelligent interest. The ing set out to form a strong Fascist government, old men in the surrounding country come out, and many with a militarized people, apparently desires to have shown an amazing grasp of the atoning work of our enlarge Italian territory and is looking for some Lord. Until the old men have decided on the "merits" of way to use the growing Italian army and navy. this "new matter," the women and children must not Slight disturbances on the Italian Somaliland- listen, even for a moment. Abyssinian border have given an excuse for demands on Ethiopia and a threatened invasion. The friends of the Sudan Interior Mission re- Naturally not only is Ethiopia greatly disturbed cently sent a cablegram to the Ethiopian Minister but France and Great Britain also, especially as of Foreign Affairs expressing sympathy and say- Ethiopia is one of the chief sources of the Nile, ing that they were joining in prayer for Ethiopia. which is the life of Egypt. The arousing of A reply came from His Majesty, Emperor Haile Africans and other colored races, by a new evi- Selassie, expressing the gratitude of the nation dence of "white imperialism," also threatens to "which has lived through many centuries, guardstart a race war and possibly another world war. ing her independence. In the Name of our Lord Any Italian-Ethiopian conflict will be a blot on Jesus Christ, I beg you to continue praying for civilization and will set back the cause of peace her." and world brotherhood at least a generation. This is a matter of world-wide concern. For more than a decade the door into Ethiopia has been wide open to Christian missions. The Haile Selassie I has appealed to the League of Sudan Interior Mission alone, in the past eight Nations to prevent armed conflict. The Emperor, years, has sent in eighty-seven missionaries. upon whom falls the burden of governing and When the American Government requested that modernizing a medireval empire, is ruler of a war- American missionaries withdraw, the mission has like people, and he promises to lead his armies replied that mothers with children, and others with the "Ark of the Covenant" borne by the Ethi- electing to go, would be sent home but most of opian pope at his side, just as the ancient Kings them will remain at their posts. of Judea once went out to wage battle. Emperor Haile Selassie asks the world to note that Ethiopia Recently an American committee of the "Friends is progressing in civilization, is promoting educa- of Ethiopia" has been formed, with Dr. Thomas tion, that many slaves are freed each year and that Jesse Jones as chairman and Emory Ross as secspecial schools are opened for their instruction. retary. This is a national committee, representing many interests and religious creeds. The object Evangelical missionary work is carried on in will be to arouse Americans, British and others Ethiopia and is encouraged by the government. to the need for definite action to prevent a conflict. The British and Foreign Bible Society has col- An appeal is being made to various governments porteurs there, the Swedish mission has long been and to the League of Nations. established, the United Presbyterians (U. S. A.) have an excellent medical work and the Sudan WHISPERING CAMPAIGNS Interior Mission (international and interdenominational) is opening many stations as centers of An astonishing admission has come from a witpioneer evangelistic work. ness before the Senate investigating committee to the effect that he had recommended a "whispering If Italian domination should prevail in Ethiopia, campaign" as a means of combatting certain legisit seems probable that limitations would be put lation to which he and his friends were opposed. on evangelical mission work, as has been the case What this campaign was or why it was recomin other Italian territory in Africa. A glimpse of mended or inaugurated does not concern us here the type of work conducted by the Sudan Interior so much as the fact that the statements made in Mission is given in a recent interesting letter from the campaign were without foundation in fact, Mr. Harold Ste~t who has recently settled in a were intended to destroy public confidence in a new station at Shama, eighteen days' journey national leader and were given pUblicity for the southwest of Addis Ababa, the capital. purpose of winning support for the campaigners' cause. That such unscrupulous campaigns are About ten years ago a native religious teacher and possible is another sign of human degeneracy. prophet, named Asa, who claimed to have a revelation "Whispering campaigns" to discredit opponents are doubtless as old as history. They have been

used against Roosevelt, Hoover, Wilson and other WHAT AN AFRIOAN WOMAN THINKS presidents. They were used against St. Paul when OF A MISSIONARY* men said he was "mad" ; they were started against Jesus when His enemies said He had a demon and Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty-four years an blasphemed God. They are used today against American Baptist missionary in the Belgian Christian ministers when, without proof, they are Congo, died on November seventeenth, following charged with being disloyal to Christ or unfaithful a two weeks' illness. Dr. Catherine Mabie, of the in their sacred office. "Whispering campaigns" same Mission, writes: "To know Mrs. Moody was are not only carried on against missions by un- to love her and she leaves a large group of col- leagues and friends; in hundreds of Congo vilsbeellfiiesvhearsndwhuonpcrloaidmuctthivaet,thbeutweovreknisCuhnriwstairarnasnwteild~ lages there is sorrow because the lightly tripping feet of 'Mama Moody' will never again be comfully arouse suspicion as to the orthodoxy, loyalty ing down the long trails over which they have or effectiveness of missionaries in general because so often passed during recent years. Both Mr. they think that some have proved unworthy of and Mrs. Moody have been intrepid itinerant their high calling. These "whispering campaigns" evangelistic missionaries. Three to four months are started through rumors which discredit indi- of each year they have spent out among the vilviduals, boards or causes with which the cam- lages, ministering to the deep need of the Chrispaigners are out of sympathy. The rumors may tian communities as well as winning many conhave some foundation but are insufficient to war- verts to Jesus Christ." rant the campaign. The worst of it is that the campaign is spread by thousands who pass on the One of the Congo Christian women, Elizabeth rumors but know little or nothing of the facts. Mangunga, came under the influence of Mrs. Moody and reflects something of Mrs. Moody's Such a "whispering campaign" was recently saintliness and serenity. She gives her testistarted by an anonymous editorial in a Christian mony (here translated) to what a missionary periodical. The editor thought he had reason to may be: spread charges as to certain missionaries' unorthodoxy and lack of evangelistic zeal. Readers Mama M'oody called home by God our Father in the accepted the report as true and it spread by word of mouth to the great detriment of the mission- Congo. She has gone to the Saviour, Jesus Christ, whom aries, the mission Board, and the cause of Christ. Subsequent investigation showed that the "cam- she loved so much. paign" was without any adequate basis, and the man who wrote the letter acknowledged that he Tata and Mama Moody, our helpers, came to this councould not substantiate his charges. Unfortunately much damage had been done, for falsehood is try to tell the Good News of God to us, but our fathers much more fleet of foot than truth that seeks to overtake it. in the early days opposed them and they endured many Followers of Christ should be energetically op- hardships. They were truly workers who sacrificed their posed to all "wliispering campaigns." Jesus himself did not approve of them when His disciples own desires to work for God our Father; they persevered were inclined to discredit those who did not agree with them in all particulars. The Christian will in showing the friendships of Jesus Christ, and our fathers make no compromise with sin or with falsehood but neither should he spread suspicion and doubt. came to know that they were people of love and finally It is best to deal with facts, tested facts, proved facts-the truth spoken in love-and trust God received Jesus Christ. to judge motives, loyalties, and results. After many years of close contact with missions we are Mama and Tata Moody loved us very much. They were convinced that, as a rule, no body of people in the world is so unselfish, so loyal to Christ and the zealous to tell the Good News of Jesus everywhere. They Word of God, so full of spiritual power and so effective in service as are the missionaries of never tired; they went to Lukunga, Bolenge, Mwanza, to ~hrist. It be~ooves us to uphold them in prayer, m understandmg sympathy and by sacrificial gifts the Bayaka and Bambala country, to Sona Bata, telling so that we m,ay be in partnership with God wherever He is manifestly working to transform lives the Good News. They continued zealously to tell the and to enlist men in His service. Let us beware of "whispering campaigns," but be diligent in story until Mama Moody finished her work here on earth spreading the Good News. and,went to her Saviour and to her God, whom she loved always.

In 1927 Mama Moody excelled in itinerating. I went with them to the Bayaka country. They had a very diffi- cult trip. When the carriers could find no food, they re- fused to carry tIle "Kipois," Mama was not discouraged, we walked along the road together.

She told me how much trouble and sorrow she had ex- perienced. She told me of the time her child died at Lukunga. She was all alone at the time, for Tata was at Leopoldville on a trip to the district there. "Y eCs~"ngMo abmuat Moody said, "we have had hardships here in never mind, all is well."

That night Tata read and talked about Philippians 3: 7-12. His teachings strengthened us at Zikomba and all through our trip, which was long and tedious. '

Mama never tired of working for Jesus and with a great love she loved us. The Sunday before she was taken ill she went out to a village Kinzila, to hold services. Now she is resting in heaven-Mama has finished washing her heart in the blood of Jesus Christ.

ELIZABETH MANGUNGA.

• Congo MisSion News.

HALL, ALBORZ COLLEGE, TEHERAN

The Only Christian College in Iran By SAMUEL M. JORDAN, D.D., LL.D.* President, Alborz College of Teheran MANY were surprised when the Persian gov- most outstanding feature of the landscape. This ernment informed other nations that from new name preserves the College monogram- March 22, 1935, the spring equinox on ACT, which has become the College slogan. Stuwhich the Persian New Year begins, that country dents and alumni say, "We Iranians have always is to be addressed by her proper Persian name, been famed for poetry and philosophy rather than Iran (pronounced "ee-rahn") , by which, from for practical action, but the students of our Colprehistoric times, she has been known to the in- lege act. We do things." They have acquired habitants and to her Asiatic neighbors. Iran is this reputation throughout the empire and are the land of the Aryan, in contrast to Turan the justly proud of it. land of the Turk. In the autumn of 1872 the American Mission Ninety-nine per cent of the people of the coun- was established in Teheran, the capital of Iran, try, if they heard the name Persia, would not by the Presbyterian Church, and the following recognize it. Cyrus and Darius were natives of March a school for boys was opened. This school the province of Pars (Fars today), from which, was at first of primary grade, but the standard through Greek and Latin, our English term "Per- was gradually raised as the demand for modern sia" has been derived. education increased. In 1901 it became a high school, in 1913 a junior college, and in 1925 a The growing nationalism of Iran is fUrther standard college. In 1928 the first B.A. degrees evinced by the fact that the government has re- were given under a temporary charter granted by quested foreign institutions to discontinue the use the Regents of the University of the State of New of foreign names. For this reason the name York. This charter was made permanent in 1932, American College of Teheran has been changed putting the American College of Teheran on a to Alborz College of Teheran. This is eminently level with first-class American colleges. appropriate as the snow covered Alborz range, rising like a mighty wall behind the college, is the For many years this Christian school occupied centrally located but limited quarters within the • President Jordan recently received the honorary degree of Doc- city. In preparation for the college-to-be a new tor of Laws from Washingtqn and Jefferson College. In the citation, Dr. Ralph C. Hutchison, the President. said: ··Great and beloved site, now comprising forty-four acres, was purteacher of the youth of Iran, tutor of princes, preceptor to sons of the desert, indomitable pioneer, ingenious moulder of bricks with- chased in 1913. At that time it was waste land oofutthsetratwho,ucgrhetataonrdoifdiaomsigonfifaicabnrot tahnedr psetroaptleeg, icspcioriltluegael , fraathreerscohf otlhaer of noml'nal va.lue,· but today ·l·.·t l'S ··perhaps the most c~~isl;,an, and powerful, happy, and veteran missionary of the valuable property in the.city. Located just north [393 ]

of the recently demolished city walls, overlooking picked up a flashlight and stepped out to show the entire city, it commands a superb view of him the way. It was this same young prince with mountain and plain. a large pail in his hand. I said, "Hello, are you on the water patrol this week?" He replied, "No, On this campus college buildings have gradually I am not, but a few minutes ago I went to the tank arisen until at present the plant comprises Rolle- to get a drink and found it empty. I brought a stone Hall, the main building with offices, library, pail instead of a cup so that if any of my friends auditorium, and classrooms for 600 to 700 stu- should want a drink the water would be there. It dents; a fully equipped, up-to-date Science Build- seemed to me a brotherly thing to do." I think ing; two dormitories with a combined capacity of we all will agree that it was a brotherly thing to 150 students; an infirmary; and three residences do, but a few years earlier no high-class Persian for professors. Three football fields, three basket- would have dreamed of "demeaning" himself by ball, four volley ball, and eight tennis courts, base- doing such a thing. ball diamond, and running track, provide for the physical education of the students. These col- Before the World War in the numerous schools lege buildings combine American ideas of educa- and colleges scattered throughout the Turkish tional efficiency with Persian architectural grace Empire, because of the bigotry of the Turk, the and beauty. They are considered the best modern enrolment was largely made up of the minority examples of the celebrated Persian-Saracenic peoples – Armenians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Ser- bians, Syrians, Jews; every race rather than the architecture. Turk, the ruling people. Naturally the students imbibed liberal ideas and became agitators for Prejudices Removed reform. Hence these colleges were looked upon with suspicion and distrust as fomenters of re- In Iran the different races-Moslems, Zoroas- bellion against the rule of Turk. trians, Armenians, Assyrians, Jews – have had separate schools. The result has been suspicion, One of the remarkable things about this College distrust, intolerance, and enmity. We have al- in the capital of Iran is the class of students enways enrolled students of all races, religions, and rolled. While many deserving poor boys have ranks of society without discrimination. They been accepted and trained-and a number of these have shared the same seats, sat beside each other today are found among the prominent leaders of in classrooms, rubbed shoulders on football fields the country-since the beginning of the century and basketball courts, and the result has been that a very large percentage, especially in the boarding all have learned to be friends, and to cooperate department, have been sons of prominent families; enthusiastically in service to their country. sons of royal princes, cousins of former Shahs, the only grandson of His Majesty, Reza Shah In 1928 three sons of one of the greatest princes Pahlavi, sons and grandsons of Prime Ministers in Iran were graduated from our Junior College. and other Cabinet Ministers, of Members of Maj- When one of them was about fifteen years old he less (Congress), of the great tribal chieftains, and was playing in a football match one afternoon. He of other influential men from every corner of the and another boy collided and they proceeded to Empire-boys who whether educated or not would scrap with all the vim and enthusiasm that Ameri- be in future years among the rulers of the land. can boys .would show under like circumstances. A The Persians suspect the citizens of all other nacousin on the side lines turned to the servant of tions of selfish motives. They do not suspect the princes, who had come with their carriage to Americans. All classes have confidence in our take them home, and exclaimed, "What a good- good intentions and our ability to give their sons for-nothing servant you are! You saw the son of the education they need to equip them forthe new His Imperial Highness struck by the son of no- duties of the new democratic age. Referring to body and you did not avenge the insult!" The Alborz College, the Persians say: "The Americans young prince overheard the remark. He stalked have a factory in Teheran where they manufacover to his servant and laid down the law thus, ture men." Because of the efficiency and trust- "When one of my friends and I have a difference worthiness of the men turned out, the College has of opinion on the football field, you understand it won its high reputation. Probably no other school is a friendly fight. If you ever dare to interfere in the world has ever enrolled so many of the sons and strike one of my friends, I will report it to of the leading men of any country as for the past His Imperial Highness, my father, and you will thirty years have been studying in this College get bastinadoed." He then turned back and re- in the capital of Iran. The result has been that sumed the game. many of the men educated in this College are prominent among the progressive patriots who Some five years later we were camping in the have cooperated to transform the medireval des- Alborz Mountains with the Boy Scouts. Late one night I heard someone going to the spring from which we got the drinking water.. Knowing that the lantern had been taken in for the night I

THE ONLY CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN IRAN

potism of thirty years ago into the modern, pro- new campus. We need a football field. See this gressive democracy of today. stack of shovels. Here's the way to make a foot- ball field!" Suiting the action to the word, I threw Self-Support, Self-Respect, and Service a shovel across my shoulder and started off. The young American housemaster did the same. The Making people pay a fair price for what they boys without hesitation followed. We marched get is one of the best ways to teach self-respect out through one of the principal avenues, past the and self-reliance. Tuition fees are much higher home of the Prime Minister, and each boy was than other schools and the boarding department having the time of his life, for he was outraging has been more than self-supporting. We have the proprieties and conventions of a thousand years and he was enjoying it just as an American boy would. We put in three or four hours of good stiff work and at the end I said, "I hope you re- alize the significance of what we have done. It will go down in the history of the College that the first work on the campus was done not by down- trodden peasants receiving twenty cents a day,"- the usual daily wage-"but by the self-respecting, patriotic students who wished to testify by action as well as by word that a new day has come in Persia and any kind of labor is honorable." The young men who took part in that first "labor demonstration" more than twenty years ago never fail to mention it with pride as they return to the college. Some facetiously maintain that the num- ber who participated has materially increased with the passing of years. Numerous such de- IN THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, IRAN COLLEGE charged nine sons of the wealthy and well-to-do DR. VESSASI, MEDICAL GRADUATE AT WORK enough to support ten. This has met with the full approval of the patrons. In this way we have partures from medieval prejudices have helped been able to educate a number of worthy poor to establish the dignity of labor. boys. Although the majority of the boarders are from wealthy families, the spirit of the institution The steadily increasing contribution of the is democratic. There is perfect equality. Each alumni to the development of the new national boy makes his own bed and takes his turn in wait- life of Iran becomes more impressive year by year. ing on the table. This is contrary to their old One alumnus-the only man who has been a memideas of rank and exclusiveness, but it has worked ber of every Majless (Congress) since the incepwonders in ushering in the new democratic age. tion of constitutional government in 1907 – con- In every department of the College we are teach- tinues to be (utstanding in the political and ecoing the dignity of labor. We are producing men who are both democratic and level-headed. We are training up a democracy that is safe for the world.

The dignity of labor has been instilled into the students by example as well as by precept. Shortly after the land for the present campus had been purchased, passing along the street T saw a mule loaded with the wooden snow shovels which are the ideal things for cleaning off our desert land. I bought the whole load and had them stacked up in front of our door. As it was Friday, the school holiday, I sent word to the housemaster of the dormitory to bring over his boys after luncheon. They all came anticipating something interesting. I said, "You know we have bought land for the

nomic life of the country; another for five years In 1914 when many were terrified by the imhas been the youngest member of Majless, though pending peril of a Jehad or Holy War, we posnot the least influential. The Minister of Educa- sessed our souls in peace, for we were sure that tion, his first assistant, the working head of the Persia would not go in, and, therefore, a Holy medical school, the legal advisor of the Ministry, War could not succeed. In her early years bolthe Governor and the Chief of Police of the shevism boasted and other nations feared that she wealthiest province, the Assistant Minister of the would make an easy conquest of Persia, and from Interior, the controller of the government opium there spread eastward into Afghanistan and Inmonopoly, the director of the mint, the financial dia, and westward into Turkey, Irak, and Arabia. controller of the new railroad, and the superin- Again we knew it would not happen, for we had tendent of the rolling stock, and hundreds of been selling the Persians a different brand of others as government officials and in every walk democracy, and the bolsheviks would find no purof life are rendering notably faithful and efficient chasers for their special brand. The political, service to the country, as physicians, lawyers, social, and international services rendered by this teachers, army officers, merchants, manufacturers, College are worth to the world many times all that bankers. It is a great joy to us to see how loyal has been spent in Persia in the last century-and our alumni are to the ideals of honesty, truthful- these are only by-products. ness, and hard work which were held up to them in student days. It is often said by those in high One of the reasons for the success of the school places that the greatest defect of the Iranians is is that we have always played fair. We accepted that they fail to cooperate. Frequently we hear the all races and creeds, and every social rank, and remark: "Noone in Iran knows how to cooperate naturally insisted that there should be liberty, except the young men who have been trained in fraternity, and equality. One of our first rules the American College." By means of football, was that no one, either student or teacher, should volley ball, basketball, and other group games, and make a slighting remark about the religion of the Boy Scouts, as w~ll as by classroom instruc- another. tion, our students have learned that cooperation is the only road to success, and so they are playing While there is religious liberty for all, the well the game of life. Christian character of the school has been positive and pervasive. A goodly number .of the students The College has always cooperated with the become Christians. As a rule this causes very government in every possible way. For many little comment o.r opposition. The Christian stuyears practically all the football games of the city dents have weekly Y. M. C. A. meetings; carryon were. played on our fields, our laboratories have personal work among their fellow students and been shared with the government medical school, evangelistic work for outsiders. The All-Persia members of our staff regularly assist in the an- Christian Student Conference initiated in 1928 nual government examinations, and in revising continues to conduct inspiring conferences each and drafting l1ew courses of study for the govern- spring. ment schools. ··.With the recent full recognition of our higher courses of study, the very favorable Inspiring the young men of Iran with the ideas attitude of those in authority, and the fact that and ideals, the principles and standards requisite one of our loy~l. alumni is Minister of Education for the regeneration of a nation; helping a nation prospects seem brighter than ever before. to move out of the middle ages into the twentieth century; training the men who are helping to .The best political news in the world today is mould the new life of Persia; counteracting that Iran, the 1,2000mile bridge between the Near numerous subversive influences; promoting inter- East and the Eftr East, is a nation of hearty good- national understanding and goodwill, and consewill. In the midst 'of ~ world gone mad with quently promoting world peace, this College is supernationalism Persia has kept her head better rendering a priceless service not only to Persia, than any of her neighbors. While maintaining her but also to the whole world. national integrity, and insisting that other nations shall treat her with due respect, she is not carry- If anyone of the 623 colleges and universities ing chips on her shoulders. She is eager to co- in America was forced to close its doors there would be 622 remaining, eager to welcome the operate with her sister nations for international students of the college that had closed. But Al- borz College- is the only Christian college in the fair play and international peace. This is largely Empire of Iran, the only Christian college in a stretch of 3,000 miles. This college needs help to due to the American Mission in general, and to continue its service. Do not let the fact that you the College in particular, which have convinced cannot contribute as much as you would like pre- vent your sending what you can. the Persians of the sincere disinterested friend- ship and goodwill· of America.

Favor for

The American Government and the American Indian By FLORA WARREN SEYMOUR, Chicago, Illinois U NDER the high-sounding slogans of "toler- dent that the opposition to many other features ation" and "religious liberty" missionaries would also prove a barrier to its passage. It was of all denominations working among the therefore withdrawn, and a substitute provided. American Indian are meeting with such obstruc- The religious feature was, among other things, tions to their work as have not been encountered eliminated. for more than a century past. Still Indian opposition to the bill has continued. The attitude of the present administration of At the last moment, when the session of Congress the Indian Bureau was made clear in the original text of the was almost at its final gasp, the passage of even this emasculat- Wheeler-Howard bill which ran Here is a striking and im- ed remnant became clearly im- its spectacular course during portant contribution. Mrs. possible. A hurriedly composed the spring of 1934. In this Seymour is an attorney at makeshift was then rushed proposed legislation it was ex- law, for twenty-five years has through Congress and sent to pressly declared to be "the pur- been a student of American the President for signature. It pose and policy of Congress to Indian life and history, and is became law on June 18, 1934.

promote the study of Indian the author of HThe Story of This last minute legislation con- CI.VI·1l·zat·IOn and preserve and tbhoeoksR. edSheMwaans,"a manedmboetrhoefr tained only a few of the pro- develop the special cultural the United States Board of visions of the original bill. It achievements of such civiliza- Indian Commissioners from was obviously a face-saver- tion including Indian arts, 1922 until it was abolished in something which should still crafts, skills and traditions." 1933. She has visited many bear the names of the original Such a purpose is far from of the Indian reservations and promoters and so relieve the ad- favoring "religious liberty" as schools and is thoroughly ministration of the onus of defined by the American Con- familiar with the situation complete failure. To those who stitution. Instead, there was in among the Indians and the had read neither bill nor the contemplation a deliberate pro- various efforts to improve substitute, the similarity in motion of "native religion" as their condition. What she name (Wheeler-Howard bill) opposed to the Christian faith wanrditeasctsheorfe thoef UtnhietedattSittautdees made it appear that success had learned by the Indian from Commissioner to encourage crowned the efforts of the pro- white missionaries. Here was the Indians to Hrevert to ponents of the original. That a direct challenge to those who type" should be read and impression was strongly fos- believe missionary endeavors carefully considered by all tered by a press release from to be justifiable and desirable. who are genuinely interested the Indian Bureau itself, pro- One denomination, and only in the welfare of the Red Man. claiming that the Commissioner one, realized this challenge of Indian Affairs was "the hap- fully and roused itself to meet piest man in Washington" on the danger. From one church and another in the day the bill was signed. If he read the final Michigan, from home mission clubs, from Sunday text which became law his happiness must have school groups, from young people's societies, pro- been sadly dimmed.

tests poured in to Congress asking that this sub- Succeeding events seem to indicate that the In- versive clause be removed from the bill. It was dian Bureau is still unaware that the deliberate made plain that there was strong opposition to fostering of native religions and primitive ritual- the deliberate official teaching of Indian traditions ism is not a part of the law of the land. For the and superstitions. official encouragement of shamanism, tribal cere- When the bill had'been three months before monials and the like, has gone on as strongly as Congress and before the Indians, it became evi- if there were legislation behind it. This attitude [397 ]

on the part of the Indian Bureau in Washington dermine the practice. The attitude of the Indian is a hindrance and a menace to the work of teach- Office was made clear before the Wheeler-Howard ers, extension agents, physicians and nurses, as bill was passed. On January 3, 1934, an order well as to the missionaries whose aim in life is signed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and to replace the old Indian magic and fakirism with countersigned by the Secretary of the Interior, the tenets and practices of the Christian religion. declared that "the fullest constitutional liberty in all matters affecting religion, conscience and cul- HOPI-INDIAN SNAKE DANC ER ture, is insisted upon for all Indians." A rattlesna k e is carried in the mouth of the priests in front while This sounds like a wide and generous gesture; the priest behind uses a whip of featbe rs. it is supplemented by something a bit more spe- cific: "In addition, an affirmative, appreciative at- From the nor.th woods a woman missionary titude toward Indian cultural values is desired in writes: the Indian Service."

The work here is getting very hard. Paganism is on the "Cultural" is an all-embracing word. In some increase. The children are being taught the pagan dances Indian tribes it includes polygamy; in others, and rituals. Our scout troop has been taken to a distant r,tual prostitution; in many, a pitiful terror of city to exhibit the Indian dances and the largest pagan evil spirits that supposedly keep baleful watch ritualistic service in our twentieth century was held two over every human activity. Fear of the dark, weeks ago. fear of a dead body, fear of touching even the hide of certain animals; fear of looking in the direc- When I came to this post in 1931 I went fearlessly all tion of one's mother-in-law; fear of dreams; fear over the reservation at any hour of the day or night. This of eat~ng fish-these are some of the many Indian is no longer possible. They feel that they are a law to taboos ' toward which employees of the Indian themselves and celebrate by getting and staying drunk. Service are bidden to take an "affirmative, ap- I am afraid to meet a drunken Indian after dark. Sober, preciative attitude." How much appreciation for they are both gentle and kind. . Indian customs can a teacher or matron manifest when a young girl begs to remain at school for the Under a previous administration provision was summer that she may avoid the submission of her made for the setting aside of one hour weekly, body to the elders and medicine men of the tribe? when pupils in the government schools might receive religious education, according to the de- The first Indian Bureau circular was followed a nominational preferences of themselves or their few days later by one which permitted "as a parents. Openly to abandon this would have been provilege" the use of a schoolroom for religious impolitic, but the same purpose could be served education by a missionary, "Including any repreby new regulations which would effectively un- sentative of a native Indian religion." It was stated that children were to receive instruction from missionaries only if their parents appeared before a superintendent and gave consent, or made request, in writing. To obtain such formal con- sent from illiterate parents, living at remote dis- tances from the reservation superintendent, would be difficult if not impossible. With the Indian Bureau employees formally warned to maintain an "appreciative attitude" toward native religions, the obtaining of parental consent would not be facilitated. As a result religious instruction lan- guished in many of the schools. The prohibition of "required attendance" was frequently if not always interpreted to mean that the religious hour was not regarded as an educational period at all and in some schools the new regulations brought about a discontinuance of all religious education.

On April 3.0 Secretary Ickes promulgated a cir- cular threatening with dismissal any employee of the Indian Bureau who should oppose the new policy, including "opportunity for them (the In- dians) to develop their own culture." That cir- cular still applies to any encouragement that gov- ernment employees might offer to missionary en-

FEDERAL FAVOR FOR FETISHISM

deavor. Some employees still attend churches, and rule is that the pupils should converse in their own contribute to their support, as has been their cus- tribal language, though that as a rule shuts them tom in the past. Others, not few in number, have off from communication with the teacher who is felt that their standing with the Washington of- supposed to be guiding them. How disastrously fice will be better if they withdraw from any con- this retards the school work is too obvious to need nection with religious activity. elucidation. It is a widening of the gap between the races. But the purpose of Indian schools is "My wife and I feel that we have a right to at- to narrow that gap. tend church when away from the reservation," The new day schools among the Navajos offer A TYPICAL INDIAN HOGAN (HUT) the solution for this problem. No books are pro- vided so the native mind is unsullied by their insaid a teacher of many years' service, "but here fluence. No blackboards on which a word might on the reservation it is best to refrain from par- be written, deface the unbroken whiteness of the ticipation in the work of the mission." schoolroom walls. There are no teachers to whom English is the native tongue. Instead, young While such participation has not been formally Navajo "assistants" conduct the affairs of the inprohibited, no doubt is left in the minds of Indian stitution-largely industrial-with the use of the Service employees as to the direction in which Navajo language. the wind is blowing. Even such apparently innocuous contact as might be involved in an em- One might assume that English would thus be ployee of the Indian Bureau explaining to a effectively barred. Strangely enough, in the very missionary gathering the purposes of the govern- few day schools that have so far been put into ment work on erosion control or agricultural ex- operation, the demand for English teaching has tension has been definitely discouraged. In other already come, in no mistakable terms, from pupils words, if a government employee values his job- and parents alike. The Navajo people themselves, and who doesn't, in these hard times ?-it is to though primitive, are intelligent and adaptable. his interest to remain silent and inactive in re- They realize fully the usefulness of the English gard to his own religious convictions. This in the language in their daily life. name of "toleration" for the native religion, we find to be a virtual denial of religious freedom to Nowhere, however, does the inconsistency of the government employee, whether white or In- the Indian Bureau reveal itself more clearly than dian. NAVAJO INDIAN GRADUATES OF A MISSION SCHOOL If this were all, it would be sufficient to show that the vaunt of "religious liberty" is a mere in the medical work among the Indians. "Native cloak for official opposition to Christian mission- religion," as all workers among primitive people ary effort. But the insistence upon the inculcation understand, usually includes medicine men, with of native culture goes much farther than this. their incantations, charms and ceremonies de- signed to relieve a patient from illness or disaster Heretofore the use of the English language has brought upon him by the ever-present evil spirits. been required in Indian boarding schools after the To foster the ancient traditions inescapably means pupils have become acquainted with the speech of to foster the traditional, primitive forms of treattheir teachers. A case can be made out for call- ment of disease and the ceremonials in case of ing this rule a hardship, but it is a hardship that death. is inseparable from effective education. None of us learn to speak a foreign language if we persist in using our own on any and all occasions. Yet such is the procedure now officially fostered. The

The Indian Bureau has accepted responsibility ual values to offer the Indian, then he should re- for such encouragement of shamanism. Faced frain from intruding upon him. In that case the with this question at an open meeting, the Com- sooner he withdraws his schools, hospitals and missioner of Indian Affairs told the inquiring churches, and leaves the native culture undis- physician that the "cultural unity" of the tribes turbed to work out its own way, the better it will must first of all be preserved. It is fully under- be for all concerned. But if he has a better way of stood, among employees of the medical service of living to present, either for this world or for the the Indian Bureau, that they are expected to co- next, then he should present it without apology, operate with the local medicine men – priests with the full consciousness that it is truly a better of the native religion. Too often such coopera- way and is entitled to supplant filth and ignorance tion means the removal of the patient from the and cruelty.

hospital at a critical period. He may then be the A Higher Way of Life subject of a bear dance or a four-day "sing" or some other typical tribal ceremony. Whether his Missionaries and those who support them are disease be tuberculosis or scarlet fever, a broken committed to the belief that there is a higher way leg or bronchitis, the ceremonies include the at- of life than that beset by shamanism and savage tendance at his bedside of as many interested fears. In that belief they should confidently put spectators as can be crowded into his smoke filled before the Indian what the white man can offer hogan or tepee or "wickiup." When the disease is in the way of relief from physical and spiritual contagious, the death of the patient may be only terrors. Missionaries giving their lives to such the beginning of the fatalities as a result of the work deserve the unqualified backing of the observance of native religious rites. boards and congregations farther removed from Handicaps of the Indians the actual problems. In the past two years that backing has not been so confident or so strong Fear and ignorance are too often accompanied as the faithful workers in the field deserve. In by cruelty. The spirit working these ills must eastern cities, far from actual conditions, men sometimes be exorcised by physical attacks upon and women listen to the specious cry of "religious the affected portion of the body. Beating upon a liberty." Some are deluded into thinking themtubercular spine, at the hands of the local medicine selves "broadminded" when they are merely negman, was the lot of one little girl. Another Indian ligent; tolerant when in fact they permit stumbpractitioner essayed to perform a major operation, ling blocks to be placed in the way of their chosen using for a knife a piece of a broken bottle. In representatives. both these cases death was a merciful end to hideous suffering. What does "cultural unity" "We white people have nothing to give you Inmean in the face of such preventable "tragedies? dians," the Navajos were informed at a council held last summer. Missionaries and employees An ancient tradition among the Navajos looks heard this from the lips of a man sworn to carry favorably upon the presence of vermin in the hair on the government's work among the Indian and upon the body. Many of the tribes have never tribes: "Our culture is a disintegrating thing. known what it is to be without body parasites. It Yours is an integrated culture. You must do your is difficult for those raised in our more modern best to preserve it." civilized ways to realize the religious and cultural significance of these small creatures. Even yet, Fine-sounding words: but what do they mean?

after two years of pronouncements on ancient In the final analysis, this-that both government rites and folkways, the average nurse or teacher and missionaries should cease their efforts to is apt to feel an aversion to them. After a pupil bring about any improvement in Indian life and or patient has been visited by members of his fam- thought. No longer should we impose upon the ily, there are often discovered tiny crawling in- Red Man our decadent notions of education and truders carefully placed by the visitors upon a sanitation and social values. We should retire and child's hair or clothing. Real toleration and a leave his integrated culture undisturbed.

properly "appreciative attitude" would· perhaps If the members of the Christian Church believe let such vermin remain; but this is broadminded- such a statement, all missionary activity should ness which few real friends of the Indians have as stop at once.- But if they hold the conviction that yet been able to attain. Christ has something of value to offer the Ameri- This conflict between modern cleanliness and can Indian, they should continue to make the offer; ancient "culture" is typical of the whole illogical, and should back up by word and deed and earnest unintelligent attitude which has prevailed in the devotion the work which is being done to bring Indian Office in the past two years. If the white the Indian into the fellowship of the faith and the man has nothing in education, sanitation or spirit- ways of Christian civilization.

Something New in

By CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul Missionary of the American Board ST. SOPHIA changed into a museum! The be made for a limited time by the Grand National wonderful airy dome of this gem of Byzan- Assembly, allowing such garb for one representa· tine art, the church erected by Anthemius tive of each religious body. In a place where the and dedicated by the Emperor Justinian fourteen long flowing robes and peculiar headdress of each centuries ago, will no longer echo to the prayers one of a dozen or more different sects or faiths of the faithful of Islam. After nine hundred years have always been noticeable, such a law is drastic as a Christian church, and five hundred more as and causes much discussion and speculation. Will a Moslem mosque, the massive building is now the Roman Catholic orders acquiesce, and French closed to all visitors, to be reopened after exten- and Italian priests and nuns doff their garb? Or sive alterations, as a museum of Byzantine art, will they decide to leave the country rather than under the secular government of the Republic of submit? With most orders of nuns, the pure Turkey. Thus have the present rulers solved a white butterfly-winged hats are a part of their problem that has been for ages a source of trouble consecration vows; how can they abandon them? between Greeks and Turks. The Syrian Archbishop has already appeared in the streets in civilian garb; and the Gregorian One essential item on the Megali idea, or grand and Orthodox clergy will apparently offer no replan of the Greeks, was that when the city was sistance. For Evangelical Christian bodies, the again brought under the Greek flag,' the services new regulation makes no difference. in Agia Sophia, the Church of Holy Wisdom, in- terrupted on that fateful day in 1453 by the in- What is the purpose of this new ordinance?

rushing hordes of Moslems, when the officiating The Government gives no explanation, save that priest fled through the secret door, shall be re- it is determined to abolish all distinctions tending stored and resumed. The initiated believe that to establish a religious hierarchy. The fact that the priest will again come out of that same door· the new law affects many times as many Moslem to conduct the worship. The Turks for many clerics as all the others put together, seems an years excluded all Greeks from the mosque and indication that the step is rather for the purpose declared that it should be blown to atoms rather of striking another blow at the reactionary, ultra- than surrendered under any circumstances. But conservative Moslem element, than (as has also many will regret that the famous Night of Power, been suggested) to lessen the prestige of the Ital- the night of the twenty-seventh of Ramazan, with ian and French Catholics. When one considers its awesome mass of ten thousand worshipers go- the former domination of the Ottoman State by ing through the Moslem prayers together, will not the Moslem clergy, one is the more ready to con- again be repeated in this place. done such drastic measures. When an Evangelical In this transformation is there any resemblance clergyman was recently interviewed by some reto that of the Church of St. Michael in Moscow porters on Turkish dailies, as to the feeling of changed by the Soviet Government into a mu- Protestants toward this new regulation, they were seum? There is another change which, like this, surprised to learn that the Gospel gave no direcis attributed by some to the growing influence of tions whatever as to any distinctive dress for the the Soviet Government in Angora. A significant clergy, and were pleased to be assured that Protfact is that Comrade Karahan, who has recently estants as such had no peculiar religious garb. been sent there as Russian ambassador, is an When they asked the clergyman what were his Armenian. With grim sadness the remnant of own individual feelings about such a regulation, Armenians left in Turkey witness the predom- he replied: inating influence of an Armenian over Turkish "I am an American; and in my country any policies. This second change, rightly or wrongly clergyman can wear whatever he pleases, in the attributed to Soviet influence, is the ordinance street or anywhere else; there is absolutely no forbidding the use, by any cleric-Moslem, Jew, compulsion, everyone is perfectly free as to what or Christian-of any distinctive clerical garb out· he may wear. I only wish there were this same side of places of worship. A single exception may freedom from compulsion in every country."

[401 ]

Their reply was significant: "This present rule instrumental minor of western music, gives a preis one step for us in that direction." God grant vailingly melancholic effect; and the peculiar high that with complete freedom from ecclesiastical quavers form an art by itself. But henceforth domination and from all fear of it, may come also Western music is to be the standard; and in order complete freedom to preach and teach the Chris- to be acceptable, Turkish tunes must now be set to tian faith! harmony. No longer will the inje saz orchestras be heard; and for a while Turkish popular music Another extensive change of these days in Tur- is greatly hampered. The reason for the change, key is in the adoption of purely Turkish family as given in some newspapers-that this sort of names in place of the ancient system of "Ali, son music was inevitably associated with drinking and of Mehmet," and "Suleyman, son of Bayram." carousing, which must stop – is specious. The The law has now been promulgated that everyone true reason seems to be that those in authority beshall have a family name, which must be Turkish, lieved that Europeans were jeering at Turkish and not Arabic or Persian or other nationality. music as unmusical, and that therefore Turkey Thus the President, Mutafa Kemal, has become should conform to recognized Western standards, Kemal Atatiirk; the Prime Minister Ismet Pasha, to prove her high civilization. has become General Ismet Inonii; the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Riishtii Bey, has adopted In the midst of all these Ghanges, woman seems the name Tewfik Riishtii Aras; the Turkish Min- to be coming into her own far more rapidly than ister to Rumania, Hamdullah Suphi Bey, is now in other lands. During last December a law was Suphi Tanriover. This is sufficiently confusing; passed, giving her not only the right to vote in but coupled with this has come the more surpris- national elections, but also the right to candidacy ing regulation abolishing all titles heretofore used. for the Grand National Assembly; and in the com- Not only have they discarded such titles as Pasha, ing elections for members of this parliament, we Hodja, Hadji, etc., but even the lowly Bey and shall probably see many women voting, and per- Efendi, which were no more than the equivalent haps a few elected to seats. One thing is certain, of mister; and Hanum, which was applied to all in general education women have made wonderwomen, old or young, married or unmarried. Such ful strides in these past ten years, so that perhaps titles, according to Turkish custom, were placed they are as well prepared to be electors as the after the name. Now, they are all dropped and average of the men. ancient Turkish words for Mr. and Mrs. (or Miss) – Bay and Bayan – are being adopted. The revolutionary-evolutionary process also in- These, moreover, are to be placed before and not cludes progressive steps in the development of the after the name. The military titles of Mushir and Turkish language. Further spelling reforms are Pasha must also now be replaced by Marshal and being introduced, which are real improvements General. So that Ismet Pasha becomes General over the system as first adopted six years ago. Ismet Inonii; and Halide Hanum becomes Bayan A commission is at work discovering and listing Halide, while Ali Efendi is Bay Ali. For a time for adoption hundreds of old Turkish words in this may lead to confusion; but in the end it will place of foreign words thus far in common use mean a great simplification. Some may like to see for very common things. Even highly educated in this a further indication of Russian influence Turks find this sudden bringing back into use of -like the universal adoption of "Comrade" and terms long rare and provincial, or even obsolete the abolition of titles of nobility. for centuries, most confusing. In their eagerness for a pure Turkish, these scholars are far more But perhaps the new ordinance that has caused anxious to get rid of Persian and Arabic terms the deepest sorrow to the heart fond of the ancient than of French or German ones; and the ordinary traditions and customs of the Turk, is the sweep- newspaper today, while it is very particular to ing abolition of traditionally Turkish music or avoid certain words of the former type, will have dozens of European words in every column. music ala Turque. On pipe and lute, the familiar In this connection it is providential that the new airs in a peculiar minor key which have held many translation of the Bible into modern Turkish, now in progress and of which certain parts have been a coffeehouse group spellbound, and have formed issued in tentative form, will take some years yet part of the entertainment at countless firesides, before it is ready for print; for by that time we are now forbidden to be played over the radio, or may hope ttl see a bit more of stability in the ,voto be used at any public gathering. This does not cabulary and spelling of Turkish words. Every effort will be made to keep up to the minute with for the present ban them in private homes; but it official changes, which have a distinct influence on puts the stamp of official disapproval on this brand the Turkish attitude toward all foreign ideas and of music. Typical Turkish music knows no four- customs, and a bearing on Christian missionary parts, or harmony of the European sort. Its work.

rhythm-often alternating measures of four and five beats-is weird; its minor key, resembling the

Turkey's Predicament*

-~I~=======B=Y=D=R=.=C=H=A=RL==E=S=C=.=M=O==Rru==S=O=N======~1I~ T HE government of Turkey is in form a re- Ataturk is unqualified. His support does not rest public; in reality it is a dictatorship. Its on force, though of course force is in the back- undisputed head is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ground; but the people's mood is spontaneous and the president of the republic. There is a parlia- genuine. They are grateful to him for saving the ment of one chamber, called the Grand National country from Greek domination and the domina- Assembly, which debates and passes laws, but it tion of the great powers. They recognize in him is strictly under the dictator's control. Its mem- a military genius and trust his devotion to the na- bership is determined by him through the one- tion's well-being. They support the reforms he party system which insures that the candidates has already instituted-even the abolishing of the selected by the party chiefs and approved by the fez caused a minimum of murmuring. If he does dictator will be elected. The members are allowed not become too ruthless in his collision with to debate certain measures upon which the gov- Islamic habits and institutions, the people will ernment is neutral, and to vote freely upon such tolerate his reforms and follow him. There is no measures, but measures considered vital by the clamor for a more real democracy. Sympathetic government are not debated, and there is no di- outsiders see a dictatorship in some form as in- vision in the voting. evitable for Turkey, and they would rather have Ankara, the capital, is a new city, in many Ataturk than a sultan or a Stalin.

respects, like far western American cities. The Assuming that the new regime is successful and government has established here a score of insti- attains its objective, what sort of society will it tutions for training a new generation of leaders produce-a communistic or a capitalistic society, in every type of economic and cultural need-agri- or something else? There is in the dictator's culture, industry, pedagogy, music, liberal arts, regime a minimum of economic dogma. The lead- various sciences, plant pathology, business admin- ers hold no brief for capitalism, though so far istration, accounting, stenography, and others. there has been no mortal wound inflicted upon it.

Thousands of students are drawn to Ankara from On the other hand, they are not afraid of doing every part of the nation and given free instruc- things which are characteristically communistic tion and free board and dormitory. Such students (or socialistic). The railroads and the banks are are under oontract to go, at the end of their train- owned (or controlled) and run by the government.

ing period, wherever they may be sent, with sup- The government is doing practically all the in- port but without salary, for a period of five years, dustrial developing that is being done. The lead- to teach locally the things in which they have been ers deny that this is socialism. It is looked upon trained at the government's expense. Thus the as necessity; it is common sense! If there is to government hopes to "rationalize" the economic be any industrial development in Turkey, the gov- life of Turkey and to quicken its cultural aspira- ernment must mother it and operate it, for the tions. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Tevfik very good reason that no one else can!

Riishtii Aras, is also president of the assembly of Turkey is poor. From the background of the the League of Nations. United States or Germany or even Italy, it is un- Americans and other foreigners, missionaries believably poor. It is predominantly agricultural and foreign business men, the Turks themselves, and even its agriculture is deflated. There is no officials, highly responsible citizens, and the man industry, in the modern sense. There are, in rough in the street, all tell essentially the same story as figures, 7,000 "industrial workers" in Turkey; there are 4,000 "factories." This means that the to matters of fact. so-called "factories" are for the most part one- man shops, most of them in the homes. It will be There is little criticism of the form of govern- clear, therefore, that the economic problem which ment. For the present stage of Turkey's develop- Turkey faces in bringing herself abreast of modment, it seems that no better form of government ern nations is tremendous. This lack of industrial could be devised. The popularity of President • Condensed from The Christian Century, June 19, 1935. development in Turkey greatly simplifies the eco- [403 ]

nomic problem on its theoretical side. There is market, a dumping ground for European manuonly one thing to be done – put the collective factured goods. She paid for these goods by her wealth of the people-that is the government- agricultural products, by the marvelous treasures behind a program for the creation of industry. of art which had been accumulated through the While you are doing this very socialistic thing, centuries of her own imperial prosperity, by her you can pass laws, and vigorously enforce them, woven things like rugs and tapestries into whose prohibiting socialistic or communistic propa- creation millions of hours of human toil was put ganda; you can do this without inconsistency be- at the most cruel of starvation wages, and by the cause the propaganda of any kind of economic piling up of a vast pyramid of debt to other nadogma only tends to clutter the necessitarian tions which only put her the more helplessly at the policy of the government. mercy of the vultures. Thus Turkey's impoverish- ment was made complete. Mustafa Kemal's prob- There is but little radical agitation and little lem was to turn a mere market, a dumping ground, likelihood of it, or of its opposite. The govern- into a self-respecting and self-supporting econment's assumption of the industrial burden is not omy. He and his regime are working at the probopposed by industrialists, for there are none; nor lem with true patriotism. by "labor," for there is none! That is to say, the Kemalist government can use its common sense in LAWRENCE OF AFRICA* developing industry, and will meet with no resistance such as is met in America or in any coun- Everyone has heard of "Lawrence of Arabia" try where industry has become a vested private (whose death has saddened the British Empire), interest and labor has become class conscious and but there is a Lawrence of Africa whose advenorganized. This simplifies the problem for the tures have been equally thrilling. Dr. William T. Kemalist regime. Lawrence has spent thirty-four years in the East Africa Mission of the American Board and speaks But it is easier tl} introduce collectivism in a with a smile of the hazards of living where lions society that has no machine industry, and it is and leopards lurk in the grass; where cobras pay more difficult to make that collective industry a social calls and where swarms of red locusts, four practical success. Machinery has to be procured inches long, sometimes take half a day to pass a from other countries. Materials for the construc- given spot, and break off branches of trees when tion of plants must also be imported, as well as they settle down on them. many raw materials for the manufacturing of commodities. How will you procure. this ma- Better roads have meant the difference between chinery and these materials? You can buy them. life and death to the kindly dispositioned Ndaus Yes, and how will you pay for them? Only by of this country. When Dr. Lawrence first went the export of your own agricultural products. But to Africa he traveled on foot, then on horseback, other countries, with a few exceptions, are not in on bicycle, motorcycle and now by auto. great need of your agricultural products – they have their own. Not only so, but in order to pro- We who live where a ring on the 'phone brings tect their own agriculture against competition, a doctor quickly, and where an ambulance rushes they have erected high tariff walls to keep yours a sufferer to a well-equipped hospital, cannot conout. And so your industrial program, backed by ceive the plight of thousands in Africa. For exthe unqualified collective good will of the nation, ample, a mother with a baby on her back, trying cannot even get started. to carry home a bag of grain, slips down a wet bank and breaks her thigh. What can she do but This is Turkey's predicament. Here success lie in agony? largely depends upon securing some degree of cooperation from other nations. She has effected Lions and leopards are particularly dangerous, certain trading arrangements with Germany and often roaring around the spring that supplies a Russia, but these, while better than nothing, are village with water, so that no one dare approach. all onesidedly unfavorable to Turkey and are quite Once they have tasted human blood these animals insufficient for the realization of her industrial are for all time "man eaters." The deadliest repaspirations. Responsible men whenever they ap- tile is the cobra, but another is the puff adder. proach the question of trade relations with 'other The amambla attacks without warning and death countries, see that their whole program depends ensues if tts poison reaches the blood stream. upon overcoming the economic isolation of Turkey. Dr. Lawrence not only has a hospital under his Kemal had on his hands a Turkey which was, care, but the health supervision of more than 400 economically, at least one hundred years behind boys and girls in mission schools; the training of the rest of Europe. Other countries had some natives in first aid and frequent trips through degree of industrial development; Turkey had jungles to outstation schools. none. Turkey had been a market, nothing but a * C'ondellseil from The Mi$$ionary H erakl.

Islam's Debt to the

_."'Ii! By SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

JEREMIAH the prophet draws a clear distinc- Rome, have written books on the subject, prov- tion between false and true teaching, between ing their thesis by a wealth of new evidence. the revelation of God and the muttering of We notice that the influence of the Bible on self-deceived prophets, comparing them to the Islam began in the very life of its founder and his wheat and the chaff. (Jeremiah xxiii). This sharp family. Mohammed was, in a sense, the illegiti- contrast with the climax, in which he asserts that mate child of the Oriental Church, and Islam is a the Word of God is a fire and a hammer that Christian heresy. Two of Mohammed's wives were breaks the rock in pieces, reminds us of the phrase Christians. His cousin, Waraka, read the Hebrew of Karl Barth, "The Word of God or the word of Scriptures, and Khadijah, his first wife, was per- man." haps a Jewess. It is even held that Mohammed There are many voices on religion, but only one himself could read and write and that he heard Revelation. There have been many prophets, but parts of the Gospel read by Christians. So in only one Saviour. That is the eternal issue. "The many and mysterious ways the truth of God bored grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the word its way from within.

of God abideth forever." Our New Testament is From the first the Bible, directly and iJildirectly, the supreme textbook of missions. The basis, the has exerted its power and has changed Islam. This aim, the goal, the motives, the triumphs of mis- is true, for example, in Moslem mysticism, which sions are what they are because God has spoken owes so much to early Christian teaching. Then once for all. In the last analysis all the sacred there was the influence of apostates, Christian books of the non-Christian religions are a chal- wives of Mohammedans, and Christian slaves who lenge to the supremacy, the finality, and the suf- embraced Islam. The traditions are in a measure ficiency of God's Word. the table-talk of these people who told what they This is especially true of Islam, for it is the only knew and did not know of the Gospel.

great religion that came after Christianity, and Christ, even though portrayed only in caricature the only one which has supplanted it in some parts in the Koran, cannot be hid. The light that was of the world. When Mohammed was born in under the bushel has burned the bushel! The fire 571 A. D., the New Testament had already ap- smouldered for centuries, then burst into flame.

peared in six translations: Syriac (Peshito) , Therefore today we see the result, and are face to Latin (Vulgate), Gothic, Armenian, Coptic, and face with a new situation, new toleration, and' new Ethiopian versions. Thus there were two versions manifestations of God's Providence in the history for Africa, two for Asia, and two for Europe. But of Islam. One example is the beautiful Mosque of it is the tragedy of the Near East that no version Santa Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople), which existed in Arabic and that Arabia became the was built in 537 A. D., under Justinian, and for cradle of Islam through this neglect. nine hundred years was a Christian Church. In In the old city of Mecca and in sight of the the fifteenth century it was made a mosque and sacred Kaaba (where three Yemen Arabs recent- the precious mosaics were covered with plaster.

ly attempted to assassinate Ibn Saoud), Moham- Recently this plaster has been removed and the med gave out the Koran which professed to be a building restored to its original condition-not as new revelation from God, supplanting that of a Christian church, it is true, but as a museum.

Jesus Christ our Lord; from that day, down the Yet here the stones cry out to the Moslem visitor, centuries, the Koran has captured the tongues and proclaiming the "Old, Old Story," in symbolism minds and hearts of 250,000,000 people. In the and mosaic art-Jesus Christ, Good Shepherd, the Philippine Islands, under the American flag, there Alpha and Omega and the glory of His Cross and are 557,000 Moslems, and in India 77,800,000. resurrection victory.

Islam arose out of a Christian and Jewish en~ The Koran itself bears clear testimony to the vironment. Present-day scholarship is agreed that Bible. Other sacred books have no reference to the best elements in its dogma and ethics are due the Gospel or to Jesus Christ. But Mohammed to Nestorian Christianity. Professors Bell of Glas- could not escape Him. This is one of the most gow, Tor Andrae of Upsala, and Lammens of remarkable facts in the study of the non-Christian [405 ]

religions. Sir William Muir has collated all of tongue of the common people which men despised, these references and commented on their character he recreated the German language and the Gerand significance. There are 131 passages alto- man nation. When Tyndale and Coverdale gave gether, 65 of the Mecca period and 66 of the the Bible to England, they perpetuated the faith Medina period in the Prophet's life. The Old and of the Bible not only, but made its vocabulary and New Testament are highly spoken of as God's style penetrate and permeate English literature. earlier revelation and as "containing light and Shakespeare, Tennyson, and Browning are exguidance for the pious." amples.

Moslem Tradition About Jesus So when Dr. Cornelius Van Dyck and Eli Smith a century ago ended their "work of faith and labor Add to this fact the influence of the Bible on of love and patience of hope," translating the Bible Mohammedan tradition. There are six great page by page and verse by verse into the Arabic standard works numbering tens of thousands of tongue, they ushered in an era far more important pages. That vast, heterogeneous collection of laws than any dynasty or any change in governments and customs, of folk-lore and story, resembles the in the Moslem world, because they gave to 50,- Jewish Talmud. But in one respect it is very dif- 000,000 Arabic-speakhig folk the Word of God in ferent. Jesus is dishonored in the Talmud and a matchless translation. There is a proverb curwas cast out of the Ghetto. He is crowned and en- rent at Damascus, "Al 'Arabiya la tatanassar" shrined in the pages of the Koran. As Goldziher ("Verily, the Arabic language will never be Chrishas shown, the early Moslems borrowed very tianized") . But they no longer use it. Not only largely from the New Testament to build up the has the Arabic tongue been Christianized in an form and content of their faith. They spoke of excellent Bible translation, but there have been Jesus as a great prophet and miracle-worker. Then modern Christian poets and writers who have they took their colors from a Christian paint-box wielded this language with tremendous powerto portray Mohammed-his character, his sayings, Dr. Andrew Watson and Dr. Hogg, in Egypt; his ethics. Al Ghazali, the great theologian of the Dr. Jessup, Dr. Post, and Nasif-al-Yazigi, in eleventh century, is an example in his frequent Syria; Gairdner and Upson and Ibrahim Saeed, references to Jesus' teaching. Again and again he in Cairo; Dr. George Ford, of Sidon; and Miss says, "I have read in the Gospel."* Trotter, of Algiers. The Christian literature of the Cairo and the Beirut press finds its taproot in Now remember that for thirteen centuries these the Scriptures, and has gone to all parts of the pictures and stories of Jesus and about Jesus have Moslem world. circulated in the world of Islam. It is as if an advertising firm had circulated cheap and gaudy New Testament Influence prints of the Sistine Madonna, not at all a true representa.tion, but still calling attention to the Take another example. On the cover of an great original. In fact, the Koran references have led many toward Christ. Professor Mohammed Albanian translation of the Koran there is a re- Ismail, of Lahore, once told me of three things in the Koran which led him to Christ: the fact that production of an old German picture of Christ and all men are sinners; that Jesus Christ as pictured in the Koran is sinless; and that those who want the two disciples on their way to Emmaus. But to learn more about Jesus must read the Injil, the Gospel. the title reads: "Mohammed, Abu Bakr and Ali on Again the Bible in present-day literature and Their Way to Mecca"! So even Christian art is the press is more influential than ever before. It has been translated into all the languages of Islam being adopted by Moslems! and circulated everywhere. It is the hammer of God, more powerful than that of Charles Martel The leading Turkish novelist, Yakoob Qadri, on the battlefield of Tours. Missionaries were the first to capture the magnificent vehicle of the states that he owes his style to the Bible, and he is Arabic tongue for Christ, as Mohammed once used it to proclaim his religion. When Ulfilas, the great criticized in the press for using a Christian vomedieval missionary, came to Northern Europe he put the Bible into the language of the people, and cabulary. The leading Moslem poet of Egypt, the appropriated the Gothic tongue for Jesus Christ. When Martin Luther made the Scriptures use the late Shauket Bey, found much of the motif for • AI! the passages are given in full In chapter Ix of Zwemer's his national poetry in the New Testament. The A Moslem Seeker After God. Revell & Co. 1920. daily press of Cairo affords many other interest- ing examples. .

Sirdar Iqbal Ali Shah in his book, published in 1933, called Lights of Asia, writes of the precious blood of Christ in the words of a fundamentaHst: Whatever modernists may think about the Blood, God esteems it very precious. Saith the Word: "The blood is the life" (Deut. 12: 23). "Without shedding of blood is no remission" (Heb. 9: 22). "It is the Blood that maketh atonement for the soul" (Lev. 17: 11). God commendeth Hif; love to us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.

WHAT YOUNG TURKS THINK OF MOHAMMED

And this from the pen of an Afghan Moslem prison. What a book is the Word of God! It abideducated in England! eth forever. It is God's spiritual dynamite in the hands of converts in India and Persia and North Think of the ever~increasing circulation of the Africa. Century follows century; the Bible re- Scriptures in Persia, Arabia, Moslem India, and mains the same. Empires rise and fall and are Egypt! Holy places which less than twenty years forgotten; it abides. Dynasty succeeds dynasty; ago could be visited only in stealth by Christian it rules hearts. Kings are crowned and unworkers now receive the Word openly-among crowned; it remains the same. Its enemies dethem Kerbela, Nejf, Qum, Riadh, Hail, and even cree its extermination; but it lives on. Taif, the neighboring city of Mecca. It is a seed that takes root and bears fruit in "So is the kingdom of God as if a man should every soil; an anvil that has broken a million cast seed into the ground," said our Master . . . hammers; a light that shines on "till the sun and then it brings forth "automatically." This grows old anq the stars are cold, and the leaves of Greek word is also used of the iron doors that the Judgment Book unfold." swung back when Peter was released from his What Young Turks Think of Mohammed* An Open Letter to Mohammed -"I By ERNST MAX HOPPE, Sofia, Bulgaria 1j;t- ~==========================~ "Well then, do you ever teach yourself, you teacher of religion is spiritual, a faith, a conviction. What! should other people ? You preach against stealing; do you steal? the faith or the conviction of a Moslem, or a faithful one You forbid adultery; do you commit adultery? You de- be in danger? It is not possible to take away the faith of test idols; do you rob temples? You pride yourself on another. the Law; do you dishonor God by your breaches of the Law? Why, it is owing to you that the name of God is Yes, something is in danger; but it is not religion. maligned among the Gentiles, as Scripture says! Circum- It is the interests of those who, under the name of Dercision is certainly of use, provided you keep the Law; but vishes and Hodjas, exploit the masses that are in danger, if you are a breaker of the Law, then your circumcision is and that in the name of Allah. It is these interests that turned into uncircumcision." Romans 2: 21-25 (Moffat's are in danger. Islam does not consider prayer as intranslation) . trinsically necessary where there is no water, nor is a mosque necessary for worship. Actually no true Moslem Jesus said: "Come to me, aU who are laboring and needs this disgusting class of intermediaries between God burdened, and I will refresh you." Matthew 11 : 28 (Mof- and men. The more the land progresses, the more does fatt's translation). this class lose its means of livelihood, for its religion con- sists only in material profit. CONCERNING Mohammed – his life, his times, his mission, his wars, his ostensible In late years there has been no lack of Turkish miracles and acts-many books have been voices that betray a search after a new religion written in the occident. The thing which has been and that rebel against Islam. Among them the interesting me more and more, while living in the following "Open Letter to Mohammed" is worthy Orient, was to investigate the present-day opin- of notice. The letter is a cry of the awakened ions concerning Mohammed and his teachings, young Turkish generation in these modern times. that engage the Moslem nations and peoples them- It appeared in the Stambul periodical Gendsh Diisselves, who formerly played an important part as hiindshiiler (Thoughts of the Young) and was pioneers in the spread of the Mohammedan faith. printed in three issues of the paper. I am quot- ing it unabridged in translation, as follows: The Turkish paper Aksham, in. Stambul, once published the following item about Islam in Open Letter to the Prophet Mohammed Turkey: o Apostle! In Turkish history the cry, "Religion is in dangerl" is well known. Ever and again, whenever this country has Thou must tell us the reasons why these decrees of the taken a further step toward civilization, this cry, "Religion Hodjas and MoUas (the religious leaders and teachers of (Islam) is in dangerl" has been heard. Islam) are so entirely unknown, although they have had an important influence for centuries upon the destinies Religion, as all people know, is not anything material, and the politics of the nation. which one can see or touch. Like all other hallowed things, Thou hast forbidden the worship of images and hast • Article translated by Dr. C. Theodore Benze, Philadelphia. even betrayed the worshipers of idols and images. But

notwithstanding, thy representatives have worshiped only within you, that I too belong to that class of dark scounthe external forms of thy work and have desecrated them drels, who use this world to build up the future world, for more than thirteen hundred years. Is it not an for I know very well, that unless an earthquake will shake abominable setting-up of idols, to kiss the pages of the that old building-a pile of stones and earth-whose sole Koran, to go into the wilderness of Arabia, to imperil value consists in its antiquity-it will not tremble. one's life there, to offer up money, in order to visit the four sid~ of the holy shrine (the Kaaba at Mecca) and o Apostle! to conceal one's hypocrisy under the cover of a pilgrimage? How can we deny this? Because thy softas, who forbid The Kaaba did not tremble when foreign unbelievers such a beautiful art as pictures and music, as being contrary to thy holy law, defend sheer idolatry. tried in their drunkenness to tread down thy building with If thou hadst had such a powerful spirituality distrib- their polished shoes. Why did not the heavens burst under uted over all the world, as thou hast a philosophy and ideas, thou wouldst surely not approve these things with these desecrations? Thy lazy softas always explained, a seeming approval. "No unbeliever may enter the Kaaba, the holy temple in Further yet! Does not thy silence express a clear approval? Let not thy silence be abused here, 0 Apostle of Mecca. Upon such desecration the suns will fall from God. Let it not be abused, because under the mysterious protection of thy holy law, the softas (perhaps holy for heaven in fiery masses and destroy the earth with fire." thee, but for us only disgusting cowardly rascals) commit hundreds and thousands of crimes and hypocrisies. Never- And yet the boots of the unbelievers trod the temple at theless they ascribe all their acts to thee and thy holy law. Mecca and committed all kinds of abominations under its o Mohammed, holy law-giver, is not in this case thy shadow. But nothing fell from heaven and nowhere did silence an approval? the earth quake. . o Apostle! With thy permission I will tell thee something and in- Did not the Kalifs, thy so-called rep.resentatives, and the form thee of a fact that will really make thee tremble. softas and the sheik-ul-islam, who worked in thy name, Thy softas with their great turbans, waving garments commit for centuries, following thy example, those abom- and fat necks, raised their heads and uttered prayers that inations of the harem, for which the whole civilized world thy sanctuaries and theirs should be trampled down. They and all humanity was aroused? All those corruptions and prayed to Allah for the slavery of Islam. Why? Because heinous deeds, which merely to name is a disgrace to the the unbelievers brought money. Is not gold a religion, human name and civilization, and which are hearths of the creed and the faith of them all? infection in a large community, thy hodjas call "Punna" (i. e., holy practices), enjoined by thee. More yet! The o Apostle! Kalifs and Softas, who for so many centuries could secure the perpetuation of their pleasures and their rascality, by How shall I make it known that even thy enemies are depriving these orphans of martyrdom of the last they ashamed because of the spiritual downfall of thy reprehave, call this thing "thy holy punna"! sentatives. But thy softas are never ashamed for this! Does thou see it now, 0 Apostle of God? o Apostle! Thou who sawest no wrong in adding several captured women to thy harem after thy warlike expeditions, thou Suppose we draw a dark curtain over all this and see hast approved of the abominations of these hodjas, softas it no more. We have already drawn a curtain and see and kalifs. And thou hast even made them legal by the nothing more of the abominations of thy softas, nor hear marriage rite. their sermons. Weare only suffering from the wounds of the past. Since thou hast been example and pattern for them, thou hast taught as a holy custom the marriage of I know not But what wilt thou do? Thou who hast always promhow many women with men, who did not even have the ised righteousness, uprightness, prosperity and happiness ability to earn their daily bread. Thou hast taught that by thy religion and thy laws! these things are meritorious actions in the sight of God and so thou hast been the cause of thousands, yea millions What wilt thou do, since that which the unbelieving of family tragedies. Thou didst cause that millions of could not do, in spite of their endeavors, in order to exchildren roamed abandoned in the streets and became terminate thy people during the last thirteen centuries, criminals, swindlers and voluptuaries. thy softas and sheiks have succeeded in doing, namely dragging down this poor Turkish nation into that deep Did not thy temple in Mecca tremble when thy soul did whirlpool, only because it adhered to thy religion! Benot do so? But do not let my words awake the thought cause hodjas and softas held the fort from within. The evil that the unbelievers were unable to accomplish, they did with pomp and delight.

And thou stoodest there as an unconcerned spectator and gavest approval to all the evil deeds and wickedness of these men! So many years, yea centuries did we wait for the promised Redeemer! We waited for Gog and Magog! No deliverer appeared. We even prayed for the deceiver to come; but alas! he too did not come to help us!

KUMANDAN OGLU KASIM TEVFIK.

This eighth chapter of Paul's "Letter to the Romans" gives us some conception of God's dealing with His children. The Spirit takes the little child of God, and leads him to the Fa- ther; then, as he approaches, and is a little timid, the Spirit of God whispers to him, just like. a mother: "Now, do not be afraid, remember that He is your Father" witnessing with our spirit that we are the children of God, and teaching us to say, "Abba, Father." Then as we approach God, and try to put before Him our requests, and do not exactly know how, the Spirit takes up the inperfect prayer and says, "Father, this is what the child really wants." Thus He interprets our desires in his own dialect in the Father's ears. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Is a Faith Mission?*

By REV. ROBERT HALL GROVER, M.D., D.D., Philadelphia Home Director of the China Inland Mission THE name "Faith Mission" was not chosen or undertaking for the evangelization of inland assumed by Missions which have come to be China. Thus was born-by the Spirit of God, but so designated. Rather was it given them by through the travail of the soul of His servant-the others on account of their distinctive policy and China Inland Mission.

practice regarding financial support. Nothing is But how was such a new enterprise to be sup- more remote from the mind of such Missions than ported? Every Board already carrying on mis- that they have any monopoly upon faith, or that sion work depended for its support upon the they necessarily exhibit any greater faith than churches of its own denomination. Mr. Taylor Missions of a different order. Keenly conscious was quite unwilling that a single shilling should oftentimes of the lack or frailty of their own faith, be diverted from these existing missionary chan- they take humbly the position of looking to God nels. More than this, he felt the importance of alone for the financial needs of their Christ-ap- safeguarding his new undertaking from any just pointed tasks. criticism on this ground. Accordingly he cove- The oldest Mission of this type today, and still nanted with God that he would solicit nothing much the largest in the number of its workers from man, whether publicly or privately, but and the extent of its work, is the China Inland would tell the needs of the new work only to the Mission. Begun in 1865, this Mission is just Lord in prayer and look to Him alone for its about to celebrate its Seventieth Anniversary. support.

Brought into being unquestionably by God, its In this spirit of implicit faith he walked into a human founder was Hudson Taylor, whose name London bank, and with ten pounds (fifty dollars) has become well-known throughout the Christian -all the money he possessed-opened an account world. . . . He had spent seven years in China, in the hitherto unheard-of name of the China Inand although he was compelled to return to Eng- land Mission. Fifty dollars to begin the task of land in broken health, the burden of China's un- evangelizing four hundred millions of Chinese on evangelized millions continued to weigh heavily the other side of the globe-what an absurdity! upon his heart. He thought of China by day; he Yet not so, for it was fifty dollars p~us God! And dreamed of it by night. And little wonder, when so wonderfully did God set His seal upon this attiwe stop to think of China's spiritual condition at tude and action of faith on the part of His humble that time! More than half a century since the servant that in the succeeding seventy years, as beginning of Protestant mission work in that the Mission has maintained unaltered its original land, and still there were only fifteen stations in financial policy and practice, approximately $26,- the whole Empire, all of them along the coast, 000,000 have passed through its treasury and been eleven out of eighteen provinces yet unentered and used in its work. Its first party of missionaries, lying in utter spiritual darkness, a mere handful eighteen in number, left England in the sailing of missionaries, and actually only 350 evangelical vessel Lammermuir on May 26, 1866. Such has Chinese Christians among 400,000,000 heathen! been the growth of the Mission through the suc- Mr. Taylor made the rounds of all the Mission ceeding years that its missionary staff now num- Boards in London that had work in China, and bers 1,368. These workers, together with nearly pleaded earnestly with each one to undertake a 4,000 Chinese colleagues, occupy 344 stations and penetration of the interior, but no Board saw its 2,000 outstations, distributed over all but three of way to respond. Finally, on a Sunday morning in China's provinoes and also her vast adjoining de- June, 1865, he fiung himself upon the sands of pendencies to the north and west. Brighton Beach . . . and cried to God in behalf of China. Then it was that God spoke and this It was not long before this new type of misgodly young servant of His received a never-to-be- sionary undertaking for China began to be duplidoubted divine call and commission to begin a new cated in behalf of other needy fields, and thus, one after another, new "inland" enterprises were • Condensed from ReVelation, Philadelphia, April, 1935. launched, such as the Africa Inland Mission, the [409 ]

Inland South America Missionary Union, the one to produce facts to prove the contrary. . . . Sudan Interior Mission, and so on. The list of such societies working in foreign lands has now Evangelistic missionaries, far from being mere grown to twenty or thirty. While these have no propagandists, are the ones in every mission field organic relation to one another, each being a sep- who are living closest to the people, who know arate entity, and while as to their organization their needs and problems most intimately, and and administration, and even their financial meth- who along every practical line are filling the role ods, there are differences in detail, yet in the main of the Good Samaritan toward them. For evi- they are patterned along the same lines and as a dence of this fact one need only point to the China group have come to be spoken of as "Faith Mis- Inland Mission as an illustration, with its 16 hos- sions." For purposes of spiritual fellowship, pitals, 106 dispensaries and 328 schools, its opium prayer and conference over common problems, refuges, leper asylums and orphanages, its spe- and mutual helpfulness in every practicable way, cial work for the blind, the deaf and dumb, the . a number of these societies on this continent are aged and infirm, and the victims of domestic now linked together in a purely fraternal union slavery, as well as the leading and costly part it known as the Interdenominational Foreign Mis- has taken, year after year, in relief work for suf- sion Association of North America. ferers from famine, flood, and pestilence. This is equally true of the other Missions of this class Distinctive Convictions of Faith Missions laboring in other fields. Yet none of these Mis- sions thinks for a moment of apologizing for the 1. As to financial support, they do not solicit fact that all such ministries in behalf of the funds or pursue popular methods of raising physical, temporal and moral welfare of the peo- money, but look to the Lord in faith and prayer ple are ever held subservient and made contribu- for the supply of the means to carryon their work. tory to the primary aim of seeking the salvation They do not go into debt or borrow money. Their of lost souls. . . . workers are not guaranteed fixed stipends, but all unite as a family in trusting God for their tem- We are of the opinion that any Christianity poral needs and accepting what He is pleased to which does not find practical expression in daily send them through the voluntary gifts of His peo- life is not the real article but only a spurious imi- ple. All share alike financially, no distinction be- tation. The Gospel which every evangelical mis- ing made on the ground of age, length of service, sionary preaches is something that prov,es its or position in the work. power by making those who embrace it better men and women, whether as sons and daughters or 2. As to doctrinal position, firm insistence is parents, as workmen or employers, as citizens or laid upon sound evangelical belief. No worker is rulers of the State. Nor do we know of any other accepted or retained who does not unequivocally potent means of lifting society to a higher and hold all the great cardinal truths of the historic purer level, and of making human relationships Christian faith with reference to the Bible, the what they ,ought to be, apart from the winning of person and work of Christ, the lost condition of individuals through this Gospel to a new life in man and his need of spiritual regeneration. These Christ the Saviour. Missions firmly hold that the old Gospel is the only Gospel, and they are absolutely opposed to 4. As to missionary policy, stress is ever laid "modernism" in any degree. by these Missions upon wholly unoccupied fields and unreached areas in fields already entered. 3. As to missionary method, these Missions They believe that the true objective in missions unite in the conviction that the terms of our Lord's is the evangelization of all men, rather than the Great Commission make the preaching of the conversion of anyone favored section or the edu- Gospel the primary and central task of missions cation of anyone preferred class. As set forth for all time. . . . In accord with these instruc- in the account given in Acts fifteen of that first tions, direct and aggressive evangelism was given great missionary conference of the Christian the central place in the missionary program of the Church, convened at Jerusalem, God is in this New Testament Church, and with attendant re- period of time-from Christ's ascension to His sults transcending those of any succeeding gen- Second Coming-"visiting the Gentile nations, to eration. In the face of the disposition today in take out of them a people for His Name." The some missionary circles to disparage and discard true ambition of the missionary today should evangelism in favor of a more popular program of therefore be what Paul's ambition was in his day, social service, higher education, and other things, "to preach the Gospel where Christ was not we boldly assert that the substitution of any other named" (1 Cor. 15: 20), or "in the regions be- policy or program of work has signally failed in yond" (2 Cor. 10: 16), inspired by the hope of achieving anything like equal returns for the reaching the last unevangelized region and tribe energy and money expended. We challenge any- on earth, and winning the last souls to complete

19351 DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER

the church, or "ecclesia" (called-out company), goodness that this testimony has been given. He which must be made ready for her Lord's return. has condescended to use these most imperfect and It is the consistent aim and endeavor of these unworthy agencies in some measure to carry out Missions ever to be pushing on into new territory His purposes and to show forth His faithfulness and reaching with the Gospel those who have and power. May He be pleased to use what has never had a chance to hear it. The China Inland been written to call forth more prayer both for Mission, for example, has within the last five years these Missions and also for all others that are actually opened and occupied eighty-two new striving to obey the Great Commission by taking centers in China as a part of its Forward Move- the Gospel of salvation to all those for whom the ment. Eight of these new points are in distant Saviour died!

Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the borders of Tibet and Mongolia, while others are among the DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER* primitive hill tribes on the remote frontier of Burma. No less marked and worthy advances Is Christ the chief Treasurer who supplies the (although less familiar to the writer) have been missionary funds? Practically there is a wide made by other pioneer Missions into hitherto neg- difference of opinion upon this point.

lected areas in South and Central America, in "And Prudence sat over against the treasury, Nigeria, Abyssinia, the French Sudan and other watching the expenditures, to see that Faith did parts of Africa, in the Netherland East Indian not overdraw her account," would fairly state the archipelago, and in still other sections of the mis- financial method of many missionary committees.

sionary world. . . . "Faith in t~e work of preaching the Gospel, in- While much more could be written about the so- deed, but in administering the missionary ex- called Faith Missions, enough has perhaps been chequer, sound business principles, if you please."

said to set forth their more distinctive common So we have often heard it, and we do not dispute features. It may be well to add a few words the wisdom of the saying.

about the question of missionary reinforcements But we are conducting the King's business, let in the light of the present grave economic. situa- it be remembered, and in its transactions are no tion. . . . They (the "Faith Missions") have overdrafts of faith ever allowable? May the never concluded that their continuance or advance promises of God never be taken as collateral in need be gauged by prevailing financial conditions. this business? Is the Lord's servant forbidden to If God wants a certain work done, He is surely hypothecate the bonds of the everlasting covenant well able to provide the necessary means, whether as a security for a missionary contract when he little or much, and in times of prevailing plenty has no funds in the bank? The enterprise of misor stringency alike. If the work in hand demands sions is peculiarly the Lord's work and as such reinforcements for its effective advance and com- has guarantors and guarantees back of any that pletion, and offers of service come from those who are human.

give clear evidence, after thorough and prayerful The paradox, "Verum est quia impossibilia," consideration, of being called and fitted of God which Tertullian uttered concerning doctrine, it for such work, then would it not be contradictory is time for us boldly to apply to action, saying, "It to the very principle of faith upon which these is practicable because it is impossible," for, under Missions were founded to decide to decline such the dispensation of the Spirit, our ability is no applicants from fear or misgiving as to whether longer the measure of our responsibility. "The financial supplies will continue sufficient? Rather things which are impossible with men are poshas their policy and procedure been to accept such sible with God," and therefore possible for us who approved new recruits, and to look to the Lord have been united to God through faith. with them in prayer land faith for the provision of the necessary fundi" as a seal of His approval. Since the Hoty Spirit has been given, it is not sufficient for the servant to say to his Master, "I In this way the China Inland Mission during the ;:tm doing as well as I can," for now he is bound six years of depression has sent out over 500 new to do better than he can. Should ~*I;New York workers without curtailing the support of the merchant summon his commercial agent.in Bosexisting work and workers, and has thereby made ton to come to him as quickly as possible, would possible the most marked advance a,nd develop- he be satisfied if that agent were to arrive at the mentof its work in its whole history. Substantial end of a week, footsore and weary from walking reinforcements have also been sent out, and no- the entire distance, with the excuse, "I came as table field advances made, by other Missions of the quickly as I could"? With swift steamer or railsame group. It is with a spirit deeply humbled by an over- way express at his disposal, would he not be bound whelming sense of the Lord's exceeding grace and • From The Alliance Weekly.

to come more quickly than he could? And so, condition for attempting great things for God, with the power of Christ as our resource, and His we shall be disappointed; for that is not believing riches in glory as our endowment, we are called but bargaining. "Said I not unto thee, that, if upon to undertake what of ourselves we have thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory neither the strength nor the funds to accomplish. of God?" (Jno. 11: 40) . Shall we reverse this order, and believe only according as we have seen We have watched with the deepest interest an that glory? If so, He will give us little credit for experiment of enlargement which has come under our faith. Most significantly is it written: "Many our observation. A missionary treasury, taxed believed on his name because they saw the mirto the utmost for years to meet the demands upon acles which he did; but Jesus did not believe in it, was assessed at one stroke an extra fifty thou- them" (Jno. 2: 23, see Greek). sand dollars annually for a new work which God seemed to enjoin. Seven years passed since the I am more and more persuaded that the greatundertaking, and yet the treasury kept just as est things are possible if only we have His power full through all this period, notwithstanding the resting upon us. I have seen such a demonstraextra draft, as during the seven years previous. tion in my church when we met morning after Certainly this outcome does not seem like a di· morning in the early year, simply to pray for the vine admonition not to do so again, but rather like power of the Holy Spirit. We were looking for a a loud invitation to repeat the experiment upon revival. When I made a plea for foreign misthe first new call. When the bugle is sounding sions, I astonished my conservative brethren by for an advance along the entire line, we do well asking ten thousand dollars for our contribution. to mark the significance of such experiments. Only a few wealthy men among us, and they were Our Lord does not say, "Be it unto you according not likely to give largely. But when the offering to your funds," but "Be it unto you according to was gathered, twenty thousand dollars came; noyour faith." If He sees that we trust Him for body was personally asked; no solicitations were large missionary undertakings, He will trust us made. It was simply a great impulse of the Spirit. with large missionary remittances. If, on the contrary, we demand great things of God as a A. J. GORDON.

Seventy Years ofthe China Inland Mission* -ail By MARSHALL BROOMHALL, M.A., London, England / THE history of the China Inland Mission has Hudson Taylor has told us how an aged min- proved that to trust God for the supply of ister of the Gospel prophesied failure both to him temporal things is more than a pious idea. and to the Mission, when the Lammermuir party "How shall Jacob stand? for he is small," cried sailed. "You are making a great mistake in going the prophet Amos of old. And some such cry to China with no organization behind you," this might well have been uttered seventy years ago well-wisher said. "We live in a busy world, and when Hudson Taylor founded the China Inland you will all be forgotten, and the Mission won't Mission. The crisis at Brighton in June, 1865, live seven years." "That," wrote Hudson Taylor and the opening of a bank account in London two some years later, "was the prophecy of this good days later, in the name of the new Mission and man-and a wise one, too. But he was mistaken." with the small sum of £10, are well known. But as we look back over the seventy years, imagina- It is a good thing to remember that the Mission tion endeavors to recapture the human feelings of was not always a large and well-known organizaweakness associated with such a venture as Hud- tion, and th.at God answered prayer seventy years son Taylor then undertook. What prospect was ago in the day of small things as well as today; there that a new organization, founded by an un- But one word of warning is necessary. While God known man, for work in a distant and little known led the children of Israel through the Red Sea, the country, could stand and prosper? Egyptians, when they essayed to imitate them, were drowned. Even prayer must be God-guided, • Condensed from The Ohristian, London, May 9, 1935. not merely inspired by the spirit of imitation.

SEVENTY YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

The China Inland Mission today, though a large of China have been opened to the Gospel, but and now well-known organization, has no other what a history of prayer, of patience, of hardground or foundation upon which to build than ships endured, of mercies granted, and needs supthat which Hudson Taylor enjoyed. It has no plied lies behind that brief statement. other confidence; and the very magnitude of its work, as compared with seventy years ago, makes There are 345 central mission stations, and yet it more, rather than less, dependent upon God. the full story of almost anyone of them would fill The present Master of Balliol has truly said that a small volume. For twenty-five years unceasing "structures and systems are always asking us to prayer and persistent efforts were made to secure worship them, to forget the spirit that informed a footing in the hostile province of Hunan, before them, and to settle down for good in the per- entry was obtained. One 'man, Adam Dorward, manent camp. When that happens, when man's actually traveled in that province for eight years spirit worships its own creation, then structures without having a place which he could call his and systems become idols." The China Inland own, where he could lay his head. He died not Mission is nothing except what God has made it, having obtained a footing. Somewhat similar in answer to the prayers and faith of God's peo- stories could be told of most of the other provinces. ple. And it will only continue as that spirit prevails. Unless the Lord Himself had built the Mis- Times have changed but the difficulties and sion, Hudson Taylor had labored in vain. And trials cannot be said to have decreased greatly unless the Lord today keeps the Mission, its watch- with the passing years. Opposition has only asmen will be vigilant in vain. sumed a new form. In the early years outbursts of violence and local riots were a common experi- Changes in Seventy Years ence. These culminated in the terrible Boxer per- secutions, when nearly two hundred foreigners, The world of today has altered out of all recog- including children, lost their lives, as well as an nition since 1865. Then the Suez Canal had not unknown number of Chinese Christians. Of late been cut, and there was no cable to China. Then a new menace has raised its head, partly as the voyage to the Far East had to be made by sailing outcome of prolonged civil strife, and partly as the ships around the Cape of Good Hope, and it took fruit of communistic propaganda. It has become the best part of a year to obtain a reply by letter a far-too-common experience now for missionaries from one country to the other. Today the journey to be taken captive, and sometimes to be slain. can be made, via Siberia, in about a fortnight, Opposition to Christianity has become more subtle, and, by air, letters can travel even more quickly. more organized, and more ably directed. The News of the recent earthquake in Formosa was local riot has been exchanged for systematic antireported by wireless in England within an hour of Christian methods and bitter hostility. The natthe disaster! Such things would have seemed in- ural anti-foreign bias of the Chinese mind has credible to members of the Lammermuir party. proved a fruitful soil for the false reports of a militant communism, with its godless spirit. It is When the China Inland Mission was founded, therefore the simple truth to say that there has the greater part of China was unevangelized, and, been a life-and-death struggle for the soul of indeed, the interior of that great country in theory China during the last twelve or thirteen years, open by treaty, was extremely difficult of access. largely directly from Russian sources. There were then only fifteen Protestant mission stations in the whole of China, for the most part Yet, despite the formidable opposition-which on the coast. Seventy years ago the total number at times has made the evacuation of considerable of Chinese converts connected with Protestant areas inevitable-spiritual results have increased. missions, was about 2,000. Today the China In- During the first fifty years of the Mission's hisland Mission alone has 345 central stations, 2,000 tory, a period devoted in the main to breaking new outstations, reports over 160,000 converts. ground, 50,700 persons publicly confessed their faith in Christ by baptism; but during the last It is comparatively easy to look back and see twenty years that number has been increased by what God hath wrought, or at least see the super- an additional 107,000 souls, making a total of apficial aspect of what has been done, but it needs proximately 158,000 from the commencement of historical imagination to realize what those sev- the work. The promise that those who do not beenty years have meant. Some knowledge of the come weary in well-doing shall reap in due season trials and difficulties are essential to an apprecia- has been fulfilled. tion of the past. The future always looks more formidable than the past, and it is easy to forget If after these seventy years the China Inland the obstacles that have been overcome. Progress Mission were asked to give an account of its stewcan only be measured by difficulties surmounted. ardship, we should begin to ask: What contribu- It needs only one line to say that the closed doors tion has the Mission made to the Church of God generally? Its primary duty has been the evan-

gelization of China, but in seeking to be obedient come must speedily be transferred. The spiritual to this call, God has given the Mission a witness need and claims of China are still great, and if to bear concerning God's faithfulness in fulfilling God still has a work for the Mission to do, as we His promises. In a day when materialism is believe He has, we would make this time of celerampant, and when men are ready to deny the bration one of renewed dedication to the service presence and the power of God, the testimony as of Him who has blessed us hitherto. to God's trustworthiness in the matter of temporal supplies has strengthened the faith of many. WHEN A CHINESE "HEART.IS God's goodness in supplying the daily bread for His servants still continues a standing marvel, BROADENED" and those who know most about the Mission's financial history can rej oice in God. A mIssIOnary is exammmg an old woman of seventy-three for baptism and admission to the When the World War broke out in 1914, the church: human probabilities against the continuance of the work increased, yet the Mission was maintained "Who is Jesus?" throughout those difficult years. When the cost "Jesus died for me." of silver rose to unheard-of prices, and the con- "How did he die?" sequent need of a greatly increased income, in "I don't know." terms of gold, became necessary if the work was "Who were Jesus' disciples?" to continue, the total income of the Mission in- "I don't remember. I can't read." creased according to that need. When economic "Do you know the names of any of the books famine came to afflict all countries, though the of the Bible?" Mission could not expect to be immune from the "When one can't read. . . " general trial, the necessary bread was given, and "Where did Jesus live on earth ?" water was made sure. Though economies have Silence. had to be practiced-and the Mission has no de- The missionary stopped. The old woman had sire to escape from the trials experienced by so made a very poor showing. many of its supporters-and though faith has "This old lady is one of our most faithful Chrisbeen tested, the barrel of meal has not wasted, nor tians," said a deacon. "She always comes to our has the cruse of oil failed, "according to the word meetings, though she lives three miles away. She of the Lord." gives cheerfully what she can to every good cause. She used to have a terrible temper, but since she In other ways the Mission has been allowed to believed, she has become kind-hearted and patient. bear witness, as in the blessedness of an interde- Everybody knows about it." nominational fellowship, and in the possibility of The missionary looked at her. Seventy-three maintaining an international relationship even years old. She might be gone before he could through the war. The ideals of Hudson Taylor come around next year. He decided to go on with have not been proved impossible, but they have the examination. been embodied in life, and have stood the strain "Who is God?" and test of seventy varied years. "God is our heavenly Grandfather." "Where is He?" We cannot close without a word of gratitude to "Wherever I go, He is there." God for His goodness to the Mission in the matter "Can you talk to Him?" of leadership. The seventy years of the Mission Her face brightened with understanding : "Yes, history are strangely divided into two equal peri- I can." ods of thirty-five years each, with the Boxer crisis "When do you talk to him?" in the centre. From 1865 to 1900, Hudson Taylor, "Why, very often. When I am working in the the founder, was the leader of the Mission, and fields, when I am making bread, when I feel sad, from 1900 to 1935, that great responsibility has I talk to him and my heart is broadened." She rested upon the shoulders of Mr. D. E. Hoste. was now on familiar ground. "I talk to him when- God's best gifts are often found embodied in some ever I want to. Sometimes I have more to say consecrated personality, and the Mission cannot and talk longer. Sometimes I have only one or be too grateful to God for the long and devoted two thoughts and talk shorter. Whatever I have labors of those who have had the rule over the in my heart, I say." work. Mr. Hoste is now well over seventy years of age, and the time has come when he must lay From Jesse R. Wilson's new book, Men and Women of his burden down. The prayers of Christian Far Horizons (paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00), which is friends are asked for the one upon whom the published by the Friendship Press, New York. great responsibility of leadership in the days to

Forty–Seven Years Among the Chinese*

The Fruit of the Labors of Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth D R. AND MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH re- compromise with sin, he is always very tender in turned to Canada early this year after dealing with sinners. forty-seven years of consecrated missionary Throughout these forty-seven years he has service in China and Manchuria. When Dr. and never lost that passion to save souls and to give Mrs. Goforth were in Canada nine years ago they the message of salvation to the unsaved. The met Allan Reoch, a young student just graduating hardships he has been willing to endure, the scars at Knox College and he returned to China with on his body (marks of the Lord Jesus), his ex- them. ample at the age of seventy-six, and blind, testify- Mr. Reoch has written the following illumi- ing for our Lord with the energy of youth are all nating study of Dr. and Mrs. Goforth who have proofs of this. Not only has his love for the left their beloved mission field in Manchuria to Saviour been the impelling motive, but also his return to Canada. love for the people. The Chinese aTE) intensely at- tached to him. What qualities have made Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth so outstanding and so marvelously Not only has he labored in season and out, to used in their work for the Saviour? I came across reconcile lost souls to God through the preaching the following "Seven Rules for Daily Living" of the Cross and shed blood of Jesus, but his work made by Dr. Goforth in 1894 and written on the in reviving backslidden Christians is too well fly leaf of his Bible: known to need further comment. His prayer has been, "0 Lord, revive thy work in the midst of the 1. Seek to give much-expect nothing. years." 2. Put the very best construction on the actions of others. 3. Never let a day pass without at least a quarter of an In all these qualities Mrs. Goforth has shared to hour spent in the study of the Bible. the full. All through the years she has been an 4. Never omit daily morning and evening private prayer able and loyal helper, rendering effective aid to and devotions. the cause of Christ amid dangerous scenes. While 5. In all things seek to know God's will and, when not able these last few years to engage as actively in the preaching as before, on account of ill health, known, obey at any cost. she has carried on an equally important work and 6. Seek to cultivate a quiet, prayerful spirit. 7. Seek each day to do or say something to further Christianity among the heathen. strenuous correspondence.

Dr. Goforth has lived up to these rules. He has After having worked with Dr. and Mrs. Goforth surpassed them. His love for the Bible is well for many years, all these qualities together with known, and he has taken every opportunity to read their obedience to God, strict honesty, generosity, it. Even after becoming blind he had a Chinese kindness, and benevolence remain as precious read to him at least twelve chapters a day. His memories. loyalty to the Bible as the Word of God, and his defense of the fundamentals of the faith have been Dr. Goforth held a week of special meetings just outstanding in his career. before leaving. The farewell service, which lasted four and a half hours on January 20 was attended He is a man of prayer, and through prayer and by many of our Chinese leaders. Bible study has sought to know God's will. It is this love for Bible reading and communion with Pastor Chiang, who represented the Christians God that has given him the power to move audi- from the North, struck a high note when he said, ences to a conviction of sin and repentance. At "Now that Elijah is leaving, we must all be Elishas and pray for a double portion of Elijah's all times he keeps self in the background and relies spirit." wholly on the power of the Holy Spirit to take of the things of Jesus and reveal them unto his Dr. Goforth, speaking from Acts 2, dwelt on hearers. "Not by might, nor by power, but by my the Promise of Power, and the necessity of being Spirit. . . ." These Scriptures have ever been filled with the Holy Spirit to save those yet in his battle cry. darkness. The Christians from every part of the field sent farewell gifts to Dr. and Mrs. Goforth. The silk banners were hung on the walls, while a Though Dr. Goforth's preaching contains a long table was covered with silver shields, all stern denunciation of sin, and in no case tolerates manifestations of their love for them personally and an expression of appreciation of what the • Condensed from The Sunday Schoo! Times, Philadelphia, May Gospel has meant to them.

25, 1935.

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Everyone expects their forty-seven years of and gambling. He broke everyone of the ten eminently fruitful service in China and Manchuria commandments more than once. Among other to be crowned with rich blessing among the things, he sold opium and rented out his buildings churches in the homeland. for houses of ill fame. He was converted a year and a half ago and since then has been a tower of Some Fruits of Their Labors strength in the work. He has lived a changed life The result of this aggressive evangelism is that ever since, has provided buildings for a church, precious souls nave been won to Christ and have and gives testimony himself. Whereas before he the hope of eternal life. Some of the old Chris- never got up in the mornings until near noon, now tians we found in a backslidden condition have he is at the church at five a. m. for early morning prayer meeting. DR. AND. MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH TODAY Mr. Sung, of Tailai, was not baptized when we been restored. One in particular who has been opened work there, but he was a nominal Chrisgreatly used in opening new centers, especially in tian, and his father was an elder. Living away the country districts, is Wang Teh HaL He was from home, he had not received much instruction, baptized about twenty-five years ago, but shortly but was anxious to help. He was seIling opium on afterward an unconverted deacon in the church the side, and, when reproved for his conduct, taught him the best tricks in gambling. Afterthis slapped faithful pastor T'ang in the face. But love Mr. Wang became the most notorious gambler in and patience won the day. Mr. Sung has been his country and was feared because of his con- made a new man in Christ and is a pillar in the stant lawsuiting. He had a fierce temper. One church. Last year, when the building of a church day while he was listening to the preaching of the was discussed, he sold five pigs and brought the Gospel, a pastor offered him a Scripture portion, money to the treasurer. but he threw it to the ground in a rage. The second day, however, his hardened heart was touched, Among the recent converts, Mr. and Mrs. Wang, and he has been out and out for the Lord since. of Tailai, are outstanding. When, in the autumn He said lately that in his unregenerate days, if of 1930, the missionary was doing evangelistic anyone stole a chicken out of his yard or a pump- work in that city, he went out with the colporteur kin off his window sill, he would stand on the selling Scripture portions. One of those to buy housetop and swear at the neighbors for three was a soldier. Later he went to a shop to find out days. Now he used his flow of language in telling what they were about, as he couldn't read. He the Gospel story. only bought them because they were so cheap. The manager in the shop said he didn't know and Mr. Tung is the most prominent and wealthy gave away the ones he had bought to Mr. Wang, layman who has joined with us. He was baptized who then went to the chapel and heard the Gospel three years before the Boxer trouble and remained for the first time. He was so impressed that he steadfast throughout that persecution. Later he decided to become a Christian. On reaching home became an official and rich in this world's goods. he smashed up his opium lamps, for beside being He fell from grace and took unto himself eight a soldier, he ran an opium den. Mrs. Wang bewives, spent his days in opium smoking, drinking, came as ardent a Christian as her husband. What a change the light and love of Jesus brought into that dark and sinful home! Now, four years later, we find Mr. Wang working as an evangelist. Mrs. Wang went to Bible college at her own expense and does voluntary preaching among the women. They are a marvelous couple, showing in their lives the power of the saving grace of God. . . . .

Another who has come out on the Lord's side, is Chang Pao Cheng. He was living in Szepingkai with his mother, wife, and family. When his mother became ill, his wife decided to consult a fortune-teller, as things were going from bad to worse in spite of her daily burning incense to pla- cate the gods.- Seeing her distress, and having listened sympathetically to her tale of woe, the fortune-teller said that their little daughter was the cause of all their troubles and that they would have to get rid of her. Mrs. Chang was to keep on a vegetable diet, burn twice as much incense,

FORTY-SEVEN YEARS AM;ONG THE CHINESE

and finally give him a liberal contribution for his the thirteen-year-old daughter of Mr. Sun, as he advice. grabbed her tightly around the throat.

For the next few days, Mrs. Chang could be "I don't know where my father is, and even if seen walking up and down the streets of Szeping- you kill me, I can't tell you where he has fled to kai, carrying her daughter in her arms. The child because I don't know," she replied in a calm voice.

was dressed in her best clothes with a piece of The unperturbed manner of this country girl straw sticking in a buttonhole. That was a sign in the face of danger was so different from what the girl was for sale. But nobody wanted to buy they had ever seen that one bandit asked of his the girl, and wouldn't take her even for nothing, companion in evil, "What kind of a girl is this?"

as every family had enough to do to make ends "I'm a Christian," she said, slowly raising her meet without adding to expenses. head (for she had been standing bowed in silent One day while looking for a prospective buyer, prayer). "I think you would like to hear me sing,"

Mrs. Chang stopped at the market place where a she ventured.

theatrical performance was in progress. The "Yes, sing us a song," the bandits shouted.

church had also put up a tent and, taking advan- She sang a hymn, and they were so pleased that tage of the large numbers present, preached daily they wanted to hear some more. "Wait until I to the crowds. Mrs. Chang heard the Gospel for call my cousin and we'll sing together. You will the first time, went home and told her husband.. like that better still," was her reply. When her The next day Mr. Chang went, and was even more cousin, a girl about her own age arrived, they sang impressed. They decided for Christ, went home another hymn, and the robbers were so delighted and smashed their idols, determined not to sell the that they returned all of her father's goods they child but to trust in Jesus for the recovery of the had stolen. "Please give back my uncle's things, sick. From that time on, the old woman began too," she boldly pleaded, and they did as she asked.

to recover, and is still hale and hearty. On leaving gave her two dollars as well.

Later Mr. Chang was made an elder at Szep- A Farewell Message ingkai. Now he is out preaching in a very wild district. When he was a young man living in A "Farewell Message from Dr. and Mrs. Go- Shantung, he lived a very bad life. How com- forth" sent to friends in January, just before they pletely he was changed by Christ! He became left Manchuria, contains the following: gentle and could be trusted absolutely and was As we lay down this work, we praise God for our faithconstantly sent to the bank on business. A year ful coworkers, the Rev. and Mrs. Allan Reoch and the Rev.

ago he returned to his old home for a short visit and Mrs. William G. Davis, who with some splendid Chi- nese leaders must now carryon. They have all along been and won family after family for the Lord. absolutely one with us in the aggressive evangelistic The Sun Girls and Bandits methods adopted from the inception of this work. Mr. Reoch is now Secretary-Treasurer of the Goforth Evan- A typical case of how the Christians stood firm gelistic Funds Account, from which nearly all our evanduring the chaotic conditions prevailing two years legists are supported. Address the Rev. Allan Reoch, ago may be seen in the case of the Sun girls. My Szepingkai, Manchuria.

notebook tells the tale better than memory could We plan to open a "Goforth Evangelistic Funds Acrecall. count" in the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, in which all money for this work will be deposited. Our "If you don't tell me where your father is, I'll home address is 47 St. James' Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, kill you," said a rough looking Chinese bandit to Canada.

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER By VIOLA RICH SIMTH, Legaspi, Albay, Philippine Islands Oh, lift us heavenly Father, At noontide, with its scorching heat, And strengthen day by day From labor worn, we find The feeble thoughts that yearn toward Thee, Renewal, rest and'peaceful power, For we would learn to pray. At once with Thine Own mind.

We come to Thee at morningtide, "At even' when the sun is set," When skies are clouded gray; We bring our day to Thee, The howling winds of bitter fear And find its petty burdens gone, Thou clearest from our day. Ourselves, Christ-centered, free.

Letter to a New Missionary*

By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London World Dominion Movement YOU wish to know how best to set about your provide material for home letters, but your spir- work. To answer that is not easy, but there itual power, your success in creating a living are certain things which stand out prom- Christian fellowship, may be conspicuously absent. inently. First of all I would place at the center, One of your problems will be the use of money. as of primary importance, the influence of per- The amount the missionary spends on himself and sonality. One must keep the best of one's energy his household will seem prodigality to the poor for personal relationships. There must be un- villager so that you must make every effort to live hurried daily communion with God through Bible . simply and with as little display as possible. This study, meditation and prayer. You cannot live is the way of avoiding innumerable difficulties. on spiritual reserves, but on day by day "income." "Give us this day our daily bread" has a twofold The problem of a young missionary going to an old field is very different, and also very diffisignificance. cult. Here he finds work which is long estab- Secondly, every contact in any capacity is a lished, and the question will arise in his mind why, after thirty years or so, has it not been commissionary method, and therefore you are "on duty" 'every moment of the day. mitted to the people themselves to carryon i The Does anything else matter? In a sense, no! saying that "here we have no continuing city" is You may often be perplexed as to what you should true of the contact of foreign missionaries with do. The urge to get things done is Western and native peoples. The missionary is not intended to modern. As your object is to build up a truly in- be a permanent factor in the life of an alien peodigenous Church, you should aim principally at ple. His work is to make Christ the permanent winning the family to Christ. In the social sys- factor, and himself to pass on to other pioneer tems of India, China and Africa, the family and tasks as quickly as he may. The one thing wllich the communal life are the real units. As a general will justify your presence in an old field today is rule it is better to urge the individual to realize the strengthening of the indigenous Church to his Christian duty to the members of his family live its own life and to develop its own institutions and to seek to bring them with him before he is in its own way and with its own personnel. The baptized, for once baptized he will in most cases acid test of work today is whether it can stand be effectively cut off from further influence with alone in the absence of the missionary and withthem. A convert always finds it easier to wind out the help of foreign funds. his family before his baptism than after, and thus the social unit is won. This may mean in- It will be seen that a new missionary's task is no easy one. Every talent will be needed, and the tensive rather than extensive work. For this vital contact with the people the first more he possesses the better. A great deal of the requirement is intimate knowledge of their lan- paraphernalia of modern missions he will find to guage, customs and ways of thinking. To keep be of little use. He will find it best to study the first things first is no easy task. You may find Master's methods and closely follow them. When yourself running a printing press when you could confronted with the difficulties of your task aleasily get the work done elsewhere; you may find ways remember that Christ said, "Lo, I am with yourself hurrying off to a Fair with Gospels, be- you alway, even unto the end of the world." This fore you are able to answer the questions of your alone will give you the true outlook on the situa- hearers. All such activities may fill your day and tion, and will inspire you to press forward with • Condensed from The Burma News. the task of evangelism.

"Growds of young people are awakened to their dire need, and eagerly look to the Church for leadership. In thirteen years in Korea I have never seen such a favorable time as now for direct, aggressive evangelism. Never were the people more eager to hear the good news." -REV. C. C. AMENDT, Konju, Korea.

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Page News-An Airplane Crash*

-ell] By R. W .. HAMBROOK, Washington, D. C. 11Jue– l'". AS A substitute for my chief in the United me to go Home to be with Him or whether he still States Office of Education, I spoke before had more work for me to do. His answer seemed members of the New York Teachers' As- to be that my work on earth was not yet finished, sociation at Syracuse, New York. Having been and therefore I sought His promises and found compelled to sleep on Pullmans for two nights, I comfort in John 15: 7-"If ye abide in me, and decided to return to Washington by air. A plane my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will was to leave at 7: 23 p. m., which would allow me and it shall be done unto you." I searched my own to spend a night in Newark, and reach Washington heart and then I said, "Lord, I will to live, if You the next morning at the same time as by train. will me to live."

It was snowing heavily when I reached the Syra- It may have been seconds or it may have been cuse airport, but the wind was scarcely evident. minutes after we brushed the top of the tree be- About 7: 30, after the pilot fore we struck other trees. We had made careful inquiry re- were in total darkness, but my garding weather conditions The secular press gave con- emotions were not at all disahead, and after being in- tinent-wide front-page dis- turbed, and I was noting carestructed to fly, we left Syra- play to the incident here re- fully the different events cuse with a pilot, co-pilot, and corded. While grateful to the which were taking place. The a passenger co-pilot, and my- men who, on land and in the nose of the plane turned self as the only paying pas- air, ran great risks or endured downwards and struck the senger. real hardships to effect their ground first, and then the We had been flying for rescue, and deeply apprecia- plane settled on the snow as about three-quarters of an tive of those interests, wheth- level as if it had been laid on hour when I became aware er private corporations or special foundations. Immedithat something was wrong. I ately the two pilots rushed indid not know that the left government owned, that· in a to the cabin and asked if anymotor had stopped in conse- single day burned up nine body was hurt. To the astonquence of ice, nor did I know thousand gallons of gasoline ishment of all, not a leg, nor that a small amount of ice had in their efforts to locate them an arm, nor even a finger was formed on the leading edge of by plane, Mr. Hambrook broken, nor was one drop of avows his supreme indebtedthe wings, resulting in de- ness to the Heavenly Father. blood shed, nor was one of us His compensation for the two creased wing efficiency. A days and two nights of phys- in any way stunned. I re- light burning in the front of ical suffering and nervous marked that God had an- the cabin said, in effect, "Do strain lay in the joy that he swered our prayer and had not remove your safety belt had in leading his three com- saved our lives. or smoke as long as this light panions to a saving knowlremains lit"; it had not been edge of Jesus Christ. Gasoline was pouring out of the left tank in the wing. We turned off as is the custom stepped out of the cabin door upon leaving an airport. The into snow almost to our knees cabin was growing cold through lack of heat from and stayed there until all gasoline had ceased run- the exhaust of the left motor. The plane throbbed ning; then we returned to the cabin, turned on somewhat, caused, as I learned later, from the the lights, and made a survey of our situation.

"missing" right motor. This motor had been The two active pilots spent the night in the open, supercharged and was working at its limit, but by the side of a small fire which they had lit, in yet the plane was losing altitude. hopes that someone might have heard the sound The first indication to me that anything serious of our crash and come to rescue us. The passenger was the matter was when we brushed the top of co-pilot and I spent the night in the cabin in a a tree. As a child of God, my thoughts naturally temperature somewhere between freezing and turned to Him, and I asked whether He wished zero.

• Reprinted from The Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada. The next morning the pilot and the passenger [419 ]

co-pilot decided to seek a way out to the north, available. We took the fifteen seat cushions and takmg the airplane compass to guide them. After placed them under our feet and in front and in going about two miles they decided to return be- back of our feet, and then we pulled off the cur- fore becoming completely exhausted. One of the tains from the windows and wrapped them around men decided to repair the radio, and found the our feet. The two blankets we shared among us.

antenna broken, but the battery still in good con- Never shall I forget the misery of that night, dition. Starting the generators, he called Albany, as the temperature reached 15 degrees below zero. giving the number of the plane saying that we I was so cold that it seemed as if my body must were all safe and not injured, stating our altitude, shake to pieces. Only those who have had similar and requesting assistance as soon as possible. experiences can understand what we passed Several calls were made at different intervals for through during that night. We had gone into the the purpose of directing the radio beam to chart cabin shortly after dark, and after we had been our location. shivering for a short time, I began to pray out Fifteen Degrees Below Zero loud, constantly referring to Scripture. I was most grateful that I had stored my memory with During the day a lean-to was made, using sap- multitudes of His promises. The prayers of that lings tied at the top and fastening upon them night have all been answered. We were still cold, fabric torn from the wings and fuselage of the but I learned again the infallible truth of Philipplane. The fabric was tied with strings to the pians 4: 6-7-"In nothing be anxious, but in ev- erything by prayer and supplication, with thankssaplings. giving let your requests be made known unto God, I prayed with the men and asked God to send and the peace of God which passeth all underdeliverance. In addition, I prayed many times standing shall garrison your hearts and your alone. Our lean-to was about ten feet in diameter thoughts in Christ Jesus." His peace filled my and a little over one-half of a circle, but it was soul. somewhat small for the four of us, so several times I left the other three to attempt to make a good Life Out of Death fire where several logs could be pushed together. It was a distressing night. I do not believe any Try as we would, however, we were unable to se- one of us slept for more than a few moments at cure wood that burned brightly, or made smoke. a time. Only God kept us from freezing to death. which would rise above the tops of the trees. A' Many, many times we referred to our watches to foot of snow had fallen during the night, and see how long before morning. Shortly after dawn, with the snow previously on the ground, made a we heard the sound of an airplane. All four of us depth of nearly three feet. With no shovel, no axe, immediately rushed out into the snow to see a and no food to give strength, it proved very ex- plane equipped with skis flying a few hundred hausting to secure wood from under this depth of feet above the trees, less than one-quarter mile snow. Our only means of removing snow was away. Although we waved our arms frantically, sheet metal cowling taken from around the motors. the pilot failed to see us. It seemed as if some of Numbers of times I knelt near this second fire to the 35 to 50 planes which were sent out to rescue plead with God for aid, but the heavens seemed as us were within sight of us a good part of the day.

brass, and no answers came. The sky was overcast When our plane crashed, the interior was in as all day Saturday, and no airplane came within good condition as when we left Syracuse, with the reach. We heard no sound of automobile horn, rail- exception of one seat a leg of which had pushed road train, or airplane. Again and again I sought its way through the floor. We used seat covers to the promises, and my thoughts turned to John 15: protect our ears and to cover our feet to prevent 7. I asked God if I were abiding in the Lord Jesus snow from getting into our shoes. We utilized and if His words were abiding in me, and I asked strips of curtains for tying the seat covers and Him to search my heart and see if anything as yet other material on our feet and legs. One man had was unconfessed to Him. . I wanted nothing to a pair of zipper overshoes, another had a pair of come between myself and God. Still the answers low rubbers, whereas the other two had nothing did not come. . more than low shoes. Pillow cases, towels and We made our plans for Saturday night so that pillows were all put into service in some way, we could secure as much protection from the cold Even the parcel rack material was ripped from its and assist each other, as far as possible. It was place and made into leggings and foot coverings.

impossible to secure wood enough to burn The leather backs of the pilot seats made good throughout the night. We could light no fire in the leggings when tied with strips of curtain material.

cabin without burning it. None of the fifteen seats One of the men said he was tempted to chew on could be removed because there were no tools the leather before using it for leggings, but de-

FRONT PAGE NEWS – AN AIRPLANE CRASH

cided the dye might be poisonous. Strange to say ferred to John 1: 12 again. He replied, "A son of we were not conscious of hunger. God." I asked whether he would thank God for this fact in his own words, and there in that deep About ten o'clock Sunday morning two of us de- snow, he, with a towel bound around his head, and cided that we had better make one more attempt I with a seat cover over my head, with our hats at finding our way out. Consequently we fitted off, he expressed his appreciation to God for the ourselves up to walk through the deep snow. We fact that he was now a child of God. had pushed through the deep snow, over huge fallen logs, over small hills and into hollows, for We trudged along. The thrill of that moment about a mile. Before leaving our camp I had asked is with me as I write. Numbers of times as we God (according to James 1: 5, 6), to give wisdom walked along my companion said, "Mr. Hamand to show us a way out, that we might bring brook, it seems so different n9w." help to the other two left behind. We stopped to rest a moment, and I challenged my companion, We came to what seemed to us a swamp. The saying, "lam concerned about your soul. Are you really satisfied that all is well?" He replied, MR. HAMB'ROOK WELCOMED HOMill AFTER THE CRASH "No, Mr. Hambrook, I am not satisfied." "Then," I said, "what is to prevent you from snow was deep, but we could travel in a straight making things right now, before we go any line. At one point, my pilot friend all of a sudden farther?" He replied, "Nothing, if you will slipped into water up to his knees. Wet legs and show me how." zero weather do not go very well together, so we turned back and continued on the same side of You can imagine the delight that was mine in the swamp until we reached a deer trail, the only knowing how to show him the way to salvation. sign of animal life that we had seen. While we I began with John 1: 12-"But as many as re- were contemplating crossing the swamp, our skiceived him, to them gave he power to become equipped airplane flew nearby, but failed to see us, the sons of God, even to them that believe on although later he told of seeing our trail in the his name." Then I explained by John 1: 1-3- snow. "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the Word was God; the same was in the beginning with God; all things were made by him and without him was not anything made that was made" – whom it was that should be received-that it was Deity, the Christ of God. Then I passed on to John 1 : 14, "And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth," and pointed out from this the manhood of Christ. From there I referred to John 1 : 29, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world," and explained how the blood of Christ was necessary to take away sin. Next reference was made to Romans 10: 9, 10, "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead thou shalt be saved; for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."

The question was put: "Will you accept the Lord Jesus Christ as your Saviour?" He immediately said, "I will." I then asked him if he would tell God this fact. He said he would repeat after me in sincerity such prayer as I would present to God. We both prayed around the Scriptures referred to above, and ended by a statement something like this, "I, in this snow, among these trees, accept You, Lord Jesus, as my Saviour." Immediately I asked him, "What are you now?" and re-

It was suggested that we go back to camp be- in 25 degrees below zero temperature. How we fore exhaustion was complete. God said, "Go back. thanked God for men with hearts like these men There are two more in the camp whom you must who rescued us. lead to Christ." We reached camp about 1: 30 p. m., and immediately I put the same questions to Between one and two o'clock in the morning, one of the other men, with the same result. At seven of the men went back, and two remained 1: 45 the third pilot came into our lean-to and I with us all night. After a while one of the pilots put the same questions to him, discussed the same said, "Don't you think we ought to thank God for Scripture passages, received the same replies from this?" So he prayed, and I prayed, and the other him. two prayed, thanking God for His wondrous kind- ness in saving us in our hour of need. Then I began to understand why God had not answered the praye'rs which had gone up to Him At eleven o'clock, an army plane flew overhead for rescue. Now all four of us were members of and dropped a parachute of food for us. Early the body of Christ and could go tod-od' in unity the next morning another plane dropped another and make request for rescue. We prayed around parachute and now we had enough food to start our small fire and told God that we needed His aid, a restaurant. In the morning men returned with that we had done all we knew how toward our a toboggan, boots, woollen socks, and other things, rescue, but now that He must take action. We to bring us out of the woods. The pilot was carrequested God to send help before midnight, as we ried on the toboggan; the co-pilot walked most of felt that some of us would have passed· into death the way, but was very weak, having bruised his before morning. face and injured his jaw in the crash.

It was growing colder every minute. The situa- On our way into Morehouseville, I was privition looked hopeless; but our trust was in God. leged to talk to the leader of the men who reached At dusk, when it seemed as if all search would us the night before. After discussing the same cease, we heard the noise of an airplane over- Scriptures with him, he held out his hand and head, and then saw its lights. As hastily as said, "I'll do that," and there in those woods, he fatigued bodies would allow, two of the men se- accepted Christ as his Saviour, and lifted his cured gasoline and threw it upon a tree, and then voice in gratitude to God. with an ember from the fire, lighted it. The flare attracted the attention of the pilot, and he began An ambulance was waiting for us at Moreto make circles around us. Our joy can be imag- houseville to take those who needed it to the hosined, for we knew that he would immediately radio pital. The two of us who had walked the entire to our relatives and friends that we were safe. way rode in the doctor's car to St. Elizabeth's All of us stood by the flare to indicate I'tliat all Hospital in Utica, where I shaved myself, took a four were able to stand up. bath, and left Utica on a plane at about six o'clock for Washington. The bad weather forced us down Saved At Last at Newark, and it was necessary for me to con- tinue to Washington by train. The first plane left us, after dropping a flare, but soon afterwards another airplane appeared. Was it worth it? An $80,000 plane was de- We did not know just what he was doing, but he stroyed except for some parts salvaged. The four continued flying over and at about 10 :,30 we heard of us suffered untold agony for two days and two a shot, then a shout.' Two of the men~n our party nights. Our relatives and friends went through went outside and shot off their revO,lvers, while great anxiety. Nine thousand gallons of gasoline two of us stayed in the lean-to next'~ to the fire. were consumed in one day by airplanes searching Never shall I forget how my whole being sobbed for us. in gratitude to God -for bringing aid.~ Jesus said, "What shall it profit a man if he In a few moments, nine men reached us, bring- gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" ing hot coffee, chocolate, bread, sandwiches, wool- (Mark 8: 36). If it ,had cost the whole world to len socks, blankets, and other things to make us win those souls, it would have been worth it. comfortable. Soon a big warm fire was burning and we were chewing slowly on the food. These Since the accident happened one of the pilots men did not know then that they were answering has publically given his testimony many times and our request to God in bringing help, for only those his :wife has recently been converted. A recent acquainted with these Adirondack woods can rea- letter from one of the men ends: "May God bless lize what it means to tramp through the deep snow you for showing me the Way." One of the resat night over rough ground for four or five miles cuers writes : "We rescued us and then you res- cued me." • Your cooperation in giving this thrilling testimony a wide distribution is most heartily invited. Price per copy 10c, 3 for 25c, I would not go through the experience again for $7.50 per hundred. Evangelical Publishers, 366 Bay Street, Toronto, millions of dollars, but I believe I would go Canada. through it again if' God wanted in that way to bring one more soul to Him.*

Challenge of Changing

An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress. Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 3, 1935 By GEORGE CRAIG STEWART Bishop of Chicago M EN talk of a coming revolution in the world from now on there's going to be a change!'" It order. We are in it. Men speak of the would be a dull world if there were no change. Day of Judgment. It is here. I entered It would be a mad world if there were no stability.

college in 1895. Christmas Ev·e of that year 2. Well, there is no danger of a static world. marked, I suppose, a very definite gateway into This era of ours is a very helter-skelter of change. a new universe so vast, and subtle and mysterious And I am glad to be alive in it. It is exciting, adthat all our conceptions have had to be recast. In venturous, perilous, challenging, and that fits my 1900 the dictionary did not include "radio" or religion. (Sometimes you know I am called a high "movie" or "chauffeur" or "aviator" or "jazz" or churchman. Very well, we have in the Episcopal "hijacker" or "rum-runner" or "income tax" or Church an interesting triplet,-"Low and lazy, "parcel post" or "fundamentalist" or "bolshevist" broad and hazy, high and crazy.") or "quantum theory,"-Pas rei. "Everything flows." The map of the world, the map of the uni- Jesus Christ came into the world to change it, verse; the map of life changes before the ink is to change lives, to change attitudes, to change indry on your old one. It is bewildering. And the stitutions, to change human relationships, to main features of these changes are- change the world. He refuses to be pocketed by any party or by any "ism," but He is and always 1. The narrowing world of communications. has been a revolutionary. Wherever He is the en- 2. The new emphasis upon the common welfare vironment changes. And there is no place in His of all the race. discipleship for those who want to settle on the 1. Now there is something in us that resists lees. "Let the dead bury their dead," He says, "go change and also something that demands it. Here thou and preach tbe kingdom." are two fundamental human bents-one for things as they are; one for things as they ought to be The kingdom is fresh seed planted in every and are to be. One side of us is with the past and soil and growth is change. It is light for every conservatism- darkness, and light is lively. I see the economic and social and political upheavals, the scientific So was it when my life began and philosophical and religious shifts and up- So is it when I am a man, heavals in the world today as the signs of God shaking the earth, sifting the nations, breaking up So be it when I shall grow old the old stale modes of thought, tearing down and one side of us is with the restless spirits who Rejoice that man is hurled, withering and sterile relics of empty tradition, From change to change unceasingly, and pouring His spirit into men, imperatively de- manding life-life more abundant. And to you His soul's wings never furled.

If one side of us has all the say we become old, and me He comes challenging us as His followers static, obfuscous, obscurantist, fossilized. If the sayingother has all the say we become noisy nuisances Look to your faith! Is it so anremic that it will committed to what Walter Raleigh called "the not stand going out of doors where the bright idiotic simplicity of the revolutionary idea." light of science beats and the tearing gales of a I remember once down in Memphis, Tennessee, new naturalism and skepticism come out of the many, many years ago hearing a Baptist orator northeast? A challenge faces your Christian eth- preaching a very eloquent sermon. He was all ics which you say are based on the character of flame. The only thing I remember was this, that God-can they stand the tests of new social vision, he compared England with America. "In Eng- or will they capitulate and be revealed as only a land," said he, "they say, 'as it was in the begin- kind of protective coloring for the old order?

ning, is now, and ever shall be:' but in America Is your Church the Body of Christ with the we say, 'As it was in the beginning, is now, but wounds full of the power of crucifixion and resur- [423 ]

rection, or is it a "subsidy of Caiaphas" and a bul- There is a crisis here today in the world. There wark of the privileged class? A challenge to your was once a crisis in Jerusalem. Uzziah the great creed! Is it the dry bones of formula, or is it the statesman king was dead. Then a young man, beblood in your spiritual veins, beating through your wildered like the rest, went to the temple to ask reason and firing your will? Can it be said of us God to raise up some one on whom they could lean. as of the apostles-"they thfl,t have turned the And suddenly God spoke to him. "Why not you ?" world upside down are come hither also"? The other day a young man, a Christian, came to me and said-"I believe the time is ripe for some 3. John Buchan, the new Governor-General of young man who actually believes in the risen and Canada, has just written another book-since his contemporary and reigning Christ to rise up and "Cromwell"-I mean "The People's King"-in sweep all young men of the country into following honor of the 25th anniversary of his gracious Him in establishing His kingdom." I said, "Why majesty, King George V. And in that book he not you?" brilliantly reviews the Georgian Era and its changes. Indeed he begins with 1834-100 years After all when I see Jesus Christ coming down ago, with a picture of young Gladstone and his the center of the world's stage the kindest, friendfirst t,erm in Parliament. Gladstone was only 25 liest, cleanest, gr,eatest, noblest, grandest figure years old. He returned to spend a week-end in of all ages, I observe that what He is really about Oxford. And what do you think his diary reveals? is calling for leaders. "Will you come? Will you He spent the week-end reading. Reading what? follow Me?" Pickering on "Adult Baptism!" "The name of the book," says Buchan, "moves me like a spell. And suddenly I hear a vulgar Philistine's Preposterous and yet magnificent! The symbol modern note, "What'll we get out of it?" of a lost security of soul long ago dropped by the wayside!" Then Buchan goes on to show the de- And His reply is the kind that challenges all veloping skepticism and religious languor of the that is finest in man-"Get out of it? You'll sleep end of the century. The manly humility, called the with me in the bracken. 'Foxes have holes and the fear of God, began to disappear. And then the birds have nests, but I have not where to lay my war-August 4, 1914. Sir Edward Gray looking head? Are you game? Drink a bitter cup! I out from his window in the Foreign Office as the must drink it. Are you able? I must go to the lights sprang out of the dusk said, "The lamps are cross and my followers too. Loneliness. Scorn. going out all over Europe: we shall never see them Opposition. Hatred. Death. Will you come?" lit again in our life-time." And then came the crashing of thrones and the filling of a world with "What if we are alone, and don't know the the noise and dust of them. And following the way?" war, the disintegration of morals, the flood of cloacal fiction, and petty petulant poetry, and joy- "I am the way. I will be with you to the ages of less gaity, and everywhere the familiar cliches ages." of decadence. "Where shall we go?" But now out of the depression-to be seen in facism, in communism, in nazism-everywhere "To the ends of the earth!" youth is springing forward with fresh willingness to sacrifice, with idealisms not to be denied, with "What shall we do?" a demand that the spirit shall be recognized. "Heal the sick, teach the good news, baptize 4. There is in the Christian faith the stability them into me and my kingdom !" not of stubborn death but of growing life. The larger universe has not destroyed God but enlarged You know what happened; a Power that went God. We need a bigger God than we have like wind and fire through Syria, through Greece, dreamed, and how the world today leaps to re- through Rome, and when Rome fell gripped the ceive Him. invaders, swept through France, England, Ire- land, Scotland, leaped to America, and is this Christ, as Tertullian said, is "not convention very day changing not only individual lives but but Truth." His shoulder, as Francis Thompson society itself in every part of the earth. said, is "too high for me to lean upon it," and yet how He stoops to us! Jesus Christ is bigger, vast- David Livingstone said, "We will go anywhere er, than we have dared to think, and yet as ever provided it be forward." I think of the three available to the hllmblest. The challenge is not young men who faced a wonderful picture in one from the new world to Him, but from Him to you of the galleries of Europe, "Come unto me." In it and me. one can see the sick, the sinful, the discouraged, the worldly -coming. But one young man stood longer than the rest searching the eyes of Christ, and letting his soul come up and speak and finally that young man did speak,- "0 Man of Galilee if I can help you in your great world job, count on me!"

– ¥;II &IA $

PAPAU TA CHAPEL – I N TERIOR; ALL-SAMOAN DESI GN A N D WOR KMANSHIP Building an All–Samoan Chapel * By EVELYN A. DOWNS 1·- L. M. S. Missionary, Papauta, Western Samoa ~==========================~ PAPAUTA L. M. S. Girls' School in Samoa is asked for a plan and took it away to consider now forty-three years old, and all through whether it could be constructed. A few days later those years the church services have been held he returned full of enthusiasm, saying that he and in the big schoolroom. The teachers and mis- his fifty men were ready to start immediately.

sionaries have talked often of a beautiful Samoan They would cut all the materials out of the forest, cruciform building for a church, in which only and would try to make everything as perfect as Samoan materials and workmanship should be possible. We had no idea of beginning so soon, used. but we felt that the opportunity might not come With this object the girls planted sugarcane again. So within a week we had fifty men in the two years ago, so that there should be plenty of compound with our plantation men. The old chiefs thatch if ever the dream were realized. At the of Saanapu decided to come to keep the boys in same time they began to plait sinnet from the order, and direct the work. The men were with husk of the coconut, for there are no nails in a us for six weeks and we had services together '

Samoan building; everything is bound together every Sunday. The boys as well as our own school- with miles of string. They are optimists, for girls caught the spirit of working joyfully to the times are hard in Samoa and at the beginning of glory of God. As the building grew, all seemed 1934 the church building seemed a far-away pos- to be conscious of the peace that pervaded it.

sibility. But God rebuked faintheartedness. The The foundation of a Samoan house is laid last sugarcane flourished as never before and the beau- of all. The heavy posts are first put in place, the tiful leaves were ready for mak,ing into thatch. beams hoisted on primitive levers made from Food plantations yielded more taro and bananas than usual, so that there was plenty of food for boughs of trees, and bound firmly to the tops of the carpenters who would live on the estate while the posts. After that all the work is in the roof. working. In June a famous Samoan carpenter We assembled for the raising of the first post, from the village of Saanapu, Iuma by name, came sang a hymn, and the Samoan translation of "God over the hills to visit and I asked him to come to be in my head and in my understanding." The talk of something new. There has never before posts are the trunks of large breadfruit trees been a Samoan building made with transepts. He brought down from our hillside plantations. The great crossbeams are coconut logs.

• R eprinted from The Ohr oni cle; April , 1935. While the young men were doing this heavy [425 ]

THE NEW CHURCH AT PAPAUTA WITH TRANSEPTS, PAPAUTA, SAMOA work, the older men sat under the trees and made Government High School offered to bring the the ribs for the roof, a long, tedious piece of work, while others shaped and spliced the rounded ends earth, and to build up the outside platform. The of the building. This was expert work, for all shaping was from rough logs, and measurements building looked something like a giant anthill, as only by eye. the two hundred boys and our own one hundred We had prepared 20,000 yards of sinnet (string), but we soon realized that there was not and fifty girls rushed backwards and forwards nearly enough. It is an expensive item if it has to be bought so we challenged the girls and asked carrying baskets of soil. them to make as much as they could in a week out-of-school hours. The compound resounded The girls had to go to a part of the beach nine with the thud of beating coconut husk, for the husk had to be gathered, washed, beaten, and miles away for a special kind of grey pebble for rolled before the plaiting could be started. Everyone, big and little, walked round for that week the surface, a species much admired by the with a bundle of husk, and the length of string grew steadily. There was tense excitement when Samoans. lit took two days to gather enough for we measured it a week later; even the tiny girls brought a few yards as their contribution. Alto- forty lorry loads. The village near by entertained gether they had made 26,000 yards in that one week and the sinnet, used in the entire building, the girls, and helped them with the work. is twenty-eight miles in length. The outside posts of the chapel are tree ferns, The girls also undertook to make the thatch, which is the leaf of the sugarcane twisted on to with a beautiful, rounded surface. There are a pieces of wild bamboo two and a half feet long. Some went into the forest to cut the bamboo, while hundred altogether, and they had to be brought others gathered the dried leaves of sugarcane. There are 8,000 pieces of thatch on the roof, made from a forest on a hill ten miles away. by the schoolgirls themselves. The girls helped also to make the lattice work When the building was completed, the next consideration was the floor, which must first be made and blinds, which are slats cut from the slender with heavy rocks, with a layer of beaten earth, and finally covered with a layer of small pebbles some wild coconut and bound together with string. six inches deep. The students of Malue offered to put in a day bringing up the heavy stones which They designed and made the basketwork lampthe girls could not lift; they worked very hard, but it was a merry time. Then the boys of the shades which cover the electric light and match the general scheme of the building.

To stain the woodwork we made a varnish from the bark of the mangrove, and darkened it, as it is red, with lampblack made from the candlenut.

There is very little furniture needed in our chapel, for the congregation sit in Samoan style on the floor for which old Papauta girls in the Tokelau Islands have made beautiful mats. The pulpit is of pomuli, a Samoan forest tree and the log had to be brought several miles. This was the gift of a friend of the school. , Now this truly Samoan chapel lies in the shadow of Vaea Hill, where sleeps Robert Louis Stevenson in his grave "Under the wide and starry sky"; and in front stretches a wide view of the sea beyond the white waves breaking on the coral reef.

Situation in Korea*

By C. BURNELL OLDS, Japan -<I£( Missionary of the American Board T HE process of Japanese assimilation is go- city of 150,000, are seventeen flourishing Pres- ing on in as healthy fashion as could be ex- byterian churches, half of them organized within pected. I heard some complaint from the the last fifteen years, while within the suburban missionaries that the attitude of the government area of the city are twenty-;five Presbyterian in compelling conformity to her program of shrine churches, with 350 country churches of the same worship and reverence for the Japanese soldiers denomination in the province.

who had been killed in battle in Manchuria, was On Sunday morning, in visiting half a dozen of not wise. these churches at the hour of Sunday school, I The government is making great strides in the found practically the whole church constituency Japanization of the population through her diligently engaged in the study of the Bible. No educational program. During the last year the church member or church adherent, old or young, number of primary schools under government is regarded as in good standing if he was not a supervision increased from 4,000 to 7,000. As regular attendant at Sunday school. In the first practically all the instruction in these schools is church visited, 1,115 children were gathered in carried on in the Japanese language this means well-organized classes, during the first hour of the that Japanese is fast becoming the language of morning, followed, the next hour, by 709 adult the country. women, while during the last hour, just before Since Japan is planning evidently to take over noon, there were 344 men gathered for their reg- into her own hands as rapidly as possible the en- ular class work. This made a total attendance at tire educational enterprise in Korea, the mission- Sunday school that morning in that one church, ary enterprise will of necessity have to undergo of 2,168, and that was only an average day.

considerable change. At present a number of sec- The preaching service is held regularly in the afternoon, but since this was a special day, in ondary and higher mission schools are doing work honor of the meeting of the General Assembly, a great mass meeting of all the Presbyterian of such excellent quality that the government may churches in the city was held on the playground of one of the large schools belonging to the misnot be able soon to dispense with them, but even- sion, and it was estimated that there were between 12,000 and 15,000 people present at that service. tually her own system will be so far perfected as This was followed by a parade through the city, in which some five or six thousand people parto make it difficult for privately controlled schools ticipated. Such is the strength of the Presby- terian church in that city, to say nothing of the to continue. Even now students of mission work of the Methodist churches which is, in some respects equally strong. The point to be noted is schools are put to a great disadvantage in view the universal emphasis put upon the work of the Sunday school, as the training school of the of the preferential treatment given to all grad- church. I was interested also to see how well or- ganized the work seemed to be. The classes uates from the government system. seemed to average between ten and twenty mem- bers, but even so, regardless of the large number The missionary in Korea, as compared with of teachers required, there seemed to be no dearth of teacher material. Hundreds of the teachers, I Japan, occupies a position of predominant in- was told, came from the boys' and girls' schools that the mission has in the city for some ninety fluence, though undoubtedly that is waning rather per cent of the student body in these schools is Christian and most of them are engaged in Sunthan waxing. The Korean Christians are begin- ning to chafe under the missionary's too persistent exercise of control.

One cannot but be impressed by the amazing efficiency of the organization that the missionaries have built up during this first fifty years in the Christian movement in Korea. • I was especially impressed by the strength of the organization built up by the Presbyterians and by the efficiency of the method developed by them.

To see the work of the Northern Presbyterians one needs to go to Pyengyang, the largest Pres- byterian mission station in the world. Here, in a • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly. day school work.

[427 ] Effective Ways of Working j 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================~====~======~ HOME MISSION STUDY the teachings of Christ are sufficient your church, locally and as a denomi- for meeting all the problems of the col- COURSES nation? lective life." 2. List activities and accomplish- The books issued annually for Devotional theme for the Course: the United Mission Study courses ments of your church which are funhave become increasing popular, "There remaineth very much land to damentally home mission and give not only for use in church or com- be possessed." Josh. 13: 1 c. (R. V.). reasons. List agencies in your community schools of missions but munity which illustrate the broader also in group study in Sunday Course Hymn: "America, the Beau- definition. Discuss the relation of the school, discussion sessions of the prayer meeting, as a basis for tiful." local church to these. programs in young people's and The Study Involves: A review of 3. Debate: The Church should conwomen's missionary organizations, and even as source mate- the pioneer home mission enterprise; fine itself to inspiring people to prorial for the pastor's sermons. Coupled with the reading courses an analysis of recent trends in our na- mote such activities as health and recin vogue in nearly all denomina- tional life as affecting and affected by reation centers, settlements, hospitals tions, they have made themselves the Christian Church; an appraisal of and clinics, rather than to engage in felt in church finances. One na- the present home missions program; a them as an organization. tional secretary of missionary consideration of the enterprise "in reeducation said that in her de- lation to the total task of the Church 4. Discuss the relation of the church nomination the relationship be- and to the inclusive purposes of the as an organization toward such evils tween study and financial re- Christian religion as these are under- as bad housing, civic corruption, liquor turns was direct and unquestion- stood and accepted by the Church." able. Whatever division of opin- and narcotics traffic, unwholesome ion there might be on the ques- Aims of the Course: tion of the continuance of for- 1. To review the history of home amusements, etc. eign missions, there surely can missions as a background for ap- 5. Make a study of one large city, be none as to the practical value praisal of the needs and opportunities of the home bookS" this year. indicating in parallel columns causes They have been linked up di- of the present. rectly with social, economic and 2. To consider the extent to which for growth, effect on industry, culture. religious issues of dominant im- distribution of population, etc., and portance. the existing home missions program is ways in which the Church tried to supplying spiritual ministry in Amer- meet new problems. Make a similar Toward a Christian America ican life. study of one rural field. by Hermann N. Morse affords 3. To define and assume our indi- Chapters 5 and 6 aim to discover excellent study or discussion material. Mrs. B. P. Heubner, of vidual Christian responsibilities in the areas in need of evangelization and to Galesburg, Illinois, sends the outline used by her as instructor in enterprise. evaluate the means available to meet the Boulder, Colorado, Summer Chapters 1 and 2 aim to discover the School of Missions. Only a few the needs. high lights can be used in our home mission motive and trace the be- Devotional Theme: "That all may limited space; but those wishing ginnings of the efforts. to secure the full outline may know Him." Rom. 10: 13-15. have it at cost price plus postage, Devotional The me: Yesterday's 15 cents, addressing her at 56 E. Spiritual Frontiers. Rom. 1: 13-25 Assignments: Fremont Street. (R. V.). 1. List methods used by your local The Key Quotation was: Home mis- Special Assignments and Devices: sions must think of the salvation of so- 1. A brief history of your church in 'churches to win men to Christ and conciety as well as of individuals, and that sider their effectiveness. America with attention to extensions in its program. 2. Original dramatization: A local church official board meeting with pas- 2. "The Missions Map Grows"-a tor discussing such questions as:- chalk talk indicating the settlement of How many of the present membership emigrants, approximate dates, indus- of this church are active in its work? tries affected by their coming and cor- How many do not attend services, give responding- missionary expansion. financial support or show interest in its program? Are there unchurched 3. Reading'S or dramatizations from people in the community? How can "We Must March" (Honore Morrow.). they be reached? What is our respon- sibility in their evangelization? In re- 4. "The March of Time," introduc- ing' the characters of Chapter 2. enlisting those on the membership list? 3. A review of your denomination's 5. "Thumb-nail statements" of pres- ent status of pioneer stations reviewed Christian Americanization work. in this session. 4. Story hour period of "human in- Chapters 3 and 4 aim to comprettend terest" narratives from such fields as the broadening scope of the ChurCh's function in American life. this session considers. 5. A thought question: Should the Devotional Themes: Today's Spir- itual Frontiers. Matt. 6: 33. (See Church carryon any activity which is text, p. 56.). The Christian as Inter- not in some way, directly or indirectly, preter. Isa. 40: 3. evangelistic? Chapters 7 and 8 survey the Church's Assignments: ministry of practical service as now 1. How have the forces summarized conducted and consider its relationship on page 52 affected the program of to the extension of a social welfare [428 ] program.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Devotional Theme: Jesus' posses- year was "Looking Upward- York City, marking package "Books sion of "new land" through service. Claiming Spiritual Treasures in for the Philippines," as many commu- Matt. 4: 23. (a) Bible Study; (b) Prayer nities are bookless although the people and Intercession; (c) Devo- love to read. Arrange a shower of Assignments: tional Books." This year's em- books and magazines (and magazine phasis is upon "Reaching Out- subscriptions.) for home mission insti- 1. Compile a list of home mISSIon ward-Seeking Living Treas- tutions. service agencies in your state. Is ure." The climactic note in 1936there duplication with similar govern- 1937 will be "Moving Forward- Set up an inquiry as to recreational mental or public agencies? Sharing Love's Treasures." This advantages, hospital facilities, etc., for year's emphasis is timely in view otHer racial or national groups in your 2. Use electrified map locating serv- of the study topics: "For the community and bring pressure to corice projects in your denomination. As ultimate measure of both our rect any inequalities. each light is flashed on, have a brief work in the homeland and our sketch of that project. Impersonate mission in Latin America must Sponsor a Church School of Misworkers at the various stations, giving be in terms of human lives and sions. information in the first person. human relationships. To a large degree the early exploration and Plan a Pan-American evening with 3. Review or readings from "Nurses colonization of the American an exhibit of pictures and objects illuson Horseback" (Ernest Boole) or continent were motivated by the trating home life, etc., in Latin Amer- "Clever Country" (Carolyn Gardner). search for material treasure. It ican countries and have a program in is the high mission of the Church keeping. 4. "Relay story," given like relay to rediscover America in terms race, of "Quare Women" or "The Glass of her living treasure." Coordinated with these programs is Window" (Lucy Furman). a leaflet packet interpreting each The September to January outlines month's theme by discussions, drama- 5. Exhibit of handicraft stimulated feature "Treasures at Our Door- tizations, stories, book reviews, panel by missions among Indians, Southern Awaiting the Pioneer": "In Rural discussions, conversations, selected Mountain People, West Indians, Mexi- Areas," "In Areas of Attitude and Ac- poems and the like, furnishing good cans and urban centers, its discussion tion" and "In the Paths of Peace." material for any denomination willing creating atmosphere and imparting in- Among the questions for personal to substitute its own specifics. formation about the various peoples. preparation are: Address the Society at Missions Chapters 9 and 10 appraise the prog- Do I, as an individual, enjoy any Building, 222 Downey Ave., Indianress made toward accomplishment of benefits as the result of home mis- apolis, Ind. the ultimate objectives of home mis- sions? What? sions. BULLETIN NUMBER Is my community a friendly place for Devotional Theme: Possessions to- the representatives of the various THREE gether in His Name. Heb. 11: 40 b; races and nations? Joshua 13: 1 c. Those who have used Bulletins How would these groups answer the Number One and Two of the Pro- Assignments: same question? fessional Advisory Section on Missionary Education of the In- 1. Survey of local social welfare A Christian order of society: what ternational Council of Religious agencies from standpoints of coopera- does this involve in regard to church Education (and the secretary retion, duplication or overlooking, and unity, race relations, housing, economic ports a large number of orders adequacy in meeting needs. conditions, etc.? from readers of THE REVIEW) will find the third issue, which 2. List important tasks in your com- What elements in our national life came out in July, of even greater munity which are done cooperatively retard efforts toward world peace? value, since it fits in with the two by churches and which can be consid- study themes for this year and ered as home mission tasks according January to June outlines feature provides excellent auxiliary and to the interpretation in this course, "Treasures Next Door-the Lay of the source material instead of spegiving attention to any tasks at- Land" : "Beyond the Rio Grande," cific methods as heretofore. It tempted competitively. "The Pearl of the Caribbean," "Cos- reports the main addresses given mopolitan Argoentina." "Libertv-Lov- at the February meeting of the 3. Study one cooperative orgoaniza- ing Paraguay" and "Treasures Sought Council and falls under the foltion like the Home Missions Council, and Found." Some of the questions lowing four heads: Federal Council of Churches, Mission- are: ary Education Movement, etc. 1. The address of Dr. T. P. H. What effect do the economic condi- Sailer of the Missionary Educa- 4. In parallel columns list the rela- tions of Puerto Rico have upon the tion Movement, on "The Situative advantages and disadvantages of Church? tion in China" and starts from denominational emphasis in the home this keynote: "The Chinese mission enterprise; of interdenomina- Has our country's attitude in the Church is too frequently giving tional cooperation. conflict between Paragouay and Bolivia its efforts to an imitation of been consistent with the teachings of the conventional forms of the 5. Discuss: If it could be demon- our missions? Church in the West rather than strated that it would be for the g'ood studying and meeting needs. of the cause of Christ in your com- How can the U. S. as a nation pro- Many Christian leaders, Chinese munity if your church were' disbanded mote friendly relations with Latin and foreign, gave testimony to and the members taken into another American peoples? this effect. . . . What should Protestant church, what &r'!'Uments be the Christian policy under for and against the plan would you ad- Some of the projects under "Reach- such circumstances?" The disvance? ing' Outwprd" are: cussion of this theme and also of Mrs. Heubner's complete outline Seek living treasures in your own gives many more assiO'nments and a church and community in a quest for very comprehensive biblioO'r3nhv. Ex- those who will share actively in memcerpts from her course on "Christi3n bership and service. youth in Action," l1S taugoht in July, at Lake Koronis, Minnesota, will ap- Send stories, books of travel, biogpear next month. raphy, handicrafts, the classics, etc., to the Methodist Episcopal Board of For- SEF.'KTN''''- T.TVTNG eign Missions, 150 Fifth Ave., New TREASURE Th~ United Chrh;tlan Mi<1sionary Society is working- lln~er a three-year program on "Treasure Seeking." The keynote last

the situation in Japan is detailed tive outline last year, their sub- -may be used to paste little outand authoritative and throws ject matter being divided into line bottles on whenever mismuch light on the matter of "Re- five- and ten-minute talks: sion stations at definite points Thinking Missions." are mentioned. Contrast with Opportunity. Vast, unchristianized the size of the world the few sta- 2. A panel discussion of home regions of our country considered and tions we maintain. missions participated in by Dr. pressing needs emphasized. Charles H. Heimsath; Dr. W. R. Expressional work may well King, Executive Secretary of the Charity. Large amount used in be the dressing of nurse and doc- Home Missions Council; Dr. J. medical mission work, etc. Brand in- tor dolls or the makiing of scrap- L. Lobinger, Chairman of the dispensable. books for children in hospitals Department of World Fellowship either here or in foreign lands. in the Congregational Education Spirituality. None of better quality. Visiting a real hospital, if one is Society; Miss Anne Seesholtz, Its company endeavors to make brand available, and making sunshine Executive Secretary of the Coun- more popular especially with students. boxes (filled with little toys, letcil of Women for Home Mis- (Deals with religious education, evan- ters, pictures, cards, etc., done sions; Rev. J. S. Stowell, Direc- gelism, etc.) up in separate packages and tor of Publicity of the M. E. marked to be opened at different Board of Home Missions, as well Unity. Increasing demand for this times) for use among crippled or as a number of people in the au- brand. Its lack one of greatest deter- charity patients would be a dience, the report indicating the rents to foreign missionary progress. prime expression. Some patients several contributions by identify- would be allowed to have fruits ing designations. Finer mate- Prosperity. Comparatively modern and candies. Playing games rial on the theme, "What is the brand grown by horticulturists under with the patients in hospitals for future of Home Missions in the direction of Christiani-tea Company. cripples is another activity, the light of the increased emphasis (Agricultural missions.) games being, of course, all of a on social relations"? can scarcely sort to be played sitting still. be found anywhere, and not only Brands of rival companies laymen but pastors and teachers were: Conformity (custom-fol- A suitable program for the inof mission study classes will lowing, as in China); Modernity spirational meeting might be as benefit by reading it carefully. (young China's flair for new follows : ventures); Infidelity (Russian 3. The address by Rev. S. brand in particular). A Chinese Hymn, "Rescue the Perishing," or Franklin Mack of the Presbyte- figure cut out of wall paper was "The Great Physician," followed by rian Board of Foreign Missions used to carry the program, name prayer. on his recent trip taking motion and date of each meeting being pictur€;s in Latin America for inscribed. Devotional lesson on "Jesus heals use in the interdenominational and then the disciples try." study of the current year dis- Crusaders of Compassion cusses at length (a) "The Re- Discussion of Presbyterian (or ligious Sit u a t ion in Latin This program for Juniors may whatever the denomination may be) America," and (b) "Protestant be held out of doors around a hospitals around the world, using map Achievements and Prospects" in camp fire, hence it fits in well as indicated. a fine, appreciative critique. with the present season. Stories of medical missionaries, taken Prayer for the sick, doctors, nurses, 4. A discussion by Dr. and from study books or the pam- native helpers, salvation of souls Mrs~D. C. Baldwin of their work phlet literature of your denom- through this ministry of healing, etc. among college students in Amer- ination may be divided into secica, with a view to throwing light tions and assigned to good talkers Dramatizations of little medical mison the facts as obtained from the in the membership; or if the sion incidents, in costume, may be students themselves, facing and stories seem a bit long, invite made very effective. analyzing the difficulties and sug- some intermediate members to gesting ways of meeting them. tell them. Seat audience around -Adapted from outlines by Miss College pastors and counselors a camp fire and have recreational M. Katherine Harris, in will find this particularly helpful. songs for the warming-up, then "World Comrades." lead into a good hymn before be- The mimeographed fourteen- ginning the program. After the J. Hudson Taylor said that the page report is sold at the cost story-telling, s,ing again, then following are necessary to the price of 25 cents. Address Miss quietly have your Scripture equipment of a missionary: Ruth HeinmiIIer, 2969 West 25th study and close with a prayer St., Cleveland, Ohio. before the social f eat u res. A life yielded to God and controlled Toasted marshmallows make a Christiani-tea Company good climax. Another group by His Spirit. might use the topic, "Bibles and The women of the First Bap- Pill Bottles," the program being A restful trust in God for the supply tist church of Hillsdale, Mich- written on paper cut in the igan, used the following attrac- shape of a pill bottle with pic- of all needs. tures of hospitals, nurses, etc., pasted on duplicate pages tied A sympathetic spirit and a willing- together with the colors of the organization. A good map of the ness to take a lowly place. world – homemade or otherwise Tact in dealing with men and adap- tability to circumstances. .

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

Love for communion with God and for the study of His Word.

Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home.

A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

~'====~~====='~

BULLETIN OF ; The Council of Women for Home Missions ~=I=============================I~ ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK'

Setting-Up Conference for group their experiences, point- The discussion of the use of ing out the importance of the re- the 1935 vacation church school , Migrant Work lation of the Council staff to the migrants themselves, to the em- text for nursery and kinder- A dream of the Council of ployers and to the local commu- garten school, "Let's Go Out-of- Women for Home Missions be- nities. Thus the group was Doors," was led by Miss Frances came a reality this year when oriented in a measure to the sitabout thirty young men and uation in which they would find M. Hedden, Director of Chilwomen, who were soon to serve themselves. Now they were dren's Work, New Jersey Counin migrant camps in the East, ready for help in building pro- cil of Religious Education. met at Salvedale Camp, Califon, grams for the various aged New Jersey, for the first setting- groups in migrant camps-pro- Then, Miss Jeannette E. Perkins, up conference for migrant work, grams that would really develop member of the Editorial Staff, June 22-26. These were to be physical, mental and spiritual Congregational Publishing Sodays of preparation for Chris- strength. The faculty, all spe- ciety, and head of the Primary tian service among the migrant cialists in various fields, did an people in Delaware, Maryland, outstanding piece of work. They Department, Riverside Church, New Jersey, New York and Con- caught the spirit of enthusiasm New York City, suggested ways necticut through the summer of the group. The first and sec- of using "Exploring God's Outand early fall. These young peo- ond evenings Miss Marguerite ple, graduates and undergrad- Hazzard, head of the Depart- of-Doors," the 1935 vacation u ate s, represented Columbia ment of Church School Music, church school text for primary University, Mt. Holyoke College, School of Sacred Music, Union Sarah Lawrence College, Syra- Theological Seminary, showed children. She also fascinated cuse University, Bennett College, how to teach songs to groups, the group with her lesson in State Teachers Colleges of New taught a number of songs that spatter work and blueprinting. Jersey and New York, Biblical they in turn could teach, and Seminary, New Jersey College suggested many others suitable As the majority of the chilfor Women, Bucknell University, for the various age groups. She dren at the migrant centers dur- Colgate – Rochester D i v i nit y helped the group to see the vital ing the daytime are of nursery, School, Yale Divinity School, part that music can play in the kindergarten and primary ages, Princeton Theological Seminary, program at a migrant center. Northern B apt i s t Seminary, Miss Marie Gaertner, head of Eastern Baptist Seminary, and [431 ] the Nursery School, New Jersey Hartford Seminary Foundation. Interesting also was the wide College for Women, gave the range of denominations repre- young people invaluable help in sented: Northern Baptist, Congregational – Christian, Pro t- methods of handling children of estant Episcopal, Mis sou r i these ages and various types of Synod Lutheran, United Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, A. M. children-the friendly child, the E. Zion, Presbyterian U. S. A. shy child, the negative child, the and Reformed in America.

Although almost all were meeting for the first time, there seemed to be an unusual spirit of oneness in the group. For four days they worked, played, studied and worshiped together. Five former staff members who had served several summers in migrant centers reviewed for the

over-stimulated child, the fright- Work, led the group as they grower for his investment, risk, worry talked and thought together. and labor." ened child, the imaginary child, There were moments of quiet in the talkative child and the child the group, moments when each Experienced adult pickers are said with an inferiority complex. She one around that camp fire dedi- to make from $1.75 to $2.50 per day. cated himself to the task of mak- To those who say migratory workers illustrated story – telling and ing "more abundant" the lives should have more pay and better livshowed how to make toys and of the migrant people. ing conditions, the grower asks where playground equipment out of the additional money to provide these New Complication in the changes is coming from. He says with things at hand, such as cigar consumers in the cities demanding boxes, planks of wood, nail kegs Migrant Situation cheap food on the one hand, labor de- manding higher pay and better living and spools. The value of group The education, health, low conditions on the other, it is imposactivity with modeling clay was wages and living conditions, sible to satisfy both and stay in busi- have long been problems in the ness. Even today, the farmers say, also demonstrated. migrant situation. The relief the majority of their number are One evening Mrs. Newman, of program has brought a new com- heavily in debt. . . ." plication. To quote from the the Music Department of the New York Times, July 7, 1935: Labor Sunday Message, 1935 E. R. A. of New York City, Recent events in this extensive berry Excerpts from Message of demonstrated singing games and growing area (Hammonton, New Jer- Federal Council of Churches of community singing. At another sey) have focused public attention on Christ in America: session, Mrs. Pauline Rappaport, a situation that for many months has been the subject of much discussion in "But in the midst of our suf- Assistant Recreation Supervisor gatherings of fruit and vegetable fering a glorious truth shines of Bergen County, New Jersey, growers, whose crops are largely har- clear. For the first time in hugave excellent suggestions for vested by seasonal or migratory man history, man has the tech- workers. For many years labor of nical knowledge to solve his ecohandcraft both for little children this kind has been recruited without nomic problem. He can at last and older boys and girls. Prac- difficulty from metropolitan areas, en- provide sufficient material goods tically all of her suggestions tire families moving out into the coun- for an abundant life. Since the try to work as harvest hands as the depression the researches of could be followed out with very various crops matured. scientists and engineers, the findsimple equipment and could be ings of private and governmental Farmers contend that, with the ad- commissions, have been reiteratcompleted within a short space vent of emergency relief, it has be- ing this same basic fact. The of time, an important item with come increasingly difficult to obtain natural resources of the United harvest hands and other temporary States of America and the inchildren. labor. Matters came to a head here dustrial and agricultural equip- last week when, it is asserted, there ment are sufficient to give every While several of the other were not enough pickers available to man, woman and child the mamembers of the faculty touched move a raspberry crop variously esti- terial basis for the good life. Reon recreation, Mrs. Annetta mated to be worth from $300,000 to cent governmental estimates and Humphries, Recreation Super- $500,000. . . . other authoritative studies have indicated that had our plant been visor of Bergen County, New One criticism is that the farmer used to capacity in 1929 over Jersey, was exceedingly helpful underpays this help. This point has $4,000 in goods and services been made with respect to the two and could have been supplied to in showing how to teach games a half cents a pint the grower is pay- every American family. Neverto groups and she also taught ing for picking raspberries. . . . theless, 16,000,000 American families, or nearly two-thirds of games which were suitable for Another criticism the farmer has our people, actually received in the young people at the centers. faced bears on the living conditions on that year less than $2,000. . . . farms for migratory workers. From Health, a vitally important various sources it has been charged "Finally, the churches must that the camp-like environment in ceaselessly proclaim that out of part of the program was covered which the migrant workers live varies the heart are the issues of life. by Mrs. McLaughlin of the State all the way from "inadequate" to True religion must stand always Department of. Health in New "unspeakable." . . . not only against exploitation but against the very desire to ex- Jersey, and Miss Marie Doer- Support of the raspberry growers' ploit. The Christian religion mann, Specialist in Nutrition, contention that they cannot pay more demands now and must always Extension Work in Agriculture than two and a half cents a pint for demand that both human hearts picking was given by Professor J. and human institutions be conand Home Economics in New Harold Clark, small fruits specialist trolled and judged by that mind Jersey. Miss Doermann majored of the State Agricultural Experiment which was in Christ Jesus. . . ." on the planning of menus for Station at Rutgers University. Gross returns to the growers, he pointed out, Suggestions for the observance of lunches that would be tasty as have been six and a half cents a pint Labor Sunday and Bibliography may well as nutritious. Mrs. Mc- this season. Professor Clark said the be secured for five cents, from 105 Laughlin gave excellent sugges- grower would have to charge off one East 22d St., N. Y., N. Y. cent for the berry crate and boxes, tions for the care of babies in one-half cent for fertilizer, one-half the nursery, using a large doll cent for cultivation, hoeing and other for demonstration. growing costs, and another half cent for taxes, interest on investment and The last eve n i n g all met other overhead charges. around the camp fire to talk over the experiences of these days to- "This totals five cents a pint for all costs," Professor Clark said, "leaving gether, what these days of prep- one and a half cents a pint to the aration had meant, and the challenge of the task that each was about to undertake. Miss Laura H. Parker, Chairman of the Council's Committee on Migrant

'~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~~~~~

~~I_=====()==u=A=r=M=;xr=SiO=nO=ary=r=~d=ew=::V=~=!=~=:=c=ur=r~=mU=E=:=~~=s=o=k======_~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN John R. Mott in Japan than 17,000 members of the Union, which is established in The Far East Situa.tion As a result of Dr. Mott's re- many parts of the Far East. A cent conferences with the young J a pan e s e correspondent at Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, Secre- Japanese, the following resolu- Tokyo states that Islam is still tary of the American Board, who tions were adopted and referred a long way from having any aprecently visited Asia, reports to the National Committee of the preciable standing in Japan. that, in general, Christian lead- Y. M. C. A. in Japan: Mohammedanism, he says, is ers take the whole Manchurian still classified in Japan among development as a fait accompli 1. Increased efforts to expand the the quasi-religions. unlikely to be reversed, and cer- work of the City Associations to new tainly not as a subject for con- centers, and to train the leaders for -Moslem World. tinued agitation on the part of such expansion. the Christian group. Even an Temperance League outstanding Christian, who care- 2. The adoption of a program that Anniversary fully refrained from defense of will elevate the quality of the present Japan, took the attitude that the student Associations. It is suggested Japan's Temperance League Christians had for years left the that the National Committee place a was 50 years old last April. The Manchurian question to the gov- student secretary in each important 16th National Conference was ernment. There is a general student center, or at least one man in held in Yokohama, where the satisfection with the successful each of the present districts. League was founded. The first negotiations for the transfer of session of the conference was in the Chinese Eastern Railway 3. Increase the number of student charge of the juvenile section of from Russia to Manchukuo. hostels. the League, and this was fol- This will clarify Japanese-Rus- lowed by a lantern procession in sian relations and make for 4. Adopt a program of leadership the evening. The public was peaceful understanding. training for Middle School Associa- surprised at the number of youth tions. enrolled in the movement, and The Christian group, as seen their ability and enthusiasm in in a number of personal inter- 5. A larger measure of cooperation promoting temperance. The views and larger conferences, with the various world-wide Christian N. T. L. is a reform movement seems to expect no further de- movements. of national importance, and with velopments in relation to China. government recognition is pro- Rather, the gaze is turned east- 6. Plan to establish Y. M. C. A.'s moting education for temperance ward, where the shadow of in industrial and rural regions. and purity in every nook and American militarism is pro- corner of Japan and her dejected. 7. Cooperate in the promotion of pendencies. ~mutual understanding among the na- Everywhere there was evi- tions of the world. Rebuilding Village Life dence of determined interest of Japanese, both Christian aI].d S. Study the possibility of pro- In proportion to her area and non-Christian, in better under- moting the Y. M. C. A. in Manchuria. population Japan has one of the standing and peacemaking. Rep- "Christian Leadership" and "Spiritual largest student bodies of any naresentatives of fifteen peace or- Habits" were discussed by Dr. Mott tion in the world. Tokyo alone ganizations met Dr. John R. with a force and persuasiveness that has 300,000 students attending Mott and expressed their strong moved every delegate to a new con- schools of various types and interest in the improvement of sideration of his own resources and grades. Japan has one of the understanding between Japan responsibilities. best organized educational sysand America. A representative tems in the world; her literacy of the Three Religions. Associa- Islam in Japan is 99.7 per cent. It is evident tions, formed in 1924, and in- that evangelism requires trained cluding Shintoists, Buddhists Almost 600 Moslems, includ- leaders. and Christians, quoted a Jap- ing Indians, Tartars, Turks and anese proverb: "If in a hurry, Japanese, have formed a Moslem Today, the Christian movego around." In international Union in Manchuria. The aim ment is reaching out into rural political matters, the way of is to preach the Koran in the Japan. During the past seventy rapid progress is to "go around" Far East, and the center of the years, Christian forces have through religion. -Advance. Union is at Tokyo. Little by concentrated their efforts in little they set up mosques and .schools in Tokyo, Kobe and other cities. The Japanese Govern- ment gave them free land for this purpose and provided teach- ers whose salaries were paid by the Government. In one of the Universities of Japan a special class with free scholarships to Moslem stu den t s has been opened by the Government.

At present, there are more [433 ]

cities and larger towns. Ap- entirely on the Presbyterian trained in Moo.dy Bible Institute, proximately 31,900,000 people Church in Korea and America. Chicago, and the Missionary live in 11,434 rural towns and The need for this Bible school is School of Medicine in Londo.n. villages. This inc Iud e s the great-to train Korean Chris- She Io.cated in Perigi, district of 1,450,000 fishing folk and the tian lay workers as evangelists Landak, built her own dwelling 450,000 miners, who are dis- and Bible teachers. and added a tiny dispensary. persed in these rural communi- She has also made prolonged and ties. Of the towns and villages, Some of the results of the arduous journeys into the far 9,127 lie beyond the range of work are shown in a letter from inland and untouched regions, by Christian influence. The Baptist the late Mrs. W. J. Anderson of means of coolies or bearers, Mission is in the initial stages Seoul: carrying food sup p lie sand of developing two Rural Life shelter. These journeys cover Demonstration Centers: one in Traveling over Korea the mission- new territory each time and last northern, and the other in south- aries frequently meet Pierson Bible as long as four weeks. Only the ern Japan. These projects aim School graduates who are doing effec- merest fringe of the territory at rebuilding the total life of the tive work. Mr. Oh, a blind student has been touched. village – agricultural, economic, had a class of twenty or thirty who social, moral and religious-on a met regularly at the Sung Dong The Scripture Gift Mission Christian basis and according to Church. The Koreans are great peo- sponsors this work and hopes to Christian principles. ple to follow the sun rather than the send another woman missionary clock, and on a dark, cloudy morning to join Miss van 't Eind. – Watchman-Examiner. service is very apt to be a half hour late in beginning; but these blind Suicide Among Dyaks Methodist Student Conference young men seem to have better sense of time than those with eyes, and they Unlike the Japanese who think The first All-Japan Methodist are always on time. After their Bible it co.urageous to take one's own Student Conference was held in study in one of the classrooms, they life, the Dyaks of Borneo think Tokyo during the summer, with come in to the church service. Mr. Oh it cowardly and shameful. The 60 delegates in attendance. married a widow with one little girl, following incident is to.ld in The a darling bright-eyed child dearly Pioneer: A committee was appointed to loved by all the blind boys. Her habit cooperate with the adult com- was to lead them into their places Some excited Dyaks summoned me mittees of the denomination in Sunday morning, always with a ra- to their long house and upon entering studying the needs, and ways of diant smile. I saw a strange sight. A Dyak woman meeting the needs, of students sat bolt upright against the wall. Her in Japan today, and particularly Rev. W. J. Anderson, of Seoul, eyes were closed, her head was tied to prepare for a larger and if is the new administrator of the against a board, her feet were tied possible an interdenominational Pierson Memorial Work. together, her hands were clasped bestudent conference in the near fore her. The woman was dead – a future. The significance of this Hospital Replaced suicide. I learned that because of first denominational national grief over the death of her husband student conference in this land Despite the destruction by fire and child she had drunk of the pulp lies in the fact that it testifies of the Southern Presbyterian of the tuba root, which brought her to the awakening of Japanese hospitals at K wan g j u and to a speedy end. churches to their responsibility Chunju, the medical work of the to students and youth; and indi- mission has had a most encour- I heard other Dyaks enter, then the cates that the churches as such aging year. At Kwangju a new sound of loud slapping and angry must hereafter be reckoned with building has already replaced the voices; the relatives of the suicide as important factors in the stu- old one, and the record for hos- stood over her corpse and beat it undent Christian movement in the pital operations was greater mercifully, accompanied with loud de- Japanese empire. than the total number during the nunciation of her action, inasmuch as previous two and one-half years. it was a disgrace to all her relatives. -The Christian Century. In cramped, temporary quarters, 137 operations were performed. Usually the Dyaks bury their dead Pierson Memorial Bible School in rough boxes made from trees. To There has been a marked in- sh6w their contempt in this case, they Owing to changed conditions crease in the members enrolled merely tied three boards together, in the church and missions in in mission schools. During the which served as a stretcher. The men Korea, the Methodist Missions year 1,451 communicants have hurried off with their sorry burden, (North and South) have with- been added, while 2,736 have off to a lonely grave apart from the drawn from the work of the been added to the catechumen others. There was no ceremony, no Pierson Memorial Bible School roll. The list of communicants lamenting, nothing but loud scolding. in Seoul and that institution is now stands at 13,318 in a Chrisnow entirely under the control tian constituency of 42,000. In the Dutch East Indies of the Presbyterians. This will • -Christian Observer. siUlPlify the problems of man- .In this area there are a comagement and teaching while it ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC paratively small number of well places the financial responsibility developed Reformed churches bf Untouched Areas a strict Calvinistic type and a few smaller groups, such as the About two years ago a new Adventists, with adherents prin- area was opened to the Gospel by cipally in humbler circles. By Miss Greet van 't Eind who was far the greatest number o.f the Christians belong to. the General

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant Church. The old that he wanted to be christened largest Protestant denomination, East India Company had in its as soon as he was strong enough with 10,027,929 members. The time introduced the Reformed to walk to the church. Weare Methodists were second, with Church which was the prevalent especially rejoicing because this 8,976,492. The largest religious one at home in the Netherlands. man is influential in his commu- body in the country was still the The Company considered it to be nity." Roman Catholic Church, with its duty to foster not only the 20,398,509 communicants. matters of commerce and juris- The Year in the Philippines diction, but also those of religion. Contributions made by church It founded the first congregation The United Evangelical Church members for all purposes in in 1621 in Batavia. About the of the Philippines continues to 1934 amounted to $299,416,781, same time a Lutheran congrega- grow. Its slogan now is, "Uni- or $12.07 per capita. tion was organized. In the fication of all activities." The middle of the 19th century the organization of a National Chris- Church Effort for Children King of Holland succeeded in tian Endeavor Union and of sevuniting the Reformed and the eral district unions marks this The United Presbyterian Gen- Lutherans in one denomination. as a year of real progress for eral Assembly of 1935 appointed This church has done much good Christian Endeavor. One society a special committee to promote a in the course of three hundred has taken as its special project serious effort to reach all chilyears. The Dutch government the transportation expense of an dren in America with the Chrishas always fostered tbese church earnest Christian who goes each tian message. In Sterling Colinterests in the warmest manner, Sunday afternoon to the near-by lege, Kansas, thirty-four of the even in the case of occurring leprosarium and conducts a Sun- best students signed the followvacancies. In such times the day school for some of the 150 ing: government assumed the care lepers there. There were 9,429 for the vacant congregations, children enrolled in the 247 daily DECLARATION OF PURPOSE their church buildings and had vacation Bible schools in the even the cemeteries kept in area served by Presbyterian mis- It is my prayerful purpose to lead proper condition by prisoners. sionaries. In one congregation, at least 10 boys or girls into real 18 of the children so enrolled trust in Christ as Friend and Saviour Medicine Man Becomes united with the church. One through being a Leader of one or Christian section reports that accessions more Boys or Girls Clubs which I hope to organize. It is also my purpose to Dr. Hawkins K. Jenkins, of this year were 93 % more than help in all possible ways to extend the Saguda, P. I., writes of a signal knowledge and experience of Christ victory over native medicine the average for the seven years to all Children and Youth in America. men. preceding. There are 400 church-con- "One of them became seriously -Women and Missions. nected colleges in the United ill himself, and immediately be- States. If 34 students in each gan to offer sacrifices to evil NORTH AMERICA formed a similar resolution this spirits. He was a sincere be- would mean 13,600 volunteer liever in the teachings which he Churches Gain Over One leaders of boys and girls. had helped for years to pass on Million Members to those younger than he, so he Coverdale Bible Anniversary was quite puzzled when he found George Linn Kieffer, statistithat he derived no benefit from cian of the National Lutheran Over the signature of Robert the sacrifices. When it was Council and head of the Amer- E. Speer, John H. Finley, Wilquite evident that he would soon ican Association of Religious liam Allen White and Martha die unless something more effec- Statisticians, reports that church Berry, announcement was made tive could be done for him, he membership is increasing in the in July of the formation of a naasked to be brought to the hos- United States, and that the gain tional committee to sponsor a pital. There we found that he last year was the greatest since nation-wide commemoration of had a very large abscess of the 1930. the four hundredth anniversary liver, and advised that he be of the first printed English Bible. operated upon immediately. To There were 207 religious Dr. Finley, speaking for the comour great surprise he consented, bodies in the United States in mittee, stated, "On October 4, and now th!>t he is well again he 1934, with a total adult member- 1535, the first printed English is one of the most ardent sup- ship of 62,035,688. These bodies Bible, a translation by Myles porters of the hospital. Shortly added 1,222,064 members. The Coverdale, was issued from the before leaving the hospital he Methodist Episcopal Church, press. During the four centuries told me that he wanted to be- with an increase of 210,475, since that date, it has not only come a member of the Church, headed the list of Protestant de- surpassed in circulation any that he was no longer satisfied nominations. The B apt i s t other book in the world, but has with worshiping evil spirits and Church, which had previously profoundly influenced the lives been first, came second with a of peoples and the ideals of gov- gain of 161,720. The Lutherans ernments. Regional, state, city were third with 101,118. The and church committees through- Baptists continued to be the out the country will arrange suitable programs."

New Bible Society dren carrying heavy burdens of great need of new departments Headquarters pain, suffering, hunger, adnidsesaosre~ of research and medicine. The debt, ignorance, terror, Scudder family has given 400 The American Bible Society years of medical service through has purchased a six-story build- row. medical missionaries in India. ing at 450 Park Avenue, New York, as its general office, li- Rev. James Myers, in his ad- At another "Round Top" sesbrary and salesroom for Scrip- sion Mrs. Peabody spoke of the ture'S. The new location in a dress, said that "missionaries danger of war between Italy and fireproof building will not only Ethiopia, and said that the safeguard the Society's records have ~v.er been the shock troops Treaty of Bethlehem rather than and library containing Scrip- the Treaty of Versailles is the tures in 639 languages and dia- of relIgIOn. They are Christians only hope of peace, as the only lects but will enable it also to successful internationalism is make exhibits and displays of its unafraid, and know how to face that under the leadership of the rare manuscripts and editions Prince of Peace. which for many years have been loneliness, misunderstanding left for safekeeping with the Hungarian Church Celebrates New York Public Library. The persecution, danger, martyrdom' Society hopes to occupy the new The First Magyar Reformed building in the fall, so that it and death in the supreme loyalty Church under the shadow of may be used in connection with Cornell Medical Center in New the celebration of the Four Hun- to Christ. As the church turns York City, is celebrating three dred Years of the Printed Eng- anniversaries this year. The lish Bible from October to De- now with missionary zeal and work was begun 80 years ago cember. when Kossuth visited the United courage and sacrifice to the high States. Forty years ago the members of this church formed adventure of the abolition of war, we may look forward with renewed assurance to the final victory of peace and goodwill among men."

The 2000 people in the parade pledged themselves as follows: "Because I cannot reconcile the Way of Christ with the practice of war, I pledge myself before God to work for the abolition of war as a method of settling international dis- A Demonstration Against War putes and to insist upon the use by a permanent organization, and 20 years ago the new building A dramatic demonstration all governments of the machinery of was erected. against war was impressively peace to maintain international jus- tice and goodwill."

presented by the Northfield Mis- Women's Conference at Manhattan's Abyssinian Northfield Church sionary conference on July 11th. A special Women's Confer- The Abyssinian (Negro) The Peace Parade was hailed as ence was successfully arranged Church in Harlem, New York, this year in connection with the added 771 members last year "an omen of profound signifi- General Conference (July 27- giving the church an enrolled August 12). Mrs. William R. membership of 12,808. The cance in the religious crusade for Moody was chairman, with Mrs. church raised from all sources Henry W. Peabody cooperating, $33,120.76; $8,584.62 of this a warless world." and nearly 300 women regis- amount went to benevolences. tered for the morning sessions. The church ended its fiscal year The Parade for Peace started The general topic was "The Bi- with a surplus of $1,160. ble Our Message: Everyone a at Round Top, the grave of Messenger." This church has a staff of twenty-nine paid workers, in- Dwight L. Moody, pas sed Speakers inc Iud e d Mrs. cluding t'WJ missionaries in Li- Moody, Mrs. Peabody and Mrs. beria, Africa. It gave last year through the village of East Delavan L. Pierson, who has re- $900 toward the support of the cently visted New Guinea, India, Chair of Religious Education at Northfield and back to the camp- and other fields; Mrs. John F. Virginia Union University. It Williamson, of the Westminster owns a home for its aged memus. The Cross was borne in the Choir School; Miss Gnanadi- bers at 732 St. Nicholas Avenue, kam, M.A., of the Madras Wom,.. Manhattan, and all its properties front followed by the massed col- are free of debt. The pastor for an's Christian College, India. 27 years, Rev. A. Clayton ors of the Church, the flags of On August 4, meeting was de- Powell, celebrated his 70th birth- voted to the medical work of Dr. day anniversary May 5 and dothe nations, missionaries from Ida Scudder of Vellore, India, nated $1,000 to the Home for the who has spent thirty-five years Aged which is named after him. many lands, many nationals in in South India and has opened a native costume, students, nurses, delegations from churches with- in a radius of fifty miles and the 600 members of the Missionary Conference. Salvation Army bands furnished the music.

The most striking float de- picted Flanders Field with rows of crosses, each one bearing a silver dollar sign and the Dsolollgaarn~ "Munition Makers Reap -Others Reap Death." The bowed figure of a "gold star mother" in heavy mourning sat Christian medical college that in the foreground. The final has sent out nearly 200 graduate The First American Foreign float, with the slogan, "Genera- Indian women doctors, all of Missionary tions of Children Bear the Bur- them Christian. An endowment Susan Elizabeth Kaske, wife of dens of War" showed the chil~ is being sought and there is George Kaske, was the first na-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive-born Protestant missionary Mohammedan Association (that strength of the institution. to go out from America to a for- is, Russian Tatar Moslems) in Starting with six members in eign land. The Moravian Church Brooklyn, a three-story wooden 1830 there are now over 700,000. of Bethlehem, Pa., founded in building; and the only Moslem With its branches and missions 1741, sent her with her husband newspaper is El Bayan, pub- it records nearly 2,000 church in 1746 to South America where lished in New York City, with a organizations. There are seven they served in British and Dutch circulation of 2,000. temples where the inner rites Guiana. Susan E. Funk was are performed. The church uses born November 18, 1721, in Ger- Leaders strive to present a the radio, printed page and the mantown and moved to Bethle- new and more or less enlightened rostrum as channels for its meshem in 1843. On May 12, 1746, Islam, keeping in the back- sage. There is a system of relishe married George Kaske, and ground aspects at variance with gious education second to none, they went to work among the modern ideas, e. g., the position starting with the Sunday school, Indians of South· America in of women. The number of con- continuing through the seminary Berbice, Demarara. They la- verts must be less than 10,000; for week-day religious instrucbored there until 1763 and Mrs. it is not to be expected that tion ; and cuI min a tin g in Kaske died in Bethlehem, Pa., on Islam can be more successful Brigham Young University. July 28, 1804. here than in Europe. -Presbyterian Banner. Recently on June 2, 1935, the -G. H. Bousquet, in "The Women's Missionary Society of Moslem World." LATIN AMERICA the Bethlehem church celebrated its 117th anniversary. Ozark Mountain Children Work for Puerto Ricans Taught Bible Moody Institute Lectures A united evangelistic cam- Hugh B. Reid, of Carthage, paign has been carried on in A new venture is to be Mo., writes that through the co- Puerto Rico in a very unique launched by the Moody Bible In- operation of rural public school way this year by the churches of stitute of Chicago, September 5, teachers he is reaching more five cooperating denominations. according to the President, Rev. than 11,000 children of south- These services, extending over Will H. Houghton, D.D. The western Missouri with a Chris- several weeks, p r act i c a II y plan involves the visit of a num- tian program. About 5,000 of brought the presence of Christ to ber of Bible teachers and church- these receive no other Christian the entire area where Protestant men of unusual prominence, each training. Mr. Reid reports that churches are located. The final serving a one-month lectureship. results' of this campaign have They will be especially stim- 585 families were called upon. not been tabulated, but Dr. Arulating and informing to pas- 460 pieces of clothing were given chilla reports that the number of tors, evanglists and other Chris- accessions should reach at least tian workers who aspire to a to the needy. a thousand. greater mastery of the art of 81 toys were given at Christmas. expository preaching. Among 470 addresses were made. The Puerto Rican church, althem are the following: Dr. Wil- 63,000 pages of reading material were ways aggressively evangelistic liam Evans, expositor, author and missionary, was responsible and lecturer on Bible themes; given away. a number of years ago for the Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, Bible class 634 books, and more than 1,300 opening of work in the Dominiteacher; Dr. Harry A. Ironside, can Republic. The Presbyterian a clarion voice in the field of ex- Bibles, Testaments and Gos- mission is now proposing to position, pastor of the Moody pels were distributed. carry the gospel in Spanish to Memorial Church, Chicago; and 48 were added to Cradle Rolls, and the Puerto Ricans who have col- Dr. Wilbur M. Smith, editor of 92 to Young People's So- onized in the Virgin Islands if Peloubet's Notes. cieties. finances permit. Representa- 6 new schools, with an enrolment tives of the presbytery have vis- Islam in America of 216 were added. ited the island of Santa Cruz, 48 conversions resulted from 5 re- have preached there and discov- It is impossible. to know the vival meetings; and 30 from ered that there are 150 members exact number of Moslems in the 27 Vacation Bible Schools in of the church in the colony of United States; perhaps 25,000 which over 900 were enrolled. several thousand. is a fair estimate. The largest 169 took a leadership t r a i n i n g center is probably Detroit, with course. Baptist Work in Puerto Rico 10,000. There are about 2,000 10,700 Bible verses were memorized in Pittsburgh, 3,000 in Cleve- by school children. The Watchman-Examiner reland, 5,000 in greater New York, 8 institutes were held. ports advance on all fronts in 2,000 in Massachusetts, 500-600 7 teachers' conventions and Puer·to Rico. There were more in Rhode Island. The only real 145 rural public schools were vis- baptisms than for several years. mosque which exists today in ited. The Sunday school attendance is America is that of the Anglo- the largest in the history of the Mormonism work. Offerings have moved To most Americans Mormon- ism is a curiosity. "But," says Dr. W. M. Paden, "it is more than that. It is the largest, wealthiest, best located, best or- ganized, most aggressive of all the false religions of America." Not everyone is aware of the

upward and church membership The balance of their sustenance mander of Jutiapa was an enemy continues to increase. they make up by tenant farming of the gospel and when Don Jose and odd jobs. The Campaign began to offer Scriptures for During the year representa- shares in the expenses of fur- sale… the commandant took him tives of the various denomina- nishing free rent and firewood to jail, struck him twice on the tions working in the island made for the transients, and thus se- head, pulled his hair, and said, a tour, covering the greater part cures the opportunity of making "What do you mean by preachof the work of all denomina- suggestions as to sanitation and ing without my permission?" tions; this was followed by four of asking for reports on the Don Jose replied that the law days of conference – review of number and nature of the con- gave him perfect liberty to the past, evaluation of the pres- tacts made at each lodge. Cam- preach. "Oh," said the coment and plans for the future. paign evangelists make regular mandant, "you know more than visits to the lodges to help the I do." "No," responded Don Cuban Pastors' Conference lodge keepers make our Lord Jose, "you know that as well as known to the travelers, and then 1." The commandant hunted for Last winter Cuban pastors follow up prospects in their the jail keys. Don Jose told him called a meeting of representa- homes. Well located lodges are he would not run away, but the tives from every church organ- operating in s eve r a I places. keys were found and the doors ization throughout the entire Re- Since its opening in March the locked, and five guards placed in public to form an association of San Pedro house has been the charge! The faithful worker evangelical ministers and work- means of reaching 171 Indians sang hymns and read his Bible. ers for the purpose of promoting with the Word of God in direct In the morning he was released cooperation am 0 n g religious personal evangelization. and ordered not to preach, but to groups. Foreign missionaries leave town. Don Jose made no were invited to attend, but it was A Steadfast Indian promises, but went out and sent in every sense a distinctly Cuban a telegram to the President of movement. Plans are made to Work among the Cakchiquel the Republic, asking if he had a put this into effect throughout Indians of Guatemala was men- right to preach the gospel. The the six provinces of Cuba dur- tioned in the REVIEW some time reply came quickly and read as ing the next year. ago. About 100 preaching cen- follows: "You have liberty to ters are now estaollshed, and a preach the gospel as long as -Presbyterian Banner. Bible school has trained 25 grad- peace is not disturbed." uates. The quality of the con- "Over Night Lodge" verts is apparent in the story of Eventually,arrangements were Don Macario, evangelist. Some made for public meetings; at the The Guatemala News indicates years ago a man knocked at his first, twelve persons accepted the possibilities in a work called door about midnight. When Christ. "Flop Houses for Indian Tran- Macario opened the door he was sients." Migrant groups of In- struck with a machete which al- -Moody Institute Monthly. dian laborers and their families most severed a cheek bone from huddle around their little camp his face. He was taken to the White Ribbon Mission Work fires at night along the road- hospital at Antigua and after a sides, or in the public squares of few months returned home, Missionaries find that the the towns. The dirt floors of the healed but with disfigured face. Woman's Christian Temperance open thatch roofed sheds along He began preaching in his home Union is the right hand of the the highways are often very and a mob of several hundred church in many foreign lands. damp and always vermin in- tore down the house. But he has fested. .Even in the towns the the Indian persistency. The In Japan alone there are ten corridors of the public buildings house was rebuilt, and eventually thousand women members of where the Indians sleep on the the town ceased opposition to this brganization, and thousands brick paving are exposed to the him and his preaching. About of young people and children in fury of the elements and afford 125 worshipers assemble at his the various branches. Twenty little in the way of shelter. Ex- home every Sunday. thousand men are united in the haustion may induce a few hours masculine Temperance League, of disturbed slumber despite the -So S. Times. largely as the result of the efnight life of bugs, rodents, dogs; forts of the W. C. T. U. As a but between two and four o'clock Open Door in EI Salvador result of their activity, a law was in the morning the cold becomes passed in Japan a number of so pentrating that the migrants For some time special prayer years ago forbidding minors to are glad to be up and going. had been offered for Cabanas, smoke or drink. There are three with its population of over temperance periodicals-one for Christian evangelists have in- 66,000. men, one for women, and one for stituted the over-night lodge children. Besides the direct war which has become largely self- About a year ago a colporteur, against alcohol, tobacco and supporting. A Christian family Don Jose Escamill,a, made a drugs, members have attacked in charge does a simple lunch passing visit to Jutiapa, a town the social evil most vigorously, counter business which provides of over 3,500. The military com- have established rescue homes, for a part of their own table.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

two women's homes, hostels for and conditions in these homes has also a much improved rev- have shown improvement almost enue. On the other hand the factory girls, a sailors' resort, immediately. Methodist Society shows a deand a social centre, all of which ficiency of £ 5 8 , 0 0 0, but its is testimony to the fact that -Flora E. Strout, Rio de friends believe it is only a tem- Christians realize that social Janeiro. porary deficit. evils are among the greatest hindrances to the progress of the EUROPE Calvin Anniversary Gospel in Japan. Youth's Mission to Youth The summer of 1936 will wit- In Singapore, the W. C. T. U. ness a great pilgrimage to established child welfare work, The twenty-fourth anniver- France by American Presbyand in the exhibitions temper- sary of the National Young Life terians, Scottish Calvinists and ance always has a prominent Campaign of Great Britain members of Reformed Churches place. Colombo, Ceylon, has a brought out the fact that this in all parts of the world to comcounter-attraction to the saloons movement is definitely passing memorate the 400th anniversary in a large working man's resort, from the experimental stage, and of John Calvin's "Institutes of where three hundred men gather is becoming a strong evangeliz- Religion." It was in August, each day for the classes, lectures, ing agency. During the years 1535, that Calvin, then only 26 games and delicious refresh- since the War the N. Y. L. C. has years old, dedicated to King ments. In India, Egypt, Pales- developed in various ways, such Francis I, of France, his vigtine, in every place where the as the additions to headquarters orous exposition of the Christian Gospel is preached, the W. C. staff, voluntary evangelists, the faith. From March 15 to April T. U. assists in conquering the missIonary service and training 15 the French National Library social enemies of men, women fund for helping young people will feature a Calvin exhibition and children. to enter missionary service. of manuscripts, books and other Churches are according in- documents. There will be Cal- In 1894, the W. C. T. U. was creased recognition of the value vin memorial celebrations in born in Brazil. In 1925, it was of its service. other cities than Paris, notably reorganized under the name of Noyon, his birthplace, and Ge- UnHlo Brasileira Pr6-Temper- The number of actual cam- neva, Switzerland, where he anc;a with some of the most intel- paigns in the past year num- spent most of his life. ligent women in Rio de Janeiro bered fifty-seven, beside those on the national committee. It carried out by teams from the -Missions. influences all sorts and condi- London School of Evangelism tions of men even. For the last and a Liverpool team of young Russia Rediscovers Values three years during the carnival men doing similar work in their spare time. The income for the That a new Russia is emerging season, Government has not per- year showed an increase of £500. from the Soviet chrysalis apmitted anything stronger than The most encouraging feature is pears to some observers. Signs beer to be sold to the people on the increasing zeal for evangel- are multiplying that she is trekthe street and only allowed wine ism of the members themselves. king back to the safe and sane and champagne to be served There are now more than 300 principle that the family is the with food in the clubs. This who have entered either the min- corner stone of civilized society, year gambling was added to the istry or the foreign mission field and one of these signs is the prohibitions. since the War. fact that "Romeo and Juliet" may now be played in Moscow During temperance wee k, Increased Mission Funds theaters. Says the Boston Tranthere are talks over the radio, script: "People won't play at bemoving pictures on scientific For the most part the leading ing robots forever. They've got temperance, essay and oratorical missionary organizations 0 f to have music and novels and contests. The barracks are not Great Britain show increased in- plays and fairy tales and relionly open to talks at this time, come for the past year. The gion. The rulers of the Soviet but their own doctors give the London Missionary Society re- are, little by little, retreating soldiers and police accurate in- cords an increase of £6,324 in from their earlier position; they formation in periodical lectures. contributions during the past fi- are beginning to recognize that nancial year-the first increase man cannot live by bread alone." The schools are always open to after seven years, during which temperance propaganda, and the the income has been going down. Crowded churches last Easter, pupils become temperance mes- The bulk of the increase is from without consequent molestation sengers to their homes. So in- personal donations, but contri- on the part of government, seems formation grows and the results butions from the churches have to show that hostility to religion are little short of miraculous. increased as well. Baptists re- is weakening. Children who had port a £5,000 increase. The lately been rewarded for betray- In a very poor district, where C. M. S., which keeps its total ing their parents to authorities much of the poverty is caused by cash receipts together, has an must now be taught to honor drink, the children have carried increase of £51,654. The S. P. G. their fathers and mothers. information concerning the evils of alcohol with the result that cachac;a (national whiskey) has been banished in some instances

AFRICA fore next meeting of the confer- out how the cinema can best be ence three years hence, to evan- used as an instrument of adult Moslems Copy Christians gelize effectively the whole of education and recreation adapt- the large areas in their care; so ed to the needs and mental equip- Mohammedans are seeking to that it could be reported that ment of the African. African emulate Christianity in doing for every village and hamlet, even Missions have much to gain by the blind similar work to that every isolated farm or com- the success of this project, which being done in Egypt by medical pound, in these areas had re- should furnish them with a new missionaries. A note in Al Ah- ceived the Gospel. The growth instrument to use in their work. ram reads: "Students of the of opposing forces was the im- Specialists' Department of the pelling motive. South Africa Sunday-School Higher Training College at Shu- Association bra have formed a society for The question of one African combating blindness and in- Church for Nigeria has faced the Wayside Sunday schools are structing the blind. They ap- Conference for some years, and a prominent part of the work peal for the blind to be sent to it was agreed that the most carried on by the South African them." helpful course to follow in the National Sunday-School Associa- meantime would be to develop tion. In Port Elizabeth there Visit to Algeria among the Christians the con- are now thirteen such schools sciousness of unity that already with an enrolment of 7,000 chil- Rev. W. L. McClenahan, of exists, and to that end it was de- dren each Sunday, and in Cape- Egypt, writes of a visit in Al- cided to hold spiritual life con- town there are five with an avergeria, covering about 1,200 ferences, and to publish a Chris- age attendance of 400. One waymiles with a view to assisting in tian periodical in Hausa, which side Sunday school in Port Elizathe work of evangelization, to would give accounts of work and beth has gone so far as to hold a gain further knowledge as to the blessing all over the field, thus service every Sunday afternoon needs along that line so as to promoting the sense of oneness for Indian women, another conhelp in prayer those already on in Christ Jesus. ducts a wayside Sunday school the field; also to furthering in- on Saturday afternoon which has terest on the part of those who Twenty-seven delegates from an attendance of sixty or seventy might themselves go out and give six societies were in attendance. white children. Noon day lunch a hand in the work. meetings of Sunday school teach- -The Christian. ers is another feature of the As- "One thing that attracted our sociation's work. attention," says Dr. McClena- Motion Pictures for the Bantu han, "was the simplicity of the -The Presbyterian. methods used by missionaries in The International Missionary their work. The contacts they Council's department of Social F have with the people are ob- and Industrial Research has just tained through open-air markets, embarked upon an experiment to WESTERN ASIA visits in the homes, classes for provide good cinema films for women and children, and in a Africa, with the help of a grant Sabbath Observance in few places 'homes' for children from the Carnegie Corporation Tel-Aviv and hostels for lads. In no case of New York. I believe have they entered to Tel-Aviv in Palestine is the any large extent into the field The first step will be the pro- only one hundred per cent Jewof education and medicine. Be- duction of films performed by ish city in the world. Sharp difing in a section of 'the land of native actors, the subjects of ference of opinion and practice the Vanished Church' the mis- which will relate to life and with regard to the religious obsionaries there are in a some- scenes familiar to the African. servance of the Sabbath apparwhat different position from that Some will deal with such prac- ently exists among the Jews of those in most Arabic-speaking tical subjects as improved meth- there, for recently riots took countries, where there are an- ods of poultry keeping, cattle place in the course of which, accient Christian communities, and raising, etc.; others will relate cording to the Jewish Daily Bulare thus able to work along to culture and a few will be pure letin, several persons were insimple, New Testament lines in comedy. The films will be shown jured. Orthodox Jews, it seems, the planting of churches." to selected Bantu audiences to paraded the streets on the Sab- discover the appeal made by dif- bath, and began to break the -A Thirsty Land. ferent types of pictures, and windows of all Jewish shops will be accompanied by a talkie which were open. They inter- Far-Reaching Decision commentary produced by syn- cepted taxis containing Jewish chronised gramophone records. passengers with the result that At the triennial Conference of street fights broke out requiring Missions in Northern Nigeria, The fullest possible coopera- the intervention of the British held recently at Miango, a reso- tion of the missions and govern- police authorities. In commentlution was adopted, urging that ment departments (Native Af- ing on this disturbance Jewish all the societies in the northern fairs, Education, Health, Agri- writers point out that on the Provinces should endeavor, be- culture, Veterinary) is being whole Jewish youth in Palestine sought in this enterprise to find

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is antireligious. The orthodox established Evangelical Church of Bible Motor Caravan Jews are particularly indignant Iran. over the fact that Jewish youth The British and Foreign Bible in Palestine carryon sport ac- The Assembly rejoices to welcome Society has des i g ned and tivities openly on the Sabbath. to the fellowship of the Evangelical equipped a motor caravan which Church throughout the world, this new is to tour India, and possibly 'I'he Plight of the Assyrians church of Iran so largely the product Ceylon, selling Scriptures and of the work of the missionaries of the generally forwarding the work The Assyrians of Iraq (Meso- Board of Foreign Missions of this As- of the Society. The van carries potamia) are Christians – un- sembly . . . and assures the Church a large stock of Scriptures, seleceducated it is true, but profess- of its affection and prayers, and trusts tions of which are attractively ing to be followers of Christ in that by God's blessing the most glori- displayed behind glass panels in spite of persecution. Groups of ous days of Christianity in past cen- the side. There is s'eating ac- Assyrian Christians have fled to turies may be surpassed by the service commodation for f 0 u r passouthern France, Syria, Iraq and and faith of this new Church in Iran. sengers, in addition to the driver, elsewhere and most of them are and a sleeping berth for use living in dire poverty. The On August 19, 1934, was held when necessary. It is also European office for International the first meeting of the United equipped with a gramophone, Church Aid – in Geneva – is Evangelical Church of Iran. and a magic lantern for showing seeking to help these groups. The moderator of the Church, as slides on the Life of Christ and Some camps have been provided he took the chair, called upon the the work of the Bible Society. for Assyrian widows and or- delegates to keep clearly in mind Later it is hoped to include a phans in Iraq but in the villages that the one purpose of the meet- portable cinema outfit. Two or north and south of Mosul, 35,000 ing was the advancement of the three months will be spent in are living in misery. Few lands Church of Christ in Persia. each main language area workare willing to receive them. The ing in close cooperation with Universal Christian Council has On August 23d, the date of the local missions and churches. been trying to find a new home closing, a communion service The initial tour began in the for these people – in British was held, exactly 100 years to Madras Presidency in January Guiana-but there the climate is the day, since Rev. Justin Per- of this year, and during the two unsuitable. Western Christians kins arrived in Tabriz under the and a half months spent in the should not rest until this prob- appointment of the American Tamil country over 10,000 Scriplem is solved. Board of Commissioners for ture portions were sold. Foreign Missions. The service, PROF. ADOLPH KELLER. therefore, was a fitting close of -Dnyanodaya. the century. The sacrament To Beautify Holy Ci.ty was administered by one or- The Literacy Problem dained missionary and one or- Announcement is made of a dained national. The past and India's illiteracy problem is "five-year plan" to make Jeru- the future were thus joined. colossal, nearly 92 per cent of salem as beautiful as in the days her people being unable to read of the ancient Hebrew kings. INDIA or write. During the last ten The municipality of Jerusalem years the rate of increase in lithas obtained a half-million dol- Boycott of Hindu Gods eracy in India is one per cent. lar loan to aid in launching a Taking into consideration the program of civic improvements. At a Harijan Conference last rate of natural increase of the The funds are to be used in pro- population also, one is not sure viding a park system and for the April, a delegate, in moving a whether the net result of progimprovement of sanitary condi- ress in literacy is not in fact tions in the city. resolution to the effect that the progress backward. Even at the present rate of one per cent in- Evangelical Church of Iran Harijans of Hyderabad State crease in ten years, it would take 920 years before illiteracy can The Presbyterian General As- should strive their utmost to be removed from India. Only a sembly took the following action very small percentage of public at its meeting in Cincinnati in eradicate untouchability from revenue is available for mass May: education. Hinduism, declared that there The General Assembly has learned -Christian Century. with joy of the establishment of The was "a ID;'eaningless superstition Evangelical Church of Iran with its Poona's Colleges independent Synod and three presby- among Hindus that if an unteries, and has been happy at this ses- Poona has the reputation of sion of the Assembly to approve the touchable entered a temple, the having more colleges than any transfer of the Presbytery of Eastern other city of its size in the Persia, heretofore connected with the god in the temple would be pol- world. Its, population in 1931 Synod of New York and with the Gen- was 250,000. What has been eral Assembly of the Presbyterian luted, and he advised them to Church in the U. S. A. to the newly boycott such gods as were pol- luted by their touch."

The Conference also exhorted Harijans to eradicate drink and other evil customs. It was re- called that the Nizam's Govern- ment had already ordered the prosecution of those who offered girls as devadasis to goddesses, and that they should help the Government by reporting such cases. ' -Dnyanodaya.

described as India's premier non- some' terse statements which ters of the Han and Yangtze official educational institution, summarize the progress made, Rivers. Fergusson College, is also in with Christian missions the es- Poona. Its jubilee occurred last sential element: Northern provinces also con- April. The influence it has in tinued struggling to imprison modern India is indicated by the Has the best government which she the raging waters of the Yellow fact that during the fifty years has known since the founding of the River, "China's Sorrow," as it of its existence about 70,000 Republic in 1911. roared headlong to the sea, students have received their edu- crushing its barriers to engulf cation there. The Deccan Edu- Forty thousand miles of new roads immense districts of farmlands. cation Society is the parent of have been built in the last five years. this college; it also sponsors an- The report from Red Cross auother Arts College and four high Broad avenues have been cut thorities in Hankow combined schools in Poona. through the poverty-ridden sections of with reports from neighboring many of her cities. areas indicate uncounted thou- -Dnyanodaya. sands of Chinese who have per- "Clean-up campaigns" have im- ished in the Han and Yangtze Jubilee in Western Tibet proved the sanitation of a host of floods. towns and villages. The remoteness of western Government authorities an- Tibet from the civilized world The railroads, telegraphs and mails nounced that five northern provdid not prevent its inhabitants grow daily more efficient. inces of China have been devasfrom joining other loyal British tated, leaving about six million subjects in celebrating King Increasing education is lifting the people homeless. George's Silver Jubilee. Kye- moral tone of the people. lang, a Moravian Mission Cen- Ohinese Ohild Welfare ter, has never known an occa- The "New Life Movement" is stimsion comparable to it.. Early on ulating many reforms, such as the at- The first national Child Welthe morning of May 6 the Chris- tack on the opium trade which has fare Conference was held last tians assembled in the church taken place in many provinces. October, with 134 delegates from for a thanksgiving service, while 14 provinces in at ten dan c e. the Buddhist clergy met in their Although numbering only one Branch associations have been monasteries to read passages in a thousand of the population, organized in Peiping and Luanfrom their scriptures which they the Christian group has supplied hsien, and plans are under way thought would be appropriate. an astonishing proportion of the for one in Nanking. The secre- The c e Ie bra t ion included leadership of the co u n try. tariat handled 123 cases of child speeches from the missionary Fifty-one per cent of the college protection. In June, 1934, the and the headmaster of the Gov- graduates listed in Chi n a's Association attempted to proseernment Middle School, parades, "Who's Who" are the product of cute a professional dancer for various competitive sports, bon- Christian schools and colleges. cruelty to a six-year-old adopted fires and native costume dances. daughter. Although the court Everybody was out to enjoy him- A Year of Opportunity found the defendant guilty, it self, and did. Unlike many of was compelled to waive jurisdictheir social functions which de- Two years ago the Honan tion, as the Association lacks the generate to orgies of lust and Mission of the United Church of right to prosecute in accordance drunkenness, there was not the Canada opened a small hospital with the present criminal code. slightest trace of these vices in Taokow. During the first The Association therefore has during the two days' rejoicings. year 5,443 treatments were petitioned the Juridicial Yuan registered; the total cost being for this right to be given to child The people here, living under $3,206 Chinese currency, of welfare bodies. the administration of the British which $1,521 was received in Government, are more world- fees, the balance being taken The Shanghai Child Welfare aware than their compatriots in care of by Canadian friends. Clinic treated 12,344 patients; other parts of Western Tibet. Over 700 flood refugees were 1,818 children were given free The medical, educational and cared for the past two years. In baths; 1,611 children particimilitary activities of the Gov- addition, 52 expectant mothers pated in health club meetings; ernment, not to mention the in- from refugee camps were cared nurses made 414 calls on pafluence of the mission, have re- for, and every baby saved. tients at their homes. Since sulted in an understanding of the Schools were organized for teen- March 1, 1934, 4,654 cases were influx of Western ideas. age boys and girls from these handled in extension medical camps. From one point of view, clinic work. A child tuberculosis -Moravian Missions. the flood has been a blessing; section has been erected at the these sufferers have come under Ching Chong Sanitarium at OHINA influences they would otherwise Kiangwan. have missed. There are some Evidences of Progress 2,000 villages in the Taokow April 4th was widely observed field. -Honan Quarterly. as Children's Day, and 1935 is The American Board, under to be a Children's Year. the title, "China Changes," gives More Deaths by Flood -Chinese Recorder. In July reports from China stated that 30,000 bodies of flood victims had been assembled in the Hankow area alone. This indicates the toll, taken in Cen- tral China by the receding wa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through Eye Gate in Hong port shows how, at Yungkang, to send him as a Christian the aim of creating self-support- worker. He found a native hut Kong ing churches is being realized. in a splendid location near the Seven years ago the missionaries market, where he has been wit- Mr. H. Lechmere Clift of from Yungkang went home un- nessing for Christ ever since." Hong Kong, sees a unique op- able, for health reasons, to reportunity there, both of attract- turn. The Mission agreed not In another center a Christian ing the indifferent and of help- to send resident missionaries Annamese opened a barber shop ing missionaries. In a letter to there again, but to ask the work- in the market center, and wit- The Life of Faith he says: _ ers in Kinhwa to render what nessed to every customer who help they could. For one'or two came for a haircut. He gave his For years my dream has been to years not much happened, and home for a meeting place, and have a book-shop in the very heart of there were very little signs of thus a strong evangelistic center the business section of Hong Kong. progress. By and by, church has been established. The show windows of the shop are to leaders saw that they must have large open Bibles in English, either shoulder their responsi- -The Call. French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, bility and throw themselves into Urdu and Chinese. Passengers of all the work, or face the possibility Religious Life at Nanking nationalities here change their ships of its discontinuance. Men and University and come ashore to see the sights. women voluntarily went every- where preaching and teaching, W. Reginald Wheeler writes of On the mainland itself, in the thick with the result that the church progress in the religious life of of Kowloon's residential flats, we al- has gone forward by leaps and Nanking University. All chapel ready have such a shop: and the bounds. Eight or nine new cen- service and classroom religious books, pictures, posters and open Bi- ters have been opened, and this instruction is on an elective bles attract the attention of the year 97 adults have been bap- basis. crowds of Europeans, Americans, Por- tized. All expenses are met by tuguese and Chinese passing by. Then church members. There has been a subsidence of the there are throngs of tourists and we anti-Christian attitude of previous could reach them also. Some hun- -China's Millions. years, but there is much still to be dreds of pounds a year would be re- done and won, and the battle is not quired to run such a shop. It would The Cambodia Field an easy one, either for Christian stube not a paying business from a com- dents or faculty. Those who choose mercial point of view, but a spiritual Mr. Jeffrey, of the Christian the Christian way of life have enenterprise: not bringing in monetary and Missionary Alliance, says gaged in a real conflict "and there are gain, but saving immortal souls, and that the past year's results in many adversaries." Here is a student proving a marvelous witness in a French Cambodia have been who had decided to become a Chrisgreat city given over to money-mak- most gratifying. The previous tian and be baptized. He comes from ing and pleasure. year had seemingly been the a family of wealth and influence. darkest in that field, but work None of his family are Christians; his China Mission Losses was established in four new father learns of his contemplated step places last year ; at Prey Nop, and the boy is compelled to drop out Missionaries and missionary center of a large district; at of this Christian University and go enterprises in China lost heavily Kampot, capital of the province; to a government institution. Here is in the failure of the American- and in two villages; in each another student, with a shining face, Oriental Banking Corporation place the way was opened un- to whom I am instinctively drawn. and allied companies last May. expectedly. "We were refused After class he comes to me and says: This enterprise was promoted by permission to open a chapel in "I want to be a Christian. How do Frank J. Raven and was known Prey Nop," says Mr. Jeffrey, you be a Christian?" The boy has as a "missionary bank" since it "but one day we drove out there had a difficult path since that decision, catered to missionary patronage. in company with some of our but he has stood firm and has been The China Weekly Review, Cambodian workers. As we baptized into the new faith. Such ex- Shanghai, says: "Not only have traveled along, we felt led to periences are both a challenge and a mission organizations suffered stop the car in the shade of the reward. potential losses on invested forest for a season of prayer. funds from $3,500,000 to $5,000,- While we prayed, one of our In the faculty there has bepn real 000, but thousands of individual workers broke down in tears, religious activity, though we still have missionaries scattered over the and in prayer offered himself to far to go. During the year two "reinterior have their retirement, God as 'a living sacrifice' for the treats" have been held; one in a home-vacation and educational opening of the work in Prey picturesque Buddhist temple. Seventy funds locked up in these enter- N op. Although a Bible school of the faculty, Chinese and foreigners, prises. . . . One of the maj or man and well versed in the met in this temple. During- the sinl!'- casualties of the Raven bank- Word, he was willing to go there ing' of one of the hymns an old Budruptcy was the American Epis- as an ordinary farmer, since the dhist monk made his way to the altar copal Mission which has ap- Government would not allow us in front of an image of the Buddha proximately $700,000 tied up in and placed a single stick of burning stocks and bonds of the defunct incense there, as if afraid this new companies." religion might displace the worship of one who had lived and taught cen- Self-Support Achieved turies before Christ.

The following extract from the MISCELLANEOUS China Inland Mission annual re- A Survey of Progress Canon Stacy Waddy, Secre- tary of the S. P. G., visited the

United States on a world trip to Cases arrested without defor- (b) Golden Rule observance of visit Anglican mission fields. mity, i. e., symptom free. . .. 1,054 Mother's Day, He reports steady progress in many places, notably the estab- Cases arrested with deformity 359 (c) Religion and Welfare Recovery lishment of a new diocese in Program. West Africa known as the Gam- Of the remaining patients bia. Further progress is indi- some became worse, or station- 3. Allocation of relief and welfare cated by increase in numbers, ary, and a considerable number funds as grants-in-aid to instituconspicuously in D 0 rna k a 1, left or died; 704 of the cases ar- tions and agencies recommended where 12,000 were baptized in rested without deformity were by the Committee on Research the year and where an assistant, discharged and 126 of those ar- and Survey. Bishop Elliott, has just been pro- rested with deformity. In addivided to aid Bishop Azariah in tion upwards of 6,900 lepers 4. Administration of Trust Funds for the enormous work of that dio- were treated as out-patients. Philanthropic Purposes. cese. -Without the Camp. Each year the program be- Looking to the future, Canon comes more practical, varied, far Waddy points out two factors in GENERAL reaching and strategic. Among missionary procedure, not new the 1935 objectives are: Feeding but of great significance. One The Bible Needs No Witness the hungry, healing the sick, reis migration. Races and groups lieving the underprivileged in of people have always moved In a letter to the New York neglected areas, development of about over the face of the earth, Times, Dr. J 0 h n Hay n e s self-help, character building and acting as carriers, such as the Holmes recently offered a pro- religious and welfare recovery. Jews, the Tamils of South India, test at the representation of the and, particularly at the present discovery of porcelain archives, Dynamics vs. Mechanics time, the Chinese. There are almost 3,000 years old, as "of said to be some eleven million vast importance in corrobora- It is evident from the present Chinese outside China. Where tion of Bible stories." "Are we conditions that the primary hitherto the Church has worked never to learn," asks Dr. Holmes, problems of our day are in the in places, it now moves out to "that the Bible is itself a first- realm of dynamics, rather than work along lines of communica- class historical document, or col- in the realm of mechanics. The tion. There is also the increas- lection of documents, which no need of the hour is not more ing importance of printed mat- more needs confirmation than knowledge, but more action; not ter. To quote only one instance, Thucydides or Tacitus? . . . more campaigns, but more consenew ideas are p e Ii e t rat i n g Instead of saying that these cration; not more statistics, but throughout the Moslem world by archreological deposits in Pales- more spirituality; not more means of printed matter, and the tine confirm the Bible, why not councils, but more cooperation tremendous possibilities of this say that the Bible confirms these with the Holy Spirit. are seen especially in the fact deposits? It is the 'porcelain that printed matter can pene- archives' just unearthed that There is no dynamic power in trate among Moslems in lands need authentication, not the Christianity that has not staked that missionaries are still for- Biblical text. I count it high its very existence on belief in the bidden to enter. Other oppor- time that we drop our subcon- Holy Spirit. Without this the tunities, for active personal work scious suspicion of the Bible and Christian Church will be timid and for the use of printed mat- accept it without reserve for when it ought to be courageous, ter, are offered by the pilgrimage what it is-one of the most pre- bewildered when it ought to uncenters which are visited by cious and trustworthy records of derstand, stagnant when it ought thousands yearly, especially in human history now in possession to be alive. Belief in the Holy the Orient. of the race." Spirit means that the Christian Church is called to dare great Some Leper Statistics Golden Rule Foundation adventures and take tremendous risks. Only when the Christian Returns received from 50 dif- The Golden Rule Foundation, Church essays the impossible ferent stations in fndia, China, does it give God a chance; only Korea and Africa where the Mis- incorporated by special act of the when it achieves the impossible sion to Lepers maintains, or aids does it prove that the Holy Spirthe work, show the results of Legislature of the State of New it is not merely a theological leprosy treatment during the proposition but a living reality. year: York, March 29, 1929, seeks to It is not learning, or wealth, or organization, or equipment that Patients under treatment for serve the American public as "a will enable the Christian Church not less than three months .. 9,157 to conquer the world; it is ac- people's foundation," rendering tual belief in the Holy Spirit. If Number of above who slightly we would silence our theologic·al improved …………….. 2,800 to the average citizen a service controversies, our ecclesiastical rivalries, our counsels of expedi- Number much improved …… 2,772 which includes: – ency, our clamor for money, we might again "hear what the 1. Investigation of appeals as to rela- Spirit saith to the churches" tive need, efficient administration, more clearly than we hear Him and strategic importance. today. -John McDowell.

2. Stewardship education and stimula- tion of increased giving by pro- motion of: (a) International Go 1den Rule Week,

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I===============================I~ Outline of Buddhism, C. H. S. Ward, The discussion of Nirvana will devoted uncompromising, con- sistent, loving, self-sacrificing pp. 149, % net. The Epworth Press, be found interesting and illumi- Christian parents. Here too we see (under God) hope for the umdon, 1934. nating. The author summarizes future church and the mission- ary enterprise – not in highly- This little volume is one of the very well the various views held trained specialists, but in well- Great Religions of the East se- educated youth who are "born ries, edited by Eric S. Water- of the Buddha's' concept of Nir- again" and who truly "seek first house, M.A., D.D. It has been the Kingdom of God and His said that he knows not England vana. righteousness." who only England knows. The same may be said of Christian- The book is well written and John and Betty Starn would ity. To understand Christianity have made their mark anywhere. it is necessary to understand well documented. It will be use- Betty had rare gifts as a poet other religions. The struggle of and writer and John was a Christianity with other religions ful for classes and study groups musician and trained for busiis not in the past, but it still is ness, but these and other gifts ahead of us in the future. At and should prove helpful to those were made to serve the cause of present nationalism and com- Christ. Here is a true romance, munism loom large, but the fun- who are at work in Buddhist a tragedy in human eyes but a damental attitudes of Buddhism triumph of faith and love. will have to be faced by thinking lands. The careful definitions Youth will find in this story the people. essentials to stimulate ambition, and exposition are valuable at courage and devotion. Buddhism is one of the universal religions. It must be un- present when so many ideas are Christian Realities. By Robert E. derstood by Christian mission- Speer. Pp. 258. Price, $2.50. Flemaries. This volume has for its presented in the name of Bud- ing H. Revell Company. New York. object the discussion of the type of Buddhism found in the Pali dhism. LEWIS HODOUS. In a recent sermon Dr. Fos- Pitakas and what is easily de- dick made a strong plea for realducible from them. It does not The Triumph of John and Betty ism in thought in religion: deal with Mahayana Buddhism. Starn. By Mrs. Howard Taylor. While this limits it to the Bud- 127 pp. 40 cents, paper; 75 cents, Pleasing sentimentality, wishful dhism of Ceylon, Burma and cloth. China Inland Mission. Ger- thinking, idealizations, comforting Siam, the book will prove of val- mantown. 1935. faiths; satisfying optimisms-these ue to those who are working in are the devils of the new generation. countries where Mahayana Bud- The main facts as to the mar- Nothing will do today except realism. dhism is practiced. tyrdom of John Stam and his wife, Elizabeth Scott Stam, at In the realm of theology, for ex- The aut h 0 r takes up the the hands of the Chinese com- ample, the liberals are being soundly sources of our knowledge of the munists last December, are al- trounced nQW by a group of men who Buddha and his teaching. Then ready well known. The wonder- call themselves realists.. The trouble he gives an account of the Bud- ful preservation of their three- which the realists find with the liberals dha's life. This is followed by a months-old "m ira c I e" baby, is serious. Against the background of Helen Priscilla Stam, has also the old theology, with the wrath of God discussion of Buddha's teach- become famous in the annals of and the fear Qf hell in the ascendency, ing and the order of Bud- mIssIOnary history, but this the liberals reacted to the opposite exdha's disciples. A sketch of the brief story of the early life, edu- treme. They ceased being grim and historical development of Bud- cation, missionary call, courtship became sentimental. dhism and a discussion of Bud- and two years of service in China dhism as a religion conclude the will be new to many. It is fold He goes on to say that when main part of the book. A selected by a very highly skilled and men become sentimental "they list of literature and an index of spiritually sympathetic b i 0 g- streamline their theology to renames and subjects complete the rapher. duce wind resistance."

volume. Here is a thrilling and deeply The present volume deals hon- significant story of two young estly and intelligently with reali- lives who II y consecrated to ties in the realm of Christian Christ and his service. As we read we see that consecrated parents can definitely count on h a v i n g consecrated children. The five Scott and the eight Stam children are all definitely Chris- tian and active in Christian work or preparing for it. Here we find the secret in united, sympathetic, Any of the books noted In these columns wlIl be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[445 ]

thought and life. In his book a great book with a great mes- for a building for Colored men "The Finality of Jesus" Dr. sage for our own day. and boys. It is a remarkable Speer presented a strong apolo- fact that this offer should have getic for the Christian faith- S.M.Z. come from a man of another the Deity of our Lord, and the faith; but it clearly indicates the unchangeable character of the I Am a Chrj,s,tian. By Jesse R. Wilson. value which a man like Mr. Christian message. In these ad- Pamphlet. 25 cents. Student Vol- Rosenwald placed upon the work dresses, taken down as they were unteer Movement. New York. 1935. of the Y. M. C. A. His deep delivered, the emphasis is not on seated sympathy for the strugdogma, but on life. The unreal Today students and youth gen- gling Negroes of our country in the realm of fact is myth, but erally wish not only theory but however has been shown in many in the realm of conduct it is in- practical experience as a basis other practical forms of helpfulsincerity and hypocrisy. The for faith. Clear cut testimony to ness which never can be forgotfirst chapter answers the ques- such ideas and experience are ten. As a result of the offer just tion, "What is Christianity?" what the Secretary of the Stu- mentioned 25 Y. M. C. A. and two Dr. Speer says: dent Volunteer Movement gives Y. W. C. A. buildings have been us in this pamphlet, but the basis erected in cities like New York, We believe in an objective deliver- is Jesus Christ, the Son of God Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washance wrought on Christ's Cross and in and only Way of Life. Being a ington, Chicago, St. Louis, Los a living Presence, and we will not be Christian involves for Mr. Wil- Angeles, etc. Weare sorry to confused or misled, nor caused to doubt son at least four things: A note that only two (Atlanta and or deny. We believe in a Life rthat Christian experience, faith, phi- Dallas) are found in the deep was here and that we have seen at losophy of life and hope for the south, where most of the Negroes work in the world, and that we know world. These four essential eleto be here now; and that it works now ments he sets forth, explains and reside. in us, in the lives of 'men and women illustrates in f 0 u r chapters. Among other matters treated whom we know and love, and in whom They are simply and clearly and through whom we have seen God stated, practical and true and is the distinguished war service in our time in Christ. will be helpful, especially to in- rendered by Dr. Moton, Max telligent youth who are seeking Yergan and others, and Mr. Yer- In a following chapter the au- light. gan's later efforts for the stuthor presents from a personal dents of South Africa. The auangle what Jesus Christ means Life on the Negro Frontier. By thor in the closing chapters tries to him and does for him. Other George R. Arthur. 259 pages. $2. to face modern difficulties and chapters are entitled: "The Es- Association Press. New York. problems, and through a quessentials of Christian Disciple- tionnaire sent to the Rosenwald ship"; "The Perils of Being a This title gives no inkling of aided institutions to discover Christian"; "Living in the Care the fact that the purpose of the methods for their improvement. and the Will of God"; "Finding book is to portray the work of One's Self." The strongest of the Young Men's Christian As- R. M. LABAREE. the seventeen chapters, in our sociation among Negroes. The opinion, is that on "The Gains of author claims (and we think that Apolo, The Pathfinder-Who Fol- Conscious Unattainment." It is he is correct) that the large cities lows? By A. B. Lloyd. Illus. 12 heart-searching and heart-re- create for the Negro many of the mo. 68 pp. 1 s. Church Missionvealing. conditions which formerly pre- ary Society. London. 1935. vailed on the far western fron- As a matter of fact, the best man tier-the large number of new Apolo wa-s an African canon never does his best. That was the arrivals, many of them young of the Church of England-a agony of the life of St. Paul; he never men and women; the sudden s t ron g character and a true realized his ideals. He looked back break from old home ties and Christian who worked among the over his life, and always found some- conditions; the resulting demor- pygmies. His story is unusually thing that he had not succeeded in do- alization in manners and morals. impressive and shows the true ing. It is because of this similarity results of Christ's work in an that he justifies his title "Life on African heart. This converted Dr. Speer's theology does not the Negro Frontier." and educated African went as a include perfectionism. As we missionary into the trackless might expect, the last four chap- The Treatment of the subject forests of Pygmy land, worked ters deal specifically with the is largely historical and descrip- with his own hands as a pioneer missionary enterprise and tell of tive, showing the conditions un- pathfinder and prepared the way an adequate Gospel for the need der which the Negroes live, the for further advance. This is the of the whole world, of areas in origin and leadership of the Col- third book about Apolo. Read geography and in life still un- ored Y. M. C. A. work, and more the fascinating story and you claimed for Christ, of the present especially the most interestIng will agree with Bishop Willis of and stimulating support of it Uganda who says: "As truly as task that faces the Church, and given by Julius Rosenwald of Christ lived in St. Paul, so truly, of the undiscourageable convic- Chicago, when in 1910 he made if to a less conspicuous degree, tion that the missionary enter- the offer to give $25,000 to any He lived in Apolo of the Pygmy prise will not fail, but will come city in the United States which to glorious -I'ruition. Altogether would raise an additional $75,000 forest."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. By philosophy. After completing 1. Let the approach be unequivo- A. K. Langridge. Illus. 8 vo. 199 cally religious. pp. 2 s. 6 d. Hodder & Stoughton. his theological course at Prince- London. 1935. ton, he spent sixteen years as a 2. Let every Evangelical Christian missionary in Peru where he learn to think Eurindian (a synthesis The New Hebrides Islands of founded the Anglo-Peruvian Col- of European and Indian elements). Melanesia were made famous by John G. Paton whose thrilling lege. As a side issue he became 3. Let there be a profounder apprestories of missionary adventure a professor in the University of hension of Christ crucified. have captivated thousands. Now San Marcos, Lima and lectured the secretary of the John G. for seven years under Y. M. C. A. 4. Let the new Christian communi- Paton Mission briefly reviews ties be educated and equipped for servand continues the story. It was auspices in many cities in Mexico ice. nearly 100 years ago when the and South America. Besides his first Christian missionary ven- 5. Let the new frontiers be adetured among the fierce cannibal books in Spanish, his "The Other quately manned. islanders. John Williams was Spanish Christ," has given him murdered in 1839. Sam 0 a n wid e reputation as an inter- 6. Let all contacts between the Christians volunteered for serv- preter of Latin American in- Americas be Christian. ice in 1854 and many lives were sacrificed. Godless traders and tellectual, social and religious 7. Let us face the full implications raiders made the work much conceptions. This study is more of being Christian. more difficult. popular in sty I e but equally Those who read this illuminat- John G. Paton and his young worthy of careful reading. ing study will have a new underwife landed on Tanna in 1838. Dr. Mackay shows the two standing of Latin Americans and The story of his work is well the problems and opportunities known. Before he died fifty Americas and their peoples in that confront evangelical misyears later medical work had sionaries. The good index is a been started, a Church had been striking contrast. Latin Amer- help and the carefully selected built and the work was formally icans strongly dissent from the reading list invites to further established. In 1922 over 500 study. natives partook of the commu- U. S. A. habit of monopolizing nion. The story is deeply im- the name "American." To them India Calling. The Memories of Corpressive but would be more sat- "The Other America" is of much n~lia Sorabji. Wus. 8 vo. 308 pp. isfactory if the last twenty-five 12 s. 6 d. James Nisbet & Co. Lonyears of the mission had been greater importance. The vari- don. 1935. pictured with greater complete- eties of climate and physical feaness. tures are compared with the Born in India of high class, e d u cat e d Parsee parents, That Other America. By John A. characteristics and forces that brought up in intimate contact Mackay, Ph.D. 8 vo. 214 pn. $1 00. mark the people, their upheavals, with Hindus and Moslems, later Friendship Press. New York. 1935. educated in England, a cultured, ide a I s and institutions. Dr. widely traveled Christian lawyer Latin America is the topic for Mackay is especially illuminat- -such is Dr. Cornelia Sorabji foreign mission study this year ing on Latin American traits. who gives us the very readable (1935-6). Geographically it in- The chapter on their "Dawning story of her life, with intimate cludes the immense continent of pictures of India and her prob- South America (with 10 repub- Vision of God" is illuminating. lems. She reveals not only the lics and three colonies, besides The people have been clouded in influences that molded her own Panama and British Honduras) , life, but takes us behind the Mexico and the Caribbean Is- the past-by materialism, hu- scenes in India as only a woman man philosophy, false religious could-a pioneer woman lawyer teaching, and the failures of -lifting the veil to disclose the pleasures and sorrows, the hu- many professed Christian lead- mor and the tragedies of India's ers. As a result agnosticism and women and children. atheism have captured the intel- lectuals but there is growing evi- dence of the power of Christ to transform life and this is having its effect. Many examples are given.

lands. The variety of languages, The work of evangelical mis- Miss Sorabji studied law in climate, races and the political sions is presented, especially as Oxford, became a barrister and and religious problems make it it is today. Limits of space for- a doctor of laws, and has traveled essential that someone with a bid a detailed account of the mis- widely in Europe and America, clear head, and a knowledge of sion work in the different coun- addressing large audiences. Her the whole, shall bring order out tries but examples are given to friends include some of the most of chaos and point out the main show some of the methods, diffi- notable people of three conti- factors, forces and trends. culties, trends and results. A nents. She comes of an unusu- Dr. Mackay has produced a notable piece of work is that of ally talented family. Her father, very valuable study book, based Dr. George P. Howard, a pioneer Sorabji Kharsedji Langrana, on a clear Christian philosophy, evangelist in many parts of the who became a Christian at peril full of concrete facts and en- continent. In presenting "The of death, was a notable man of riched by personal experiences Challenge to Christian Action," property and standing; her and illustrations from Spanish- Dr. Mackay makes a strong ap- mother was a remarkable and American life. The author is a peal which he develops in seven beautiful w 0 man greatly be- Scotchman and an honor man in points: loved; one sister married Dr.

Pennell, the British missionary reform was to ignore the need The Responsibility of Success. By physician. of the Afghan Fron- for reform. It was put into Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Prebendary tier; another sister, Susie So- words by one of my charming of St. Paul's and General Secretary rabji, was the founder of the St. progressive Indian friends: 'Let C. M. S. 92 pp. Price, $1 or 1 shilling. Church Missionary So- Helena School for girls in Poona. them come into the open and take ciety, London. 1934.

There is a charm, intellectual what we have or die without.' In September, 1934, at Swankeenness and sterling character The new way is legislation- wick, a vital Conference was held by officials, members and about the Sorabji family that is compulsion to renounce the ties reproduced in this book. A true that bind. It has not succeeded. friends of the Church Mission- . . . The way for which I plead ary Society-a conference on the sense of value, touches of humor, state of the work and the prokeen insight and high ideals is, shortly, an understanding gram to be laid out for its ad- heart. . . . The emancipated make the narrative stimulating vancement in view of an acand fascinating reading. The have themselves been brought to cumulated deficit of 100,000 the place where they stand, not pounds and still falling receipts. seven girls and one surviving by compulsory legislation but by boy (two died in infancy), were The C. M. S. was founded in personal conviction based on edu- 1799, and its grave problem now brought up by English tutors, on cation. Only, their progress has is to care for the success which English nursery tales and with been rendered easy by the initial has come to its work under the English discipline and Christian cleavage with ties of their re- blessing of God. Lagging or ideals, but they lived in Indian ligion, where these ties remain, style and were obliged to learn failing work can be dropped is not a different rate of progress without concern, but when an the languages, literature and cus- indicated ?" toms of the people among whom they lived. Thus they were truly Something Happened. By Mildred enterprise is on the very edge of Indian in the best sense. When Cable and Francesca French. 11- great achievement how can it Cornelia Sorabji was only eight Ius. and map. 8vo. 320 pp. Frederyears old she determined to study ick A. Stockes Co. New York. 1934. be dropped or restricted? "The Church of God can never budget law in order that she might help Evangeline French was a ven- for retreat." Dr. Cash has forceher Indian sisters out of some of turesome, independent child, oft- fully described the present situatheir many troubles. She kept en in danger, full of life and tion in this small book. that aim in view and how she hard to manage. What took her realized it in a remarkable de- into the interior of China, as a Illustrations of the Bible from Pergree is told in this narrative- missionary, ready to travel hun- sian Life. By Annie Rhea Wilson. with many fascinating incidents, dreds of miles by mule cart and Pamphlet. 44 pages. 15 cents. the training in law at Oxford-a cam e I, suffering continuous Sold by the Board of Foreign Mispioneer worn a n student who hardship and privation? "Some- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. broke all precedents-presenta- thing happened" to her and to 1935. tion at court, contacts with Eng- Francesca French and Mildred lish nobility and conversations Cable. What it was is told in this The Orient, especially the with members of Parliament. very captivating story of the Near East, throws much light The incidents about noted per- childhood, youth and later years on Bible history and the cussonages are many-some of them of these three interesting wom- toms and figurative language of too much in detail or too scrap- en. Each of the trio heard the Bible times. Mrs. Wilson, durpily told, and others with charm- call to China and went out under ing her life in Persia as a mising completeness. Her two vis- the China Inland Mission. They sionary, gathered many facts its to America are passed over were the heroic stuff out of and incidents that interpret lightly, with little detail. which true missionaries are Bible passages in a charming made and were full of faith and and illuminating way. She But the most effective part of devotion. Here is the story of knows her Bible as well as she the narrative is perhaps the training for service, at home; of knows Persia – customs and story of her actual forty year's their lonely pioneer days in the costumes, names and titles, symwork for her Indian sisters-the far northwest of China. There bols, similes and metaphors, are purdah women, who could not see they spent years of adventure, all paralleled and briefly illusa man lawyer face to face, and and fruitful service in stormy trated by pertinent facts, poems who needed some one to defend Shensi, working among Tibet- and incidents. For example them and to protect their prop- ans, among Buddhist pilgrims in she throws light on swaddling erty rights. Dr. Sorabji also is Sinhiang, among bandits cross- clothes, vows, ornaments, doora pioneer in social service for In- ing the Gobi Desert, and among keepers, water-jars, breaking dia's women and by Indian wom- Europeans on the Russian bor- bread, feasts, kissing, almsgiven. In c los i n g Dr. Sorabji der. The story is full of gripping ing, prayers, fasting, "evil eye," writes: incidents and reveals spiritual salutations, leprosy. She also illustrates symbolical language "The problem is how to lessen life and power at work in and -the door, the vine, the lamp, the shepherd, the Lamb, the cup. the gulf between the orthodox through these messengers of the This pamphlet whets the appe- tite for additional facts to illus- Hindus and the few thousand progressives. The old way.of Cross. It is worth reading. trate Bible truths.

i[bt 1Sing'~ 1Jju~int~~

ASTHMA aDd SUMMER COLDS are UDDec….ry. published by Complete r.li.f only $1.00 postpaid. Nothing .Ise to buy. O••r 40.000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES sold 14st year alone~ Mail $1.00 today for full,euon'. relief to THE DANDEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write lor Fr•• Booklet. jor every member of tbe family circle New Books I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Around a Mexican Patio. Ethel L. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Smither. $1.00, cloth; 75 cents, paper. 120 pp. Friendship Press. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, New York. 1935. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. 169 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily cents, paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Chaos in Mexico. The Conflict in Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Church and State. Chas. S. Mac- Farland. 284 pp. $2. Harpers. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present New York. 1935. available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Eight Things That Matter. W. Graham Scoggie. 64 pp. 6d. Pick- lamison'S Bible Chdrt, or a copy of ObjectJ that Talk dud Tedch, con- ering & Inglis. London. 1935. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Fine Art of Soul-Winning. Wil- liam Wistar Hamilton. 109 pp. 60 these premiums is limited, so order at once. cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. Bap- tist Sunday School Board. Nash- Address: ville. 1935. rrbe 1&ing'5 18usineS5 Der Heilige in Dem Chinesischen Klassikern. Gerhard Rosenkranz. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California 188 pp. M 9.80. J. T. Hein- richs'sche Buchhandlung. Leipzig. Gold Coast Methodism. The First Outline Chalk-Talks on the Spiritual 1935. Hundred Years, 1835-1935. Arthur Life. Abdul-Fady (Arthur T. Up- E. Southon. Illustrated. 158 pp. son). 38 pp. Nile Mission Press. I Am a Christian. Jesse Wilson. 25 Is. and 2s. 6d. 1934. Cairo. 1935. cents. Student Volunteer Move- ment. New York. Japan in Crisis. H. E. Wildes. 300 Die Rechtliche Stellung Christlicher pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. Missionen in China. Dietrich Huse- Into All the World. A. J. Brown and man. Carl Heymann. Berlin. 1935. John D. Freeman. 60 cents. Sun- History of Palestine. Th ~ Last Two day School Board, Southern Bap- Thousand Years. Jacob deHaas. These Sixty Years. The Story of the tist Convention. Nashville. 1935. 523 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New Keswick Convention. Walter B. York. Sloan. 114 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Keeping Our Balance. Eva Taylor. & Inglis. London. 1935. 80 pp. 25 cents. Cokesbury Press. The Color Problems of South Africa. Nashville. 1935. Phelps-StokeS Lectures, 1933, deliv- Some Old Testament Parables. J. ered at the University of Cape Stuart Holden. 128 pp. Is. Pick- Forty-five Years in India. Memoir Town. Edgar H. Brookes. 237 pp. ering & Inglis. London. 1935. and Reminiscences of the Very Rev. 48. 6d. Paul Kegan. London. 1934. Principal Mackichan. Edited by The Triumph of John and Betty. David Williamson. 126 pp. 58. The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism. Mrs. Howard Taylor. 127 pp. 75 Nicholson and Watson. London. L. Austine Waddell, 2d Edition. Il- cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. China lustrated. 646 pp. 258. Heffel'. Inland Mission. Philadelphia. 1935. SA.fPUiS OF OUR SliNDA Y SCHOOL punucA.nONS, Cambridge. OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S DIBLF. STUDIES SE~l fREE O~ REQUEST Joseph Wolff. His Romantic Life A Pageant of Asia. A Study of Three and Travels. H. P. Palmer. 222 Civilizations. Kenneth J. Saunders. pp. 78. 6d. Heath Cranton, Ltd. 248 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New London. 1935. York. Winning the Border. Una Roberts Faiths Men Live By. John C. Archer. Lawrence. 160 pp. Home Mission 497 pp. $2.75. Nelson. New York. Board, Southern Baptist Conven- tion. Atlanta. 1935. Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. Mary Dillingham Frear. With Christ in Soviet Russia. By 325 pp. Privately printed. Vladimir Ph. Martzinkovski. Illus- trated. 12mo. 364 pp. 5 shillings. Lupita. A Story of Mexico in Revo- Nile Mission Press. Jerusalem. lution. Alberto Remhas. 180 pp. 1933. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Our Korean Friends. Frederick S. Miller. Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pages. Off to Panama. B. H. Pearson. 217 Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. pp. 35 cents. Harry Harper, Agent. 1935. Los Angeles, Calif. Waiting for the Coming. .John T. Over the Mexican Border. Hewitt Mawson. 12mo. 124 pages. 2 and Thomas. 138 pp. $1.00, cloth; shillings. Pickering and Inglis. 75 cents, paper. Friendship Press. Glasgow. New York. 1935.

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i; + T It What Do You Know About Those Other Americans? If TT i, ~ THE south of the United States of North America lie other "The ; tf l:}United States." There are sixteen republics, besides a number of colof t f nies, and island dependencies. More than 100,000,000 people who live there , are different in many respects from North Americans and yet they are kin. fT IT They include descendants of Anglo-Saxons, Portuguese, Spaniards, Indians, •t Negroes, Orientals and many mixtures. Most are nominally Roman Catho- It lics but millions of them are atheists or pagans. ','

Why should we send missionaries to Latin Americans?

'Ii Who are these people, and what are their customs and beliefs? How If II many Protestant societies and missionaries are working among them and what are the results in converts, churches and the transformation of society? I'

THE NEXT NUMBER OF THE REVIEW Ij . W ill deal w~thd fithlisd fashcinatin.g. sulbject-Ithedrevol.l~tions, thde.t~ansforhmations, It the unoccuple e s, t e po1lhca , mora an re 19lOUS con ItlOns; t e transi t formations that are taking place; stories of how the work is conducted. + I ! OUR LATIN AMERICA (OCTOBER) NUMBER !! Ii+ The Latin American Republics Religious Trends in Spanish America By MARY WILHELMINE WILLIAMS By JOHN A. MACKAY i t. Some Unevangelized Areas The Influence of the Printed Page i I+•I By JOHN RITCHIE +, By H. C. TUCKER Attitudes of Governments Toward t• Religious Liberty The Living Church in Latin America I, By C. S. DETWEILER By KENNETH GRUBB t. ReligiousHEducation in Latin America The Indians-Pagan and Christian I I•'. By UGH C. STUNTZ t + Emerging Latin American Youth By JOSEPH A. DAVIS Union and Cooperation in Latin i By S. FRANKLIN MACK t f+~ Next Steps in Evangelization America I•.. By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER By WEBSTER E. BROWNING it I, The Gospel for Latin Americans Best Books on Latin America By EDWARD H. HAYMAKER By SAMUEL G. INMAN + There will also be series of sketches of outstanding evangelical Christians, stories of t I notable misisonary work, an article on "The Progress of Women in Latin America" and I,: "Spanish-American Views of Evangelical Work." : ORDER NOW It ~J Single copies, 2S cents $20 per hundred +t The Missionary Review of the World ………….. i if t; …………………._.. ._.T_.h_ir_d_a.n_d.R_ei.l_y..S.tr.e.e.t.s.,.H~_ar_ris._bu_rg_, _Pa…….~_ t

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1934

JULY.AUGUST,1934

The Response of Youth Ezra P. Young A New Day in Giving Robert E. Speer A Challenge from the Near East w. Harold Storm New Lives for Old in Chinatown Donaldina Cameron What Christ Has Brought to China T. z. Koo When Home Mission Income Drops A Symposium

the Service Dates to Remember Church in East Africa since 1907

calls you East of Suez … sail July 5-Aug. 12-Winona School of been elected an honorary life member Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. of the American Bible Society, in July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- recognition of comwicuous service in tian Temperance Union Convention, Stockholm. the revision of the translation of the New Testament into Tswa, spoken in July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on Education and Culture Contacts. Portuguese East Africa and in the Dept. of Education, Yale Univer- sity, New Haven, Conn. Transvaal. *** August 3-10 – United Presbyterian Dr. Francis Shunk Downs, pastor Missionary Conference. New Wil- of the First Presbyterian Church, mington, Penn. Write to W. D. Mc- Berkeley, California, has accepted the Clure, 707 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. invitation of the Chosen Mission to August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. participate in the Golden Jubilee of Berlin. the beginning of Presbyterian mis- August 5-12-Foreign Mission Week sionary work in Korea, to be held in of Southern Baptist Convention, Seoul, the first week of July. Dr. Ridgecrest, N. C. Downs will visit various mission sta- August 10-l7-Conference on Wor- tions in Korea, China and Japan, and ship. Silver Bay, Lake George, N. Y. will fill different preaching and con- ference appointments, meeting with August 21-24–Tenth National Con- groups of missionaries and national vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, church leaders in each one of the three Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- THE ROUTE PREFERRED waukee, Wis. countries.

SINCE 18401 August 21-26-General Conference, *** Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Cross Cunard to England. Salem, W. Va. The Rev. Z'enan M. Corbe, D.D., and embark at London in a great was recently elected Executive Secreship of this Line that tradition- September 4-9 – National Baptist tary of the Board of American Misally and for nearly a century has Convention. Oklahoma City, Okla. sions of the United Lutheran Church carried the vanguard of the Church eastward to all the lands September 12-21- United Church of in America, to fill the office made vabeyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of Canada, General Conference, Kingstransatlantic size and comfort, ton, Ont., Canada. cant by the death of the Rev. Dr. F. stand for the Progress of the West F. Fry. When he was executive secin scores of tropic ports and teem- September 29-Fifth Young Women's ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Congress for United Lutheran retary of the West Indies Board he and the Pacific. Natives measure Church. Dayton, Ohio. established a congregation of West time by their swift and sure arrival. Low rates and new, fast, September 30-0ctober 3-Ninth Bi- Indian Negroes in the Harlem section luxurious ships make the voyage ennial Convention of The Women's an exceptional value. Missionary Society of the United of New York City and more than 650 Lutheran Church. Dayton, Ohio. members are now enrolled in this October 4-13 – General Conference church. *** Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Dr. O. R. Avison, having reached October 17-United Lutheran Church the age limit for missionary service, in America. Savannah, Ga. has resigned both as president of the Personal Items Severance Medical College and of the Dr. W. A. Visser 'T Hooft, a young Hollander, succeeds Dr. John R. Mott Chosen Christian College. As his suc- as head of the World's Student Chris- cessor to the office of president of the tian Federation. Medical College, Dr. K. S. Oh, Vice- *** President, has been elected, and Dr.

Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Hurlburt D. B. Avison succeeds him as vice- have recently celebrated their golden wedding. Mr. Hurlburt, as Director president. of the African Inland Mission soon after the death of its founder, Peter *** Cameron Scott, was instrumental in establishing the work in Kenya Col- Dr. H. H. Underwood, has been ony, guiding its extension into Tang- anyika Territory in 1909, pioneering elected president of Chosen Christian further advance into the Belgian Con- College and Mr. Yu Uck Kyum suc- go in 1912, and in the development of the work in French Equatorial Africa ceeds him to the vice-presidency. Dr. and the West Nile District of Uganda. Underwood is now on furlough but *** expects to return to Seoul in Septem- The Rev. J. F. Persson, a mission- ber. ary of the Methodist Episcopal (Concluded on third cover.) Regular sailings from London, AGENTS W~TED Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can ments, China, Japan, Australia, be sold in quantities to every Mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, East and South sionary Society. It furnishes infor- Africa, etc. mation in brief. interesting form for leaders and discussion groups. Why Complete information from not act as our Agent in your church Your Local Agent or or community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the t;UNARD~LINE same time earn a liberal commission.

GENERAL AGENTS Address-Circulation Manager, 25 Broadway New York The Missionary Review ofthe World, Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY •

REVIEW OF THE WORLD with SPEED DELAVAN L. PmRBoN, Editor COMFORT ECONOMY VOL. LVII Nos. 7-8 Summon Empress ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacific JULy-AUGUST, 1934 CALVERT GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in 10 days on the fast sister-ships, Publication and Business Omce SCHOOL Empress ofRussia and Empress ofAsia Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. ..• the Pacific's shortest, fastest to You r Children crossing. Editorial and Executive Omce OR VIA HONOLULU … the Empress of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City The small children of scores of American Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Entered as second-class matter at parents in China, Japan, Africa, India and and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act many other countries are receiving their en- lulu in 5 days, Yokohama in just 8 of March 3, 1879. tire elementary education from Calvert days more. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. School in Baltimore. REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES __ • Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Orient fares include passage from Published monthly, except August. Thorough instruction Is given from first Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. grade to high school by means of daily les- Tourist, low-priced Third Class. sons In all fundamental subjects. Also, an FREQUENT SAILINGS. _. from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- abundantly rich background is provided by couver (trains to ship-side) and the addition of subjects not taught in the Victoria. Orient ports-of-call: LISHING CO., INC. average school. Fascinating lessons in his- Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, BOARD OF DIRECTORS tory of art, nature study, astronomy, geology Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. RoBERT E. SPEER, President and physics enliven the course. Booklets, information •.. from your WM. I. OHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President own travel agent or any Canadian WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Later when Calvert pupils take their Pacific office in N ew York, Boston, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary places with other Children, they usually take Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT advanced standing. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Winnipeg, and many other cities WM. B. LIPPHARD The school furnishes a year's lessons at in United States and Canada. ERIC M. NORTH once for only $40, including all books and MILTON T. STAUFFER complete equipment consisting of pencils, pa- A. L. W ARNBHUIB per, attractive maps, charts and the most SAMUEL M. ZWEMER modern of educational devices. If extra as- sistance is desired by parents the school Editorial Chat gives a monthly criticism service at a most reasonable cost. Heads of missionary boards Already there has been a large de- have commendad on the very moderate cost mand for our special "Orientals in of Calvert instruction. America" number. Send your order for extra copies now before the supply In many places groups have been organis exhausted. Other valuable articles ized and are successfully taught by mothers on Orientals appear in this number with no teaching experience. All the courses, and more will follow. including 'a splendid Kindergarten course (,$10.50), are suitable for either individual *** or group instruction. Special rates are of- fered for groups. The present issue of THE REVIEW is a double number–July-August, as Virgil M. Hillyer, originator of Calvert announced. There will be no sep- home instruction school courses wrote "A arate August issue but the special Child's History of the World" and "A Child's October number will be extra size, Geography," successful books filled with the with some unusually valuable articles life and interest that brighten all Calvert on Japan. Send in your orders early. home lessons. Mail coupon today. It will be published September 25th. (See back cover for partial list of CALVERT SCHOOL articles.) 187 E. Tuscany Road, Balti- more, Md. *** Please send me full informa- Here are a few of the comments of tion, including sample lessons. readers showing why they find it worth while to read and recommend Name ……..••……..•••.• THE REVIEW-will you help us to extend the usefulness of the magazine? Address ……••..•.••.•••.•• *** Child's Age •••••….•••.••••• "The June issue is an extremely in- "It would be impossible for me to teresting number and ought to do tell you what a help and inspiration much good." and blessing I find in THE REVIEW. I am president of our Missionary So- CHAS. D. HURREY, General Secre- ciety, and director of Missionary In- tary, Comwittee on Friendly struction in the Church School, and Relations Among Foreign Stu- feel that I could not satisfactorily fill dents, New York. either place, without your wonderful help." *** MRS. W. F. GARVIN, Tulsa, Okla. "THE REVIEW gets better all the time-the June issue is splendid." *** AMELIA D. KEMP, Women's Mis- "I wish to express appreciation for sionary Society, United Lu- the splendid department that Mrs. theran Church, Phila., Pa. Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. I wish that many more women were subscribing for this magazine."

MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom.- an's Missionary Society of the Evangelical Church.

[321 ]

YEElN JEONG-SAVED TO SERVE Donaldlna ClUIleron, Lo Mo, nemesis of Chinese slave

discusses with Immigration Inspector, J. R. McGra.th, the fate of little Chole Lee, just a.rrlved from China.. Carol Green Wilson , an Interested spectator, Is the author of " Chinatown Quest," the story of Miss Cameron's long fight against the traffic fn Chinese slav.e girls.

GROUP OF WOMEIN AND GIRLS AT CHINESE MISSION HOME, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA WORKING WITH GIRLS IN CHINATOWN (See page 327)

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVII JULY-AUGUST, 1934 NUMBERS SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times AFTER COLLEGE-WHAT? Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent It is reported that some one hundred and seventy thousand young men and young women were Attend church regularly ……….. 70 27 graduated in June from American colleges, uni- Belief in pacifism …………….. 11 58 versities and technical schools. What will they do Think all Christians must be church 35 members ……………………. 83 with the training they have received? How well While these answers may not be typical of all have the teachers, their courses of study and the colleges and universities, they show the general scholastic influences prepared them to take their trend of modern education. Is it strange that places in the world so as to render effective serv- only a small proportion of graduates seem to put i<;e for God and man? A college or university is God first and are ready to offer their lives for to be judged by its output-by the ideals, the sacrificial Christian service? Much of college life purpose, the preparedness and ability of the grad- is taken up with sports, with humanistic philosuates to meet life's problems and to make the ophy and materialistic views of the universe. most of their opportunities. While many students have ideals of service for humanity, a large proportion seem to have as Among the factors that greatly influence the their chief ambition money getting. Comparativeoutput are the home, the church, and the personal ly few have learned to look for God's plan in their character of the individual student. In the same lives or listen to hear His call to Christlike living soil and rain and sunshine grow both weeds and and service either at home or abroad. A very roses. The most important factors are the seed large proportion of the students for the ministry sown and the care in cultivation. and the missionary volunteers come from the smaller denominational colleges. A professor in a state college recently sent us the results of a questionnaire answered by the But there are many of these Christian colleges same group of students at the close of each of the and there are thousands of students who learn in four years of their course. This questionnaire re- them to see God at work in the universe and to veals some things about the influence of that col- seek His plan for their lives. Christian parents lege on the minds and characters of the students. will do well to enroll their sons and daughters in The following are some of the revelations shown the school of Christ which will prepare them for by the contrast at the end of the first and the His service. fourth years of their course.

Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent THE NEW LIFE MOVEMENT IN CHINA Belief in a personal God ……….. 84 60 Belief in evolution …………….. 15 72 The Chinese acknowledge that present-day Belief in Bible inspiration ……… 75 35 China shows many signs of weakness and decay. Belief in Bible miracles ………… 88 46 Belief in answers to prayer …….. 85 65 Theoretically the principles and ideals set forth Use tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 80 by the late Dr. Sun Yat Sen offer a program Approve of women smoking ……… 17 54 promising to promote progress-if these princi- Disapprove of gambling ………… 62 26 Consider "petting" an evil ………. 73 70 ples can be carried out successfully. The chief Consider dancing harmful ………. 50 8 difficulty is that this program does not take suf- Against Sunday movies, etc. …….. 60 77 ficiently into account foreign influences-like J a- [323 ]

pan-that hinder its fulfilment, or the moral weak- Dr. Chu goes on to say that this Movement nesses of human nature as seen in Chinese leaders should begin with the daily life of the individual themselves-the selfishness, dishonesty and ambi- and culminate in the harmonious development of tion that lead to corruption in politics and busi- all his faculties, it should also, starting with the ness. Some Chinese statesmen have expressed the individual, eventually permeate the whole nation. conviction that China's greatest needs are the "If we cannot do things, we cannot acquire real moral strength and high standards found in knowledge. If we cannot regulate our own life, Christ alone. we cannot regulate our country. If we cannot regulate our daily life, we cannot regulate our Recently Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, the most prom- whole personality." The New Life Movement aims inent military and political leader in China—':and at the orderly development of the life of the naa professing Christian-has launched what is tion through spiritual influences and through called "The New Life Movement." This has readiness to make sacrifices. found many advocates and adherents among the Chinese who see in it a new ray of hope for Many movements have been started in China rejuvenation and moral progress. It is not with various objectives-the class-war movement, avowedly Christian, but advocates Christian ideals the proletarian literary movement, and others that of life. Dr. Chu Chia-Hua, Minister of Communi- are nothing more than depreciated theories cations, says in The People's Tribune: smuggled in from foreign countries. They do not improve the daily life of the individual, but make Our country is in a perilous condition. The economic victims of innocent youths. The New Life Movesituation in the rural districts has grown worse until the ment aims at the salvation of the individual and population is confronted with the spectre of bankruptcy. of the nation. Political inability and social unrest have sapped and lowered the vitality of the nation. Communists have Dr. Chu continues: played havoc with life and property as well as our cultural and spiritual inheritance in the regions which they infest. The problem of education is closely related to the pres- At the same time, the great forces moving the present-day ent Movement. Politeness and courtesy are gone, 'order world have caused us to lose our balance. What is worse, and discipline have disappeared, and the sense of responmany of our countrymen are trying to destroy the founda- sibility is a virtue conspicuous for its rarity. Flourishing tion upon which we had built the superstructure of our like noxious plants are corruption, confusion, and the sen~e civilization. of futility and world weariness.

The New Life Movement, therefore, answers the urgent During the National Education Conference of 1928 the demand of the whole nation. We are naturally most anx- Chung Shan University, together with the Departments ious to find a way out of the difficulties which beset our of Education of Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces, path. It is our duty to arouse our fellow-countrymen to brought up a proposal to base national education upon work together in starting a new life, at the same time the Three Peoples' Principles, so as to effect the renaisbringing about the renaissance of the Chinese nation. sance of the Chinese nation. With this end in view, for the last two or three years, the Ministry of Education has This Movement is based upon the spirit of the Chinese endeavored to reform public education in China. General people as revealed in its history, and its aim is to enrich Chiang's purpose in starting the New Life Movement is and deepen that spirit. Unfortunately, since the Sung to remould the whole social fabric so as to develop the Dynasty, the splendor of Chinese civilization has been Chinese people. dimmed, and the Chinese today have lost confidence in the historical mission of their race. It is true that with the Any other reform movement that is to be perintroduction of Western civilization many reform move- manent must include the education of the youth. ments have been started, but they have been launched But reform and education are not sufficient. New either with a veneer of slavish imitation of Western civili- life calls for a spiritual "new birth," and that zation, or with entire disregard of the historical back- comes only through the Spirit of God working in ground of China. human hearts.

Our late leader, Sun Yat Sen has shown that if we The elements of truth and strength in this "New want to renew the strength of our nation, we must revital- Life Movement" are not rooted in Chinese history ize the old moral values, which are wisdom, loving kind- and ethics, however good these may be. Many ness, and courage and which, stated in other terms, are would-be leaders in Germany are defying Teuloyalty, filial devotion, kindness, love, faithfulness, justice, tonic history and tradition and advocate discardpeace, and harmony. These constitute the essence of the ing all that is foreign-including the Biblespirit of the Chinese people as revealed in history which whether true or false. China, Japan, India, Geris ages old. The purpose of our late leader was to enrich many, Italy, Turkey, cannot reach their goal by and deepen that spirit through moral influence, and to making a god of nationalism. Truth must be acreplace the principle of might with the principle of right- cepted because it is true, and life is begotten of eousness. General Chiang Kai-shek in selecting propriety, life. Since there is one true God, He alone can give life. How can man-made standards, either justice, integrity and the sense of shame as the basis of ancient or modern, be substituted for the eternal the New Life Movement, is also prescribing the right God and His Way of Life as r~vealed in Christ? remedies for prevailing diseases, for to those who want to cure the ills of China, the spiritual heritage of our race is a perennial source of inspiration. All of us who are in this movement should observe courtesy and decency in our intercourse with other people, should have a sense of justice, a sense of shame, and scrupulously refrain from fraudulent practices.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The fruits of righteousness come from the roots as of our blessings, and is a concrete expression of true spiritual life. of thanks for daily mercies.

"We are finding that in this the second year THE CENT-A-MEAL PLAN many are adopting the Cent-a-Meal Plan who re- fused to take it a year ago. In other cases, how- "Many a mickle makes a muckle." The widow's ever, the interest is waning. We expect to receive mites have been more effective in the long run in considerably more this year than last, as many the work of the Kingdom of God than the millions churches started on the system towards the close of dives. Some missionary workers are not dis- of the year. We feel, as a United Church, that it couraged when streams of benevolence cease to has been a great blessing to us. Had it not been flow abundantly. They pray to God to touch the for the $100,000 received from this means we hidden springs that never dry up, knowing that would have been under compulsion to curtail our He is able to bring water even from the rock. work again in 1934. The Cent-a-Meal Box made When the large gifts ceased and deficits faced it possible for us to close our books with the very the missionary work of the United Church of small deficit of $32,000 on the budget of $2,615,- Canada, many small gifts were sought, backed by 000."

sacrifice and prayer and the Cent-a-Meal Box Plan *** was adopted for missionary offerings. What has been the result? In reply to our inquiry the Rev. This same plan has been promoted by the Stu- George A. Williams of Toronto, who promoted the dent Volunteer Movement and has been a real plan in the United Church of Canada, writes: blessing. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, General Secretary, writes: "The Cent-a-Meal Box was originally devised, not to take the place of any system now being "The idea in the Cent-a-Meal Plan of contribuused, but rather as a simple means of making it tions for financial support was adapted to our possible for people in times of depression to sup- needs as an appeal primarily to students and plement their contributions, and more particularly friends whose help students might enlist. Plain, to reach people who do not contribute through the unvarnished, substantial wooden boxes were se- Duplex Envelope, and in many cases are not found cured large enough to hold 150 pennies. On the frequently in church. We discovered that less front of each was pasted a lable which reads: than 50% of our church membership contribute In Gratitude to the Giver of All Good Gifts regularly to missions, and it was to reach this un- productive field of noncontributors that we de- I (or we) dedicate vised the Cent-a-Meal Box. A – CENT – A – MEAL "The plan has been introduced in 1,930 parishes for and 125,000, or one-quarter of all our families in the United Church of Canada, are now using 1. The Current Budget of the S. V. M. them. We did not get started until late in the 2. The Movement's Twelfth Quadrennial Convention. year 1933 and have not a complete report as to the amounts received .from the boxes, but we dis- (December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936) covered that we have through this means raised 3. Christian Missions Abroad. at least $100,000. We have succeeded also in en- All gifts received will be apportioned equally among the causes listed.

listing the support of a great number of new con- On the bottom of the box is another label readtributors and in some cases, after using the box ing: for six months, these new contributors use the regular Duplex Envelope. In one church where A-Cent-A-Meal as a thank-offering to God for the joy 150 boxes were in use, 50 new contributors began a·nd strength and courage of every day. to use the envelope system at the beginning of When the box is filled, open by scraping off this label and cutting along edges of hinged wooden flap. Push in this year. end just to the left of the nail hinge. Remove contents and send by check or money order to THE STUDENT VOLUN- I'There are also many indications of the educational and spiritual value of the ,use of the boxes. TEER MOVEMENT. Thousands of children have learned to say "Grace" at the table, using the words on the box, "As we Seal box again (with extra seal provided inside) for partake of Thy bounties, 0 Lord, we would be further use. mindful of the needs of others." This method has "As the money reaches our office it will be ap- portioned as follows: offered an opportunity to teach Christian steward- "1. One-third to the current expenses of the ship in the homes and has made the missionary movement in support of its missionary, educa- work more real to the members of the family. It tional and recruitment work in the colleges and is a constant reminder of our obHgations as well universities of the United States and Canada.

"2. One-third to the building up of a Twelfth feature with the confident expectation that the attendance would greatly increase when people Quadrennial Convention Fund. This convention realized the value of the meetings. will be held December 28, 1935 through January 1, 1936. This will initiate the commemoration of The total attendance at conferences was 9,052; the Fiftieth Anniversary of the beginning of the at schools and service clubs 6,727; the grand total addressed was 21,852. The cities were much movement-1886-1936. smaller than those approached last year and the conference character of these meetings was in "3. One-third to some Christian missionary distinction from the mass meeting type. In the projects now being carried on by Student Volun- main the attendance comprised those who were teers, the project to be determined by the General already committed to Christian missions and their support. Council of the movement." There are four areas in which further study This plan appealed readily to many of the and planning are needed to make these conferstudent constituency as affording an interesting ences more effective: (1) In the educational technique which will make it possible to register and practicable method of contributing to the results in churches in each community. (2) A work. Some 1,400 boxes have been distributed. new study of ways in which the younger genera- Names and addresses for most of these are on file, tion can be inspired with the missionary passion and their enthusiasm enlisted. (3) More definite and statements about the movement have been plans for reaching members of the church who are sent to them at intervals of some six weeks. interested in the changes that are taking place which condition the effectiveness of missionary Recently a call has been made for funds col- work and which call for modifications in the pro- gram. These forward looking people need to be lected, but with the suggestion that such funds informed of the changing strategy in missions should be sent only when the box is "stuffed like and the support of the whole church enlisted for a Thanksgiving turkey." Some fifty-two have such changes as are inevitable. (4) The inclusion of features in the program of home base promosent in gifts. The general secretary says: tion as will reach the people not interested in missions at present but those potentialities ought "We believe the plan has had some real educa- to be enlisted. Many people should be able to give time to the promotion of additional interests. If tional value. It has deepened interest in the move- the missionary forces are sufficiently awake to the ment in a circle much larger than that represented possibilities in this field they can secure increasby actual participants in the plan. It has created ingly large amounts of time for the development of a program that will enlist them in definite acan expectancy with regard to the Twelfth Quad- tivities for the advancement of Christian missions. Christian missions should become a hobby in the rennial Convention. It has called forth prayer for best sense for many who in the years ahead will missions and has focussed peoples' minds on the have opportunities for devoting themselves to new necessity of giving to Christian causes in even interests which they have never had before. though only in small amounts. The gifts will enable us to bring encouragement and help to Stu- The campaign committee has begun to formudent Volunteers at work under various mission late plans for a continent-wide series of united missionary conferences for next fall and winter. boards throughout the world." , Tentative plans involve a team with Dr. T. Z. Koo as one of the speakers for cities on the Pacific MAKING MISSION CONFERENCES coast during October, for the mid-West in Novem- EFFECTIVE ber, for Canada in December, for New England and the Atlantic states in January and February, A series of foreign mission meetings were held and for the South in March. (April 10 to 25) in Hackensack, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Plainfield and Bridgeton, New Jersey, There is a very favorable response to the united and Allentown, Bethlehem and Easton, Pennsyl- approach exhibited in these missionary confervania, with as speakers Rev. Frank T. Cartwright, ences. It becomes increasingly apparent that these D.D., Miss Olive E. Jones, Hartman A. Licht- united missionary meetings are of great signifiwardt, M.D., Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Rev. cance in the effort to portray the missionary enter- J. Roy Strock, D.D., and Miss Sue E. Weddell. prise in its true proportions.

The messages given were of very high character. The conferences with ministers on the conduct of missions and with mission study leaders and church officers were well attended and developed much interest.

One of the leading pastors at the close of a round table meeting remarked: "I have got more out of this morning's conference than from any similar meeting that I ever attended."

The hope was expressed in a number of centers that thp, conferences could be made an annual

Lives for Old in

By DONALDINA CAMERON, I San Francisco, California }9- Superintendent of the PresByterian Mission Home W HILE in early days Argonauts from the in the little Western China on the Pacific Coast, wide world over were following veins of passed the torch to other women and a group was glittering gold woven by old "Mother organized for service. Lode" through canyon and crest of California's Miss S. M. Cummings, appointed as missionary, lofty Sierras and fair valleys, another smaller was established in a wee three-room Mission group of pioneers, Home that became mostly women, actu- the nucleus for the ated by higher and g rea t e r spiritual nobler mot i v e s building that was to found and followed rise and through a richer v e i n of future years was to pur e r gold than become a power ever rewarded the house,. Its corner- weary labor of those stone was laid on who followed the the rock of faith far-famed Mother and prayer offered Lode. in an obscure Chi- Sixty years ago, nese Mission House t h r e e d e v 0 ted in old San Fran- American worn e n cisco.

met in a little "up- Deep shafts went per chamber" 0 n down year aft e r the edge of old year into the sub- Chi n a to w n, San soil of old China- Francisco. Tho s e town, reI e a sin g were the intensely wealth of precious materialistic early go I d for mintage days of which Bret that has borne the Harte wrote: King's Image and I know thy cunning and Superscription far thy greed, and wide for the re- lief of China's deep Thy hard high lust and Sp.Ul. t ua Ipovt er y. wilful deed, To other peoples And all thy glory loves and countries far to tell and near, the light, Of specious gifts ma- terial.

Mrs. John Gulick, the truth and the a missionary of the way of life have American Board re- AMERICAN AND CHINESE HELPERS IN THE MISSION HOME been made known turning from China bee a use a little to New England, group of women, was one of that early group. When parting from with deep love and high courage in their hearts, her two friends she confidently assured them, discovered, mined and minted our Western Chi- "God will honor your faith." Imbued with hope nese "Mother Lode." Redeemed and revivified and courage Mrs. Ira Condit and Mrs. C. H. Cole, lives are their enduring monument today on both both Eastern women whose missionary zeal sent sides of the world.

them forth to serve Chinese women and children The first small group, augmented by other [327 ]

dauntless spirits, were the vanguard of the great too must be fed. There were little sisters of no empire builders on this far-flung coast. They practical value, though they might be in later surely were envisioned in Isaiah's prophetic as- years; so the eldest girl was offered a ready sac- surance, "I will go before thee and make crooked rifice, but the cost of her own life was greater places straight, I will break in pieces the gates than Ah So dreamed.

of brass and cut in sunder the bars of iron." These God knew that strong unselfish soul and His words were spoken for King Cyrus, but are al- Spirit followed her. The Arm that is never short- ways and forever the heritage of all true servants ened in its saving outreach gathered Ah So from of the King Eternal. bondage of body and spirit, lifting her into liberty, and shedding into her soul a radiant light that has illumined many other lives.

In the deep of tragic surroundings, alone and friendless in a far country, bartered for gold by the one who brought her from her own home in China to America, Ah So poured out her heart to the woman whom she still honors with the sacred title of "mother." This letter, written in Chinese and found by those whom a Father's love sent in quest of lost Chinese girls, is an open window I into the soul of one of the finest ever discovered.

CHINESE MISSION HOME "920'" SACRAMENTO ST., Letter front Ah So to Her Mother Found in Suitcase SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA After Arrest in Fresno February 7, 1924 Those who serve God have infinite resources; To My Honorable Mother, Greetings: so His servants have always received from Him a golden goblet brimming over with Water of I have left you for several months. I hope you are well Life to share with a weary, thirsty world. In and so my heart will be at peace. I received your letter sharing, the marvel and glory of refilling is and heard about the children. I am very glad to receive wrought and refreshment for the great task given. this news.

*** Your daughter has come to America. I have been ill for several months and have not yet recovered. . . . The We invite you to meet the family of Mrs. L. Q. man, Huey Yow, who brought me to California, compelled whose life story proves this truth. What family me to pay him one thousand dollars. I have already done has no hidden skeleton in its attic or ghost that so. haunts its soul in quiet moments? We try to draw a curtain across dark moments in life and Mother, you must be sure to take good care of yourself firmly close doors to keep away shadows, but only and not worry. This illness of your daughter is not very the full light from the face of Jesus Christ, when serious. In a few days probably there will be two or all of life is turned over to Him, can fully dispel three hundred dollars sent you for New Years. these haunting shadows. So it has been with the life of this happy Chinese wife and mother. Your daughter's condition is very tragic, . . . Daugh- ter is not angry with you. It seems to be just my fate. The Story of Ah So In ancient times, the Chinese legends say, there was a man, Man Jung, who wept under a bamboo tree out of Ah So came to the United States ten years ago, filial reverence for his parents. Another man, Wong sent forth by her mother to find in Kum Shan Cheong, was going to Pekin to see the Emperor to ask (Gold Mountain) wealth for her family living in redress for wrongs done his parents, and it was so cold dire poverty in China. This daughter had little he must sleep on ice. These two great heroes left their value in the eyes of that pagan mother. There honorable names behind them as examples of filial piety. were brothers that must, of course, be taken care of. Then there was an old helpless father who After I have earned money by living this life . . . I will return to China and become a Buddhist nun. If, hav- ing earned money for my mother, I am able to expiate my sin also by becoming a nun, I shall be grateful to my mother. By accomplishing these two things I shall have attained all the requirements of complete filial piety.

If people treat me kindly, I shall be kind to them. Even if they treat me unkindly, I shall still be kind to them. Since I have not done evil to others, why should others do evil to me? At home, a daughter should be obedient to her parents; after marriage to her husband; after the death of her husband, to her son. These are the three great obediences.

Be sure not to have any trouble with Ah Ging and Meung Ping. As in the building of a house there are twelve beams and you do not know which is the strongest, so in a family you cannot judge which will be the most dependable one. A son is a human being, and so is a daughter. At home, everybody looks down upon a daugh- ter. How is it now? When I was at home, mother, you looked down upon me as a daughter. Since daughter

NEW LIVES FOR OLD IN CHINATOWN

came to California, by right she should forsake you. But, his father. Paul is growing to be a big boy. He has a in thinking it over, the greatest virtue in life is reverence cold now and does not feel so well. He is running around to parents, so I am keeping a filial heart. My present and is learning to talk. misfortune is due to the sins of a previous incarnation. Now I may be somebody's daughter, but some day I may I am taking care of my brother-in-Iaw's son. He is a be som,ebody's mother. little boy about ten years old. He minds very well and wishes to become a Christian and live a Christian life. Years have passed since that letter was written and discovered. Release of body, mind and spirit Mae (our daughter) will graduate from the University came to Ah So; after long seeking and much in- of Washington this coming June. She wishes to return to ward conflict with fear, depression and distrust, China to do work. She studies bacteriology at the unifaith and love triumphed. God spoke definitely versity. to Ah So through His own Word and a broken life was given over to be rebuilt, a new stone was Lo Mo, when I look at my three children, I always think laid in the "Temple not made with hands, eternal of you and your workers at the Mission Home. If it were in the heavens." not for your help, I would not have what I do. I am again very thankful to you. When these children grow up, I A life renewed and other lives renewed by it is hope they will do God's work and be His disciples. There revealed in the following letter written by Ah So is a lot of His work to be done in this world especially in ten years after her former letter was penned. China where so many are suffering both mentally and This letter came addressed to the foster-mother physically. Mary and Eva will return to this country next of her loved Mission Home family in San Fran- year and finish their work and then return to China. cisco. A TRAGEDY AVERTED-AH SO AND HER FAMILY *** (See page 328) DECEMBER 28, 1933. The girls and I are getting along fine. You need not be My Dear Lo Mo: worried of that. I am again grateful and thankful to God for His help. It has been a long while since I have written you, but there has not been a moment in which I have not thought I hope you will take good care of yourself and please of you and friends at the Mission Home. I hope this give my love to teachers. Christmas has been a joyous one. Lovingly yours, Lo Mo, I am so happy that you have found such a won- AB So. derful place for the fifty dollars. Your suggestions are always for the best and where it will receive the most The latest word comes, as a Sixtieth Annivergood. I am happy to have you carry out your plans. sary greeting to the Home through which her own life and the lives of others have been redeemed. We came back to America last year in May. We felt that a living was much easier to make in this country than Dearest Lo Mo, teachers and friends: China. With these small children, it will take a long while Congratulations on your sixtieth anniversary. Would before they are able to care for themselves. We stayed with friends while our home was being built. I have been like to come and celebrate with you but it is too far, canbusy, very busy since then. Mary and Eva are in Hongkong going to school. We felt it was an opportunity for will not come. I am wiring telegram for memory of the them to receive a Chinese education, something that they could not attain here. They are cared for by their Ki school, Lo Mo, teachers and friends. Hope God bless Neang and Ki Yea, who are both Christians. the school as long as the world lasts.

My sister is also staying with them. They are always MRS. L. Q. thoughtful of you too. They are all living in our home. My sister has become a Christian. She and my adopted Yeen Jeong girl were baptized this Christmas. I adopted this girl from my father-in-law who wished to take her as his sec- "Faith is the substance of thAngs hoped for, the eviond wife. Upon hearing this, I immediately took her to dence of things not seen." my home. She is now going to school with my two girls and sister. She is happy and I have named her Wai Goy. Contrast the childhood of a life without God, This is interpreted as God's love, and I love her. then follow its growth and maturity as it first touches through the faith of another, and then by My mother died before our return to China. Before her its own faith knows and walks with God in ever death she said she could not entrust the two smaller brothers and two sisters to anyone excepting myself. On my return I tried my best to fulfill her wish and care for them. One of the sisters is married and the other one staying with the three girls.

The two smaller brothers are in a Christian home for children. These two boys have not yet been baptized but want to become Christians after they grow older. My married sister is baptized and a Christian woman. I am very grateful and thankful to God that my husband is willing to care for these smaller brothers and sister and help them.

On November 3d this year we had another baby girl. Her name is Ruth. William is well and goes out with his father on the truck every day. He enjoys working with

deepening companionship to the place which it So the seeds dropped many, many years before now holds, giving the Water of Life to other in the heart of her sister began to yield flowers in thirsty souls. Yeen Jeong's life.

Yeen Jeong spent her childhood in northern Now she stands on a new threshold, no longer Siskayou the companion and sole comfort of an the fearful timid child in search of shelter from a older sister who was the unhappy victim of an ruthless fate that seemed to pursue her sister and old-time arranged marriage with a husband who herself; but a confident intelligent girl, knowing in age, habits of life and disposition was utterly the security of Him in whom she had come to beunfit and unworthy of the lovely child wife he had lieve and put her trust, asking guidance for "the purchased. With all the devotion of a tender lov- next step." Desiring to pass on her new-found ing heart Yeen Jeong's sister guarded the little blessings Yeen Jeong asks, "What shall I do next, child turned over to her when their mother re- to prepare for life?" What shall be her special turned to China. line of service? Constantly the cry from Oriental The Western lumber camp where these sisters countries for more medical missionaries stirs our lived offered no incentive for the finer things of hearts, and we hear again Peter's challenge, life, but there had been instilled in the heart of "Silver and gold have we none; but as I have give the elder Chinese girl during two short years I thee; in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth when as a little child her life touched the life of rise up and walk." a noble American Episcopal Deaconess in old Teaching, journalism, other possibilities were Chinatown, a love and longing for the better things of life which prompted her to learn to read considered but medicine seemed the way that of- fered greatest opportunities for practical service and write, and later lead her to correspond with the Presbyterian Mission Home, groping for help along with spiritual opportunity. Through her and comfort in her own sad life. own steadfast efforts, working in an American home, making intelligent use of her technical Lux When at last the inevitable crisis came and her School training Yeen Jeong managed to finish loved little sister needed protection, Mrs. Wong Junior College. Stanford University accepted her had established friendly relations with those who though only a very limited number of women stu- could do for Yeen Jeong what she alone was un- dents are admitted to Stanford. Yeen Jeong able to do. She secretly sent her sister to the bravely began the impossible task of "working her Mission Home to ask protection and guidance. way" through college, but the heavy pre-medical It was well that she did thus safeguard the one course she had undertaken proved more than even she could carry, and just as the way to her goal she loved for not long after her own life was sud- seemed closed friends rallied to her help. denly transplanted beyond the withering influences of evil and sorrow, but she was spared to Mrs. H. B. Pinney, former president of that know the joy of having placed her dearest earthly noble group of Presbyterian women, "The Occicompanion on the way to that fuller life so much of which she herself had failed to attain in this dental Board of Foreign Missions," still carrying on the spirit of its early organizers, though now world. Yoke Yeen Jeong arrived at the threshold of merged in other Boards of the church, came to the the Presbyterian Mission Home at 920 Sacra- aid of this former protege of the Mission Home, mento Street a bewildered child of fifteen whose and another retired president of the same Mislife had been cramped and thwarted by untoward sion Board, Mrs. Cyrus Wright whose life had circumstances and darkened by the cruel perver- been poured forth from girlhood in the great sity of older people who hindered instead of cause of Missions, took up the task of helping helped an unusually bright and eager mind to un- Yeen Jeong help herself through college. It was fold; but so wonderful is the alchemy of love that a happy reward after two years to see their ward her sister's devotion kept Yeen Jeong's courage lead the long procession of black gowned graduand hope alive until she found sanctuary in the ates through the beautiful "Quad" of Stanford Home where gradually all the deep longings of her University on Commencement Day. Yeen Jeong was now ready for the last step in her long climb disappointed childhood came to fruition. upward. Con~ultation with a few friends and the Grammar school was quickly completed in the sympathetic Dean of Stanford Medical School led Yeen Jeong to decide upon the Women's Medical Home School; then came four practical helpful College of Pennsylvania, where so many medical years of high school work, at Lux Technical School, where valuable lessons in home economics prepared Yeen Jeong to help herself through serv- missionaries and Christian Chinese doctors have ice in domestic work, thus she managed to win received their training.

through' high school, gaining the love and con- First there came one quiet year of Bible study fidence of many friends, and finishing as presi- in Philadelphia. Then with the continued help of dent of her class. Mrs. C. S. Wright, and the Presbyterian Scholar-

UTE INDIANS PETITION FOR A CHURCH

ship Aid Fund, also some help from Mrs. Milton Could we have a happier, more satisfying seal Stewart of Pasadena and other friends Yeen placed on years of service for God and the world Jeong completed her medical course. than that of a life given freely, thoroughly trained, and with loyalty to God and His Great Longing to return to her own Chinese associates Commission, placed at His service largely through in the West, application was made for an intern- the generous help of the former president of the ship at the Los Angeles Hospital. No Oriental Occidental Board? The prayers of all friends of internes had been accepted at this hospital for missions are earnestly asked for this young Chiseven years; but Yeen Jeong's excellent creden- nese doctor, Yeen Jeong. tials and the solicitation of many friends won her a place which she has acceptably filled for the past To a friend she herself quoted Tagore's lines year. A position was offered our young doctor acknowledging the source from which her blessimmediately at the close of her hospital course ings have flowed: which she is now filling. Thou hast made me known to friends whom I knew not, At the Sixtieth Anniversary Celebration of her Thou hast given me seats in homes not my own, old Mission Home, Yeen Jeong drove from dawn Thou hast brought the distant near, till late afternoon over the wide reaches of the And made a brother of the stranger. San Joaquin Valley and the hills that divided her present place of service from San Francisco, that Dr. Jeong now lives a life in harmony with the she might meet·and greet the friends of her early lines written by one far greater than the Indian girlhood, and especially the faithful friends whose poet: "Thou lovest righteousness and hatest wickrepresentative she hopes to be before long among edness; therefore God, even thy God, hath her own great nation in China. anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows."-Psalm forty-five.

Ute Indians Petition for a Church O N NOVEMBER 1, 1933, a large company . of Utes and Navajos gathered in the assem- bly rooms of the Towaoc Indian School, Colorado, for the purpose of meeting a commis- In God the "'At.h'lr, J e3u.! J,r l ,,, "'1'it J.m, ~'r•..l. ill ih"' ibly ,!>lrlt"e l:I•.!ll ,l'I~; ~" … ,,,HI.I· t,,,; t) .'/Jl l;> tw tl'lune God anJ. sion from the Presbytery of Pueblo in response to vroClota 11:; .!auae , VIe hel:'~by petitt on t Il e .!'ruD1Lery oJ! Puebl,,) a petition by Utes for the organization of a church. NAMES AND FINGER-PRINTS OF INDIANS WHO SIGNED THE PETITION FOR… A PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH After a full discussion of the matter on the part of the Indians and the visitors, and after a con- fession of faith in Jesus Christ, made by those who were ready to unite with the church, and the baptism of those who had not already been bap- tized, the Towaoc Indian Presbyterian Church was formally organized with eighty charter mem- bers. Fourteen were baptized. The first name on the petition for organization was that of the Chief of the Tribe, John Miller. His name was followed by the names of all the other chief men who are members of the Tribal Council. Most of the signatures were made by thumb-print.

The missionary in charge of this field, Mr. Rus- sell, says that the eighty charter members do not by any means include all who would like to unite witli the church. He looks for a ve~y encouraging ingathering during the coming yellr. The new congregation is greatly in need of a" church build- ing which will contain accommodations also for recreational and other activities. The only build- ing available at the present time is the Govern- ment school. The Utes are very poor and unable to provide the funds and it would greatly encour- age this new Indian congregation if some friends of the Indian work would contribute money to establish a church building for them, making it the center of further evangelizing efforts.

Strengthening Ties Between

and Americans -af I By JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California JB- A "JAPANESE Christian Oorrespondence A member of the faculty of the Arthur T. Pier- Club" was formed in Los Angeles a few son Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, years ago, composed of a few retired min- writes: "By interpreting Christ, as He is to be isters. Names of Japanese students were sent by lived in daily life, some may be able to give these missionaries and letters were exchanged between young people real living messages." them and members of the club in order to foster a friendly international spirit and to promote From Hangchow, China, a missionary writes as Christian life. Delightful letters from some of follows: "The plan is not only possible, but is also the Japanese young men show intelligence and re- desirable. Our boys have good English and our finement, excellent English, and fine penmanship. American friends who may not be acquainted with This plan helps to create a cordial feeling between the conventional Chinese politness, which has been the American and Japanese nations. It would developed for a thousand years, will always find seem to be advisable to broaden this work to in- that naturalness, simplicity, and good 'horseclude laymen and women of America and Orien- sense' will make them understood." tals of other nationalities. Missionaries in Japan, China, Korea, India and the Philippines would In carrying out this plan for creating a better gladly cooperate. The letters of those unacquaint- feeling of friendliness between Americans and ed with the English language might be translated foreign peoples, personal facts, interesting items but the work should generally be confined to those from our daily life, description of surroundings, who know English, as missionaries usually are too and views on national and international events busy to interpret and rewrite letters. There are and problems, should be followed by the deeper multitudes of young men and young women in matters of the religious life, and at the right time China, Japan, India, Korea and the Philippines the presentatioR of Jesus Christ as the Saviour of who have been trained in English schools, and man and the Revealer of God. This will be welwho understand the language, who might be comed by many. It is foreign missionary work greatly helped by kindly personal contacts. Amer- which can be done without leaving home. The icans and Orientals might thus be drawn closer writer can testify to the blessing that follows together by common interest and Christian love. thus coming into touch for the Lord's sake with A missionary of the American Presbyterian Mis- young people of a foreign land. It is a task to sion in China, writes: "I wish you every success. write a thoughtful, joyful Christian letter to a There should be care taken in the selection of the foreigner but as many as six letters a year is not correspondents: Men should correspond with an insuperable task, and it pays. Women cormen only, and women with women. There should respondents are more easy to get than men, but be no appeals for money. Both parties should be men are needed to correspond with men. Misable to use the same language." sionaries will gladly supply names for correspond. ence and a pastor can select two or three persons fitted for this work.

Every book in the New Testament was written by a missionary. The New Testament epistles were addressed to missionary churches. The Book of Revelation was a message to seven missionary churches in Asia. A map of the first century Christian world is a tracing of the missionary journeys of the Apostles. Of the twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus all except one became missionaries. The one who did not become a missionary became a traitor. The Bible is a foreign missionary book. The true Christian Church is a missionary Church. Those who love Jesus Christ and who long for the coming of His Kingdom have, even in times of depression, the missionary spirit.

[332 ]

Christ Has Brought to China*

11 By DR. T. Z. KOO, PciiKng, China III>- Dr. Koo has been for several years identified with the Christian Student MO'/Je- ment, not only in China, but throughout the world. He is widely known for his lucid and penetrating Christian thinking, whether ,before the League of Nations or in the conferences of groups of students both in the East and in the West.

I WOULD like to give some account of the con- is to take your time and learn how to live rightly tribution that the Christian religion has with your fellowmen. If you do that, you have brought into Chinese life, as seen through the done your duty. In another part of his book, he eyes of a Chinese Christian. I suppose, especially says something like this: Yes; these gods are as you attend missionary conferences here and there; honor them, but keep away from them.

there, you have been told of the excellent work Teachings like this have left an indelible effect that the Christian religion upon the development of has done in China through Chinese culture throughout its colleges. You have also What Christ means, or may these twenty or more cenheard of the good work done turies since his time. In through the mission hos- mean, to the Chinese is best il- other words, the effect was pitals, through the churches, lustrated by this story of what gradually to cause the quest He means to one Chinese-Dr. of the Chinese people for and through the other Chris- T. Z. Koo. Here is a man, edu- tian benevolent institutions. cated in Chinese history and God gradually to taper off, I am not going to repeat the ethics and in Christian philos- until, when we come to the good things that the Chris- ophy and science, who has been present time, we find it tian religion has already widely used not only as a mis- rather difficult to find the brought to China through sionary to his own people but words in our language to dethose agencies. It is rather as an emissary to the League of scribe the attributes of God. my wish to share with you Nations and to other races. He some of my own more per- has recently been touring the In other words, our culsonal readings of the mean- United States as a Christian ture has developed, not on missionary to American college the plane of life of man with ing of the Christian religion students. He is a co,nvincing God, but on the plane of life and its contribution to Chi- eV'idence of the value of Chris- of man with man. That is nese life. tian missions. Dr. Koo has been why people say Chinese cul- The first great contribu- invited to return to America ture is humanistic in its tion of the Christian religion this autumn to conduct a series main trends. to my country will be appre- of United Missionary Meetings. The trouble with that ciated, if I give you a little plane of life is that when touch of the background of you make a people live on our culture for many hundreds of years. Chinese their own level as man to man, you have taken culture you have heard described as being pre- away the power ever to rise above that level.

dominantly humanistic. Now, what do people You have condemlled the people gradually to lose mean by culture being humanistic? Very briefly vision in life, to lose the creative capacity in life.

put, if you go back to the books of Confucious and It may take centuries to find it out; but any peo- to the teachings of his particular school of ple who leave God out of their life will find it out thought, you come across something like this: Confucius did not deny that, in this universe, there is sooner or later. spirit or God, as we would say. But he did say that such a spirit is so far away from us, why It is into such a situation that you bring God waste time speculating about the nature of the in Christ; and, as the knowledge bursts over some spirit? You will never know very much about of us for the first time, we realize that God is not him. Therefore, the more reasonable thing to do distant but can come so close to us in Christ that we can say, with some of the prophets of old, that we can walk and talk with Him. We have a God hu*ndFrreodmth thanenBivibelresaSryoooieftythRe eBcoibrdle. SPocairettyofwoarnk aidndrCehsisnaa.t the one WI·th whose SpI'rI't our spI'rI't can come I'nto fellow- [333 ]

ship and communion. God who was distant has cerned. In that life you still have the rules and come near; God, whom we were told was un- regulations; but there also has come into that knowable, has become known to us in Christ. And life a personal influence. The rules and regula- when you call people, who have swung to the tions of the school are dry bones; they have no humanistic trend, to come into contact with the transforming power in the life of that boy; but living Spirit of the Lord of the universe, then you the influence of that great personality on the staff have given something back to that people that is of the school, once it touches that boy's life, un- bound to revolutionize life in that part of the consciously begins to work changes.

world. What Christianity has brought to China in the That is the first great contribution that Chris- person and Spirit of Christ we can think of as the tian missionaries and other agencies have brought personal influence in the life of that boy. We still into life in China. must know our rules and regulations as far as Chinese Life and Ethics ethics are concerned; although I have been a Christian many years, yet the whole background The second great contribution I would like to of ethics still is there. But, on top of that, I am mention is that Chinese life is one that is lived on not now merely adhering to a code; I have sur- a very high ethical plane. We have been taught rendered to a Personality. I have given myself to live rightly, man with man, and because we are not only to something that is dead, but to some taught to live rightly our culture has not pro- One who is living today.

duced much that could be described as theology, The third point I want to mention, is the fact that is, the science of God. But our culture has that, in the social background of China, for inproduced some very fine things in the way of stance, we as individuals receive very little considethics; and, I think, the Chinese people as a whole eration in the old social system, because we are owe to this fact its continuity. Our people have mere units of a family clan, sometimes composed lived through many invasions; we have weathered of many, many people. Our interests as individmany political storms; we have maintained our uals are not important. We must all serve the integrity as a living people down to the present interests of the clan. That is why sometimes you day. Why? Not because we had armies; not hear people say that life is cheap in the East. because we had great power in absorbing other Not that we think lightly of taking life. Killing people; but because essentially the whole back- a man is repugnant to us; life is not cheap in that ground of Chinese life is based on ethical concep- sense; but it is cheap in the sense that your intions. dividuallife counts for very little, except as a part But, unfortunately, living by ethical codes, high of a larger clan. In that kind of atmosphere we as it is, has its penalty also. It is a life that can grow up, and we do not have a very high, exalted get very, very dry. When you live merely by the idea of our own worth and value as individuals.

ethical code, you either become cynical or you be- That is a little of the background. Now think come a hypocrite. That is what happened to the of the Christian message coming into that back- Pharisees. They tried to live by rules and regu- ground. You begin to see another great contrilations, and you know how Christ described them. bution, because here comes Christ to give us the People whose life is pitched on that plane alone wonderful news we describe as the Glad Tidings. sooner or later find themselves in that condition. When Christianity comes into this picture of In what way is it glad tidings to us? He comes ethical rules and regulations, something new and tells us how we, insignificant cogs in this comes in. family system in China, are also the children of God-precious in the sight of God, our Father.

Perhaps, the easiest way to show the contrast God,-our Father? We,-precious in his sight?

is to give a little illustration. Our Eastern minds What an idea! What tidings! Indeed, when we prefer to think concretely, in pictures rather than realize the full significance of this "Good News,"

in abstract words. You can think of a little boy something comes into our life which has almost going to school. When that boy enters school, he an explosive force.

has to know the rules and regulations of the You have heard people criticize the mission- school, so that he can p¥'s through without in- aries; especiaily some of your business men say fringing on too many of them. Suppose, while that the missionaries you send out to my country he was learning these rules and regulations, at the are at the bottom of all the revolutions and trou- same time this schoolboy comes unconsciously un- bles of China. They mean, of course, that as an der the personal influence of one of the great unfavorable criticism, to discredit missions. I masters on the staff of that school. He is still the wonder if they realize that there is valuable truth same boy; it is the same school; but it is no in what they say. When you bring to China this longer the same life, so far as that boy is con- message of Christ as our Elder Brother standing

WHAT CHRIST HAS BROUGHT TO CHINA

before God, and tell us that we are as precious to North China last year. There is the enemy, right God as Christ is precious to Him, you have im- at my doors. The call of the nation is, "Kill them, planted in the heart of some of us a new sense of hate them, because they are your enemies." The dignity as individuals, and a fresh longing to do call of Christ is: "Love your enemy." There is something with ourselves. That is what I meant nothing theoretical about that situation. The when I said that it puts something into our life enemy is right at my doors to be loved and here is that has explosive force. It is not mere accident, the Master's command, "Love your enemy." How that so many new currents of life in the far East are you going to bring the two together? today can be traced directly to men and women who have come to know Christ; men and women That is just what Christianity bids us do, to whose idea of their own manhood has received a rise from this plane of mere justice, and move a fresh vision of its possibilities as we see it in step ahead and deal with each other also in love. Christ Himself. Tremendous are the implications of that for us in our life today. The Ohallenge of Ohrist Now, the glory of the Bible to me is that it con- My last point, when I think of the contributions tains the record of a life which has enabled me to of the Christian Church, is the fact that, in the see these things. I know that people hold many Christian religion seen from the Chinese angle, theories about the Bible, its origin, its inspiration, you see a distinct challenge and call to rise from verbal and otherwise. But all these questions pale our present plane of life to a higher plane of life. into significance when one realizes the preeminent What do I mean by that? Again let me give you wonder that here in the Bible is recorded the revein a word or two a little of our social background, lation of God Himself. A Biblical scholar is interwhich will explain the point I have in mind. ested as to how this record has come about, and rightly so. But to the man struggling with life, When you think of life in my country at the the fact that the record is there is enough. If present time, how is it expressed? Take the so- you go through our Chinese literature for the last cial and ethical systems of China. What is the two thousand years you will find in it here and prevailing tone of the ethical life in China today? there intimations of God, vague descriptions of One sentence uttered by Confucius many, many God, yearnings after God. We can almost paryears ago expresses it very well; and that sen- allel some of our literature with the Old Testatence is translated thus: "Return with justice ment literature included in the Bible, until the those who hate you." In other words, meet your time of Christ. We have nothing to parallel the enemy, or deal with your enemy, justly. Other- Gospels. In the Bible we have a revelation of wise, how are you going to deal with friends? It God Himself, and because the Bible is the record is a perfectly logical, reasonable attitude of mind, of that revelation of God in Christ it can never and you will see in it the old order described by be replaced by any other book. Jesus-"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." Meet your enemy with justice. So today, wherever I go, I always have two very intimate companions with me. One is a little In that background again Christ comes with a pocket Testament, so worn now that it is falling message,-"If you love only those who love you, to pieces. While I do not know very much about what, after all, is that?" You must do more; you the world-wide work of Bible distribution, but as should love your enemY,-even your enemy! It to the value of the Bible to myself, I can speak isn't enough that we meet an enemy with justice, from personal knowledge. we must meet our enemy with love. What does that mean? Meet our enemy with love. Do you I hope you have caught something of the ensee what I mean when I say that, if we face these thralling attraction which Christ and God in Him things honestly and squarely, we feel in our heart have for some of us who see Him for the first that we are being pulled and pulled and pulled to time. In Christ, we see a bit of the glory of God rise from the mere plane of "an eye for an eye, a Himself which we find only vaguely intimated in tooth for a tooth," from the mere idea of dealing our own literature. In that sense the words of justly with each other, to the plane of dealing also Christ, "I come not to destroy but to fulfill," are lovingly with each other, even our enemies? What so true of what is happening in China. He has a tremendous implication there is in that chal- not destroyed any of the real values that we have lenge I have had reason to know these past known in the past, but He has lifted them up, months. I live in the City of Peiping, which was sanctified them, and made them mean more to us the objective of the Japanese armies invading than before we knew Him.

DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL GROUP IN

Here is a significant venture in home missionary work. The intermingling of fifty different denominations, and twenty-five different nationalities, and aU degrees of social status, have done much to bring about a better feeling and spirit of friendship. In this group which includes three colors, and many nationalities, far-reaching consequences in the promotion of world friendship, religious tolerance, and sympathetic understanding is taking place.-HoMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, Cali!.

Twenty,Five Nationalities Enrolled By the REV. HOMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, California A SIGNIFICANT home missionary venture month. The curriculum puts special emphasis on in world friendship on the Pacific Coast is Bible study and missionary and evangelistic edu- the system of Daily Vacation Church cation. Other subjects include world friendship, Schools at Pasadena, California. Thirty-five de- music, dramatics, civic, and home education, and nominations are spon~oring a city-wide system of Christian patriotism.

schools ministering to over 2,400 pupils of twenty- The inter-racial and inter-social playtimes and five different nationalities and races. The twenty- fellowship activities are features of the work.

five or more schools are held in churches chosen As white, black, yellow and brown children from so as to contact as many different denominations many countries, rich and poor, strong and weak, and nationalities as possible. During the past mingle together, the seeds of world friendship and thirteen years 24,728 pupils have been enrolled peace, social and industrial democracy, for which with an average of twenty-five nationalities in at- the Christ stands, are sown in a remarkable way.

tendance. Special missionary schools have also This inter-mingling of many denominations and been set up for particular racial and institutional nationalities including all degrees of social status, groups of under-privileged children. produces many results in wholesome and more This enterprise, especially unique because of its sympathetic relationships. It will have far- missionary aspect, is under the Council of Reli- reaching consequences in the promotion of toler- gious Education, a city-wide enterprise sponsored ance, world friendship, peace, and interracial un- by many denominations. This Council conducts derstanding. Through it all Jesus of Nazareth, a cooperative all-year program, including Leader- the living Christ, who loves children, and invites ship Training, Elementary Division Council, Par- them to come to Him, is recognized as the Head ent Education, World Friendship Schools, a of every school, and in these schools many have Workers' Library, and the Vacation Church learned to love and follow Him.

Schools. Mrs. H. O. Clarke is the Executive Sec- Hundreds of homes have also been evangelized retary, and the teachers are all paid; having been through these contacts. Many children with no especially trained in a spring institute. church affiliation have made their first Christian These schools are graded to meet the needs of contact through the Vacation School and have the pupils from the kindergarten through the jun- later joined a Sunday school or church. In the ior high school. They open immediately after last eight years 1,254 such children are known to the close of public schools and continue for one have become affiliated with Pasadena churches.

[336 ]

A Challenge from the Near East*

By W. HAROLD STORM, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W E ALL love adventure. The thrill of ad- where they would come together because long be- venture fills us with enthusiasm. With- fore that they would engage in a battle royal. out this we are apt to grow unconcerned There are many adventures on the lonely and indifferent. stretches of desert hitherto unexplored-scarcity Over the radio recently I heard the siren from of water, sand storms, lost paths and revolts Admiral Byrd's ship far down in the Antarctic. among camelmen. Even Bedouin food involves There was an exchange of programs between the adventures for one never is, quite sure just what men on board the ship and the studio in New the next mouthful may contain.

York. Since I have often been in isolated places All cannot go to Arabia and all cannot be desert on the Arabian Desert I could understand the doctors but there comes to each of us the task thrill that must have come to those men isolated of living adventurous lives right where we are.

amidst the ice floes of the Antarctic as they once That depends much on how we respond to the again came into touch with home. challenges that face us. We cannot avoid these The life of a desert missionary doctor is full challenges nor would we want to escape them.

of adventure. Exploring new places, visiting Let us face them honestly and courageously.

Bedouin encampments for the first time, living In the Near East, in Turkey, Egypt and Persia, with the desert Arabs, these experiences leave no we are witnessing phenomenal changes. These dull moments. There is the thrill of meeting a countries are rife with nationalism. The wheels caravan in the southeastern desert of Arabia, of progress are grinding on and youth is at the where the law is that every man is your enemy helm. Nationalism demands our sympathy and until proven otherwise. No two caravans will respect, but if unbridled it involves much danger.

pass until they have become assured that they One can hardly keep pace with young Turkey as are friends. she moves forward under her spirited leader, A camel boy will run up beside my camel and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. From a defeated and say that he has seen someone approaching. I look, crushed people she has risen in a short space of but a quarter of an hour passes before I can see time to command the respect of the whole world.

anything and then it is only a speck on the hori- Practically the same can be said for Persia and zon. Later this speck turns out to be a lone camel- Egypt. Syria and Iraq are also finding and ex- rider. We make for one side of a sand dune on pressing themselves in many ways as their youth our right as he makes for the opposite side. We awakens to new hopes and aspirations.

find him kneeling down by his camel pointing In Arabia we find quite a different situation.

his gun towards us. My guide rushes out waving Here nationalism is not rife. Conditions are more his long sleeved gown in the air as a signal for fixed and primitive. In spite of this the youth are the other man to advance. He rises and leads his speaking and reaching out to find expression for camel forward a few paces, halts and shouts in their feelings. Many are out of sympathy with clear Arabic: "May I advance in your faces?" the old and are seeking something new. Not a This is the Arabic way of asking if it is safe few of the young men are giving up the binding for him to approach. If the guide answers in the religious customs of their elders, such as rigid affirmative, the stranger asks, "May my camel ad- fasting during Ramadan. They are awakening, vance in your faces?" If a second time the guide but the question now is: Whither bound? Some assures him that it is safe, then the man ad- cling to the old customs and remain under the old vances with his camel and our guide goes out to cloak; others keep to the old but try to change meet him. When they are assured that they are the cloak; a few throw off the old entirely and friends the two caravans come together. they know not where to go. It is the challenge of What would happen if they are not friends? this last group which is so important. Since they In that case they would never reach the point have given up the old beliefs they are in more or less of a receptive mood. Much hinges on what 19;1n address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies, they learn and accept in the near future.

[337 ]

This change of attitude on the part of the youth convert in the whole province of Oman. I rushed is calling forth outspoken opposition on the part over to the men's hut and found it empty. During of their elders-a fact that makes it much harder the night a fanatical Mohammedan brother had for them to find adequate satisfaction in their come and stolen the body, carrying it to his own attempt at self-expression. In Muscat I was in- hut with the idea that if Mirash died in his house, vited to sponsor the first athletic club in that city. he could tell to the city that Mirash had died a The young men were delighted that some one Mohammedan. He could then claim the widow, would take an interest in them and help them. A would be in a position to dictate as to her future letter shows in what position they found them- and would gain money from her remarriage. selves because of the attitude of their elders. We went to the brother's house and found the This letter reads in part: door barred. Finally, through a friend we were admitted and spent the last few hours with Mirash It is with great regret to say that the club is looked before he was called home. The brother refused upon, unfortunately, by many respected fathers if not all, to allow him to have a Christian burial and tried with contempt and is regarded as a resort of idle talk and to get friends to help him bury Mirash. They all joke; hence it remains stagnant, being deprived of their refused, saying that since Mirash was a Christian stirring support. Many of these good elders, if not all, during life they would have nothing to do with consider and express that sports are under no circum- him now. The brother was about to tell us to stances becoming the dignity of anyone. They are, bury Mirash when the mother stepped to the doornamely the sports, in th.eir opinion but childish diversions way and with a face like stone and, pointing to the which any promising youth should eschew. We are, there- rocks back of Muscat, said, "I would rather have for,e, trying our best to extricate this thought and manifest my boy carried to those rocks and the birds eat to these good elders the noble effects the sports are pro- his body than to have the Christians bury him." ducing on us. The brother became more fanatical and finally got help to give Mirash a Moslem burial. The youth of America are living in momentous times. Weare face to face with living issues. All As my colleague and I came back from the is not as it ought to be within our churches, and cemetery we noticed a great commotion about the in many of them the missionary enthusiasm is courtyard. They were forcing the young widow waning. Some believe that the chief cause is through the Mohammedan ceremony of widowthe economic situation, but the great reason is hood. In our section of Arabia, as the men come a general spiritual apathy. Thus we are handed back from the cemetery they bring the widow out the task of entering the game when, in many to the threshold of the door and throwing over quarters, no gain is being made or ground is her a black cloth they ask her to repeat the first actually being lost. Great hope is expressed in chapter of the Koran, thus declaring her intention the youth and much is expected from them, as to follow the religion of her husband. Then she is evidenced by the increased emphasis on young is ushered back into a dark room where for four people's work. months and ten days she remains in utter seclu- sion. She sees no one and food is handed through The youth of the Near East are awakening the door. After that she is brought out and the and are challenging us to awaken and shoulder oldest male relative has the right to arrange a our responsibilities. We, who know Christ and wedding. have had the advantages of Christian homes, schools and friends, must hear the Macedonian We found the relatives forcing the young widow call of our fellows of the Near East. They are through this ceremony. In front of her were a building for tomorrow; quickly before the build- fanatical group of men and behind her an equally ing is completed they must learn that, "Other fanatical group of women. A religious judge was foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which trying to force her to repeat the required words. is Jesus Christ." My colleague stepped up to the old man and said in Arabic, "There is no compulsion in religion." We must also shoulder the more difficult task The judge looked around and said, "You are right, of helping to re-awaken a sleeping church in we will let her speak for herself." America. At these words Miriam stood up and faced the Into whichever field we enter there will be a crowd of men .who had been jeering at her and price to pay. Anything of value requires a price. said, "I am a Christian and am going to be a The extent to which we are willing to pay depends Christian." on the value we place upon it. The greater the value, the greater the price. That was over three years ago. I remained on in Muscat for two years and saw Miriam nearly An Arab Woman every day. She was ostracized by all her friends and relatives. Poisoned food was sent to her. A Let a young Arab woman speak. I had only fanatical brother threatened her life if he should been in Muscat a few days when a messenger came running over to the hospital saying that Mirash was dying. He was our only Christian

A CHALLENGE FROM THE NEAR EAST

ever see her on the street. But under conditions ingly impossible. Then we realize, as we go along, like these she remained true, never once denying that with God nothing is impossible. her Master. She willingly went through all this because Christ meant so much to her. She was As we accept the challenge and take our places willing to pay the price even if it should mean let us remember the words of our Captain. death. Today out there in Muscat she is the only baptized Christian in the whole province of Oman. "He that loveth father or mother more than me She sends a challenge to us. is not worthy of me."

Are we willing to pay such a price? If we are, "There is no man that hath left house, or brethit will mean changes for some of us. We will be ren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or asked to give up some things that we have long children, or lands, for my sake and the gospel's, cherished. It may mean doing some things of but shall receive a hundredfold now in this time, which our parents and friendS' will not approve. houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, We all seek adventure. Life itself is adventurous. and children. and lands, with persecutions; and The Christian life is one full of adventure. There in the world to come eternal life." is adventure in faith and in tackling the seem- "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

. Religion and Young People Today Youth has ceased to live the sheltered existence of former generations and is today exposed to the great currents of social and political life.

The main reason for the participation in politics on the part of youth is that its own future is threatened.

Youth passes and rejects the established (dis-) order. It believes in some sort of revolutionary change in the present structure of society.

Youth seeks a new sense of security and of self-confidence by entering into the modern mass-movements.

Youth has little use for "civilization," or ideals, and returns to more "primitive" realities.

The new primitiveness of youth implies that it is less inclined to reject religion in the name of "Progress" or "Philosophy" or "Science" and more inclined to judge it on its own merits.

The most formidable barrier between religion and youth has been the wide-spread notion that modern science and modern philosophies of life had knocked the bottom out of positive faith. Mystery seemed to belong increasingly to the past. But as the facts of life rather than the theories about life claim attention again, this superficial view breaks down and the forces over which man has no control are again recognized as dominant realities.

If youth seeks anything in Christianity, it seeks in it a message of authority and power. Christianity begins to be taken on its own merits again. The outstanding one is that it proclaims a God Who is the measure of all things, by Whom all things are measured and Who is Himself measured by none …… Youth asks rightly that the claim of truth shall be proved in life as well as in speech.

Youth seeks in Christianity power to give them victory over the experience of impotence, of fear and nothingness, which comes so naturally to them in their present perilous condition.

A Christianity which reduces itself to a way of life or to a "philosophy of life" is too pale, too spineless, to answer such searching questions. But the message of Jesus Christ, with its uncompromising demands and its offer of total renewal of life gives the answer which can meet their deep need.-Dr. Visser 't Hooft, in the C. S. S. Review.

Response of

I _•..g{ By EZRA P. YOUNG, St. Petersburg, Florida I}3t-.- ~==========================~ .nA..FTER hearing a youthful missionary talk engagements with which, to use her own words, recently a sub-deb tripped up to the speaker "I was fed up." and said, after the manner of seventeen: When some of the missionary speakers went to "That was a swell speech. Did you see our a reputedly sophisticated university recently for gang on the back seat? Well, we came prepared a two-day program for Christ there was some to be bored and ready to walk out in time for a doubt as to their being able to interest the stu- dance, but when you started telling stories we dents.

decided to move up front and hear you out. We "You cannot say anything that will thrill these didn't know a missionary talk youngsters. They simply will could be so interesting." not respond to your message,"

This took place at a young Are the young people of was the warning note sounded.

people's mass meeting, part of today susceptible to the mis- A young doctor, just re- this year's Florida Chain of sionary appeal? Read what turned from six years of serv- Missionary Assemblies pro- Mr. Young says and you will ice in Arabia where he was the gram. The speaker had carried have the answer. They are first American doctor to pene- his audience with him through eager for some worthy chal- trate into· Bedouin camps in the vivid missionary experi- lenge. Is not the reason why the remote parts of that counences of several years in a cthaeuyse hCavherisntotanredspHoinsdehderboeic- try, related his simple but fas- needy foreign field. and worthwhile appeal have cinating story of long caravan Two days later an attractive not been presented to them treks, camel trail clinics and girl appeared in the study of with sufficient sincerity and oasis operations performed on the pastor of the church and clearness? This is a challeng- the running board of his car.

said: "We have been thrilled ing and cheering report. A Filipino girl told what by these missionary speakers, Christ had meant to youth in and we want to do something the Philippines and of the hard- ourselves. But if we cannot go to the mission ships they were willing to undergo to be true to field, how can we serve?" their new and living faith.

The minister met the challenge of youth. A young man, who had spent three years as a "Right here in our own state," he said, "are leader of boys in Turkey, witnessed to the likable- men and women who know almost as little about ness of a much misunderstood people and told of Christ as the people in inner Africa and far-off their great desirefor enlightenmentand fellowship.

China. There are Negroes exploited and discrim- These stories were all vivid and concrete, and inated against; there are children in the interior when the speakers had finished they were sur- without benefit of education and recreation, for rounded by students-supposed not to be inter- whom the Government is trying to provide satis- ested in missions-who put intelligent questions factory leaders; in the swamps of Florida not far to them for a full hour before they let them go!

south of here are the Seminole Indians, living on Not satisfied with this, the speakers were invited the edge of civilization in a state almost as prim- to visit their fraternities for informal discussion, itive as the tribes of Mongolia. Right here at our in one of which the president of the house sug- back door are people who need strong and coura- gested that they would like to do something con- geous young hearts to help them !" crete to show their interest in the youth across The result of that conference between youth the sea. "Missions," he said,. "have always been and the clergy was a dedication of a good share to our minds something vague and far-away, to of that young woman's time and energy to volun- be carried on by a lot of dear old ladies who feel teer leadership in recreation and handwork among sorry for the 'heathen.' But now we realize that the poor children of a part of Florida seldom seen across the sea are people who need our help. We by the average tourist-the great interior country have caught a world vision these two days, and of flatwoods and turpentine camps. Life has now we want to do something about it."

taken on new meaning for that society girl whose In one city in the south a young woman wrote calendar had been filled with a mad whirl of social to a friend, who was a member of the visiting [340 J missionary team, and said: "Five of the girls in they are indifferent to the Church's world proour set have gotten together and decided to take gram. In a city of the south five hundred young a stand against drinking and smoking. The situa- people listened attentively to a symposium of tion is terrible here; it is getting so that girls home and foreign missions. Such an impression who do not do these things are simply not invited was made that there was a carry-over the next to parties, and some feel that unless they have day into the local high school where the teachers some sort of engagement every evening they are were requested by the students themselves to give in danger of being social failures. The coming the periods over to a discussion of what had been of these missionaries-many of them young them- said the day before. It was reported that no selves-and the things they stand for, have en- previous topic had created such a contagious and couraged us to champion these principles. We sustained enthusiasm. are praying that your messages may reach the hearts of our friends !" A young woman, who has been a teacher and a friend of youth in a Chinese University, speaking In Jacksonville, at a mass meeting of young in a wealthy community, told how she had eaten people, a high school boy bent forward eagerly to Chinese food in order to save enough money to catch every word of the address given by a cow- help provide a poor Chinese lad with an education. boy missionary from New Mexico. In imagina- The story was related with not the slightest trace tion he traveled with this new hero along dim of self-pity-it was all part of a radiant experitrails into mountain fastnesses where men waited ence-and it reached the heart of at least one girl in lonely cabins for the message of Christ. He who had been pampered and spoiled through every saw the missionary rope a steer and ride a buck- one of her seventeen years. The idea of giving up ing broncho, in order to melt the heart of a fast- something for somebody else had apparently never riding, hard-boiled son of the plains. Here was entered her little head. Here she saw, for the first a new thrill, and the boy decided to ask this man time, self-sacrifice presented as a glorious and whether he, too, could serve as a Christian leader rewarding adventure; it was a new kind of reliamong the cowboys. That same day a boy of gion to her and surprisingly attractive. She eighteen living in Jacksonville, leaped from a sought an interview with the missionary and later bridge to his death in the St. Johns River. His thought seriously whether there was something horrified companions, who stood helplessly by at she dearly loved that she might give up for this the time of the tragedy, explained that "Bill was great cause. She decided on her motor car-a crazed with drink; he had tried every thrill, and bright red roadster, fast as the wind, and she he was bored with life." Bored with life at eight- loved the thrill of power it gave her to sit behind een because he hadn't found any cause bigger than the wheel! The girl in her was wistful as she himself and his own pleasure! took her farewell ride in the big red car. Her friends were inclined to laugh at this dramatic A Japanese Christian young woman won the renunciation, but they changed their attitude heart of an American girl with her singing and when they realized that she was dead in earnest a beautiful friendship was begun, which opened and that she too had forsaken some of her old up a whole new world of interest and possibility gods. Her heart was deeply stirred and something for service to the American girl. A bundle of beautiful had come into her life. provincial prejudice against Orientals was thrown into the discard. This small Japanese young We make a grave mistake when we present woman, who had to stand on a chair to be seen by Christianity to youth as an easy-going religion. her audience, did more for Japanese-American We cannot blame the indifference of youth when friendship in a month's tour of Florida than the we fail to captivate them. How often do they average diplomat could do in a year. Her singing come to the church hungry for the Gospel and we of "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us" at young give them current events? They are eager for a people's mass meetings not only convinced youth great cause to champion with all the eagerness of of the worthwhileness of an enterprise which their youthful vigor and we urge them to sell could nurture such a beautiful life, but it also tickets for church suppers! They come seeking won young people for Christ. answers to the frank and penetrating questions and we hide behind an ecclesiastical vocabulary, If the next Peace Conference could be delegated for many of us have never faced life courageously from among the intelligent youth of the world, ourselves. They come longing for Christian felwho still think in terms of the sacredness of per- lowship and we turn the church into a glorified sonality, we could all be beating our swords into amusement center and deceive ourselves into beplowshares. Talk with youth in any nation in the lieving that we are giving them the "abundant world today (including those dominated by dic- life." They long for a test of their courage that tators), and you will be impressed with one thing would make Christian discipleship difficult of -their passion for peace. attainment and we soft-pedal principles and go One of the criticisms of today's youth is that

around whispering about sin as if it were a word carefully by youth at the impressionable age gone out of style. We aim too low in our appeal might very easily change the whole character and to youth and they sense it. They dislike our moral aim of their lives. Some of the older missionary and spiritual timidity. books are especially thrilling because of their stories of heroism. The reason why the missionary program interests youth is because it involves risk and new There was a striking title in a recent religious experiences. Youthful hearts have a magnificent magazine: "Wanted-Courage to Grasp Thorns." latent courage that thrills to dangerous but worth- In America life, even in the church, is too easy while enterprise. Every library for growing boys for most of us. What we need once more is an and girls should contain such inspiring missionary inrush into Christian hearts of the "courage to biographies as "The Life of John G. Paton," "The grasp thorns." Youthful hearts have that cour- Splendor of God," "Shepherd of Aintab," "Life of age; they need only the magic of fearless and Livingstone," "Mary Slessor of Calibar," "The unselfish leadership to set that courage aflame. Moffats," Janet Miller's "Jungles Preferred," Al- But so long as the church makes the error of trybert Schweitzer's "Hospital at Lamberene," Stan- ing to remove the thorns it will not inspire the ley Jones' "Christ of the Indian Road," and other courageous way of life-the thorn and Cross way recognized works. They are not only thrilling but of life-which, when presented vividly, comes as they are also informing; and such a series read a vital and compelling challenge to youth.

CHRISTIAN STRATEGY IN A CHANGING WORLD By PROFESSOR BASIL MATHEWS, Boston Mass.

The Christian's duty in respect of nationalism is to transcend it; not ….. from out- side, but from within. Our task is to re-create our nation as it is into the nation that God wills it to be, so that it can offer its own special gift to the world of nations. This is the true foundation of internationalism, …..far greater than any supercilious cosmopolitanism that has no loyalty to mankind as a whole because it has none to home and nation. Our ultimate loyalty is a spiritual one, to the Kingdom of God; but that loyalty must begin to be incarnate and concrete and passionate in the home and the nation before it can be real in relation to mankind.

If the values that we see in Christ govern the use and the invention of the tools that science is ready to put into our hands, we shall not be making poison gas, tanks, bombing airplanes, submarines and machine guns. We shall concentrate on the perfection of medicine and surgery and their spread throughout the world; on the irrigation of deserts to grow crops for the famine-stricken in India and China; on the engineering of roads and bridges over which foods and medicines will be carried to multitudes dying of drought and disease; and on the control of rivers such as those that today sweep uncounted thousands of our Chinese fellowmen to death. We shall so mobilize the forces of goodwill and so relate the men of spiritual vision and of political and economic capacity to the affairs of mankind that the elementary material needs of all men will be met by a sharing of the gifts of God among all classes and nations in an interdependent world….. We shall enter on a new discovery of beauty, and make the loveliness of God's world in nature and in all the arts available to delight the soul of all peoples. We shall, above all, …. give our lives and use all the tools that are to our hand for spreading among all men the truth of this good news of the Kingdom of God……

Those tools of science lie ready to our hands. Just as the Roman roads, and that gift of the Pax Romana, the free passage of ships over the Mediterranean Sea, served Christ through Paul, so the ocean liner and the automobile, the new air routes across Africa and Asia, the cable and wireless, the printing press and the technique of medicine and surgery, can be made by us to serve Christ in the spread of His good news and in the practice of His spirit everywhere….. .

Communism challenges our accepted social and industrial traditions. So do trenchant, persuasive prophets of skepticism like Bertrand Russell. They declare for what they hold to be a higher social good, and are ready with a concrete program. The standards of Christ really challenge those traditions even more drastically, but the Christian community on the whole fails to give a strong fresh lead. As Nicholas Berdyaev says: "The only thing to pit against integral communism, materialistic communism, is integral Christianity."-World Tides in the Far East.

A New Day in Giving*

-~~II=-=-=-=-B_Y=-R_O_BE_R_T=-E._S_P_E_ER_'_D_._D_.=-=-=-~~ W E ARE facing a very grave, transitional entire population should be made a state concern. situation in the matter of the support of What national resource is there that is compa- educational, philanthropic and missionary rable with the physical and moral health of the agencies which are dependent upon private gifts. nation? If it is a proper function of the state to It is interesting to observe the divergent atti- husband its resources of lumber and mineral it tudes and judgments of those responsible for the is asked, how much more its resources of men and administration of these agencies. Some think women? One may approve or disapprove of the that the golden age of private benevolences has extent to which the state is taking over social, passed. They point out that the supposition that educational and philanthropic activities, but the the noble tide of private philanthropy which we principle, whether for good or for evil, is going have known in America for fifty years was a to affect radically the continuance of many of the natural and permanent phenomenon is fallacious. agencies which have grown up in these fields.

So far from being a natural, human development, And even where the government does not actually it was distinctly a phenomenon of American and take over a particular form of activity, the gen- British life. Most of the countries of the world eral development affects the popular mind, and have known nothing comparable to it. There has will increase the difficulty of raising funds for been no such development of humane and mis- work akin to, but beyond the bounds of, the func- sionary undertakings maintained by private be- tions which the government is assuming.

nevolence in other lands. It was inevitable, some In the second place, the increased tax burdens believe, that this movement should ebb, and they are diminishing the ability to give of the very are reconciled to what they think to be a new and people who have been the main supporters of the more permanent condition. They think that their philanthropic and missionary agencies. The in- agencies have crossed the top of the hill and creased income tax rates will more than offset the henceforth must adjust themselves to a reduced benefit of the exemptions allowed on account of and still further declining basis of support. contributions, and the increasing inheritance This is true probably with regard to some of taxes are already beginning to affect, in the most the activities that we have known, but there are serious way, the flow of legacies which has been others of which I do not believe it is true. Their one of the notable features of private giving in work is obviously still undone, and there will be America. The great bulk of American giving is sincere men and women who will recognize the that of a small minority of the population, and duty of carrying it forward and seeing that the it is this minority which is feeling most the di- necessary tasks are adequately maintained until minished ability to give, due to increased taxation.

they are accomplished. At the same time we In the third place, both the increased costs and must clearly recognize the elements in the present the rise of the standard of living affect the ability situation which are of the gravest concern to all and the willingness of people to give. The margin agencies dependent upon private, benevolent sup- between income and what are regarded as neces- port. sary living expenditures is steadily reduced. It First, it is to be noted that the enlargement of has been from this margin in the main that pri- government functions is absorbing tasks formerly vate gifts have come. Furthermore, the whole dependent upon voluntary service. Old age pen- level of living has risen, and those things are sions, widows' pensions, unemployment relief and deemed necessary today which were regarded as insurance, the care of dependent and delinquent dispensable luxuries in the past, and it is this children, education itself are a few of the forms very type of expenditure which represents the of humane relief and service which governments heaviest costs. The increase in the price of sports are increasingly taking over. And there are now and pleasures has been far greater than the in- serious proposals that the care of the health of the crease in the cost of food and clothing.

In the fourth place, a new psychology is cer- tain to arise from the substitution of the ideal of * 1A9n'34a.ddre ss given at the Lawyers' Club, New York, Friday, A,pril 13, [343 ]

leisure for the ideal of work, and of the ideal of be a clear observance and tenacious grasp of self-indulgence for the ideal of self-sacrifice. It sound, fundamental principles. is well that we have escaped from the terrible pressure of the days when labor worked twelve It would seem that the day of the large gifts hours and six days for a dollar a day. But the may be over. If income and inheritance taxes idea of a three or four hour day and a five day absorb the wealth which has been available for week, which many are advocating, is the product philanthropic causes in the past, then the loss of a point of view and will be itself the cause of a must be made up by the larger number of small point of view which would be sterile as regards givers. The new attitudes of mind which are benevolence and sacrificial giving. ahead of us may be inhospitable to such a scheme, but it is the reasonable and necessary method. In the fifth place, there is undoubtedly a hardheadedness as to the survival of the unfit which The Fundamental Principles supplements the increasing soft-heartedness as to the undesirability of discipline and control. It As to fundamental principles I name only four. has taken a long time for the biological ideas to The first would be principles of work and thrift. seep into social thought, but they have gone very It is these principles that have made our country deep as W. G. Sumner hoped that they might. He and have made the world. It was not leisure and opposed all forms of legislation that protected or luxury and indolence that cut down the forests preserved inferiority. If a man did not have will and broke the soil and trod the thoroughfares enough to save himself from drunkenness and through the wilderness and laid the foundations wreckage, according to Sumner's view, the sooner on which the nation and its life are built. Leisure he was allowed to get himself out of the way the is not a sound ideal of human life unless men better. We have today to deal with an attitude know how to use it creatively in a way that makes which feels no vivid personal responsibility for it the equivalent of work, yielding an enlargeothers. And we have to deal with another atti- ment of the spiritual wealth of the nation in mind tude which feels so responsible for others that it and character. Only from ideals of work and wants them to be let absolutely alone. Both these thrift will the streams of large public and private attitudes are fatal to the ideas and ideals which charity flow forth. have provided the wealth of benevolence which has been the glory of the last fifty years. The second principle is that of trusteeship. It has been spoken of as stewardship, and that is the There is a sixth influence, about which some right idea, but that word as well as the word may disagree. We have lost a great deal in recent trusteeship has been worn dull. The idea, howyears by the promiscuousness and the generality ever, is the central idea of friendship, of service, of some of our giving programs. Composite funds of patriotism, of humanity. Fritz Kreisler is a in which the separate causes are merged so that fine illustration of it in the use of talent and time the donor gives to the fund instead of to a con- and money for the enrichment of human life. crete cause have their advantages. Some donors can best be enlisted in such giving; but there are In the third place, the true motives of life are disadvantages in the loss of personal motivation personal: Love, kindness, brotherliness, pity, and knowledge of concrete necessities and the good-will-these are the motives without which sense of individual responsibility. giving will be thin and poor.

One other element in our present situation is Lastly, we need to work with the conception of the question as to whether genuine religious faith solidarity. It has been a shame that we have has waned or whether, even if it has not-as I 'do surrendered it as far as we have to negative and not believe it has-it may not have suffered from destructive movements. Christianity began with failure to relate itself definitely and directly to it, with the noble conception, thousands of years expression in adequate and sustained benevolence. ahead of human thought, of humanity as an or- ganic body, rejoicing, suffering, ennobled, shamed No doubt there are many other aspects of our together, every member bound to each other mempresent situation which might be mentioned. No ber. This is the true ideal of a true nationalism. doubt also there is much to be said in qualifica- And it is the ideal which rejects all false nationaltion of these things, but it is enough for our pur- ism and racial and party division as against the pose to realize that there is a problem here of unity and the solidarity of mankind. vital concern to all. The problem which we are facing is not to be dealt with by any tricks, good If we are going to try to perpetuate the good of or bad, nor by any devices learned from advertis- this great era of giving which lies behind us, and ing or the psychology of salesmanship. What we if we are going on to a better day, it can only be need is first to see clearly that there may need to on sound and right principles. If we stand on be a shift of method, and second, that there must these, we need not be afraid of the result because their guarantee and their adequate fruitage is assured by God in whom they have their home.

Home Mission Income

The giftj; to the work of many home miSsion enterprises have decreased from thirty to fifty per cent in the past five years. This has been understandable but it has been little less than a tragedy to those related to the work. Salaries have been slashed below the point of decent and efficient living; work has been closed and workers recalled; help has been withheld from struggling churches; communities have been deprived of Sunday schools and other religiouS privileges. These are disappointing, if not discouraging, results of the economic crisis through which we have been passing. But there are also beneficial results that come from necessary economies. These are worth considering, not to make us satisfied with decreased giving but to teach us certain lessonS in stewardship and to encourage us in the conviction that God is standing by His servants and that in the work of Christ true spiritual results are not dependent on the amount of money expended. The following contributions throw much light on the subject.

Needed Changes in Technique cut down. Churches have been, and are being abandoned; others have been yoked, with result- By ERNEST M. HALLIDAY, D.D., New York City ant inadequate service to all; still others have been left without pastors for longer or shorter General Secretary of the Church Extension Boards of the periods, with chief dependence upon student sum- Congregational and Christian Churches mer service. Despite all economies we have not PERIODS of financial distress multiply the dif- escaped a deficit. It has been necessary therefore ficulties of home missionary work but they to draw heavily upon reserves which may serve to also emphasize the necessity of continuing it. cushion the fall for a brief period but will soon The heavy hand of depression, keeping agricul- be exhausted. Then but two possibilities present tural products down to very low levels, and fac- themselves: further decrease in expenditures and tories closed or on part-time schedules, causing a crippling of the work, or increase in income. wide-spread unemployment, has resulted in star- In some respects the falling off of income has tling decreases in pastoral support for many home not been an unmixed evil for it has resulted in missionaries who in normal times look to the fields administrative economies, closer scrutiny of ap- they serve for a large percentage of their salaries. propriations, elimination of certain doubtful fields Many of these representatives of the churches, and a new stimulus to cooperation, both within whose pay is inadequate in the best of times, have and outside the denomination. But while some been brought to such straits that it has been neces- limitation of diet may not be fatal and, may even sary for Home Mission Boards, by small emer- prove salutary, too great limitation results in gency grants, to relieve them of their most press- emaciation and ultimate starvation. As a matter ing necessities. of fact the lessons we are learning under pressure Donors as well as mission workers have felt the ought to contribute to efficiency.

depression severely so that the contributions of What are some of the foreseeable changes in churches and individuals have fallen off at the home missionary technique? First of all, we must very time when increase was most needed. Re- look more and more to interdenominational coop- turns from legacies have also been seriously de- eration for the achievement of our task. At pres- pleted by shrinkage in estates, and income from ent we are hampered by a meager program, investments have suffered to a considerable ex- spread over too wide an area. We should seek to tent. For the Church Extension Boards of the restrict the work more geographically and to Congregational and Christian Churches the total make it richer in its elaboration; it should be income, including repayment of building loans, more intensive, less extensive.' There is no longer was 23.3 per cent lower last year than the year any justifiable place for competition between before and fell 53.5 per cent below receipts of evangelical home missionary churches. There 1928.· must be more withdrawals from overlapping In this emergency the budget has been cut again fields and more reciprocal exchanges. If local and again. Administration and promotion appro- groups insist on having their own special organi- priations have been drastically reduced. Salaries zations, they must finance the work out of their of secretaries, superintendents, and other general own pockets. Release of funds accomplished in workers, office staff, and of missionaries receiving this way should be used for the intensifying of their entire support from the Extension Boards, work at other points where it is sorely needed. have been lowered from 10 to 19 per cent. Field The second point in our future program is the supervision has been curtailed and aid to pastors combining of forces to carry out certain united [345 ]

enterprises. This may be done in such a geo- sible by a development of the sharing spirit that graphical unit as Alaska, or in an ethnic unit as the Spanish-speaking work in the Southwest, or is characteristic of those to whom the Gospel of in a logical unit as in the case of specialized city and rural service, or in service units as in the Christ has become a reality. Their heritage, locase of ministry to farm and cannery migrants. Such fields are not so organically bound up with cality, environment and relationships enable them, denominational machinery as to make cooperation impracticable. directly or indirectly, to engage in various types . A third field of readjustment lies in the adaptation for effective appeal of the newest develop- of missionary service. . ments in visual and oral presentation, such as the moving picture, the phonograph and the radio. The scope and significance of this task ought to Similarly, the possibility of procuring "electrical transcriptions" which will run for fifteen min- be considered in any attempt to appraise the utes without change opens a fascinating field for the development of preaching services in places economy and efficiency of home missions. Chriswhich cannot afford a settled minister. The use of this method also promises stimulation of lay tian agencies seek to portray the attractiveness leadership in the parts of public services other than the sermon. The use of the radio is also a of Christian ideals of life; to reveal the ethical possibility, although at present the expense and other problems raise difficulties. implications, economic obligations, personal and Cooperation with leaders in governmental and ~ocial significance of applied Christianity; in philanthropic enterprises may also be increasingly developed. County agricultural agents, su- short, to illustrate the meaning of a functioning perintendents of schools, librarians, health authorities and others make splendid allies for the faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of church in home mission fields. With the return in the last few years of between one and two mil- realities in the spiritual realm. The composite lions of people to the soil, rural church work assumes new significance. In many rural commu- character of such service, as well as the relative nities developments may well be in the direction of the so-called "Larger Parish" where the min- value of factors that determine the status of inistry of the church will be over an entire area and will be carried on through the activities of several dividual and collective life, must be appreciated in religious work specialists. order to justify the validity of the missionary's America can still be saved from the destruction which has overtaken other civilizations in other claim to moral and material support. Throughout ages if only we Christians do not fail to do our part to promote the Kingdom of God throughout the vast areas embraced by Continental United the land. States and her distant dependencies, home mis- Economy with Efficiency sions maintain territorial contacts and foster ac- By the REV. EDWARD DELOR KOHLSTEDT, D.D. tivities that are characterized by both home and Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church foreign field environments, problems and oppor- 1"'. A MERICAN Boards of Home Missions are en- tunities. gaged in a task, altruistic in character and unattempted by other agencies, that ought Christianizing the United States is a perennial to challenge the utmost endeavors and resources of organized Christianity. This task includes the problem to the Church of Christ: changing conunselfish purpose to ensure to those living in underprivileged rural and urban communities, the ditions, migrating multitudes, pagan philosophies manifold ministries of the Christian Church. This contribution toward the enrichment of human- of life, and crime cultures of appalling propority's heart, home and community life is made pos- tions, test the material, mental and spiritual re- sources of American missionary agencies. Preva- lent economic problems, however distressing, are less disturbing than America's character crisis.

This is evidenced by unsavory revelations of our United States Senate committee hearings, in the field of finance; exploitation of the masses for selfish surpluses and the gratification of corporate greed; subtle trickeries of dress suit racketeers and the brazen effrontery of machine gun gang- sters; perversion of public office to propaganda methods that clash with the fundamentals of de- mocracy; unwarranted racial discriminations, economic and social injustice; and other trends that threaten the stability of our social structure.

It calls for arousement and action by America's Christian constituency.

The summons of an unfinished task cannot be ignored with impunity. Unmet rural and urban missionary needs must be Christianity's constant concern. Dr. John McDowell, recently Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, reminds us that there are 10,000 American rural commu- nities without a Christian church, 30,000 with no resident pastor, and 13,400,000 American chil- dren under twelve years of age, receiving no reli- gious, instruction of any sort. Hundreds of rural communities and polyglot city centers throughout

WHEN HOME MISSION INCOME DROPS

this fair land are devoid of positive religious ac- Impoverished treasuries, starvation salaries, the tivities. Dr. E. R. Fulkerson, a careful inter- scarcity of facilities and supplies, the discontinupreter of social trends, sounds this note of warn- ance of justifiable projects that were nearing the ing: stage of self-support, the desertion of effective missionaries who had dedicated their lives to self- The theory of democracy is beautiful, but two funda- less service in the name of Christ, constitute a mental facts must obtain if any democracy is to stand: decidedly adverse influence upon the general work first, a working majority of the voting units must be kept of the Christian Church. In view of the fact that intelligent; second, that same working majority must be benevolence and missionary agencies are always kept moral or democracy is doomed. The danger spot in the first to suffer and the last to recover from the the United States is the city problem. Growing cities are blight of economic crises, plus the further fact holding the balance of political power. There is a studied that so large a proportion of our missionary conpurpose on the part of corrupt politics to defeat construc- tributions are appropriated toward the maintetive legislation touching moral issues. If we fail to keep nance of workers, most of whom have very our communities up to par, the very life of the nation is meager if any other sources of support, the disthreatened. advantages to be reckoned with ought to be ap- parent even to casual contributors to missions. Epworth Community Church, located in the old- The heroism of many missionaries, under these est section of Denver, Colorado, is a convincing circumstances, is illustrated by the following comexhibit of the possibilities of constructive home munication from a home missionary superintendmissionary service. Once a congested urban area ent, in response to the announcement of another of broken homes and socially destructive saloons, inevitable mid-year cut in current maintenance so lawless that twenty-nine churches closed their appropriations: doors and moved to better parts of the city, an amazing transformation of community life and I don't envy you your task of using the knife. I supspirit has been wrought by a strong Christian so- pose some of these men can walk a little farther in their cial service program, fostered by the Methodist pastoral calling. I suppose old clothes will wear a little Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church lon~er. I have been able to help some of them by gifts Extension. This institutional church was enabled of clothing I happened upon. They will continue to borto remain in and adapt its ministries to changing row, greedily, any books that come within their reach. I community needs so that, instead of the worst, as have scattered my own library pretty widely. I suppose might be expected, this section of the city now the boys and girls can wait a year or two longer for an boasts one of the best juvenile delinquency rec- opportunity to go to college. There are some compensaords in Denver. This missionary project also tions in living among these marvelous mountains, when commands the sympathy and support of the City there are no funds for vacations. There's just no use Community Chest. going on like this, but I cannot help translating into terms of human living just what these maintenance cuts Interdenominational achievements in the field of mean. I know that, whatever happens, these men will home missions are more numerous and effective keep on. They will ride the lonesome trails. They will than the claims of partially informed critics indi- climb over the mountains and find their way out to the cate. Board secretaries are constantly checking lonely ranches. They will keep on preaching. Necessity the possibilities of closer Christian cooperation. is upon them. They will stay by the field. They will The development of joint enterprises, as well as the share with their people and keep strong in other human practice of church comity, is a continuous process. hearts the spirit of courage and hope, even when their However, not only theoretical ideals but practical own hearts are heavy. I know you will do the best you problems that require the exercise of faith and can for them. God bless you. patience, must be reckoned with: the unalterable objective of an adequate religious ministry to un- Depression values to home missions must also derprivileged communities involves much more be acknowledged, if we are ready to appraise our than a numerical reduction of denominational present missionary situation from both the negestablishments; credal convictions, denomina- ative and positive viewpoints. Certain worthtional backgrounds and loyalties cannot be while advantages have accrued that we will do changed over night; an exchange of properties is well to ponder with reference to future adminmore easily accomplished than the transfer of istrative policies and procedures. Among them, folks from one denomination to another. Never- the following may be mentioned: theless, despite delicate and difficult factors that thrust themselves into the foreground of the pic- (1) There is a greater discrimination on the ture, church comity and interdenominational home part of missionary contributors. Since more limmissionary exhibits are multiplying with remark- ited resources involve greater sacrifices, contribuable rapidity. tors are naturally more concerned about the justi- fication of such investments, hence likely to de- Depleted resources for home missions, during mand dependable data relative to the projects the past five years, have registered results that they are asked to support. While official surveys must be appraised both negatively and positively. reveal the fact that church members are the most generous givers to general philanthropies as well

as to denominational causes, current conditions essary to curtail the existing work. In the Nemake the exercise of painstaking discrimination gro and Mountaineer missions we were able to imperative and increase the likelihood of more transfer much of the educational work to the selective missionary investments. county and state. In this and other ways these expenditures were reduced from one-half to two- (2) A thorough scrutiny of projects and pro- thirds. We came to the conviction that the real posals, by missionary agencies, uninfluenced by work of a mission board is evangelistic and mismerely sentimental appeals, must be made for sionary and not secular education, to the extent similar reasons. When resources are abundant, attempted previously. there is a tendency to undertake more work than may be warranted, because of the urgency of the Work among foreigners was likewise curtailed appeals. Recent years, with their excessive exac- in extent and expense. The work among Ameritions and financial limitations, have witnessed the cans suffered severe reductions in the number of severest sifting process with reference to both stations, as well as in salaries. At first we were personnel and proj ects, within the memory of con- led to require the local fields to pay more toward temporary home mission administrators. There the missionaries' support, but we soon came to is a growing conviction that fewer but better realize that the local fields, like the Board, were projects, and not so many but adequately equipped not able to pay as before. We began to reduce our workers, will ensure more permanent missionary appropriations, at first ten per cent and then progress. another ten per cent in the presbyteries, and fif- teen per cent more in overhead and administra- (3) There is a greater determination to adapt tion. modern missionary programs to the current needs of our modern world, at home and abroad. There This experience has not been altogether a cais an evident purpose to break with purely tradi- lamity but has brought some helpful results. In tional but unfruitful types of missionary work, as church buildings, the idea has changed from putwell as with unjustifiable denominational empha- ting up a big stone church with a large appropriases; to accord a conscientious recognition of mis- tion from the central Board to the erection of a sionary responsibility in the realms of social serv- more modest edifice. Sometimes a portable chapel ice and Christian cooperation; to scan with has been the solution. In most cases the stone greater eagerness the possibilities of interdenomi- church, formerly demanded for a home mission national activity in hastening the process of local station, has disappeared at least for the immeand world wide evangelism. diate future. Some congregations, by the use of local free labor of church members, have put up Other values might be included in this sum- wonderfully fine and suitable buildings with little mary, but the matter of major moment to the cash outlay. Kingdom of God and to genuine Christian progress is the dominance of spiritual incentives in Perhaps the greatest benefit has come through the human heart, the actual enthronement of the turning of thoughts from the material equip- Jesus Christ. ment to the divine equipment required. The Cen- tenary, New Era and New World church equip- In the Present Emergency ment has been overshadowed in the thoughts of the people by the necessity of spiritual endue- By the REV. R. A. HUTCHISON, D.D. ment. "Not by might … but by my Spirit"- is becoming more and more the recognized key to Secretary of the Board of American Missions, home mission progress. United Presbyterian Church of North America Much of this change in sentiment is due to the T IKE other mission boards, we have felt what continued financial shortage during these recent L people generally call "the depression.:" In years. So long as money was plentiful there was a continued demand for larger church buildings, fact, we ha,ve detected here and there a de- thoroughly equippea with Sabbath school rooms, pression complex. In the past four years th,e in- ladies' parlors, session rooms, gymnasium, come of the Board has dropped off graduhlly 'to kitchen, Boy Scout room, and other facilities. We almost one-half what it was'before. This has,led still believe that such activities ought, if possible, to the adjustment of the work to our income. . to be provideafor in the building; we do not think of limiting the church work to the old-time one- About three years ago our Board, seeing the room building, although much of the present-day distressing situation ahead, resolved to buy no strength of the church has been developed in such more property and not to finance any new build- plain and inadequate buildings. ing involving heavy outlay until we had taken care of the salaries of missionaries. Very few Few new congregations have been organized in mission fields had any local money for such an the last three or four years but many home misundertaking. sionaries testify that the very lack of elaborate It was not long, however, before it become nec-

THE VITAL NEED OF HOME MISSIONS TODAY

equipment turns the thoughts of the pastor and All in all, the period of financial depression has, people to God as the real source of Power. Under in many cases, been marked by a wholesome, rethese conditions Sabbath schools grow in num- viving spirit. To be sure, the work has been bers, Young People's societies develop in vitality, greatly hampered. The cords have not been missionary enterprises are conducted with un- lengthened so much, even though the stakes have usual success, and enthusiasm increases for the been strengthened. In the period just before us, salvation of souls and the extension of the King- even though the Home Missions finances are not dom. Under these conditions there has also de- so large as formerly, there is ground for hope that veloped a deeper sympathy and closer cooperation the workers will press on to greater results. between the Home Mission congregations and what we usually designate as self-sustaining Our prayer is that the current of the enterprise churches. There was a period not long ago when will run even deeper than it did under former some home mission congregations were really bet- more advantageous material resources. There is ter housed and equipped and the minister more still much territory to be occupied and there is an liberally supported than a neighboring congrega- increasing desire on the part of many to enter tion which did not receive aid from Home Mission the new fields. As we face the many serious mofunds. ral and spiritual problems, we are facing a new frontier in Home Mission work.

The Vital Need of Home Missions 'Today By the REVE.asFtROArNanKgeK, INN.GJD. ON, D.D., ~ Pastor of the Calvary Methodist Church PROFESSORS Thomson and Geddes, in their In the midst of the swiftly moving vortex of our discussion of General Biology,* compare the contemporary events the Church has a tendency life of an individual organism to an arched to be rigid. This is not peculiar to it alone, but bridge, rising from a basic level to a short middle is characteristic of all institutions, for by their stretch and then descending again. There is in nature they have a tendency to inertia that reg- any living experience a continual see-saw between isters in the crystallizing of their original im- waste and repair, nutrition and reproduction, petuses into set forms. The Church exists to per- work and rest, the issue of which is that processes suade men of the supreme validity of a certain of senescence, slowly or quickly, gain on the proc- Way of Life, therefore it deals primarily with esses of rejuvenescence. These arcs of experi- ideas and methods. When ideas petrify they be- ence vary in their lengths with the many types of come dogmas and when methods set they become life, from the brief career of the summer bee to institutional machinery. A Church that worships the possible two centuries of an elephant. These certain ways of saying things and habitual meth- strangely diverse life-histories have to be inter- ods for doing its work becomes an ecclesiasticism, preted in terms of their envIronment, and Weis- i. e. a church existing as an end in itself, produc- mann has demonstrated that length of life is an ing men who are slaves of dogmas and disciplines, adaptive character, defined by the ability. of the . i. e. ecclesiastics. The Church can be saved .from or~anism to adjust itself to ~pe external condi- this harJdening of its arteries only by continually tions of its life. It is this idea upon which I would . renew~.~~.the vitality of its impulses through new lay emphasis as a source 61 illumination for any expreSSIOns .and approaches adapted to the imme- consideration of th~. yalidity of Home Missions. diate needs of its environment. It must talk the They will continue to live as they maintain abil- language of its day. It must be able to detect the ity to adapt themselves to those conditions in the vital spots of its generation's life and to minister midst of which the~ have to work. The need of to them.

Home Missions is flexibility enough to serve a We must remember, however, that the accent changing world always at the points of its great- of our speaking voices can only echo that of. our est need. inner thoughts. Unless a man's thinking of reli- • Life: Outlines of General Biology. p. 759. gion in the deep places of his own mind has the

breath of immediate reality upon it, his public for sacrificial endeavor that will produce results presentation will never be quite free from an evi- quickly seen and emotionally gratifying. dent mustiness, as of something remembered rather than presently felt. An apostle of home The eyes of a little girl in the Cumberland missions remarked in my hearing recently that Mountains look out at me from the paper as I we cannot have great missionary giving from peo- write. I saw them nearly a year ago. I have not ple whose faith means so little to them that they seen them since, nor any picture of them, but do not think it worth-while to spend money to get they never leave me. They are twisted from the message to other people. That is the heart of malnutrition and dull for lack of opportunity. She the matter. The Church will never die from the tells through their eloquent silence the whole circumference in, but its wider activities will im- heart-rending story of sections of our country mediately shrink when it begins to weaken at the swamped with poverty and gritty with disease. center. Something has died within us before our No one can love our Lord Christ and leave her to outer works reveal decline. The "dark places," her lot. Let us lay our plans for a new society, which are throwing all our missionary enterprises but not all their grandiloquence can rid us of the into the shadow, are in our own pews not in the immediate responsibility to carry food, clothing, fields themselves that call for the shedding abroad learning and inspiration to that dwarfed body and of the Light of the Gospel of Christ. The current starved heart. reticence of the Church is a startling symptom of its own poverty. This, however, may be just as That Submerged Tenth definitely the result of our failure to come to grips with the actual issues of our day as of a peculiar In these United States, one cannot recall those inability' to catch the inner imperative of a com- who are without the good opportunities for a full manding communion with Christ. To this aspect experience without remembering, with a kind of of the question, therefore, we will turn our minds, dull ache of the spirit that is never quite comseeking to find whether we are actually giving our forted, that submerged tenth of our population religion a virile work-out on the sinewy giants shut off from an equitable share in our opportunioppressing the spirits of men now or are only ties because of a skin black with the light of many shadow-boxing with the ghosts of yesterday's suns. If we come in the spirit of our Master we tyrants. come not to be ministered unto by these fellow- humans but to minister to them, and that means a What are we trying to do in home missions? filling up at once of the lack that is in their com- The answer is that we are trying to Christianize munities.

our own country. But just what does that mean? Similarly one might write of those centers of population where men are herded into incongru- Does it mean that we are working to produce a ous medleys of race and tongue without either hope or beauty. There is an urgency about the land of inhabitants who are so devoted to hymn- Spirit of God that cannot put off the pressing cry singing that they substitute by popular demand, for help. Here, again, we must come, and at once, "Are you washed in the blood of the Lamb 7" for or every vile trade that flourishes on human weak- "Who's afraid of the big, bad wolf?" Incidentally ness will hold undisputed sway. perhaps, but not as the full dispensation of the Day of the Lord. A Christian country, presum- Besides these are those places where something ably, means one in which all the agencies of so- other, and less, than the religion of Jesus Christ ciety are in a grand conspiracy to help every in- is taught as the most excellent of ways. We candividual in all his relationships to realize the most not sit idly by while fellow-citizens of ours hear glorious possibilities that are in him. only of some second-best. In His footsteps, Who came not to destroy but to fulfill, we try to walk Now, suppose we should ask ourselves, as if we out to every last home that has not been lighted were looking at our country for the first time from by the radiance of His presence. such a point of view, where the most unchristian areas in our experience are, what should we say? These are areas of need as plain to perceive as a field white unto harvest ready for the skill of Stop here and write your own answer to the ques- the reaper; and it is n~tural that, throughout a ' period that -took for granted the fundamental tion. It will probably be n~arer the truth than premises of our social philosophy, our home mismine. It is sure to be of more value to you per- sions program should be directed mainly to them. sonally for it will reveal those places at which you Yet we may develop expert techniques for dealing can probably s~rve men most effectively. with these specific groups and still leave our ma- jor objective unserved. The critical places are The answer that at once suggests itself is a those where the power of this country is actually geographic one. There are certain places that centered. can be located on a map where men have fewer chances for the best in life than they have elsewhere. Obviously, there are here fields that call

Unless we can put the Spirit of Jesus in com- A similar anaylsis of the race situation in mand of the enterprises that set the conditions of North America will bring us to the same sort of our lives, whether our state be controlled by pro- conclusion. The Negro problem is in the white letarian or plutocrat, we shall fall short of devel- man's heart. It is created, not by the physical oping a Christian country. Our warfare is against fact of the existence of groups of black men, but the world rulers of this darkness, the enthrone- by the attitude of the dominant group who main- ment of selfishness in high places. The extra re- tain such an organization of life as to precipitate sponsibility of our day arises from the fact that it. The Negroes seem exotic to us because we the conflicting interests inherent in the present have a view of life that allows some human beings organization of our social experience are so to seem to us to be other than we are.

plainly dramatized by the obvious inequalities Into every discussion of human affairs there they produce. The world in which we live is at comes sooner or later the spirit of nationalism enmity with the Christian ideal because those loaded with dynamite. In a recent discussion of ideas that control the citadels of effective power statesmanship, that takes full account in a rev- among us are essentially pagan. They are such erent spirit of religion as a factor in human af- as tyrannize over the minds of men instead of fairs, one Of our own most intelligent statesmen setting them free. has written almost incidentally, "Closing down The areas of life that are so finally unchristian some factories would be of grave national con- as to poison our whole experience are not geo- cern, not only because of the resulting unemploy- graphical but ideal. Home missions, therefore, ment, but also because some factories are needed without paralyzing their ministry to the obvious in time of war." * The interesting fact about that dire needs must recognize and come to grips with reference to war is that it is so casual. It takes these intangible but powerful forces of injustice, it for granted. That attitude is characteristic of or else abandon their main end and be satisfied the thinking of the world. At this moment it is with a secondary one. We must change the mind being emphasized by the growth of Fascism, tar- of our generation or pass on to the next a world iffs, international armaments and the discredit of essentially unchanged. This does not mean that the League of Nations. By any reckoning a nar- we shall cease to serve the outcast, but that we row patriotism is opposed to that human brother- frankly recognize that our chief, and much more hood which is a distinctive insight of the Chris- difficult, task is to persuade men that the Spirit of tian view. Yet here it is as a dominant psycho- Christ can be enthroned where the character of logical factor underlying our human affairs.

our life is really defined. The hurdle which stands Along with these influences in our life we must in the way of our having a Christian land is the put the growth of the idea of determinism in its tacit assumption of conventional points of view various interpretations. The economists of the that mould our destiny by unchristian motives extreme right expound theories of economic laws which work out to practices that divide rather which work impersonally and to which we must than unite men's interests. adjust ourselves if we are to succeed, while the We begin, for example, by accepting the idea Marxians to the left insist with equal fervor upon that the goods of life belong to those who have their own kind of materialistic determinism. Ours material wealth. The easy objection to this may is a world of law, we are told, and so the condi- spring from nothing more than envy, but the tions of life work themselves out regardless of our more searching argument is that such a state of control, free-will being a sort of major illusion.

affairs produces the dual effect of economic ex- That we can understand the forces that move us ploitation and a distribution of power -on the basis but cannot control them is the basic idea of secu- of other than socially useful considerations. Chilo larism in all its manifestations. It cuts the nerve- dren are born into communities where they. are centres of high enterprise and leaves men at the deprived of a chance to live a normal life be- mercy of their baser passions of greed and com- cause it is to the economic advantage of those bat.

controlling them that such a state of things shall When we think about home missions going up continue. Every fifth child in the United States against these ideas we are conscious of two points is undernourished, not because we are a nation of tension. One is institutional and the other so- without compassion, but because men seeking cial in the wider sense. Our traditional ways of profits are thereby inoculated against the consid- doing missionary work have made no place· f{)r eration of the social results of their policies. By such considerations as these, therefore all the every standard of the Gospel this is anti-Chris- forces of inertia will suspect us when we intro- tian, yet it will persist as long as we leave the fun- duce them. It will be hard to persuade supporting damental premise unquestioned. Poverty exists churches that these are legitimate areas for mis- because men work and profit by a philosophy that sionaryactivity. Even when we have swung them makes human welfare a secondary consideration. • "America Must Choose," by Secretary Henry A. Wallace. p. 18.

to our point of view we shall be facing a still more ing men acquainted with the long story of human potent difficulty for we shall find the churches at thought and able to bring the fundamental Chrisodds with the social complex in the midst of which tian point of view to expression without rancor or special pleading in such a way as to win the they must live and from which they must draw consent of minds that are being continually sub- jected to other ways of looking at the world and their support. Some men will say that we "are its problems of conduct. We are under obligasubversive and dangerous. Nevertheless, the tion to bring the profoundest thought of which simple fact remains that we cannot bring forth a we are capable to its most excellent expression as Christian nation without getting at these roots of a guide to the minds of men. our unchristian practices with their inhumane consequences. As is indicated by the above illustration of the Communists we need also evangelists of brother- What I am suggesting is that we must map our hood. The extraordinary complexity of our curhome missions programs in terms of the intellec- rent life is continually creating situations that tual climates in which men live as well as of the call for applications of the Christian ethic in pracphysical conditions of their experiences. Into the tical ways. The average Christian would apprechaos of contemporary thinking we must set our- ciate guidance in meeting his own adjustments selves the task of injecting a statesmanship of and, if given it, would thereby become a much the mind which can discern where the crucial more powerful factor for righteousness. We owe points of influence are and bring the resources of to ourselves, and to the society of which we are a our interpretation to bear upon them. Commu- part, the best collective expression we can give nism, for example, is not merely the philosophy of to what Christian brotherhood actually means. a limited but regimented minority party; it is also a moral and intellectual force, some phases of In the same field of action we are in need of which are distinctly on the side of our ideals, but evangelists of racial justice. When certain Neothers of which are in confiict with us. Take, as groes, charged with crime, were being tried rean instance, its treatment of the Negroes in the cently they were helped by various groups in our United States. When the Communists meet they American community, but no professedly Chrisinsist on the same treatment being given the col- tian agency was on hand to aid them in getting a ored members of their conventions in the hotels just trial. What a dramatization of the Chris- tian spirit it would have been if an able lawyer and elsewhere as is given the white members.* had been commissioned in the name of our Lord and by His people to secure an absolutely fair Let a group of church people meet, however, and hearing to these men whose condition was dithe whites use one set of hotels while the colored rectly chargeable to the inequities of our society delegates use another. In other words, the prac- itself! This same sort of practice could be aptice of those officially charged with the work of plied to many local events and to some that in- Christ's Church is less Christian at this point than volve the dealings of great nations with small. is that of those who disclaim all religious loyalties. Yet this kind of action is precisely the kind that There are subtle forces, deeply seated in acis most determinative in producing ultimate so- cepted practices and places of power, that must cial change. be overcome if we are to produce countries fit to be called Christian. A home mission program Such situations are many and seem to indicate that meets the immediate needs arising out of those areas in which our home mission leadership current social practices is useful and appealing must set itself the triple task of changing the but it stops with scratching the surfaces of our mind of the Church itself, of developing tech- paganisms. A program that is really to change our niques of social conduct conformable to the mind world must build itself in terms of changing funof Christ and of aggressively meeting situations damEmtal attitudes. In other words, we must reprecipitated by the applied vision of organized capture the stirring expectation of conversion in groups working to their own ends. human experience. Men must be regenerated in a way that will affe«t all the relationships of their To capture the imaginations of certain power- lives, both personal and social. It is a big demand. ful groups we need evangelists of the Christian But who would expect such a one as Jesus Christ philosophy. I mean by this men definitely set to ask us for little deeds? aside by the church to specialize in ideas, brood- • The Student Volunteers fOT Foreign Missions and many other Christian organizations Insist on the same equality of treatment.- EDITOR.

A Better Day Coming for China?

The Proposed New Chinese Constitution and Its Significance to Christian Progress By DR. COURTENAY H. FENN, New York Recording Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE latest of a long series of "drafts" of a of Evangelical Christianity, which they have permanent constitution for the Republic of adopted for themselves and would gladly see all China was made public on March 1, 1934. China adopt. Many other high officials in the The others have represented evolutionary stages Nanking Government also realize that all of in the development of one of the greatest political China's cultural inheritance together 'fill not experiments of the age, the attempt to create a serve to make her a stable republic or a great na- bona fide republic out of an aged and decrepit tion without the backbone of a true religious monarchy, absolute in name though rather an oli- faith. As providing the essential conditions for garchy in fact. Among the largest nations of the such a development in a constitutionally regulated world in area and far the largest in population, society and political system, this latest draft con- China's experiment seemed almost fantastically stitution should make a distinct contribution to futile in view of the fact that ninety-five per cent China's "Better Day."

of her four hundred million people could neither This new constitution for the Republic has been read nor write. Many confidently predicted, from in preparation by the Legislative Yuan, one of the the proclamation of the republic in 1911-12, that five departments of the existing government, for it would prove a dismal failure, a republic only about a year. Authorized by the Fourth National in name, establishing-if it really established any- Congress of the governing People's party, the thing-a tyranny of temporarily dominant mili- Kuomintang, it is now offered for general criti- tary leaders under a banner of license rather than cism before final revision and adoption by a Na- of liberty, with an exploiting and down-treading tional People's ConventiQll called for March, 1935.

of the common people even worse than that of the It follows the National Reconstruction Program Manchu Empire which had just been overthrown. of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, and is expected to bring to an According to unfriendly neighbors and even end the period of "political tutelage," and to es- some of her friends, this pessimistic prediction tablish a real democracy.

has been too sadly fulfilled in the twenty-two The constitution contains 160 articles in nine years of the Chinese Republic's history. Civil chapters. The Republic is to be based on Dr.

wars under many leaders, several attempts to re- Sun's "Three People's Principles" of National Sov- store the monarchy, both sporadic and organized ereignty, Popular Liberty, and People's Liveli- banditry, sectional jealousies, personal animosi- hood. The territory of China can only be changed ties, conflicting ideals, radical theories, selfish with the consent of the People's Congress. The gain-seekings, have combined to impede the prog- people's rights are limited by their duties, which ress and prevent the success of the new Republic are to meet the needs of the social order and the to a greater degree even than the unneighborly public welfare. The endeavor of the drafters has aggressions of other nations, which have pro- been to swing to no extremes, but to provide for fessed considerate friendliness but practiced popular self-government under a president and ruthless enmity. other officials with definitely limited powers.

This responsibility for failure has been frankly One of the editors of the "Bulletin of China's acknowledged by some of China's most thoughtful Foreign Relations," published by the Interna- and influential leaders, who have demonstrated tional Relations Club of Nanking, comments: their unselfish patriotism in their courageous ad- It is probably wise to adopt only moderate principles vocacy of thoroughgoing reforms. None of for the improvement of political, economic and social life China's leaders are more earnest or consistent re- of the country. China will have to overcome enormous formers than that prominent official and military difficulties before a permanent condition can be firmly commander-in-chief, General Chiang Kai-shek, established. The people must be thoroughly educated in the exercise of their constitutional rights and duties. and Madame Chiang, both of whom see China's Faithful and competent officials, particularly impartial one hope of salutary reform in the faith and life and authoritative judges, must be appointed to apply and [858 ]

interpret the various provisions of the new constitution. research and inventions and shall protect historic After all, the leaders of the Central Government must remains. fully realize the significance of a constitution and be rea?y to uphold it whenever there is an attempt to destroy Its Chapter V provides that each district or mu- authority. nicipality shall elect one delegate to the National Congress by "universal, equal, direct and un- The constitution establishes Nanking as the named suffrage" of all Chinese citizens over 20 national capital and the national flag is to be made years of age'; those over 25 years being also eligiup of a red background with a blue sky and white ble for election to office. Congress shall meet trisun in the upper left corner. It declares all per- ennially for one month, to elect or recall the presisons of Chinese nationality citizens and all citizens equal before the law, irrespective of sex, dent or vice-president and the members and of- ficers of the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Exrace, religion, caste or vocation. It assures to all amination and Control Yuans (Departments), to liberty in accordance with the law, a prompt and initiate legislation, adopt or amend the constitujust trial when accused, freedom of association and assembly, of speech and publication, of pri- tion and consider problems submitted by the Navacy of correspondence and liberty in religious tional Government. The functions of the membelief. It guarantees the right of private prop- bers terminate with adjournment, before which they elect a People's Committee of 21 members, erty, of petition, of election, of competition for civil service. It requires of all the duties of pay- with ten alternates, all to be over 45 years of age ing taxes and of performing military service and and distinguished for service rendered the nation. They are to hold no concurrent posts, but act as public labor when necessary to preserve public in- the National Congress ad interim, or call a proterests or safety. visional Congress for special emergencies. Chapter III sets forth Dr. Sun Yat Sen's eco- Chapter VI defines the relations of the central nomic system, "to ameliorate the production, dis- and local governments. The Central Government, tribution and consumption of wealth so as to ef- among many other usual powers, is to have confect the sufficiency of the people's livelihood." trol of the naval, military and air forces, which The land is to belong to the people as a whole, are to be conscripted and trained in accordance and persons having the right to ownership of with law. It has the power to declare war, make lands shall bear the obligation of using such lands. peace and conclude treaties. Mines and natural forces are to belong to the na- According to Chapter VII, the president and tion, and increases of value not due to labor and the five Yuans shall be responsible to the Nacapital are to be publicly shared through the col- tional Congress. Any citizen over 45 years of age lection of a tax. There are to be income and in- may become president or vice-president for one heritance taxes, a rational system for the distri- or two terms of six years. The president is to bution of profits and the limitation of interest and represent the Republic in foreign relations. The rentals. Prices of necessities are to be regulated functions and interrelations of the five Yuans are and cooperative enterprises encouraged. The la- too intricate to be set forth here, except as indibor of women and children is to be limited and cated by their names. The function of the Exprotected. Reliefs and pensions are to be pro- amination Yuan corresponds somewhat to that of vided for those who have suffered in military or the Board of Censors under the Imperial Govcivil service. The State is to provide for land ernment. It is to determine by means of examireclamation, farm credits, grain conservation, ag- nation, (1) The qualification of public functionricultural education, improved living conditions aries for appointment; (2) Their qualification for and extensive road building. candidacy, (3) The qualification of professional In Chapter IV provision is made for an equal and technical experts. The functions of the Con- opportunity in education, the aims of which shall trol Yuan, whose fifty (or less) members are to be "the cultivation of higher personality, promo- be distributed on the basis of locality, character tion of living ability and nurture of healthy citi- and scholarship, are to conduct audits and serve zens." All children are to receive free education, as the highest supervisory organ of the National and special adult education is to be offered. All Government. Thus far these last two Yuans, pro- public and private schools shall be subject to the vided also in previous provisional constitutions, State and carryon its educational policies. The have been little in evidence. The Executive Yuan central government's expenditure on education has exercised most government functions.

shall not be less than 15% of its total budget and According to Chapter VIII, Provincial Coun- that of cities and districts not less than 3070 of cils, composed of a popularly elected member the local budget. The state shall encourage and from each district or municipality, serving for help with grants successful private schools. All three years, are to be convoked semiannually for schools shall offer scholarships and prizes to help one month, to elect a governor from among five the deserving needy. The state is to encourage nominees of the National Government, adopt a

BALUBA MEDICINE AND RELIGION

budget, propose provincial bills to the Legislative The intervening years have witnessed a great Yuan and pass provincial ordinances. No active advance in every aspect of religious liberty save military man may be a candidate for governor. one, in which such liberty has been more circum- scribed than before. In education "religious free- Chapter IX concerns itself with District and dom" has been interpreted as freedom from Municipal government. The local magistrates are religion, rather than freedom for religion. Chito be elected by the people and serve for three nese educationalists have undertaken to separate years, the passing of civil service examinations education completely from religion, especially in being requisite for candidacy. District Assem- the case of children under fifteen or sixteen years blies will number from 9 to 17 members, self- of age. There is nothing in the new draft congoverning Municipal Assemblies from 11 to 29 stitution which changes this interpretation so as members, the functions of both being defined in to give private schools full liberty to teach relithe draft. gion and maintain worship in all grades. The Christian Church asks no preferential treatment A tenth chapter deals with the process of but hopes that, in the course of time, the full reliamendment and related matters. gious liberty and universal education promised in the new constitution will be so liberally inter- Any "Better Day" for China should include the preted and administered as not only to promote establishment of true religious liberty. This seems national unity and stability, but also to further to be guaranteed by the proposed new constitu- the work of the missions and the Church in estabtion. Twenty years ago, when the Republic's first lishing China's "Better Day" on the only sure constitution was drafted, discussion waxed hot foundation of enlightened morality inspired by over a demand for such liberty. Christians, Bud- strong faith in the only living and true God. dhists, Taoists and Mohammedans joined together to defeat the Confucianists, who insisted that their system be adopted as the "national religion."

Baluba Medicine and Religion* By ONAR HARTZLER, Kabongo, Belgian Congo THE Baluba tribe situated on the sources of cost anywhere from a few cents to twelve or thir- the Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo, teen dollars. As the highest paid workers get has many kinds of bwanga or medicine. They little more than two dollars a month, a person also call the secret societies bwanga, but the real may easily pay half a year's wages on a little medicine is that made by the nanga or doctor. medicine which may be of some help psycho- logically but whose help physically is worse than One kind of medicine is called the lusengo nothing. They take some of this medicine in (loosayngo) . This is the horn of a small antelope sacks and bury it in front of their houses in a kite filled with dirt, sweat, fingernails, hair, skin and (keetay) to keep the spirits away from the house. other filth, said to be consecrated by the doctor. These are protection only to the person who made One kind of fetish is the small figure of a womor bought them. The large horns are kept in the an with the arms akimbo. If a man leaves his houses, and are licked before eating. This, they wife on a trip or vice versa, the one remaining believe, makes them immune to any poison that keeps this fetish. They believe that it tells them might have been put in the food by an enemy. whether the absent one is behaving himself or not. The small horns are put on strings about the neck Another kind is called the bwanga bwa ntambo, of the owners, or in their very curly hair. These or lion medicine, a concoction bound in the skin of are believed to be safeguards against bodily ill- a young lion or leopard in the shape of a horn. ness. In the large end is placed a piece of wood from which four or five horns are protruding. When Another kind is the kihudji (keehohdjee) which the people want protection they put one finger in is a small nut shell filled with the same general the open end of the horn, and then lick the finger. concoction as the horns. These are strung about the body and are also for the purpose of guarding Another medicine is called the bwanga bwa against illness. The many kinds of medicine mbo, buffalo medicine. This is made to the accalled bwanga are bought from the doctor and companiment of chanting, yelling, dancing and the beating of tom-toms. If a man has this medi- * From the South A/rica Missionary Advocate.

cine he believes that he and his gun are invisible. lewd performances, it is still harder. Many of To belie this, however, a few months ago, a man their customs are all right but many more of them who had a lot of this medicine was killed by a are wholly wrong. We teach them to regard those buffalo. that are good and replace the evil ones with Chris- The methods of curing are almost as primitive, tian customs. The difference between the face usually consisting of a string bound between the of a Christian and that of an ordinary man is very sick member and the heart as tight as possible. striking, for the face of the former is filled w~th They have some herbs, but they use these very joy and peace, while that of the latter is filled wIth rarely, and usually only for the trial by ordeal. fear, the fear of death.

The villagers believe there is no natural de.ath.

They say that if anyone dies, someone has kIlled CHRIST COMING TO THE CONGO him. As soon as someone dies, all his relatives Life is very full in Congo BeIge. The inter- come together and begin to yell and scream, thus change of ideas is batHing. All the books prepared supposedly expressing their grief for the~r be- for use at home are not at all suitable for Cong0 loved (?) relative. If anyone does not do thIS, the schools. Not only must everything be translated death of the deceased person is placed at his door. -that would be comparatively simple-but there If everyone cries, the nearest. relatives go to the is little that is useful when it is translated, be- witch-doctor and constrain him to receive their cause its whole background is incomprehensible present of a chicken and consult the forefathers. to a native reader. The witch-doctor then takes his bag of bones, and by throwing them makes them fall in conjunction Curiously enough, they have a compensating ad- to one another. Then he says that because they vantage over us in their understanding of the fell in a certain way, such and such a man has Bible-or parts of it. Life in ancient Judea was killed the relative. The man so pointed out has much more akin to their customs than to any- to pay a large fine, or be killed. Into this enters thing we can conceive of in comfortable modern the trial by ordeal. Of course, the witch-doctor America. The moral problems of the Old Testagets the lion's share of the price paid. This belief ment are their problems, and the religious back- of the blood revenge and blood price is almost the ground of Israel is only a step removed from their same as that of the desert Arabs. traditions. Proverbs are as significant to them as to the Hebrews, and the man who has one for At the crossroads, and at the boundaries of every occasion is the winner of every argument. the cheffries, is usually placed a pile of grass, upon New Testament life was more complicated than which each traveler drops his blade of grass, as that of their fathers, but its counterpart is taka wish for good luck along the road. ing form about them now, and Christ points the only road of hope for them today as He did to His The people have quite a few names for God. own generation. They have many stories of the creation. The m?st credited one is that Leza (layzah>. created all In- The teaching of the Gospels is the most fasanimate things, and then Shakapanga came along cinating and thrilling adventure of the day. Their and created all animals and men but he left them questions are eager and will not be denied. So to the mercy of the spirits of the dead. We Chris- we study together to reach the fullest understandtians show them that Leza and Shakapanga are ing, and new meanings come to us daily as we one person and that He has been with them all work. For example: here is the parable of the the time. Other titles are Budangulu, the gath- grain of mustard seed, that unknown species erer of the hills; Vidye Mukulu, the Original which grew so big that it overshadowed all the Lord; Nkungwabanze; Kapole Mwine Bantu, the plants in the garden. They told me of a kind of Holy Lord of Men, Kapinanmwanabo. Most of pepper plant which grows like that in their these names have no exact equivalent in English. gardens. But what is the meaning? I had always thought of that marvelous plant as signifying Many people h~ve a small hut about two feet how God's kingdom is to fill the whole world. But high in front or at the back of their houses. They they reminded me that those seeds in the parables say that the spirits of their fathers dwell there were planted in the heart, and so we came to' this and when they want to worship or pacify them, sense of the- parable, that as the plant overthey make some mush in the evening, and take it shadowed everything in the garden, so does the to the hut. There they build a small fire, chanting Kingdom, when it has taken root in the heart, all the while. Then they put the mush in front grow to be the biggest thing there, overshadowing of the hut, crying Tata! Tata! Father! Father! every thought and purpose, every seedling idea After chanting another song they go away.

It is these beliefs and superstitions that we and every nurtured plan. have to fight against. It is a very long work and slow, and with new secret societies coming in with GEORGE W. CARPENTER, Baptist Mission, Kimpese, via Matadi.

W. ABEL INTERVIEWING A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN HELPER. AT

From Darkness to Light in Papua A Review of the "Life of Charles W. Abel, of Kwato"*-Forty years in the South Seas -1~-=-=-=-=_BY-=D_EL_A_V_A_N=-L'_P_IE_R_S_O_N-=-=-=-=~Ir- M UCH has recently been written about New oneers as William G. Lawes, Samuel MacFarlane Guinea-or Papua as it is called to dis- and James Chalmers. With the last of these mis- tinguish it from the Dutch half of this sionaries Charles Abel was associated for eleven great, unexplored island. The savage life of the years before Chalmers was killed and eaten by the people of the interior furnishes an interesting and cannibals thirty years ago. Abel was himself picturesque theme for travelers and anthropolo- a unique character and had'an unusual career. He gists. The rich vari~ty of products, including gold, added an important chapter to missioriary history rare woods, and unusual fauna and flora, have and proved that by the power of Christ cannibals made it a fascinating field for the study of natural and children of cannibals can be transformed into history; and the social life, superstitions and cus- intelligent, friendly and useful men, and women.

toms of these isolated primitive people have been The dangers and difficulties thatAbel encountered a fruitful theme for such writers as Margaret and overcame show the heroic ' stuff of which he Mead, J. H. Holmes, W. J. V. Saville, Wm. E. was made. Moreover, he took with him a 'young Bromilow, A. R. Pratt and others. bride to this forbidding field where her courage The missionary history of New Guinea has been and practical common sense helped to make her enlivened by the thrilling experiences of such pi- husband's work more effective and saved many a Fle•m"iCnhgaHrl.esRWev,elAl bCeol. ofNKewwaYtoo,r"k.by1R93u4s.sellCoWpi.eAs boefl.thi8s svtor.on$g2a.0n0d. critical situation. sthtierroinffgicebioofgrtahpehMy ImSSaIOyNbAeRYorRdEeVreIEdWthOroFugTHh EanWyORbLoDo.kseller or from The famous Chalmers, ·the Great Heart of New GUl'nea, or "Tamate" as he was called by the na- [357 ]

tives, wrote to Mrs. Abel (referring to her hus- In this story we learn not only how a successful band): "I met him two years ago, and he sus- Christian mission was first started among untained all I had heard about him. I am astonished friendly savages, but we see how it developed and at your fearlessness in having him, only I fancy became a civilizing influence which reached far he is worth taming. I have always had a liking into the interior. The Papuans are divided into for wild savages myself! They are worth looking many languages and tribes; the chief occupation after, and then there is, as you will experience in of the men formerly was warfare, with the makyour undertaking hereafter, the joy of seeing ing of weapons and war canoes, while the women them tamed, meek and lowly, and in a proper state cultivated their gardens. They had little or no of mind!" religious belief but were, and still are, weighed down with fear and superstition. Sorcery is held A PAPUAN WAR CANOE responsible for many deaths. While their morals are low in their primitive state, their tribal laws It seems strange that, after forty years among and customs which guide conduct make an interthe primitive people of New Guinea (Papua), esting sociological study. The Christian Papuans with many thrilling experiences and dangers are a lovable people, have great mechanical abilamong cannibals and warring tribes, this noble ity, a remarkable ear for music and a deep sense missionary should finally meet his death by a blow of gratitude for kindness. from a speeding motor car in the outskirts of London. But Abel had lived his life and had done Abel sometimes questioned whether he was wela work such as few men can look back upon. His come among these people as a representative of wife, his two sons and two daughters are now Christ and was tempted to discouragement, but carrying on with remarkable success in the same he showed his true spirit when he wrote: field in the South Seas. "In those early days of my work I often had the This biography of Charles Abel, by his younger miserable feeling, which was more than a susson is a stirring story. It begins with the account picion, that I was forcing myself upon people of his boyhood in England; takes the youth where I was not wanted. However, there was no through some severely testing times among the doubt in my mind, as I looked about me upon that Maoris and "gum diggers" in New Zealand in the heathen community, that, little as I was wanted, pioneer days; carries him back, fully awakened, I was sorely needed; and I remembered how often to complete his studies in an English college and my Master must have been tolerated where He then describes his checkered, and often exciting, was not welcomed." career through forty years in Eastern Papua. A PAPUAN VILLAGE SCENE Abel himself had an ambition to go out to the mission field as a lay worker, rather than as an How Abel gained the friendship of these savordained missionary of the London Missionary ages is told in this biography: Society. As he says in one of his letters: There is no doubt that the missionary's fearless espousal "I did my best to join the society as a layman; of justice did much to establish Abel in the eyes of the and although I see now that, all things considered, natives. They could not doubt his disinterested friendit was best for me to come as a qualified "Rever- ship. They refused to think of him, as in one case it was end," I strongly protest, however, against my use- pointedly suggested concerning a venerable veteran misfulness and influence being limited in any degree sionary, that perhaps the reason he had come so far afield by that title. My ordination to the work of a mis- was that his own country would not have him! sionary to a savage people should bear with it no disqualification to engage in any necessary work "When I saw Taubada face revolvers pointed by his for Christ's sake. Nothing in His Name can sec- own angry countrymen, in order to speak out for some ularize me. If I am true to my great trust-the Papuans, I knew he was truly our friend," testified an conversion and uplifting of my people-whatever old native eye-witness of an incident at the mines. Walkwork I touch is spiritualized. I would gladly re- ing through the forest many years later in the same vinounce my ordination so that I might be free to cinity, Abel came suddenly upon a party of women at a put forth all my energies in Christ's service." bend in the track. The women immediately threw down their burdens and vanished into the surrounding scrub. One of the mission carriers cried out: "It is not a white man, it is only a missionary!" As he repeated this information the women began to reappear, shamefaced and embarrassed.

FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT IN PAPPA

"Oh, Taubada, we thought you were a white man!" they "It is the poverty of the material we have to work upon apologized. in a country like this which creates the need for an in- dustrial auxiliary to our mission …… We have robbed The character of Charles Abel stands out clear- the people of an incentive to much work. Are we going ly, not by laudatory adjectives which his son and to supply them with no other incentive, or are we to be others might have used to describe him, but by satisfied in letting Christianity take root in the inertia the story of deeds he performed and the letters he which it has created?" wrote revealing his innermost soul. He had rare and practical good sense, deep religious faith, a He had the conviction, which many are today definite vision for the Papuans, remarkable cour- voicing, that too much paraphernalia and too age, a wonderful capacity for friendship and an elaborate ideas are pressed upon such primitive irresistible sense of humor which enlivened even people so that Western standards are often conthe most gloomy and trying situations. This sense fused with Christian ideals. Referring to housing of humor often illuminates the pages of the biog- difficulties on the mission field, Abel wrote: raphy. "Let us remember that the Lord's work is in more than buildings; it is in the hearts of our people, and perhaps He sees that we had better do deeper work before we go so far ahead with the material things. There is so much emphasis put upon service, charities, and machinery in the Christian world today that you do fight a bit shy of too much paraphernalia."

A WATER VILLAGE AT PORT MORESBY He had no desire to foist on the Papuans a spu- rious civilization. One of his aims as a mission- He was a man who did not know how to ac- ary is revealed in another letter: knowledge defeat in any work that he believed was the work of God and that he was called upon "1 don't think God means me to leave these people to to do. He appealed to his own Papuan boys to flounder into a form of civilization which is grotesque and stand by him in a very difficult task of transform- spurious, but feeling as 1 do, and seeing as 1 do, 1 must ing a pestilential swamp into a wholesome athletic use my influence in directing them to a new condition of field. We read: life which is healthy and sound and progressive …… "

Loyally, and for his sake entirely, they went at their One of the difficulties in Papua is that many work with a will, though it seemed a hopeless proposition languages and dialects are spoken over a comwith the tiny handful of workers left to battle with it. paratively small area. Abel learned several of "We are laying the foundations of character," wrote their these languages but worked chiefly in Suau. He leader, while we lay the foundations of a large model translated much of the Bible for these people and village upon the swamp ……the work is moral as well the difficulties encountered are revealed in an as manual." early extract from his journal, at the time of his first attempts. He was first of all an ambassador of Christ but he realized the necessity for giving the primitive THE MEMORIAL HOUSE OF PRAYER AT KWATO people not only elementary education, but also for preparing the people for honest, useful lives "Translating all the evening. 1 approached the Sermon by teaching suitable industries to take the place on the Mount again with a feeling of great awe. 1 spent of their dances, heathen feasts and savage war- more than an hour over the phrase "poor in spirit" with fare. He wrote: McLaren's sermon in mind. There is no equivalent in Suau, of course, but a language formed, as this so often "We ought to be willing, if necessary, to strike out on is, of words made up of a sentence, gave Dageola and me altogether new lines. We should be prepared to abandon an answer to our special prayer in arriving at, 8e nuacherished ideas as to what constitute the duties of mis- tudobidobiuioidi' literally, "those who think themselves sionaries placed as we are …… Weare not here to make down." It impiies humility; it is an act of self-belittlesavages religious. Weare here to make these weak, ment. It will be easy to read poverty of spirit into this foolish, superstition-bound people, strong Christian men. term. 1 am delighted with the discovery." We shall have to come much more in touch with the life of these people, outside our strictly spiritual work, befor~ The results of these forty years of heroic servwe shall succeed in this. We shall have td come down ice were rewarding, for savages were transformed to that level in which we find them so full of sorcery and fighting and immoral dancing, and supplement our great message, and make our religious work a real thing by meeting them in the common affairs of their daily life."

At another time Abel wrote to his missionary colleagues, in defense of his views on industries:

into earnest, witnessing Christians. One incident WHEN FUNUSUI WAS SICK* is related as follows: We thank God for the high spiritual tone in the Abel had occasion to speak strongly to the Christian One Pusu school (Solomon Islands, South Sea Papuans and to chide theml for their failure to live up to Evangelical Mission). Christian ideals. His words bore traces of disappointment. The meeting was being held just before a communion The other night a big Kwara'ae man named service. When Abel had finished speaking Daniela, a one Funusui came to have a verse of Scripture ex- time war-like savage chief of Lilihoa, rose to his feet and plained to him. He told his life story, and I was said: amazed to find that he had been a Christian for only one year. His brother was the big /ata'abu "Your words are true, Taubada, and we hear them. (witch doctor) of his district, and he (Funusui) But remember that we are very weak. We do not forget what God has done for us. There are scars on my body that Paolo of Logea (and he pointed to another chief was to have become a witch doctor also. He bewho had turned to Christ) inflicted," yet now he is my came very sick, and his people offered sacrifices brother for we are one in Christ. A few years ago I of pigs to their akalos (evil spirits). The spirit sought for vengeance and yearned for Paolo's life. I had told the /ata'abu that Funusui would be betcaptured and ate his people as he did mine, and as he ter in six days, but he still continued very sick. did my wife. See the change today for we shall soon kneel together and remember how Christ died for us. Be- He said in his Pidgin English: cause He died, there is no malice in my heart. Weare brothers." "Me countim every day make six; now me no get better, and me say, which way devil gammon Russell Abel, the author of this stirring life long me all same?"

story, was born in New Guinea about thirty years During his illness he thought a great deal about ago. There he was educated by his mother in the the little he had heard of the Gospel, and decided midst of primitive surroundings, without schools that if he could get to a Christian village he might or contacts with the emoluments and advantages get well. Some heathen who lived near by, at that of so-called civilization. With only a year or two time made a big feast, to which he knew some of additional schooling in Australia, he prepared Christian men would go to preach, so he sent a for college and was graduated from Cambridge small boy there to ask a certain Christian relative University, England, in 1928, having specialized of his to come and see him. Under God's hand in science and anthropology. When a student in this relative was there doing the Lord's work, the university, his father, who was always a vital and, of course, came to visit Funusui. The Chrisforce in his children's lives, showed that he under- tian pleaded with him to come to "school," and stood the subtlety of intellectual pitfalls and was to accept Christ. not afraid to sound a warning note. He wrote to his son: "All right," replied Funusui, "you Christian men come tomorrow, and take me go."

"Most anthropologists seem to be men without any But his own brother, the witch doctor, had de- spiritual vision. I expect you will hear a lot of things on cided that as Funusui was going to die, he would this subject which would make our precious faith look like him to die in his house, so he sent men to get foolish. . . . .. "Hold fast to that which is good." If you him. Thus it happened that the two parties, the keep near to Christ you will see too plainly how charge- messengers of Life and the messengers of death, less a life is theirs who only see with their eyes, and only believe the things which they can handle." met at the sick man's house at the same time on Russell Abel, like his father, has visited Amer- their respective errands. "I have set before you ica several times on the way to Papua and has the way of life and the way of death…… Thereproved himself a most acceptable speaker, with fore choose life" (Deut. 30: 19). Praise God he the same sense of humor and gift for graphic de- chose life. The Christian men helped him down scription that his father possessed. Mrs. Abel, the mountains to their village, and that evening with her two sons and two daughters, is now en- the Christian teacher, Moses Lau-bi-na, gathered gaged in mission work in Eastern Papua under his people together to pray for Funusui's healing. the New Guinea Evangelization Society* of Amer- Later, at the side of the sick man, the teacher ica and the Kwato Extension Association of Eng- prayed for hours, and although he had been ill land. These are cooperating missions with an for six months, he began to recover that night, interdenominational and international board of and in six days was well. directors. It is a work, like the China Inland Mission and the Dohnavur Mission, conducted by It was not Jong before he came into definite faith and sacrifice, with full dependence on God, touch with the Master, and he has gone on with acceptance of the inspiration of the Bible, and Him ever since. At first his wife was unwilling surrender to the Lordship of Christ as the Son of to leave her heathen relatives, but later she came God and only Saviour of men. with her children, and accepted the Lord too.

D ltEAD. One Pasu, Solomon Islands.

• Gifts for this work may be sent to Mr. Walter McDougall, • Reprinted from Not In Vain. Treas., 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

A New Project for Christian

By the REV. J. ROBERT HARGREAVES St. Paul, Minnesota Field Representative of the Joint Committee of the National Church Councils THERE are signs of a moral and spiritual on spiritual values as expressed in every-day con- awakening in many parts of America, even duct. In very many centers, including some 10- though this is not particularly noticeable in calities with small church privileges, this emphathe churches. In the past, revivals of religion sis is teaching the art of living together in the were rather closely confined to limited circles spirit of 1 Corinthians 13.

while the present revival (believe it or not) is In one city district, where the little church had more widespread. The Church of Jesus Christ been closed, it was discovered that in the school of was never intended to be an end in itself. It is a about 700 pupils a very efficient moral and spiritmeans to an end, the establishment of the King- ual training was being carried on under a de- dom of God among men. The splendor of a great cidedly Christian principal. This was influencing stationary engine is not in the mechanism or in every class and was with full sanction of the dethe great fire under the boiler but its usefulness partment of education. An increasing number of is in proportion to the power which is distributed teachers try not only to adapt pupils to the school to all the machinery of the factory. Machinery and its curriculum, but exert an influence on the that requires less concentration of power in the pupils' home situations, yet cannot proclaim their boiler room is considered a greater triumph. The achievements in this direction. A short time ago factory does not exist for the sake of the engine. a principal explained a program she was trying The Church of Christ has a work to do but its to work out to assist a girl in meeting the needs methods are modified through the varied agencies of an over sensitive and exacting mother. In an- which it has inspired. This growing variety of other school, where there were many under- religious activity should be recognized by the pres- privileged children, the principal and teachers ent church leadership. All effective work that were endeavoring to provide proper emotional promotes moral and spiritual life is of religious guides which were lacking in the several homes.

value. In some instances we need to offer the The unselfish abandon with which some of the prayer of Elisha: "Lord I pray thee open his eyes teachers seek to adapt their program to unfor- that he may see. And the Lord opened his (the tunate and backward pupils is an encouragement servant's) eyes, and he saw and behold the moun- to Christian faith. In one school supervisor's tain was full of horses and chariots of fire round room the most prominent trophy was the letter of about EI.isha." a child written by hand on some scratch paper An increasing number of public schools are and fastened to the wall with a pin. A little girl had been declared incapable of making use of changing the emphasis from the academic instruc- school advantages but the supervisor had been tion to cultural education as a means to life de- unwilling to accept the verdict without further velopment, this is not simply a passing gesture; effort. After a careful study of the child's backit is a trend which is gaining momentum. Re- cently a city school system in Massachusetts dis- ground she was readmitted and the best modern carded its reports on curriculum subjects as not methods were used to awaken her dormant powproperly indicating the results of school training. ers. The letter was an indication of the teacher's A large elementary school in Minneapolis has for success and was the girl's expression of appresome time been reporting on character traits ciation.

rather than on efficiency in such subjects as arith- Such incidents are a type of many expressions metic, geography, and languages. In this rather of Christian ideals in an ever increasing variety courageous and significant venture, it is interest- of activities. We have no statistical blanks on ing to note that in the first year class of the asso- which to record such ventures and triumphs.

ciate Junior High there was not one failure Other extra ecclesiastical forces are also exert- among the pupils in this school. ing spiritual influences and are reaching many In the whole educational program, including whom the church does not touch directly. The some extra school activities, emphasis is being put Extension Department of the State College and [361 ]

the School of Religion of North Dakota recently of years are still in vogue. Veterinary science conducted a seminar to study the character build- has advanced and now humane consideration for ing objectives of such organizations as the Scouts, the suffering animals should spread throughout Camp-fire girls, Parent-Teacher Councils and the the farms. We have hope that through farm farm youth clubs. Those sessions revealed not youth clubs a sentiment may develop which will only the increasing variety of approach, but also result both in painless butchery and in painless increasing efficiency in furthering the interests of operations. Unnecessary pain in the case of a the Kingdom of God. In the country districts defenseless animal is as wrong as unnecessary some situations depend for correction on the work pain caused to man. This change in sentiment of 4-H clubs. During the long continued depres- has not been brought about by direct church efsion the disadvantages of the farm industry has fort but it may be furthered through specialized been somewhat over-emphasized, so that the draw- emphasis on the application of Christian prinbacks in the farm life have become, in many ciples to all phases of life. Never before have the homes, the main topic of conversation. Many of practical implications of Christianity been the youth have no consciousness of their advan- brought so near to realization. Talking about tages and opportunities. They are unhappy with behavior has seemed to have little influence on our their lot but see no way out of it. There is now behavior tendencies. We must integrate the presystematic effort on the part of club leaders to cepts of Christianity into the practices of everychange this unfortunate attitude. Local improve- day life. ments are being made; partnership activities are Where does the Christian Church come into the being worked out between parents and boys and picture? We should constructively recognize the girls; young people are being encouraged to make life and work of these specialized agencies. We the best of their situations and to help solve the must encourage and sustain their efforts to unproblems of others. Letters come showing the re- derstand the main objectives of these groups sults of this effort to reestablish hope and family studying the full program and possibilities inhappiness. Outstanding Christian people are now herent in these specialized activities. Wise parengaged in this leadership and are keeping in ents seek to adapt themselves understandingly to mind the spiritual value inherent in all their the ventures of their independent children and work. A new attitude towards animal life will look upon their success as the enlarging of the also develop. It seems strange that with the ad- family interests. Thus church leadership may vance of. science there has been no general at- further the Kingdom of God by a sympathetic and tempt to introduce anresthesia into animal hus- constructive interest in those projects which help bandry. The same cruelties practiced hundreds to carry out God's will for man.

The Influence of Filipino W omen* -'~II By ESPERANZA A. CUYUGAN 11j3E-..- THE movement in favor of woman suffrage distinct advantage over her eastern sisters; at the which started in North America during the same time this carries with it corresponding re- last century, has recently achieved a victory sponsibilities. in the Philippines. Last November the insular legislature finally granted to the Filipino women But though the vote has heretofore been denied the much-coveted franchise. By this law every the woman by her brothers, she considers herself woman in the archipelago, who is 21 years of age as on a plane of equality with him for that has or over, will have the right to vote and hold po- been her tt:.aditional role. Unlike her contemlitical office, beginning January 1, 1935. poraries in the East, she has always occupied an exalted position and in every activity, except in This is the first time that an oriental country politics, she has been on an equal footing with has so honored its women. Not even a nation as men. modern and westernized as Japan has been so progressive. The Filipino woman has gained a With the door of opportunity open, she has entered every field that man used to consider ex- • An address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. clusively his own. She can be found in practically

THE INFLUENCE OF FILIPINO WOMEN

every profession-in medicine, dentistry, nursing, religion. She holds far more than the "balance of law, and teaching. She is invading even such power" in this field, and is, in very truth, the na- "masculine" careers as engineering, surveying, tion's spiritual-as she is its moral-guardian. architecture, agriculture and stock-raising. Dur- This is true in all civilized countries, particularly ing the revolution she stood with men on the in those that have come under the sway of Christ. fields of battle. In teaching she occupies a very predominant position. History shows that woman, more than man, has kept burning the light of religion. Her devotion to its cause is boundless; her sacrifices for it are without number. She it is who constantly kneels at the family altar. Through her natural devotion to things of the spirit she has served as an ever- steadying influence of her mate. The Filipino woman, like her sister in every Christian land, has been the main standby of the Church. To a great extent, she has helped in spreading the Gos- pel throughout the Islands. She has helped to send messengers, and she herself has gone to dark corners of the archipelago bringing the message of salvation. Because of her unselfish, unceasing collaboration, her pagan brothers in many cities and villages, and in the remote mountain fast- nesses, are being won to Christ.

FILIPINO WOMEN AT WORK, HULLING RICE FILIPINO NURSES IN DUMAG'UETE HOSPITAL The home is, however, still the Filipino woman's chief concern. There she reigns supreme. As the holder of the family purse, she is also the budgeteer and business executive of the household. This privilege she jealously guards for herself.

Outside of the home and the professions, she engages in a multitude of other activities-in business, in industry, in the arts. As a civic-minded citizen, she interests herself in everything that contributes to social betterment-in health, sanitation, morals, government and religion.

She makes her influence felt in the community and the nation through such well-known movements as the Women's Clubs, of which there is a national federation, the Young Women's Christian Association, Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, Girl Reserves, Women's Leagues, and various other social, civic and welfare societies.

Her intellectual and cultural contribution to the life of the nation through the schools is, of course, incalculable. No less significant is the part she plays in authorship and journalism. In Manila, the capital city, alone, several important, widelycirculated journals are run exclusively by women. She is an indispensable collaborator in all the outstanding organs of the Filipino press.

But, important as these roles are, more vital and far-reaching still is the function she exercises in

A Japanese Christian

_.1!if I By K. UNOURA, Los Angeles, California I ~.- EVERY achievement in the realm of human the burning desire to share their Christian life progress is the child of an adventure. Some- with these strangers. The truth of this is re- one had dreamed and left others sleeping to emphasized in the history of the Japanese Chrisfollow the gleam. They braved the dangers and tian Institute, in Los Angeles, which was estabprivations; they dared the impossible; and their lished and nurtured by the Disciples of Christ.

deeds are as beacon lights along the trail calling Perhaps the largest Japanese community on the others to follow. Who can read without thrill of Pacific Coast, in fact in the United States, is in the Pilgrim Fathers and their battles against the Los Angeles County, Southern California. It is open seas without the guide of the compass? estimated that there are at least 65,000 in this From that historic day to this busy, bustling, area and that fully 25,000 of this number reside present day of ease and comfort pilgrims have in the city of Los Angeles. In earlier days the been wending their way from every land under Japanese immigrants were almost entirely single the sun to this land of opportunity. Each has young men. They needed Christian home influ- come with his secret ambition, his dream of ence and friendship, as well as spiritual guidance achievement, for all come as adventurers. The and comfort.

Japanese joined the immigrant trail leading to In 1904 Mr. B. F. Coulter, minister of the the United States following 1880 when Chinese Broadway Christian Church of Los Angeles saw labor was restricted by law. a vision and fostered a project, in friendliness, When the first group of the Japanese came to for these homeless young men who were coming America in the year 1870 the Pacific Coast was in larger numbers in those days. Night school still· in its pioneer stage, for California was not classes were organized for the study of English admitted to the Union until 1850. Gold had been and the Bible under the leadership of a returned discovered during 1848 and the famous Gold Rush missionary from Japan. The group soon grew beof 1849 followed. A great westward migration cause of the evangelistic spirit within it and could had started. The gold seekers were not interested not be accommodated within the limited space pro- in the ordinary tasks. So someone must cultivate vided. In 1905 a new center was established, the fields. To meet this need the Japanese were which also served as a home for these young men.

invited to come. In 1907 the Christian Women's Board of Missions Being totally strangers in a strange land, they undertook the responsibility of this ever growing knew little or practically nothing of the language, and worthy enterprise.

customs, or the modes of living. These handicaps On the first Sunday of April, 1908, ten Japanese made them targets for unprincipled people who men organized themselves into a church. The would prey upon newcomers and take advantage need for a Christian home was becoming felt so of their lack of knowledge in things American. strongly that one was established at a new loca- Accordingly, many Japanese were embittered by tion. In the winter of 1909, work had progressed treatment received at the hand of some Americans to the extent that a call was extended to Mr. Teizo in those days. Nor has that method of treatment Kawai, to come from Japan and become the shep- entirely': ceased even to this day. herd of this little flock. Work grew more rapidly We are grateful, however, that all the Ameri- in the few years that followed and eventually the cans were not that way. For good Christian peo- needs also increased, so that in 1911 the property pIe' in many communities recognized in these on Wall Street near the City Produce Market was strangers an opportunity to render Christlike purchased.- service. They have heard Jesus saying, "I was a Three years later a three~story brick building, stranger, and you took me in. Inasmuch as you with a basement, was erected on the Wall Street did it unto one of the least of these . . . you did property by the Christian Women's Board of Mis- it unto me." sions. This building was the Centennial Memorial The story of the Japanese Christian churches of the Christian women of ,this state. In Novem- in America is generally woven around the lives of ber, 1914, hosts of friends gathered to dedicate some consecrated American Christians who had this new Japanese Christian Institute. Suitable [364 ] equipment and facilities were provided for the dergarten reached its peak of 65, clubs and rec- physical, social, educational, and spiritual growth. reational programs were organized for the grow- Many enterprising young men began to· establish ing boys and girls. Due to the rapid Americani- their homes in the immediate neighborhood of the zation of these children, it was often difficult for Institute. Soon it became advisable to organize parents to understand their children and to re- sewing and cooking classes for the newly arrived lieve this situation a Japanese Language School wives of these young men, and a kindergarten was was established in the summer of 1925, which was instituted for little children. Many other features supported by the parents. This is staffed by a of service were added to the program (e. g. dor- group of teachers whose Christian interest and mitory with 17 rooms and 23 beds, cafeteria, cooperation help develop Christian character in barber shop, bath rooms, employment office, li- the children, as well as furthering the graded club brary, game room, gymnasium, and a chapel) work.

which as we look back add a great deal of color These children grew into youth and as the years to the story. passed have accepted more and more of the duties Up to this time the Christian Women's Board and responsibilities of the church. A leader was of Missions had supported the work but in 1919 needed to give full time to the ministry with the this work became a part of the United Christian oncoming generation of young people, and so in Missionary Society as it brought all mission 1930 a graduate of California Christian College, boards under a united management in that year. Mr. Charles Severns, a well-trained young man No exclusion law was in effect and so a normal was employed for this much needed service. By flow of the Japanese immigration had continued his wise advice and direction, in January, 1933, which helped to add new members to the Church. these young people organized themselves into a During this period such noted evangelists as Rev. Young People's Church, with its own official S. Kimura and Paul Kanamori visited Los An- board, and assumed a considerable amount of geles, and stayed at the Institute for a number of financial obligations. It is interesting to note that days, and many men and women were received a graduate of the first kindergarten class who had into the Church. The evangelistic spirit was kept been active in club and church school and is now burning and the church life reached its peak. a promising young business man of the city was One time the membership was more than 300. In chosen as president of this Junior Board. Most 1923, Mr. Kawai was released from the pastorate of its members, church school teachers and club of Los Angeles Church to the rural districts of leaders, have come through the various depart- Southern California, and K. Unoura, the present ments of the church.

pastor, was called from Berkeley. The church and its many activities completely Constantly through the years the staff of work- outgrew its first home on Wall Street. Finally, ers has included "returned" missionaries who for in 1929, it was possible through the efforts of the health or other reasons had found it impossible to Mission Board and the generosity of California remain in Japan. Because of their experience in friends to build an educational building on a new the homeland of these people they have been bet- site at 822 East 20th Street and many aided with ter able to help in the problems of adjustment to its equipment. Plans were then begun for the American life. Mr. H. H. Guy was among the new church which was completed in May, 1931.

pioneers in this work and Mr. B. E. Watson came The women's missionary societies and councils of to work beside Mr. Unoura when he became pas- Missouri by $25,000 of their Golden Jubilee Fund tor. Miss Polly Dye, of missionary parentage, contributed the larger share to which was added who took charge of the kindergarten about this gifts of California friends which made possible a time has made an unusual contribution because of beautiful two-story stucco church building. The her close contract with the homes. The Kinder- Japanese members and friends contributed $2,500 garten Mother's Club has helped to bring many for furnishings. It has an attractive chapel with of the parents into church fellowship. Miss Dye a pipe organ, a social hall, a church parlor with a was also able because of her friends in other fireplace, parlors for mothers and girls, a game churches of the city to help bring about many room and a library, besides a playground in the friendly contacts. Soon after Mr. Unoura became rear, with four lots, extending 160 feet in front pastor the church became self-supporting while and 150 deep, full of light and fresh air.

the Missionary Society continued to support the Weare grateful to those Christian pioneers who educational workers. laid the foundation of this Christian enterprise, This period is characterized as a time of rapid and for the fellowship of many American friends development of the second generation, leading to with their prayers and financial support; we the establishment of the church of the future. covet the fellowship of American churches, so The Sunday school grew from a mere handful to that in the end we may together establish the enrolment of 250 and thoroughly graded, the kin- Kingdom of God on earth. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO PLANS AND POLICIES FOR About a Minute-A reminder of the a common purpose. There should lovely things in life that require result a diffused instead of a PROGRAM MAKERS only a minute to do and yet mean specialized interest confined to so much to those for whom they are well-defined groups. The Rev. Before shaping up your sched- done. ules or yearbooks for the au- Mr. Price writes in substance: tumn opening, glance over our Grandfather's Clock-Song. bargain counter and see if there Telling Time-Brief talk on how time A really active missionary commitis not something you may profitably use. All our offerings are has been told through the ages. tee is versatile and conversant with attested by practical trial in In a Clock Store-Phonograph record. the needs of each department of some department of church ac- Pastime-Charades of proverbs on tivity. church life. They should be capable Time. Once Upon a Time-Missionary story. of directing the educational policy of Spare Time-Impromptu three-minute the whole endeavor. They should rec- talks on "What I would do with 24 ommend books and helps, music, pic- hours of absolutely spare time over and above what other people had." tures, arrange for lectures, mission- For Such a Time as This-Inspira- The Year's Keynote tional address based on story of ary plays, concerts or any other kind Queen Esther, and emphasizing the missionary appeal and the responsi- of meeting for spreading real knowl- bility of Christians today. Is this the time, 0 Church of Christ, edge of the work and needs, inviting Each guest was given an at- the membership to contribute such to sound retreat? . tractive mimeographed program To arm with weapons cheap and blunt appropriately decorated wit h service as they are fitted for. Thus outline drawings of an hour The men and women who have borne glass and a clock tower. the choir might be advised of some good cantata or other special music; the brunt It is noteworthy that the pro- Of truth's fierce strife and nobly held gram on "June Brides" recently the Sunday school teachers have rec- exploited in this department their ground? won the second prize in the same ommended to them a series of lessons contest. Is this the time to halt when all suitable for the various ages and in- The Missionary Committee around and Its Work terests; a missionary library should Horizons lift, new destinies confront, It is surprising how many be formed and popularized; mission pastors are still leaving the mis- Stern duties wait our nation, never sionary plans and interests of study courses and schools of missions their churches to hit-or-miss may be promoted; members can be wont luck, with a "catch as catch can," To play the laggard when God's will hodge podge result without fo- asked to serve as collectors, distribu- cus or integration. Rev. Watcyn was found? M. Price, of Wrexham, Wales, tors of magazines or notices of meet- outlines the needs and duties of ings, actors in missionary pageants No! rather strengthen stakes and the church missionary commit- tee. He says that this commit- and dramas, visitors in homes of the lengthen cords. tee ought to represent every de- shut-ins, etc. Enlarge thy plans and gifts, 0 thou partment of the church's life and activities, inclusive of the Such a committee as this can help elect, Sunday school and the young to create a perfect harmony between people. It should not only coor- And to the kingdom come for such a dinate the several plans and have all the different sections of the church general supervision over them time! but radiate enthusiasm to them and that on behalf of World-Evangel- The earth with all its fulness is the all as they make a drive toward ization. Get the very best people to Lord's; [366 ] act on your committee. . Great things attempt for Him, great things expect. THAT ANNUAL BUSINESS Whose love imperial is, whose power MEETING! sublime. -Lutheran Woman's Work.' Under the title of "Fun and Fellowship Inject Life into the A Blue Ribbon Program Annual Meeting," Church Busi- ness describes the usual attitude In the annual program contest toward annual reports, election conducted by Miss Elizabeth I. of officers, etc., as "a bugbear to Fensom, of the Baptist Litera- be avoided." Even if the dinner ture Bureau, the first prize was device to bring out the people is awarded to the "Co-Workers" of a success, the business meetings the Fourth Church, Minneapolis, remain as dull as ever. The need who submitted "A Meeting on is for an injection of more life Time" that had been preceded into the session. Rev. C. Sumby a bon voyage dinner listed on ner Osgood, of White Plains, N. the program as "Dinner Time." Y., writes: The other items were: One year we had a "Campfire Meet- Keeping Time-Group singing. ing." A preliminary letter was sent Right Now-Business. Watchwords-Devotional.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

to the officers and chairmen asking of forty-two churches (two of them an aid to missionary interest them to use the campfire idea in com- . Negro) representing eight denomipiling their reports. . . . For the natIOns, hold two union functions a among young folks. "Bob the meeting itself, a campfire was easily year, one of a general nature in the Stamper" – himself a "fan"- constructed in the center of the room fall and the other on the annual Day exploits the stamp album as a by concealing red lights under a pile of Prayer. It was decided last fall to key to history by way of memoof wood. We sat around this and have a "World's Fair of Missions" sang, talked and enjoyed the refresh- with booths displaying missionary ar- rial stamps, cancellations of vaments-and held a business meeting rious states and countries with ticles from many lands. Committees almost without knowing it. The main for the several booths were appointed changes in spelling of names as items of the program were: from the different denominatIOns, as- signing fields, as nearly as possible, a clew to the past; to biography Warming Up (songs led by chorister). according to the special denomina- and literature, art and science, The Spell of the Firelight (prayer by tional interests, realizing, of course, as great men in all lines are me- that some denominations are doing morialized; to current events, pastor). work among many peoples. like "A Century of Progress," Ashes from Last Year (minutes from but best of all to missions, as the The exhibits were remarkable for features of foreign nations be- last meeting). their variety and beauty, having been Cord Wood (clerk's report). assembled from the collections of mis- come a call to the heralds of the Back Log (treasurer's report). sionaries and world travelers as well. Great Commission. At the head Seasoned Fuel (the church board). Many articles were of such value that of Boy's department is a jolly Crackling of the Flames (choir re- the city gave special police protection. In addltion to the booths, large charts little cut showing the head of port) . were placed about the room giving Uncle Sam in the midst of faces, Live Coals (the Sunday school). missionary statistics of the various Mongolian, Turkish, Negroid, Smoke (men's club). groups represented. At irregular in- Flame (women's association). tervals throughout the afternoon and Latin-American, etc. An article Kindling (young women's organiza- evening of the exhibition, a musical supplementing this is written by program was presented suitable to Una Roberts Lawrence telling tion) . the different countries and missionary how a devout man of her ac- Fuel Hunter (church visitor). talks given by as many missionaries quaintance, wanting to link up Sparks (Christian Endeavor). as could be procured, refreshments his study of the Bible with the Snappy Little Spa r k I e r s (Boy being served from one special booth, family stamp album as a means these latter being characteristic of of inculcating love for the Book Scouts). the countries. Thus, there were tea of books in his grandchildren, Bundles of Good Wood (committee re- for China, coffee for South America, wrote on each left-hand page a candy stuffed with dates for India, ports) . bread and butter sandwiches for verse of Scripture to fit the Matches (pastor). North America, candied corn for In- Bringing in the New Fuel (election dians, peanuts for the Negroes, cocoa- of officers and new business). Passing Around the Smiles (every- body). Handing Out the Rations (refresh- ments) .

Next year the idea centered around nut for the islands, etc. Small por- stamps on the right, manifesting the U. S. Government. All formality tions only were served as this was a an ingenuity almost incredible. dropped away when we began to think Thus miniature stamp scenes of of ourselves as the U. S. Senate or special food display as part of the ex- hibit-tea in real Chinese canisters, perhaps as the President's Cabinet. whole coffee beans in a South Ameri- mountains are correlated with Our metaphors were a little mixed can bowl, Japanese lilies made from and often not entirely governmental, vari-colored paper napkins, decora- "I will lift up mine eyes unto the but the program was a great success. hills," etc. Numerous stamps The Department of the Treasury tions of artificial cherry blossoms, etc. with cuts of wild animals are Cu!todians of the booths and also never had a better hearing. The De- speakers were, in many cases, in the lined up with "For every beast partment of the Interior appropriately native costumes. ,An item of special interest from a of the field is mine," etc. The closed the meeting with refreshments. flower stamps and their verses Our program included an opening by near-by industrial center was the apa U. S. chaplain (pastor), Bureau of pearance of an Americanization group are almost too beautiful for Permanent Records (minutes), Bu- consisting of children of different nareau of the Census (clerk), Secretary tionalities dressed in the native cos- words, likewise the trees, the of the Treasury, the United Songsters tumes of their parents. birds, the eagles (of which lat- (choir) , Department of Education At nine o'clock all repaired to the ter there was a whole page) and (Sunday school), Secretary of State auditorium where a formal pageant even the automobiles and other (foreign affairs-missionary commit- closed the day. No charge had been tee), Youth Movement (Christian En- made for admission but an offering vehicles, whose balancing verse deavor), Department of Essential was received at the door. An audi- is, "The chariots shall race in the Industries (w 0 men's association), ence or more than 800 people was streets, they shall jostle against Commissioners of Good Works (men's present and at least 150 others had club), Department of Vis ita t ion helped in major or minor degree to one another in the broad ways: (church visitor), Distribution of Con- they shall seem like torches, they make the project a great success. The gressional Report No. 1929 (denomi- Negroes and the Negro music were shall run like lightning." (Nanational handbook), Electoral College taken care of by the colored folk them- hum 2: 4.) Equally ingenious o(eflethcteioInntoefrioofrf.ic*ers), and Department selves, the other musical numbers and is the page of airplanes, whose the parts in the pageant being as- signed among the several denomina- correlate is, "Thou liftest me up An International Missionary tions. to the wind: thou causest me to Project Stamp Collecting as a ride upon it." (Job 30: 22.) Method For a page of Zeppelins there is By MRS. MAUDE FAHS AURAND, this verse: "Who are these that Wheeling, West Virginia Miss Juliette Mather, editor fly as a cloud?" (Isa. 60: 8). Our Interdenominational Mission- of World Comrades, is featuring Ships, w ate r fall s, bridges, ary Federation in this city, consisting a department in her monthly churches, charity stamps, special Negro stamps – all have their • (J/1IU:rch, Business, The Duplex Envelope called "The Stamp Corner" as Co., Richmond, Va. Copyrighted.

counterparts from the Scrip- to each young woman. After a "Ah Fu-A Chinese River Boy" tures. hymn, "Lord Speak to Me," the (50c); "Ah Fu and Me Too" older members get candles and (25c); "The Pilgrim's Party" What a thrill this well-nigh form a circle into which the ($1.50) . universal hobby gives, and how membership chairman leads the fitting it is thus to capitalize a recruits. The president lights KEEPING OUR COLLEGE STUnatural instinct of early youth the candle of the member stand- DENTS MISSIONARY: A young and even mature life in the in- ing next to her and the light is missionary corresponding secreterests of Bible study and the passed on during the repetition tary tells in The Woman's Misspread of Christ's Kingdom of Scripture verses on Light. sionary Friend how her interest throughout the earth! The president next steps into the in her home church and its ob- inner circle, lights candles of jectives was kept alive while she Special Plans for the Young new members, those of the outer was in college. Now and then a Folks circle stepping apart and mak- friendly letter would come from ing room for each recruit as she some missionary-minded woman STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATIONS: receives her light (lights in at home telling the church news room all turned out during this and all about its local activities From W.orld Comrades comes ceremony) .. The president says but adding eye-opening facts that by the lighting of the candle about the Church-at-Iarge, espealso this device for inculcating as a symbol, each one may be- cially in its missionary enterthe principles of Christian stew- come a consecrated member of prises and new endeavors. Not ardship in the youth of various the circle, adding to its luster infrequently an apropos clipping ages. A Stewardship Declama- and receiving radiance in re- from a periodical was inserted. tion Contest, in the course of turn. A closing prayer and a Once the young woman was its pleasing, friendly rivalry, hymn, "Father of Lights," ends asked to be friendly with a for- "teaches tithing to the young this impressive ceremony. eign student on her campus people who study to participate, whom the lady back home knew and through them to the adults MISSIONARY SERVICE FLAGS to be lonely. Again she was told who listen to their practice and FOR YOUNG PEOPLE: This may of a noted missionary speaker presentation." Sunbeam Bands be used as handwork for juniors who was soon to address her stu- (small children) will memorize or even younger children. On a dent body and the hope was exone or the other of two series of special flag, silver and gold stars pressed that she would be sure Scripture verses given in the are pasted and upon these are to hear this speaker. This went magazine. Juniors will select superimposed, one by one, small on in an informal, friendly way one of the talks provided in a pictures of all missionaries all through college; and after leaflet of stewardship talks and whom the children have seen or her graduation the student said give it as a memorized declama- studied about or who have gone it seemed the most natural thing tion. Intermediates are required out from their state, silver be- in the world for her to fit into to select one or the other topic, ing used for those still living. As the missionary life, so that in a "The Lord's Tithe" or "What the a variant from this, children few years she had become the Tithe Can Do" and write a five- may mount and frame cut-out corresponding secretary for one minute essay on it. Young peo- pictures of missionaries and put of the large branches of the ple above that grade are re- them up around the room in work. There is a great art in quired to give an original seven- which meetings are held. keeping missions normal, not minute talk on the stewardship spectacular and occasional. of possessions, based on one of CHINESE RHYMES FOR CHILthe following topics: "The Chris- DREN: This little volume is a THE "COLLEGE ABROAD" MOVEtian's Money Matters" ; "The successor to "Chinese Mother MENT OF THE MET HOD 1ST Frankincense of Giving"; "The Goose Rhymes," by Isaac Taylor CHURCH. A program is being Power of the Tithe"; "Filling Headlam, and gives attractive the Lord's Treasury." Judges- rhymes translated from the Chi- carefully evolved to meet this wise folk not related to any of nese for children from four to need among young people. Youth the contestants-are to be se- twelve years old. Conundrums is in power in the Orient. The lected from outside the church, in rhyme, illustrations on every growing spirit of nationalism recommunity and denomination, page, a delightful oriental air quires native leadership. Young different sets to be provided for and a childish lure make this a college graduates are the only the several age groups. volume every child will enjoy. ones trained to meet the de- (Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00.) mands of the new day dawning THE RECOGNITION OF NEW in the East. The question is not, MEMBERS IN A YOUNG WOMAN'S BOOKS OF INTEREST TO PRI- "Shall the young people lead?" MISSIONARY SOCIETY: This plan MARY AND KINDERGARTEN CHIL- They are leading. The vital quescomes from the United Lutheran DREN: "Children of the Great tions are, "Shall the young hand Church. The chairman of the Spirit" (Indian, price, $1.00); at the helm be Christian?" and, membership committee presents Chinese Children of Woodcut- "What is our responsibility for the new recruits to the president ter's Lane" (S5c); "The Trea- these struggling young patriots and the latter makes a suitable sure Ship Sails East" ($2.00); across the sea?" welcoming speech outlining the objectives and some of the details, then a flower is presented BULLETIN OF The Council of Women, for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I==============================.~ FOR PEACE THE TRIUMPH OF War Will Disappear When the In the Order for Morning GOODWILL People Decide that the Prayer, Daily throughout the Time Has Come! Year there are three collects; The Church School Union of the first of the Day, specially ap- Queens Village, Bellaire, and The Marathon Round Tables pointed; the second, for Peace; Bellerose, New York, presented 1934 have for objective to dethe third, for Grace to live well. The Triumph of Goodwill, a velop and clarify public opinion, Pageant-Drama, by Jennie Cart- to make public opinion function, And the two last collects shall land Callister, in Hollis Masonic and to decide how organized never alter, but daily be said at Temple May 18, commemorating public opinion can protect the Morning Prayer throughout the Goodwill Day. The cooperating world against war. This can be year, as followeth; all kneeling. schools were from two Baptist achieved if men and women in The Second Collect, for Peace churches, one Evangelical Re- each community, large and small agree to try the conference o God, who art the author of formed, one Methodist Episco- method in which by logic and pal, one Congregational and two agreement the best ways to propeace and lover of concord, in Lutheran churches. The pageant ceed are· found. The general knowledge of whom standeth subject for 1934 is "The Evolv- shows by historical scenes the ing Foreign Policy of the United our eternal life, whose service is futility of armed force and preperfect freedom; defend us thy sents the claims of Goodwill as States." Such questions as, Is a method of maintaining peace isolation possible or desirable? humble servants in all assaults among the nations. The histori- Can we have permanent national of our enemies; that we, surely cal episodes are bound together recovery without international trusting in thy defence, may not by well selected music. The play cooperation? Granted that the closes with an effective appeal desire of the government and its fear the power of any adver- for the release of Goodwill, and saries ; through the might of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

"Whose Service Is Perfect the whole assembly "pledging people is for world peace and se- Freedom" prayers and consecrating our- curity, what policies have been selves" to fulfill the mission of in harmony with this objective? Truly, in every age and every securing the triumph of Good- What policies have delayed its clime' and among many peoples will. achievement? By what immesome men experience the truth diate steps could the government of "service that is perfect free- The various episodes were turn our policy toward this obdom" while the many seeking prepared by the church schools. jective? What can individuals freedom by violence against each The occasion was a community and local organizations do to upother find themselves desper- gathering of young and old in hold and strengthen the developately bound. And there is no full participation. The admis- ment of a constructive foreign hope in them! policy? What are you doing in sion fee of twenty-five cents Listen to Rabindranath Ta- your community? gore in "Fruit-Gathering" ex- doubtless covered the five-dollar The Peace Service, "On What press the same truth in other royalty and other expenses. language, yet the same experi- Mrs. Callister, who was present, Peace Depends," prepared by ence caught in poetry: spoke simply of the immediate Mrs. Pierson P. Harris, and need for practicing goodwill in published by the International "What is there but the sky, 0 Sun, our hearts, homes, communities, Relations Committee of the that can hold thine image?" and nation. One of the young Council of Women for Home Missions, Foreign Missions Con- "I dream of thee, but to serve thee, I members of the community had ference Committee on Women's can never hope." The dewdrop prepared a poster on The New Work, and the National Council wept and said, "I am too small to of Federated Church Women, is take thee unto me, great Lord, and Patriotism. Invitation was ex- ready for distribution and use at my life is all fears." a cost of 2c apiece or $1.50 per tended to all present to partici- hundred. They may be ordered "I illumine the limitless sky, yet I can pate in the NO MORE WAR yield myself up to a tiny drop of parade on the following day. from any denominational Head- dew," thus the Sun said, "I shall Further information concerning quarters. become but a sparkle of light and the pageant-play can be secured fill you, and your little life will be from the editor. a laughing orb."

[369 ] COMMUNITY WORLD Thus it is community spirit in- accompanied by the young peo- spired by the thought of actual ple of the church to a picnic site FRIENDSHIP WEEK goodwill that binds a people to- in the country. Games, stunts, Did you ever try a World gether. a steak fry help to get everyone Friendship week in your com- acquainted. Each student is a munity? In 1932, the Religious St. Matthew records t hat guest in a private home. Jesus said, "For where two or Education Committee of the three are gathered together in The Sunday school hears brief Council of Churches of Canan- my name, there am I in the messages from the students and daigua, New York, had such a midst of them." Jesus also said, week. Thus the program ap- "Arise, and be not afraid! If ye each attends one of the classes. know these things, happy are ye The guests participate in the peared as a normal part of the if ye do them." regular Sunday morning church task of religious education. Cooperation with Parent-Teachers' VITAL HOME CONTACTS service for which an internagroups added to the success of FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS tionally known speaker is sethe week. The week's plans in- cured. After Sunday dinner the cluded sermons in all the By far the most permanent students may take short motor churches the first Sunday morn- and transforming contribution rides or hikes. Motion pictures ing on the theme "Religious Edu- to the life of foreign students is are taken, and ten different forcation as a basis of World made in our homes. Formal tea ums are conducted, on as many Friendship." Union Young Peo- parties, luncheons and dinners different countries; these forums· ple's Service with lunch preced- are useful but not very effective are led by the foreign students, ing was held, at which time the in establishing real friendship. and some lively questions and possibility of world peace in the Guest students do appreciate an discussions result. A farewell present generation was dis- invitation to spend a week-end supper in the parish house, with cussed. Over seventy school pu- or a longer period with an brief messages by the foreign pils were in poster contests us- American family. students, closes the day's proing the theme "World Friend- gram. ship and World Peace." There In the suburban churches were special movies such as around New York, Philadelphia, The principal reasons for the "The Broken Lullaby," and for Boston, Chicago, and other met- success of this project are the the children "Around the World ropolitan centers, much enthusi- early and careful local planning in Eighty Minutes." In the his- asm for acquaintance with for- by the Educational Director; tory classes there was study of eign students is being mani- the budget appropriation, allow.- the growth of peace movements fested. A well organized annual ing a small grant to each foreign as in the Kellogg-Briand pact, week-end conference in May has student, covering expenses; and the League of Nations, World been promoted by the initiative careful selection of students by the Committee in New York.

Court. The grade school chil- of the Director of the Educa- Foreign students enjoy this dren dramatized "Good Will the tional Department of Prospect sort of a week-end because they Magician" and similar themes. Presbyterian Church in Maple- are not "being entertained," but Prominent citizens wrote on sub- wood, New Jersey. The Friendly are really contributing much to jects related to World Peace for Relations Committee Am 0 n g a better appreciation of their Foreign Students in New York countries and culture. . the newspapers. In addition, there was a World cooperates in discovering and Why not greatly multiply the Friendship Exhibit held in a va- enlisting ten foreign students, number of projects of this kind? cant store room in the busy part each representing a country. Let the Friendly Relations Comof town. Here a large map of They are welcomed in Maple- mittee, 347 Madison Avenue, the world indicated the peace wood Saturday afternoon and New York, help you.

movements at work (and not the dangerous war areas), flags of all nations, books for teachers on World Friendship, posters by children of other lands, posters on peace and goodwill made by Canandaigua boys and girls.

Transparencies of Dutch and Japanese life also made in the schools were hung in the win- dows.. One's imagination readily supplIes other details essential to the observance of such a week.

As far as is known, "no individ- ualand no organization refused to cooperate in this community project. The whole city was thinking and talking Peace." GUEiSTS ATTENDING O'ON'FEmENCE , MAPLEWOOD, 1933

OF THE PACIFIC confessed to the boy that it was established. With real

through lack of love she had corrected spirit this young man, while In the New Hebrides him so harshly. Needless to say he pursuing his studies, has been was touched by this humility and ac- instrumental in gathering a The Australian Presbyterian knowledged his fault. congregation which is now con- Mission in the New Hebrides re- sidered as an organized church. ports that the government is Important Church in Samoa making further efforts for the -Philippine Presbyterian. welfare of the native popula- For nearly ninety years there tion: has been a Protestant Church Philippine Council in Apia for Europeans. Last (a) In Malekula two British sub- year nine half-castes and one The first report of the Philipjects and a French citizen were fined New Zealander joined this pine Council (founded 1933), for supplying alcohol to natives. church. Rev. H. S. Perkins eleven denominational organiza- writes that in a year of political tions, has just been made public. (b) A British subject, John Steph- unrest, and the deepest depres- It was formed by mission ens, of South Santo, was sentenced by sion in trade, the churches in his boards, realizing the need of the British National Court at Vila to district have maintained their united and continuous study of a year's imprisonment with hard la- reputation for generous giving the needs, progress and opporbor for cruelly ill-treating a young by raising for church purposes tunities of this field. It intends girl worker on his plantation. £200 more than last year. The to review periodically all the total was equal to that of a good work of cooperating boards. (c) Quite recently the people who year in prosperous times. at South Santo the Christmas before The Philippine Council began last were driven from their village This church serves as a bridge functioning April 1, with E. W. and land by a young Frenchman, have between Samoans and Euro- Higdon of Manila as secretary. been authorized to re-occupy their peans. The Council advises the publicaholding without molestation till the tion of a single Christian evan- Land Court may deal with Santo -The Chronicle (L. M. S.) gelistic paper in English. It lands. recommends that lay leadership Largest Evangelical Church be prepared for communities Punishment of a minor nature has in Philippines that cannot support paid Chrisbeen inflicted by the Condominium tian leaders. The several de- Government Courts on some men who With a record of almost con- nominations at home are urged have supplied liquor to natives; but tinuous state of revival for over to see that Filipinos in the in some cases the illegal recruiting of thirty years, the church in United States receive more native women remains unchecked. Guijulngan remains the largest, friendly attention from the There seems to be no place where the and in point of organization, one churches, particularly in areas Government can be said to be fully of the most effective of Presby- on the Pacific coast, Chicago and effective in the control of abuses. terian churches in the Philip- other centers. pines. The two Malahay broth- Papuans Are Learning ers, Silliman students, organized The Council records its atti- meetings in their home in 1903, tude toward Philippine inde- Miss Mary Abel, of the New which, in 1909, resulted in the pendence: Guinea Evangelization Society, formation of a church with 448 writes that in the work among members. The brothers have In the establishment of a govern- 176 boys and girls at Kwato been the only pastors of this ment in which the Filipino people (one of the stations), eleven church, now numbering over should have both legislative and ad- Papuan monitors, all Christian, 2,000. Much of this achieve- ministrative responsibilities we believe are being given increasing re- ment is due to "Mother Mala- that before independence is effected the sponsibility, so that they may be hay," who learned to read her following provisions should be safeable to take charge of the work. Bible at the age of 70. All her guarded, namely, an international Miss Abel says: children are active in Christian agreement neutralizing the whole is- service, either as ministers or as land territory; a reciprocity agree- This is by no means easy. The officers in the church. A grand- ment relative to duties and quotas on Papuan hates to appear different from son, now in Silliman, asked for imports with equal economic advanhis neighbors, and has the natural dis- evangelistic work and was as- tages, thus avoiding an undue influence like of being unpopular. These moni- signed a field about one year ago by a few American producers; a retors have to report anything they fa.r to the south, where no per- ciprocal immigration agreement based think to be wrong, and may have to manent organization had been on quota policy now governing such punish those who do wrong, which relations with other peoples; a plan does not win popularity. One of the [371 ] for protecting the rights of minorities girl monitors who had shown little true in the Islands. love for those under her, one day corrected one of the older school boys for -Christian Advocate. breaking a law, and did it in a manner which caused a hasty retort. The next morning the monitor realized that she had failed her Master, and, though it cost her all her pride, she

NORTH AMERICA ground, among them the Presby- ference held last spring was the terians, with an apparent de- best in years. The North Caro- A Missionary Looks at U. S. crease of 42,456, and the Con- lina, Georgia, and Alabama Con- gregationalist-Christians, with a ferences were interracial in A missionary who returned to loss of 22,213. In some cases character, and the South Caro- America after six years in In- this decrease is due to a clarify- lina Union for the first time cardia, and visited the churches in ing of church rolls by a removal ried through a conference charhis own land writes: "Arriving of inactive names. The Roman acterized by Christian interrain this country two years ago, I Catholic Church is still the larg- cial fellowship. Students were soon became convinced that In- est single denomination in the present from some twenty coldia is in no greater need of country, with a total member- leges and as many as 175 people Christianization than America. ship of 20,324,144, including all were in some of the sessions. There seemed to be no place in baptized children. Among Protthe church where the Spirit of estant denominational groups No effort is made to conceal God could break out. A year in the Baptists lead, with a mem- from students the fact that Teachers' College, New York, bership of 9,866,209; and the boards are not sending out many only increased the sense of ur- Methodists next, with a mem- new missionaries. This situagency. There seemed need for bership of 8,766,017. tion is made a challenge to stua movement, like Indian Na- dents to assume an ever larger tionalism, which would cut deep The report shows a total of share of responsibility for seeinto the life of the church, be 299,518 ministers in the United ing that the Church goes forpurifying in power, and make States, while the number of ward with its God-given mis- Christianity frankly repudiate churches is 242,011. That is, sionary task. There is a steadily the guilt of our day; that would there are 2,493 more churches increasing number of students, bring conviction, repentance and than ministers but many of these with a deep Christian conviction conversion, with a new content. churches are small missions. and a sense of world-wide mis- It would be individual, as it only The report shows conclusively sion, who are determined that could be, but it must be as social that the Church is steadily pro- the future shall be different as redemption, as Christ's Cross. gressing, and is still the nation's from the present. Devoted ministers and laymen greatest going concern. are saying something must be Meeting on Religious Liberty done, but often there is a feeling "Egg-a-Meal" for the Minister of futility. More than ever New conditions in various there is need of Christian awak- Rev. George Dorey, D.D., of lands are restricting religious ening in America." Regina, Saskatchewan, recently freedom especially in regard to visited a church in the "dried teaching the Gospel, including -World Methodist Press. out area" of western Canada, where for four consecutive years preaching and religious educa- Membership Increasing the crops have failed, with every tion, missionary schools and indication for worse failure in property rights. According to The Christian 1934. Dr. Dorey found there is Herald annual report of church still interest in maintaining the Increasing restriction is due statistics, prepared by Dr. church and Sunday school. to nationalism, to a resentment George Linn Kieffer, president or fear of the liberalizing influof the Association of American "One man said they had got a ence of Protestantism, to the ef- Religious Statisticians in 1933, number of farmers to promise fect of a monopolistic religionreligious bodies showed a total an 'Egg-A-Meal' for the min- as Catholicism or Mohammenet gain of 655,482. The total ister's salary. This would mean danism – to active irreligion, of membership in all denomina- nearly two dozen eggs a week and to the monopolistic view of tions reached 60,812,874. The per family to be turned in at the the state and to other causes. proportion of church members store where the minister and his to the total population of the family buy their groceries. In- An advisory group of the In- United States showed a gain quiring about the price of eggs ternational Missionary Council from 46.60% in 1926, and I was told they were ten cents a was called to meet on May 10 48.19% in 1932, to 48.3770 in dozen, with every prospect of under the leadership of Dr. 1933. This seems to refute the being lower." Joseph P. Chamberlain, Profesmagazine articles which en- sor of Law Drafting at Columdeavor to prove that the Church The Volunteer Movement bia University, to discuss these is losing ground. questions and the following per- Interest in the Christian meS– sons reported. Dr. John A. The largest increase was by sage and task, and especially in Mackay on Mexico; Dr. Fred F. the Methodists with a total gain Christian missions, continues to Goodsell on Turkey; Dr. Robert of 213,662. The Baptists were grow in student circles, wher- S. McClenahan on Egypt; Dr. second, with a gain of 193,571. ever the staff of the Student Guy S. Inman on Peru; Dr. P. Other increases were shown by Volunteer Movement secretaries H. J. Lerrigo on Congo; Dr. A. the Lutherans, 65,782, and the have been able to help. Reports L. Warnshuis on China and Miss Roman Catholics, 53,426. Some indicate that the Connecticut Helen Clarkson Miller gave her denominations, apparently lost Valley Student Volunteer Con- observations in the Near East.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian-Jewish Seminar and 1,513 letters were for- mountains. He settled near what warded. Seventeen missing sea- is now Salem, Oregon, and be- Last April in Toronto the first men were located and brought gan his missionary work. His Canadian Seminar on Christian- in contact with their relatives. arrival antedated the coming of Jewish Relations was held. It Free instruction in English was any Protestant party by two was attended by leading Cana- given in classes meeting twice a years, and the planting of the dian laymen and clergymen, week for over five months of the first Catholic Mission by four both Jewish and Christian. The year, and thousands of dollars years.-Christian Advocate. speakers emphasized that only was handled for the sailors. by a genuine desire on the part About $92,000 was handled for LATIN AMERICA of both Jew and Gentile to un- seamen in one way or another. derstand and help each other can The attendance at some 250 serv- Anti-Religious Textbook anti-Semitism in Canada be ices totaled 15,600. checked. Pleas were made for ~he ~ederal. Ministry of Eduthe cessation of antipathy and In San Francisco, three hun- catIon III MexIco (according to the creation of tolerance, sym- dred and forty seamen received The New York Times) has inpathy and active cooperation. Christmas gifts from the mis- troduced a "Manual of Anti- sion. There were 6,652 meals Religious Education" for use as Three round table discussions served and 6,000 loaves of bread an official textbook in primary dealt with "Evidences of Anti- were distributed. At this sta- schools and night schools for Semitism in Canada," "The Edu- tion 6,085 letters and 3,582 par- workers. The book contains cational Problem of the Jews in cels and papers were handled for chapters with such headings as Canada with Emphasis upon sailors. The relatives of eight "Why We Combat Religion" Cultural and Vocation Train- sailors were reunited with their and "The School vs. Religion>' ing," and "Are There Funda- boys. Devotional services are The second portion of the book mental Differences in Moral held twice a week and on Sun- traces the history of religion Emphasis Between Jews and day. They were attended by from the beginnings of Chris: Christians ?" 9,634 persons. This home han- tianity to the present situation dled almost $30,000 for seamen. i~ Soviet Russia, explaining reli- Need for Negro Doctors Both these missions are main- gIOn on a materialistic basis. tained by Norwegian Lutherans. In an 80,000-word report, The book has been placed in made public by the National As- On the "Oregon Trail" all official schools, and an atsociation for the Advancement of tempt is being made to have it Colored People, the Harlem Hos- The "Jason Lee Special" is a required in private school curpital investigating committee as- covered motor wagon which riculums. Mexico City bookselserts that Negro physicians are started from Boston, April 16, to lers, however, refuse to handle ineligible to membership in the follow the trail of Jason Lee it, or even place it on display. American Medical Association in from Boston to Salem, Oregon. one-third of the States. The re- Lee was sent out in 1834 by the Progress Step by Step port stresses the "need for an in- Methodist Missionary Society as crease in the number of well- the first missionary of any In the face of difficulty and qualified Negro physicians," and church to the American Indians determined opposition, definite calls upon American universities in that territory, and remained progress is reported by the to "widen the existing oppor- to found a white civilization in Episcopal Suffragan of Mexico. tunity for ambitious and well- the Pacific Northwest. One hun- Here are a few instances: qualified Negro students to enter dred years ago he traveled with medical schools." The commit- the outfit of Captain N. J. A new and well furnished parish tee points out that there are only Wyeth, a fur trader from Bos- hall for the Church of San Pedro 0!l~-fourth as many Negro phy- ton. The "covered wagon" of Martir now serves as a social center . SICIans as there should be in the the emigrant had not then come in that village. G<lvernment decree country, and only two medical into use. Wyeth's company has allowed the Bishop the use of an schools for Negro students, traveled on horseback, carrying old church in San Sebastianito. which Howard and Meharry, both of little provision with them and is undergoing repairs and will be in which "fall behind other Grade depending for food upon their use soon. Use of an abandoned meet- A schools in equipment and per- rifles. Deer, prairie fowl and ing-house in the village of Ayapango sonnel." buffalo by the million then was secured from the Methodist au- abounded in the Indian country. thQ~ties, f?r a small group of COllb- -The World Tomorrow. Lee conducted in southern Idaho mumcants In need of a church; their the first formal Protestant reli- children were growing up with no re- Seamen's Missions gious service in the vast interior ligious training. Government permis- lying west of the Rocky Moun- sion for the repair and use of the The Seamen's Mission of tains. He also drove the first building was expected soon. The new Seattle reports some interesting cattle over the Rockies. Two Calvary Church in the village of Los facts: the reading room was years later Marcus Whitman Reyes-Golox was consecrated befQre a visited by 170,000 men. Letters took the first wagon over the gathering of four hundred people. and packages received reached The Church of the Incarnation, Amea total of 16,466 separate items cameca, which was in ruinous condi- tion, has been repaired. In Zoquipan the government has granted the use of a former Roman church. This was only a temporary building and was in deplorable condition but it responded

to careful treatment and is now a society. The working people are over to a large meeting-room, decent and dignified place of worship. insistent upon what they deem while in the bow are the living In each of these places church their rights, and their clamor is quarters of the evangelist and members have given material intensified by the extravagance his wife. Usually the boat ties and labor with enthusiastic sac- of the old aristocratic families. up at a riverside town for a rifice. Young people's interest in week or more at a time. Regu- Puerto Rico's Problems Christianity is awake, and con- lar meetings are held on the ferences are productive of lead- boat which draw many people ership among youth. A large The situation in Puerto Rico by their novelty. On a recent is made up of a variety of criti- conference for young people is Sunday 80 people attended the cal problems, such as poverty, planned for Santiago, Chile, this service on one boat, and of these year. At San Fernando in the about two-thirds were unconoverpopulation, disaster and dis- south, the Mission Gospel Bus verted seekers. Bible study ease following the hurricanes, meetings are held in the middle and a political crisis where all has had the voluntary assistance of the week, and Testaments are factions are at each others' of young people constantly at sold to new converts. throats. Protestant Christian- meetings in outlying districts. ity also faces a crisis. There This Gospel Bus traveled over A large part of the evangelseems no way of protecting the 5,000 miles through the country ist's work is done outside of reg- during the year. ular meetings. He has opportuisland from a whirlpool of con- tradictory creeds. New sects Through Bahia with the Bible nity each day of making new continue to arrive on every boat, contacts. Sailors and idlers of each teaching that all the rest Mr. F. C. Glass, with two Bra- every sort are encountered on are doomed. Black and white zilian companions, made a Bible the wharves, and even while the magic have also taken possession campaign trip a few months ago boat is under way, the evangelof some of the churches. One through Bahia, a central state of ist has a chance to distribute of the missionaries reports that Brazil as large as Spain and tracts to lock-keepers and to in a church he visited Voodoo- Portugal, and with a population sailors on other boats met in the ism had cast a black cloud over of 4,000,000, largely Catholic course of their travels. a group of women. In another but only so in name. Over difchurch an elderly woman teach- ficult roads and through many Religious Minorities er of a Bible class among the difficulties, such as being mis- In The Presbyterian Advance Jebaros uses a Bible by rubbing taken for bandits, league after Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, President league of this state was crossed of Princeton Theological Semiit over her body when she is sick. and recrossed, and everywhere nary, pictures the need of the The result of such conditions is the Bible was gladly received. several scores of religious mithat the intellectual class is not norities in Europe. The Magyar in the church, although many Without fear, the people read the Scriptures at street corners, Reformed congregations in Ruare disciples of Jesus Christ. or in their own doorways. Some mania, Jugoslavia and Czecho- -Christian Advocate.

The Gospel in Chile three thousand miles were trav- slovakia; the Lutheran and Re- ersed, and about six hundred formed villages in Austria, in The Presbyterian Board (U. Bibles and Testaments, and western Poland; the Protestants S. A.) reports that its southern- three thousand Gospels were .of Greece – both Presbyterian most work in South America is sold, and many given away. and Congregational – and a located in Chile on the Pacific One feature of the journey number of others have fre- side of the Andes. The work was the twenty lantern lectures, quently been in the direst straits .centers, as does the life of Chile, given often in the open-air, and during the past two decades.

in Santiago. Within its borders sometimes on the white walls of Many are living close to the sub- live nearly 700,000 people, one- Roman Catholic churches, with sistence level. It is difficult to seventh of the total population of the full approval of the inhabi- choose the strategic points to the country. The swarming tants. At other places the best which aid should be brought.

mass of the under privileged and halls of the town were freely Heart-rending cries for help come illiterate who migrate to the city placed at the disposal of the from Christians·in all parts of Soviet constitute one of Chile's major evangelists. Russia and, paradoxically enough, a sociological problems. EUROPE large part of these appeals come from McAll Mission Gospel Boats While there has been much un- the eastern Ukraine, one of the most rest, Chile has fared better than most of South America during fertile areas of the whole vast coun- try. The seizure of breadstuffs for feeding the urban populations has left the farmers with hardly enough to the troublous days of 1933. Per- An effective means of preach- keep body and soul together. Without haps the worst aftermath of the ing the Gospel is conducted in semblance of trial or any kind of leP.'al crisis of last year has been the France by the McAll Mission procedure, men and women are outbreak of hate and irreligion through its two canalboats, ply- snatched away from their families, to be held in prison, often for several in protest against the callous- ing the rivers that converge in ness of the professing Chris- the neighborhood of Paris. The days without food or blankets, sometians who constitute the bulk of interior of each boat is given times to be as suddenly released, but often to be deported to the penal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

settlements, or simply to disappear Reichsbishop. The constitutions contributing to the support of without further news ever being re- of the various synods have been the work, and then .go out into ceived of or from them. When an abolished by decree of the the world to take up their work explanation is given at all, it is usu- Reichsbishop. The actions of in the designated mission field.

ally: "Guilty of religious propaganda." Yet religion is not stamped out. Every- the Pastors' Emergency Federa- Twenty-one sons and daughters thing that is done for these people is helping to sustain and further one of tion and the Pastors' Fraternity of Denmark are at work in the the most interesting post-Reforma- in the Rhineland having been foreign field today. tional religious movements in Europe. evidence of determined resist- -Moravian Missions.

Moreover, the location of these active ance to the racializing and coand fervent evangelical groups so near the frontier of atheist Russia may at ercing of the Church, means AFRICA some future time make them a factor were taken to break up these Changed Sentiment in Egypt to be reckoned with when the day of organizations. The secret police the "Glorious Return" dawns for Rus- provided the needed evidence of The v i 0 len t anti-Christian sian Christianity. "disloyalty" on the part of lead- disturbances by Egyptian Mos- lem leaders has not only sub- Oncken Centenary ers of these groups. sided, but the aftermath seems The selection of those students to be a more widespread and An important centenary of deepened interest in the Christhis year was on April 22 and who are to be permitted to study tian message. Mr. J. E. Kin- 23. One hundred years ago for the ministry is announced near, of the Nile Mission Press, Johann Oncken and six compan- to have been placed in the hands cites a case as evidence of a ions were baptized, and formed of the leaders of "Hitler Youth." marked change in attitude. the first Baptist church at Ham- If this is true, it represents the burg, Germany. This movement most sinister development yet in In October a Moslem parent brought extended its influence over most the tragic misfortunes of the his boy to a Christian mission in Cairo of Europe, and even to the other to have him enrolled. The principal German churches. -Federal Council Bulletin.

continents. Millions of converts, Denmark a Missionary Land of the school, interviewing him, carelives radically changed, the New fully pointed out that Christian wor- Testament message carried over- Denmark has less than fifteen ship and Christian instruction held a seas by thousands of emigrants, thousand square miles of terri- central place in the life of the school. foreign mission enterprises ini- tory, and about two and a half "Oh, yes, I am quite aware of that, millions in population. It has and I don't mind at all," was the surtiated and sustained in Asia, only one Moravian congregation, prising reply. "I want to enroll him Africa and South America are in this school of yours, and you can make a Christian of him if you like. among the fruits of the European Baptist movement, which namely, that of Christiansfeld in In fact, I don't mind if you use force may fairly be dated from the Nord Schleswig. This congrega- to do it!" baptism of Oncken. He, him- tion numbers about 215 commuself, is an important figure in nicants, and a total membership Another educated M 0 s I e m church history, and Hamburg of less than 300; a tiny church wrote a long letter for the Cairo press, from which are the folcounts him among its famous in a little land. In addition is lowing extracts: "We wonder citizens. Oncken, when asked the Diaspora center at Freder- why the missionaries are athow many missionaries he' had ica, in Denmark proper. But tacked now after they have been in Germany, replied, "Seven these two centers are dynamic in the country for about a cen- with missionary zeal. All over tury, since their motives, their thousand." "You misunderstood the question; that is the num- the land are organizations for work and message remain the the dissemination of missionary same. . . . We hold, with the ber of your members, but we knowledge and the gathering of missionaries, that conversion to want to know how many missionaries." "Seven thousand," funds. Nor does the work stop' Christianity is not a mere transhe rejoined. "Among us in Ger- here. The Societies seek re- fer of a person from one reli- cruits among the young people gious denomination to another; many every member is a missionary." for volunteer work. The little it is a complete spiritual change, Danish m 0 nth I y missionary including his feelings, deeds and German Protestants magazine consequently publishes sayings, and his mode of think- from time to time the names and ing, prompted by spiritual mo- News from Germany indicates pictures of these recruits, and, tives.

a considerable measure of defeat almost invariably, there is like- "Invaluable service has been of the forces in the Protestant wise a written word from the re- rendered to Egypt and the Near Church devoted to the historic, cruit, telling of his experience in East by missionaries; the first universal and evangelical Chris- spiritual things, his home life, voice raised against immorality tian faith. Propaganda, threats, his upbringing, his fin din g and prostitution and in favor of ruthless force and the breaking Christ, and his call to mission the liberation of slaves was the of promises have characterized service through the Lord's lead- voice of missionaries. Attention the battle against the brave pas- ing and under the direction of was first drawn by missionaries tors who have dared to put alle- the Church. These young re- to the danger of intoxication and giance to Christ ahead of obedi- cruits visit various sections of drug-taking. It was the missionence to Chancellor Hitler and the the country, meet those who are ary who first made a good and

exact translation of the Bible Rebuffs were few and large a fact that the English High into Arabic. It was they who congregations assembled, some Church society (S. P. G.) withestablished schools, institutions, even climbing trees in their ea- drew, the remaining six have hospitals, printing presses and gerness to hear. At the close of faithfully continued the work, service a printed summary of under the direction of a commitorphanages in our midst." -Moody Monthly. the sermon was given out. tee, which has a seat in the capi- In this area, lapsed Christians tal Tananarive, and in which all In Kano After Forty Years number in the tens of thousands, are represented. It was agreed at the outset that each mission Kano, walled capital of Hausa- with still other thousands of should have its well defined heathen at the very door of the sphere of work and should obliland, is a city where Orient and church. It is impossible to claim gate itself not to start congrega- Occident meet. Politically and much more than that a church tions outside of it. commercially important, it has has been planted, and the great grown from one city to seven, need is for just such follow-up The conference has since then work as these students are doing. met in 1920 (in connection with including the original Hausa the centennial celebration of the metropolis, the ghetto, the Syr- -C. M. S. Gleaner. beginning of Protestant misian quarter, the European trad- sions in Madagascar) in 1926 Model Village at Kikongo and again in August 1933. The ing area and various other sec- tions.

For the Sudan Interior Mis- A beginning has been made on head of the Paris Mission, Monsion the special interest in Kano a model village project at Ki- dain, was elected president of lies in the fact that it was the kongo. A village has been staked the conference and the head of prime objective of three pioneer out, and each family assigned a the Norwegian Mission as vice- missionaries in 1893, two of certain plot. A plan for the president. The reports made at whom laid down their lives in measurement and staking out of the conference gave a living im- the effort to reach it with the the houses has been furnished pression of the important posi- Gospel. To occupy it for Christ the village, and each house is tion held by the Protestant mishas been a hope of the Mission built after that plan. A broad ever since. After forty years of street lined with citronella grass sion and church in Madagascar; but it was also strongly emphawaiting, of prayer and effort, at runs through the center of this sized, that large areas of the last the mission is granted a site model village which has its own island are still without the inupon which it may establish it- school and church, temporarily self in this city which is the key meeting on the veranda of the fluence of the Gospel. Among the subjects discussed to the whole interior region. The chief's spacious house. The na- at the conference were; "Inwork is being initiated by Wil- tives are entering very enthusi- creased Cooperation," "T h e liam H. Hockman. astically into the plan. In addi- -Moody Monthly. tion, the agriculturist is now Protestant Faith," "The Duty of the Church Toward the Young," able to put his ideas into prac- "Protestant Literature." An im- Students Practice Evangelism tice, and each student spends a portant result of the meeting was part of the day in gardening. An evangelistic campaign un- a resolution that the two hymn Married students have their own books, one Reformed and one der the direction of students has plots to cultivate. Classes are Lutheran, should be merged into come to be recognized as a nor- held twice a week in practical a common hymn book for all the mal part of college training in agriculture. Protestant churches in Madagasmission schools. One such mis- -Congo Mission News. car. sion conducted by students of WE,STERN ASIA Bishop Tucker Memorial Col- Cooperation in Madagascar lege, at Mukono, is worthy of Commmunism and Veiled mention. Three groups worked The following interesting in- Women at three centers, five, eight and formation in Dansk Missions- Uzbekistan is an area of the sixteen miles from Mukono. The blad:- .

objective was to arouse Chris- In Madagascar, where the Soviet Union which was once tians to their responsibility as Norwegian Mission Society has Mohammedan. Since the Bolchurch members. On the Sun- a large mission field, with over shevist domination, women have day preceding the mission, the 100,000 Christians, there are also been emancipated from wearing leader of each party went to his six other Protestant mission so- a veil, but according to a report allotted village to be introduced. cieties at work, namely two Nor- from Moscow there has been a Wednesday, he conducted a spe- wegian-American m iss ion s, sharp clash over this time-honcial prayer meeting. Saturday three English, (L. M. S., S. P. ore d Mohammedan custom. was given up to visiting. Printed G., and F. F. M. A.), and the Eight members of the Communletters of welcome to the Sunday French Protestant Missionary ist party have been expelled for services were distributed from Society, (M. P. F.). compelling their wives to don house to house an evidence of In 1913 these seven societies veils, while a ninth escaped with the extent to which education held a conference which led to a reprimand when he allowed his fruitful cooperation. While it is wife to unveil her face. has become general.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In the ten years since the rule safe to wander at will. Two of the today than it did in the Roman against veiling came into effect, Empire during the first three a large number of women who most Christian things I saw in the centuries." cast aside their heavy horsehair city are, first the work of Sister Nelly, veils have been murdered by The field of the Andhra Christheir husbands; but fully 175,- the Swiss nurse at the government tian Council covers the areas of 000 women in Uzbekistan have hospital, who goes about her work like South India, where Telugu is the discarded the veil. Thousands predominant language. Out of a cast their veils on bonfires at the a saint of God in the midst of tre- population of 25,089,775, the annual women's day celebration Christians now number 819,699. on March 8. -N. Y. Times. . mendous difficulties, and who shows Deducting 85,760 Roman Cath- Christ in her life and face; and olics, the Christian population, Ibn Saud a Shrewd King sec~md,. the little Legation dispensary with whose welfare the Council WhICh IS open to all comers and where is concerned, numbers 760,963, Mrs. Dame, a missionary of the patients are treated free by the scattered over 11,055 towns and the Reformed Church in Amer- villages. The Madras Presidency ica, visited Riadh, seat of the Legation doctor, for no apparent rea- census report for 1931 shows court of Ibn Saud, in Central that while the general popula- Arabia. In a recent issue of the son except that we are a Christian tion had increased by eleven per New York Times she gave im- nation, and cannot go anywhere with- cent during the preceding years, pressions of the Arab chieftain. the Christian population during out imitating the Good Physician. the same period had increased King Ibn Saud would command at- by fifty-two per cent, as far as tention in any company. He is simple, Wernet a very influential man, the Telugu language area is cond~rect, unaffected and undoubtedly whose son came to our hospital last cerned. SIncere. At the same time he is shrewd, diplomatic and opinionated. year and said that he had had a vision There are twenty-one mis- He seems to have a firm hold on the of Christ calling him to follow Him. sions, churches and institutions affections of his people. His diplo- in the Madras section and nine macy is well known. He told us that he could only do this in the Nizam's Dominions, rep- on condition we wrote a letter to the resented on the Council. To keep several wives and concubines, as well as a dozen or more of Governor of the North-West Frontier -Watchman-Examiner. sisters and daughters of various ages and dispositions all on good terms Province asking that he be given a Village Improvement with himself and with each other pre- gaoogdoohdo-ulosoekiinngPeEsuhraowpaerancawntiofen,mseonmts~ sents no mean problem in the diplo- money, a motor car, Eurpean clothes, A Marathi daily newspaper of matic line. I believe it is his boast and especially a solar topi. He was Poona has recently paid tribute that he has had 153 wives, and of the to the notable work being done 150 who have been divorced not one told the story ohfethweenritchawyaoyunsgormroawn~ for village uplift by an Indian went away angry at him. and, like him, Christian leader, Mr. D. S. Mo- ful. dak. The occasion of this press A Visit to Kabul notice was a Rural Uplift Show INDIA at Saswad, 19 miles Southeast Dr. R. J. H. Cox, of Peshawar of Poona, on March 27. Three was invited last year to accom- Infant Mortality miles from here is the village of pany the English chaplain on a Pimpla, where improvements visit to Kabul, and gives an ac- Infant mortality in India is have been made on such ideal count of the visit in The Church the highest in all the civilized lines that the village has become Missionary Gleaner. No Eng- countries of the world. In Euro- a model for all others. "If the lish chaplain had gone there pe~n countries out of every 1,000 example thus set were followed since the second Afghan war, chIldren born, 930 or 950 live to the reformation of India would and it was exactly 101 years reach the age of twelve months, be accomplished," commented since a Christian Jew had gone whereas in India the number of the Poona newspaper. as a traveler-missionary to Ka- deaths per 1,000 during the bul. But it was not as a mis- same period varies from 350 to The population of Pimpla is sionary that Dr. Cox was al- 600 … The present state of af- 913, out of which 57 boys are atlowed to go. Promises were ex- fairs is not a reproach to Indian tending the new school, built on acted that no preaching would mothers themselves, the cause spacious, well ventilated lines at take place, aside from Sunday being such as poverty, lack of a cost of Rs. 12,000. The streets services in the Legation, and proper care of the pregnant and of the village were in a terrible even then agents of the Afghan nursing mothers, lack of a first condition, but all have been Government were sent to the class midwifery service, un- thoroughly repaired, gutters be- Legation, to satisfy themselves skilled midwifery by country ing dug on each side. Dirt and that no propaganda was being Dais, venereal diseases, indus- dust have been removed, the vilcarried out. trial employment of women, lack lage has been cleared up, and a of pure milk supply, and insani- small dispensary has been pro- Dr. Cox writes: tary and overcrowded dwellings. vided for the supply of free medicine. The Committee has We spent a very interesting four -Dnyanodaya. days at the Legation. We visited the city, walking about freely with no Andhra Christian Council escort. Anywhere in the country it is "We are witnessing today a movement toward Christianity, greater in intensity and extent than the Church has known since the Gospel first reached the shores of India," says Rev. F. L. Marler, Literature Secretary of the Andhra Christian Council. "If numbers may be regarded as an indication of progress, Chris- tianity is advancing with greater strides in the Andhra country

opened a library where daily pa- Quarter Oentury of Progress which such child is on the throne pers, magazines and a ~ew books in Lhassa is always dangerous on agricultural and sa~Itary sub- Chiengmai Leper Asylum has because it leads to great controj ects are kept. The vIllagers of just passed its twenty-fifth year. versies as to who shall rule in its Pimpla are interested in phys- Anniversary celebrations ~ere place. There is also the danger ical development, and have built held in January, when foreIgn- of inroads from other powers, a gymnasiu~ where yo~mg men ers, officials, leading merchants, since Tibet has always been depractice dally athletIcs and church members, students, all sired as a sphere of influence, wrestling. Another feature very who could make the trip to the both by England and by Russia. creditable to the villagers is that island, were invited. The growth they have a scheme for procur- -Neue Allgemeine Missionsing drinkable water from the of the institution has been zeitschrift. springs close by. The most re- steady, although its early years markable thing about this rural OHINA uplift work is the spontaneous were full of discouragement. It and voluntary work done by the was five years before there were Protestant Missions in Ohina villagers themselves, without sufficient funds on hand for the much outside aid. erection of permanent bqildings, Among the 450 million Chi- and many more years passed be- nese there are only 450,000 -Dnyanodaya. fore adequate support was as- Protestant Christian Chinese, sured. Nothing had ever been conservatively estimated. Five Ingathering of Pwo Karens thousand seven hundred and fif- done for lepers in Siam prior to ty-three Protestant m iss ion Charles L. Conrad, of the the founding of the Chiengmai workers are scattered in 601 American Baptist Mission in institution, and public senti- mission stations in the whole Burma, in refuting the odium ment at times was openly hostile. country. In all China there are which some have attached to the only 6,000 church~s a~d chap~ls. "mass movement" of the past Local self-government was es- In the 1,608 distrIcts mto WhICh three years, describes it as .no tablished many years ago and the country is divided, there ftre more than a normal expanSIOn this basic principle has been ex- 293 with 146,500 villages entIreof the present seventy-four tended to practically every de- ly without any mission work; in churches. These converts are not partment of asylum life. Work 206 other districts with 103,000 "outcastes," but are the same is now accepted by every person villages there is very nearly no type as those already in the as a part of his requiremen~. mission work. churches. They are not ignorant, This was not true at first, and It was only after self-government -Neue Allegemeine Missions- had been in use many years that zeitschrift. it was finally accepted by all. At the present time the force of but are able to read Burmese or workers consist of three full Ohristian Witnessing Karen. Neither have they been time men and the part time servimmoral in their living. They ices of a medical man. All other A result of faithful Christian have clear, radiant faces; strong work is taken care of by pa- witnessing is given by the Chibodies and clean minds. They nese Recorder, in an account of are neither "rice Christians" nor tients. Christian growth in Shansi political followers,. but ~re the The spiritual growth is going Province.

forward. The asylum church fruits of years of mtensIve, co- pays the entire sal.ary .of .an A Christian girl was the sole witoperative effort. The Pwo Karen evangelist to an outSIde dIstrIct, Gospel Team, girls and boys, and makes frequent gifts to all ness in a government school. A have been actively engaged; and kinds of Christian work. teacher was interested and at~nded the large ingathering has been partly due to their interest and -Siam Outlook. meetings at the church. As m the effort. For several years past, house of Cornelius, while she listened the Pwos have been praying that The Dalai Lama ten thousand new memb~rs the Holy Ghost fell upon her and a On Dec. 7, 1933, the head of all Buddhists, the Dalai Lama miracle of transformation was ef- fsehcetewd~' ssotoenllionugt of awwhoant deChrirnig~the~aardt of come to mean to her. The PrI~cIp~1 of the school, said to be commum~t m should be added to their churches tendency, then attended the meetmgs, in ten years. A year ago 800 baptisms were reported; this year died in Lhassa, the capital of and within several weeks wrote a Tibet at the age of 57 years. letter full of praise to God for His there have been a thousand, wonderful salvation. Meanwhile, a The priest next in rank, the former student of the junior teacher while in one section there are Panchen Lama, fled from Tibet in quite a different district, also from five hundred more waiting for workers to come and baptize years ago and is now living in a heathen home, found the Way and them. Some Burmans are com- Mongolia. The successor of the is progressing in her knowledge ?f Dalai Lama is a child that was God. These are all burdened tor theIr born in the same hour in which former school fellows and frIends, as well as the scholars under their ing into the churches with the the Dalai Lama died, since it is charge. Pwos, because they feel that this believed that the latter's soul group will stand by them as they immediately enters another Result of Oharitable Effort take the ·step out from Buddhism. body, in order to be.among ~u­ The National Flood Relief -Burma News. man beings. The tIme durmg Commission has just issued a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

voluminous report for the year Church of Canada, the Methodist anese end of the island, and are 1931-32. It administered nearly Episcopal Church and the Meth- employed in the lumber indus- $70,000,000 silver. Ten million odist Episcopal Church, South. tries in the rapidly growing people were relieved. Private cities on the east and west coasts. contributions totaled more than -Wesleyan Christian Advo- $7,500,000. A great variety of cate. Not far from the northern work was done. The total result boundary line the two Bible Sois larger than that attained by Peasant Gospel Schools ciety workers discovered a Koany other charitable effort in rean Christian who used to be a China's history. A recent experiment in Na- colporteur in the Korean work, gano City, partly a copy of what formerly carried on by the So- A Many-Sided Program Kagawa has been doing for sev- ciety. This old man, cut off from eral years, is called the "Peas- all church connections, had gath- Rev. John Hayes, of Peking, a ant's Gospel SchooL" Twenty- ered about him about a half dozmember of the Presbyterian five picked young men and wom- en believers, who were letting China Council, says that the en, from at least fifteen different their light shine in the darkness Kashing tent program conducted scattered villages, assembled for about them. is the most complete program he a course of ten days' intensive knows of in China. The tent is training. About one-third of The two representatives of the a rural center. Farmers who these young people, nearly all of Bible Society held meetings for come early to the market place whom had been reached by three days in their village, and hear the message; great num- means of newspaper evangelism, eighteen decisions for Christ bers also attend night services. were Christians. were made. It was afterwards Many have become inquirers, reported that this retired coland after instruction develop in- The purposes in holding such porteur now has a Sunday school to staunch Christians. The a school were: which has an attendance of Christian Chinese farmer is the thirty children. -Forward. salt of the Chinese earth, the (1) To strengthen the Christian bulwark of Chinese democracy, faith and practice of those already Opium Problem Grows and the chief hope of Chinese Christian, and to make them: realize society of the present day. more fully the implications of their For the Japanese in Man- religion in their everyday life. (2) To churia, opium is a vast business Again, the tent is a place bring before the non-Christian stu- enterprise. Mr. U. Kikuchi, secwhere womanhood is elevated. dents a vision of a dynamic Christian- retary of the Association for the One of the brightest hours of ity, which, unlike Buddhism, enters Prevention of Opium Evils jn the day is from two to three in into daily moral, social and economic Japan, says that "no less than 75 the afternoon, when missionary life. (3) To give all the students in- per cent of the Japanese nationladies with trained Chinese Bible tensive training along such lines as als residing in South Manchuria women meet the hundreds of would help them to lead in the recon- prior to the 1931 outbreak were women who come with their chil- struction of their own villages along directly or indirectly connected dren to hear about the Saviour. positive Christian lines. with drug traffic." The produc- It is also kindergarten, primary tion, manufacture and sale of school and Sunday school all As to results, many non-Chris- narcotic drugs has been incorcombined. One of the most valu- tians felt the challenge of Chris- porated into a gigantic national able fruits of the children's work tianity, which, unlike any re- industry, whose output rose is the organization of Sunday ligions they had known, had a from 2,498 kilograms in the year schools meeting in the church definite relation to daily farm 1911 to 35,530 kilograms in 1928 every Sabbath, where the chil- life. Two of the young men, on in Kwantung alone, though that dren are taught more regularly returning to their own village, province is but a fraction of and intensively. It is also a started a weekly Sunday school. Manchuria. The number of lihaven of peace for troubled Others, on returning home, ar- censed opium smokers increased hearts.-Presbyterian Survey. ranged for Christian specialists from 2,799 in 1919 to a total of on rural reconstruction to speak 30,858 in 1929; and the gross JAPAN -CHOSEN in their own villages. Others revenue which Japan reaped are trying in a small way to from her opium monopoly in this Laymen to the Rescue bring to pass in their villages one province leaped from 1,724,- some of the ideal presented at 844 yen in 1922 to 2,686,262 yen An encouraging feature of the the school. in 1929. A factory in Port Arpresent work in Japan is the fact thur is said to have an annual that laymen in the Japan Meth- -United Church Record. output of 70,000 lbs. odist Church are this year raising Yen 25,000.00 to meet the Letting Their Light Shine -The Christian Century. deficit caused by the reduction in appropriations, made by the Last July a worker of the Brit- 50 Years of Me.thodism three missions cooperating with ish and Foreign Bible Society the Japan church-the United and a native pastor in Hokkaido, Sunday, June 24, marked the Japan, visited Saghalin, the fiftieth anniversary of the arriv- southern half of which is the al of the first Methodist mis- farthest north territory of Ja- pan. The northern half belongs to Russia. They had heard that many Koreans live in the Jap-

sionaries in Korea. In March, It is too soon to have knowl- not give their moral support to 1884, Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. edge of later results, and much war as a method of settling in- Maclay, pioneer Methodist mis- further research is necessary. ternational disputes. . . . The sionaries in Japan, were request- vast majority of the people of ed by the Board of Foreign Mis- -Without the Camp. the world desire to live in peace sions to investigate the mission with one another. Let them say prospects in Korea. They landed Y. W. C. A. Membership so, and say so in such a way that at Chemulpo, June 24, and, their witnesses will be heard in through the good offices of the Personal allegiance to Christ the chancellories of the nations." Hon. Kim Ok Kyun, obtained is the keynote of the new alterpermission from the Emperor to nate basis of membership in the -The Pre s b y t e ria n Addo educational and medical work. National Young Women's Chris- vance. They selected a place near the tian Association, according to United States Legation for mis- formal action taken at its thir- Giving and Receiving sionary residences and Doctor teenth biennial convention, meet- Maclay was appointed first su- ing in Philadelphia in May. On In Home Missions Today and perintendent of the Korea Mis- the old. basis of membership a Tomorrow: A Review and Foresion, in March, 1885. The Rev. girl had to be a member of the cast, published by the Home Misand Mrs. Henry G. Appenzeller church beforel she could be a sions Council, is the following arrived on April 5th and a member of the Association; un- comment on mission churches: month later Dr. and Mrs. Wil- der this newly adopted alternate liam B. Scranton, and Dr. Scran- basis she can become a member In the past we have frequently ton's mother. of the Association first. Any erred in the direction of an ex- local Association that wishes to cessive paternalism in mission The celebration in Korea will remain on the Evangelical work. Too much has been dQne extend from June 24 to April church membership basis can do for people. Too little attention 5, 1935. On the same boat Dr. so. The proposed personal basis has been given to helping them Horace G. Underwood, of the is an alternative. to do for themselves. This is Presbyterian Church arrived in generally conceded today, and Chemulpo, so that both churches Buddhist Missionaries current policies look in the opwill celebrate the event in union posite direction. In a few fields services. A mass meeting in A United Press report states we have had conspicuous success Seoul on April 5, 1935, will be that a thousand Buddhist apos- in developing leadership and the climax of the celebration. tles, headed by twelve monks, capacity for self-direction. Cuba are planning a pilgrimage on and Puerto Rico are notable.in GENERAL foot from India to Rome and the this respect. So, too, is the Ne- United States to preach their gro field and some of the for- Dye Treatment religion. These apostles, or eign-language work. The Indian "lions" as they style themselves, field is an unfortunate example The treatment of leprosy by because they think it will take of relative failure in this regard, intravenous injection of syn- lion hearts to insure their safety in spite of individual exceptions. thetic dye-stuffs is arousing so on the journey, especially in Generally today there is a reamuch interest among superin- Moslem Mecca and Jewish-Mos- sonable insistence on proper lotendents of leper colonies that lem Jerusalem, come from Tibet, cal participation in financing the the Mission to Lepers deems it China, India, Burma, Siam and work. This is made difficult by wise to express a brief warning Ceylon. One of their leaders is the generally low economic levels against too much optimism. Dr. an Italian, who was educated in on mission fields. On the whole, Robert G. Cochrane, of the Brit- the United States, and in 1924 mission fields contribute fairly ish Empire Leprosy Relief As- went to Asia, and finally became according to their ability. sociation, recently wrote: "I do a Buddhist monk. not think the time has arrived Surveys vs. Activities for this treatment to be used in -Alliance Weekly. a general way, as it is still very "Today we' are much given to much in the experimental stage. Crusade Against War surveys of Foreign Missions. . . . While the results are cer- Personally I am fed up on surtainly encouraging, the number Christians throughout the veys. Twenty-five years ago we of cases was far too small to world are being urged to join in were in the midst of a great day draw any definite conclusion. a crusade against war, and for 'movements.' Everyone was Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, who has preparation for war, through-a naIvely confident that by organhad charge of the experiments pastoral letter dealing with "the izing movements he could change with these dyes at the Sungei present international crisis," the world. There was a maxi- Buloh Colony, Kuala Lumpur, sent by officers of the Federal mum of activity then and a min- Federated Malay States, recog- Council of Churches. "The imum of thought. Today there nizes "the danger of arousing churches of Christ around the is just the opposite. We have a undue expectations." world," says the letter, "should maximum of critical thought say to their respective govern- with a minimum of activities." ments that they cannot and will HENRY SLOANE COFFIN.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information W orId Tides in the Far East. By -as to the historical trust- of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., Basil Mathews. 12 mo. 184 pp. New York, N. Y. Paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00. Friend- worthiness of the New Testa- ship Press. New York. 1934. This little book is in part a ment representation of Christ, biography compiled from family Virile and gripping as everything is that comes from Basil and the truth of His miracles, records, letters and reports from Mathews, this book ranges the the mission field, and in part an Far East and brings back arrest- His atoning death and His resur- autobiography dictated near the ing facts and inferences. If he close of his life. Dr. Theodore has his way the book will soon rection. The author was for Greene of Peiping, who secured be put out of date by the rapid the original dictation remarks, movement toward "the coopera- some years a missionary in Ja- "Outstanding impressions have tive rebuilding of life toward been the untiring energy of Dr. which its argument is directed." pan and is now Professor of Meanwhile the chapter-headings Lewis, his desire for the work are intriguing: The Rhythm of English Bible and Missions in to be as independent as possible, China, The Unfinished Quest of his lack of fear of any danger Japan, China's New Secular Re- the Western Theological Semiligions, The Secular Religions of connected with his work." All Japan, etc., until one comes to nary of the Reformed Church in these qualities, and more, shine the last, The Tides of God. Here from the portrait frontispiece of is no mere record of incidents or America. He has a singularly the book. movements but a proposal also of the forces that will master lucid mind and an assured and Born of sturdy Christian parand direct those tides of the Far ents and reared on a Western East until they become the tides positive faith. He deals with Pennsylvania farm, C h a r I e s of God. Lewis worked his way through the truth of the Gospels, the ra- college and m e d i c a I school, Christianity in its essential character is more national than national- tional ground for faith in the chiefly by an intense belief in his ism because it sees the higher goal of work and an irresistibly persuathe nation as integral to the Kingdom miracles of Christ, especially sive salesmanship in peddling of God; it is more human than hu- stereoscopes and views during manism because it feeds the essential His resurrection, and with the vacations. Offered $5,000 per core of man's being-his soul-which year to carry the business to humanism ignores; it is more com- mystery of the Christian life and munist than communism because it Australia, he preferred $1,000 shares both the material goods of the experience. The chapters are per year, after arduous training, visible world and the invisible and to carry the Gos.pel of physical eternal treasure of the spiritual brief, clear and direct. Any world. and spiritual healing to China. reader can follow their reason- Throughout the years of train- Incomparably the most important ing, he was consistently and efwork in the world is to share the gift ing. They "bear testimony," in fectively Christian, and his perof God in Christ with all mankind. Dr. Pieters' words, "to the Cath- sonal witness for Christ was the After all, missions in its larg- life-long expression of a radiant est and truest sense is the an- olic apostolic, historic Christian faith and a sacrificial devotion. swer to the needs of the Far East as of the rest of the world. faith. We do not look upon our- Going to China in 1896, he la- bored at Tengchow and Tsinan C. B. McAFEE. selves as giving utterance to in Shantung. Driven out by the "Boxers" in 1900, he took serv- The Facts and Mysteries of the 'opinions' on religion, whether ice with the U. S. Army of paci- Christian Faith. By A I b e r t u s fication; then began in 1902 Pieters. 215 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans our own or those of others. Our that life-labor of thirty years in Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Paotingfu which made Taylor 1934. effort will be constantly to state, Memorial Hospital one of the outstanding missionary institu- This book is as certain as Pro- as the Christian faith, only what fessQr p~nny's book is doubtful tions of China. There, on the the great mass of Christian be- foundation laid by the martyr lievers, of all communions, ac- cept, and always have accepted, whether they were able to for- mulate it in so many words or not. There is such a thing as the Christian religion, one in its essential essence, however mani- fold in its form." Dr. Pieters'

purpose is definite and construc- tive: "We believe the Christian religion, but we do not believe it ignorantly or thoughtlessly, and our earnest desire is, not only to lead men to faith, but to lead them to a well-grounded and in- R. E. s. telligent faith."

Lu Taifu (Charles Lewis, M.D.) A Pioneer Surgeon in China. Com- piled by Robert E. Speer. 216 pp.

Cloth, $1.00. Presbyterian Board Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publls}1erl> on re~"illt of price, [381 J

doctor, George Yardley Taylor, the material grew. In most cases lenge some passages. But the and with the help of his own the talker was allowed to wan- volume as a whole merits care- trained and inspired Chinese as- der at will and to provide uncon- ful perusal, for there are evi- sistants, his skill and tireless en- sciously a fresh base for in- dent a serious purpose to face ergy built up a beneficient min- quiry." the realities of the present situ- istry to a vast and populous Because the tale of birth, edu- ation and a courageous faith in area. The railroad entrusted all cation, marriage, divorce, death, the future of the Christian its work to him; provincial and feasts, fasts, the church and its movement. The volume closes military authorities committed customs are all told by illiterate with a copious bibliography of themselves and their families to provincials, it gains in vividness pertinent religious literature, his skill and paid for it with but loses in style. We have in but the lack of an index is a de- large gifts to the hospital. consequence a series of human fect. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

In times of epidemic and documents rather loosely put to- plagu€!, Dr. Lewis threw him- gether. I slam is used for M os- The Negro's Churclb. By Benjamin E. Mays and Joseph W. Nicholson, self fearlessly into individual lems, and there are other curious New York. Institute of Social and Religious Research. 1933. 292 pp., and group relief, however har- mistakes in regard to this reli- appendix, index. $2.00.

rowing, perilous and apparently gion. The book deals with Strange as it may seem, this is the first serious social study hopeless the situation, and his Abyssinian Christian home-life of the Negro's most character- courage and fine judgment won and the influence of Islam is evi- istic group expression – his church. Both quantitatively and out. He also lent himself to the dent in many customs and tradi- qualitatively it gives insight into the structure and activity of 609 saving of the Czechs in Siberia. tions, as it is among the Copts urban congregations in twelve A "mighty hunter" by way of of Egypt. There is an excellent cities, seven southern, three northern, and two border; 185 recreation, he was as untiring glossary of Amharic words and rural churches in four countries in his personal ministry to the a fair index. S. M. ZWEMER. scattered in Georgia, Alabama, hundreds of patients in his hos- South Carolina and Texas. Ori- gins of the Negro's churches are pital. Intensely practical, he yet The Church Looks Ahead. An Analy- traced from the first congrega- sis and a Forecast. Edited by tion in South Carolina in 1773dreamed of conquering other Charles E. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. 1775 and the beginning of the Macmillan, New York. 1934. African Methodist Episcopal worlds in a medical missionary What is the present state of Church in 1786 and disclose journey overland straight across Protestant Christianity in Amer- some of the "means of separat- ing an unwanted racial group Asia, carrying relief to the phys- ica and what is the prospect for from common public worship." its future? The editor has ically needy in the far interior sought answers to these ques- A chapter given to the Negro tions from twenty prominent ministry shows that 80 per cent and with it the word of Life in ministers and he gives them in this volume, adding his own. of the urban pastors were not Christ. The dream was not real- The symposium can hardly be college trained and 72.3 per cent deemed a cross section of Amer- have neither college nor semiized; but the practical dreamer, ican Protestantism, for of the nary degrees; that college men twenty-one writers sixteen are "get more than an even chance when called to his reward in the Methodists, three are Congre- to become pastors of large churches," that college men in summer of 1932, left behind him gationalists, and two are college Negro seminaries are increasing and university professors whose but the total number of students a tremendously active and fruit- denominational connection is not in Negro seminaries have de- i n d i cat e d. The symposium creased in eight years, and that ful work and memories of a would have a broader scope if it had included some representa- the number of college students skilful hand and a loving heart tive Baptists, Episcopalians, Lu- contemplating the ministry is therans and Presbyterians. Howof one who had sincerely be- ever, every writer is a Christian small in comparison with those entering other professions. lieved and proved that "it is leader and his viewpoint is catholic. The subjects cover a The Negro minister's mes- .Cmeolvree."blessedCOtUoRgTEivNAeYthHa. nF to re – wide range, theology, sacra- sages are analyzed from ver- batim reports of many sermons ENN. ments, evangelism, missions, education, Christian ethics, the heard. Excerpts show twenty- The Abyssinian at 'Home. By C. H. social gospel, personal religion, six out of one hundred sermons Walker. 213 pp. $3.00. Macmil- the Bible, the Church, religious "touched concrete life situa- lan, New York; Sheldon Press, journalism, city and country tions," fifty-four were predomi- London. churches, church union, preach- ing and worship, pastoral work, nantly "other worldly," and two As a result of twenty years in etc. As might be expected the contact with life in Abyssinia, chapters vary in interest and and the compilation of an Am- value and the reader, like this haric-English Dictionary, the author knows the people inti- reviewer, will probably chalmately and in this study of their life allows them to tell their own story of their home and environment. "As the real life of the Abyssinian is a closed book to the stranger, the difficulty lay in the making of conversation, nor is it easy to persuade a native to discourse at length on any given subject and to exhaust it in detail. Point after point, however, was gradually dealt with, and

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSH:ElLF

were highly doctrinal or theo- minds." The ownership and con- the schools spend nothing on re- logical. In more than 65 per trol provide opportunity for ligious education; twenty per cent of the sermons dealing with initiative, self-direction, per- cent spend less than $1.00 per the present life and in many sonal recognition and for the member, and the average is other worldly sermons, one is common man "freedom to relax" only 52 cents per year. able "to glimpse the present so- as well as community and social The trends in American colcial and economic problems that center, stimulus to education leges are also considered toconfront the Negro." and business. The Negro's gether with the church colleges, As to membership, "there is Church has "potentialities to be- the university pastor, and types no u n i for mit y among the come possibly the g rea t est of instruction given. churches for determining the spiritual force in the United JAMES F. RIGGS.

basis of membership" but "hon- States." GEORGE EDMUND HAYNES. Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. By William Hugh Erskine, M.A. est and courageous efforts" are Kyo Bun Kwan and Bethany Colbeing made to keep adequate ac- Angola-The Land of the Blacksmith Prince. By John T. Tucker, Maps, counts of members. In the ur- lege Book Store, Agent, Bethany, Illus. 8vo. 180 pp. 38. 6d. paper. West Virginia. pp. 208. $1.50. ban churches 35.6 per cent had less than 200 members, 48.7 per World Dominion Press. London. The author is a student of cent between 200 and 1,000 1933. Japanese customs and his little members, and 7.7 per cent had Angola, West Central Africa, book on that subject has reached 1,600 or more members. There is Portuguese territory. As a a fourth edition. Here is a supwere more members per church plement on all the complications in Northern than in Southern mission field it is occupied by of the lunar-solar calendar of cities, largely due to migration workers of the American Board, Japan with notes on the feast of recent years, but in both sec- the Angola Evangelical Mission, days, the astrological value of tions more than half of the re- the Baptist Missionary Society the days and seasons and the ported membership was "rela- poetry and superstitions contively idle, leaving the work to and nine other societies, in adbe carried by less than half." dition to Roman Catholics. This nected therewith. Japan in this survey, with its clear maps, gives respect owes much to the Taoist In their programs urban calendar of China with its sys- the human background and his- tem of lucky days, magic octachurches have "from the begin- tory, the product of mission ning followed in general the pat- work and the "Challenge of the gons, and zodiacal rubbish. The tern set up by the white Unreached." Great geographical third part of the book deals with churches . . . including those oracles. "Metal-positive-monkey things common to most churches areas are still untouched by any day" occurs six times in 1933 of the working classes and peo- missionary work. For example and is unlucky. "HIGAN are ple of ordinary means." The au- days of meditation, and come thors believe the Negro is over- in one district of North Angola twice a year at the Equinox. It churched both South and North are twenty-nine tribes with a is the time when the sun is because available church money population of nearly 1,000,000, straight east and west in the is too thinly spread for an effec- wit h missionaries working morning and evening, and so the tive church program. among only three of the tribes. common people say that it is the In dis c u s sin g the rural It is clear evidence that the mis- day on which the western gate is sionary task, far from being completed, is only fairly begun.

churches, the study shows that Standards and Trends in Religious opened and the souls of the dead rural membership per church is Education. Hortshorne, Stearns are approachable for service. An much smaller than urban, but and Uphaus. $2.00. 230 pp. Yale extra serving of the meals of the percentages of regular contribu- University Press. 1933. day should be set before the tors and average attendance are The Institute of Social and Family Altar or on the God higher. Rural pastors are more Religious Research is responsi- Shelf. It is a good day to serve poorly trained than urban and ble for this latest in a series of the dead and attend to their the turnover of ministers is four volumes, dealing with graves, as their rewards of sucgreater. The program of rural trends in Religious Education. cess and virtue are unlimited." churches is much like that of the It would be a tonic to pastors, One would imagine that in a urban churches some decades Religious Education directors land where illiteracy is the rare ago. Sunday services led by a and all interested in knowing the exception, such superstitions minister, midweek services and facts to read and study the book. would rapidly disappear. S. M. ZWEMER. Sunday schools in the hands of It uncovers facts by hunting laymen, and revivals comprise them out and bringing them to Church Union in Canada, Its Causes the main features. the attention of others, showing and Consequences. By Claris Ed- the type of work done, the need win Silcox. 8 vo. 493 pp. $3.00. Their church is the "most thoroughly owned and con- for better teaching, the relation Institute of Social and Religious trolled public institution of the of the minister to Religious Edu- Research. New York. 1933.

race" and hundreds of churches cation and the amount spent in This is the report of an in- "operate sufficiently well to war- education. It is surprising to quiry entered upon some two rant commendation of critical learn that sixty-one per cent of years ago.

The book is distinctive as the "In every city swept by non- luxuries and 14% to waste. Re- concurrence, a large number of first independent review of this Presbyterian churches w ere ligion is estimated to cost $964,- more or less permanently weak- 000,000 and other philanthropies event in Canadian Church life. ened….. Non-concurrent minor- $910,000,000 while tobacco uses ities have been established, and up $1,964,000,000 and intoxi- The late Dr. Ephraim Scott and with the exception of Halifax, cants and narcotics $2,325,000,- new and often expensive build- 000. Various luxuries, semi-lux- Prof. E. Lloyd Morrow wrote ings have been erected (304-5). uries and wasteful expenditures alone use up about six times as from the Presbyterian stand- "The net result therefore in much as is spent on religious and certain towns has been the estab- philanthropic service for :human point, and the United Church lishment of twenty-two minority welfare. congregations to offset seventeen case was presented by the late consolidations, a net aggregate Mr. Vickery then goes on to increase of five churches in the show the present human need in Dr. S. D. Chown. Now an out- 104 towns as a result of church America, the poverty stricken, union" (Page 323). the ignorant, the handicapped, sider appears and after diligent the orphaned, the sick, the aged, For this failure to make union the unemployed, the vicious. He research and examination re- complete and its ideals attain- pointed out the inadequacy of able through the United Church church and private charitiesports the fruit of his labors. The the author places a measure of numerous as they are. It is the blame upon the leaders in favor aim of the Golden Rule Founda- Director, Rev. C. E. Silcox, was of union, but assigns the larger tion to coordinate and to coop- share to the non-concurring erate with existing charities, both painstaking and assiduous Presbyterians. Opinions her e making known the needs, gath- must differ. One weakness of the ering and distributing funds as in this undertaking. Whatever inquiry to us is the seeming as- they are supplied. Golden Rule sumption that the virtue of or- Sunday, and Golden Rule Week the merit of his conclusions he ganic church union does not with self-denial dinners, form a admit of question and that this worthy and practical institution. has placed the churches under scheme in particular merited unanimous support. Many other valuable features great obligation for the valuable are included in the volume- W. M. ROCHESTER, poems, giving alphabet, quotainformation, ecclesiastical, so- Editor, The Presbyterian tions on giving, a dramatic sketch, suggestions for Christcial, and political he has gath- Record, Toronto. mas and anniversary gifts, for supplementing the family income ered, making this volume in The Golden Rule Book. Compiled and for budgeting. and Edited by Charles V. Vickery. many particulars a reliable work 12 mo. 194 pp. $1. The Golden In the S,ecret of His Presence. By G. Rule Foundation. New York. 1933. H. Knight. 8 vo. 230 pp. 3s 6d. of reference. , Pickering and Inglis. London. 1933. Here is an excellent compila- Certain important conclusions tion of suggestions for a "prac- Every Christian feels the need tical recovery program for every for a life of quiet communion of the author are plain: 1. The household and individual." It with God. The more busy the links "The Old Ideal and the New life the greater is the need for Union is not complete. This is Deal." After presenting some time to be alone with the Father, very definite lessons from the to hear Him speak and to speak known in Canada. Press refer- depression experiences, with to Him. This devotional volume many interesting illustrations will help make this spiritual exences to the United Church of from life, Mr. Vickery takes up perience real, fruitful, practical our national wealth. By figures – for ministers, missionaries, Canada declare it to be a merger and charts he shows that Amer- teachers or any earnest lay ica is far from poverty stricken Christians. The author, with of the three bodies, Presbyteri- since the United States, for simplicity and clearness, shows only seven per cent of the world's how quiet times may be made ans, Methodist, and Congrega- population posseses 74% of the times of vision and of strength; world's automobiles, 62% of t!te how courage and joy displace tionalist. In its reference to the fear, discouragement and disap- petroleum, 52 % of the corn, 62 '70 pointment. It is not a definitenon – concurring Presbyterians Bible study or a book of experi- of the cotton and a dispropor- ence, but contains truth that and in the complete statistical tionately large share of other will stimulate and nourish spir- natural resources and modern ituallife. report of The Presbyterian manufactured products. Only Church in Canada readers will %% of the national expendi- tures go to the church, 1112 % to learn that only a part of the schools, 81,4 % to crime, 22 % to original Presbyterian Church was merged in the new body.

2. Union in the measure at- tained was born of bitter and protracted strife. Union did not spring from unity. Division in the Presbyterian Church mani- fested itself early and the oppo- sition was strong and growing as seen in the second vote which in the interval of four years showed an increase for union of 600, and an increase of 23,000 against union (Page 173). This strife left, "a legacy of bitter- ness which separated friends, ~nd broke churches, communi- ties, and the nation at large into fighting factions" (Page 463).

3. Contention prevailed after union and is likely to prevail for some time in the form of litiga- tion, as a consequence of the in- corporating the United Church.

4. The ends sought by Union, prevention of overlapping and economy, have not been reached.

Books v "PROPHECY!!

Something Happened. Mildred Cable The Living Religions of the Indian Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something and FraneeS<:.a French. 5;. RQdder People. Nicol Macnicol. 324 pp. & Stoughton. London. lOs. 6d. Student Christian Move- prophetic students never do without after seeing ment Press. London. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. one copy. L. E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Glimpses of Uganda. K. M. E. Lil- Cambridge University Press. Lon- lingston. 73 pp. Church Missionary BROOKS PUBLISHEIlS don. Society. London. 2003 Addison Way Los Anllele., Calif. Samuel Marsden. S. M. Johnstone. Christ and Japan. Toyohiko Kagawa. 256 pp. 7s. 6d. Australian Book 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 50 cents paper. Obituary Notes Co. London. Friendship Press. 1934. Dr. H. T. McLaughlin, who went to Back of the Mountain. Mary Brew- The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. Egypt under the United Presbyterian ster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. L. E. Browne. 200 pp. $3.50. Cttm,. Board in 1898, died recently. He was Revell. New York. bridge University Press. London. the last of this church's pioneers to Macmillan. New York. the Sudan. Come lIoly Spirit. Carl Barth and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. $2. Fresh Sp!jngs-C. M. S. Story of the *** Round Table Press. New York. Year 1933. Phyllis L. Garlick. 127 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Rev. J. H. Holmes, an L. M. S. mis- The Di$Coverers of the Fiji Islands- London. sionary in Papua for 28 years, died Tasman, Cook, Bligh, Wilson, Bel- in London early in May. He had lings}lausen. G. C. Henderson. 342 Grace, Child of the Gobi. Mildred translated the New Testament into pp. 18s. Murray. London. Cable and Francesca French. 67 the language of the Naman tribes. pp. 35 cents. China Inland Mis- A Survey of Religion in South Africa, sions. Philadelphia. *** 1933. 86 pp. 2s. 9d. So. Mrican National S. S. Assn. Port Eliza- Gold Mountain. Philip F. Payne. Mrs. H. V. Noyes, missionary for beth. 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents paper. 48 years, died in Toronto, Canada, Friendship Press. New York. February 1. She was the mother of New Learning in Old Egypt. Erd- Dr. W. D. Noyes of the Ea;:;tern Can- man Harris. 99 pp. Association A Japanese Grandmother. Emma G. ada Chinese Mission. Mrs. Noyes Press. New York. Lippard. 62 pp. 75 cents. Re;rell. went to Siam in 1872 with Mrs. Sam- New York. uel House to establish a girls' board- Hospitals Overseas. (Africa and the ing school at Bangkok. The work East Series) Illus. Map. 88 pp. The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of was successful and in 1876 she left Is. C. M. S. London. Paganism. John Strong Newberry. Siam to work among Chinese in Cali- 346 pp. $3.75. Houghton Mifflin. fornia, and then sailed for China with Myths and Legends of the Bantu. New York. her husband. Alice Werner. IIlus. 336 pp. 15s. Harrttp. London. Second Hand-A Story of Mission II If you use Work in Japan. Emma G. Lippllrd. A Short History of Religions. E. E. 158 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran PRINTING Kellett. 607 pp. 5s. Gollancz. Pub. House. Philadelphia. London. Y OU will profit from an ac- The Second Coming of Christ. Henry quaintanceship with us. We Origins of Sacrifice-A Study in W. Frost. 251 pp. $1.50. Eerd- do the job complete in our own Comparative Religion. E. O. James. mans. Grand Rapids, Mich. plant, whether it be large or 314 pp. lOs. 6d. Murray. London. small. Suzuki Looks at Japan. Willis La- Charles W. Abel of Kwato. Russell mott. 227 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents W. Abel. 255 pp. IIlus. $2.00. Re- paper. Friendship Press. New vell. New York. York.

Thinking Missions with Christ. Sam- Twice-Born Men. Hy Pickering. 144 uel M. Zwemer. 140 llll. $1.50. Zon.- pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, don. Mich. Whipping Post Theology or Did Je- The Romance of Labrador. Sir Wil- sus Atone for Disease. W. E. Bie- fred Grenfell. 328 pp. $4.00. Mac- derwolf. 305 pp. $1.50. Eerdmllns. millan. New York. Grand Rapids, Mich.

An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. 156 Personal Items While our specialty is Books, pp. 2s. 6d. Student Christian Maga<;ines and Pamphlets, yet Movement Press. London. (Concluded frlYm second cover.) we have a variety of IIlodern equipment to meet all the re- Sunday School Dr. Samuel A. Moffett, of the quirements of your particular Chosen Presbyterian Mission, has re- job. You will find our service Supplies ceived from the Imperial Educational prompt, careful and courteous. Association of Japan its gold medal Sound, splnluu/ for "distinguished service in the cause Will you allow us to estimate of education in Chosen." on your next printing? We be- ~ni1ns oT/1Ie lieve you will be delighted with JOlJn~I~ODlfS~KKiiefll~1 ·/IoArVoeilrDnl'IoIfnII1oInlimol/io~n~s ** * our product, price and service.

'Mile for Dr. A. E. Armstrong, Secretary of The EVANGELICAL PRESS the United Church of Canada, has left and to visit several mission fields of the Print.,., of church in Asia. The Missionary Review of the World *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third end Refly Streets Hlrrlsburg, PI. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Associa- tion attended the meeting of Congo Missions, held in June with Dr. John R. Mott.

MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY, NUMBER: Religious Liberty ………… , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . …………. Robert E. Speer Toward Re-Thinking Missions ……………………………….. Julius Richter Th e M ecca P 'gIn' mage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1j CHl.auUd.eWL.eoSntanPtiocnkens I ''The Son of Mary" ……………………………………. Eric F. F. Bishop i Islam and the Soviets in Central Asia. . ………………………… Paul Catrice The Arabs of Oman …………………………………. ~~~W~~a~~~~~ Moslems in Capetown .,. . . . .. . …………………………. A. R. Hampson Head-Dress as Symbol ……………………….. "………… Pierre Crabites Current Topics …… Book Reviews ……Survey of Periodicals SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 FIlth Avenu. N.w Yorlc CIty Single copies, SOc.j Annual Subscription, $2.00 j in Combinlltion with the REVIEW, $3.S0 (Foreign postage for Review, SOc. extra) MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pll….osler Bulldln••, LOIIdolt Prlc.ln Gr••1Brlleln, Eishl Shlllln••, net S:ook lOft OU-t ~peciul ?2umh~ ongupu", OCTOBER. 1934-Maps, Illustrations, Statistics Japan–·A Problem or a Challenge ……………………Charles W. Iglehart Present Day Religion in Japan …………………………A. K. Reischauer New Phases in Shinto ……………………………………A. A. Pieters The Youth of Japan-·-Whither? …………………………..Willis Lamott A Christian Rural Program ……………………………Edward M. Clark Newspaper Evangelism in Japan ………………………..Murray Walton The Influence of Christianity ………………………..S. H. Wainwright Christian Education in Japan ……………………………….. L. J. Shafer Japanese Views of Christian Missions …………………….E. C. Hennigar Overlapping in Japan " ……………….. , ……………..Wm. M. Vories ~~~~~~~ SEND YOUR ADVANCE ORDERS NOW TO ~~~~~~~ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, HarrisbUIg. Pa.

25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year $20.00 a Hundred

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1934

1934

The Red Man Speaks Coe Hayne The South American Crisis John A. Mackay Egypt—What Price Progress Charles R. Watson Preaching and Practicing in Africa Mrs. John M. Springer Buddhist Priest to Christian Witness Albertus A. Pieters An Experiment in Christian Friendliness Mrs. Edwin H. Kinney

to Remember Ceylon, died December 18, at his home If you

in West Medway, Mass., in his 80th January Z3-February 17-Annual Cor- year. PRINTING nell School for Missionaries, Cor- nell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Professor Hitchcock first went to YOU will profit from an ac- Ceylon in 1880 as a tutor at J affna quaintanceship with us. We February 4-8-Founder's Week Con- College, Vaddukoddai, was later given do the job complete in our own ference, Moody Bible Institute, Chi- life appointment under the Board, plant, whether it be large or cago, Ill. and placed on the retired Roll of Hon- small. or in 1925. He is survived by his wife February 7-17-International Council and three sons. While our specialty is Books, of Religious Education. Chicago, Maga:dnes and Pamphlets, yet Ill. * … .. we have a variety of modern equipment to meet all the re- February 8, 3 p. m.-Annual meeting Mrs. Adaline S. Ashe, a Presbyte- quirements of your particular of the MISSlONARY REVIEW OF THE rian missionary in Chosen since 1922, job. You will find our service WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. died in Butler, Pa., Dec. 13. She had prompt, careful and courteous. returned to this country last May on February 16-World Day of Prayer. health furlough. In 1922 Mrs. Ashe Will you allow us to estimate became matron in the school for for- on your next printing ? We be- February ZO-ZI-Committee of Refer- eign children at Pyengyang. She al- lieve you will be delighted with ence and Counsel, Foreign Missions so taught music to Korean women in our product, price and service. Conference. New York. a large class and in the mission's Bi- ble Institute at Pyengyang. The EVANGELICAL PRESS March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- ference under the auspices of the * … … Printer. of Medical Committee of the Commit- The Mi..ionary Review of the W ….ld tee of Reference and Counsel. New The Rt. Rev. Joseph Lofthouse, a York. pioneer missionary of Northern Can- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE ada and former Bishop of Keewatin, Third end Reily Str.ets Harrisburg, P•• April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i I of died December 15th at his home in Churches, Department of Evan- South Devon on his 78th birthday. Campbell of Germantown, and they gelism. Columbus, Ohio. sailed for India that same year. In 1900 Bishop Lofthouse traveled April Z6-May 7-General Conference, 7,000 miles, including 5,000 by canoe Dr. Orbison's first station was at Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and snowshoes, when he went on the Lahore, where he became a professor Jackson, Miss. expedition sent by the Canadian Gov- in Forman Christian College, of which ernment to survey the country be- later he became vice-principal. For FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY tween the Great Slave Lake and Bak- several years he was president of the AsSEMBLIES er Lake. Born in Yorkshire, he went Lahore Y. M. C. A. to Canada in 1882 and was sent to January Z8-31-Palm Beaches. Moosonee, the following year. He re- … * … February l-Z-Bradenton. tired in 1920 and returned to Eng- February l-Z-Ft. Myers. land. Bishop Lofthouse wrote "A Dr. T. L. Scott, for sixty years a February 3-9-St. Petersburg. Thousand Miles from a Postoffice." missionary of the United Presbyte- February 4-6-Clearwater. rian Church in India, died in Gujran- February 7-11-Tampa. … … … wala on January 4 at the age of February 11-13-Gainsville. eighty-seven. He was a versatile mis- February 13-15-Jacksonville. The Rev. Dr. Leander Whitcomb sionary, having served as a senior Munhall, noted Methodist evangelist, professor in the Theological Seminary, Obituary Notes died in Philadelphia on January 7 superintendent of buildings, publish- at the age of ninety-one. He was ing a Commentary in Urdu on the The Rev. Franklin F. Fry, D.O•• born in Zanesville, Ohio, served Old Testament, and at the age of throughout the Civil War with the eighty-seven being in charge of a Executive Secretary of the Board of Federal Army, and began evangelistic school for boys. American Missions of the United work in the Methodist Episcopal Lutheran Church, died suddenly of Church in 1874. For half a century Ten Ways to Fill Mission Boxes heart attack in New York City on De- he preached in all parts of North cember 13th. Dr. Fry was born in America and was intimately asso- 1. Self-denial-offering part of in- Carlisle, Pa., on. November 1, 1864, ciated with the late Dwight L. Moody come or earnings; price of enand was graduated from Muhlenberg and other evangelists. tertainment or other luxury; College and the Lutheran Seminary, saving carfare or auto ride. Philadelphia. After occupying pas- … … … 2. Selling missionary books or magatorates in Bethlehem and Rochester, Samuel R. Boggs, former President zines. he became Secretary of the Mission of the Gideons of North America, a Board in 1927. He was a delegate to member of the Boards of the Africa 3. Selling household necessities-can the Lutheran World Congress in Ger- Inland Mission, the New Guinea Evan- openers, waxed paper, vanilla, many in 1923 and was an effective gelization Society and of the Eastern brushes, kitchen utensils. worker in home mission circles-in- State Penitentiary Board of Trustees, cluding the Executive Committee of died suddenly of heart failure at his 4. Baked goods sales. the Home Missions Council. home in Melrose Park, Pa., on Jan- 5. Getting orders for Easter plants uary 4. Mr. Boggs was born in Phil- … * … adelphia in 1872 and was president of or flowers. (Many florists pay the Model Mills (Carpet) Co., but de- commissions. ) BiShop Apolo Kivebulaya, mission- voted much of his time to Christian 6. Cutting lawns, gardening. work with prisoners, young people 7. Cleaning brass and silver. ary to the pigmy race of Africa's 8. Caring for children while parents and business me…n. … … are busy. forests, a successor of Bishop Crow- 9. Errand service, marketing. ther, died on May 30. The courage of The Rev. John Harris Orbison, 10. Free-will offerings. M.D., for nearly half a century a misthe early martyrs in the days of sionary under the Presbyterian Board Alexander Mackay led him to become of Foreign Missions, died suddenly on Jan. 4 at Hoshiarpur, India. He was a Christian, and he became known born seventy-four years ago of misthroughout Uganda as a saintly sionary parents at Rawalpindi, India, attended schools in the United States, leader. … * … was graduated from Princeton in 1879, and from the Medical College William E. Hitchcock, for 40 years of the University of Pennsylvania in under the American Board of Com- 1886. He married Miss Lillie E. missioners for Foreign Missions in

MISSIONARY "Concerning the January issue of If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the REVIEW. The articles are so help- calls you East DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Suez … sail ful and interesting that I think I shall VOL. LVII FEB., 1934 No.2 subscribe for a copy to be sent to my Publication and Business Office home regularly as well as the one we Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. receive here at the office. The article Editorial and Executive Office by Miss Picken is stirring and very 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City gratifying." REV. A. C. SNEAD, Entered as second-class matter at Foreign Secretary, Christian and Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Missionary Alliance, New York. of March 3, 1879. "I will not renew my subscription. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. …… I am tired of the way you put in modernists…… I do not care to Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. read anything by……or…… Clear out of Sodom and Gomorrah!" Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. C. C. S.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- North Carolina. LISHING CO., INC. "I allowed my subscription to ex- BOARD OF DIRECTORS pire but, having been a subscriber for 41 years, I am lost without it. I en- ROBERT E. SPEER, President close check for subscription and would WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President like to have it retroactive to the time WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer my subscription expired." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT REV. A. C. DOUGLAS, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD United Presbyterian Church, ERIC M. NORTH San Francisco, Calif. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "For some time I have been wish- THE ROUTE PREFERRED SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ing to drop you a line in regard to SINCE 18401 Editorial Chat what I consider the greatest mission- Cross Cunard to England. The missionary outlook is, we be- and embark at London in a great lieve, more encouraging than the ary magazine published – THE MIS- ship of this Line that traditionfinancial. The Foreign Missions Con- ally and for nearly a century has ference, the Home Missions Council SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ….. . carried the vanguard of the and the Mission Boards are being Church eastward to all the lands stirred up anew to more prayer, to Single articles in the December and beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of greater sacrifice, to increased em- January numbers are well worth the transatlantic size and comfort, phasis on evangelism and to the need stand for the Progress ofthe West for educating the Church and the subscription price for the year. Had in scores of tropic ports and teemyouth on Christian faith and life. ing harhours of the Indian Ocean Read the "Topics of the Times" on I the money I would put the magazine and the Pacific. Natives measure the recent forward looking confer- time by their swift and sure ences. in the hands of every pastor in our arrival. Low rates and new, fast, church and every missionary on the luxurious ships make the voya ge *** an exceptional value. field." FREDERICK G. COAN, The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies has begun with greater Formerly of Persia. prospects of success in arousing new interest in the work of God through- Personal Items Regular sailings from London, out the world. A new series of United Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Foreign Missionary meetings is to be Dr. E. S·tanley Jones, who has been Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settlestarted this spring with a strong in America since last February, ments, China, Japan, Australia, group of speakers. Home mission speaking and holding Round Table New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, groups are considering a similar move. United Missionary Conferences in Persian Gulf, East and South Plans are under way to conduct a many cities from the Atlantic to the Africa, etc. more systematic campaign for the Pacific, is returning to India on education of the Church and the ris- March 1, by way of England, Hol- Complete information from ing generation. land, Scandinavia, Russia and Tur- You, Local Agent or key. *** ~UNARD~LINE *** All this points to the need for a GENERAL AGENTSNew York wider circulation for THE REVIEW. Dr. Adolph Keller of Geneva, 25 Broadway It is evangelical, and evangelistic in Switzerland, Director of the Central its emphasis and convictions; it is Bureau for the Relief of Evangelical world-wide in its outlook, interdenom- Churches of Europe, has recently deinational in spirit but stands true to livered the Stone Lectures at Princefaith in Christ as the only Saviour ton Theological Seminary, and has and the Bible as God's revealed and conferred with many leaders to ininfallible word. terpret developments in European Protestantism. Will you help spread the knowledge of human need for the Divine Saviour *** and the news of God's work in the world today? Here are quotations Ethan T. Colton, formerly Foreign from letters to show what some of Department Secretary of the Internaour readers think. Not all are of one tional Committee of the Y. M. C. A., mind. has made a personal study of condi- tions in Europe. He is now giving lectures in various cities on outstand- ing world problems, with such topics a~"Where Is Germany Going-and Why?" "Is the Soviet Union Heading for War or Peace?" "Why There Is No God in the Communist's World."

(Concluded on Third Cover.) [65 ]

A MOSLEM PILGRIM'S RECORD OF HIS MERIT-MAKING TRIP TO

H!s wall is decorated with drawings of his home town mosque, Mecca Mosque, quotations from the Koran; boats, dogs, geese, camel and other objects met on the pilgrimage.

EGYPTIAN STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO Here the students learn other ways of making merit and of using science to make their lives count for service.

MOSLEM RELIGION AND MODERN SCIENCE IN EGYPT (See page 71)

NARY

REVIB 'ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1934 Topics of the Times A FORWARD LOOKING CONFERENCE Communism, Fascism and the ethnic faiths in the In spite of reduced incomes, increasing deficits light of Christianity. It is of great importance to and large cuts in budgets, the annual Foreign Christian missions that correct jUdgments shall Missions Conference at Garden City (January be formed. The Laymen's Commission Report 3-5) was forward looking, upward looking and has divided the Church. The need today is for a full of encouragement. It was marked by the forward movement based on living faith in Christ union of the Federation of Woman's Boards of and on sacrificial service. People today are deeply Foreign Missions with the Foreign Missions Con- interested in the putting of Christ's teaching into ference to form one body, after over thirty years practice by the realization of Christian ideals of of separate activity. The conference was pre- peace, right race relationships, social justice and sided over by Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Secretary economic improvement.

of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed The conference-which represents the leading Church in America. The president elected for the foreign mission agencies of the United States and coming year is Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, President Canada-revealed its sympathy with efforts to of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the reduce overlapping to a minimum on the mission Methodist Episcopal Church. fields; to unite the institutions serving the same Some of the important topics that received the territory in the same field; to allow missionaries chief attention at the conference were: to concentrate on the tasks for which they are best fitted; to send out the best equipped mis- (1) How to promote more effective cooperation sionaries possible; and to cut down to the miniat home and abroad; (2) how to bring expendi- mum overhead expense at home. The need of the tures within a constantly decreasing income; hour is to bend all our united energies to making (3) and how to plan the work for the next five effective the redemptive work of Christ. Men years so as to make it more effective on a cur- everywhere are looking to see if there is power in tailed budget.

Dr. E. Stanley Jones gave the opening address Christianity to save individuals and to save soon January 3 (his 50th birthday), speaking on ciety. Jesus Christ has the power to solve our "The Present Attitude in America Toward For- problems, to purify society and to establish peace eign Missions." As a result of his recent mis- and justice on earth.

sionary tour in forty cities and his round table The outstanding paper of the conference was conferences with church leaders he reported that by Dr. Charles R. Watson, President of the Amerwhile he had come back to America expecting to ican University in Cairo, on "New World Condi- face discouragement, he returns to India greatly tions, a Challenge to Changes in Missionary Poliencouraged at the evidence of vitality in the cies." A digest of this paper will appear in a Church and the deep interest in the foreign mis- later- issue. Dr. Watson pointed out the necessity sionary movement. Five years ago the principal for recasting the missionary program for the next topic of discussion in religious circles was "Fun- five years in view of the present diminished indamentalism vs. Modernism." Now the battle comes. He advised that boards, missions and seems to have moved on from a theological or national Christians cooperate in finding a soludoctrinal basis to consider the nature and value of tion by united study and united action. Increas- [ 67]

ing nationalism has brought many difficulties and (4) To assist in providing institutions and service for curtailment of religious liberty. Our missionary the handicapped and under-privileged. . . . methods must be made more spiritual and added responsibility must be put on the younger (5) To bring the Christian impulse to bear upon the churches. The youth of today call for practical social and civic questions of the ·day. evidence of truth. They must be invited to share in shaping future policies and in the responsibili- The first period of home mission achievement, ties of leadership. Jesus Christ must have first as described by Dr. A. W. Beaven, was chiefly place in our life at home and on the mission field. concerned with pioneer work, giving the Gospel Not only is the future of foreign missions at stake of Christ to new settlements and unevangelized but the future of our whole Christian program. areas. The second period was largely devoted to The price of progress is faith in the work and the building and strengthening of churches, power of Jesus Christ, shown by sacrificial serv~ schools and other Christian institutions. The ice in following Him to the uttermost. period now before us should emphasize the mak- ing of Christian life more effective in personal, The conference favored the suggestion that economic and civic affairs and to bring about united conferences of board, mission and church larger cooperation in our common tasks as disrepresentatives be called on various fields-such ciples of Christ. as the Congo, Japan, the Philippines and various districts of China and India-to settle missionary "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow" repays policies for those fields. The first step was taken study and reveals the diversified character, the in planning for such a conference in the Belgian magnitude and the importance of home missions. Congo in June with Dr. John R. Mott and such The progress made is encouraging; while the ter- Board representatives as can be present. ritory yet to be possessed is not so large as for- merly, the problems to be solved are immense and The present difficult situation may lead to bless~ challenging. Thousands of American Indians ing if we learn to go· forward under the leader- are still unevangelized, many mountainous, rural ship of Christ, using our resources of men and and urban districts are still under-privileged, and money, of mind and heart and spirit, to bring the many phases of American life show little eviliving Christ and His Gospel to all men. dence of the impress of Christian principles and the power of the living, reigning Christ. One of the most fruitful features of the con~ ference was the daily devotional period by Dr. The work of home missions is far from com- Richard Roberts of Toronto. "We do not need a pleted. As was remarked by one speaker, "The new philosophy of foreign missions," he declared, problems are difficult but allY difficult situation "but we need a new obedience to the old impera~ may be used as an excuse for quitting or may be tive of Jesus Christ. . . . The Church must be looked upon asa challenge to undertake it couthe continued incarnation of Christ." rageously and to go forward to victory in the name and power of the living Christ." THE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS The Committee on Review and Forecast pre- The twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Home sented the following suggestions for an advance in Missions Council and the Council of Women for program: Home Missions was chiefly occupied with the report of the Committee on Review and Forecast 1. To make a determined effort to complete the occuthat presented its findings in a volume entitled pancy of the home missiQn field. "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." This report, unlike the Laymen's Inquiry, does not seek 2. To face conscientiously the problem of eliminating to recast the theological basis or to revise the chief duplication and competition in Christian work. aim of the home mission task but studies the achievements of the past hundred years and sug~ 3. To take steps to increase interdenominational coopgests the next steps to be taken. eration so as to complete the home mission task more speedily and effectively. The main objectives on home missions is stated to be: 4. To make new surveys of the field and to follow up those already made so as to bring the facts to light, to (1) To win men and women to Christ, tQ unite them meet the needs of each field, and to recognize the changed with other disciples in the fellowship of the Christian conditions that require new methods. Church and to educate them for worship and for service at home and abroad. . . . 5. To make the home mission administration more effec- tive, the quality of the personnel more adequate for new (2) To make the Church and its ministry available tQ tasks, and the spiritual standards of work higher. those sections of America which lack its ministry. 6. To bring the church of today and the youth, who will (3) TQ supply adequate Church leadership. . . . be the leaders of tomorrow, to recognize the challenge of the task and to enlist in the work more enthusiastically and sacrificially.

Joint committees of the two Councils will take up the responsibility of a further study of these projects so as to carry them forward to comple- tion.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF CHURCH Twenty-five years ago the Protestant churches could not COOPERATION have used unitedly a great new force like radio. Today, a nation-wide network of stations broadcasts every week, The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in from coast to coast, eleven programs sponsored by the Fed- America celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary eral Council. in Washington, D. C., on December 6th and 7th when President Roosevelt delivered an address Twenty-five years ago there was no way of expressing on the social idealism of early Christianity, which the collective Christian conscience on social problems. challenged the pagan ethics of Greece and Rome. Today the statement of "Social Ideals," as revised and He declared that the time has come to "challenge expanded last year, constitutes the most widely recognized the pagan ethics that are represented in many platform of Christian social effort, and the Council is recphases of our boasted modern civilization." He ognized as one of the forces working for social justice and pointed out the dominance of "greed" in our eco- international peace. nomic life and the resurgence of lynch law and other evils. He declared that "the churches are Before the formation of the Federal Council there was the greatest influence in this world to overcome no general organization for rallying church influence the present tendency toward greed." against racial prejudice or in behalf of mutual under- standing., Today the Federal Council is engaged in a The Rev. Albert W. Beaven, D.D., President of campaign against lynching, a campaign which recent the Federal Council, gave his views as to the sig- events show to be necessary; unjust racial discrimination nificance of the Council for the religious life of in our economic and civic life. America and the world, showing how through the Federal Council great values of unity are being It is impossible even to list all the other achievements increasingly secured without the sacrifice of right- brought about by church cooperation through the Federal ful freedom. The moral and spiritual needs which Council, but they have been important and far-reaching. the Church must meet today include the menace It offers an agency through which we can achieve things of competitive armaments and the exploitation of which no one communion would attempt alone, and it great numbers of the people for private gain. Dr. makes for a clear and unified message. Beaven declared that the nation needs "a free and courageous pulpit and an unfettered Church, that At this anniversary the discussions of contem- porary problems were built around the following it may have the advantage of such insights as may seven questions, which are related to both the be given to those who ask counsel of Almighty spiritual and the economic or social problems: God and seek to bring into human relations those enduring principles which are revealed in Jesus 1. What is required for a spiritual advance in the Christ." Moral and spiritual values are the foun- relation of the churches to world peace? dation of society. All too easily men have fallen down to worship the gods of gold, to admit that 2. What can we learn from the struggle for spiritonly in profit can we find such forces as will enable ual freedom in German Protestantism? us to make our machinery operate. Now in a dazed fashion we have awaked to find that the 3. What is required for a spiritual advance in the very temples of our selfishness come crashing relation of the churches to the liquor probabout our heads. We are discovering that it is lem? morally and economically true that righteousness exalteth a nation, and that sin is a reproach to any 4. What is required for a spiritual advance in the people. As Dr. Beaven pointed out- relation of the churches to the economic crisis?

During the past twenty-five years tremendous strides 5. What is required for a spiritual advance in the have been made in eliminating weaknesses, in achieving in- relation of the churches to the race problem? fluence, and in directing the combined force of Protestantism toward wholesome ends. Twenty-five years ago denom- 6. What is required for a spiritual advance in the inations rarely conferred with each other; the Federal relation of the churches to labor? Council includes twenty-five denominations of North America and there are federations of churches in nearly 7. Why is fuller cooperation essential to spiritual fifty major cities, and councils of churches in seventeen advance? states. The Hon. Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agri- Twenty-five years ago there was no world-wide organi- culture, gave a most impressive address on zation of Protestantism binding the churches of different "Statesmanship and Religion," pleading for nations together; today, as a result of the work of the "changed hearts" as the only ultimate cure of our Federal Council and the World Alliance for International economic situation. Ministers and teachers must Friendship, cooperating with the Christian forces of eagerly seek to make unselfish hearts eager and Europe. The new spirit of international cooperation willing to serve the common good, while others in among the churches culminated in the formation of the public life develop the changed social machinery Universal Christian Council, a world federation of the to match the changed hearts. Protestant churches. The Federal Council of Churches represents the cooperative efforts of twenty-two of the great Christian Communions in North America, with a membership of twenty-two million people. Its purpose is "to express the fellowship and unity of the Christian Church and to unite Christians for the service of Christ and the world." With so many different elements and varied leaders, it is natural that many of the activities and utterances

of the Federal Council are criticized, some justly, pIe, who have always been taught that the Bible but in the past twenty-five years it has accom- was a closed book to all but the priesthood of the plished much in bringing Christian forces to- Roman Church. The plain Cross sets forth the gether to solve some of the problems of the day in Christ of the Cross; the word "Gospel" is not a America. Faith in Christ as the only Lord and current word of the Roman Church and "Believe" Saviour, and loyalty to the Bible as the message is a strong contrast to the doctrine of salvation of God to men should unite and not divide the by "works" as taught by the Church of Rome. Christian Church for fellowship and for service. An official message has also gone out to the EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN ITALY Regi Proveditori agli Studi, the highest govern- Two strong forces, yes three or more, strive to mental educational authorities of every province, mold the future of the Italian nation. The present which is in strong contrast to the attitude of the Pope is an aggressive, missionary-minded leader Turks and the Russians on religious education. who seeks not only to strengthen the papacy in This message quoted in Beyond Alpine Snows Italy but to extend its control abroad. He has al- reads, in part: ready laid plans for the domination of the Belgian Congo and other districts in Africa. Nonreligious "All teachers and schoolmasters should read the New materialism is also spreading in Italy as in other Testament and should explain this divine Book to the chilparts of Europe. A third force to be reckoned dren and see that they learn its beautiful passages by with is the small but influential Evangelical heart. The Book must not be missing from any school Church. Mussolini and the Fascist Government library for it is ever new through all the centuries. It is are working to build up a strong political State the greatest of all books, the most necessary book because and the Government has recently taken some ex- it is divine. traordinary steps that should advance Evangelical Christianity. "The National Government desires to reconduct the chil- To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Fas- dren, and, by means of the children, the soul of the Italian cist Government, Signor Mussolini has issued a people, by this Book, to the finding of the safe way which series of new postage stamps. Among them, the will lead the fatherland to the most sublime and the truest thirty centesimi stamp is of very special interest, greatness."

and has caused much comment and strong opposi- That is magnificent. . . . When we know the powerful tion from the Vatican, expressed in most violent forces which are at work in Italy, under the stern, insistterms in the L'Osservatore Romano. ent, and precise orders of Rome, for the suppression of the Word of God, such a circular as that is a proclamation This stamp sets forth the open Bible standing which shows fine courage and splendid resolution on the on a lectern with the wings of an eagle, the sym- part of Signor Mussolini. bol of inspiration. On the open page of the Book is inscribed the word "Evangelium," which means "These are days of wonderful opportunity," "Gospel." Below is the word, "Credere"-Be- says the editor of the Spezia Mission paper. "We lieve-and behind the open Bible is the Cross, not are working in the midst of the Fascist Revoluthe crucifix. tion it is true, but on every side doors are open wide before us. The people are realizing more Before the Bible and the Cross, the flags of than ever the full meaning of the law of religious Italy, and the emblem of the Fascist regime, are liberty. There is a greater eagerness to read the reverently lowered in salute. The circulation of Word of God, in spite of the efforts of the Church this stamp will preach a great sermon to the peo- of Rome to prevent it. Young men and women seeking help and satisfaction are crowding our halls in such a way as to tax our accommodation to the utmost."

Prof. Doride Bosio of Rome also writes in Life and Work that the Italian Parliament has passed a law regarding "religious communities per- mitted in the State" which allows freedom in the discussion of religious matters, grants autonomy to "all religions which are not contrary to good order and morals," sanctions the opening of all places of worship and recognizes clergy of all permitted faiths as legally entitled to celebrate religious marriages which are recognized and reg- istered by the State.

Prof. Bosio concludes: "Italy's Protestants are a powerful advance guard of Protestantism which has been posted in one of the most difficult positions. They rely on the sympathy and love of all the Protestants in the world."

Egypt-What Price Progress?

By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt T HE shortest way to reach Egypt from Amer- high standards of morality and even vital concep- ica is to take the steamer which holds the tions of religion. It is the feeling that if only the record for trans-Atlantic speed, and in seven human race could hold its gains, would not slip days you will be in Naples. In three days more back, how much further we might have advanced.

you reach Alexandria and then two and a half But we cannot dwell upon the richness of our hours later you are at Cairo, the capital of Egypt, archeological treasures, for I am carrying you to a city of a million and a quarter. Egypt, neither for the sake of its climate nor for In normal years some fifteen thousand Amer- the sake of its historical significance, but because ican tourists visit that part of the world. Some it is a strategic centre of a great world. I mean come to enjoy our wonderful the Moslem world. Here in climate. In February and Egypt we are at the intellectual March when North American Egypt is still experiencing centre of that great civilization weather is drizzly and snowy the birth-throes of intellec- which we call Mohammedan.

and cold, Egypt is being flooded tual and spiritual rebirth. Do you realize how vast an with sunshine. However, this Old and obsolete conditions empire this Moslem world is?

delightful climate is not alto- and ideas are hindering the If you go around the world, it gether an asset. It is debili- advancement of new life and will greet you at Gibraltar. On tating for those who live there liberty. But Egypt is ad- the right hand, as you travel year in and year out. UYhen I vancing – at what cost Dr. the whole length of the Medi- Watson, a son of Egypt, . clearly shows. Are we ready terranean, you have the forty first went to Egypt, I was told as Christians to make the million Moslems in North there were three rules of life. sacrifices necessary to make Africa. At the East end of the First, "Never do anything to- this progress possible? Chris- Mediterranean, you are face to day that you can possibly put tians in Egypt are helping to face with the Near East of off till tomorrow"; second, pay the price. Are we at Asia with forty million more: "Never do anything yourself that you can get anyone else to home ready to stand by them? in Palestine and Syria, in Tur- do"; third, "Never do much of key, Mesopotamia, Arabia and anything anyho~ Persia. If you could run up to Of course many visitors come for more serious Russia you would find some ten million more, or purposes. They wish to see the archeological visit China and find another ten million. On your treasures of a past civilization. What a thrill it way around the world you go through the Red is to live in that past; to reconstruct in your Sea, across the Indian Ocean, and come to India.

imagination the millenniums of ancient Egypt. Here is the largest single block of Moslems in any The pyramids and obelisks and temples and one country-sixty million. Go on and come to sphinxes carry one back some six thousand years, Malaysia where you find forty million more. You not to the beginnings of history but to a period do not leave this far-flung Moslem empire behind which was even then the golden age of Egyptian until you have passed the Philippine Islands civilization. It deepens in one the consciousness where the Moro Moslems are under the American of the great price that has been paid for human flag.

achievements-the millenniums and centuries of The significance of Egypt in this great empire discipline and labor that have given us our present lies in the fact that it is the intellectual centre of attainments. This is particularly good for an Mohammedanism. Here is its great Mohammedan American who lives dynamically in the present, university, the Azhar. Here are printing presses and imagines that civilization began with him and that carry the thought life of Egypt to every part will be crowned by him. A deep feeling comes of the Moslem world. Here, too, is the cradle of over one who finds in these early millenniums the Arabic journalism. "As goes Egypt, so will go the knowledge of astronomy, engineering, agriculture, Mohammedan world."

[ 71 ]

What Price Progress in Health? women out of the life of the nation. If she is on the street she is veiled. In the home she is in the First as to Health: Clearly there can be no harem. To be sure, thousands are now breaking progress without higher standards of physical away from these strict social rules, but it is only health. The first thing that impresses the casual where West meets East. The law of the harem is tourist is the extent of eye trouble. Egypt has still the law of the land and of its social order. the unenviable distinction of having a greater We follow woman into her seclusion and ask: IS percentage of its population blind or afflicted with she educated? Egypt affords us government staeye trouble than any other nation in the world. tistics which tell us that in the country at large A leading authority placed the number of those twenty per cent of the population can read and suffering from trachoma at ninety-five per cent. write. But do the women get their share? No, This disease of the eye keeps a man out of Amer- only four out of a hundred Egyptian women can ica. It does not always spell blindness but it does read and write. Clearly, the price of progress is represent impairment of eyesight. Why should the elevation of woman. ninety-five per cent of the people have this affliction? Our four children lived for years in Egypt. Then we observe the precarious position of None of them had trachoma. It is not necessary woman in the home and in society, for the Moto have it. It is entirely preventable, but super- hammedan law allows a man to have four legal stition tells the mother that it is unlucky to wash wives. There is always at the heart of every wife her baby until it is forty days old. In America, a the dread of the possibility of a second wife, and baby's eyes are washed at birth. After forty days a third and even a fourth. Meanwhile, the law of the damage is done, for the disease has set in. divorce attacks woman's position and prestige Clearly one price of progress is the elimination of perhaps more than anything that has been menphysical diseases. tioned, for all that a man needs to do to divorce his wife is to say, "Woman, thou art divorced." Nor is eyesight the only point attacked. There is bilharzia and hookworm. These three, with As we face this social order and observe its other diseases in their train, stalk up and down working, we do not need to be missionaries nor the country causing infinite suffering to women, even to be Christian to see that it must change if dreadful mortality among children, and weaken- Egypt is to make progress. Nor is it the Westing the efficiency and shortening the lives of men. erner alone who is saying this. The Egyptian young man is also saying it, and is insisting that Sir Wilfred Grenfell, of Labrador, came to see the next generation of women shall be better eduus one day in Egypt. He said he had been visiting cated and shall have greater freedom. the hospitals and I asked him what he thought of them. "They are doing magnificent work," he Moral and Spiritual Conditions:' Even more said "but it is hopeless. The flood of disease is fundamental than physical health and social concoming down at such a rate that no hospitals can ditions, are those conditions that have to do with overtake the damage done. What is needed is for the moral and spiritual life of a nation. How some one to go upstream and check the disease at shall we appraise these conditions? Our attitude its source." He strongly endorsed the work which to non-Christian religions in our day is marked by we are doing in the American University at Cairo, a new sympathy and appreciation. For this I am where we are endeavoring to change public mis- thankful. My own appreciation of non-Christian conceptions on these very points We believe that religions grew out of my jealousy for God and if we can arouse the people to the great national His character as a God of love. It seemed to me evils, they themselves will effect the cure. To be unthinkable that the God of love, revealed to us conscious of a limitation or of an evil is to be well by Jesus Christ, would not have been deeply conon the way toward its removal. So we have lec- cerned for His children in other lands across the tures on health which go from our platform to the long millenniums of their history. Surely someprinted pages of the journals of Cairo. We have where one would find the token of His interest in also prepared the first educational film on the care their spiritual and moral development. As a child of the eyes, with an Oriental setting. Last year of God it behooved me to look for His hand of it was used by the Palestinian Government in the love in the lives of these non-Christian people. cinemas of Palestine. Yes, one price of progress Looking thus with sympathy and appreciation inin Egypt, and in the Moslem world, is health-the to the Moslem religion, I found much for which recovery of physical health. one is glad.

The Social Order: The casual observation of First of all there is the spiritual conception of the tourist who visits Egypt is "Where are the God iri Islam. We must remember that Mohamwomen ?" Of course, many know the Moham- medanism came up from a background of idolatry. medan law of seclusion which practically lifts Upon that background we see it as a religion with a spiritual conception of God. This came home to

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

me one day in Benares, India. We had been going two things I want from my religion. One of these from Hindu temple to Hindu temple and my soul is fellowship with God. I am conscious that I am felt fairly defiled by the coarse representations of here on earth-helpless, weak, sinful, and God is the creative principle on every hand. Then we in His glory and power and perfect holiness. Who swung around into a Moslem mosqu.e. It seemed will bridge this great gulf and bring me to Him?

like breathing fresh air. There was not an idol I know that Jesus Christ can do it. Moham- in sight. Only upon the walls was the name of medanism seems to lay such stress upon one single Allah. I thanked God that day for this feature of attribute of God, namely, His sovereignty, that He Mohammedanism. seems to be pushed farther away, up, up, ever higher, until He is yonder behind His cold grey clouds and your heart cannot touch Him. He is too great. I have been told that Moslem theolo- gians declare that it is blasphemy to say that God is love, for how can perfect self-sufficiency and sovereignty be touched with the feeling of mortal infirmity.

The second thing that I want from my religion is moral undergirding. I have temptations and I have tasks. I am unequal to both. I want moral reinforcement and undergirding. I need ideals that will break out ever with fresh significance.

WHERE NEW IDEAS OF PROGRESS ARE PUT I find that undergirding and those ideals in Christ. INTO PRACTICE Does the Moslem find them in Mohammed? As I read what Lord Cromer says about the modern A village where students go to teach lessons in social progress.

Again I am deeply impressed with the note of Moslem and his moral shipwreck, I sense that submissiveness in Mohammedanism. That is there is a need to be supplied, there is a Christ what Islam means-submission. "Moslem" means that needs to be shared. So, as I look at the moral "the man who is surrendered." Christians believe and spiritual situation and ask myself, What in the surrendered life. Of course, it makes a Price Progress, I see that there must be a new. world of difference what one surrenders to, but .moral and spiritual dynamic.

the act of surrender is there and the spirit of sub~ Who Is to Pay the Price? missiveness is there in any case. I have often marvelled at the resignation and quiet submission We now come to the most important question: to the will of God manifest in Mohammedan lives Who shall pay the price of progress? There are in the presence of great loss and awful tragedy. three parties that must pay the price. of this prog- Sometimes I dream of Egypt becoming Chris~ tian. I do not think of the mosques being de~ stroyed with the loss of the Moorish architecture.

I love it, although I love the Gothic, too. I do not think of the minarets being destroyed and church steeples being built with their crashing bells call- ing to prayer instead of the call of the human voice from the minaret. There are many things that I believe Jesus Christ, with His loving appre- ciation of all that is good and all that has been de- veloped in the good providence of God in every race, will preserve. I believe that He will gather up these values, developed in other races and na- WHERE THE PRICE IS BEING PAID FOR PROGRESS tions, and will build them imperishably into His The American University at Cairo eternal Kingdom.

What Religion Should Supply ress. There is some part of this price which only' Egypt herself may pay to achieve her own prog- But this appreciation of the good in Islam must ress. There is another part which I would say, in not impair our judgment. There are deep and all reverence, only God may pay. Finally there is fundamental inadequacies in this religion which a part of the price of progress which it falls to only Jesus Christ and His spirit and teaching and us to pay.

work can supply. Let me ask here, What is it that What is the price that Egypt must pay? I you want out of a religion? Personally, there are cannot touch on all that is included under this an-

swer, but certainly one part of that price is the laborious planfulness. Some of these are high in pain of readjustment. Let me illustrate. Some the Government; many are in humbler walks of years ago when I was living in a Moslem neigh- life. They see the new day. They are seeking to borhood, I heard the sound of weeping in a large usher it in. Some are trying to reform the law establishment back of our house. 1 knew what of the country. Some are improving the educa- had happened: there was a death. According to tional life. Some are reforming the social order.

custom the family would erect a large pavilion of Some are instituting health campaigns. To every beautiful tent work and during three days friends one of these forward-looking Egyptians and Mos- would come to express their sympathy. Should I lems, we should extend our sympathy and a help- go? I did not know the family. They were my ing hand. • neighbors but the house fronted on another street. But there is a part of the price of progress that The family was of pasha rank. The head of the only God can pay. The uplift of a nation, the house was a Nationalist. The difficulties seemed progress of humanity, whether in the East or in to increase as I investigated. But 1 finally decided – the West, whether among Arabs or Americans, to go, scarcely hoping to be able to talk anything cannot even be hoped for without reliance upon but Arabic, or at most, French. What was my God. I am not thinking only of that price which surprise when I was greeted at the entrance by a was paid by Him centuries ago on the Mount of young man, speaking perfect English. He said, Calvary or on the Pentecostal morn when spir- "It is my brother who has died. He died in Cam- itual forces were released that have no end in the bridge, England. I was studying in Oxford, Eng- history of the world. I think, also, of more recent land, and I brought the body home." He then took providences that are clearly from the hand of God.

me to a seat of honor alongside of himself. He Within the last twenty years we have seen the seemed to hold on to me. I sat there quietly, hav- entire Moslem world lifted out of its isolation and ing expressed my sympathy, for one does not talk swept into the current of world thought and much. I listened to the Sheikh chanting passages brought into touch with world movements, as not from the Koran that were beautiful, and in all in centuries before. In the Great War, we re- sincerity, 1 said to him: member that of all non-Christian areas it was the "That is beautiful chanting." Moslem world that was affected chiefly by this "I hate it," he said. great war. What was the campaign at Gallipoli "What is the trouble?" I asked. and the Dardanelles but in Moslem territory!

"1 was living in the quiet and the peace of Ox- That in Mesopotamia, on Moslem territory! That ford," he explained, "and then I came here at this of Egypt, Moslem territory! The recruiting of tragic moment; in my home the women were the labor battalions from NoI:th Africa, Moslem screaming and tearing their clothes and pulling territory! The awakening of the whole Moslem their hair. I stood it one night; then I got out world that began so significantly with the Great and went to the hotel." War has gone on steadily in more recent years so I was sorry for the young man. I was sorry that today the old complacency and self-sufficiency for his father and mother who would not under- has passed away. All of this has been wrought by stand. I was witnessing the contact of two dif- none other than the hand of God.

ferent cultures, two different religions, two dif- Another mighty force that I believe has been ferent immortal hopes. I was witnessing a veri- directed by God to influence mightily the Moham- table collision of ideals and where these contacts medan world is Nationalism. This is of greater and collisions take place, there is pain-the pain significance in a Moslem land because of a pre- of adjustment. Would God that there were al- vious conception which had to be overcome. The ways mediators at those points, sympathetic per- old Mohammedan conception was not that of Na- sons who might explain, who might take up the tionalism at all. It was that of Pan-Islamism, in shock of the collision. But even so, there is always which all Moslems would be united in a religious pain, the pain of readjustment to new ideas and empire. There would be no Moor, or Algerians, new truths, and Egypt will have to pay that price, or Tunisians, or Egyptians, or Palestinians, or and in many instances she is doing it with courage Arabs; they would all be members of one reli- and with calmness. But at times there are the gious faith, happening to live here or there. Now fanatical outbreaks, the indignant rejection of Pan-Islamism has exploded into bits and every new ideas and new thought. bit is a national bit. There is today a Turkish Another price that Egypt herself must pay for nationalism and a Syrian nationalism, and an progress is that of initiativeness in reform. I Iraqian nationalism, and an Egyptian National- wish I could describe the forward-looking Egyp- ism. These countries would not dream of uniting tians, increasing in number every year; men of together and losing their nationalities in order to wisdom, men of courage, men of persevering and form a Pan-Islamic empire once again.

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

But what is nationalism worth? Many condemn price of grass in a country so hot and dryas it as an accursed movement throughout the world, Egypt? Is it a little sprinkling of water now and making for hatred and hostility. This was the again? Not at all, that would never do. The en- opinion of the Indian poet, Tagore. But we do tire field is banked up all around; then the field not find it so in Egypt. It is a new force indeed is flooded, almost a foot deep, and the water is in the life of the people and while it may have its allowed to stand there all night until the ground evil manifestations, it is also in many cases a is thoroughly· soaked. That is the price of grass force for good, for progress, for eagerness for in a hot and dry climate. It is a parable of what knowledge and education. It puts a nation on its we Christians must do in the Moslem world. We tip-toes of expectancy. It awakens the mind to have tried the sprinkling processes. Here and inquiry. It softens the will and enables the there there has been a little manifestation of love people to a c c e p t and sympathy. But changes that make it is not en 0 ugh.

for improvement. There must be the As we see this force drenching 0 f the working in the life Moslem world with of Egypt and ad- Christian love and Jommg countries, sympathy. Only so we feel that, under can we achieve the the hand of God, it results we desire may prove to be a and the progress we mighty power for want.

progress. And then there Lastly, . there is m u s t be service.

that portion of the Whatever it is that price w h i c h we Christ has given us Christians, friends we can give to them.

of Egypt and of the Spiritual service, Moslem world, must moral service, social pay if progress is to service, intellectual be achieved. The A NEW MOSLE'M WOMAN ADDRESSING A CAIRO CROWD s er vic e, physical first price we must service – imparting pay is that of sympathy. There has been too much not merely the fruits of Christianity'but the roots ill-will across the centuries between the Christian also. We must share all the living springs which camp and the Moslem camp. There has been we have found in Christ. That is what we are suspicion and hatred. This cannot be the last trying to do at the American University at Cairo.

word. The last word must be love. You ask, how It is only one of many forms of service, but it is much love? Let me answer with a parable. Just indeed one of the most practically useful, one of on the edge of Cairo is a country club, on a beau- the most spiritually penetrating, one of the most tiful island on the Nile. One can there watch the morally undergirding, and one of the most life- polo games played on beautiful turf. What is the transforming methods for promoting progress.

Christianity has to do, not with man's quest for God but with God's gift to man…… It is not a question of ou!: sharing with others the deeper spiritual values of our lives,which for the most of us are not very much to share, but of bearing witness to a grace and truth outside of ourselves…… The Christian mission ….. stands or falls with the question whether it is the bearer of a word from God.

-J. H. OLDHAM.

Evangelism-what is it? Are we afraid of it? Do we think it cannot be effective in our day with its emphasis on the social gospel? Society can be changed by changing the individuals that compose it. Dr. Mott's words find an echo in our hearts: "Evangelism consists in making Christ known, loved, trusted and obeyed in all ranges of life, by individuals and by society; and an intense passion to have Christ's kingdom widened, to ca:11 out the best in personality, to share with others, to be unselfish and to give to others those things of Christianity that have helped us. This larger evangelism is the work most needed now in the world, yet most neglected. We are in a time when we need great affirmationsaffirmations that nothing has changed our belief in Christ or in his power in the world."

Mrs. Thomas Nicholson.

WHY I BELIEVE IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS* By DR. DONALD W. RICHARDSON, Richmond, Virginia 1. I am a Christian. To be a Christian is to be a missionary; I can't be a Christian and be indifferent to the needs of others.

2. I have seen some of the need of the non-Christian world. Back .of its physical, intellectual, economic, political and social ills, I have seen 'the need for a knowledge of Jesus Christ and the God whom He reveals.

3. I know from experience and observation that among the many panaceas and saviours which are being .offered to the world today Jesus Christ alone is actually saving men and women.

4. When I entered the Christian Church I thereby became a life-member of a divinely estab- lished missionary society. If I did not believe in missions I would be false to my membership in this missionary organization.

5. I believe that the words of Christ when He told His disciples to "go into all the world to teach and heal and p'reach the Gospel" are to be taken literally. We who are within the Church manifest our love and our loyalty to the Lord by the measure in which we carry out His command. In neglect- ing the hungry and thirsty, and naked and sick and imprisoned of the world I am neglecting Christ.

6. In Christ and His message I have a vision of the possibilities of people. I see them not only as they are, but also as they may be. I see not only their achievements, but also their capacities for achievement.

7. While recognizing the many elements of value to be found in other religious faiths, I have ,seen that these other systems at their highest and best do not supply the value which is found in the Christian faith and Way of Life. Their essential inadequacy lies in their ignorance of Christ, the Revealer of God and Redeemer of man.

8. I believe that in Christ alone is found the solution for the needs of the individual, of society, of civilization and that around Him alone center the noblest, the most unselfish, and the most endur- ing activities of man. '

9. I believe in the possibility of a world in which people of every race and nation may live as the children of God-in a social order characterized by righteousness, peace, and gladness. I believe that this better world must be built of men and women who have been redeemed in every land and brought into the Kingdom of Heaven by the grace of God in Christ.

10. I have seen some of the results of Christian missions-glorious transformations in character, marvelous restorations of lost mental and moral and social and spiritual order. I have seen pagan minds enlightened, bodies healed, souls saved, societies regenerated; and an atmosphere of gloom changed into one of gladness.

11. I believe that the Church and the Christian need mission work as an avenue of expression for the Christ-life within, as a field of service and sacrifice. By engaging in this work they them- selves become enriched and fruitful.

12. I believe that Christ's purpose and program call for cooperation on the part of His followers. He has placed His own cause upon the hearts and in the hands of His disciples. The completion of His will for the world, His method, His Church, His ideal for man, is by the way of foreign missions.

13. With such a God as Christ reveals, with such purposes of grace and love as the Christian Scriptures proclaim, the foreign missionary enterprise is a moral necessity. I should be ashamed to be so spiritually obtuse as not to see the logical issue .of my fellowship with Christ.

14. The best which 1 have I desire to share with humanity; selfishly to keep it for myself and my own community would be un-Christian. That best is not some theory of government, not some system of culture, not some program of social uplift, not science, not the veneer of Western civiliza- tion, but the knowledge of a loving and saving God. Not to share this knowledge would indicate a pathetic lack of faith in my own religion.

15. I know missionaries whom the Churches have sent out-most of them humble, courageous men and women, whose names may never be written in human history; but who are the agents of God for the establishment of His Kingdom. They are in the line of God's great succession .of Kingdom build- ers. I would share with them, to the limit of my opportunity, in the divinest, the most daring, and the most gloriously fruitful enterprise of all the ages.

16. Finally, I believe in Christian missions, because "This is life eternal, that they might know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent." The greater part of the world today does not yet know, and can come to know God only through messengers whom the Chri,stians may send out to tell the Good News.

• From the Ohristian Observer.

South American

By JOHN A. MACKAY, New York -··~Z1 Author of "The Other Spanish Christ"; Secretary of the Board f.lc-..- of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A S I LOOK back on my recent wanderings in this at a time when millions from the Magellan ..l'.. South America, I find that three main im- Straits to the Hudson Bay are suffering hunger, pressions have crystallized in my mind. I it is clear that what is in crisis is man. Can we have become conscious, if not for the first time, at not pardon the modern pessimist, who in the least to a much greater degree than before, of light of facts like the above, raises a question three major realities in the contemporary life of whether after all man is anything more than an that continent. The first of these is the reality of unsuccessful experiment of nature!

crisis, the second the reality of religious oppor- This is one side of the economic crisis. For- tunity, the third the reality of the evangelical tunately, there is another. Who can doubt that community. the fact of being united in one great fellowship of In the present article, I am going to deal with pain predisposes the nations forming the Pan- my impressions of the reality of crisis, leaving the American Union to regard one another in a much other two realities for treatment in subsequent friendlier way than they hdve done for decades articles. past. Nations which suffer fogether find it much Happily, it is not now so common as it was easier to think and plan together, and common some years ago, to regard all crisis as a simple pain has undoubtedly been one of the factors mak- projection of a state of mind, a state of mind that ing possible the great and unusual comity that has thrusts its own disorder and dread into the world reigned in the recent Pan-American Conference around it. It has become evident that changes of at Montevideo.

a major order are taking place in the life and Political Upheaval thinking of men, and that major decisions must be made. Thus the perception grows that crisis Everywhere I was conscious of the reality of is the only word at all adequate to describe condi- social and political crisis. Early in 1928 it had tions such as exist in many parts of the world. been my privilege at a Latin-American banquet The old is going. Something new, whether better in New York to share the program of after-dinner or worse than the old, is in the throes of birth. speeches with a distinguished diplomat, Dr. Carlos Davila, then Chilean Ambassador to the United Coffee Bonfires States. Both of us lived on the peaks that eve- .

It is not surprising that I found South America ning as we discoursed on things South American.

in the grip of an economic crisis. Let me give but Last May, I was in Santiago, the Chilean capital.

one representative illustration. I had arrived in There I was told how the erstwhile ambassador the Brazilian port of Santos, and was speeding in had headed a revolution, occupying the presiden- a friend's car across the great plateau. As we tial chair for several weeks, after which he was approached the city of San Paulo, I said to my ousted from power by another. One evening, companion, "What is that haze on the horizon?" after an address in the "Instituto Ingles," a Pres- At first it seemed to me to be a Scotch mist. But byterian mission school in Santiago, a man in his no, it was evidently smoke. "Some great building early fifties came up to speak to me.' There was in the city must be ablaze," I said. "No," was his a look of great kindliness in his face, and a strange reply, "they are burning coffee." mystic flash in his eye. "I am Colonel Grove," he said, as he shook my hand warmly. "Colonel During my three months in Brazil, I discovered Grove!" I involuntarily replied. This was the that in the last two or three years, 16,000,000 best-known communist leader in Latin America! sacks of Brazilian coffee have been burned. He was the man who had ousted Davila from Crisis! And not a purely economic one, either. power, occupying, in his turn, the presidential When one reads of the destruction of sheep in chair for several weeks. Then he, too, passed southern Chile, of the slaughter of pigs in Kansas, from the helm of State. In the recent political of the burning of wheat in Wisconsin and Min- elections in Chile, at which the new President nesota, and of the coffee bonfires in Brazil, and all [77 ]

Alessandri was elected, thirty-three political bridged in the interests of creative action and parties went to the polls. Among these were creative personalities. Appreciation of the existtwenty shades of socialism. Crisis! The new ele- ence of this chasm is part of the present crisis. ment in the situation was that social and political Will the abyss be widened or will it be bridged? ideas had become real and people were following That is the really critical question, as we look ideas and not, as formerly, ambitious personali- down the coming years. ties. The transition from interest in personalities to interest in ideas is an element in the social and Idealism and the Chaco political crisis of South America. In the international realm, crisis was equally I crossed the Andes in a raging blizzard on the apparent. The press in all the capital cities I last train to cross for some weeks, and sped over passed through was full of news about the undethe marvelous Argentine pampas. I came finally clared war between Paraguay and Bolivia. At to a much loved city by the sea, Montevideo, the Buenos Aires in June I found that, according to capital of vigorous and progressive little Uruguay. estimates, at least 40,000 men lay. dead in the Crisis met me there – in a city where legislators malarial marshes of the Chaco. Some have put had given themselves to the task of banishing the estimate of the victims to date at anything crisis and revolution forever, and sincerely from 50,000 to 100,000 Bolivians and Parathought they had succeeded. A dictator was in guayans. That awful holocaust to the god of war, power in the most democratic of South American that bloodiest and most sinister of episodes in countries, a country which had earned for itself modern Latin American history, is red with crisis. the name of the New Zealand of South America. And perhaps the most crimson part of that crisis is not that so many thousands of men have died, Some few decades ago, Uruguay set itself to but that South American idealism lies in those solving the problem of recurring revolutions, by swamps. How often had it been said, since the creating a new collegiate form of government, in World War, by leading South American statesmen which both of the traditional political parties and writers, that theirs was the only part of the should be represented in the executive council of world where war would be forever impossible bethe nation. One of the men largely responsible tween sister nations, because all South American for the new system was ex-President Brum. Fif- countries had loyally pledged themselves to solve teen years before, I had listened to him speak in their conflicts by arbitration! South America was Lima, when as a young man of thirty-five, re- committed to the principle of arbitration for the cently elected to the presidency of his country, he settlement of all international disputes. Then was touring the other American states. Brum came the undeclared war in the Chaco, which all was a natural enemy of the new dictatorial gov- the diplomacy of the Pan-American Union and of ernment. He found, however, that the majority the League of Nations could not prevent. Not of the people were in favor of it. They did not only that, but a similar situation had almost been rally to him or to his ideas, as he had hoped. One created in the Putumayo, on the boundary between day he received word that the government was Peru and Colombia. Had it not been for the asgoing to arrest him. He prepared himself for the sassination of a Peruvian president in the month event in a very dramatic way. Throwing open, of April, those two countries would have repeated early one morning, the wide doors of his residence, on the Putumayo what Bolivia and Paraguay have he seated himself on a chair facing the entrance, waged in the Chaco. South American statesmen a revolver in either hand. He expected that one and idealists are in a chastened mood. They of two things would happen-that the government recognize that all nations have sinned, that "there would arrest him, or that the people would rally is none righteous, no, not one." Some recognize around him. The hours passed. Neither of the that mere idealism and sentimentality are insuffitwo possibilities was fulfilled. In utter loneliness, cient when confronted with primitive human nadenied even the opportunity for a dramatic ges- ture and the new doctrine of the State. ture, he shot himself. He had been a brilliant political leader. He had sincerely and consistently Spiritual Crisis opposed religion of all kinds, but in his utter loneliness and isolation, at a moment when true re- But the reality of crisis is still deeper. There is ligion nerves a man to stand alone with God a spiritual crisis in South America. It is true, of against the world, he could not endure blank soli- course, that every crisis in human affairs has a tude and preferred to put an end to his despair. spiritual aspect. This we have seen to be true in In a crisis such as he had never anticipated, his the various phases of crisis already considered. heart became a sepulchre of dead illusions. He proved incidentally, by his suicide, that the tradi- A crisis takes place in the inner life of a countional gulf between religion and politics must be try when it is willing to remake its whole life and tradition in the light of the conclusion it reaches

THE SOUTH AMERICAN CRISIS

after loyal self-examination. Then anything may reached the places we aspire to, become our old happen. Self-criticism is of the very essence of true selves again, rejecting all opportunism and crisis. It is not too much to say that South Amer- untruth." When a well-intentioned and altruistic ican countries have entered this stage. Spain young man asks himself seriously whether it is entered it after the Spanish-American War, and worth while or possible to be good under all cir- the way was prepared for a really creative revo- cumstances then we have crisis of a serious order.

lution by the wholeheartedness with which thou- We are not surprised to learn that the new sands of men and women in the country gave mood gives greater reality to religious ideas. This themselves to the task of knowing themselves and brings into crisis the old South American radical- of discovering wherein their great faults and ism. "It would appear," said a Peruvian radical failings lay. It is interesting to observe that at and freethinker, "that God had handed over poli- the very time when new appreciation for Latin tics to men and kept religion for himself." But America is being expressed in North America, now a new phenomenon meets us throughout those there begins to appear in South America a tend- lands. It is not rare to find earnest young men ency to rigorous self-examination. of the new generation ready to take to themselves A second aspect of South America's spiritual the words of that young Spanish writer who said, crisis has already been hinted at. It consists in "I have Karl Marx in my head and Jesus Christ the change of interest from persons to ideas. in my heart." I am not interested in discussing, South America passed through a stage in which at the moment, whether this is or is not a possible ideas regarding life and God were given only an combination. What interests me is to point out academic or resthetic value. It was considered that for many young South Americans it is per- that to identify oneself passionately and absolutely fectly valid, however illogical their position may with anyone idea was to become sectarian, and seem to us. They have awakened to the discovery cultured South Americans have dreaded nothing that Jesus Christ is not the "poor Christ" whom so much as to be called "sectarios." Now, how- they have thought of, but a being whom every ever, that is changing. The new tendency or man must face if he would fairly and squarely mood began to appear with the revolt of university face himself and life. Their social imagination youth in 1918. It received its finest expression in is being captivated by the "Christ of the Whip."

Peru, among the members of the Apra party. I Among a people for whom a "poor beggar" or a have just read a remarkable pamphlet entitled "poor devil" has been practically synonomous "Aprism and Religion," in which the writer, a with a "poor Christ," illimitable vistas of oppor- young man who, in my time in Peru, was regarded tunity open up for the reinterpretation of Jesus as a consummate bookworm and cynic, confessed Christ.

that he had been saved from sterile intellectualism We need not be surprised to find that the sense by identifying himself with the great ideas em- of crisis prevails in the traditional church of those bodied in the program of his party.* When countries. The Roman Catholic Church is fully teachers, and intellectuals in general, are expected alive to the seriousness. of the present situation, to be crusaders, a complete break has taken place and so we discover here and there things which with the traditional attitude of detachment which are quite foreign to the tradition of that church, characterized South American culture. Accord- as known hitherto in those lands. We find ser- ing to the old view there could be no such thing as mons being preached in theatres and in churches, a crisis for an educated man, who viewed the without any ritual accompaniment. We find lay- world from his detached balcony. men who give lectures on the Bible and Catholi- There is still another element of crisis in this cism. We find more attention being given to the current drift from personalism. One discovers reading of the Scriptures in public, and in certain among the younger generation a great loss of faith areas to the distribution of the Gospels. If this in men. What a Mexican student once said to me process goes on long enough and thoroughly would be typical of many others in South Amer- enough, anything may happen in the' old church, ica. "We have become totally disillusioned," he and we might even witness another reformation.

said, "in the men to whom we looked as leaders. Meantime, the spiritual issue becomes sharp- We now ask ourselves if, continuing to live in ac- ened. Spiritualism, theosophy, occultism, not to cordance with our ideals, we shall ever reach speak of many other cults, have begun to dom- places of power where we can do the work we inate the minds of thousands throughout the con·· think should be done. So we wonder if for the tinent. Some years ago, an Indian philosopher, a present we ought not to take up a Machiavellian high priest of theosophy, and a Doctor of Phi- attitude towards life, and then, after we have losophy of the University of Cambridge, made what was practically a triumphant tour around • The Apra Party. See article, "A Voice from a Peruvian Prison," the whole continent. In South America, the East in the December REVIEW.

and the West, which it was thought would never opportunity to present the heart of the Gospel. meet, are coming strangely together. Nobody, I Interpreting Nietzsche's famous parable of the believe, would make such a profound impression camel that became a lion and the lion that became on the spiritual life of South America as an Indian a child, I followed modern man along the road of Christian, for South America looks wistfully to- his measureless passion for knowledge, and his wards the East and feels her need of a faith. iconoclastic drive towards freedom, into a fresh new childhood with wonder in its eyes and a life- An illustration of the reality of spiritual crisis affirming accent on his lips. The following mornis a question which was put to me by a student ing an engineering student came to see me. "I of the University of Santiago during my recent have passed through the stages you described last visit to Chile. One evening in the National Uni- night," he said in an agonized tone, "I have been versity I gave a lecture on "Nietzsche-the Crea- a sceptic. But I cannot live on scepticism and pertor of Superman,"-the idol of more than one gen- petual rebellion. I need a faith. Do you think I eration of South American youth. From him they can ever get a faith ?" had derived their conception of life and Christianity. A discussion of his personality and This was crisis in its most creative stage, in thought offered me the best possible point of con- that phase in which anguish becomes vocal and tact with my audience. Never did I have such an craves a religious answer. (To Be Continued.) The Red Man Speaks* By COE HAYNE, New York Author of "The Red Man on the Big Horn," etc.

A l"'.M. OcaNmGp, the boys o f Black Bear's hunting supernatural powers that were supposed to con- Red 'Neck, a member of the Crow trol the destinies of fighting men. The boy's votive offering was placed with similar ones in a tribe by adoption, was superior in feats of shallow hole in the earth that nourishes and pro- tects. Then Chief Blackfoot of the Crows prayed: skill and endurance, including horseback riding, "Dear sun, we give you this as a sacrifice from our bodies that those who are away in wars may long-distance running and shooting with bow and be victorious and return safely." A little later Red Neck was again honored by being adopted by arrow. From both his father and mother he had Chief Blackfoot as his own son.

inherited great physical powers. A far more terrible as well as determining ex- perience awaited Red Neck in his training as a Red Neck's father, murdered by the Sioux when member of his tribe. The time had come for Strong Face to dedicate him to a life of bloodshed the boy was but six months old, had been a sur- and plant in his soul forever the spirit of revenge in memory of the murder of his father by the geon in the Union army and, like many other rest- Sioux.

less young white men after the Civil War, had On a hill overlooking the Crow camp Strong Face stood with her son. They were alone. Just gone to the Western Frontier to take up land and as the sun tinged the eastern horizon with the golden light of a new day, the Indian woman begin life anew. Among the Blackfoot Indians lifted her arms in a gesture of adoration of the blazing manifestation of a power her tribal trahe had chosen Strong Face as his bride. ditions had taught her to fear rather than to love. As she chanted a song of mourning, tears flowed The youthful Red Neck with his mother wor- down her face unchecked. In utter abandonment the Indian widow surrendered to her grief. Alshiped the force that resided in the sun, the light- ternately weeping and praying, she gave expres- sion not only to grief but to her hatred of those ning, the 'rivers, and the rocks. He was initiated into all the ways of the Indian and learned the Crow and Blackfoot legends. He learned to shoot expertly with rifle as well as with bow and arrow, and to track deer and bear that were plentiful in the Bighorn Mountains.

One day while some of his mother's family were absent as scouts for the United States troops dur- ing the Nez Perces and Bannock uprisings, Red Neck was taken by Strong Face to a hill for fast- ing and prayer and was asked to contribute a small piece of flesh from his arm to appease the • From "The Mocassin Trail," by courtesy of The Judson Press,

THE RED MAN SPEAKS

who had killed her husband. Her mourning was ponent, whom he felled repeatedly by short-armed a part of a religious ceremony as are many jabs to the chin. To pay his vow and still the common activities in the life of an Indian. Her wails of his mother now aroused him to white devotions on this occasion were to be marked by heat. Memory spurred arms and hands for dread- a supreme sacrifice-the consecration to hatred of ful action. A voice called him back to the present a child of tender years. She prayed that he might and prevented a catastrophe.

become a warrior of courage and sure marksman- "Come to my office, John," ordered Captain ship, that he might kill his enemies. Pratt.

Above the boy towered Strong Face that morn- John Frost, known among the Crows as· "Red Neck," believed that he was about to be expelled ing, neglecting no sign or word that might burn from school. He was asked kindly how the fuss began. He told how it started in 1871 when the into his heart the spirit of hatred. Sioux under Sitting Bull raided his homeland; he spoke of the vow made to avenge the murder of "Promise me," she urged, "that some day you his father.

will kill a Sioux that the death of your father may "Your father was a good man, John," said Cap- tain Pratt. "I knew him when he served as a surbe avenged." geon in the Union army. We'll not discipline you for this." With his arms extended toward the sun, the boy made the vow and Strong Face invoked upon him the blessing of the orb of fire that climbed the eastern sky. .

During the following decade Indian influence in the boy's life continued to make deep and abid- ing impressions upon him. When rather late in life he began his elementary education in the gov- ernment school at Crow Agency, his Indian heart almost rebelled. Vivid memories of the unham- pered life in the Indian country made him long to return to it. Stealing away from the school one evening, he saddled his favorite pony and rode to the top of the divide between the Little Big Horn and the Big Horn rivers, where he could view the distant Pryor Mountains, the hunting grounds of his people. He was Indian; in Crow lodges he was at home; on the hunting trails of his people he knew the way; why try to penetrate the mysteries of the white man's world? He had WESTERN INDIAN ROUND HOUSE ridden forth with the thought that he would allow For Hold time" Indian ceremonies.

Buck, the pony, to take him back beyond the John continued at Carlisle and became captain Pryors to the place where the smoke columns from many Indian camp fires joined above the pines of Company A by acclamation. He played on Car- lisle's first football team before Bemus Pierce and that shaded the Stillwater. But the impulse to Mt. Pleasant, two of his teammates, became naleave the school at c'row Agency passed, and with tionally known for their brilliance on the gridiron. its passing he wept. He knew that he was saying By consecrated women teachers he was given good-bye to the hunting grounds of the Crows and Bible lessons, and was taught the simple courtesies that are considered important in well-directed to Buck. homes and public places. His record at the insti- A few months later Red Neck was transferred tution won for him a job on the Crow reservation, to the Carlisle School in Pennsylvania, where he first as disciplinarian in one of the dormitories in the government school at Crow Agency and then developed rapidly under Captain Pratt and a staff as scout and interpreter at Fort Custer on the of teachers who had faith in the inherent good- high mesa above the juncture of the Big Horn ness of live Indians. and Little Big Horn rivers.

Red Neck was at Carlisle when he learned of the shoting of Sitting Bull during the so-called uprising under the leader of the Ghost Dances in South Dakota that culminated in the "Battle" at Out of the entire group of twenty Crow men Wounded Knee. The Crow yelled in savage glee who returned to the reservation, John was the and volunteered the opinion that the old Sioux only one who did not again take up with the old warrior got what he deserved. Big Horse, a Indian ways. Yet this youth, fighting to keep nephew of Sitting Bull, sprang at him. Both lads himself clean, came in time to see failure ahead were good in a rough-and-tumble fight, but Red for him unless he broke away from the reserva- Neck was more skilful as a boxer than his op- tion. The colonel gave the Indian permission to

return to duty after a ninety-day furlough. But would cut their legs and arms, stab their head~, John Frost did not return until years afterward. When the ex-scout came back to his tribe with and chop off the ends of their fingers, wailing and wife and children he found that Baptist churches, crying, "I shall never see you again; no never! under the leadership of men and women sent to Oh! What shall 1 do?" them by the Home Mission Societies, had been organized among the Crows. At first he kept away Thank God, these terrible things are not seen from the Gospel services but gradually the brave any more. Great changes have taken place and and sincere Christian living and achievement on many of the Crows are rejoicing in a Saviour's the part of the missionaries and their converts love, and climbing the trail to that happy land turned the heart of this Indian toward Christ. In above. There have been nearly five hundred bap- 1927 he was ordained to the Christian ministry tisms; we now have five Indian churches and our and is now pastor of the Indian church at Pryor, own Indian Association. There is so much to be Montana. Strong Face, his mother, is numbered thankful for. among the Christians of the tribe. Not many months ago, at the dedication of the new Chivers Shot-in-the-H~nd, one of the oldest members of Memorial Chapel for Indians at Lodge Grass, th~ tribe, just before he passed away prayed: "0 John had occasion to refer to the terrible vow of God, forgive me for cutting and scarring this his boyhood, body you gave me. Grant, 0 Lord, that not one of my children will do as I did in worshiping the The Testimony of John Frost wrong gods. I did not know any better."

Delegates to the Northern Baptist Convention Bear Claw, another old Indian who walked held in Chicago in 1927 will remember the testi- faithfully in the Jesus Road, said to me just bemony of John Frost that follows: ~ore he died, his face beaming with light and joy, The Indian is naturally religious; when he be- Brother, please do not pray for my recovery, for lieves he believes with all his might. If you had I am anxious to go to this place the missionaries come among us when Drs. Petzoldt and Kinney have told about, where there is no sorrow, and no did you would have found us worshiping idols. tears, and no good-bye, and I want to see the won- We believed in a Great Spirit, and we believed derful Jesus." that the mountain lions, the bears, the wolves, coyotes, and in fact all animals, birds, streams, These are some of the many things your misand springs were messengers of the Great Spirit. sionaries have brought to my people. Oh! If I When we used to roam the prairies and had to were a master of all the languages I could not find cross a creek or river, we gave some offering; if words to express my gratitude today for what the a river, a choice piece of meat or pemmican; if a Gospel has done for my people and for me. I can creek, beads. only say, God bless you, God bless the work and the workers among the Crows. In order to gain favor from these many message-carriers of the Great Spirit, worshipers Indian Reverence would go to the mountains and choose some high point, then fast for days, neither eating nor drink- With the life sketch of John Frost and his striking. In some cases they would chop off the index ing testimony in mind as recorded above, one may finger at the first joint as a sacrifice, or tear the more readily understand a statement by Henry strips of skin from the body as an offering. Again, Roe Cloud concerning the Red Man's spiritual histhey would set a post in the ground on some high tory and present attitudes. point, and on top of this post, which was nearly ten feet high, fasten a buffalo's or bear's head. Henry Roe Cloud, full-blooded Winnebago In- Two rawhide ropes which hung to the ground dian, newly appointed field representative of the were fastened to the post just below the head. Then the man who was to make the sacrifice had ~ureau of Indian Affairs, * is regarded as parhis breast bared and two strips cut in the flesh on each side. A stick was put under the flesh on each tIcularly fitted to act as an interpreter of the Inside of his breast, across, and fastened to the two dian to the Government and the Government to ropes from the post. He went around and around the Indian. He was born on the Winnebago Indian this post, pulling backward and blowing a whistle Reservation in Nebraska, attended the reservamade from the wing bone of an eagle. He went tion boarding school, and later went to a nonuntil he broke himself loose. After all day, if the reservation boarding school in Nebraska, to which skin refused to break, he was pulled loose by a come pupils from tribes such as the Omahas friend. When a dear one died, the relatives Winnebagos, Sioux, Cheyennes, and Assiniboins: By his own effort he secured a Master's Degree from Yale in anthropology, was graduated from Auburn Seminary, and was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian church. Each summer while attending school he returned for contact with his • Now Superintendent of Haskell Institute.

people, and after completing his education he entertain a living Person in ourselves. With that stayed for several years on the reservation, work- sort of a conception we attain what we call our ing with the Indian simply as one interested in spiritual development. We discover our incentive their welfare. The past seventeen years he has for life and we are forever hungry and reaching spent at the American Indian Institute which he after a certain nobility of soul. This all comes established at Wichita, Kansas. This is an ac- from that wonderful· fact that we have a living credited high school specializing in agriculture Being in us. God is so near to the consciousness and higher training for Indians. Said Mr. Cloud of the Indian that when he prays most of the time at the North American Home Missions Congress he says "My Father." He is so near, so present. in Washington, D. C.: I think the Indian has a distinct contribution to It is not hard for an Indian to grasp the teach- make to the Christian Church. It grows out of his ing that God is a Spirit and is living today as a centuries of experience in worshiping the Great personality in the hearts and lives and souls of Spirit. We have no absentee God; he is present men. Even I as a small child was taught to wor- always with us. That's the teaching of our peoship according to the teachings of Animism. The ple. The Indian through experience knows that conceptions of Animism, in brief, are these: Yon he is present, and out of that intimate contact personalize the forces of nature, give them a spir- with the unseen Father which is the great reality, itual personality, and then turn around and wor- he has developed this spirit of reverence which ship these forces of nature. You've got a God we all know that he has. Another thing that he right near you. You worship the thunder, the can contribute to the Christian Church according lightning, the water, the fire,· etc. You have a to my idea, is that when he confesses his sins, he spirit at your hand whichever way you turn. Take confesses his sins. He doesn't say as the white a race of people who believe in that, and it is not man does, "Oh, Lord, forgive my sins." The Indifficult for them to pass from that conception to dian goes right straight to his sins and tells the the other conception that God himself, through whole world what they are. There's a species of the teachings of God and the Bible, is living today sincerity and forcefulness in his confession to the with us, in us. We do not entertain high thoughts Great Spirit which might be of value to the Chrisand cultural ideas, and that sort of thing, but we tian Church.

CHIEF PLENTY COUPS CONFERS NAME "PLENTY CR,OWS" ON REV. JOHN FROST AT THE HOMESTEAD WILLED BY PLENTY COUPS AS A PUBLIC PARK FOR INDIAN'S AND WHITES

CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT

All the teachers are now natives but Mr. Morrison is the man in command and very efficiently so. He is In the front rank to the left.

Preaching and Practicing in Central Africa By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, JadotviIle, Belgian Congo Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I T WAS high noon and intolerably hot when we Not knowing which road to take on the other arrived at the Lubilash pontoon just as it side, we pulled up to a lad who wore an infini- loosed from the shore and slowly made its way tesimal piece of calico as his sole wardrobe and to the other side. The boat was loaded to the was lunching on a huge piece of sugar cane.

water's edge with natives and their loads of cotton "Where is Bibanga?" we asked. Without a word to be sold at t-qe Cotonco warehouse some miles and without stopping his mastication, he pointed further on. For two days the road had been full to a distant hill on which could be seen a light of cotton growers taking their loads to markets spot. It was the roof of the new Bibanga church.

from which the cotton would be shipped to Bel- Twelve kilometers of winding, narrow road lay gium. An hour later, the pontoon was back and ahead of us and as we rounded the hairpin turns our car rolled down the perilously steep bank and and looked down the precipitous sides into the onto the battered craft which was evidently valley hundreds of feet below, we wondered what stronger than it looked. would happen if we should meet another car. As [84 ]

PREACHING AND PRACTICING IN CENTRAL AFRICA

we rounded another sharp bend the new church when brought to the hospital; 110,000 intervenus was seen in its simple beauty and soon we were injections, and only 407 deaths, it is nothing short honking outside the McKees' door. of a miracle. Only a few years ago sleeping sick- In this Southern Presbyterian station at Bi- ness carried 98 % of its victims to the grave. bango there is a fine large school under Mrs. Mc- Kee's direction while Miss Allen was on furlough. During the past ten years there have been a total The new church will hold a thousand people and of 53,000 patients in the hospital. Of this num- ber, 11,000 suffered from hookworm. Most of us humans are as lazy as circumstances will allow, but the laziness of the African has been prover- bial. The truth is that much of his disinclination to do hard work was due to this insidious little worm which is in process of being vanquished, as well as the tsetse fly which causes sleeping sickness. What astonished me most was the amount of surgery done in the poorly equipped operating THE BEAUTIFUL NEW CHURCH AT BIBANGA CAN SEAT 1,000 PERSONS AND IS WELL FILLED EVERY SUNDAY is well filled every Sunday. But on our first visit to this station four years ago, the nurse, Miss Rogers, was bravely carrying on in the absence of Dr. Kellersberger. Now the doctor had returned and our main interest was in the medical side of the work.

Heathenism Is positive and not neutral as some suppose. For centuries babies whose mothers died at birth were buried alive with the mother. But for the arrival of the missionary. that would have been the fate of little Marco.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. theatre. A new government doctor remarked with scorn that he certainly would not try to operate Mary Is a beautiful Christian character and teacher. She has with such out-of-date instruments as those used worked hard and kept up with her husband through four years at Bible School and was the first woman to graduate from that in the hospital. school. Do missions pay? I'll say they do. Look at Mary. "Well," replied the doctor, "these are all I have Throughout Central Africa, Bibanga has be- and I've performed 35,000 operations with lumbar come almost synonomous with sleeping sickness. injections in the last ten years and have never had Dr. Piper, the Methodist medical missionary; con- a death; so matters might be worse." siders Dr. Kellersberger the greatest authority on sleeping sickness in the Congo, or at least in the We were taken into the "surgical ward," which Katanga. When one thinks of 9,735 patients of the doctor said that he was ashamed for us to see; this dread disease, many of them already insane and yet, it was the only place he had for these cases.

It was a small room not over 15×15 and so crowded that it was difficult to get through the door. Most of the beds were side by side and the patient whose bed prevented the full openirig" of the door had been brought in that morning with

a foot badly clawed by a lion. The man had this colony but the victims cannot be taken in climbed the nearest tree but it was not quite high faster than provisions can be made for them. enough for him to get entirely out of the maddened beast's way. Nearly a day had elapsed be- Many have been led to Christ and thirty-five fore the patient was brought to the hospital and have been admitted to baptism after giving proof the odor was .decidedly unpleasant. of their genuine conversion. This means a gen- uine turning to Christ from a life of sin. In every In the far corner lay another man who had also part of the manifold work the evangelistic spirit been in the hunt and the lion had badly chewed has been kept foremost. These people were his arm, but in both cases the doctor pulled them formerly wild and bloodthirsty tribes, many of through. Another patient had had a huge goiter them cannibals. The missionaries knew that removed and was doing well. It would be a bless- there was but one hope for them – that which ing if someone would give the brave doctor a new would come through the preaching and teaching surgical ward! of the Word of God and through belief in the sav- ing power of the Lord Jesus Christ. It is this that Another new feature is the leper colony only has transformed the whole section. three years old. Here 350 lepers and their families are in camp and live a normal life, seeking to Two weeks later we passed the old Luluaberg win their way back to health, so far as possible. Post where lies the body of the first missionary in This colony is in temporary huts but it has its this region, Wm. Summers M.D., a Methodist who own self-governing tribunal, fields at the foot of came out with Bishop Wm. Taylor's band in 1885 the ridge for raising grain. We marveled how to Loanda. The storms had erased his name on the cripples could get up and down the hill. The the tiny cross which the Government had placed colony also has its own church and school, with over Dr. Summer's grave, but neither time nor trained teachers and pastors, who have become eternity will wipe out the work done by those who keen voluntary workers as soon as they have be- not only preached Christ but lived Christ and died come lepers. There is a long waiting list to enter for Him in these villages of Central Africa.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. DR. KELLERSBERGER AND SOME OF HIS LEPER COLONISTS He thinks he, has every phase of leprosy and every specia ever discovered in this Colony.

Buddhist Priest to Christian

A Story of the Old Fukunaga-and the New By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D. The Reformed Church in America; Formerly a Missionary j§.- to Japan MANY years ago, in a hotel in the town of rank.as a samurai. This lasted, however, only a Usuki, on the east coast of Kiushiu, a short time, for presently, by order of the new group of Christian workers were chatting government, the clan forces were disbanded, and together when the conversation turned to the we, the two-sworded gentry, were disarmed. As black art. compensation I received a sum of money not real- ly very large, but a much greater sum than I had "Mr. Fukunaga," said I to a representative of ever had before. It was a great misfortune to the Bible Society, "Is it true that the Japanese me, for I had not the least idea how to use money people think we Christians deal in magic?" properly. I went at once to the brothels, and spent it all in riotous living. After that, I sank "Indeed it is," he replied, "and what is more, lower and lower, until I became a runner for a that idea led me first to listen to the preaching house of prostitution and a servant to a band of of the Gospel." 'geisha' (dancing girls). In this occupation I made it my business to tempt young men to their That evening Mr. Fukunaga told the story of ruin, and received a commission on the amount his early life before an audience that listened of money they spent in the brothels. Lust and. spellbound. In the main the tale was as follows. strong drink were my delight, so much so that if He said: I had no money to buy drink I would go about the banqueting hall when the guests had left, and "I had the misfortune to lose my mother when guzzle the few remaining drops left in the bot- I was very small, and was given over to a very toms of the cups. As I think of it now, I was cruel stepmother. One day, when I was five or just like one of those maggots that breed in rotsix years old, angered by something I had done, ten flesh; I lived in the midst of unspeakable she stripped me naked, bound my hands and feet, filth, and I thought it fine." and laid me among the bamboos where the mosquitoes were thickest. I would have died that Fukunaga's simile of the maggots,-which I have night, if the neighbors had not rescued me. never met elsewhere, seems most terrible and yet most appropriate description of a life of lust "Growing up under such care, I became a very and drunkenness, without reproaches of conbad boy. In my early teens my father decided that science, and before satiety has set in. "A maggot nothing good could be expected of me, so that I in a piece of putrid flesh!" What a picture of filth would better become a Buddhist priest. He ap- and enjoyment combined! I wonder whether it is prenticed me to a temple, where I remained for possible for a man brought up in a Christian several years. Under the tutelage of the priests community, however abandoned he may become, I learned to intone the prayers from memory, but to enjoy vice as heartily as a heathen does. I also learned from them many vices. Not one good thing did they teach me. To frighten me Fukunaga's redemption was drawing nigh. they told me that the idols would see and punish While living this kind of life, one day he called me if I disobeyed them. One day, in their absence, on a friend, who was a lantern maker. One form I scratched the back of one of the idols with a of advertising in Japan, much used also in evanknife, to see what it was made of. I found noth- gelistic work, is to hang out large lanterns, with ing but wood under the paint, so I replaced it on an inscription, advertising the wares in which the the shelf, and was afraid no more. merchant deals, or giving an invitation to a meet- ing. Fukunaga's friend was finishing one of these "When I became a young man, I ran away from large lanterns, and was writing certain large charthe temple and joined a band of men who lived acters on it. Fukunaga could not read, and asked by gambling and robbery. This kind of life was favored by the disturbed state of the country, it being about the time of the great revolution. When the authorities became too watchful to make that sort of life safe, I enlisted as a soldier. him what they were. The lantern maker read it I was very proud of my two swords and my new to him: [87 ]

"Makoto no Kami no Hanashi, 0 hairi nasai"- his pocket, no trade, and no place to sleep. He "A Talk about the True God, Come in." "Very had no idea how great a thing he had done, but he strange," said Fukunaga, "I've heard of all kinds had made the grand venture; he had taken his of gods, but I never heard of this one before. 'The place with the heroes of faith. "He went out, not True God,' what kind of a god is that?" knowing whither he went." He had chosen "rather "I do not really know," replied his friend, "a to suffer affliction with the people of God than to man came in and ordered it made this way. That's enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season." As he all I have to do with it. I think it is to be hung walked along, he remembered that the temple out in front of a place where they are going to priests had taught him a simple form of massage, teach Christian magic. You know the Jesus doc- practiced in Japan by men called "amma," usually trine, what a vile thing it is, and how long it has blind men; who announce their coming by blow- been forbidden; but now everything is going to ing on a whistle, that customers may call them in.

the dogs, and they are letting it come in again. I He bought a whistle, and that night he had five or say, Fukunaga, you'd better go in for it. There's six clients. At dawn he sought a lodging, jingling no telling how much money you may make if the coppers he had earned. "That jingle," he said, you're good at magic, and I guess it won't trouble "was the sweetest music I ever heard, for that was you any, no matter how bad it is." the first honest money I had earned in all my life."

Fukunaga thought that this was a good idea, The real business of his life became the telling so he went to his first Christian service. "There of the story of Jesus and His Salvation to all who were not many people present," he said; "just a few of us sitting on the floor around the sides of would listen. For several years he pursued the the room. Presently a young man came in, with calling of an "amma," in order that, like William a foreign shirt and drawers showing under his Carey with his cobbling he might "cover exkimono. Aha! I thought, here is the man wear- penses." So persistent and earnest was he that ing the magic garment! He distributed little the people of his community thought that he must hymn-books, which I took to be full of magical be a paid agent of the missionaries, and that he formulas. Then he stood behind a table, bowed pretended to be an "amma" in order to gain adhis head, shut his eyes, folded his hands, and be- mittance to their homes! He took a special intergan to talk in a low voice. I held my breath, for est in the "Eta," who are the outcastes, or pariahs, I thought he was repeating some incantation that of Japan. These poor people are not distinguishwould tUrn us all into cats and dogs, or that would able in appearance from the rest of the Japanese. produce some other wonderful result. But noth- Their legal disabilities have been removed by the ing happened, and I went away much disap- Government, but there is little relaxation of the contempt with which they are regarded by their pointed." countrymen. Since they are constantly increasing Later Fukunaga got acquainted with the in numbers, wealth, and "class conscious" resent- preacher, who was a theological student from the ment at the social ostracism to which they are Doshisha, in Kyoto, the famous school founded by subjected, they are a growing danger to the peace Joseph Neeshima: Mr. Fukunaga did not remem- and national unity of Japan. It is said that they ber a single thing he taught, but he made a won- are more ready than any other class to lend a lis- derful impression for all that. "He was the first tening ear to socialism and bolshevism.

young man I had ever met who lived a clean life!" In spite of all the earnest and persistent evan- It was my business to tempt young men to vice, gelistic work which Mr. Fukunaga did for several and I did my best on him, but he stood firm. This years in the province of Oita, there was little perwas a miracle to me. I had no idea that there ceptible result. In Korea a Christian worker of were such men." this kind leaves a trail of converted villages be- Little by little, Fukunaga felt himself drawn to hind him wherever he goes. In Japan the diffi- the Gospel, although at first he only dimly under- culty of Christian work is very much greater, stood. It was as if God had stretched out His compared with Korea. The mass of Japanese still hand, and was firmly, gently, irresistibly lifting feel profound fear and hatred towards the Gospel him up out of the slime in which he lived. The of Christ. entire Bible was not yet translated into Japanese, but he secured one of the Gospels, and was fired Mr. Fukunaga later became a Bible colporteur, with the ambition to learn to read it. All the time and rendered excellent service. Later still he rehe was continuing to lead his sinful life. ceived some training and became an evangelist. At the time of the great eruption of Sakurajima, Finally, one day, the inward struggle grew too near Kagoshima, some years ago, large numbers much for him. He yielded himself to God, and of peasants were rendered homeless because the walked out of the brothel, never to return. There lava overflowed their fields. To these unfortunate he was on the street, with only a few pennies in people the Government assigned waste lands in the

AN EXPERIMENT IN. CHRISTIAN FRIENDLINESS

province of Osumi. As they were entirely with- giving them the .excellent advice with which his out religion, no Buddhist priest even caring to wide experience of the world and his native isolate himself among them, Mr. Fukunaga under- shrewdness supplied him, and making friends with took the task of carrying them the Gospel, and the children. He has thus succeeded in gaining a there he lives today. At first he was not a wel- foothold for the Gospel where probably no other come addition to the community. He had expected man could have done it. He has won the cona certain amount of opposition, but noticing how fidence of the people, and converts have rewarded terrified the people appeared to be for the first self-sacrificing labor. day or two of his stay among them, he inquired about the cause, and found that the immediate Cheery, patient, hopeful, brave, pure in life and trouble was due to a small quantity of brown conversation, having a heart full of love to God onions which he had brought for seed. The com- and man, the new Fukunaga stands in the sharpmon people of Japan are firmly convinced that it est contrast to the old. It is not without reason is a regular Christian practice to steal or buy hu- that he is a firm believer in the Christian docman livers and use them for medicine. These trines, especially in the new birth. The first time little onions looked to them like dried livers! I saw him I asked how old he was and soberly he answered: "Ten years old last spring." With such a situation the first thing to do was to win the friendship and confidence of the people "What do you mean by that?" said 1. "You seem by Christian living. It was no time for preach- to be at least fifty." ing, but for practice. He went about, talking with them in a friendly way, relieving their bodily ills "Oh, to be sure," he replied, "if you ask about with his simple massage and homemade remedies, the first time I was born, that took place more than fifty years ago; but that first time doesn't count. I reckon my life from the time I was born again."

An Experiment in Christian Friendliness , By MRS. EDWIN H. KINNEY, Chicago Secretary of the Christian Americanization Department, Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society T WELVE churches within one Baptist Asso- In so large a territory numerous tasks call for ciation in Michigan have carried through a a variety of talent. The use of a typewriter, abil- novel experiment in friendliness. The pas- ity in decorating, poster making, and managing tors and church members undertook together to games were a few of the ways through which the find out what Christ means for them in the com- cause of friendliness was served. One lady, not mandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- able to be as active but eager to work in a personal self." They recognized that he referred to no way, gave the daily use of her automobile for simple haphazard achievement. others to go calling, to attend meetings, and to transport foreign guests. The Secretary of the The territory of the Association covers eighty Michigan Baptist Convention drove one hundred miles in length. One evening each week for a and forty miles to take a party of Mexicans to a month, young and old, deacons, pastors, high nationality tea in one church, and to a prayer school stUdents, women's leaders, teachers and meeting in another. He does not speak Spanish pupils worshiped, talked, planned and played to- and not one of the people in his car could speak gether. They learned that friendliness can push English. But they worked out ways to cross the through age barriers, can cross the dividing so- language barrier. After that ride no doubt recial, educational and occupational lines. In ad- mained in the minds of the Mexican group redition to this All-Association evening each week, garding the approachableness of the Secretary they carefully planned activities in each local and his genuine appreciation of them. church-nationality teas; special Sunday morning services, sometimes with a speaker from out- Attendance increased at the weekly evening of side; midweek prayer meetings conducted by study and fellowship. The courteous attention Polish or Mexican or Russian Baptist guests. which marked the opening night deepened to an Frequently an interpreter was needed to translate earnestness, a longing to learn from the experithe words but there was never any need to inter- ence of others, a feeling of Christian fellowship pret their radiant faces. in the face of a common task. The evening meet-

ings opened with a brief wor:ship service and tries was a special feaure. The program opened closed with an hour of social games. For both of with everyone singing together What a Friend We these periods everyone stayed in one group. Then Have in Jesus, each person using the language the Secretary of the Christian Americanization most familiar. With the same variety in language Department of the Woman's American Baptist the song was followed by the Lord's prayer- Home Mission Society met with the pastors, while taught so long ago to non-English speaking disthe Missionary of the Department led the discus- ciples. This proved to be a happy reminder of the sion in the other section. Ignorance, the willing- fact that there is no difficulty over languages when ness to accept a passive well wishing as a substi- we come to the Father. tute for active good will, and everyday selfishness were discussed along with specific remedies pos- Then followed contributions from the various sible of immediate application. groups – music, vocal and instrumental, and a short play. A children's chorus, representing five The pastors' group took up the question as to nationalities, sang This Is My Father's World how the church can profit by increased friendli- and one of the pastors offered a prayer dedicating ness. After full discussion the idea of profit to the young life of the Association to a life of good the church was given up as a motive. Christian will. The national anthem of the Kingdom of courtesy was described as primarily concerned God, All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name, closed with the lives of people regardless of whether they the program. ever can or will do anything for the church. How the church can keep its true position in the loyalty There are three important results of the project. of its members without endangering loyalty to First, lessening of the feeling of separation, which God our Father, and His son Jesus Christ was one each of the churches had struggled under. These of the questions. churches are a cross-section of the Baptist con- stituency, English and foreign language churches, Much time was devoted to a consideration of large and small, city, village and rural. Informal ways in wliich active friendliness can be promoted acquaintance among the members has deepened among people of different national and religious the realization of how many Christians love the backgrounds. The more urgent need seemed to be same Lord and are eager to serve Him effectively. the choice of ideas and words with which to discuss religion or comfort in grief, meeting temp- Second, there is a better mutual understanding tation, or living without fear. Actual experiences between English and non-English speaking with those of Jewish and Roman Catholic back- churches. Several weeks after the conclusion of ground were described. There was no opportu- the month of Christian friendliness emphasis, the nity to establish confidence in a church and help pastor of the Russian Baptist Church came to the had to be immediate, specific, Christian and pastor of the nearest English-speaking church to warmly personal. discuss the problem of his Russian young people. He realized the inadequacy of his own church pro- At the end of the four weeks it seemed natural gram and he wished to see if the program of the to have a social gathering at which each person English-speaking church was adapted to his was tagged to indicate what language or lan- young people. Together they sought a solution guages he spoke. Eleven nationalities were rep- for the problem. resented. Of the five hundred present over one hundred could qualify for more than one tag even Third, there is an increased willingness to use though English was not always included. An ex- Christian friendliness as a way of finding life hibit of articles from thirty-three different coun- through losing it in the service of others in the name and spirit of Christ.

EXAMPLES IN MISSIONARY GIVING 1. A lady sent a conditional gift for $10,000 in the name of her sister who had loved the work of missions throughout her life. This investment will yield good returns.

2. A friend turned his life insurance and accident policies into an annuity gift at his death, to furnish a safe and high-yield income to his widow through her life.

3. Every family in a native Christian community in West Africa, is giving one month's aver- age income to support their church budget, the hospital service, their schools, and one full quarter to their missionary work for others in greater need.

4. One church, finding it necessary to decrease the missionary gifts in its budget, at once voted two special occasions in the year for extra offerings for missions.

"Reichskirche" in the New

r- By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author of "Missions in India," etc., etc.

WE ARE living in Germany through a spiritual movement, has been appraised quite gen- quiet and bloodless yet thorough-going erally, particularly because the promise was defi- revolution with kaleidoscopic changes in nitely pledged that this unification does not change the situation almost from day to day. As a whole the denominational status.

the American public is better informed on the The gigantic task before this "Reichskirche" is daily events than the average German, as free to win back the estranged masses to the church. publicity is not allowed under the present condi- In the United States, according to a generous tions. I can only attempt to give a bird's-eye view statement, only about fifty per cent of the popof the main spiritual forces remolding the church ulation have any connection with the church. In life in Germany today. Germany-except the few millions of dissenters- The National Socialist revolution faces great all belonged nominally to the church, were bap- possibilities and gigantic difficulties. Adolf Hitler tized as babies, were given a thorough religious is attempting a reconstruction or regeneration of instruction and have been confirmed at fourteen.

the nation on the basis of Volksgemeinschaft, Many of them have maintained a very loose conthat is an altrustic fellowship of all nationals in a nection with the Church during the rest of their common social, national, economic and racial re- life. Yet about four-fifths of the population have construction under the overruling principle of become spiritually estranged from the Church, leadership. Hitler's aim is to fit together all na- and materialistic philosophy has planted into the tional resources in this gigantic attempt to rebuild hearts of the millions of laborers an antipathy, if the broken down states on a basis quite different not hatred, to the Church which has been accen- from the liberal democracy of the Anglo-Saxon tuated lately by godless communistic influences. nations. His aim is to establish a totalitarian A thorough-going success in reclaiming these state, one in which aIr efforts in the diverse fields masses to the Church would be acclaimed with of religion, education, economics, politics and so- gratification. Three main difficulties stand in the cial life will be coordinated under one unifying way. There is a strong group of devoted, con- will with one preconceived goal. The Christian servative pastors who have cultivated the church Church is looked upon as the soul of this totali- life for generations on the basis of the Bible as tarian state, to supply it with the indispensable interpreted by the Lutheran and Reformed con- religious and moral stamina. This definitely is fessions. Six thousand pastors have united as part of Adolf Hitler's program. an emergency federation of church leadership, The first step for its realization was the unifica- and offer formidable opposition to the "German Christians." It is said, perhaps not without reation of the twenty-eight territorial churches into son, that this group of the Church Christians or one united "Reichskirche" which is supposed to be "Young Reformers" have inherited achievements an independent church with scarcely more legal connection with the State than the free churches with little likelihood that they will succeed in of America. In Germany there is little of the reaching the estranged masses. Some of them widespread denominationalism so well known in may be regarded as reactionaries and opponents the United States. Thirty million Protestants are of the Hitler state-a very awkward position al- enrolled in the so-called "United Churches" (that most regarded as high treason. is churches in which Lutheran and Calvinistic The ruling group, or "Faith Movement of Gercongregations were united in one administrative body more than one hundred years ago). There man Christians," is hardly more than two years are also eight million orthodox Lutherans, two old, yet it has developed an unusual organizing power and has usurped a seventy-five per cent million Calvinists and other groups of Episcopal majority in all synods, church courts and other Methodists, Baptists, United Brethren, Christian official positions. They form an easy majority in Science, Mormons and others. This unification in the church, and their idealism and a strong power one "Reichskirche," though not the result of a leads them to make the best of their commanding [91 ]

position. Their program is good and the buoyant mind and soul of the ancient past is becoming vital nationalistic enthusiasm sweeping through all dis- again. Philosophers of the nationalistic move- tricts and classes calls for a similar movement in- ment will argue that after all the racial character side the Church. It is working according to the of the nation is finding its genuine expression in principle of communicating test tubes-when the definite types of ethical ideals and of national cus- water is rising in one tube it will rise correspond- toms and later superimposed religions, such Chris- ingly in the connecting tube also. tianity in the Teutonic tribes, have either subli- The great danger is that this spiritual revival mated that indestructible national ethic or have under nationalistic influence may mean a "nazi- seriously impaired and crippled it. Nobody will sation" of the Church, a leavening of the church be surprised that in Germany flaming nationalism life with the ideas and ideals of the Nazi state. has shown a racial trend so that groups have Take for example the application of the Aryan emerged who longingly look back across and be- paragraph to the pastors and other officers of the yond the Christian era to the almost forgotten church; or the attempts to dissolve Christian vague past. The heroic genius of the Nordic race youth organizations into the political "Hitler has a curious attraction for many young Nazis.

youth" ; or the attempts to eliminate the Old There are plenty of types and groups of attempted Testament from the Bible or even the crucifix reconstructions of the ancient German past. The from the altar. These are extremist demands of aim of some of these leaders is to constitute this the radical wing of the German Christians and German neopaganism in one or other form as they have already resulted in splits of the move- "the third confession" with equal right and possi- ment. Evidently the way of the German Chris- bilities side by side with Roman Catholicism and tians is not clear. Protestantism. It is not easy to say what is the These various groups are maintaining their relation of Christianity to this modern national church connection and are basing their program socialistic view.

on Christian foundations. Yet in a nationalistic These are some of the perplexities of the situa- revolution of such thorough-going character as the tion of the "Reichskirche" in the modern national National Socialist movement, it is easy to see that socialistic State. We are living in a period of more radical revolutions may develop. There are thorough-going revolution. Changes are as rapid enough parallels in other countries. In Persia as surprising, and everything seems to be in a the nationalism has attempted to revivify ancient state of flux. Yet after all the religious tradition Parsiism; in Turkey the legendary "grey wolf" of two thousand years of church history and the is getting new sympathies. Usually the religious memory of the Reformation is strongly in favor conceptions are lost sight of in the ethical move- of the decidedly Christian and Evangelical char- ment. The subconscious ethical structure of the acter of the German church of the future.

HOW A GREAT WORK BEGAN The Rev. Charles H. Posnett, the Medak missionary who has had such a remarkable work among the caste people of India, tells the following story: Miss Harris, on a jungle expedition to villages in Hyderabad State, encountered a very old man begging her to do something for a sick man on a litter. No response had come from years of work in that district by Dr. Posnett, his sister and Miss Harris. Here was a man dying of cholera. She reasoned: "If I do any- thing for him and he dies people will say that I have poisoned him."

Nevertheless she did not resist the call of human need. She tended him, knowing he was dying, doing all the disagreeable things a nurse has to do for a cholera patient there in the jungle. The villagers came around and, pointing at her scornfully, said: "She must have been a scavenger" (the lowest occupation known in India).

The man died, and Miss Harris received no thanks from anybody. She was avoided and criticized and thought, "I have done more harm than good." But six months later the old man came to see Dr. Posnett and called to his memory that night: "I heard the scornful remarks about her being a scavenger. It was wonderful that she should go through all that to help my son who was dying. I have now brought all my family. We want to have the religion that could make her do that."

That was the beginning of the great mass movement in which these Indian outcastes have become so sure of Christ that they are making a tremendous impression on caste people so that they too are coming to Christ. They see that the outcastes who become Christians have the same principle of life and service as Miss Harris revealed.

Dnyanodaya.

Indian Ashramas*

-o!fl By N. }OARDAR, M.A., Lucknow Coll.g. II~ A SHRAMAS are growing in number in India. Our society is full of ills out of gear. Its prob- In 1930 I heard of seven of them; last April, lems are many and complicated. Their solution I came to know of nineteen, of which eight presupposes close observation, collection of facts, are only a year old. What makes them grow so analysis, formulation of a hypothetical solution fast? What function do they discharge? and then bold experimentation. It needs above all In ancient India, the ashrama denoted the four- clear, sincere thinkers who have a message to give.

ford division of ljfe-studentship, householder's But a man who has a message to impart has to life, retirement, and life of sharing and teaching. accept the twofold challenge of the day; firstly, After initiation, at the age of eight or ten, boys he has to demonstrate that it is practicable; sec- repaired to the house of a teacher and lived the ondly, he has to prove that he is sincere. The life of discipline, controlling their tongues, stom- former implies that he should show the usefulness achs, and arms. Spending at least twelve years in of his message by trying it, with a group of peo- the guru's home and vigorously studying the dif- ple under more or less normal social conditions, ferent branches of knowledge, the youthful stu- while the latter involves that the preacher him- dent left the gurukul to marry and start life on his self must practice what he is willing to preach.

own account, while the more studious ones kept on If the first condition is not satisfied, the message following their lone quest. is ruled out by the sceptically minded as fantastic The Aryan householder, in the second stage of and when the second is not fulfilled, the charge of life was enjoined to live not for himself but for insincerity is brought to the door of the preacher.

God and His creation. When his children grew The institution of the ashrama lends itself to the up and were able to take care of themselves, he re- effective preaching of a message today. The entired with his wife from the active management of thusiastic earnestness of the people who gather in his home to the outskirts of the forest to watch the an ashrama together with that of the people who actions of his offspring and pray for himself and come to share, insures the condition of sincerity, the world. while the scrutiny of a strong group, along with This life of watching and praying in the third the practical success achieved in the working of stage was succeeded soon by the fourth when the the program in an ashrama, satisfies the ques- Aryan retired with his wife to the heart of the tion of practicability. Thus people who have a forest to live in leafy huts, meditating and impart- message to give start with an ashrama today. ing truth to the friends and students who gathered round him. Tagore has one at Shantiniketan, Gandhi at Sa- barmati, Aurobindo Ghose at Pondicherry; Va- This was the conception of the ashrama in the swani at Rajpur; Jack Winslow at Poona; Stanley heroic age of India. It expressed a view of life J ones at Sat-Tal.

which was ultimately based on spiritual values. An ashrama is not a medireval monastery. Its Life spent in the forest was the climax for which usefulness in the modern world increases with the every other stage existed. Naturally, within a emphasis it lays on practice along with the inshort time, the word ashrama came to indicate the tellectual comprehension and mental vision of the fourth stage in life, given to quiet meditation and solution of a problem. An ashrama should deal realization of God. In course of time, the mean- with real problems, with the whole of life. The ing took a material form and came to denote a danger is, the ashrama has a tendency to assimilsylvan retreat, a place of meditation. ate to the old monkish ideal of asceticism and monasticism which has to be closely guarded When I think of an ashrama, I look for a place against. Withdrawn from the work-a-day probof quietness and natural beauty for they induce lems of life, absorbed in the contemplation of abcontemplation and thought of God. But more than struse things, the pull towards medirevalism is that I think of an eager band of people who are great. The ashrama should face the real probgiven to that form of life. It is the human interest lems of life as the corrective to this gravitating that dominates my conception of an ashrama.

• From The Indian Witness, August 3, 1933. force .

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No ideal "is greater than the ideal of building itual values. It is above all a place of ceaseless the Kingdom of God in the world. It challenges prayer and infinite strivings. our artistic, scientific and commercial activities, both social and personal. It calls forth all our How is an ashrama to be financed? An ashfaculties to examine the different values of life. rama ought to be self-supporting and self-propa- It deals with real problems. It gives scope to the gating. But in the beginning it has to be endowed. dreams of a visionary and the practical idealism A few acres of land should be an adjunct to an of a far-sighted statesman. Above all, it is the ashrama. The inmates should work. " Some will center and core of the teachings of Christ. farm, some will teach the children, the rest will do some other useful work in the colony. The The building of the Kingdom of God is to me ideal ashrama is a self-contained unit. It should the ideal that should be kept before every ashrama. be able to supply the simple needs of the colonists A group living together, accepting Christ as the as far as possible. It may even supply the wider center and measure of things, and trying to solve needs of other people. No work is unwholesome the problems of life as they present themselves, to an ashrama. Every work is God's work if based honestly and courageously, in the light of the on spiritual values. The ashrama should preach teachings of the Master-this is the vision I have the dignity of labor and spiritualize it. of a Christian ashrama. Now comes the information that Mahatma The ashrama not only deepens one's Christian Gandhi's Ashram at Sabarmati has been disconviction in life, but it also effectively spreads it. banded, without any previous warning. No ade- It is an instrument of evangelism. It has been quate reason has been given and it may be taken pointed out already that the acharyya (instructor) for granted that Gandhiji has reached the conreflects the glory of the master. People, corning clusion that at present this Ashram served no very in touch with Christ and in contact with one an- well defined purpose. Gandhiji has been able to other, kindle the flame of their lives and grow in spend very little time at his Ashram for a number spirit. Thus the ashrama colony soon becomes of years 'and it is impossible for anyone to cona tingle with a new light, a new vision. Life be- duct an Ashram effectively except the one who gets life. It never remains confined within nar- has been led to found it. Many are willing to imrow limits. The spirit of the ashrama spreads. mitate Gandhiji in his every attitude and action New conversions are made; fresh groups are but imitation does not produce life. formed. Thus the ideal of building a newer and braver world progresses. Thus an ashrama effec- This act will be a severe blow to the Ashram tively evangelizes. method of social and religious work. Mr. Gandhi himself has said that he expects each inmate of The evangelistic method of an ashrama is con- his Ashram to become "a walking Ashram." centric. The message goes from the leader to the These 'walking Ashrams' are to be responsible for group; the group spreads it to newer and wider "realizing the Ashram ideal" wherever they may circles. The message thus spreads in ever-widen- be. He also is reported to have said that breaking ing circles. This is the special method of India up the Ashram and scattering the members abroad and probably has a justification in the considera- "would be greater incentive to greater effort, tion of methods of evangelism in this country. greater dedication and greater sacrifice." Does Hinduism is deeply entrenched. Thousands of this mean that his Ashram has been a school for years have encrusted its shell. Whirling cam- training and that now those who are trained need paigns produce a ripple on the surface in India; no further guidance but are to be sent forth to and soul remains undisturbed. Qualitative work exert their influence upon others by "realizing the is needed to effectively preach the message, spe- Ashram ideal"? If, as we have been told, the cially, to the educated upper classes. An ashrama Ashram method is a complete answer to all our problems in social and religious work, then w~ is a helpful instrument in this respect. may well ask why the premier Ashram should be disbandoned. An ashrama is thus a colony of men and women, living in a quiet place and solving the problems Service is not primarily a matter of technique of life as they arise in their lives. It is a place but of self-sacrificing devotion. Plenty of folks in where frankness, sincerity and humility are the the world are willing to run around seeking new essential conditions. It is a powerhouse of intel- and miracle-working methods. The sacrificial delectual and spiritual strength that flows into hu- votion which has produced results in the face of man lives when they are surrendered to God. It unlimited difficulties is what the world needs tois an abode of peace where nature brings quiet- day as it has always needed. The 'Ashram ideal,' ness and beauty to enrich human conceptions of the 'Ashram method,' are nothing in themselves life and death. It is a place where the daily prob- when separated from self-sacrificing devotion that lems of our world are lifted to the plane of spir- is not concerned with imitation or with popularity.

Ways of

rr'ested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,–=–==–===—=================~,,~ A SUMMONS TO THE The Atmosphere ment or a side room of the PRAYER LIFE Ruth Esther Wheaton, writ- church, offers a resisting barrier The approach of the World ing in The New York Christian to the sense of worship. When Day of Prayer (February 16th) Advocate under the caption of that is true, bring in rugs, floor brings us anew not only to the "Think on These Things," says: matter of adequate preparation lamps and flowers to make the for that service and for mission- "In planning the devotional ary devotionals in general but to service, the leader should re- place more attractive. Then the paramount necessity for member that women' coming undergirding all our endeavor from various types of homes have lighted candles on the table with prayer. The dynamic of bring diversified experiences to or a picture of the Christ or the meeting. Their minds are some symbol to focus the atten- tion and lend help in guiding the thoughts.

the Master's life, the practice full of their own affairs. Some The Music through which He invariably come flurried and out of breath tapped the reservoir of power trying to keep up with an over- "Music is a rich medium for for service or redemptive suffer- crowded program. Others are helping to create atmosphere.

ing, must not be allowed to de- filled to the brim with thoughts Quiet music may be employed generate into an accepted form of their aches and pains, real with telling results as an apfor opening a religious meeting and imaginary. A few may or shunted into second place carry in their hearts ill will and proach to the devotional lesson whenever life crowds heavily resentment more fatal than the to further the mood and the deupon us. Our present spiritual ill health. . . . . . . If the spiritual sire for prayer. A wise choice depression has a complexity of needs of this group are to be must be made of the hymns to sources, but the tap root of them met, the women must grow calm be sung. Every devotional servall is the neglect of the practice and relaxed. Rushing into the ice should be built around a of the presence of God. The devotional hour with no prep- theme, with all factors in accord combined creative activity of all aration of the heart and mind so that there is some relationthe political economists in ship between the different parts Christendom cannot bring real will leave them mere listeners or of the devotions. Hymns should prosperity amidst this tangle of onlookers. The task is to unify be selected that will aid in the problems old and new until we the thinking of this group and to carrying on of the thought. open the clogged channels of di- bring a sense of the presence of vine wisdom and power to blaze God, which after all is the real · ….. Last – minute hun tin g a trail to a more Christlike social purpose of a worship service. through a hymn book for a song will seldom result in a happy "A reverent atmosphere is es- order. Why talk of restoration sential. But this atmosphere is contribution to the program.

or return of prosperity? We an elusive thing. It is sensitive. · ….. Very often our singing is never have been a "Christian It is subject to change. It is meaningless because we have nation" or had a social order re- perishable. . ….. If it is pro- dropped the stanzas containing motely approaching the ideals of tected and not shattered by ir- the heart of the thought ….. .

the master Economist of them relevant matter it will adhere Sometimes a careless announce- all. This "new deal" will have and continue its inspiration in ment that we will sing the first to be prayed as well as planned memory. . ….. It is well to and last stanzas of a hymn may and worked through. So be it make a ruling that no one is to mean a repetition of the same clearly understood that none of be admitted into the room dur- words. . ….. We defeat one of the following suggestions for de- ing the devotions. If the meet- the purposes of singing if we do votionals will be more than me- ing is in a home where doors not use familiar tunes ….. .

chanical devices unless they are cannot be closed, let someone be 'Study the hymn book' is sound energized by spiritual power and stationed at the outer door to advice to the devotional leader.

met half way with the recep- warn late-comers to be silent. · ….. Prayer hymns make an tivity of recognized need for "Sometimes the meeting place, effective beginning for the Divine Wisdom. if it happens to be in the base- prayer season."

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Planning the Meeting dramatized, if reverentially han- 3. Why? The Wise Men, to wor- dled. A correspondent writes: ship; the frightened disciples, for A service leaflet by the Wom- safety; the lepers, for healing; the Wanting to feature the book "Prayer sisters, for comfort; the thief, for an's Board of The United and Missions," by Helen Barrett Mont- salvation; Simon and his companions, gomery, we selected five women to rep- for others. They had already found Lutheran Church says in sub- resent, respectively, the Spirit of Mis- Him for salvation, for healing, for sions, the Spirit of Service, the Spirit safety and companionship. Now their stance: of Love and the Spirit of Prayer. To quest is for another purpose-for make attractive tableaux, they were others. Their first word on finding "Choose carefully those who simply draped in white, light blue, Him is, "Master, all men seek Thee." take part in the program. corn color, rose and lilac or grey re- spectively. The Spirit of Missions Having found Him daily for our Prayer week is not a place for summoned the others to give a record own comfort, companionship and heal- of the women of the churches during ing, we need most of all to find Him practice. The feeling of un· the past year in their endeavor for for others; for consciously or uncon- missions. The Spirit of Giving told of sciously they do want Him or what He broken "together-communion" is the League of Tithers, of sacrificial only can give. We are in danger of giving, drives and other ways of rais- neglecting this as we rush from one helped by omission of names of ing missionary funds. The Spirit of meeting, conference, committee to anindividuals giving word and song Service described White Cross work, other, forgetting in our multiplicity missionary boxes and barrels filled, lo- of occupations that we must follow messages. Have printed slips cal needs supplied, etc. The Spirit of closely ourselves if we would proffer announcing meetings or an- Love told of friendly contact with Him to others. That is what our mis- New Americans. The Spirit of Prayer sionary work means-Christ for nouncements after close of meet- very mee~ly said she could tell noth- others, in our home, our community, ing. Leaders making their own ing that she had done but wished to our country, our whole wide world. meditations and providing their tell what the Lord had done in answer This ideal gives a glow and a value to own material for prayer will to prayer, her part being gleaned from all tasks-raising money, reaching recognize the value of using the Chapter 3 of the book. Then she sum- strangers, teaching, awakening the in- Scripture given; of simple, di- moned missionaries, Orientals, etc., different-all efforts at extending His rect messages; of positive, con- who gave instances of wonderful an- Kingdom. structive material; of making swers to prayer taken from Chapters music and all parts of the serv- 4 and 5. At the close the spirits Making Money Talk ice into a unity; of reverent agreed that the Spirit of Prayer had rendition. Short periods of accomplished more than all of them Next to the matter of spiritual silence properly placed deepen combined could have done without her. enlargement, the greatest quesdevotional feeling. . ….. Pre- tion confronting our missionary vious to meetings, mail or deliver A Good Devotional Service organizations today is that of topic announcement slips to all finances. It cries out like a shut-ins. Urge them and all "Finding the Mas t e r" is hungry wolf at the door of every who cannot attend in person to abridged from a service of that board room and every treasread Scripture and pray daily title in a set of six devotional urer's office. Many who formerly during the week." outlines published by the Baptist stood like Gibraltar for spiritual- Board of Missionary Coopera- ized benevolences versus com- Miss Grace Jessop, of Petos- tion. It may be expanded into mercialized plans have apparkey, Michigan, sends this ap- an effective keynote talk or as- ently been driven into retreat by preciation of THE REVIEW: signed in its subdivisions to sev- economic necessity. It is not for "During the services on the eral speakers who furnish the· us to dictate the details; but we World Day of Prayer, to fill in entire program. can at least insist on giving a the empty spaces, we used ar- spiritual atmosphere and content ticles on the different countries Scripture: Mark 1: 21-38. for every device used in church from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 1. Where? The Wise Men found finances. The following excerpts magazines of last year, taken Him in a manger; His parents in the from. many sources may prove from the public library. As Temple; the lepers, on the common suggestive in accomplishing this. there were to be prayers for cer- highway; the disciples, on the stormtain countries, we would have a tossed sea; Mary and Martha, in their Programs on money in "The five-minute article on each of home of sorrow; the thief, on the Window of Y. W. A." (Young these precede the prayer. Many cross; two of His disciples, at a Women's Auxiliary) of the remarked that they enjoyed the humble supper table; Simon and his Women's Board in the Southern program." This is as it should companions, in the early morn a great Baptist Convention, mention the be – informed instead of rote while before day, in a solitary place, use of: prayers to conform with a pro- praying. Is there anything we need gram. Certain women's circles more in all our work than to find the Posters: "Money – a Force" follow the custom of giving out Master? -sketch of large pile of money a topic at each monthly meeting 2. How? The Wise Men found Him or cut-out pictures of same to be investigated or studied so by a long journey; the disciples by pasted on cardboard, with the that all may come to the ensuing fear of shipwreck; the lepers, wearily question, "What Can It Do?" meeting prepared to pray intel- waiting by a dusty roadside; the followed by time and place ligently about the person, field thief, in bodily pain and anguish; where one may find out. Or or movement to be considered. Simon and his companions, by follow- fasten a coin to a poster and ing after Him. Is there any way by print, "Is It Yours? Enter Devotional services other than which we as missionary workers can claim at (time and place)." those on the World Day of find Him save by following after Him? Prayer may occasionally be And is it not true that the closer we follow the more quickly and surely we find Him?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Programs: Three members Money" (Mary with her ala- ture, "The Hope of the World," give talks on "Money-a Force," baster box, the rich young ruler, this being also the subject of the a fourth impersonating money and the widow with her mite) ; sketch. Summoning boys and and being claimed in turn by the injunctions to giving, etc. Bible girls of Britain and a variety of three for evil, for good and for teachings about money might foreign lands, he appeals to them the Kingdom. Or a trial of center around the three ques- to spread the message of the picmoney may be arranged with ac- tions: ture in order to rally new workcusation that "money is evil" ers for the Lord Jesus Christ. and witnesses called for prose- "Why isn't this money in my While its music, I written in the cution and defense. Or have a hand mine?" English Sol – F a symbolism, debate on the proposition that a would be unfamiliar to us in Christian's use of money is a "May I not keep it stored America, its message is univerfair test of his religious profes- away for awhile?" sal and awakens hearty resp~nse. sion. Topics for elaboration The sketch is suitable for mismay be: "How must I give?" sion bands and Sunday school "Thought Questions" are con- (1) "How Money Talks," one sidered thus: gatherings.* A free program impersonator saying, "Hold me and I will, etc."; another, Turn out all lights except a on "The Band of Hope and the "Spend me for self-indulgence strong flashlight or spotlight World Outlook" gives excellent and I will make you, etc."; a trained on a blackboard or temperance programs for six third saying, "Give me away for poster on which the following months. the benefit of others and I will appear in turn, one minute bereturn in streams of spiritual ing permitted for consideration Capitalizing February: The revenue to your soul," etc. of each topic: month lends itself to services featuring patriotism, birthdays, (2) "Examining a S i I v e r If you ever have wealth what an adaptation of valentines, etc. Dollar" – explaining how the will you do with it? How do One missionary organization date on a dollar held up to the you know that you will ? writes that it held its February audience shows how many years meeting in connection with a have passed since Jesus came to Salvation is God's gift to you chureh dinner, with puzzles the world and gave the Great but its increasing value to you written in white ink on red, Commission; the word "liberty" will be largely determined by the heart-shaped cards and laid at suggests texts expressing Jesus' price you pay to demonstrate its the plates as ice-breakers and proclamation of liberty to those power in world salvation. relishes during the meal. The bound in sin; the laurel wreath puzzles were all based on the calls to mind the crown that Will you rearrange your life names of well-known missionshall not fade away; the words, activities, your expenditures, in aries of the denomination, little "In God We Trust" make us the light of the Great Com- clews or additional facts about think of "Lo, I am with you al- mission? the names played upon being way"; the eagle suggests those added. Here are some samples: For Christ's sake help thy fellow men, (1) One who makes bread. who shall have their strength re- And make thy gold thy vassal, not thy What is his field? (Baker, in newed day by day; "E pluribus India.) (2) Perhaps -long in unum" (from man y- 0 n e) king. Africa. (Dr. Katherine Mabie.) stands for the unity of all na- (3) A builder in stone. (W. G. tions in Christ; the bunch of Timely Tidbits Mason.) arrows in one foot of the eagle makes us think of the speed with The Christian Mission in The ensuing missionary toasts which the Gospel message should America, by Hugh T. Kerr were in valentine terminology. be broadcast; and the olive (cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents), The parallel between Washingbranch in the other foot typifies is characterized as "a great book ton and Lincoln, as American the way in which every Chris- for preachers written by a great patriots, and such world statestian should be a messenger of preacher." In addition to its men among missionaries as Livpeace. use in study classes and discus- ingstone, Paton, Judson, etc., is sion groups, it may well become easily worked out if the patriotic (3) "World Traveling Dol- the basis for sermons which aim keynote is to be taken. lars" would be a good topic for to present the great issues facan address on the fields to which ing the Church today, showing Growing Old our missionary money goes, or how the Gospel has transformed the manner in which it is sub- individuals and renewed society Let us grow lovely growing old; divided for the support of a co- wherever it has been presented So many fine things to do. operative plan. and "challenging the Church to undertake with deeper devotion Laces and ivory and gold and silks A good devotional service may and united strength the Chris- Need not be new. include Bible readings on the use tian mission in America." or abuse of money: "Three New And there is healing in old trees, Testament Characters and Their Rev. Watcyn M. Price, Or- Old streets a glamour hold; ganizing and Traveling Secre- tary for Foreign Missions in the Why may not I, as well as these, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Grow lovely growing old? has published a dramatic mis- sionary sketch for children cen- • c. M. Book Agency, Caernarvon, Wales. tering upon the celebrated pic- Price, three pence.

~' ~

i BULLETIN OF I I The Council of Women for Home Missions : I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK !

~"=============I~ Pray for the peace of Jerusalem. tenance. In the times of eco- By Courtesy of Religio'lS nomic depression, prayer for Are we praying for peace? these special groups of children J[o.t-ion Pictu'J-c Foundation. When? How? and young people has increased. The offerings have decreased YAKIMA RESERVATION, VASHINGTON Are we acting for peace? somewhat. It has been reported When? How? before in these columns how in captive orphan children of the some lands fruits and vegetables Apaches with whom they fought The Trail Is Beautiful. Be and the like ( … such as I have, and won. Papago mothers re- Still. I give you) have been dedicated ceiving the children and caring and then sold in order to realize for them made a song which The old man, with his face still the money gift. was: serene after years of hardship, smiled at his little Chipmunk. The four missionary enter- Men shouting "brother," "Repeat the words I have taught prises, thus maintained, are Men shouting "brother," you, shi yazhi. Repeat them Christian Literature for Chil- Among the mountains they have every morning when you greet dren of Other Lands, Christian the sun. Repeat them now." Service Among Children of Mi- taken little Apache children grant Laboring Families, Union where the sun went down in Na Nai said in a low voiee: Christian Colleges of the Orient, sorrow, and Religious Work in United All women, what shall we do to Put your feet down in peace. States Indian Schools. realize this? Put your hands down in peace. Put your head down in peace. THE INDIAN AMERICAN -Source Unknown. Then your feet are peaceful. TODAY Then your hands are peaceful. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE Your body is peaceful. We of the Church who work Your mind is peaceful. with the Indian Americans are How happy are the little chil- Your voice is peaceful. learning that ours must be a dren in our land for whom there For, my children, remember this, ministry to the whole person- are story books, picture books, The trail is beautiful. Be still. ality-the religious education of children's magazines and li- an individual is a process of braries; but in many lands there "Yes, the trail is beautiful," growth within. Our pattern for is no such provision for the hapsaid uncle, "even though there this is "the beauty and grace of piness of little children. So we are rocks which crush the seeker the Lord Jesus Christ." Weare who have known the joys of of light, reeds that cut him to working with the Indian as a libraries and books are providpieces, cactus that grows thick unified self, knowing that his re- ing for the publication of thirlike forests, to tear with its ligious education may not be teen magazines in eleven differthorns, and terrible boiling separated from his family life, sands that engulf. Even though his tribe, health conditions, opthere be dangers like these, still portunities for recreation as well the trail is beautiful." (p. 193.) as education, economic and mental well-being. As Protes- Quoted by permission of Longmans, Green tant groups we endeavor to make & Co., from "Dark Circle of Branches," b,' a united approach to Indian Laura Adams Armer. youth in the government day and boarding schools in a religious In the observance of the education program suited to World Day of Prayer, there is their various needs, and desires place for free-will offerings and dreams. which by agreement of church women promoting the observ- Sorrows of Mothers ance of the Day are designated for missionary enterprises, two Long time ago Papago Indian in the homeland and two in other warriors returned with little lands. This has been done for enough years to make each of [98 ] the enterprises dependent in part on these gifts for main-

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

GIRLS REPRESENTING NATIONS, DAY OF PRAYER, 1933 UNNECESSARY Taken in Front of the Church SUFFERING Dr THE PANJAB MISSION "The case that caused greatest concern was a little child of five Key to snapshot, reading from left to right: years of age. She had a badly contracted knee which was prob- Standing: England, China, Africa, South America, Japan, Europe, North American In- ably of tubercular origin. The dian, Islam (in burqa), Spain, India, knee had been bad for some two years, had only been to a doctor Seatecl: Maori, Eskimo. MRS. J. H. ORRISON. once when it started and he 'put medicine on it,' evidently to keep ent languages and many books been built; the colleges have in- it draining. The child could that the children in mission creased in enrollment and have scarcely touch her toes to the lands may have wholesome and broadened in scope. They have ground and walked with the aid helpful reading. Bible stories been strengthened by the leader- of a crutch that was about five are in demand. The children of ship they have produced. inches too short for her. An orthe Philippines want a maga- thopedic surgeon in San Franzine. The mothers of Persia are SCHOOL GIRLS IN INDIA cisco became interested when he asking for a manual on child heard of the case and arranged care. There are priceless oppor- Twelve girls represented the hospitalization for her. He tunities for the expansion of this nations. Each held in her hand agreed to do the necessary surwork. A book or magazine can a small candle. A large clock gery without cost to the parents. carry the Christian message face made of cardboard was set Everything possible was done to where a missionary cannot go. in front of the pulpit. On a save the foot and leg, but in table were set a small globe, an January her leg was amputated UNION CHRISTIAN COL- open Bible and a tall lighted above the knee. LEGES OF THE ORIENT candle. A bell was used to strike the hours. The minute hand re- "She came through the second The story of the Seven Union mained at twelve. At the stroke operation very well, but contin- Christian Colleges of the Orient of one on the bell the hour hand ued to run a temperature. An is well known to the women of was set forward to one o'clock examination revealed an abscess America, who have followed and the globe turned so that the in the other hip. The attitude with interest the organization of light of the candle shone on that of the family had been very fine the colleges, five of them during part of the world where the day war years and two as they have begins, the islands of the South CHILD OF A MIGRANT FAMTLY developed from high schools over Sea. A girl representing the San Joaquin Valley, 1933 a period of twenty-five years. primitive people of those islands They are graduating more than (Maori) with tousled out hair throughout. Since they have 200 young women each year, and and grass skirt, came forward left the camp, they have correthe influence they exert is felt and lighting her small candle at sponded with me and expect to throughout the Orient. the large one on the table, she go to 'peas' in the section where turned to the congregation and I shall be. What suffering could The story of the campaign said, "Jesus says, Follow Me." have been avoided if there had when the women ~ of America She then went and stood in front been a nurse to follow up the raised two million dollars and on one side, holding her lighted case two years ago!" claimed a third million from the candle. La u r a Spellman Rockefeller H. EVA BARNES, R. N. Fund to secure buildings and A few words, or some special equipment for these colleges is fact was mentioned about each equally familiar. The years country in turn, and short have passed; the buildings have prayers were offered.

young women were graduated letters have come expressing deep con-

from the Karen Woman's Bible cern for the cause and enclosing from Missions on the Air School more than 500 have fol- one to five dollars. lowed in their steps. During the A world-wide radio hook-up, last twenty-five years the num- 3. There were some large gifts. One destined to reach Eskimo land ber of b apt i zed Christians of $25,000 was made directly to the as well as the African jungle, among the Garos of Assam has board-$20,000 for the support of mishas been arranged in the inter- grown from 4,000 to 15,000. sionaries and $5,000 for an institution. ests of Christian missions in the There are now 325 churches Another friend gave $7,000; another Eastern and Western hemi- among these people. The Wom- $2,650. One person, not a Methodist, spheres. Four Protestant de- an's Hospital, Suifu, We s t sent $5,000. nominations – Baptist, Method- China, is 1,800 miles from the ist, Presbyterian and United coast and was established fifteen 4. Drastic reductions in expendi- Presbyterian–cooperate in Sun- years ago. It is estimated that tures during the year helped balance day night broadcasts on the 173,315 Chinese have come in the budget. Every missionary and fourth Sunday of each month, contact with this Christian in- every officer and worker at headquar- November 26 to May 27, from stitution. ters, in addition to drastic salary cuts, Station KDKA, Pittsburgh, (11: relinquished one month's salary. 30 to 12: 30 E. S. T.) Informa- Y. P. S. C. E. tion regarding missions is given 5. The closing of work, especially in to home constituencies and per- "There are over 80,000 Chris- Europe, has made it possible to sell sonal messages from friends and tian Endeavor societies in the property and apply the proceeds to relatives in this country are. in- world today," says Carlton M. previous debts. cluded to the m iss ion a r i e s Sherwood, general secretary, abroad. Each program is ap- "In the last two years 2,300 have On the mission field there has been proximately one hour long and been organized. China has 1,200. curtailment of personnel and of work includes a brief worship service, The number in New Zealand has to the point of slowing down the whole an address and messages to mis- increased ten f 0 I d in eight missionary program. At home an outsionaries. years." From the International pouring of generous gifts by churches Society's headquarters, there are and individuals, plus drastic cuts in Forty-nine Facts now being issued "Youth Train- expenditures, and considerable pay- ing Courses," covering not only ments of debts through property sales, The Northern Baptist Foreign the societies' technical methods are helping to win through with a bal- Mission Society has issued a but also "Recruiting youth for anced budget. folder containing 49 brief mis- Christ," "Recreational Leadersionary facts about their work ship," and "Social Issues"-love -The Christian Advocate. in distant fields. They report and· marriage, alcohol, race prej- 681 missionaries and 10,514 na- udice, the economic system, and NORTH AMERICA tive workers. Their churches in peace or war. non-Christian lands number 3,- The Menace of Communism 112 of which sixty-six per cent How to Balance a Budget are self-supporting. The total Communism's rapid developmembership is 328,126. There Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ment in the United States is not are still 610,000 villages in India corresponding secretary of the generally realized. So serious without a resident Christian. Methodist Episcopal Board of have been its political activities The American Baptist Telugu Foreign Missions, was asked that the House of Representa- Mission was established in 1835, what brought this Board within tives created a special commisand plans are being made for the reach of a balanced budget. He sion to investigate its character celebrating of the centennial. replied: and propaganda, and special There are 55,822 pupils under hearings were held in all parts Christian instruction in Baptist 1. Increased number of World Serv- of the United States. The Comschools in the Belgian Congo. ice offerings in the closing month of mission reported that "the sur- Last year 18,000 patients were the fiscal year. The October, 1933, in- est and most effective way of treated in Shaohing Hospital in come was only 6% % below that of combating communism is to give China. Since the first nine October, 1932. the fullest publicity to the fun- damental principles and aims of 2. A large number of people have the communists, which are the made small but sacrificial gifts. Many same throughout the world." These principles are: [100 ] 1. Hatred of God and all forms of religion.

2. Abolition of private prop- erty and inheritance.

3. Absolute social and racial equality; promotion of hatred of capitalistic classes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

4. Revolutionary propaganda, initiating positive action in the great Plans for Methodist Union stirring up communist activities work of proclaiming the Gospel of in foreign countries in order to Christ, and surrounding it with every Plans for the consolidation of cause strikes, riots, sabotage, circumstance of compelling, constrain- the three great divisions of the and civil war. ing, convicting and converting power. Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States are to be dis- 5. Destruction of democratic The primary furpose of this pro- cussed at the sesquicentennial at or representative governments, gram is spiritua enrichment through Baltimore next October. The including civil liberties, such as a unified effort without any i~crease Board of Bishops has announced freedom of speech, of the press, of machinery, personnel or budget. It plans for consideration of the of assembly and trial by jury. is an effort to use all the machinery proposal to merge the Methodist and all the forces we now have in our Episcopal Church in America, great denomination. the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Prot- 6. The final objective is by Back-to-Church Movement estant Church. Leaders of these means of world revolution to es- three branches and representatablish the dictatorship of the Under this name an organiza- tives of thirteen other Methodist so-called proletariat into one· tion has been effected with na- groups will attend the celebraworld union of soviet socialist tion-wide membership. Its head- tion, which commemorates the republics with the capital at quarters are in New York. It is founding of the denomination in a united movement of Roman this country by Bishop Francis Moscow. Asbury and Bishop Coke in 1784. In a word, its objectives are Catholics, Protestants and Jews, the abolition of other govern- and it has among supporters a Bible Society Anniversary ments, private ownership of large number of eminent minproperty, inheritance, religion isters and laymen in all these The American Bible Society communions, including s tat e recently celebrated its one hunand family relations. governors, congressmen and dredth anniversary of beginning -D. J. Fant. Bible work in China. During the other civil officials as well as last 100 years the Society has spent $2,897,383 in printing and Call to Spiritual Awakening leading ecclesiastics. The move- distributing 70,000,000 volumes ment is being publicized as "one of the Christian Scriptures in the Chinese language. A great spiritual awakening of the greatest efforts ever put throughout the Presbyterian forth by laymen in this country Dr. John R. Mott, vice-presi- Church, U. S. A. is the hope of in the interest of the Church." dent of the society; Dr. Eric M. the Presbyterian General Coun- The program of publicity in- North, one of the general secre- cil from a promotional endeav- cludes the use of the radio, daily taries, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of the or, launched by the Moderator, press, magazines, church peri- national committee of the Y. M. Dr. John McDowell, in a mes- odicals, street car signs, bill- C. A. in China, spoke at the an- sage sent to 10,000 ministers. boards and a national mailing niversary dinner. in New York. The message reads: seal symbolizing the Church aft- Dr. Koo, a Chinese Christian, er the manner of the Blue Eagle; said that Christianity had The General Council's suggested the seal will be distributed brought to the people of China program for the quickening and en- throughout the country for past- a vital and personal religion richment of the spiritual life of the ing on the back of envelopes. which made it easy to describe churches is the response to certain Mass meetings will be held in the attributes of the spirit or of challenging facts in the present situa- many of the large cities. God. tion which are of vital importance to ministers of Christ, to the Church we -Presbyterian Banner. Indian Century of Progress love, and to the Kingdom we serve. A Presbyterian Merger Prompted by the Century of First, the supreme need of the hour Progress in its portrayal of the is spiritual power. Other needs, great The plan for the merger of past hundred years' achieve- as they are, sink into insignificance the Presbyterian Church in the ments, Miss Lucille Dewey, Bap- beside this challenging and imperative U. S. A. and the United Presby- tist missionary at Carson Indian need. It is true that our age has more terian Church of North America School in Stewart, Nevada, has comforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it is making definite progress. This been trying to discover the prog- has more ease, but it lacks peace; it plan will involve a combined ress of the Indian 'people in Ne- has more science, but it secretly hun- membership of 2,200,000. Rep- vada and the neighboring terri- gers for God in Christ. resentatives of the two denomi- tory during the last century. nations will suggest amend- They have changed from wan- Second, the time has come when as ments to the plan before it is dering tribes, living wherever a Church we must heal our divisions, voted upon at general assemblies food, water, shelter and friendly combine our resources, and unite our of each church in 1935. The relationships with neighboring forces in a unified, cooperative effort merged church is to be named to meet the spiritual needs of our day. the Presbyterian Church of North America. No changes Third, the present situation consti- are to be made in the form of tutes a great trumpet-call that is bid- government, in the spiritual • ding all who care about the present ideals or in doctrine, discipline world-wide crisis to rally to Christ, or worship. bidding them renew their hope, en- thusiasm and power at the one great Source, and then throw themselves heart and soul into a deeper and larg- er spiritual ministry for the regenera- tion of the individual, the nation and the world.

This is preeminently a time for tak- i)1g bol<1, strong, vigorous steps; ;for

peoples made it expedient, to a first or second grade. This esti- responsible for fine weather; people established in fairly per- mate was made two years ago and an evil one, who brings manent homes. Once the Indian by an American expert at the about bad weather and epidem- worshiped God as a Great Spirit request of the government, and ics. The Goajiras do not believe revealed through everything in since then the situation has be- that these spirits have any influ- life, and surrounded by many come even more serious. ence on their personal lives. As superstitions. Now the majority The Presbyterian Board of they never pray to them or try in this state have received the National Missions operates nine to propitiate them these spirits fuller revelation of God in the schools in Cuba, all being day can hardly be classed as gods. Bible and in Christ. Many have schools, with the exception of La They believe in a life after death, accepted Jesus as their Saviour Progresiva at Cardenas, which but not in another world. The and have left their old supersti- has a boarding department dead, they believe, continue to tions. The progress at the Car- drawing from the whole island. wander about the country they son School is shown by seventy- A reduced budget necessitates have lived in during life, but in six girls and boys who accepted curtailment, and the little school an invisible form. Christ as their personal Saviour at Sagua la Grande, with an enand were baptized. Formerly rolment of 70, has been closed. -New York Times.

only a few of the older children -Presbyterian Advance. Varginha Field, Brazil went to town to take commun- Varginha is the commercial ion, but last year nearly every Believers in Honduras and geographic center of a vast Protestant child abo v e the fourth grade took communion. On October 1, 1933, the small area in the southern part of the Some are inquiring what they .group of believers at Brus, Hon- great State of Minas Geraes, may do to help their own race. duras, were constituted a Chris- East Brazil, and has a popula- There has also developed a high- tian congregation. Two adults tion of approximately 250,000 and seven children were bap- people. A Presbyterian missioner standard of morality. -Watchman Examiner. tized, and two more adults ad- ary, A. L. Davis, writes of the mitted by confirmation. Of these progress and the needs of this The Negroes Progress four adult communicants two field. "Until 1921 there was no resi- For the past ten years the can read the Scriptures in Mis- dent missionary in this l;Lrea; kito. As yet there is no church general mission boards of all de- building, but a "doorkeeper" has some of the principal towns renominations have been gradual- definite responsibilities, seeing ly withdrawing white superin- that the place of meeting is ceived an occasional visit from clean; that there are enough missionaries and native pastors. tendency from missionary work seats; that Christians come to Twelve years ago there was only done among Negroes, as it was service clean in body, with hair one organized congregation and combed and, as far as possible in one Sunday school, belonging to felt that the best way to develop present circumstances, in suitleadership among the Negroes able clothing; that behaviour the "Christian" Church. Our during services is reverent. Still (Presbyterian) Mission was was to place on their shoulders later, the eight, communicants, the burden of responsibility. The with two from San Carlos on the asked to take charge of this Wangks River, one from Kruta, latest federal.census figures de- and one from Kaurkira, met for work and now we have three clare that the professional group the first celebration of the Lord's church buildings with organized Supper at Brus. congregations, eight Sunday among Negroes now numbers 104,711. This group is made up -Moravian Missionary. schools and abo u t twenty preaching points. Ten years ago of 54,439 school teachers, 25,034 Indians with No Religion ministers, 10,583 musicians and there was not more than six be- It has often been said that teachers of music, 5,728 trained even the most primitive and sav- lievers in the town of Lambary; nurses, 3,805 physicians and today we have a church with a surgeons, 2,146 college presi- lot on which to build a manse. dents and professors, 1,746 den- The adult membership of the tists, and 1,230 lawyers, judges church is 101, and 77 children and justices. were baptized in infancy. Two – Watchman-Examiner. years ago the Gospel had never LATIN AMERICA age of tribes have their religion, been preached in Dores da Boa but the Weston-Carr expedition, Esperanca. Now there are now exploring the Goajira Pen- twelve baptized converts, a large Cuba's Need for Schools insula in Colombia, has reported number of catechumens and Cuba, in the midst of political that the Goajira Indians have no scores of persons are regular in strife and economic depression, evidence of religion. They not their attendance at church and is not advancing rapidly with only have no priests, temples nor Sunday school services. Almost her educational problem. Only idols, but they reveal nothing as many towns and villages are 500,000 of her 'million children akin to these religious essentials. without the Gospel as those that of school age are enrolled in any They do believe in the existence hear it occasionally." -The Presbyterian. school; 250,000 of those are in of two spirits; one good, who is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

EUROPE while another is stationed at Too Late Coming Bourgas on the Black Sea. Oth- Anti-Religious Congress ers work chiefly from village to Writing from Lusambo, Bel- village, on foot, with a donkey gian Congo, Rev. J. J. Davis, During the past summer there to carry the books. missionary of a g r 0 u p of was held in Paris, France, an churches in Kentucky and North Anti-Religious World Congress, -Bible Society RecoTd. Carolina, sends home this chalattended by 2,700 delegates from lenge: France, Spain, Holland, Bel- Russia and the Bible gium, England, Russia, the We must, as good soldiers of Christ, United States, and several South In the 1933 Report of the Brit- follow up the brave efforts of pioneers American republics. It was re- ish and Foreign Bible Society, who have gone before, and open the ported that there are now 1,800 under the title "Russia and Si- way for the evangelization of this peoanti-religious newspapers pub- beria," is the statement: "Once ple. Lift up your eyes and look upon lished in the world, 21 of which again we must report the impos- a hundred thousand souls with eager are issued in France; also that sibility of any circulation of the faces begging for the saving Gospel in the last few years the mem- Scriptures in Russia. As stated of Christ, thousands of children, who bership of these various anti- last year, it is illegal either to have no day school, to say nothing of religious organizations repre- print or circulate the Bible, or a Sunday school, thousands who have sented in this congress had in- indeed any religious book, in the been caught in the grip of unknown creased from five and a half Soviet Union. Though unable to diseases. millions to thirteen millions. work in Russia, the Bible So- ciety widely circulates the Scrip- Sometime ago a big, fine-looking Revival Gains Momentum tures among Russians in the young man sat on my veranda and Baltic States, in Poland, in startled me as he put the question In the Drone Valley of France, France and wherever Russian "Why did you people of God not come where the population is predom- refugees are to be found." to us sooner?" And before I could aninantly Protestant, is a some- swer he said, "My father used to say what loosely organized group of Its former reports show that that he believed there must be a great Protestant pastors and congre- in European Russia, for 1913. Creator back of all the wonderful gations. ·The chief town is Dieu- over 521,000 copies were circu- things we find in this beautiful world, lefit ("God Made It"), founded lated; in 1912, over 510,000; but my father died in the dark and by Huguenots. About ten years and over 482,000 copies in 1911. went out into the unknown world withago a new interest in religion out ever hearing of Christ the Saviour began to spread, originating in -The Presbyterian. of all mankind." regular monthly meetings of the pastors, most of them young AFRICA -Congregationalist. men in whose hearts was a deep longing for the power of God. A Challenge to Witch Doctors Endure Hunger for Christ The revival began in one village and spread rapidly to others. The Christian Council of the Sixty teachers who came into An annual convention has been Missions of West Africa are of- Mondombe, Central Africa, for established and a Bible school fering a reward of fifty dollars the "ekitelo" brought with them founded. Much attention is giv- to any witch who can eat a pa- 252 enquirers, many of them en to the distribution of evan- paw at a distance, remove an ob- young boys, some older men with gelical literature, and districts j ect from a locked box, or their wives, and one grandfafar removed from the Drone change anybody into a fish, bird ther. All have lived with, or Valley have been greatly influ- or beast. They hope to demon- near, teachers of their villages. enced by the movement.-Life strate that these witches are ut- and all the younger ones have of Faith. terly powerless to do what they been in school. Each afternoon claim. -Indian Witness. they were given special training Bibles for Bulgaria and later were examined by na- In God's Debt tive elders to be sure that they The eight colporteurs of the understood what they had been American Bible Society who When the church records in taught. One hundred and ninework full time in Bulgaria con- Tondo District, Belgian Congo, ty-five passed this examination tend with a great variety of ob- were read, Martha Nzali Nkoi and were baptized. The others stacles and persecution. In spite was mentioned with the nota- were advised to return with of modern railways they must tion: "In debt to God for twen- their teachers. use other means of travel in or- ty-seven months." During all der to reach all parts of their that time she had contributed Many enquirers came long disfield. One works exclusively in nothing to the work of the tances and could bring little food Sofia, another chiefly on trains Church, and it was considered with them, so at the end of the and at railway stations, thus time to count her out of active first week they began to commeeting people of all classes; fellowship. She was accordingly plain of being hungry. Local suspended until she squares her gardens could not supply food account. for all this crowd, so the elders were asked if it might not be a – Watchman-Examiner. good thing to advance the date set for baptisms, and allow them to go home at the end of the first week rather than the second. They replied that they would

think it over and announce their bearing the provisional name of tine. A million dollar Y. M. C. A. decision at the evening service. Universite. The old teaching in Jerusalem was dedicated It was decided that the baptisms body was discharged on July 31, during the Easter season. Jeruwould take place on the day scarcely a third being retained. salem now has paved streets, originally planned; they said, "If Thirty-eight foreign professors postal delivery, British police, there is anyone here who cannot were added, mostly of wide rep- traffic officers and a few buildendure hunger for two weeks for utation. At the beginning of ings with central heat. The Iraq the sake of the Saviour he is not every year each professor is Petroleum Company is rapidly worthy of baptism at;ld his faith bound to deliver a lecture sum- laying its pipes from ancient would not last if he were bap- ming up all the progress made Nineveh across the desert to tized." Not one left. in his particular field throughout modern Haifa on the Mediter- the world during the preceding ranean. Ten thousand men are -World Call. year, and to add his personal at work and are receiving large criticism. The new university is wages. A splendid harbor at Day of Prayer, South Africa composed of faculties of letters, Haifa is nearly completed. law, medicine and science, of the The following call to prayer schools of dentistry, pharmacol- A recent census of Palestine from the Prime Minister of the ogy and foreign languages and reveals that whereas Canada, Union of South Africa, was pub- of the institutes of Islamic re- during the years 1906-1911, lished among official "govern- s ear c h, Turcology, national added to her population at the ment notices" emanating from economy and socialogy, geog- rate of 298 per 10,000 every the department of the Prime raphy, morphology, chemis"try, year, Palestine surpassed it with Minister dated September 8, electro-mechanics and the Turk- an annual increase of 354 per 1933. ish Revolution. 10,000. The recent census re- corded a population of 1,035,821. Whereas most serious conditions -The Near East and India. Of these, 759,712 are Moslems, prevail in various parts of the Union 174,610 Jews, and 91,398 Chrisin consequence of the continued St. Sophia's Ohristian Art tians. The ancient sect of the drought and depression; Samaritans now numbers 182, Revealed an increase of 30 since 1922. And whereas an earnest desire Since 1922 the urban population widely exists that under the circum- The w 0 r k of uncovering of Jerusalem has increased by stances the people shall appeal to the Christian mosaics has been go- 44 per cent, Jaffa by 59 per cent, Almighty; ing on in the mosque of St. So- Haifa by 104 per cent, Tel Aviv phia, Istanbul. In two years the by 202 per cent. And whereas the Government, after whitewash and painted decora- -Dr. Zwemer, in The Presbyconsultation with the chief represen- tions which pious Moslems tatives of the principal churches, have spread over the Christian sym- terian. decided to call the people to humble bolism after taking possession prayer; of the former Christian edifice, School Proves Its Worth had been cleaned away from a Therefore I appoint Wednesday, large section of the walls by Although character building 20th September, 1933, (and for American director of the Byzan- is the chief aim at the Presbytechurches or congregations unable to tine Institute of America. Much rian Mission School in Hama, participate on that day, Saturday, more surface remains to be un- Syria, it was the only school in 23d September, for Hebrews, and Sun- covered, but the area now re- the city where every student who day, 24th, for Christian congrega- vealed presents a wide expanse took the recent government extions) to be observed as a day of hu- of extraordinary beauty and his- amination passed. One of the miliation and prayer; and I invite the toric significance. boys was given the highest ratpeople on that day to beseech Al- ing over students of other mighty God with the greatest possible In bringing to light these mo- schools. One of the girls in the unanimity to give relief from distress, saics, Mr. Whittemore is seeking highest grade conducted a vacaand further to evince towards Him to preserve what is left. He has tion Bible school in her home vilthat sincerity and humility, and to- had the constant support of the lage. Her father told a missionwards their neighbors that spirit of savants and rulers of the new ary that while his daughter had justice and love which He requires of Turkey. Ghazi Mustapha Kem- been the least promising of the us, and which alone can exalt our aI, President of Turkey, is fol- family who had gone to school, nation. lowing the work with keen inter- she had returned much more de- est. veloped than any of the others. -Presbyterian Advance. The formal unveiling of those -Presbyterian Advance. WESTERN ASIA already uncovered took place on November 5. INDIA Turkey's New Universite Palestine Today Unrest and Disconte~t The reorganization of Istanbul University is the most recent It is often stated that the de- One of the ablest of Indian of Turkish reforms. A Swiss pression has not reached Pales- women in active political life educator, M. Albert Malche, was called to Turkey as advisor, and acting upon his recommendations the National Assembly passed a bill abolishing the existing Is tan b u I University (called Darulfunun) and replacing it with a new institution

1.'9'34] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

·during the past few years has Definite Advance a fool to speak His name ir- been Mrs. Kamaladevi Chatto- A study of the latest census reverently. – padhyaya, who presided at the report for all India gives cause third Conference of the Youths for encouragement. The figures -Christian Intelligencer. ·:of Berar on Oct. 7. In her ad- for one decade are: dress she said: "Today, politi- Month of Special Evangelism 'cal unrest in India is greater, Hindus ……. 239,195,000 ++106..42 and economic distress keener. Jains ……… 1,252,000 The Met hod i s t Episcopal The bitterness and discontent Buddhists ….. 12,787,000 +10.5 Church has had encouraging rehave sunk deeper, but due to va- Sikhs ……… 4,336,000 sults in a month of special evanrious circumstances the fire ++33.9 gelism throughout India. For burns silently within, waiting to Parsis …….. 110,000 7.8 example, in round figures, 800,- burst forth into gigantic flames Moslems …… 77,678,000 +13.0 000 people have listened to the shaking the country with a vol- Christians …. 6,297,000 Christian message; 13,000 are ~anic fierceness." Jews ……… 24,000 +32.5 under instruction; there were Tribal …….. 8,280,000 +10.9 1,900 baptisms; there were 3,900 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has -15.3 professed conversions; 1,200 written three articles, published were received into full church inmost of India's leading pa- Encouragement is confirmed membership; and 42,000 Gospel pers, in which he advocates by such facts as (1) a growing portions were sold.

movement of cast-people towards Jesus Christ, a movement in- itiated not only by Indian work- throwing over the present social, ers but also by the compelling A Bible Woman's Examination economic and political system. influence of the transformed "Class warfare outside, with characters and lives of out-caste Who can measure the influence hunger and want as its driving Christians; (2) the increasingly of an unlettered Bible woman as force, and furious discord with- pervading influence of the prin-· she goes about telling the life of in;..is the prospect he opens up. ciples of Jesus upon many pub- Jesus and His atonement? A But he does not take into account lic movements in India; (3) the missionary was examining a that if the religious, social, eco- ever-growing number of those group of these women, among nomic and political systems are who make Jesus Christ their them one with very little educaall overthrown simultaneously, moral example, though remain- tion. She could write very little, the people of India would re- ing outside the Church. so was given an oral examinalapse, at least for the time be- tion, for she was earnest and ing, into the nomad stage from -The Presbyterian. very anxious to pass. She was which it has taken long centuries asked to relate the story of the for mankind to emerge as or- Non-Christians Revere Christ trials and crucifixion of Jesus. ganized societies. She told the story in the simple, Dr. Robert E. Speer tells of :l vivid manner of the Indian peo- -Dnyanodaya. Bar Association banquet at ple, but when she came to the Delhi attended by all the lawyers 'Moral Evils in India of that city, all Hindus"":"not a climax and was describing the Christian in the group. Christ on the Cross, she broke The Bombay representative down and sobbed. When she Christian Council passed a num- They had engaged a j ester to could speak again she said, "I ber of resolutions at its meeting entertain them and he was doing don't care if I never pass the last October. Three of these so by making jokes about the examination. I cannot tell more. protest against present-day de- escapades of the .traditional gods He died for me!" moralizing tendencies. (1) In- of the Indian people, at which dian motion pictures should be sallies the lawyers roared with -Woman's Missionary Friend. laughter. Soon the actor made censored by the government to a joke about Jesus Christ, but Possibilities of the Radio prohibit films that exhibit or nobody laughed. At the second 'Suggest obscenity, murder, rob- such remark, there were mur- Mr. J. H. Whitley, at one time bery and other degrading fea- murs of dissent. Finally, the Speaker of the House of Com- tures of modern life. (2) A man ventured a third "wise- mons and more recently Chair- protest is made against immoral crack" involving the name of man of the Royal Commission and obscene literature and pic- Jesus, whereupon the diners on Labor in India, declares, that tures exhibited for sale in shops arose from their seats, seized if some friend of India would and bookstalls. Christian lead·· him by the collar, ushered him vouch for broadcasting, covering ers are asked to take steps to to the door, and kicked him down 500 villages a year, he would do instruct their Christian commu- the stairs. more for India than by found- nities in social hygiene and in There was not a Christian in ing half a dozen universities.

the basis of moral health for the the crowd, but the character, Authoritative figures are given individual, the family and for personality and teachings of the showing that the whole equip- the community. (3) A resolu- Master had created in the hearts ment to cover 1,100 Indian vil- tion was passed against gam- of these Hindu lawyers such re- lages would cost only £43,000.

bling and in favor of adequate spect and reverence for Jesus If each village could have a very education as to its evil influences. Christ that not one would allow simple receiving set the ad-

vantages from the viewpoint of "There are in India about 300 been some marvelous delivereducation, entertainment and medical missionaries, almost all ances and many instances of government publicity, would be of them with the highest med- great bravery and loyalty. incalculable in their effect on ical qualifications. They staff When life runs smoothly a man India's 353 millions of people. 250 mission hospitals, and about does not realize what Christ 300 dispensaries. About 180,- stands ready to do for Him. It -Dnyanodaya. 000 in-patients are treated every is when we are baffled that year, and about 2,560,000 out- Christ shows His possibilities, if Caste System patients. In the fight against we will only give Him a chance." leprosy and tuberculosis mis- A thesis presented to Cornell sions are especially prominent. -Christian Advocate. University's Graduate School They maintain 11 tuberculosis lists the following objections to sanatoria, containing a total of Trouble in Fukien 'the caste system as found in 580 beds, while in the whole of North India: India, there are only 1,220 other The Nationalist Government beds for such cases." Dr. at Nanking early in January re- (1) Its segmental division of so- Moller emphasized the fact that quested foreign powers to withciety is fixed by birth, and does not attendance at all religious meet- draw their nationals from dantake account of individuals of differ- ings and devotions is entirely gerous zones in Fukien Province ent ablities born into the different optional. – The Presbyterian. to places of safety. castes. (2) Its hierarchy fixes the Brahman at the apex and the un- CHINA AND TIBET Most of the 144 Americans touchable at the base, irrespective of living in and near Foochow, the individual 1. Q.'s. (3) Its food tabus Hope Amid Difficulties capital of Fukien Province and and pollution by touch prevent inter- center of a revolutionary movedining and a free intercourse of hu- Addressing missionaries and ment against the Nanking Govman beings who may be intellectual members of the Methodist Epis- ernment have moved to Nantai equals, as in the case of a low caste copal Church in China, Bishops Island in the South Min River, man with a Brahman intelligence. Herbert Welch, John Gowdy and but many of the missionaries are (4) Its civil and religious disabilities C. P. Wang sent the following remaining at their posts in prevent men of all castes from mixing letter on September 14: Futsing, Han Kong, Haitan, freely in the use of public services. Pinghwa, and Sienyu. They do (5) Its lack of choice of occupation "During the past year our not ask for Government protectakes no cognizance of potential skills Church in China has faced diffi- tion. of various kinds of a given caste, but culties almost too great for huarbitrarily fixes the occupational man endurance. Through the Newspaper Evangelism status of each by birth. (6) Its mar- Japanese advance into North riage restrictions prevent intermar- China, thousands of people, in- A China Inland missionary riage on the basis of intellectual cluding many of our own mem- reports in The Presbyterian: equality. (7) Its religious sanctions bers, have been rendered homeoffer nothing for those born in the less. There has been great dev- The work of newspaper evangelism lower castes in this life. astation and suffering in the in Central China has continued and wide territory flooded by the God has used this means for spread- – Congre gationalist. Yellow River.. In Southern ing the Gospel and the salvation of Kiangsi our people have lived in souls. There have been over a hun- Evangelism in Telugu Area constant fear of communist in- dred responses to the daily tract vasion. In Szechuen the civil placed in the paper, and several de- Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dorna- war has continued, and to main- cisions for Christ. Some have gone kal, reports a week of united tain the warring parties the peo- away but three have enrolled as enevangelistic effort in the Telugu ple have been taxed almost out quirers and are preparing for baparea last May, in which the of existence. Within the past tism. Two of these, one a teacher of Anglican, the Methodist and month practically all the terri- English in a law school, the other a S. 1. U. C. Telugu Council tory of our Yenping Conference Middle School graduate, were conunited: "Altogether 2,480 vil- in Fukien has been seized by templating suicide when they read the lages were visited during that Reds. Pastors and church mem- tract. Both are, we believe, genuinely week by 23,567 Christian volun- bers have been driven from their converted. The latter, a young man teers. Of this number 20,932 homes and left utterly destitute. of twenty, has broken with his past were lay members. This figure There have been many deaths sinful life, and has been enrolled in represents about one-sixth of and at this present writing the Bible School. His change of life the total baptized community. many families seem to be hope- and disposition, keen delight in God's The total number of people who lessly separated, perhaps lost. Word, readiness to testify, all point heard the Gospel during that Once again the missionaries have to a definite experience of salvation. week was reckoned in hundreds had to flee from Yenping. He has yielded his life for God's servof thousands. Nearly 60,000 ice. The tract that arrested the handbills were distributed, 8,560 "In the midst of all these un- teacher's attention is on the Lord's Scripture portions and religious speakable difficulties, there have Second Coming. This doctrine has books sold, and 341 new villages become the most precious truth in asked for Christian instruction." this man's life. The contract with the same newspaper has been renewed for -Dnyanodaya. another year.

Medical Missions The Way Out Dr. C. Frimold-Moller, speak- Dr. T. T. Lew, of the faculty ing at a Calcutta Rotary Club on of Yenching University, Peip- Medical Work in India said: ing, recently said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

China is in a panic. There have to see Christian institutions," is a church of 265 Russian mem- been great failures in education and and during a two-year period 236 bers in Harbin. They have en- democracy. Militarism has eaten into tourists took the mission tour dured serious privation, and the life of the nation. Young people in Peiping, as well as ten United their condition has been aggra- are cornered in their thinking. Some- States Army officers and their vated by the flood of a few how we are all wrong. We cannot families, and six others. The months ago and by the preva- save ourselves. vVe are helpless. The itinerary includes hospitals and lence of war. The world-wide first requirement of religious educa- churches, schools and kinder- economic depression has also af- tion is the willingness to learn. The gartens, industrial work, a bean- fected Manchuria. In Sinkiang Chinese people are now in that mood. mil k station for mothers and there is a Russian Baptist com- babies, and at certain times emer- munity of over 600 refugees. The experiences of recent years gency institutions for wounded They were, according to the last should lead us to confession and re- soldiers through a visit to the report, settling down and en- pentance of many ways in which we Y. M. C. A. recreational hut and deavoring to find a living in the have walked. a Red Cross hospital. The Chi- country. The Baptist World Al- nese feast arranged at the con- liance is in contact with both When some mission leaders are will- clusion of a tour, usually by the groups, and has been able to ing to be taught of God and not of Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A., pro- transmit a certain amount of big business magnates and unevan- vides an opportunity to meet and money from contributions given gelical specialists, confidence will be talk with some of the finest Chi- specifically for their assistance. restored and progress made. nese Christians. Mr. Pyle says, "My faith has been strengthened -Baptist Missionary Review. Whether Chinese or American, if in the interest of American laywe will humble ourselves truly in the men in missions." A layman Forty Years in Northeast Tibet sight of the Lord, he will lift us up. from Wellesley Hills said, 'When I left home I was skeptical of In the nineties the Christian -Presbyterian Advance. foreign missions. India partially and Missionary Alliance occu- converted me. Now I am com- pied a section of northeast Tibet, Retrieved from Communism pletely sold.''' but such intense hostility was encountered that the only con- Dr. Hugh L. Robinson, of -Foreign Missions Bulletin. tact maintained was at Tao- Tunghsien, North China, tells in chow; and until about 1920 only the Congregationalist of a plan Self-Support in Annam slight impressions were made that is full of possibilities. He upon nomadic Tibetans who says: Self-supporting churches are came to Taochow to trade. A increasing in Ann a m, Indo- second period, extending to Last week I went to Peiping to at- China. During 1932 seven mis- 1927, was marked by the arrival tend a meeting of Christian leaders. sion churches graduated in t 0 of a number of reinforcements A dozen counties in central China this class; 17 outstations be- designated specifically for Tibethave been recently retrieved by the came independent churches, and an work, and the three lamasery central government from communist seven new outstations have been centers of Labrang, Hehtso and control. Mrs. Chiang Kai-shek, a ope ned by the independent Rongwu were opened as regular Wellesley graduate of a third-genera- churches themselves. On Janu- stations; while what may be tion Christian family, has suggested ary 1, 1933, 55, or more than called the third period of work that the National Christian Council half the churches in the entire on this border had its beginnings organize and execute a rural recon- field, were under native church when the Chinese churches in struction plan for the area-a study government. In these years of southwestern Kansu were orof land tenure, agricultural improve- unemployment and deficits fif- ganized on a self-supporting ment, organization of cooperative teen new church buildings have basis, thereby releasing workers credit societies, dyke repair, adult been put up by Annamese Chris- and funds for Tibetan work. At literacy campaigns, better communi- tians.. The Annamese National present, the Alliance Mission occations, village industries, epidemic Church Conference, which met cupies three additional points, control, recreation. She has held a at Faifoo, in May, pledged it- which are suitable centers for series of conferences with Christian self to raise funds and sen d work among the nomads. Itinleaders; the University of Nanking Annamese missionaries to the eration is carried on from all will be asked to help with the pre- tribes people, and the Cochin- these points, all of which is a liminary survey; and a local commit- China District Conference took seemingly fruitless undertaking, tee is already outlining plans. The its first ann u a I missionary since in all the territory newly Christian churches of China will be pledge for the same work of opened and worked in the last asked to spare some of their most evangelism. -So S. Times. ten years there is not a single experienced personnel if this work is open believer among the Tibetundertaken. This great opportunity Russian Baptist Refugees ans. Beyond doubt there are has been presented to the Church be- some secret believers and many cause in no other organization can be Groups of Russian Baptists interested ones. The odds are found the experience in doing these are located in Manchuria and in against those who openly confess things, the personnel who know how, the province of Sinkiang. There Christ .. and the devotion to the task.

Mission Tours in Peiping Rev. Stephen D. Pyle, pastor of Union Church in Peiping, reports on mission tours for tourists in that city, arranged for round-the-world travelers who wish to see something of missions in action. A printed sheet announces, "Peiping American missionary groups offer opportunity to S. S. Lurine tourists

JAPAN Nations, he maintained, and is As in an age of railroads, automobiles and flyi~g machines, we have scrapped Kagawa and Kingdom of God not to be isolated from other na- palanqUInS and horse carriages, not Movement because they are bad, but because tions. Here he emphasized the be~ter conveyances have come into eXIstence; so ethical and religious need at this critical time for systems implying special and heredi- tsaerrfydomprivainldegems,assc-iagsnteo,ranacbesoaluretismn~ Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa has not leadership of the right kind. longe~ suitable in an age of liberty, equalIty and fraternity. Our motto abandoned the Kingdom of God "Unless," he told Doshisha stu- m1:1st always be: "Behold, I make all Movement. While he is disap- dents, "the leadership comes thmgs new,t (Rev. 21: 5).

pointed that the churches have from students such as you who not accepted a "broader eco- ~re .for~unately studying in an mstI~ut.IOn where there is an apnomic outlook" and social vision preCIatIve understanding 0 f as. a part of the program, this wester n ideas and c uerlteur~eayespbe~e faIlure has challenged him to cially American, th Clubs for Korean Children make further experiments in dan~er of our nation returning Children's Bible Clubs have Christian cooperative and re- agam to the age of feudalism."

formative enterprises. He has -Overseas News. flourished until there are now 13 been encouraged by American such schools in Pyengyang and friends and supporters whose How Is Christianity in Your a half dozen more similar schools contributions have enabled him Country? in other places with an enrol· to undertake these projects and So asked a young Japanese ment of over 2,000 poor children. woman of an American college at the same time to give :Uuch sister. "Is it," she further mOf1.. thi sI. work F rancis Ki ynaslnegr,' queried, "treading an ascending ss o,r; a r in Pye ng time to the interdenominational or descending curve, measured ~ in the degree of faith and enevangelistic campaign of which thusiasm of your people com- wrItes: SerVIce for others is pared with, say, fifteen or ten he was the founder though never years ago 1" The world's worst emphasized, and this year there enemy in the opinion of this the official leader. Japanese girl student is "a mer- developed a work of charity for cenary spirit sweeping all over In recent months funds from the world." She declares that the poorest class of people in the "men and nations are forgetabroad have so fallen off as to ting God and trying to wor- city. The coldest day last ship Mammon." And she comes make necessary some drastic ac- firmly to her conclusion that winter it was suggested that our ti~m on Kagawa's part to save "unless we repent our sin now and humbly return to our God Club rooms be used to shelter hIS own institution. He has the world will be wrecked and our civilization totally wiped beggar boys over night. So our therefore been obliged to decline out." This from Christian Nippon. -Overseas News. leaders and children scoured the to travel and speak widely for streets and by evening had seven the Kingdom of God Mhiomvseemlfentt~ and instead is giving such boys, an old drunk – who writing, public lectures and would have frozen to death if other emergency measures to left alone-and an aged grand- support these projects of social mother without food.

and economic reform so vitally "In one place we found a a part of Mr. Kagawa's Chris- young man forced to beg for tian faith. He is still interested some time past who lived in a in the Kingdom of God cam- one-room hut with three beggar paign, though much less active boys he had already accumu- than formerly. lated, and he had a Bible and a hymn-book for his furniture.

Japan a Mediator? We proceeded to put our seven Japan as mediator between Mixturing Religions beggar boys with his and they East and West was a dream of the late Dr. Inazo Nitobe. Ad- Says a missionary of the Re- passed the winter in our beggar dressing Doshisha University formed Church in the U. S.: stud~nts he declared: "Weare home in charge of the Christian a mI~ed rac~. . . . .. Being thus a n~tIOn whIch represents in its beggar. Government officials racIal blood practically all of the ra.ce~ of the world, the great . As tar as our knowledge of condi- have commended us for the good mISSIOn of Japan should be world-wide in significance. Ge- tIons In Japan goes, native Christians work we are doing." ographically we are of the Orient; but psychologically we do not concern themselves particularly -Presbyterian Advance. are nearer the Occident. The mission of the Japanese race is about salvaging the useful elements to act as the mediator between the Orient and Occident." Ja- in the religions they have atbhaenidronneed~ ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC p~n, thou~h o1:1t of the League, finding all needed good in Nguna Church stIll remams III the family of faith. The fact is that seemingly i~entical ideas in the minds of Chris- tIan~ and, no~-Christians upon care- The mission cishuthrcehcaetntTeralfooa~ f1:11 mvestIgatIOn prove to be radically New Hebrides, dIfferent, because of the implications.

After all, pagan pantheism and Chris- the Nguna mission work of the tian :rheis~, though caP!lble of being Presbyterian Church of New combmed m a mechamcal mixture, Zealand. It was erected by the cannot coalesce after the manner of a chemical compound. The man-cen- late Rev. Peter Milne in 1897 tered, prudential, hedonistic morality with accommodations' for 600 of paganism will not fit into the same worshipers. The people not only s~he!lle ~it~ the God-centered, altruis- tIC, IdealIstIc morality of Christianity. helped in the building, but made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

7,000 pounds of arrowroot to black art. In that village also right type of literature to this pay the costs. two women and a girl, sitting in intelligent and eager people.

Rev. Frank Paton gave the the same house, suffering from They have sent a call to Amerifollowing description when he sore eyes and unable to attend ca to aid them by sending them visited Nguna in 1913: "In the the meetings, sent for the old books to be read and enafternoon we had a service in teacher and requested him to joyed-good story books, discusthe b e aut i f u I cathedral-like write down their confession of sions of present day problems, church at the Nguna home sta- sin, to be read before the con- religious books, classics or books tiim. There was a large congre- gregation. At the close a chief on handicrafts and popular scigation, and the singing was led assembled all the people in the ence. Magazines are also of by a woman who is paid the church grounds and earnestly value if they are of high type. magnificent salary of five shil- exhorted them to heed what the The enthusiasm with which lings a year for this service. The preachers had said. . these books will be received can Nguna people are a fine race, and -Missionary Review (Aus- readily be appreciated from the the Gospel has done much in tralia) . report of the secretary of Chris- elevating them intellectually and tian Literature Committee of the spiritually. They have also a At a Fair in the Celebes National Christian Council of very fine record for native the Philippines: teachers, and many of them have A Missionary Alliance worker laid down their lives on foreign in Makassar, Celebes, describes "We have received no books soil for Christ's sake and the a "Pasar Malam," or Night from the States for more than a Gospel's. Fair, held in Makassar, each year. We have had many re- afternoon and evening for two quests for books which could not -On Continent and Island. weeks. be filled. When I was on the truck going to Malay-balay, I fell into New Guinea's Needs We rented a lot, erected and dec- conversation with a young man, orated a small booth, and got ready and happened to say something In New Guinea there are at for business. Our students went all which gave him my name. Imleast 300,000 souls who have not around the grounds spreading tracts mediately he began to thank me yet heard the message of the and books written in eight different for the books which I had sent love of God in Jesus Christ; languages, English, Dutch, Malay, to him, saying that they were probably it will be found that practically the only books in his there are half a million, as there Makassar, Boegis, Arabic, Javanese part of the country, and that is a very large area not yet and Chinese. All the missionaries everyone had read them, and he visited by white men, and there took their turn selling literature; but had read some of them several is no means of knowing what most of the work was done by stu- times."

the population is. In large areas, dents from the Bible School, hence it widow strangling is still prac- was a real indigenous work. ticed, and it is even dangerous During the fourteen days thousands for white visitors to venture. attended the fair, coming from miles Churches are urged to set As late as 1926, four innocent around. Approximately fifteen thou- aside one Sunday when they will white men were slain by primi- sand guilders (about $9,000) was taken in for entrance fees alone. We receive books and forward them tive Nakanai natives.-The Missionary Review (Australia). sold over a thousand Bibles, Gospels post-paid, to the nearest mission and religious books and distributing board depot: nearly ten thousand tracts. Manyop- The Philippine Book Depot, The portunities were offered for personal American Board of Commissioners of witness. Foreign Missions, 14 Beacon Street, Team Work in New Britain Books for the Philippines Boston, Mass. The Philippine Book Depot, The A series of evangelistic serv- In the Philippine Islands a ices were held last year through- great amount of money and ef- Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign fort has been expended on edu- Missions, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

The Philippine Book Depot, The out the Kabakada Section of cation. Thousands of people are United Christian Missionary Society, New Britain, with some success Missions Building, Indianapolis, Inin soul winning. Later it was being taught to read annually, diana. but the tragedy of the situation resolved to make use of outstanding cases among those re- is that they have little or noth- Christian Literature for Dyaks ing to read. Many are too poor cently led to decision, by letting to buy books, others live in iso- The sea Dyaks of North Borthem accompany the preachers lated sections where books are neo have practically no Christo give their testimonies. Up-to- hard to get. As a result there tian literature in their own landate, about a dozen of these team is a tendency for the people to guage. Until recent years they missions have been conducted, slip back into illiteracy. And the had not even the Gospels and two villages usually coming to- missionary movement is missing Prayer Book. These they now gether for the purpose. the opportunity of bringing good have, and to them is being added At one place, notorious sor- influences to bear upon these a Dyak version of Pilgrim's cerers and others, to show the people through books. Progress, illustrated by draw- genuineness of their repentance, The National Christian Coun- ings from photographs taken in made away with all the para- cil of the Philippines sees a Sarawak posed by the Dyak peophernalia connected with their great opportunity to furnish the ple. -Lutheran News.

~'~.========~~~~~===-~=============I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information @~(iAi ~I'~===============================I~ 1 China Year Book, 1933. Edited by H. church members and 60 per cent go in 1889 and went to Africa in G. W. Woodhead 8 Vo. 786 pp. $12.50. U. S. Agents. University of the teachers are Christians. 1892. Preaching, teaching and of Chicago Press. 1933. It is surprising that there is healing lead to conversions and congregations and schools were China not only offers the di- no mention made of Cheloo Uni- established. This is a stirring versity of a continent in climate, versity, only two lines of ref- narrative of miracles of grace. resources, customs and condi- erence to Peking Union Medical There are also stories of hunttions, but also contemporane- ing and travel adventure. The ously presents the stages of College and no reference to Mo- account of "Bwanika, ten times progress as seen in ancient, hammedan uprisings in Kansu a slave," is worth repeating. medireval and modern civilizations. This wide variety, the since 1906. There is much land in Africa rapid changes and the great im- The Year Book is carefully yet to be occupied for Christ and portance of Chinese affairs few missionaries cannot reach makes an authoritative year compiled and especially useful millions of the unevangelized. book essential to all who wish to and rich in information on mat- When Mr. Campbell proposed to keep informed. In this fifteenth the people, among whom he had issue of the Year Book, many ters of politics, trade and finance. worked for seven years without Chinese have collaborated – in- The personal notes on "Who's a convert, that he would leave cluding Dr. M. T. Z. Tyan, Dr. Who in China" cover sixty and establish a station in an- S. G. Cheng, Mr. C. C. Hsiang pages and include over 600 other place, the chiefs had a and others. The topics treated pow-wow and then one of them in the twenty-seven chapters and names of Chinese leaders, "cour- arose and said: tesy names" and English render- ings but it would be useful also to state their religious beliefs or affiliations and to include more of the Chinese women leaders.

six appendices number over 400. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. By Du- "White man, all you say is They range from general statis- gald Campbell. F.R.G.S. Map true …… but you do not know tical information as to the coun- and Illus. 8 Vo. 228 pp. 3s. 6d. everything. Listen. Since you try and people, to products and Pickerin~ & Inglis. Glasgow. 1933. came among us, and as a result trade statistics, public health, The Bantu-speaking people live of your teaching, the secret sopolitics, the Japanese invasion, in South-Central Africa, a land ciety camp has been broken up. finance, education, international for the blazing of trails. Dugald Children are no longer taught relations, justice and religions. Campbell is a pioneer, a Scotch- those evil things as before. No, Two pages are devoted to Con- man, one of the Brethren who teacher do not leave us; we do fucianism, Taoism and Bud- went 'out to Africa nearly forty not yet understand the meaning dhism, forty pages to Roman years ago with Fred Arnot and of your message. When we do Catholicism (with a large sta- Dan Crawford. The other two we will believe. You have been tistical chart) and five pages to well-known pioneers have been among us only seven years. I Protestant Missions including called Home but Mr. Campbell have finished." Mr. Campbell one and a half on the Laymen's still carries on his pioneering. did not leave and from that time Report. The Protestant statis- He is now connected with the saw a great change take place tics are not up-to-date, as the National Bible Society of Scot- and soon there were conversions. figures go to 1925. Conditions land and has recently completed Pioneering is difficult but it conhave greatly changed since then. a trip across the Sahara Desert. tinues to bring worthwhile re- Aspects of growth noted include His story of pioneering, told sults.

the work of the China Christian in the present volume, relates in Home Missions Today and Tomor- Council, the "Five-Year Move- the main to his early experiences row. A Review and For.ecast. Edited ment," Dr. Stanley Jones Evan- by Herman N. Morse. 8 vo. 419 gelistic Campaign and extracts in Africa. They are well told and well illustrated with photo- pp. $2. Home Missions Council from. the Laymen's Commission graphs. He describes the days New York. 1934.

Report. Of the 4,516 students of deep ignorance, slavery and This volume is the result of a in mission colleges, and tech- cannibalism, the witch doctor, united study of the progress, nical schools, a little over one- sorcery and crude customs. the present situation and the third are reported as Christian Mr. Campbell heard the call to next steps to be taken in home Any of the books noted in thesll columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[110 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

mISSIOns. It is the most valu- offer a detailed program for the The Finality of Jesus for Faith. By able general study of the subject solution of the modern problems Alexander Martin, D.D., LL.D. Pp. in recent years. First the re- of slavery, prostitution, bootleg- 217. $2.00. T. & T. Clark, Edinport sets forth the true aim of ging, intemperance, g r aft, burgh. Charles Scribner's Sons, home missions as "the effort, in racketeering, capital and labor New York. 1933. the Spirit of Christ and in ful- problems and international filment of His Great Commis- strife. Jesus Christ presented Principal Martin of New Colsion, to win to Christian disciple- the truth and the Way of Life lege, Edinburgh, entitles these ship of the people of North which, if accepted and lived will lectures "An Apologetic Essay." America and to christianize the transform our relationships to They deal with the problem of life of our nation." Over four God and to our fellow men. The the "Christian Faith and Hishundred pages follow to set Kingdom – or God-ruled life- torical Relativity," with five forth the scope, the agencies and which He presented, He also striking chapters on Jesus, the the special fields of the enter- made possible by a divine dy- Rabbi, the Messiah-Son, the Sinprise; the program and policy namic. Purity, self-control, less one, the Saviour and the of the work, the outlook and pro- truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for Judge. Their method is described posed program of home mission the benefit of others, are the in Dr. Martin's words: work. foundation principles of His Kingdom. No attempt has been made here to As Livingstone said of the re- define the person of Jesus. The maxlation of the geographical feat Prof. Taylor presents the im adopted has been the sound metato the missionary enterprise, so principles clearly in their rela- physical one that a thing is what it the end of the review and fore- tion to industry and he gives an does, and the functions which He fulcast is the beginning of the new abundance of facts which should fills have been taken as a sufficient missionary forward movement. be taken into consideration in clue to His significance. So construed Here are the facts in regard to the adjustment of labor difficul- He is found, unless the whole histor- ,agencies, finances and plans, the ties. Wage conditions are per- ical records are not merely worthless general surveys of the various plexing and agreement between but intelligible, to assume supremacy fields and projects – Alaska, capital and labor and consumer in the spiritual order of life. West Indies, Indians, Mexicans, is difficult but adjustments must Orientals, Mormons, Jews, Ne- be made with a view to justice Dr. Martin handles the recgroes, New Americans, Moun- and the promotion of human wel- ords with great critical freedom. taineers, cities and rural areas. fare. The greatest difficulties Indeed one wonders what is left The problems relate to intellec- are due to selfishness on the one of any doctrine of inspiration. tual, social, economic and reli- hand and to shiftlessness and But his conclusions are the congious progress, to unoccupied waste on the other. clusions of the historic faith in fields, elimination of overlap- Jesus Christ as the unique Son ping and cooperation. The place of women and chil- of God and only Saviour of man- kind. The argument is reassur- The size of the problem is seen dren in industry shows great ing to faith. It is intended to be from the fact that there are in persuasive also to unbelief, the United States 13,366,401 for- need for improvement-with 55,- though it declares that "the afeign born Europeans, 1,422,533 firmations of spiritual experi- Spanish-speaking people, 250,- 000 in textile industries-mostly ence never are logically demon- 000 Orientals, 12,000,000 Ne- strable….. The evidence of spirgroes, 6,750,000 Mountaineers, in the southern states at wages itual experience is itself and in 750,000 Mormons and 350,000 its outcome and asks no other Indians. Alaska and the West from $5.00 to $10.00 a week. It attestation. Faith has always Indies are special fields. had its reasons which the reason is not a modern problem for 100 did not understand; and in these Christianity and Industry in Amer- it rests and is content." ica. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. years ago cotton mills in Eng- 212 pp. Reading list and Index. R. E. S. $1 and 60 cents. Friendship Press. land employed 84,000 children New York. 1933. under 18 years of age. This em- William Carey of India. By Percy ployment of women and children H. Jones. 223 pp. 2s. net. Picker- Here is a mission study book is one of the causes of unem- ing & Inglis, London. by the professor of social ethics ployment of men – the natural in Vanderbilt University, Nash- wage earners for families. Many In this thrilling biography of ville, Tenn. He is well known executives are largely overpaid the founder of missions in India and highly respected as a stu- while manual workers are we have a most delightful tonic dent of ethical and industrial underpaid. for lagging missionary zeal. The problems, is a clear thinker and book is admirably suited to adowriter. He recognizes the dif- For the solution of the prob·· lescent boys and girls. Carey's ference between the simple in- lems Dr. Taylor recommends an continuous adventures will dustrial life of the first century awakening of the public con- quickly capture the youthful and the complex problems of our science, a recognition of the mind and hold it to the last. machine age. Jesus did not right of both labor and capital, closer cooperation in place of The author lays the foundation conflict, arbitration in place of for the rest of the book by in- retaliation and the promotion of sight into the beginning of a well informed and true Chris- Carey's life. His famous slogan, tian spirit of honest justice and "Expect great things from God, brotherhood.

Attempt great things for God," family an entire month's in- huge rock, the "Enchanted is the heart of each chapter. come." Funerals for husbands, Mesa," three hundred feet in the The difficulties in getting started to India the never-to-be- wives, mothers cost their fam- air, dwell the Acomas-in comforgotten five-months' trip on the "Kron Princessa Maria," the ilies from $96.50 to $279. The plete isolation "unimpressed by story of the first converts, Carey's prodigious labors as a most expensive funeral recorded either missionaries or Henry translator of the Bible into thirty-four different languages, required an expenditure equiva- Ford." Here in the oldest conafford thrilling reading. His great work in Bengali is con- lent to forty-five months' income! tinuously inhabited city in the sidered by many even now unsurpassed. For the invested In the final chapter we have a United States, are houses of rock $2,400 in Carey, he gave back not only the founding of missions summary of the findings in aver- that were standing four centuin India, but over a quarter of a million in money. age expenditure for food, cloth- ries ago and are still in use.

What a life! Will twentieth ing, rent, etc. The author has In one of them was born James century Christianity dare treat such a glorious heritage lightly? furnished thirty-one excellent Paytiamo, the author. He invites HOWARD A. ADAIR. illustrations, twenty – one dia- us to listen while he revives How Chinese Famiilies Live in Pei- grams, a glossary of Chinese memories of a boyhood spent in ping. By Sidney D. Gambel. pp. 348; $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls, New terms, and a bibliography of this "Sky City" and in the sur- York. 1933. similar studies carried on in rounding deserts and mountain There is a proverb current among the poor in China which other fields. Altogether this is forests. He tells us how his peosums up the background of this most interesting economic sur- a noteworthy contribution to a ple prepare food and describes in vey: "Seven things to worry about when you throw open your better understanding of Chinese detail the ceremonies carried on door each morning-fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy, vinegar, tea." All daily life in a great city. during the hunting seasons. The students of social and home economics will welcome this study Dr. Arthur W. Hummel, head severe tests that Indian boys of household expenses in Chinese families at Peiping. Mr. Gamble, of the Chinese Department of must endure before they are alwho is Research Secretary of the National Council of the Young the Library of Congress says: lowed to participate in the cere- Men's Christian Associations, is well known as the author of "A " ….. Behind these figures, so monial dances are portrayed in- Social Survey of Peking" prepared some years ago. conscientiously and intelligently timately. These tests are more The book shows how the fam- gathered, lie concealed tales of taxing than the exercises inciilies with the lowest income, of eight silver dollars per month, amazing endurance, of individual dent to the "initiation of the spend an average of less than eight cents silver each person and family cooperation that braves," doubtless because the per day for food. The budget for clothing, heat, light, etc., is also would do justice to any novel. Apaches, the ancient enemies of given in detail, based on a survey of 283 families with incomes He has given to historians a re- the Pueblos, are no longer roamnot over 550 Chinese silver dollars per month. The expendi- liable yardstick by which to ing the plains at will. Eight tures for weddings and funerals are extraordinarily large and a measure the economic changes colored drawings by the author heavy drain on family resources. Many households go into debt to that life in Peiping, along with are representations of various secure funds for the display on these occasions. "The feast to the rest of the world, is under- costumes worn by ceremonial celebrate the engagement of a son, together with the gifts to going." S. M. ZWEMER. dancers. Many of the superstithe prospective bride cost one tions that still enslave the Acoma Flaming Arrow's People. By James Indians are mentioned. While the Paytiamo (An Acoma Indian). Illustrated with 8 colored drawings author has no harsh word for by the author. 178 pp. $2.50. Duffield and Green. New York. the medicine men other than the 1933. declaration that they are a hated A full-blooded Acoma (Pueb- 10) Indian, grown to manhood clan, he describes some of the and appreciative of the educa- tion he received at Haskell Insti- traps young Acoma men must tute, has written sympathetically concerning the daily life and shun. COE HAYNE.

tribal customs of his people that Follow the Leader. By Winifred have remained unchanged since Hulbert, 12 mo. 125 pp. 50 and the time of Columbus and long 75 cents. Central Committee in the before. Along an obscure road United Study of Foreign Missions. branching off of the Santa Fe Cambridge, Mass. 1933. Trail, sixty-five miles west of Albuquerque, the reader may These attractive stories for travel in imagination with this Juniors tell of life in North and Indian author as guide, through Central Africa, in India, in the forests of juniper and pinon and Philippines and Japan and on across alkaline flats to the "big the Mexican border. They de- valley" where the Acomas in scribe, incidentally, various prehistoric times cultivated their phases of missionary work but corn and beans and squash-just emphasize the promotion of as they do today-and finally to friendship and understanding the Acoma Mesa. On top of this between humans of different races rather than the turning of men to God through a new understanding and relationship to Jesus Christ. Both are needed.

I Items New Books Sunday

(CO'nCluded from page 65.) Objectives, Principles and Program Supplies of Y. M. C. A.'s m Orthodox Coun- Dr. C. L. Hsia, First Secretary of tries. 20 pp. World's Committee, S~oQu~ndo. isP!llnJmeu/ the Chinese Legation, has recently re- Y. M. C. A. Geneva. turned to China. Mr. W. S. Lao, /lilernultiJnu/Il'SSIJIIS formerly chief of Telegraph Section of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nan- The S'hi'ite Religion. Dwight M. king, succeeded Dr. Hsia; he arrived Donaldson. 393 pp. 15s. Luzac. ·/orullIkntHlllimlillls in Washington early in December. London. Dr. Hsia was very active during his Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon. tile for student days as the secretary for the Edited by Ernest pye. 210 pp. $2. Chinese Students' Christian Union in Revell. New York. and Waiting Upon God. Harvey Farmer. Great Britain. • • * 31 pp. 25 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. The Rev. Lindsay S. B. 'Hadley, formerly a missionary in China, and for seven years Candidate Secretary Japan Christian Year Book-1933. for the Presbyterian Board of For- 428 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. eign Missions, resigned on January 1, Light from Darkness. Takeo Iwa- John McNeill. Alexander Gammie. to accept a unanimous call to the pas- 276 pp. 58. Pickering & Inglis. torate of First Presbyterian Church hashi. 103 pp. $1. Winston. PhiIa. London.

of Cortland, N. Y. Rose From Brier. Amy Carmichael. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 205 pp. 38.6d. S. P. C. K. London. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran •** Bishop John McKim, presiding Pub. House. Phila. bishop of the Japanese Episcopal Almanacs and Calendars. Published Epistle Messages-Sermons on the Church for 37 years, has resigned be- by Pickering & Inglis. London: cause of failing health. His successor Epistles. Edited by Herman E. is Rt. Rev. Samuel Heaslett of Yoko- Daily Meditation Calendar, lB. 6d. Miller. 252 pp. $1.50. United hama. Golden Grain Calendar, 18. 3d. Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. *•• Golden Text Calendar, lB. 3d. From Sabbath to Sunday. Paul Cot- Grace and Truth Calendar, 18. ton. 184 pp. Times Pub. Co. Beth- Mr. Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer Daily Manna Calendar, 18. lehem, Pa. of the Board of Foreign Missions of Young Folks Calendar, 18. 1000 Wonderful Things About the the United Presbyterian Church, com- Bible Almanac, 2d. Bible. Hy Pickering. 228 pp. 28. pleted 40 years of service in this very Daily Light Almanac, lB. 5d. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. responsible position September 29, Our Home Almanac, 1d. Them Also. Mary Warburton Booth. 1933. When Mr. Latimer began the 253 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. treasurership there were 18 stations God and the World Through Chris- London. abroad, now there are 34; the num- tian Eyes. Various Authors. 48. To What Purpose? Marshall Bromber of the missionaries of the Foreign Student Christian Movement Press. hall. 88 pp. 18. C. I. M. London. Board, not including wives, was 31, London. Victorious Lives of Early Christians now 87. The annual budget of the Board was $106,800; now it is $303,- John R. Mott, World Citizen. Basil 444. But during those 40 years the Mathews. 78. 6d. Student Chris- tian Movement Press. London.

amount annually raised on the fields The Story of the Student Christian in Korea. M. W. Noble. 174 pp. has increased from $11,418 to $517,- Movement. Tissington Tatlow. M. Noble. Seoul, Korea. 863, and the number of communicant 128.6d. S. C. M. P. London Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. members in the churches abroad has Elizabeth Foreman Lewis. 265 pp. grown from 10,641 to 65,712. Mr. Christian Mass Movements in India $2.50. Winston. Phila. Latimer declares that it has been a -A Study with Recommendations Let the People Praise Thee. R. L. privilege and an inspiration to have J. Waskom Pickett. 382 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. shared in such work. Whytehead. 100 pp. 18. paper; 28. 6d. cloth. S. P. G. House. Lon- *** Mahatma Gandhi-His Life, Work don. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, of Mount and Influence. J ashwant R. Chit- Vernon, Iowa, was elected chairman ambar. $2. 264 pp. Winston. A Chaplain in India-His Life and of the Foreign Missions Conference Phila. Labours. G. M. Davies. 320 pp. of North America at the recent Garden City Conference. Canon S. Ann H. Judson-Missionary Heroine 58. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Gould, of Toronto, was elected first of Burma. E. R. Pitkin. Pickering London. vice-chairman; Bishop A. R. Clip- & Inglis. London. pinger, of Dayton, Ohio, second vice- The Livingstone of South Americachairman; Leslie B. Moss, of New Jothy. Charlotte Chandler Wyckoff. The Life and Aventures of W. Bar- York, and Miss Florence Tyler, of 302 pp. $2. Longmans Green. New brooke Grubb Among the Wild Aurora, N. Y., secretaries. York. Tribes of the Gran Chaco, Para- guay, Bolivia, Argentina, the Falk- • *• Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. land Islands and Tierra del Fuego. William Hugh Erskine. 209 pp. R. J. Hunt. 247 pp. 78. 6d. Seeley, The Rev. Percy Stevens, late of $1.25. Kyo Bun Kwan. Bethany Service. London. London but with twelve years' experi- College Book Store, Bethany, W. ence as a missionary in the Chinese Va. Elizabeth Mary Newman, 1855-1932 diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan, is to be -The Florence Nightingale of Bishop of that diocese for the Church Light Out of Darkness. Eleanor In- Kashmir. Illus. 18 pp. 6d. _Seeley, in China. His predecessor, Bishop gle Pilson. 88 pp. Revell. New Service. London. Holden, becomes Bishop of the western York. World Tides in the Far East. Basil diocese of Szechuan, whose late Robert E. Lee the Christian. Wil- Matthews. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh Bishop, Dr. Mowll, has become Bishop liam J. Johnstone. 300 pp. $2. House Press. London. of Sydney and Archbishop of the Abingdon. New York. Province of New South Wales. China. U. K. Shebbeare. (S. P. G. Kwangsi-Hunan is a southern diocese, The Mystery of Jordan Green. Mar- Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. Bishop Logan Roots' neighbor on the garet R. Seebach. 222 pp. $1. Map. 105 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. southern border of the diocese of United Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. Borneo. L. E. Currey. (S. P. G. Hankow. These foreign bishops have My Year in Rhodesia. Fr. Andrew. Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. been developing Chinese leadership. 64 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. Map. 96 pp. lB. S. P. G. London.

IN INCOME, SPENDING AND GIVING fROM 1925 TO

or PEP.CfNTAGE:S 7o——–+———-r——~_r——–~,~,———r———+——–~·70 ,,-' ". INCRf:ASE: ~.——–+———4——-~–O-~r–,-,–,,,,L, '-'–+–".'"~.~—-~——–~——–~~~ 1r5O0 ——–+———~a~.~.t.C~a,V..~-t-.'~-''~—'-y~~———-~—–,-""~&———4———~'n 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 While the decline in church giving between 1929 and 1933 ",as 42%. the drop in national income during the same period u:as 56%-greater by 14%. Figl/res/rom Marls & Lundy, Inc., reprinted/rom December, 1933, "EveryoM".

Help Win the MOSLEM MILLIONS BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christidn life dnd literdture, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in ESypt Syrle Irak China Morocco Penia Pelestine India Java Aisiers Turkey Malaysle Sumatra Tunis Arabia South Afria.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President c» Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O.

John W. Wood, D.C.l.

Gilts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treasurer, at 116 East 68th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New YorkCity

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1931

rrzg'Old Hilly

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CANADIAN OBITUARY PACIFIC •••••••• TO TIlE BISHOP WILLIAM BENJAMIN BEAU- World'. OG…..R… T.i…£…. n.,….r.. CHAMP, president of the Board of Missions and Superintendent of the Tenth Episcopal District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died June 28th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REV'IEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA of Japan is in America and his engagements are as fol- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor lows: From July 27th to August 9th he was attending Y. M. C. A. conferences in CONTENTS-September, 1931 Toronto and Cleveland. August 10th-12th he was in Chicago, Ill., at the Divinity SPECIAL HOME MISSION NUMBER School, University of Chicago; Septem- ber 1st-7th he is booked for the Earl Page Lectures, Pacific School of Religion, MAP-FRONTISPIECE …….•……. Berkeley, California; September 8th- 12th he will be at Oakland, Calif., at "'VHERE THE UNCHURCHED A1IER]~ Mills College, and September 16th-20th CANS LIVE,l' in Portland, Ore., at Reed College. On September 26th-28th he goes to Oberlin, RELIGION IN AMERICA – WHITHER? Ohio, to give three lectures in the Grad- uate School of Theology and October Sth- ••……..••••• HU(}H rTnOhlAS KERR 645 10th he is to give the Shaffer Lectures at the Yale Divinity School. Then, Oc- HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED …. tober 14th-16th, he returns to Toronto, •••••••••••• SAMUEf. SHOEMAKER, JR. 651 Canada, to lecture under the joint aus- pices of School of Missions and Foreigu EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUB- Mission Boards. LIN ••••••…••.• REGINAI,D WALLIS 657 *** THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS .•••••..•……… E. D. KOHLSTEDT 661 PROFESSOR W. C. WILLOUGHBY of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED Connecticut, has retired from work in the AMERICANS? ……………… . school and returned to England with ……•••.••. E],]ZAnETH R. HOOKER 667 Mrs. Willoughby. He has rendered a distinguished service to Africa and to UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MIS- the missionary enterprise during his SIONS …•. , .• HERMANN N. MORSE 673 twelve years as Professor of Missions in Africa. The Trustees of the Foundation HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY granted him the degree of S.T.D., and CHURCH GONE? •.• MALCOLM DANA 679 made him professor emeritus.

CAN AMERICA ENDURE WITHOUT RE- LIGION? …..•••. JOHN McDow",,!, 6R4 AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL ••..•…••..••.•••…••. PAUl, AUH 687 METHODS F'OR WORKERS ………. . PROFESSOR ANDREW F. HENSEY, who …………… MRs. F. 1. JOHNSON 690 has recently returned from the Belgian Congo, has taken up the work of Prof. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL- Willoughby in the Kennedy School of LETIN . . . . . . . . • . EDITED BY HELEN Missions. He was formerly a member M. BRICKMAN AND Fr,oRENCE TYLER 692 of faculty of the College of Missions in Indianapolis and is a member of the WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••.••… 698 Royal Belgian Commission for the Pro- tection of Natives in the Congo. Recently BOOKS WORTH READING .•…..•..• 713 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphic Society. TERMs'-$2.50 II year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreiga postage, 50 cents. Single copies, *** 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· CARLTON M. SHERWOOD is new General PANY, INC. All rights reserved. Secretary of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, elected at the Gold- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING en Jubilee Convention, San Francisco, 'in COMPANY, INc. which ten thousand young delegates par- ticipated. President Daniel A. Poling ROBlDllT E. SPEER., President called Mr. Sherwood "the field marshal WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ldent of a new advance," for the enlarging program of this Christian youth move- DJ:LAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ment. Goals in evangelism, worship, W ALTIIIQ ~IcDoUGALJ., Treasurer membership, tithing, Christian citizen- Publication Omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ship, church unity, and world peace form Pa. 2Gc a copy. $2.50 a year. the basis of the new program of 80,000 societies in the churches of more than Editorial and Business Omee, 1M Fifth Avenue, 80 denominations. Mr. Sherwood is a native of Buffalo, N. Yo, and became New York City president of the Christian Endeavor Union of that city at the age of eighteen. Entered as Becond~clnsB matter a.t the Post He served actively on three fronts in the . Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March World War and upon the signing of the ·S, 1879. armistice became reli~ious work director at Flag Hut, Brest, France. On returning to the United States, he was for CHARLES G. HURLBURT, of the Unevanseven years general secretary of the New gelized Africa Mission, died March 21st. York State Christian Endeavor Union. He was taken ill in French Equatorial Africa, was brought to Aba Station and *** from there to the South Congo where he died. MRS. BURL T. SCHUYLER, M.D., a medical missionary of the Presbyterian *** Church to Ambala, India, has been THE REV. JOHN HUNTER STEARNS, awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal member of the Council of the Inland in recognition of her outstanding medical South America Missionary Union, died at Torrington, Conn., in May. He was work in India, especially the leper asy- also connected with the National Bible lum in Ambala. . Institute.

*** * ** ROBERT E. LEWIS, for many years gen- THE REV. GEORGE S. MINER, D.D., reeral secretary of the Cleveland Y. M. tired missionary of the Methodist Board C. A., is sailing for China in September, who had spent 37 years in China, died where he will become personal adviser to the Chinese minister of foreign affairs, .. .. . July 3d, at Houston, Texas. Dr. C. T. Wang. Mr. Lewis served in China for years as secretary of the inter- MRS. ADAM J. MARTIN, a Presbyterian national committee of the Y. M. C. A. missionary located at Burity, Brazil, died During his secretaryship a young Chi- June 26th while on furlough to this coun- try. Mrs. Martin went to Brazil in 1918, nese returned from Yale with a Ph.D., and was engaged in educational work at the Presbyterian Mission Farm School. and entered the service of the Y. Within a few years he was general secretary for >I< .. .. China. Later, he entered government service. Today he is foreign minister. DR. RUTH PEABODY HUME, who had Thus Dr. Lewis, who retired from active served as a medical missionary in India service in the Y two years ago, goes for twenty-six years, died June 3d in New Haven. She was sixty years old, a back to China to advise the same Chinese descendant of missionaries for two genwhom he inducted into his career early erations on both sides of her family. She in the century. China will be well served was a daughter of the famous Dr. Robert by the new adviser. A. Hume and was born in Ahmednagar, India, in a house built by her grand- *** father, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Dr. Hume was a graduate and representative THE REV. C. M. LACEY SITES, Meth- of Wellesley College and was director of odist missionary at Kutien, Fukien, the American Hospital for Women and Children in Ahmednagar, under the China, was captured by bandits on July American Board of Foreign Missions. 12th and released July 16th, upon representations by the U. S. Department of State.

*** DR. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, pastor COMING EVENTS of Northminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, has been elected to the September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT 1ST position of Secretary for Promotion of CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, an office left vacant by the death September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, of Dr. Robert S. Donaldson last Febru- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ary. Dr. Limouze takes up his new Denver, Colo. duties September first.

*** September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- DR. ADELAIDE WOODARD, missionary of SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERthe Presbyterian Church at Fatehgarh, ICA, New York, N. Y. India, has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in recognition of her serv- September 28-30-INTERDENOMINATIONices. Dr. Woodard has long been on the AL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, conducted missionary field and she is the physician by the Philadelphia Federation of in charge of the Memorial Hospital at Churches and the Women's Interde- Fatehgarh. nominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. OBITUARY NOTES October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- THE REV. JACOB L. HARTZELL, Presby- TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wichterian missionary from Prae, Siam, died ita, Kan. in the Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 14th, while on fur- November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINAlough. Mr. Hartzell went to the field in 1912, and engaged in evangelistic work TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COMin Prae, Nan and Lampang. At Lam- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANpang he was principal of the mission Boys' School NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church'

New York. ' ~ Old Level Are•• _ Grazing Regions _ Mountain Sections ~ Cut-over Districts ~ Dry-Farming Regions Us ed in uHi nterlana8 oj the Ohuf'ch/J by EUzGbcth R. Hooker.

SOME OF THE REGIONS WHERE THE "UNCHURCHED AMERICANS" LIVE

LIV, No.9 September

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Former Moderator of the Prcsbyteria,n Church in the U. S. A-.

PROBABLY the C h r i s t ian realm of science or industry. We Church is more vital, more have produced no great school of influential in America than in theology. Here we follow rather any other part of the world and than lead. Weare still looking yet nowhere does it so much reflect across the seas for light and leadage-old traditions and hark back ing. to ancient inheritance. The Roman Catholic Church looks across It is impossible, moreover, to the sea to Rome. The Protestant think of religion in terms of na- Episcopal Church has its eyes to- tionality. The tides of truth and wards Canterbury, and what is error wash the shores of all nations done at Lambeth finds a response and know no tariff or racial barin every American diocese. Prot- rier. The currents of religious inestantism has its roots in Germany terest and apathy sweep around and Geneva. Presbyterianism fol- the world and there is as much lows the star that arose over difference between situations in Switzerland and Scotland. In a different countries as there is bereal sense the trends of religion in tween sections within the same America were largely determined nation. What is true of religion in long ago and in other lands. America is also true in England and Australia, in China and Cana- Nevertheless North America has da. Four distinct trends in the restamped religion with her own ligious life of America may, howspirit. Its creeds and customs re- ever, be suggested. flect the interpretation of the Scriptures in other lands and other I ages but a new direction has been given to religious activities and A spirit of restlessness charac- America has discovered new appli- terizes our American religious life. cations of the everlasting Gospel. Here religion has the stamp of A recent writer has said that American efficiency, American or- there is in all our life today "a ganization, American publicity, secret and subtle sense of ill-ad- American initiative. Perhaps it justment." This sense of ill-adjustwould be within the truth to say ment is seen in the restlessness of that we have not made the exten- all classes of our social order and sive contribution to reI i g i 0 U s in the irritability which has come thought that we have made in the upon rich and poor. In the words of General Smuts "Humanity has struck its tents and is on the 645

march." We are not sure where any change will reach and remedy the we are going. Neither are we sure unrest among our ministry, unless we would know the goal if we there be a fresh recognition of certain reached it. basic facts. Ours is a ministry of holy things. There it! no place in it for a This restlessness characterizes the ministry of the Church today man who seeks merely temporal rein a marked degree. It is not nec- wards. He who desires fortune or essary to champion the cause of ease or fame should take some other long pastorates in order to find a path. But to the minister of Christ it is given to walk in the way they opened substitute for ministerial unrest who walked with Him in Galilee. To for it is quite possible to have a such a minister it is given to warn series of short pastorates and to sinners, to comfort saints, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. There possess a quiet heart and a restful are some ancient words of our Consoul. It is not necessary either to fession of which we who bear the decry the low financial return and office of Christ's ministers need often economic pressure under which to be reminded: "The grace of faith, ministers labor for it has been whereby the elect are enabled to beproved beyond a doubt that rest- lieve to the saving of their souls, is the lessness in the ministry does not work of the Spirit of Christ in their spring from this source. A leading hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by and clear thinking Bishop of the the ministry of the Word: by which Episcopal Church stated recently also and by the administration of the Sacraments and prayer, it is increa·sed that in his diocese with 124 clergy and strengthened." This is our holy only eleven are stilI at work in work, this is our high privilege, this ministry of the Word by which faith their parishes after a period of is born and built up. If it must be twelve years. In a Presbytery of done with difficulty, we can remember 29 churches only one minister re- that He also found difficulty. If it be mains at his task after a period of poorly recompensed, neither did He ten years.

The cause of this unrest must be have at times where to lay His head.

sought ben eat h the surface. The King's Highway of the Holy Cross Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is is not a smooth road and easily travthe man who has found his work." eled, but it leads to an assured end. If this is true of the ordinary daily toiler, how inestimably true it is of And the further fact is that difthe minister of the Gospel. It is ficulties often fade as a man resolutely faces his task in prayer and reliance the work that rejoices the heart on the Spirit. Some of us can look and feeds the spirit and not the back and wonder why we wanted to locality where that work is done. This spirit of unrest can only be change just then. By staying on pa- tiently we won that victory for Christ. Perhaps if we keep these things in understood when we interpret the mind there will be less need for the motives which draw men into the machinery we today devise. And there will be longer pastorates that shape ministry and keep them there. At through continuous years the life of a the recent General Assembly of the community for Christ and the things Presbyterian Church in the U. S. of His Kingdom." A., after an exhaustive examina- tion of this perplexing subject, the The spirit of unrest which char- report cqncluded with these arrest- acterizes the clergy lays hold also ing words: upon the Church itself. There We do not believe that any plan or never was an age when the words

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

of Jesus were more needed, "Come ric or'the life of the people, should unto me and I will give you rest." reflect the thought and spirit of Church people today want to be in- that people. This has always been terested. They want to be thrilled. true. The creeds of Christendom They crave in the Church the same reflect the thinking of the age in excitement they seek out in the which they were fashioned.The- world. Young people miss some- ology has always been colored by thing. They look on as those who the light and shade of the day are spectators. If the service does when the outline was drawn. Re- not sparkle, they tire. They are ligion cannot be an affair of the onlookers. They do not participate. cloister. It belongs in the arena.

They do not seek the discipline of We cannot build "a lordly pleasure- silence but the delight that comes house, wherein at ease for aye to through surprise, the thrill of dwell." If a choice must be made music, the rhythm of words. What between a religion that is in touch is required is a true appreciation with the newspapers and one that all of what religion means and of gets its inspiration from dead lan- what worship is. Not long since guages, let us by means choose at a great and impressive religious that which is in touch with life.

gathering the audience of over It is not, however, a choice be- three thousand paused for a period tween extremes, and there is little of devotion. The service of wor- danger that we will go to the dead ship was beautifully arranged with languages for our thinking. There song and responses, Scripture and is, however, great danger in taking printed prayer, all set out in a fine our religious convictions from the order of ritual. But in every min- newspapers. A newspaper is a ute of it there was activity and business enterprise and is not an there was evidenced a spirit of re- authoritative, ethical guide. It re- pressed restlessness. At the close flects public opinion and sometimes a lovely voice began to sing the public opinion of a very low order.

words, "0 rest in the Lord. Wait Public opinion, far from being the patiently for Him." The audience voice of God, may be the echo of at first was indifferent, then ar- the mob. The message of God rested, then captured, then it sur- often comes through a voice crying rendered and was quiet and in a in the wilderness.

deep hush the music ended, "0 rest We have frequent illustrations in the Lord. . Wait patiently for of this hysteria of imitation. Eu- Him and He will give thee thy genic societies and reform organi- heart's desire." The Spirit of God zations begin a pUblicity campaign had done His work and restless- about "birth control" Qr "compan- ness, like a bird of prey, took ionate marriage" and immediately wings. Religion will do its best the Church throws upon those sub- work for America when it brings jects the spotlight of debate and quietness to the troubled souls. controversy. Pastors organize fo- H rums for discussion and Church bodies issue deliverances and when The religious life of America re- they cease to become a newspaper flects rather than directs the con- novelty then religion loses interest science of our social order. in them. In the same way we have It is inevitable that religion, had a tidal flood of sermons and which is woven into the very fab- essays reflecting the confusion in

which psychology finds itself until versatile, more vital in America the vocabulary of some preachers than it has ever been. Even stais so weighed with words and tistics are on the side of the phrases that smell of the labora- Church. Its membership keeps tory that even an educated man pace with the tremendous growth who is not a specialist is lost in the of our population. Its money infog. One who has recently gradu- creases from year to year. The ated in the new Psychology or in 232,000 churches of America com- Religious Education considers the pare favorably with the 256,000 theologically trained minister in- public school buildings and the ancapable of understanding what re- nual Church expenditure is 4070 ligion is all about. In a recent ar- as large as the expenditure of all ticle a journalist in passing judg- our public school system. Across ment upon this. craze for modern- the continent new houses of wority says, ship are being built, drawn from plans prepared by the best archi- Publicity has become such an integral part of a minister's training that tects money can secure.* recently, when the Congregationalists, Presbyterians and the Greater New Nevertheless it must be admitted York Federation of Churches passed that there is an increase in the resolutions in the latter part of the number of good people who play week asking for an investigation of fast and loose with their Church New Y.ork City, a dozen ministers obligations. The evening service in changed their sermon subjects over- many churches has been brought night to the problem of "Civic Cor- to an ignominious conclusion. In ruption." many city areas the evening serv- ices in separate churches have been A great philosopher has said, abandoned for union services and "Religion is what we do with our even these union services require solitude" and in a real sense it stimulation. The summer services may be said that religion is at its in many churches, especially in the best when it stands apart and cities, are attended by a minority alone. It looks out from a watch- and the difficulty of obtaining outtower, it proclaims a Gospel, it standing preachers dUring the heralds the corning of a King, it summer season grows year by does not reflect public opinion, it year. We must not forget, howmoulds the thought of men and na- ever, that all through the land extions. It does not rehearse what traordinary services are being held men say, it issues a mandate. It which are crowded with Church does not get its commission from people from all parts of the counindustry or economics or sociology, try. It would seem, however, to be its commission comes from the a fair judgment to say that there Risen Lord. is an increasing irregularity of Church attendance on the part of III Church people themselves. Some- one has said, "There are as many The religious life of America is people going to church today as halting between two opinions con- used to want to go." There may cerning the Christia.n Church. °If there is any doubt on the subject the This is the paradox that char- doubter is recommended to look into a little acterizes modern religion. The volume entitled "The United States Looks at Church is more vigorous, more Its Churches," by C. Luther Fry, for evidence.

be truth in this half humorous de- know, except with a few extreme peofense, for the day of hypocrisy is at ple-very few now-there is no differan end and those who go to Church ence between the Church and the now go because they want to go. world; they are all eating and drink- ing on Sunday, and the younger people Certain influences have been op- are growing up without the fear of erating in the cultivation of this God. We shall have to cease preaching irregularity. It is not possible to on many subjects which are intereststate definitely what the influence ing and profitable, and devote ourselves of the radio has been. It has, how- to the elementary facts and appeals of ever, had some influence. Any in- religion. The Puritans made huge fluence, however, which it has had mistakes for which we paid at the in decreasing church attendance Restoration, but too much has been has been more than counterbal- made of those mistakes. The idea that anced by the good that has come in all Puritans were Philistines and faintroducing religion to man y natics is a vulgar error. John Milton homes that have had no part in the seems to me quite as great a man of church life of the nation. There is letters as any of our tootling little more, however, to be said concern- poets and dirty story-tellers who are ing the secularization which has soaked in debt and drink, and Colonel taken place· in regard to the ob- Hutchinson was as fine a gentleman as servance of Sunday. There have the peers who sponged on Hooley. been increasing inroads made upon the Day of Rest and the week-end IV habit has broken up the age-old customs of home and family life to There is a trend in the religious the detriment of church attend- life of America which is supremely ance. hopeful.

These changes have been going It is the note of spiritual exon for more than a generation. pectancy which one finds on every The War accelerated them. Thirty hand. We move forward like the years ago Dr. John Watson (Ian tide. If the tide is at the ebb then Maclaren), who knew life better we can have a feeling of confidence than most men said, that it will soon turn to flood again. This has been the history I am deeply concerned every day of the Christian Church. Religion about the life of pleasure and want of has always been characterized by seriousness among the young people a forward and a backward moveof our richer classes. They are read- ment. The history of the Christian ing nothing except the worst fiction. Church has passed through rhyth- They are "'pending their whole spare mic periods of depression. The time in pleasure, which is growing present era is different from many more doubtful every day. Sundayeve- such periods in the past because of ning is given to dinners and suppers, the fact that our age is conscious and the moral tone is getting very of its need and is openly chamlow. Things come under my notice as pioning the supremacy of spiritual a minister which would give any man values. cause for serious thought. It appears to me that if society is to be saved, Certain things have contributed and if the Church in especial is to do towards this recall of the Church her proper work, there must be a re- to the supreme things of the spirit. turn to the great Puritan idea of sepa- First of all there is upon the ration from the world. So far as I Church a sense of weariness, grow-

ing out of the mechanical era what we wait for in America and through which the Church has in the mission field, is firsthand passed since the War. It has been evidence that the Gospel is still a period of organization of effi- the power of God unto salvation.

ciency, of publicity, and above all of The crux of the conflict in which the raising of quotas and budgets. religion finds itself today may In the second place the con- be told in a story. A generation sciousness of w hat President ago Charles Bradlaugh was mak- Hoover called "a subsidence in the ing an attack upon Christianity moral foundations of the nation" in England and challenged Hugh has recalled religious people to ele- Price Hughes, who was preach- mental realities. It is not possible ing the Gospel and at the same to build the Kingdom of God upon time serving as a member of the legislation, no matter how neces- British Parliament, to debate with sary and beneficial that legislation him the truth of the Christian may be. When we have abolished faith. The challenge was immedi- the liquor traffic, done away with ately accepted and accepted in racial hatred, and eliminated war, these words, "The courts, as a rule, there is something else that is in rendering their verdicts, do not needed for it' will still remain true rely solely upon the arguments of that "Out of the heart are the the attorneys on either side. They issues of life." carefully scrutinize the evidence In the third place we have had offered by those who have first- time to gain a balanced judgment hand kilOwledge of the facts. I concerning Religious Education. will bring with me to the debate Religious Education scientifically that night, as evidence of the truth interpreted and pedagogically ap- and power of the Christian faith, plied cannot direct the conscience one hundred men and women who or inspire the soul. It is still true have been saved from lives of sin that except a man or a child "be by the Gospel of Christ. They will born again he cannot see the King- give their evidence and you will dom of God." be allowed to cross-examine them.

Other influences have been at I will ask that you bring with you work and have contributed their one hundred men and women who share in driving home the truth have been similarly helped by the expressed by Canon Streeter that gospel of infidelity which you "Nothing but the sober determina- preach." The debate was aban- tion, the quickened insight and the doned. The agnostic had no evi- disinterested devotion, due to the dence. The Christian had evidence.

permeation of society by some Evidence is never on the defensive, great and creative spiritual force, it is always aggressive, and when can avail to meet the situation. the spiritual expectancy which Veni Creator Spiritus. In those characterizes the Church today who really believe in God the ur- passes from hope to reality then gency of the need begets a pre- it will be said of the critics as was sumption that it will be met." said at the beginning: What is needed today is evi- "Seeing the man that was healed dence. When evidence comes, apol- standing with them, they could say ogetics becomes unnecessary and nothing against him."

A CITY WAS

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, JR.

Reotor oj Oa!varll Oh,woh, New .York Oitll M OST of our religious speak- It would be so easy to take a sub- ing and writing is an ex- ject like the one suggested to me by cursion into the desirable. the Editor of THE REVIEW, and to We let our minds play upon what deal with it on paper. All of us might be if all were ideal. We have can see, with the eye of untested got our people in the way of con- imagination, a round-table confer- fusing the desire for the ideal, with ence of the religious eminent, con- the building of it into life. There cerned for the state of religion, and are preachers who expound the coming together to lay great plans most noble truth on Sunday morn- for a city. Most of the churches ings, but are so inured to this cli- are represented. There is prayer mate of the unreal that they can and talk. Some look skeptical; go against their own teaching with- others are enthusiastic. A "plan"

in twenty-four hours and never is proposed. "Dr. Somebody from know they h~lVe done it! Hundreds the Tabernacle of Somewhere is a of them confuse sympathy for the great spiritual force; let us get evangelical point of view with him in for two weeks of great working evangelism; t~y know union services, and all forget our little of the painful progress of differences and combine to help persuasion which must take place him." There will be much public- in the lives of their people if the ity-pamphlets describing the aim admirable sentiments of the pUlpit of the mission, newspaper articles, are to become the sober programme surveys which unearth yet more of the pews. Many preachers are appalling facts as to our general frankly afraid to tackle personal American godlessness.

human problems, and to get the ob- Most preachers past fifty have structions out of the way. It is so sat on committees like that more much easier to have people say that times than one. The plan was car- they like what you said, when you ried out. A few were reached. The were talking in the absence of dis- city as a whole was unmoved. The agreeable and resisting facts, than taste lef~ in people's mouths was it is to persuade them to root those unpleasant, not because of tub- facts out, or reinterpret them in thumping methods or emotional- the light of a profounder experi- ism, but because the whole affair ence of Christ. All the complicated, did not get to first base with the difficult period of conviction of sin, people who most needed to be of criticism and fault-finding, of reached. The past twenty years are uneasy swinging between two op- strewn with the wreckage of inef- posite ideals of life, lie right in this fectual religious movements. They area of personal persuasion to began in a committee, continued in adopt the ideal, as over against lis- a campaign, and ended in a col- tening to it and being lapped in the lapse.

soft airs of its imaginary realiza- I am going as far as possible tion. from this airy evangelism, and tell 651

the actual story of how a city was pIe whom they were not reaching evangelized by a group of people. and drew them in.

And first I must say something Six months later came an invitaof the preparation. It was not by tion to bring a large team, and cottage prayer-meetings, or whoop- quietly, guidedly honeycomb that ing-it-up for an evangelist who was expected. It began in an individ- city for Christ. There was much ual. Three years ago a young Bap- prayer. There had been guidance tist business man went to the ordi- that it was the right time. The innation of a man who had found his vitation was sent to people far enough along to take real leaderspiritual life in the work of A First Century Christian Fellowship, or ship. Ninety of them came. They ranged from wealthy society people the Oxford Group as it is called overseas. The business man was to tradesmen and students. There was a Scotch woman who had run intrigued by the kind of life he saw in this minister and his for Parliament at home and who friends. He accepted this fuller had travelled to America for this interpretation of Christ for him- series of meetings; and an Oxford self. It carried him into the min- student. There was a distinguished istry. Presbyterian minister, for many years a missionary in China. There While he was at the theological was a young married couple from seminary, he made known to a few Rhode Island whose lives and home strategic people what had hap- had been completely changed by the pened to him to take him out of message three years before. There business and into the ministry. He was a young Episcopal clergyman worked by rightly-directed per- who had a perfect genius for win- sonal witness. And when a suffi- ning the confidence of boys and ciently large number of interested helping them to understand how people had been seen, he suggested Christ could help them with their that the group of spiritual friends problems. There was a New York who had so inspired him, might woman with a European title, send representatives to tell these whose whole existence had been re- interested people what they had made through finding that an old told him. Very quietly a dozen peo- friend of her husband had been ple were brought from seven or brought to Christ through the Fel- eight other cities-not all parsons, lowship. Pentecost saw no motlier not professional evangelistS-most- crowd in its human composition, ly lay people, mostly ·young. For and they met "with one accord in ten days they stayed in different one place." Each had somewhere houses, living out in their relation- been brought to a decision for ships the 'meaning of life surren- Jesus Christ in surrender, carried dered to Christ and guided by His through the early stages of learn- Holy Spirit. There were small ing to live by guidance from God, gatherings, quite informal, meet- helped to win others for Christ, ing at houses or churches. Several and learned the price and the ne- hundred people were touched; their cessity of full sharing fellowship sympathy and interest we r e with like-minded Christians. This aroused. The churches began to get means that there were ninety peo- wind of it. It reached a few peo- ple ready to function like a phalanx

HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED

under God's Holy Spirit. There ties. Anyone could have dropped was a human leader, but he could out of this affair, and it would have not possibly have carried the de- gone along just as well. Here a tails of all the hours in the day of growing number of ordinary men all the workers who were there. and women of all ages and every Yct there was not a single bit of in- walk of life, are being raised up to dividual sharpshooting; we worked do a mighty work for God in this almost like one person, because generation. Some of us have a unity was there at the beginning. deep-rooted conviction that all the Noiselessly the members of this rich colors of original Christianity group slipped into town by train can not be shown to this age and motor. A church sexton in New York took several in his car, through the prism of one person- ality, but only through the complex and witnessed with great power in of a group of people with "a diverthe meetings. Some were quartered sity of gifts but the same spirit." with families; some stayed in ho- The logic of this is that one-man tels. There were daily groups for evangelism is at an end for the special interests: one for business time, and the new emphasis must men, one for women, one for girls, be upon a welded, sharing, guided one for boys, one for younger mar- group functioning unitedly.

ried women, one for ministers; Finance and Follow-up each was led by someone belonging How is work like this financed? in the group. There was daily Bible We believe simply that where God study. In the evenings we gathered guides He provides. If we were for a united meeting. This began really guided to have this mission, with 300 and ended with 2,500. then He was sure to take charge of The theme was not preaching nor the funds. Much of the money exhorting-just simple individual came from the leaders who travwitness to what Christ had done. elled at their own charges: and we As a result family tangles were un- need much more imagination about snarled; personal problems were expecting such service as this from solved; hundreds of people found converted people. Several people a new power in Christ; the level were financed by members of the of confidence in that city, depressed Fellowship who were unable to go by the business slump, was enor- themselves. It required sacrifice mously lifted. in some quarters. Some of it came One said, "There has been noth- from the people in the city where ing like it since Moody." That was we worked, as they felt led to give.

a great tribute; yet how different But there was very little money- is this procedure from Mr. Moody's consciousness anywhere. An insur- incomparable ways. Always he ance man said, "There was no was, in spite of himself, the great underwriting before you came, no .

figure; he was the campaign, and collections while you were here, without him it could not have been. and no deficit when you left."

While he urged people not to talk Do not let anyone think that the about him, but about Christ, it was Fellowship has access to large inevitable that his name should funds: we have not. But when predominate. In the work I am people are soundly enough convert- describing there are no great ed to start off on a mission like names, no indispensable personali- this, they are also soundly enough

converted to be spiritually self- The most important thing in supporting, and not to lean on oth- follow-up is always one's own pri- ers for their expenses except where vate Quiet Time in the morning for specifically guided. We believe that Bible study, prayer, and listening here is a great lesson for this age to God for His directions. These, to learn, staggering as the churches for the convenience of remember- are under intolerable loads of finan- ing them, are usually written down cial obligation, and lacking the in a loose-leaf notebook. Probably spiritual power which will alone next in importance is a small, inti- help them to lift these loads. Sound mate fellowship where one's needs conversion is the basis of adequate and discoveries may be frankly finance. shared. It is als!) very interesting And follow-up-how shall all to see how quickly the church be- this continue? By the work of a gins to take on meaning for these revitalized church. The ministers people, who often for tlie first time of the city were back of us in this see it as a way to deepen and in- effort. They opened their pulpits to crease the life which they have just us. Some of them came a long spir- decided to live. One doctor told itual distance themselves. One me that he thought this movement clergyman toid me that he had bap- would "put the Church back on the tized hundreds of people, but he did map in this generation." Dozens, not know that in his ministry of I suppose hundreds, of people in over thirty years a single person that city, who never thought they had been brought decisively to could ever be doing such a thing, Christ: His whole life is now radi- are in living touch with God, ask- antly happy in the newly discov- ing and finding His mind upon ered power of being guided by the their problems, and drawing others Holy Spirit. The clergymen saw the after Christ. It sounds very much changes in their people, and in like the Acts, doesn't it?

those they wanted to be their peo- By the time the ordinary reader ple.. In the churches and in private has read this far, he will be saying houses numbers of small groups with some irritation, "Why doesn't are meeting weekly for the sharing he tell us how to do it ourselves?"

of experience and for united guid- My answer is frankly that I have ance. These groups may be ar- no paper-made plan by which any ranged geographically to take care minister can evangelize any old of one locality, or they may be town by following a few rules.

gathered according to interests, That kind of man-made evangeli~m like a group of insurance men who is what has ruined the very name meet every morning in one office evangelism for most people. We to begin the day with Quiet Time. must think in much more profound, There is nothing humanly organ- and in much more extensive, terms ized about them; they are made up than the conversion of anyone of people who have been changed, town by an individual: we must and want to learn the next stages. think of the recapturing of the These groups are kept vital by world for Christ through a close- honest sharing up to date between knit fellowship of converted peo- those who come steadily, and by the ple. Nothing less than this can get bringing in of new people who the attention of the many who want to find this experience. know that the church is too locally

preoccupied and too spiritually to have what he wanted the city timid to do its work in the world. to have: a thoroughly workable, Something must again set the tested, universal way of life in human imagination aflame with Christ which anybody can try exwhat can happen when Christ lays perimentally long before he may hold of a group of people. We be able to accept it authoritatively. need a world-wide movement of the Spirit in our day, and it looks as if The second is that the greatest we were beginning to see it. need of our time is for a movement which represents such contagious, Some Principles–From Experience simple, joyous religion as this, where any man can catch his spirit There are a few principles which at the flame. There was nothing distil from experience and which fortuitous in those ninety people we might notice. gathered in that dty. More than twenty b'"ears of pain and prayer, The first is that one person was of hammering and of recognition, responsible for touching the city. of loyalty and of falling away, of He was just a plain individual, and fidelity to one persistent ideal, of might as well have been led to stay hewing out individuals and seasonin business as to be in the ministry, ing them till they know the voice had that been God's plan for him. of God and the life of man, till they Profession had nothing to do with are welded into an unbreakable felit: possession everything. He rec- lowship-these are the things ognized in the Fellowship some- which lie behind that one gathering thing familiar through his own in- of ninety people thinking, living herited Christianity, yet something and working as one. The ordinary which stretched him so far that it evangelistic team is small and was like a new experience alto- fixed; often it is temporary, but if gether. Before he could begin to fixed it is inflexible, and does not touch anybody, he had to have in think to include beginners. This miniature the life he wanted his team is never quite the same in one city to have. People needed to find place as in another. Constantly in him and in his family some qual- new people are being brought in, ity of living which was different, and so trained for larger work. So which attracted them by its joy it comes about that, clear round the and simplicity and workability, and world now, you have a group of which challenged at the same time. people who know one another inti- The professional evangelist lacks mately, who begin work by being appeal for the average sinner and sure they have no "walls" amongst pagan. This man made friends with themselves, who are trained in loypeople like that. His language was alty and fellowship, who know how not stilted, he was natural, yet he to hit at just the same spot as the "had something." He was living on worker before them. This means concrete guidance. He was touch- that witnessing is going on all the ing individuals himself. He was time. At teas and luncheons, in living in constant fellowship, even churches and homes, wherever such if much of it was by mail, with a people are, there is evangelism. group which gave him opportunity Hundreds are teuched in this way for growth by comparison and con- who would never darken the door trast, by checking and sharing. of an evangelistic meeting, and The sum of all this is that he had

never even go to church. This them to come in with him. These movement has within it the power things are worth a thousand evanto reproduce itself in character- gelistic meetings for the gun-shy istic fashion, so that the colors do skeptic today who runs away from not fade out at the extreme edges. all professional religion. A town is Many will find in this movement, surprised and stirred when ninety people like this come in on a mission as did our friend who opened up of "peaceful penetration," when the city, things already familiar; I they see the fun they have, when think that all will find that the they find they live what they talk. movement represents to them spe- The interchange between city and cific challenge, if not to believe city, and indeed between country and country, is one of the marked more, at least to step out more characteristics of the movement. courageously upon what they do It has given it already an interdebelieve. nominational a'nd international character which may have implica- The third is that the most persua- tions as to church unity and inter- national understanding; already sive force for Christ in our time there have been far-reaching social is no longer the professional evan- results in the movement. But we gelist, and may not even be the believe profoundly that a Christian minister: the most persuasive force basis is needed first; and that this today is the converted layman who must come from the living impact of changed and Christ-centered knows the art of living and of win- people upon those who have yet to ning others. He has no profession- find that great eJ(perience. alisms. He gets at the people he wants to win, not only the less edu- Not one city only, but many, cated and more gullible members have been touched in this fashion. of society who frequent evangel- The movement is roIling. If you istic meetings. His business asso~ want to begin in your own town, it ciates recognize what has happened must begin first in your own life. when his business is conducted on The movement will be born through a new basis: when, for instance, the nucleus of those whom you he confesses to a dishonesty and reach directly yourself. restores to the right person, or when he calls in his fellow-workers and shares with them honestly his new experience and asks them for their help in the new life, urging HE COULD NOT GO-WHAT THEN1 A YOUNG man accepted for the African missionary field reported at New York for "passage," but found on further examination that his wife could not stand the climate. He was heartbroken, but he prayerfully returned t() his home and determined to make all the money he could, to be used in spreading the kingdom of God over the world. His father, a dentist, had started to make, on the side, an unfermented wine for the communion service. The young man took the business over and developed it until it assumed vast proportions -his name was "Welch," whose family still manufacturers "grape-juice." He has given literally hundreds of thousands of dollars to the work of missions. Every job is missionary work when we interpret it by stewardship.-Tke Presbyterian Advance.

YOUNG MEN OF

BY CAPTAIN REGINALD WALLIS Gl'11 crai ~ f vn~ t-urJJ uJ th e Oity oj Dublin Y. M. C . A .

Captain Wallis was in active service in the British army during the World War. Later he became secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in Dublin and has since been greatly used for the spiritual awakening and Christian training of young men. The Dublin Y. M. C. A. is conducted on evangelical and faith principles, without financial drives or emphasis on secular education, amusements, athletics and social lines. The entire budget amounts to ~nly about $10,000 a year, but the spiritual fruitage is large. The present financial de- pression has made rigid economy necessary and the support of the work must come in answer to prayer. This Associat ion gives proof that Y. M. C. A. work can be successfully conducted on Gospel lines with large results and without dependence for support on C AP T AIN llEGINALD WALLIS methods that are not fully consecrated by God. Captain Wallis is in America speaking at various conferences and may be addressed (until September 30th) at Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, III., or at 944 E ast 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.-EDITOR.

I N THE City of Dublin, the cap- the whole so mighty a lever to up- ital of the Irish Free State, lift the young men of the com- there is a successful evan- munity." gelical, soul-saving Young Men's Christian Association. The work The Dublin Association has ad- hered in its doctrinal basis and in is essentially Christian and aggres- its practical administration to this sively spiritual. Its one purpose ideal for eighty-two years since is to win young men for Christ and its inception in 1849. It stands as then weld them together into the a lighthouse of spiritual testimony. happy fellowship of Christian serv- From the roof to the basement you ice. Any inferior objective would will look in vain for even a smok- betray the sacred trust to which ing room, a billard table or any the Y. M. C. A. has been commit- other agency, often considered so ted. As Dr. Theodore Cuyler once necessary to attract young men, said: "When the Y. M. C. A. but which are sometimes found ceases to evangelize, it becomes a to hinder a full-orbed wholesome sublime impertinence." Dr. Arthur Christian witness.

T. Pierson also remarked: "Al- For over ten years it has been though no institution in the world my privilege to labor among the is perfect, it seems to me that the young men of Dublin – good-na~ Y. M. C. A., when its Christian tured, warm-hearted, and charac- chatader is maintained supreme, terized by that alluring South of is as nearly complete as any human Ireland temperament. Fine, manly, organization could be. I know of attractive Christians they make no other institution that has on when the Lord really captures 2 667

them and consecrates their delight- an average of fifty or more robust, ful characteristics to His own serv- keen, healthy, manly fellows. That ice. They are not in any sense meeting is a spiritual tonic. Fire, "nambys" or milk-sops. Watch life and a passion for souls charthem in the gymnasium (which is acterize their simple-hearted petionly a bare hall with very meagre tions. Open-air gatherings are held equipment). On the athletic field regularly on Monday nights in the I have seen a "Rugby" team of very heart of that Roman Catholic fifteen Christian fellows win their metropolis. Many stand around way through to victory, and wit- and listen with reverent attention ness for Christ on the way. Before to inspiring testimonies and apthe start of the game, I have known peals. Without denominational disthem to bow their heads in the pa- tinctions this happy family is a vilion and ask God's blessing on testimony to the unity of the Spirit the spor.t and seeking strength to and the one body of Christ. "play the game." The Dublin Y. M. C. A. believes in consecrated The original principles which recreation, as a means to an end, animated George Williams, the not an end in itself. Candidates revered founder of the Young for full membership in this Y. M. Men's Christian Association some C. A. are' passed individually at nine decades ago, stilI find expresthe monthly meeting of the general sion in this Irish branch. It has committee, a Board of Managers been and remains a living center composed mainly of "born-again" of Christian evangelism. The Metbusiness men. Scrupulous care is ropolitan Hall is packed every Sunexercised to maintain the spiritual day night with eager listeners to backbone of the Association. Evi- the Gospel. This evangelistic meetdence of conversion to God is a ing, with an average attendance of requisite for a full member. Asso- 1500, largely composed of young ciate members are young men of men and women, is the largest reggood moral character who desire ular gathering for any purpose in to use the "Y" but who may not the Irish Free State. The magnetmake profession of faith in Christ. ism which draws this young life These have no voting powers and together every Sunday night, sumcannot control the policies of the mer and winter, is no other than Association. Scores of associates the dynamic of the Word of Life. have been won for Christ and have The ushers are all Y. M. C. A. men become full members. with a salvation smile and a love for souls. The choir is composed Bible study is an important part of Christian voices, under the leadof this work. Every Sunday after- ership of a consecrated conductor. noon some seventy young fellows Bright Gospel hymns and choruses, meet for earnest but informal occasional solos or duets, are alstudy of the Word of God. Fellow- ways followed by a clean-cut evanship with this radiant bunch of gelistic appeal by a servant of God spiritual firebrands, hearing their with a living message. The Metrousing songs and testimonies, will ropolitan Hall has been the birthput red blood into the faith of any place of thousands of souls for downcast Christian. A weekly practically all the great evangelisprayer and fellowship meeting is tic campaigns in Dublin are held held on Wednesday evenings with under the auspices of the Y. M.

EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUBLIN

C. A., and annual conferences are people together is like the spectacle convened here for the deepening of the Laodicean church. The of spiritual1ife. The reading room Church cannot compete with the is carefully guarded against the world, whose specialists can proentrance of any unsound period- vide a much more attractive icals or books. amusement program. Our Lord's commission is to "feed his sheep," Can the modern young men of not to "amuse the goats!" Many a today really be captured by these church and many a Y. M. C. A. has old-fashioned methods and held to- so lost its living message that "Ichgether without resorting to acces- abod" is writ large upon its porsories which are looked upon as so WHERE 1,500 GATHER EACH WEEK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. GOSPEL MEETING essential in such work today? Ex- tals. Yet it was never truer that perience proves that they can. In the Gospel, preached in the power fact there are no other means of of the Holy Spirit, still grips men so effectively capturing young life and presents an appeal to which in these days, as was true fifty they will respond in spite of the years ago. Give Christ a chance! alluring twentieth century reper- Men may change outwardly with toire of the world, the flesh and the the times, but the heart's need is devil. ever the same and there is only one d i v i n e remedy. Any religious The present buildings occupied movement descending to carnal by the Association have an intermeans to win and hold the young esting history. In 1922 we were in the throes of one of those peri-

odical disturbances for which Irish rackish, with no attractive facilipeople seem to have a peculiar rel- ties to offer young men. Dr. E. J. ish. Our Y. M. C. A. premises were Pace of the Sunday School Times, the first to be destroyed, whereas who visited Dub lin recently, the Catholic Young Men's Society writes: next door was left intact! But the Lord had provided better things When I recall those happy two for us. Shortly before this build- weeks spent in the Dublin Y. M. C. A., ing was destroyed, the Association the climax of four happy months spent came into possession of the present in the British Isles; when I bring buildings as a free gift by order back to my memory that fine bunch of of court. This was the divine pro- Irish huskies, wholesomely clean, ravision for the emergency. The diantly aggressive in their witnessing work multiplied in its effectiveness for Christ; when I see again that as a result of this apparent calam- nightly throng of 1,500 to 2,000 perity. The Sunday night meeting de- sons eager for the Gospel, I thrill veloped from a few dozen to its again to my finger tips. present proportions, taxing the full capacity of the Metropolitan I am frank to say I never saw a Hall, which lutd been erected in Y. M. C. A. like that of yours. It connection with D. L. Moody's visit stands out in contrast with Y. M. C. to Dublin some fifty years ago. A.'s on this side of the water painfully From the same platform today the to our discredit. Here it seems that same Message preached by that in the inverse ratio of splendid, costly, man of God is still sounded forth. physical equipment, the spiritual ob- jectives for which the "Y" was origi- These facts are all the more im- nally founded are sadly relegated far pressive when we remember that into the background, and in some the Protestant population of the places are almost apologized for. Irish Free State has now dwindled down to a meager seven per cent. There in Dublin in an old building, This gives rise to peculiar prob- never intended to serve as a Y. M. C. A., with equipment approaching lems. The Committee of the Asso- shabbiness, you have carried on magciation has no sympathy with fi- nificently. As I looked about me and nancial drives, but prays to the saw the utter want of equipment I Lord, as the Chancellor of His own marvelled at the mighty drawing Exchequer, to meet the need. The power of the Gospel, which alone atentire budget is only $10,000 per tracts and holds that splendid group annum, with no provision for lux- of militant Christian young men. urious administration or big-salaried officials. Evangelical money is The present building was never scarce in the Irish Free State and erected as a Y. M. C. A., and for part of the money needed is liter- nine years we have sought to carry ally prayed in every year. The on in spite of these difficulties, but Committee feels that they should feel that the time has come when make known to the people of God God would have us launch out for who love aggressive evangelism, more adequate facilities. In this the needs. The buildings, unfor- we seek the sympathetic, prayerful tunately are prison-like and bar- cooperation of God's people in order that we may do more effec- tive service for Christ in this very needy Irish Free State.

CHURCHES O~'~'ER RELIGIOU:; TRAINING ~'U){ YUUNG 1'IlJOl'LE

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS BY THE REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Oorrespond'im'f} SecretfM'lI oj the Boa.Yd of 110me Missions lMla Ohurch Extension Methodist Episcopal Ohurch· .n.; MERICAN home missions are attractiveness of Christian ideals a task, altruistic in character of life; to reveal the ethical im- and unattempted by other plications, economic and social agencies, that ought to challenge significance of Christianity; to the utmost endeavors and re- demonstrate the fruitage of a func- sources of organized Christianity: tioning faith, vitalized by an ex- to insure to rural and urban com- perimental knowledge of essential munities, which without either realities in the spiritUal realm.

temporary or permanent personal Dr. Slosson defines religion as and material cooperation from else- "the perpetual realization of God; where would not benefit by them, the spiritualization of daily life."

the enriching ministries of the Canon Streeter maintains that Church of Christ. "Science is the expression of re- In the prosecution of their re- ality in terms of quantity; religion spective religious and social activi- is the expression of reality in terms ties, these denominational agencies of quality." But Saint James exseek cooperatively to portray the horts us to face the fact that re- *The sections served by the Methodist Epis- ligious realities are conclusively copal Board of Home Missions and Church Extpllsion include : the United States. Alaska, evidenced by a convincing com- Hawn!}, Puerto Rico, and a st:ict!y interde- bination of unselfish service and nominational missionary enterprISe In the Dominican Republic, foste1'ed by the Board for unblemished character. Christian Work in Santo Domingo. Through- The composite character of home out these territories, Methodism sustains cordial, cooperative relatio.nsi;lips toward similar denominational bome mISSIOnary agencies and missions must be understood in projects. 661

order to appreciate the significance functioning faith which touches of certain determinative factors the very tap roots of our individual that justify the validity of the mis- and collective ills: sin and selfish- sionary's claim to moral and ma- ness. The Sermon on the Mount terial support. Within the areas makes inner righteousness abso- embraced by Continental United lutely basic to normal expressions States and her possessions, our of individual and social human con- territorial contacts and functional duct. Dr. Robert A. Milliken, the activities are characterized by both Scientist, cherishes a conviction home and foreign field environ- that "it was because we lost belief ments, problems and service oppor- in the reality of moral and spirit- tunities. ual values that the World War The romantic story of American came; and if we do not find a home missions thrills the hearts of way to regain and strengthen that those who trace the trails and sense belief, then science is of no value."

the spirit of our country's patriotic Bewildered in mind and morals, pioneers and heroic circuit riders, mankind desperately needs the whose joint services to the nation clarity and buoyancy of a function- wrested a Christian civilization ing, fruitful faith.

from a forbidding wilderness. The The Christian Church is the most United States is the only first-class effective agency devised to date world power that was practically through which to channel Chris- born Christian; the colonization tianity's contributions toward the of America was characterized by a enrichment of humanity's heart, dynamic conscience. Current con- home and community life. Despite ditions indicate the danger of a the Church's frankly admitted limi- reversion to paganism unless tations; whatever men may think America's Christian Church con- of the crudities of certain credal stituency can be shocked out of its interpretations of Christianity; smug complacency. however severely they may be in- To develop democracies that are clined to criticize our imperfect safe for the world is even .more portraitures of Christian ideals of imperative than to make the world life and human relationships, the safe for democracy. Unless those fact remains that Jesus Christ, entrusted with governmental and Founder of Christianity, is still social control are dominated by the mankind's supreme character and Spirit of Jesus Christ, a democracy community service exhibit.

can become as ruthless as any au- "In spite of all its faults," says tocracy that has ever crushed le- Dr. William Adams Brown, "the gitimate human aspirations and Church of Christ is the one social activities. Only that democracy is institution touching men of all safe for the world whose super- races and nations which exists to structure is undergirded by the spread faith in the good God and fundamental doctrines of Chris- to unite men in a world – wide tianity: the fatherhood of God; brotherhood. Here surely is a fac- the brotherhood of man; the in- tor with which anyone must reck- finite value of an individual life. on who asks with soberness where We dare not ignore such consider- men are to turn for help in the ations. stupendous task of world recon- There is no substitute for a struction."

THE CHALLENGE OF HOM;E MISSIONS

The international significance of Under such circumstances there is home missions is evidenced by the scant hope for motion picture profact that the prevalent publicity duction improvement and purificaand portraitures of the worst fea- tion until the united voice of the tures of American life, radioed to Christian Church can be heard distant lands in the fraction of a with far greater emphasis in the second and flashed from commer- council chambers of America's cialized, debauched silver screens, movie czars. now constitute one of the most delicate and difficult problems that test The world-wide responsibility of the faith and fortitude of heroic home missions becomes convincforeign missionaries on the other ingly apparent with the perfection side of the globe. Cooperative of humanity's communication and criticism demands the discontinu- transportation facilities, the prac- tical annihilation of time and space MISSION GIRLS LEARNING 'ro MAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE ance of salacious, sex-saturated, and the advent of a "split-second" lawless, liquor-soaked films, with world. Hitherto distantly related their contaminating influence upon peoples have been compacted into the unfolding child life of the close neighborhoods, which need an infusion of the spirit of Christian world. brotherhood. Multitudes of effec- Unfortunately, too many stars tive missionary enterprises on the other side of the globe were initiof first magnitude in the motion ated and are fostered by returned picture sky, idealized and idolized nationals who were inspired to by impressionable youth, can quali- embrace Christianity while sofy as legalized, progressive polyg- journers in this country. amists, to whom the sanctities of the marriage vow, the sacredness So intimately do our home and of the American home and the laws foreign missionary activities, inof the land mean little or nothing.

terests and responsibilities inter- speaks with the "voice of author- lock; so intricate are the relation- ity" and of finality.

ships of organized Christianity's Second – Christianity's Bible is missionary personnel, home and a missionary manual, permeated foreign, that no thoughtful in- with the missionary spirit. The terpreter of local, national and in- New Testament context is liberally ternational movements, programs interspersed with stories of spirit- and policies for human betterment ual adventure, so characteristic of would presume to attempt their the spread of Christianity through- complete segregation. Not only in out the world. Personified by the America, confronted with the deli- advent of the Christ Child in Beth- cate and difficult twofold task of lehem, matchless revelation of di- Americanization and Christianiza- vine solicitude for erring mortals; tion, but in many otlier countries buttressed by the Cross of Calvary, is the fruitage of home missionary emblematic of love strong as death, service winning recognition. nay stronger; undergirded by the Incentives to the personal and Great Commission, embodiment of material support of missions ought the Master's valedictory to His to arrest the attention, stir the chosen disciples; exemplified by the heart and challenge the enthusiasm epochal message of the Apostle to of an alert Christian constituency; the Gentiles in the Athenian marto arouse in both clery and laity ket place, it is the impact of a the spirit that accounts for the missionary spirit that accounts for development of genuine Christian the respective contributions of hiscrusaders. Space limits preclude toric religious movements toward the mention of more than three: the sum total of good in the worTd. Third – The inescapable chal- First – Jesus Christ and His lenge of an unfinished task summessage to mankind, adequately mons us to service. Vast areas of taught and exemplified, constitute unevangelized rural territory and humanity's most vital mind and scores of sadly neglected, polyglot heart needs. His flawless character city centers throughout this counstands out in bold relief before try demand the attention of an the tribunals of twenty centuries American Christian statesmanship which subjected the validity of the with faith, fortitude and ability Nazarene's spiritual supremacy enough to spell problem with the claims to the acid test. His por- letters of opportunity. The range traiture of human possibilities in sections of the west, mountain recharacter building is unexcelled. gions of the south and backward Nations, governments, social and communities of New England, economic orders, even organized Ohio, Michigan and other states religion in some of its current reveal a wide-spread neglect of our rural missionary fields. Only forty forms of expression are manifestly per cent of New England's popu- lation is claimed by any church; imperfect and subject to labora- tory experimentation, but Jesus Christ is supreme. In the social thirty-three per cent of its populaand spiritual life of the world, His tion under nineteen years of age position is exclusive and impreg- is unidentified with any church nable; as can be said of no other school. Utah has seven counties personality in human history, He without a functioning evangelical

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS

Protestant mission in anyone of school buildings, has no church struc- them. ture or regular religious ministry to The following exhibits are il- a population of nearly two hundred. lustrative of the missionary chal- A score of county parishes in the Ken- tucky and Tennessee mountains await lenge: the inauguration of an adequate social Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the and spiritual service to hearts that Presbyterian Board of National Mis- hunger for a richer life.

sions, maintains that 10,000 American rural communities have no type of America's u r ban situation is ·church; that 30,000 American rural equally, if not even more disturb- communities have no pastor in resi- ing. Hundreds of congested city dence; that 13,400,000 American chil- centers, cosmopolitan communities dren under twelve years of age receive with their racial interlockings and no sort of religious instruction. State Librarian H. E. Dunnack, antagonisms, economic and social problems, clamor for considera- Maine: "100,000 of Maine's population tion. There is a studied purpose are without religious opportunities; on the part of corrupt politicians 95,652 families are unidentified with to defeat constructive legislation any church; 109,017 boys and girls of concerning moral issues. Organschool age are enrolled in no sort of church school." He estimates Maine's ized unrighteousness has become church attendance to be one in seven entrenched in the city. The grow- and mentions a community of 2,100 ing cities of America hold the people with 24 church members. balance of political power. If a Dr. Arthur Wentworth Hewitt, of democracy is to endUre, the work- ing majority of its voting units Plainfield, Vermont, author of "Stee- must be kept intelligent and moral. ples Among the Hills": "That some of The future of our country is at our villages are overchurched, I do not stake; the perpetuity of the sacred doubt, but am perfectly convinced that institutions, bought by the blood the greater part of our state is wholly unevangelized ground. The great majority of its people attend no church of a liberty loving people, is di- and are visited by no pastor." rectly involved.

Director of Publicity J. S. Swwell, Authoritative statisticians an- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, sub- nounce that in the 1932 national mits data on Clare County, Michigan: election, the United States will eleven townships, with forty-six public have approximately 4,000,000 new schools and an enrollment of 1,000 chil- voters to reckon with. Unless our dren, an English-speaking American prospective as well as our funcsection with a total population of 4,640, tioning citizenry can be vitally inbut no church at all in action. terested in and persuaded to do Dr. L. H. Sweetland, Methodist min- . serious, constructive thinking rela- ister, Hays, Kansas: "Paganism pre- tive to current, vital issues; to ap- vails in parts of Kansas. Within preciate the proportionate value of fourteen miles of Hays, in an American community of prosperous farmers determinative factors in our social, where I recently held services, there political and economic life; to grip were children sixteen years old who the real meaning of national and had not heard of Jesus Christ. Kan- international movements for husas has hundreds of boys and girls man betterment, how can we hope who are utterly ignorant of religion." to sense the significance of our exacting twentieth century citizen- Russell Springs, an inland Kansas (:ounty seat with substantial cQurt and ship or to insure to our ~n~:rntion

a proportionately substantial con- in terms of constructive commutribution toward the sum total of nity service and the enrichment of good in the world? social relationships, is a matter of immediate moment to the Chris- With a minimum monthly rack- tian leadership of our nation. We eteers' extortion toll of one billion would profit by the development of dollars to pay, according to the a more vivid consciousness of re- New York Crime Commission's re- ligious realities; a more clear cut cent report; confronted by a cur- realization of the actuality of rent crime culture of perfectly ap- God's presence and guidance; a· palling proportions; challenged by general recognition of the primacy the strange spectacle of millions of of prayer in our religious life; men unable to support their fam- the cultivation of an overwhelmilies on account of an unprece- ing passion for unselfish Christian dented commercial collapse; and service; the proclamation of a our social and spiritual ideals positive, dynamic Gospel message; threatened by the propagation of an evident dominance of the spiritpagan philosophies of life, the se- ual incentive in all of our missionriousness of the situation ought ary activities. to shock a nominally Christian America out Of her false sense of Isn't it strange that princes and kings; security. A silent church constit- That men and money and minor things; uency is impotent and unfruitful. That common folks, like you and me, For her own sake and for the sake Are builders for eternity? of the world, America's mind and heart must be Christianized. To each is given a bag of tools; A shapeless mass and a book of rules; A revitalized church member- And each must fashion, ere life has ship, the restoration of a functioning faith, buttressed by daily flown, demonstrations of religious reality A stumbling block, or a stepping stone.

COMING ARTICLES ON HOME MISSIONS O NE of the richest and most Home and Foreign Mission Life important subjects for study Compared, by Lillian Oyler. is the field of Home Mission in America. The variety and in- Do Jews Become Christians? by terest are almost unlimited. This John Stewart Conning. number of the REVIEW is devoted to the Home Missions study topics Religion for the Migrant Workof the year, which are in line with ers, by Adela J., Ballard. those discussed at the National Congress in Washington last De- The Church and the Working cember. Man, by E. M. Wahlberg.

Several of the most interesting Spanish-Americans – Asset or a papers in hand could not be in- Liability? by E. T. Cornelius. cluded in this issue and will appear in a subsequent number. Do not What Substitute for Christianmiss them. Among these are: ity? by James 1. Vance.

Why Give the Gospel to the Mor- Missions to American Indians, mons, by William E. LaRue. by Henry Roe Cloud.

ARE THE

AMERICANS?

BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, New York Institute oj SooiaZ a,net Religious Research T HE number of church mem- even with the use of recently per- bers (of all denominations) fected methods. So much land is reported by the Census of Re- required to supply a family living ligious Bodies in 1926 was 47.7 per that even if all the land were taken.

cent of the population of the United up, the farm families would live States in that year.1 Where are the far apart; and at the present stage others, the more than fifty-two per of development the dry lands have cent of the people who are outside an average of one family to the the churches? Are they evenly dis- square mile. There are thus .great tributed over the country or are stretches' of hinterland where the there relatively more of them in nearest neighbor is several miles certain kinds of territory? away. Many of the roads are still To answer these questions and to unimproved. Both homes and study types of areas that might be farms, and public facilities and in- found to have comparatively large stitutions, are being developed in proportions of the people outside the face of great natural obstacles the churches, the Institute of Social and frequent crop failures.

and Religious Research2 in 1928 Dry-farming territory of wide began an investigation which extent is found in the Columbia brought to light the fact that six Basin of Washington, Oregon and different kinds of territory of wide Idaho; also in two regions of the extent contain exceptionally large Great Plains, which lie between a numbers who are not merely out- more humid belt on the east and an side the membership but who are arid belt close to the Rocky Moun- practically untouched by the influ- tains, and which are separated by ence of churches. stretches of rougher and less fertile Only four of these six kinds of land. These three regions cover an territory will be considered here. area larger than that of New Eng- All are of recent development and land and the Middle Atlantic States are found largely in the Far West. combined; and they contain 807,- 000 people living outside of centers Dry-Fanning Areas of 2,500 or more inhabitants.

The youngest of these types is In one of the three dry-farming the dry-farming country. This was regions, three-fourths of the people not settled permanently till after are outside the churches; in the the better watered lands had been largely occupied because it is so second, three-fifths; in the third, arid that harvests are precarious four-fifths. Churches of a sort are not lacking; but they are un- 1 Estimated as balfway between tbe Census evenly distributed, the villages and figures for 1920 and 1930. some hamlets having several or- 'The findings of this study are presented in ganizations of different denomina- ~~tn!~~a~~ii~~u~hR~~~~~::" Nle~ti~~~t °i9~~~ tions, and other small centers and ~~~StBb';;;~d~ol~aih~ ~r~s~~de;rt'lcf~r the state- wide reaches of hinterland being 667

without any churches whatever. stituting one-sixth of the land area With a few striking exceptions the of the continental United States. churches are small and poor, have Notwithstanding its low density, very limited ministerial service, in 1920 this area had 619,000 inconduct no activities except occa- habitants living in the rural dissional preaching services and Sun- tricts. day schools, and have failed to win the cooperation of large propor- In the grazing region consisting tions of the people. In a repre- largely of Utah, where most of the sentative dry-farming county sur- people are Mormons, 55 per cent veyed, five-eighths of the country belonged to churches in 1926; in families had no regular contact western Texas, where three-fifths with church or Sunday school. of the inhabitants are Spanish- American Roman Catholics, the Yet nine-tenths of the dryland- proportion of the people belonging ers are Protestant by tradition; to churches was 52.5 per cent. In and will be reached, if at all, by the two Protestant grazing regions Protestant religioUS agencies. the situation was quite otherwise. In one only one-fourth of the peo- Grazing Country ple, and in the other less than one- sixth, were enrolled in the church Many unchurched Americans are membership. Of the twenty-eight also found in the arid grazing Protestant counties investigated, lands. Here the people are even only six had as high a proportion more widely scattered than in the as one-fifth of the people in the dry-farming country; for there is churches; nine had less than a an average of only one ranch in tenth; and three had less than a seven square miles. The climate is twentieth. And in more than half too dry for crops to mature without the total area of the entire fifty-five irrigation and the irrigable acre- sample counties of four grazing age is extremely small. The herbage regions, including both Protesis so sparse in some sections that tant and Catholic sections, less a cow must walk twenty miles in than one-fifth of the people were a day to get enough to eat. Off the ch urch members. main highways travel is over rough roads or rougher trails. Centers In a Protestant grazing county are few, and are strung along the surveyed by the Institute, threewidely separated streams and rail- fourths of the families had no regroads, leaving expanses of uninter- ular contacts with churches; and rupted hinterland hundreds of at the hour of service eleven permiles across. sons were outside church doors to one inside. Grazing country forms far the largest part of the territory be- The churches are few-an avertween the Rocky Mountains and the age of only three per 1,000 square Cascade and Sierra ranges, and is miles. Almost all such churches as also found in the drier and rougher exist are clustered in the larger parts of the Great Plains. In these towns. Not a few counties of over regions arid grazing land extends 3,000 square miles each have but over practically the whole of 110 one or two churches outside the huge counties, occupying three county-seat. times as large an area as the dryfarming country, and in fact con- These town churches try to dupli- cate the buildings and the program

WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED AMERICANS?

of the churches of older regions. people outside the church doors at Their rank and file, and even most the hour of service was sevenof their ministers, know almost eighths in the Michigan county, nothing of the thinly populated nine-tenths in the county in Minnehinterlands stretching far away in sota, and eleven-twelfths in that in every direction. Now and then Washington. From three-fifths to churches are started in smaller three-fourths of the children were centers; but most of these are not enrolled in any Sunday school. very short-lived. Though the cut-over sections Cut-Over Sections have many churches-thirty-one per 1,000 square miles-most of A third kind of territory having them are small. The denominamany unchurched Americans con- tional competition is intensified sists of sections recently denuded here by the presence of churches of primeval forests. With their serving groups of various foreign trees they have lost much of their races. Being small and in a land taxable property, and most of the of poor people, the churches cannot industries that formerly supported afford good buildings, well-paid a great part of the population. ministers, or many-sided programs. Many people have moved away. What these little churches offer In some cut-over districts stumps does not appeal to the general pubare being uprooted with great labor lic of their communities. and expense, and agriculture is being developed. But the farmers The Washington county conoften have to contend with poor tained two large districts entirely soil, stubborn natural growths, destitute of churches. This unforest fires and inaccessibility of churched area had four villages of markets. They live in isolation from 300 to 500 inhabitants, and amidst stump lands, marshes and nine hamlets of over 100 inhabisecond-growth woods, and to a tants. The whole population of great extent upon unimproved this neglected territory was some roads. Schools and other institu- 6,800. A few Sunday schools and tions are still imperfectly devel- monthly preaching services held in oped. Many of the people are im- schoolhouses or private homes, atmigrants of varied racial origins, tracted very small groups of peoattracted by the cheapness of the ple. Nearly 99 per cent of the popuncleared land. ulation never or hardly ever at- tended a service of worship. Two cut-over regions were investigated by the Institute, one lying Seven-eighths of the people of about the Great Lakes and the the cut-over sections, however, other in the Pacific Northwest. have Protestant traditions. The These two regions have a combined responsibility for affording them area of 12,000 square miles, and a effective religious ministry rests rural population of one and one- therefore on the Protestant Church. sixth millions. Mountain Distriots In three cut-over counties surveyed in Michigan, Minnesota and Many unchurched Americans Wasilington, seven-eighths of the are also found in districts among people were outside the church high mountains. Here communimembership. The proportion of the ties and scattered families live in isolation from the outside world

VERMONT: Lamoille County Orange County _ Open country ~ Villages with fewer than 500 inhabitants ~ Villages with 500 to 2500 inhabitants fZ#jIJJ Hamlets ~ Villages without marked contrast in population ~ Towns or small cities Used in IfHinterlands of the Ohurch/' Institute of Socia' and ReUgious RescQiTch, New York.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP (1926), FOR COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES, IN COUNTIES SURVEYED, REPRESENTING SIX DIFFEREJiT KINDS OF TERRITORY.

and even largely apart from neigh- weekly services even in summer. boring mountain districts. The iso- The only church in the county-seat lation is intensified by steep and had regular preaching services only circuitous approaches, by the scar- during the three summer months, city of railroads and the poor con- and even that not every year. dition of many highways, and by There were half as many closed the deep snows of winter. Mining churches as active churches. and lumber activities, which have usually formed the incentive to set- Many of the original settlers of tlement, have in many cases slack- the mountain counties, who were ened or died out. Farming encoun- very largely miners, had never had ters peculiar obstacles and poverty church affiliations; and the little is nearly universal. The develop- churches have not acquired a posiment of the institutions of civiliza- tion of influence. The general pubtion has been arrested in many of lic are indifferent to them, and the older mountain counties, and in many even of the church workers the younger ones is still at an early show a lukewarm and shame-faced stage. adherence.

Seventy-nine mountainous coun- In spite of this widespread indifties are fOl,lnd partly among the ference to the churches, a large two great masses of the Rocky majority of the people consider Mountains situated within the themselves Protestants, at least to United States and partly among the the extent of desiring the services Sierra Mountains of California. of Protestant ministers at funerals. They have a total area of over 173,- 000 square miles, and a rural pop- These four kinds of new terriulation in 1920 of about 424,000. tory having many unchurched Americans, taken all together, oc- In the forty-four of seventy-nine cupy three-eighths of the area of mountain counties taken as samples the United States, and their rural in the Institute study, more than popUlation in 1920 was about three three-fourths of the people were and one-third millions. All this outside the churches. In half these territory, except two regions of counties the proportion was more grazing country, is Protestant by than four-fifths; and in eight coun- predilection, if not in actuality; ties, more than nine-tenths. More- and therefore constitutes a Protover, of the population of a county estant responsibility. surveyed, persons 0 u t sid e the churches formed thirteen – four- Common Obstacles to Church Work teenths of the population, and in the c 0 u n try districts, twenty- A plausible explanation of the twenty-firsts of the population. At presence of so many unchurched the hour of worship, only twelve Americans in these four kinds of per thousand inhabitants were new territory lies in the fact that present at any religious service, these areas all exhibit charactere it her Protestant or Catholic. istics that render effective religious Three-fourths of the families had ministry extremely difficult. Only no regular contact with any church. small numbers of people live within Six of the ten Protestant churches a convenient distance from comhad fewer than twenty-five mem- mon meeting points. Assembling bers each. Only one church had for services and group activities is restricted not merely by distance, but by bad roads, lack of bridges,

and topographical barriers. Most few lay workers and contributors, of the people are so poor that they low expenditures, restricted minis- have little margin from which to terial service, and a very limited contribute to the support of church- program. The little churches found es. Because of the youth of these in these areas have been unable to lands, common acquaintance and influence and to enlist the people of the habit of cooperation, which fa- their vicinities; and in many cases cilitate the development of such they have lost their hold upon chil- social organizations as churches, dren of their original members.

have barely begun to develop; and Having come from long-estab- in some districts there is not even lished and densely settled sections any place to hold services except of the country, the church people the little country schoolhouses. of these lands have tended to work These conditions constitute effec- toward the forms of church admin- tive handicaps to the work of the istration familiar to them in their churches. But that the difficulties former homes, that is, toward full- are not insurmountable is shown time resident ministers, circuits or by the fact that grazing regions yoked churches, and increasing de- where Mormons or Roman Cath- nominational competition. None of olics predominate have compara- these methods is adapted to the tively few unchurched persons, al- conditions of the newer lands.

though the common obstacles to As a natural consequence, the church work exist there in an ex- number of unchurched Americans treme degree. Moreover, under in these four kinds of new terri- similar conditions a very few Prot- tory is not decreasing. Indeed, estant churches alone in their among eight Protestant regions of fields, through strong and sus- the four types, the Protestant graz- tained work, have succeeded in en- ing regions and the mountain re- listing large proportions of their gions, which are the oldest, and in natural constituents. which churches have therefore been Ineffective Churches at work longest, have more un- churched people than the more re- The presence of many un- cently settled cut-over and dry- churched Americans, therefore, is farming regions; and among the not an inevitable result of adverse three dry-farming regions, the conditions; it is to be attributed in older have more unchurched people part to characteristics of the than the younger. In general, the churches themselves. Each church new lands are witnessing, not the came into existence independently, churching of the unchurched, but as the church of some group of set- the dechurching of the churched.

tlers with a common preference for Scattered indications are not a particular denomination. Because lacking in these areas, however, the settlers of most neighborhoods of new experiments in interdenom- represented many diverse origins inational cooperation, and of the both geographical, social and racial, introduction of methods of church churches of various denominations work that are better adapted to tended to arise in close proximity. the peculiar environmental condi- In regions where people are so scat- tions. Upon the fate of such recent tered and so poor, neighboring developments depends the success churches are inevitably small, with of the churches of the new lands.

PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS *

BY THE QRf NEaVtiO."1H/,uE' RMiM88iAonN8~NPNre.sbMyteOriRanSEJh'UDr~hD.:' N Yk A. or B oard u. e; T HE topic is broad enough to new angles of old problems. That cover most of the concerns of process of expansion, change, and home missions. Few, if any, exploration is the history of Home problems of church work are ever Missions. It is also its present completely solved. This is not so and doubtless will be its future. much a confession of weakness as it is a recognition that America The Problem of Extension has experienced a constant process of growth and change. There are The Home Missions Congress no static problems in home mis- formulated a definition· of Home sions to be solved by exact formula Missions which emphasized five asbut there are a succession of prob~ pects. The most elemental of these lems undergoing continuous alter- is "to make the Church available to those sections of America which ation. Home Mission work began as a lack its ministry." We may call problem of preaching the Gospel this the problem of physical extenand planting the church in new sion, the provision of at least a communities. Enlarging territory minimum of religious privilege for and expanding population kept our every community in home mission fathers keenly aware that no sooner territory. The planting of new was this problem advanced toward churches virtually ceased three solution in one section than it was decades ago save in growing cities recreated for them elsewhere. The and suburbs. In most sections the frontier line receded before them. larger denominations are substan- They never quite caught up with it. tially reducing the number of their Then, in due time they became churches. It is recognized that aware that communities differed in many areas have more churches many vital ways and that these than they need. On the other hand differences constituted other prob- thousands of small communities are l~ms for the church. The composi- still completely unchurched. Chiefly tIon of the population changed. this concerns the more sparsely Contrastp, in race, language, color, settled portions of our country. culture, ~conomic status and social Where populations are dense a opportunity, religious background community without a church is a and outlook, accessibility, and gen- rarity, although every expanding eral standard of living-such fac- city or industrial area furnishes its tors so completely characterized the quota of new communities for course of American development as which churches must be provided. to keep the missionary enterprise Usually both resources and interest constantly exploring new ways to are available for the meeting of meet new situations, or to deal with such needs. But there is a mar- ginal problem not so dramatically t" '1 I hls brief paper has no ambition to list! evident and not so easily command- ing either interest or support. Scatbi e one o:l!er a solution for all the unsolved tered throughout the country are Pptlreor mlet m8s: of home missions. Its limits only c<?mment on certain ones of unquesoned slgmficance.-H. N. M.

3 673

many thousand small neighbor- largement of the service of exist- hoods, mostly isolated, with their ing churches. The Congress defini- populations aggregating in the mil- tion of Home Missions includes as lions which together constitute the its first element the following: most striking instance of religious "To win men and women to dis- neglect. Every state in the Union cipleship of Jesus Christ, to unite in which there are mountains, or them with other disciples in the cut-over timber lands, or dry-farm- fellowship of the Christian Church, ing areas, or small industrial cen- and to educate them for worship ters attracting foreign labor, as and service at home and abroad by coal mines or oil developments, has helping them to discover and to its share of these unchurched accept for themselves and for soneighborhoods. * ciety at large the full consequence The fact that this neglected pop- of Christian discipleship." The ulation is widely scattered and is Congress repeatedly called atten- usually found in very small aggre- tion to the fact that within com- gates, makes religious ministry for munities amply provided with them a matter of serious difficulty. churches are very many people who Frequently Sunday-school missions are almost completely overlooked or some similar form of itinerant by them. In almost every commu- service offers the only practicable nity, large or small, are people out- solution. Elsewhere churches could side the churches who are never be maintained, but would need a definitely sought out with the chal- large measure of missionary sup- lenge of Christian discipleship or port which has not hitherto been the ministry of Christian service.

available. Generally speaking, no Sometimes it is a particular racial satisfactory program could be de- or social group that is overlooked.

veloped along strictly denomina- Sometimes it is an isolated rural tional lines but must be sought neighborhood near the borders of through the medium of interde- the community. More frequently it nominational cooperation. Such is just a case of scattered folk who distinctively missionary responsi- are not noticed by the churches.

bilities as the Mormon area, the In the beginnings of Home Mis- Indian reservations and Cuba, sion work there was constant em- show considerable populations for phasis upon the responsibility of whom no evangelical work has ever each church to extend its own min- been attempted. Here the impulse, istry not only throughout its own and at the outset the financial sup- community but into neighboring port, must come almost entirely communities. That emphasis is as from the outside. m u c h needed today as ever.

Churches frequently are lacking in The Overlooked Groups that missionary zeal directed to- There is another aspect of ward their own immediate areas. church extension which is con- They have generally no conception cerned not with the planting of new of a larger parish for which they churches or the development of new are responsible. They tend to think forms of ministry, but with the eii- of their own constituencies rather than of the total populations to be *' Cf. Hinterlands of the Ohurch. Elizaheth reached. The churches in the aver- R. Hooker, Institute of Social and Religions Research, 1931. age village draw enough members

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS

from the surrounding country to nance of any reasonable program. weaken and discourage such open In many parts of the country a country churches as may still be startlingly large proportion of the there, but do not make a consistent rural churches have less than effort to strengthen such country twenty-five members each and opchurches or to provide that thor- erate on budgets of less than $500 ough ministry for rural people a year. In the towns and cities, which would make the country while there are, of course, many churches unnecessary. The result churches of outstanding strength, is that the country areas adjacent the typical church operates perilto village or town or city are be- ously near the line of bare subsistcoming the most poorly served sec- ence. tions in the nation. As regards the problem of the city, it was empha- This situation is, obviously, in sized in the Congress that the city part due to the existence of more must be viewed as a whole and that churches than our present church any consideration which does not strength could reasonably be exemphasize the responsibility of pected to support. In part it is due each church in a city-wide strategy to our failure to select out and is fatally inadequate. energetically develop that large number of churches which are in a For the country as a whole it is position to render valuable service significant that the proportion of but which have never been suffiour population which is outside of ciently promoted. Among the spethe membership of all churches has cific problems involved here are remained the same for at least many of the hardy perennials of twenty-five years. Prior to that Home Mission history-such as the time the church consistently grew development of competent leadermore rapidly than the population ship; the provision of a just and as a whole. It almost seems as if reasonable minimum of salary; the the Church were content to peg its development of local financial rework at the point which it has now sources for the support of the reached with half of the population church; the encouragement of local in and half of it out of the church initiative and local m.anagement. membership. There are considerations here of The Problem of Development. ecclesiastical policy which run well beyond the range of home mission- This consideration leads us at ary responsibility or resources. once to a third one which might be There are three striking facts, called the problem of church devel- however, that apply with almost opment. The Congress definition equal force to all of the larger emphasizes the need "to supply Protestant denominations. The first adequate church leadership where is that each of them has a very the work of the present church is large number of churches which unsuccessful or inadequate." It are either chronically vacant or are seems not to be generally appreci-· quite inadequately served. Many ated that a large proportion of all such churches are served by men Protestant churches in both city who are compelled to make much of and country are below the point of their living outside of their minisnumerical and financial strength try. Others are so combined in which is adequate to the mainte- circuits as to put an unreasonable

burden upon their ministers and elementary parish school conducted provide the churches only with as the precursor of the public long-range and part-time care. The school which the people are not yet second fact is that our existing interested or able to maintain and system of church support provides having as its objective the provimany of our ministers with some- sion of the standard elements of an thing less than simple justice. elementary training. Many such Burdens are piled upon them which schools formerly conducted have a man can hardly carry and the long since been given up. They support is inadequate and often precarious. Looked at broadly, it have achieved their purpose of eduwould seem that we have not yet cating the community to a sense of learned how to make the most effective use of our ministerial per- the value of public education and sonnel or to enable them to make the state has relieved the church of the most effective use of their tal- what in our Protestant system we ents. The third fact demonstrated regard as a state responsibility. daily from end to end of our coun- Ultimately it is to be hoped Home try is that the community which Missions will not need anywhere to is over-churched is usually under- conduct schools of this type since ministered and the thing that hurts our aim as the Congress put it is is not so much the surfeit of "to supplement rather than to subchurches as the lack of construc- stitute for the responsibilities of tive personal ministry. the state in education."

The Problem of the Underprivileged Other more advanced or more specialized types of mission schools The fourth element of the Con- were developed in due course. gress definition concerns our service to those in need: "In the case These schools do more than the of handicapped or retarded areas state might do if it were willing or underprivileged groups, to as- and able. They discharge a spesist in providing those institutions cific and particular missionary purand services which are the neces- pose in relation to our total prosary elements·of a Christian stand- gram. The provision of a trained ard of living to the end that the and consecrated Christian leader- Christian community life may be ship will be a major objective for developed." This aspect of Home a long time to come in all of our Missions raises a problem which is twofold, to know when to provide distinctively missionary areas. such service and to know when to Other forms of service ministry cease to provide it. which were developed rather later The earliest missionaries to the than the mission school have at- American Indians found it desir- tained places of grealfinfluence in able to teach them to read and write and to instruct them in the the present program. Medical servrudiments of agriculture and hand- ice is perhaps the most fundamenicraft. The mission school naturally resulted. As developed through tal of these. The more impoverished the years it has taken a number of sections of the country are still characteristic forms. There is the woefully lacking in hospital facili- ties and competent medical and public health service. We have not in this country generally estab- lished either in theory or in prac- tice the responsibility of the state in this field. Our Indian population

is about the only considerable ex- are poor; or alien, or imperfectly ception and even here the provision adjusted to their environments, or made by the Federal Government groups in process of transition, is quite inadequate. While the mis- there is definitely room for this as- sion boards have done yeoman serv- pect of our ministry.

ice in many parts of the home Christ and the Social and Civic mission territory in equipping hos- Questions pitals, maintaining doctors and nurses and conducting a general The fifth and final aspect of the health program, this, in relation to Congress definition takes us into the existing need, is probably the the realm of applied Christianity.

most undeveloped aspect of our This emphasizes our responsibility program. To cite a single instance, "to bring the Christian impulse to the Dominican Republic has one bear upon the broad social and physician to every 8,700 people as civic questions of our day." We are compared to one physician for here concerned with a problem of every 700 people in the United interpretation and education rather States. There are just seven than with the conduct of specific trained Dominican nurses in the institutions or activities. No con- whole Repubtic, all of them gradu- sideration of the duty and oppor- ates of the mission hospital, or one tunity of the church can ignore the trained nurse to 128,000 people, question of the bearing of Chris- whereas in New York there is one tian principles upon those problems trained nurse to every 305 people. of our modern world which chal- An unstandardized, but very lenge the consistency of our Gospel.

valuable feature of the service pro- The Congress noted, for example, gram of Home Missions, is the that "the exceptional difficulties community or neighborhood house. under which many of our fields are In some sections the neighborhood laboring in this year of business house is. the forerunner of the depression accentuate the respon- church, doing the pioneer work in sibility in the field of economic an area where personal ministry is well-being. We believe our Home the only possible avenue of Chris- Mission Boards should take the tian approach. In other sections, leadership in summoning Christian notably in the service of the alien people to shape the economic struc- populations of our great cities, it is ture of American life in accordance a more or less permanent adjunct with Christian ideals. It is not to the church, providing those enough to deal with economic crises forms of adapted service to per- as they occur. So far as in us lies, sonal need which require a special- we must take measures to prevent ized equipment and training be- their occurrence and to guarantee yond the resources of the average to all our people an opportunity to conventional church. There are no achieve a Christian standard of practical limits to the degree to living."

which this type of service could Various aspects of this problem be profitably expanded whether come up at almost every stage of through a separate service station our work. If our concern is with or through special workers at- the Negroes, or with any of our tached to organized churches. As foreign-speaking groups, notably long as there are families which the Orientals on the coast and the

Mexicans in the southwest, we can- our ecclesiastical assemblies. A not be oblivious to questions of race rather impressive volume of resodiscrimination. If our concern is lutions have been passed. The difwith our great industrial popula- ficulty here does not seem to be in tions we cannot avoid an inquiry as determining what ought to be done. to what Christianity has to say The "unsolved problem" is how to about relations in industry. Unem- get it done. The Congress emphaployment and poverty cannot be sized that we ought now to pass viewed as exclusively economic from the "resolution" stage to the phenomena. International goodwill "action" stage by an aggressive is more than a political problem. movement of concerted effort with One might almost indefinitely elab- the dual purpose of eliminating orate the catalogue of questions competition and of cooperatively that point the moral that the extending our service to all un- Church today must concern itself served areas. To this end our first with all these problems of life ad- need is a question of attitude and justment in our modern world. spirit. We have the technique and the organization. What we need is Comity and Cooperation a wider diffusion of a cooperative spirit. At the same time it is nec- To this list of unsolved problems essary and desirable that we consuggested by the Congress defini- tinue to extend and develop the tion of Home Missions must be various cooperative organizations added two others. One is the prob- which in cities, states and nationlem of interdenominational comity ally provide the channels through and cooperation. The sincerest which our evangelical bodies may friend of the church must concede work together in their common that there is here an unsolved prob- tasks and study together their comlem of great urgency even while mon problems. contending what is undoubtedly the case, that rather remarkable prog- If we could find the way· to ress has been made in recent years deepen the spiritual life of the along this line. This was expressed Church we would doubtless in so in the Congress findings in the fol- doing increase its missionary zeal. lowing significant sentence: "It is If the church as a whole had an inthe plain truth that awareness of escapable conviction that it must go the significance of this problem is a forward, doubtless the means with modern development, that much of which to go forward would be the urgency of it is created by mod- found. In all our work primacy ern conditions, that we are trying must be given to the fundamental in a decade to undo the mistakes of religious motive. A stronger detera century and that, however uneven our success, we have made mination to prosecute the work of real progress and are developing the desire and the will to go for- the church will grow out of nothing ward to success." but a deeper religious experience. For some years now the question of interdenominational cooperation "What we need and what we believe has had the serious consideration the church at large needs is a renewed not only of mission boards but of and more vital consciousness of God; a sense that Jesus is Saviour and that there is none other either for the indi- vidual or for society, that without Him we can do nothing, that through Him we can do anything that needs to be done."

THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY

GONE?

BY THE REV. MALCOLM DANA, D.D., New Haven, Conn.

Director Oountry Life Depa,rtrneut" Cangrega.Uona,l Church Extcnsh.m BoardtS T HE distinctly open country "Urban? Why, bless your heart, type of church is probably we are nothing but an overgrown destined to share the fate of country town. This city is made up the crossroads store and the village of farmers who brought along with blacksmith shop. A town and coun- them their own habits and ways of try church is on the way with a looking at and doing things."

parish planned to include both cen- The visitor told this incident to ters and adjacent countrysides. an audience a while later, and re- Rural religion and the country marked: church are therefore entering upon "These people were describing a new and most important era, al- the same thing, but from opposite though their work may be more poles of experience. What is going qualitative than quantitative. Those on is interpenetration. City influ- interested are challenged to devise ences are backing up into the coun- new plans and programs suited to try, and rural folks are building a changed and changing country- themselves and their customs into side. The task is not an easy one. the life of urban centers."

It calls for a modern appraisement This movement calls for serious of the country church, and for a and thoughtful attention! Such thorough understanding of signifi- silent and subtle interchange chal- cant trends and movements in the lenges rural and city churches alike rural religious and secular fields. to see to it that neither institution Rural·Urban Interpenetrations suffers from this important give' and take.

Both the rural and urban reli- :Back·tier Populations gious forces are challenged to deal with a movement described by a In contrast to the merging of in- well-known sociologist. He was terests is the development of a new visiting in a small Iowa town and type of rural isolation. The fact referred to it as "rural." The clas- of diminishing popUlations is gen- sification was resented in some such erally recognized. But the effects words as these: of the exodus to the cities, and the "We are not rural, or different moving of country people out to from city folks. We dress and act paved highways are not so well as they do. We have city conveni- known. Nevertheless, back-tier ences in our homes, and go to urban populations are developing in many centers for our pleasures and en- quarters of the land. Superior folk joyments." still live in depleted areas and will A few days later he was talking continue to do so. But these migra- to one of the leading bankers of a tions are partly responsible' for large city not far distant from this "rural vice equalling anything to same village. He happened to use be found in Chicago, New York or the word "urban," which evoked Boston; spiritual illiteracy match- this comment: ing any book illiteracy to be found 679

in the 80uthern mountains; and a peals to mere sentiment and emo- need for medical missions almost tion.

as keen as in India and Africa." Attitudes Toward Mission Aid Nor are these conditions charac- teristic of regions where the great A fourth challenge asks for a distances and sparsely settled areas newly conceived, better designated might be expected to produce isola- and differently administered "mis- tion and loneliness. They exist in sion aid."

older and more populous states, and Rural churches were never more are often to be found only a few needed to help solve the problems miles back .from old and historic of the American countryside, and churches quite given to celebrating to assist in mitigating serious con- their one hundredth and one hun- ditions existing there. But dimin- dred and fiftieth anniversaries. In- ished memberships and constitu- deed, "overlooking" is fast being encies make it impossible for them recognized as a more frequent and to do the work alone and unaided.

reprehensible sin than that of the Nevertheless, there is a growing more talked about "overchurch- disinclination on the part of rural ing." Churches of the countryside ministers and churches, and even are therefore challenged to go out more on the part of young men who from even small centers to experi- are thinking of entering the min- ence the joys of "detours," and to istry, to be termed "missionary."

discover the blessedness of a new Some think the time has come to mission and field of work in the drop that word from the vocabu- region of back-country roads. lary of religious work. What was Passing of Pioneer Home Missions once a help has become a hindrance and an embarrassment. Churches Another challenge has to do with which are most needed, and which the passing of home missionary have the best right to help, are days. These days are gone, along generally the very ones that will with the disappearance of the fron- not ask for or accept so-called "mis- tiers, and rural work is becoming sion aid." This prejudice is ex- pretty much alike everywhere. Dis- plicable! Words change their pop- sertations on such themes as "The ular significance and meaning.

Modern Efficiency of the Country "Charity," for example, used to be Church" sound rather prosaic when a strong and self-respecting word compared to the more thrilling with little or no suggestion of con- tales of pioneer days. descension, almsgiving or dole.

These changes undoubtedly ex- Nowadays the worthiest poor re- plain, to some extent at least, the sent "charity" and abhor even the falling off in benevolent interest slightest idea of becoming "clients"

and giving, experienced by all of of some social service agency. It is the major denominations. Never- much the same with the word "mis- theless, the rural religious enter- sionary!" The term once stood for prise is challenged to vindicate pioneering, the heroic opening up sound theory which claims that ef- of hitherto unsettled lands, and the forts to increase the efficiency of building of new civilizations. But the average country minister and now the word has become too much his church will, in the long run, get of a label to indicate churches re- more permanent results than ap- ceiving financial aid. And churches

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE1

which have always been independ- sistance will be given or withheld ent, but are now fallen on hard according to the will and wish of times, are not likely to sue for certain individuals. So, with in- "mission aid." Thus, work which creasing frequency, some of the should be pushed more vigorously most needed and worthwhile than ever, and along new and ad- churches, prefer to die rather than venturesome lines, often' languishes ask for or receive "mission aid" or dies. administered in such a manner.

State ideas and procedures may State ideas and practice are adeindicate the way of escape from a quate to meet the situation. Devery real dilemma. The state frank- nominational funds might be raised ly realizes a tendency for popula- and administered in the same imtions and money to concentrate at personal manner, as supplementaurban centers, thus leaving behind tion or equalization funds. When depopulated and impoverished churches have raised a fair proporareas. It therefore creates and tion of the money necessary to semaintains special funds to help in cure privileges commensurate with matters of schools, roads and their needs and opportunities, they health. When these places have also would automatically become raised a certain percentage of the beneficiaries of funds created to funds necessary to meet local needs, stimulate that very achievement. they become automatically benefi- In lieu of all that country churches ciaries of state moneys set apart have given up from time immemofor the express purpose of supple- rial that city churches might live, menting their own. Such procedure such assistance could never be conis self-operative, self-adjusting, sidered "charity" or even benevoand works everywhere the same. lence. It would be sheer justice! Money is not given or received as The arrangement would be accharity. On the contrary, the meth- cepted as a just and equitable od is considered a just and states- method whereby churches everymanlike one. It enables peoples where might be helped to a leaderand communities everywhere to get ship, equipment and means, suffiand maintain institutions and priv- cient to guarantee to remote and ileges which guarantee the same impoverished churches and areas high levels of citizenship through- the same high levels of religious out the entire state. privilege now possible only to more accessible and well-to-do churches Like conditions in the field of and regions. rural religion argue for similar ideas and a like strategy. Church Comparisons with Modern Agriculture populations have always drifted cityward resulting in depleted and The fifth challenge to rural reliimpoverished country churches. gion and the country church is for Nevertheless, the latter are expect- a technic and attainment which can ed to cope with the most exacting stand comparison with those of the period of their history. The task great avocation of the countryside is an impossible one! Therefore -agricultUre. these churches must ask help, if they are to receive any, from some The rural church simply must state official or board. The trans- continue to exist and get results in action is highly personal, and as- the face of heavy odds. Its task is

rendered doubly hard because it is he will have little or nothing to do forced into daily comparison with with either. They will not be able the technic and achievements of to command his respect, following scientific agriculture and machine and support. farming. And few churches can bide the test! Nevertheless, they This challenge to efficiency does are challenged to do so. Two phases not belittle a primary need for conof this requirement are worth con- secration, spiritual mindedness, or sidering. religious fervor and devotion on the part of the rural minister. It In the first place, the rural does maintain, however, that coloschurch is bound to cooperate in sal piety can never do its perfect producing successful farmers. A work until it operates by means of noted economist cites the fact that a technic and program comparable according to a natural law there is to those of scientific agriculture. a tendency for the best lands to Nor is such efficiency alone matter pass into the hands of the most of ministerial efforts. The rural efficient farmer. Therefore, if rural minister has other needs than those America is ever to be evangelized of financial assistance. State offithe Christian farmer must be the cials are challenged to become best farmer." These statements sug- something more than mere placegest two queries. If the inefficient ment men and money getters. They farmer is even now being pushed themselves must become efficiency off the soil, will not a similar fate experts and field specialists interovertake the inefficient country ested and informed in a now well minister in a coming day of fewer established rural church technic. and better churches? Again, if evangelization of the countryside is New Conceptions a matter of making the Christian farmer the best farmer, must not The eighth challenge bids the the rural church be vitally inter- rural minister and the country ested in a successful agriculture as church acquire and practice right well as in the more distinctly spir- conceptions of both community and itual achievements? parish.

In the second place, the rural Accusation is made that the Protminister must be the peer of the estant Church has always possessedfarmer. Twenty-three per cent of two great weaknesses. It has not the people are now food producers. had a theory of parish based upon But the claim is made that ten per a study of the area to which it cent of the population of the United ought to minister, and it thinks in States will ultimately feed the nine- terms of constituencies rather than ty per cent. What does that sig- of populations. Parish, it is afnify? This. That ten per cent firmed, has never been a geographfarmer is destined to be the most ical concept at all, but has been the intelligent, highly trained, indus- sum of the church's supporters and trious, and efficient farmer that the adherents. Churches are primarily world has ever seen. There is chaJ- concerned abo u t "birth-right" lenge to the rural minister and his members, or about peoples of parchurch! Both must watch that ten ticular social levels or intellectual per cent farmer in method, equip- types. Families can live within ment, industry and results, or else easy distance of a number of churches and yet be no part of the

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE?

attentive concern of anyone of the same. According to the latest them. definition, a Larger Parish is "a Such faults are largely due to definite area, preferably one form- early policies of Home Missionary ing a natural community, where days when it was the custom for the religious groups join in a com- denominations to rush in pell mell, mon ministry, with a representa- all together, to occupy so-called tive council and a diversified serv- "strategic centers." Such irreli- ice."

gious competitions in turn begat This is a sound application of the two unpardonable sins of Prot- sociological discoveries. It is also estantism, viz., over-churching and following the lead of such move- over-looking. And, strangely, the ments as farmer cooperatives and second has always been resultant the consolidated school, and for from the first! Surveys show an similar ends. The Larger Parish almost universal fact! Whenever secures for the rural religious en- and wherever there is congestion terprise unity of action and a of religious privilege at village and larger area of patronage and sup- town centers there is always a cor- port. It makes possible better responding neglect of nearby and leadership and more ample equip- adjacent countrysides. ments. The cooperating peoples get Happily, the challenge to better together what no single group things is being accepted. A fact- of them might get alone. The pro- finding age, with its "survey meth- gram is a seven-day-a-week one, od," is fixing responsibilities for and considers the whole man and a newly discovered "actual commu- the entire life process. It is "com- nity" or "trade area." These com- munity minded," and seeks to dis- munities include both villages and prove the general accusation made their respective "town's land against rural churches, that very foundations." Catching step with few of them "are community sociology, enterprising ministers churches in the sense of actually and churches are perceiving that serving, or attempting to serve, all the "parish" must be identical with elements in the community and all these easily discoverable natural aspects of community life." It is communities. And services ren- also "activity centered," and at- dered by the rural minister and the tempts to do away with another country church must be to every weakness of the Protestant Church.

last soul living upon such an "in- "The most amazing thing about the habited area of land." country church is on how meager a program it can keep alive and satis- Ministry to Areas and Populations fied. Such a program costs very A final challenge to the rural little, and secures benefits for the minister and the country church is community that are proportional." to think and serve in terms of areas "Over-looking" is also to be banand popUlations. ished along with over-churching! The newer ideas of community Every individual and family living and parish are finding their best within the Larger Parish is not application in an increasing use of only to be discovered, but also made the Larger Parish. The latter is "a part of the attentive concern" perhaps more of a movement than of one of the cooperating churches, it is a technic and plan everywhere and of the Larger Parish itself.

AMERICA ENDURE

RELIGION?

BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York Author of "The Fell_shi" vf Toil!'; Secretary 0/ the ROMd of National Mi8sions oJ the Presbytenan Church in the U. S. A.

N o ONE who knows history vantages which stable government will question the affirmation offers to the citizens, as a whole, that the religious need of and which orderly self-restraint the nation is its primary need. offers to each one, replace super- Until this is supplied the nation is natural sanctions and hold in check not secure and it cannot be free. the violence of masses and the self- A nation may exist without reli- indulgent impulses of the individ- gion but it cannot live without it. ual? History, if she cannot give a Experience has shown that reIi- complete answer to this question, gion is the most efficient of all fac- tells us that hitherto civilized so- tors in human history because it ciety has rested on religion, and furnishes at once essential ideas, that free government has pros- inspires great motives, controls so- pered best among religious peo- cial conditions and creates great pIes."

men. "Religion," said Daniel Web- Religion has a power that noth- ster, "is a necessity, an indispensa- ing else has to make bad men good, ble element in the life of a nation; to turn the profane to the holy, the there is no living without it." man unreal into the man most true.

Religion is the only basis upon Science has not that power, nor which a commonwealth that will has art. They are witnesses to the endure can be built. No amount of elevation of man, but they do not wealth or extent of culture has cause it. A noble religion causes ever given a nation strength when the elevation of man, creates his the religious element has been in science and his art. The forward decay. "Sometimes, standing in the movements of the world have been midst of a great American city," led by good men and women, per- says Mr. James Bryce in the Amer- sons made good by their religious ican Commonwealth, "one is star- ideals. History and experience tIed by the thought of what might prove that religion is the motive befaII this huge, yet delicate, fab- that turns the wheels of daily life, ric of laws and commerce and the inspiration that prompts self- social institutions were the founda- sacrifice, the force of will that re- tion it has rested on to crumble sists temptation and prompts obe- away. Suppose that all these men dience to truth, the aspiration that ceased to believe that there was develops character and guides con- any power above them, any future science. '-·'fII; before them, anything in heaven In America we are face to face or earth but what their senses told today with what may be called the them; . . . would man say, 'Let supreme moment in our history as us eat and drink, for tomorrow we a nation. It is the people who rule die'? or would custom, and sym- now, and unless God lives in and pathy, and a perception of the ad- rules through the people, the end 684 of all our struggles, the goal of all Democratization without Chris- our hopes and the boast of all our tianization is not sufficient to save progress wj]} be chaos, and chaos America. History shows that de- means death. No nation ever need- mocracy apart from religion is ed more than America needs the mechanical, powerless and lifeless high inspiration and guidance of -a form without a spirit. The an enabling and compelling reli- mere transfer of governmental and gious faith. social control from the self-seeking Socialization without Christian- few to the self-seeking many would ization is not sufficient to save not of itself be of any great benefit America. History abounds with to the nation or assure its endur- proof of the inadequacy of social- ance. Experience records the fact ization without moral impulse and that democracy apart from the spiritual power either to bring "fear of God" has always resulted about any permanent reform or to in failure, in disorder and in ter- account for it. The modern world ror. Lacking the spirit of Christ is beginning to see that no new leg- the Republics of Florence and Ven- islation win suffice. No new indus- ice yielded to dictators. For the trial system and changed economic same reason the first Republic of order in th~mselves will create the France passed through anarchy new social order which will insure and blood and then under the des- the endurance of the nation. There potism of the first Napoleon, and is no difficulty that cannot be over- the second Republic was easily come if one sets out with the right transformed into the empire of kind of citizens, but it must not be Napoleon Third.

forgotten that the chief sources of Democratization without Chris- our national and international tianity is not the way of salvation troubles are old-fashioned selfish- for a nation. Such a democracy is ness and ignorance. All efforts of a dead machine. Both history and socialization that ignore or evade experience demonstrate that de- the effects of selfishness and sin is mocracy cannot be worked without a socialization dealing with the a constant and practical recogni- symptoms of our social ills and not tion of the fundamental teachings its disease. What America needs of Christ, namely, the Fatherhood today is to be saved from the dis- of God, the brotherhood of man ease that is tarnishing its record and the infinite value of every hu- and impeding its progress; then in man soul in the eyes of God. When time the symptoms will take care democracy is based on these doc- of themselves. In laying the whole trines it is primarily a faith and stress on external conditions, in secondarily a form. Democracy is making these the main factors, the both a peril and a promise. With- chief element of the earthly para- out Christianity, it is a peril: with'

dise, socialization without Chris- Christianity, it is a promise.

tianization, is ethically imperfect Education without Christianity and inadequate to the purpose it is not sufficient to save America.

contemplates, n a mel y, that of Our fathers were wise in separat- bringing in a saved America ing the Church from education but wherein dwelleth righteousness, it does not follow that they intend- the only basis on which America ed to separate the Christian reli- can endure. gion from education. The effort to

do this has resulted in great in- be broken as soon as other ar- jury to both. If America is to en- rangements seem more profitable.

dure it must have the inspiration The Kingdom of God cannot be of religion and the restraint of claimed for America on any such education. "What God hath joined terms. The world waits for a de- together let no man put asunder," mocracy wise enough to rule and and experience is teaching us to- good enough to be trusted. It day that He has joined religion should be our prayer as Americans and education. To say that Chris- that such a democracy may be real- tianity has nothing to do with ized in America.

education is like saying that at- On the brow of the hill overmosphere has nothing to do with looking the bay where the Mayarchitecture. flower was moored they h a v e Character, rather than learning, erected a colossal statue of national is the primary need of a democracy significance. On the four corners that is to endure. Only as America of the pedestal repose four figures, is Christian can it endure. Social- representing Law, Morality, Freeization and education wit h 0 u t dom and Education. But above Christianity will inform America; these there stands erect the gigandemocratization without Christian- tic figure of Faith. Thirty and six ization will reform America, but feet she rises from the foot, which only as America is Christian can it rests upon a slate from Plymouth be transformed in a way that will Rock. With one hand she grasps insure its permanency. We shall an open Bible, and with the other never have a democracy in Amer- in graceful gesture she points the ica worth having on any other Nation to God. The only book she terms than those of Jesus Christ. opens to· the eyes of the world is He must be put into the thought the Bible-the book that has made of America, the conscience of the American Republic strong, and America, the relationships of the only book that can perpetuate America, the activities of America, it. The Bible has given us the only the spirit of America, if America true religion by which we have is to endure. Christ insisted that been led in our advances of liberty a nation's life, like man's life, con- and learning in the past, and the sists not in the things which it Bible offers us the only true relipossesses. Out of all the conflicts gion by which we can make progof abhorent forces it becomes clearer every day that the new ress in the cause of liberty and life order can only come to a nation in the future.

that has conquered animalism and God of our fathers, known .of old, has risen to the ranks of a brother- Lord of our far-flung battle line; hood founded on love and justice. Beneath whose awful hand we hold Mere social, political, economical Dominion over palm and pine; or educational conventions are like Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, the treaties of nations-made to Lest we forget: lest we forget.

AS SEEN BY AN

BY PAUL AUH, Ph.D., New York Korean Dit:i8i(Jn~ Cornmittfc on PrifndtJj Rnlntions A mo'»g .Fo'rciyn Stttd(:nt8 T wo newly-arrived students in Men and the Elephant." Whatever America were engaged in an picture the present writer may argument about the price of paint of America can be only fragadmission to a moving-p i c t u r e mentary and not representative. theater. America is a paradox, a dilem- "How can that be possible," said rna. It seems to flourish outside one decidedly, "I paid fifty cents of logic, defying reason and disreonly yesterday to go into that the- garding consistency. The American ater, and yet you say you paid sev- scene is full of extremes, and conenty-five cents for the same thing!" fiicting and antagonistic tendencies.

The other retorted in a no less What is remarkable is that the firm tone, "The price sign called American people somehow seem to for that amount, and I complied find peace and calm in a life of with it." dualism. The typical American be- A third student came up and ing a realist, a pragmatist, seems asked what the argument was to gather enough harmony and about. When informed, he said: complacency in these inconsisten- "You are both wrong. The real cies. price is thirty-five cents. You fel- The visitor from the Orient finds lows being strangers here must in America opposing factors that have been cheated." baffle him. There are here two dynamically opposed philosophies The truth was that the three had of life, that taught by Western gone to the theater at three dif- civilization and that based on the ferent times when the admission teachings of Jesus. The contrast price was different: Weekday mat- inee, 35 cents; weekday evenings, becomes bolder because of the exag- 50 cents; Saturdays and Sundays, gerated emphasis upon material- 75 cents. All three students were istic philosophy. right, but only in part. This Western philosophy of life This incident roughly illustrates has taught the people of the West the difficulty of attempting to write to be acquisitive, aggressive, opon "An Oriental View of Christian pressive, individualistic, selfish, America" and describe any people dominating, and exploitative. It or culture. It is a difficult task but has nurtured the people on the it is doubly hazardous to attempt "Get-as-much-as-you-can" principle to characterize a country as vast of life; it has elevated hedonism and as complex as America. At to the throne of God; it has glori- present America is more like a fied force as the supreme virtue of "stew pot" than a "melting pot," man; it has exalted conquest as the and this complicates the situation highest achievement of mankind. still further. The foreign visitor is, Side by side with these rules of thus, unduly exposed to the danger conduct is a code of ethics set up of being like one of the blind men by Christ and directly opposed to in the story of "The Seven Blind the principles of materialistic civil- 687

ization. Christ taught a religion of sal peace and Christian brotherlove, self-sacrifice, humility, and hood, and yet their government renonresistance. It's system of ethics fuses to join the most useful agent is built upon the spirit of "Love of international conciliation and your enemy," and "Turn your other world peace. It is difficult for the cheek." It condemns brute force as Oriental mind to understand how base, hatred as inhumane. any people that recites day after day the petition, "Forgive us our These two systems have been trespasses as we forgive those who compelled to live side by side for trespass against us" can be a party the last twenty centuries. There is to lynching. no reconciliation between the two. They are incompatible. As a re- What is most baffling to the Orisult the West has attempted to live ental visitor is that the masses of a dual life, abandoning neither the American people are not conphilosophy and not fully accepting scious of such a dual living. Their either. complacency is a wonder.

Evidences of this dual standard The Oriental Christian is hurt of life abound everywhere. The for two reasons. First place, behistory of America especially cause he is an Oriental. His life abounds in examples. Here a for- and his religion are one, merged eigner finds the most kindly sort into his everyday conduct. He is of people, hospitable, thoughtful, taught to respect elders not as a sympathetic. But, on the other mere abstract theory, but as a hand, America is unanimously con- moral rule. He is instructed to redemned by the visitors from the gard wisdom as the highest way of East as· the most race-prejudiced, life, not as an idle principle. When un-Christlike country in the world. he is introduced to Christianity as Here one finds millions of dollars the religion of love, he takes it at spent for charity, both at home and its face value. The missionaries abroad, for public service, for mis- from the West show him the virtue sion work in foreign lands, and for of the Sermon on the Mount, and if many other types of work, and yet, he accepts its principles it becomes in contrast the foreign~r discovers his moral standard of conduct, and the most inhumane methods of not merely a set of beautiful ideals money-making, dollar-extracting, to be admired. and a mad lust for gold. The Oriental is deeply impressed with such Second, an Oriental is hurt in expressions of Christian devotion America because he is a follower as that stamped on coins-"In God of Christ. He keenly resents any We Trust." He witnesses the rep- abuse of Christian teaching. When resentatives of the people assem- he hears such expressions as bled in the Congress bowing their "lynch him ;"1 when he is called heads in prayer before making their deliberations, and then is as- :'Chinaman," in an offensive way;' tonished at the ease with which IS separated from other worshipers force is adopted as an instrument and is given an entire pew to himof national policy in its dealings with weaker nations. Teachers and 1 Refers to the meldent whiCh occurred in the preachers, leaders and other thinkers expound the benefits of univer- Cathedral of St. John the Divine In connection with a controversy between Judge Ben B Lin- say and Bishop Manning. .

'Refers to an incident in a New York City church.

AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL

self3 in the temple of the God of In the meantime, the rest of the Love, it saddens and hurts him. world runs rampant.

Has the American Church ener- There are signs that the Amergetically combated the influence of ican Church of today is waking up. materialistic civilization? Unfor- It begins to see that religion must tunately it seems clear that the exert influence on the whole of life. Christian Church in America has Christians are accepting the chalfailed to bring a harmony between lenge of life issues and are comthe two divergent theories of life. bating evil influences instead of It has not succeeded in stemming retreating. A new dawn seems to the mighty torrent of materialism; be coming, and there are new reainstead, it has largely been swept sons to hope that the Christian reaside by the currents of material- ligion will ultimately build the istic teachings. Before the impos- Kingdom of God on earth. But the ing, glittering Towers of Babel, enemies are powerful. Will the the little temples of worship seem American people, who have been colorless and insignificant. Before nurtured with the milk of material the stampede of the powerful army comfort, be able to enjoy the life of mechanical civilization, the that Jesus lived? Christian Church seems to maintain its existence only by retreat- America may build the finest ing, conceding, and conforming. temples of worship, spend millions To the Oriental the American of dollars in Christian work, de- Christian Church seems to be an liver the finest sermons from its institution deprived of its soul and pulpits, produce the highest kind vital power. The living spirit of of literature on Christian dogmas, Jesus Christ seems to have been persuade everyone to attend church lost. The people are drunk with the services, and yet the real spirit and sweetness of material comfort. The soul of Jesus and His teachings Church has inherited a set of reli- may ultimately be found not in the gious dogmas and rites which mean West but in the East. less and less. The Christian religion has largely become class and The writer is not unappreciative race religion with purposeless and of the many American men and intermittent church-going. Reli- women who are the finest types of gion and life have grown apart. Christians. He has met here many kind, understanding, devoted, ear- 3 Refers to an incident in an Iowa church. nest Christians; but America as a whole is not Christian.

WHERE YOUTH ARE WANTED Dr. John R. Mott indicates seven lines of need for youth in active missionary service: (1) to fill important gaps in the missionary ranks; (2) to succeed competent missionaries who must soon retire because of old age; (3) "to supersede relatively incompetent workers;" (4) to reinforce the present staff in many fields in order to prevent the physical breakdown of over-worked missionaries; (6) to adequately man existing institutions in order to make their service more effective; (6) to give expert help in lines of specialization; (7) to enter totally unoccupied fields.

Western students raise the question: "Granted that we may be needed on the mission field, are we wanted there by the natives of the country?" This inquiry has been put to leading nationals in the Church in every mission field. Dr. Mott states the conclusion thus: "In all fields, occupied by three-quarters of the inhabitants of the non-Christian world, native Christian leaders without exception state that they both need and want more missionaries from the West, but they Bpecified that theBe must be the be8t that EurrYpe and America can provide."

4

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

CHRIST AND THE VILLAGES IN And Jesus with his disciples with- drew to the sea: and a great multitude SCRIPTURE AND SONG from Galilee followed: and from Ju- dea … hearing what great things he For use with study book: "Christ did (Mark 3: 7-8). Comes to the Village." Song: "Glorious Things of Thee And Jesus went about all the vil- Are Spoken." lages teaching, and preaching and healing (Mat. 9: 35). And it came to pass, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the Song: "The Great Physician." grainfields; (Mark 2: 23).

And passing along by the sea of Song: "Far and Near the Fields Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the Are Teeming." brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. And Jesus And in the morning, a great while said unto them, "Come ye after me, before day, he rose up and went out, and I will make you to become fishers and departed into a desert place, and of men" (Mark 1: 16-17). there prayed (Mark 1: 35).

Song: "Where He Leads Me I Will Song: "The Beautiful Garden of Follow." Prayer."

And seeing the multitudes, he went And it came to pass soon afterwards, up into the mountain: and when he that he went about through cities and had sat down, his disciples came unto villages, preaching and bringing the him: and he opened his mouth and good tidings of the Kingdom of God taught them, saying, (Luke 8: 1).

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for Song: "Hold the Fort." theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Now as they went on their way, he Blessed are they that mourn: for they entered into a certain village: and a shall be comforted. certain woman named Martha received him into her house (Luke 10: 38). Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Song: "Let the Saviour In.''

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst And he went forth again by the sea after righteousness: for they shall side; and all the multitude resorted be filled. unto him, and he taught them (Mark 2: 13). Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Song: "Peace Be Still."

Blessed are the pure in heart: for And Jesus went forth, and his dis- they shall see God. ciples, unto the villages of Cresarea Phillipi (Mark 8: 27). Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. Song: "The Old Rugged Cross."

Blessed are they that have been per- They (His disciples) therefore, secuted for righteousness' sake: for when they had testified and spoken the theirs is the kingdom of heaven. word of the Lord, returned to Jeru- salem and preached the Gospel to many Blessed are ye when men shall re- villages (Acts 8: 25). proach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you Song: "Lord, Speak to Me." falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you (Mat. 5: 3-12).

690

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And again he began to teach by the Jesus withdrew from thence in a sea side. And there is gathered unto boat, to a desert place apart: and when him a very great multitude, so that the multitudes heard thereof, they folhe entered into a boat, and sat in the lowed him (Mat. 14: 13). sea (Mark 4: 1). Song: "In the Secret of His Pres- Song: "The Life Line." ence."

And it came to pass that he went Woe to him that buildeth a town out into the mountain to pray; and he with blood (Habakkuk 2: 12). continued all night in prayer to God (Luke 6: 12). Song: "Lest We Forget."

Song: "In the Garden." And wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into the country, they laid And as he entered into a certain the sick in the marketplaces, and bevillage, there met him ten men who sought him that they might touch if it were lepers (Luke 17: 12). were but the border of hi,s garment: and as many as touched him were made Song: "Where Are the Nine?" whole (Mark 6: 56).

There arose a great persecution and Song: "Song of Galilee." * they (all of His disciples) were scattered all abroad throughout the re- Each gentle dove and sighing bough gions of Judea and Samaria … and That makes the eve so blessed to me went about preaching the word (Acts 8: 1-4). Has something far diviner now, It bears me back to Galilee. Song: "Faith of Our Fathel's." Chorus And he went on his way through cities and villages teaching (Luke o Galilee! sweet Galilee! 13: 22). oWhGearelileJee!sussweloevtedGasloileme!uch to be: Song: "We've a Christ for the Vil- Come sing thy song again to me! lages." (Tune: "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations.") Each fiow'ry glen and mossy dell, Where happy birds in song agree, We've a Christ to take to the village, And tell them of God's great love; Through sunny morn the praises tell A Christ who died to save them, Of sights and sounds in Galilee. A Christ who reigns above, A Christ who reigns above. And when I read the thrilling lore And the darkness shall turn to dawning, Of Him who walked upon the sea, And the dawning to noon day bright, When we take Christ to the village, I long, oh, how I long once more With His message of love and light. To follow Him in Galilee!

• Words by R. MorriS, LL.D.; Music by H. R. Palmer.

WORSHIP THOUGHTS OF A FURLOUGHED MISSIONARY A missionary sits alone in the crowd, thrilled by a harmonious beauty of the Christian Cathedral that dwarfs the shabby wonders of the East. A letter is in his pocket: •….. "We deeply regret finances do not permit your return to the field."

What would that stooped old Indian village Christian think of this delicate symmetry of the chancel carving? ….. What richness of organ and choir voices …… The cost of that organ would endow the school forever. What a processional of consecrated young lives that would mean!

Foolish dreams! …… Poor B-, out there alone……. Just a boy trying to do a pastor's work in a village full of ignorance……. So many problems …… Why didn't I wait until next year to take my furlough?

What a gem of a window! I hadn't seen that before. How unique, and how it fits the niche among the arching pillars, ….. Could anyone help worshiping here?

After all, the mud village is so minute, so unimportant. This is the very Presence of God!

What's this dull ache in my heart …… ?-George B. Garden, En Route to India, June, 1!J31, The Chri8tian Advocate.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions- FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America AN UNTOUCHED MIGRANT FIELD shoes, and food. What a Mexican should be paid is just enough to live on, with BY EDITH E. LOWRY maybe a dollar or two to spend. That's all he deserves. If he is paid any more In a study of Mexican labor in the he won't work so much or when we need United States made recently by Paul him; he's able to wait around until we S. Taylor, of the University of Cali- have to raise the price above what's fornia, we discover ·something of the legitimate.'

extent of a migrant field, to date un- "The pressing need for Mexicans in touched. In Dimmit County, Texas certain seasons is indeed some protecthere has been developed a cycle of tion to them. As was said by one crops including corn, casaba melons, grower who regretted that their cotton, egg plant, peppers, squash, wages are not higher, beans, spinach, lettuce, beets, broccoli, onions, citrus .fruit, strawberries and " 'The Mexicans' only protection is that cantaloupes. The laborers used in the they are the only labor available, and cultivation and harvest are for the you can't treat them too badly and hold most part Mexican and many are mi- them. The relations between Mexican grants. laborers and American employers are fine, and are regulated under economic, The peak seasons when the migrant not personal pressure.'

is in demand are from late October to "The attitude of Americans toward January and during April and part of education of Mexicans within their May. Here, as in other sections, the midst exhibits a wide range. The Mexican is making an inestimable con- dominant view is the one expressed by tribution to our national life and yet an onion grower: -what does he receive in return! "'The little education they get in the The following excerpts from this schools here spoils them, and makes them study reveal some of the difficulties trifling. They become peddlers and bootthe Mexican is facing. leggers, or seek some easy way of mak- ing a living. They don't want to do this "The view that 'the lesoS you pay (onion-clipping) or other work. Some them the more work you get done' is of them are bright, and get a good educommon among south Texas farmers. cation at San Marcos (colleges) or some The grower next quoted outlined the other institution, and are fine people. position in detail. Not knowing my They should be taught something, yes. identity, but suspecting my northern But the more ignorant they are, the origin, he voiced doubt that I would better laborers they are. The law which understand the point of view: keeps them out if they can't read (liter- acy test) keeps out the best laborers and " 'I saw an article by a northern woman; lets in the worst. If these get educated, she gave it to the farmers here pretty we'll have to get more from Mexico.' hard. Perhaps I'm talking to the wrong man; if you are from the North you "Another observed, won't understand. The Mexican is getting paid about four bits too much; he "'The white children are in school and gets from $1.50 to $2 a day. He should the Mexicans in the fields. The whole get about 3il. When he has a dollar in community wants to make a living and his pocket he won't work. You get more get rich out of Mexican labor.'

onions transplanted at 5 cents a row "A merchant who, like the grower tnhaatnureyoouf dthoe aMt e1x0iccaenn. ts.HeInt'esedjsusatbtohuet I~t quoted was unsympathetic W.Ith $8 a week, if he has a family, for clothes, thiS point of view, said: 692 "'They seem to be afraid that if they "'Because a – – – greaser is not fit learn, they can't handle them as well as to sit beside a white girl. Anybody who they do now. They seem to be afraid wants to get into trouble around here they will unionize and ask higher wages. can just try to put them in the same Some farmers are afraid that if the school. A man would rather his daugh- Mexicans are educated they will want ter was dead than that she should marry to buy land. Well, why not? They are a Mexican. The Mexicans are too dirty entitled to it. and filthy. If they separate in school the children learn the difference and they "Religion was cited both for and won't mix with the Mexicans. Of course, against the education of Mexicans if they contend for it, we will either have . . . It was a descendant of the earli- to take them into the school or else est settlers of the county who invoked build them another.' religion in favor of their education. "Separation is maintained even "'These people should have recogni- when admittedly uneconomic. As a tion, I say. They should be educated, -school official in one town stated, but it will have to come from some one that feels truly the need of the Bible "'We are going to build a new high quotation, "Do justly, love mercy, and school, and would have room to take the walk humbly before thy God.'" Mexicans in a (separate) room (in the American school), but the board is "Another south Texan with a strong afraid of public sentiment and will not religious strain, who had lived in the do it. They say they will build a sepacounty since cattle days also invoked rate school (for the Mexicans). It isn't the moral and religious appeal: economic.'

"'The Americans do wrong to the "An old woman opposed separation: Mexicans. As a Christian people we 'When we die we are all the same.''' should see that they are educated.' YENCHING CHAPEL "School authorities and teachers, like the general American population The Rural Evangelist Speaks of the county, were divided in their views. Some who did not favor edu- A recent Sunday morning service cating Mexicans have already been of worship at Yenching University quoted. Generally the teachers of was especially impressive. Dr. T. C. Mexicans thought the Mexicans should Choa, University Chaplain, was in be educated, and chafed under inade- charge of the service. The speaker, quate facilities, although one said in Mr. Tsai Yung Ch'un, was a young a bewildered sort 'of way, man with a fine spiritual face. Mr. Tsai was formerly a student at Yen- " 'I have wondered why they don't en- ching, having been graduated last force the attendance law. I see numbers June. For some months he has been who.have never been to school. We now working as a country evangelist for have more than we can do justice to. the American Board Mission in the We don't have time to do as good work villages around Paotingfu and Tinghas in the American school. If they went sien. As he told of the needs of these to school, it would raise their standard rural people and tne insistent call of of living, but of course onion work is service for them, his face revealed the what we have for them to do.' deep sympathy which he had for them, the Christian love which filled his "From a tenant farmer in a district heart, and the desire to give all, that with one school admitting only Amer- he might bring t[) them the uplifting icans came the most vigorous and emo- power of J eBUS Christ. tional utterance which I heard. In response to an inquiry as to why Mex- He told of how when he was about icans were not admitted to their to leave a certain village, word went school, put as mildly as I knew how, around among the church members, he flared back a reply charged with and that evening a number of them race, sex, and class antagonism: gathered at the house where he was staying. They were unable to express

the feeling that filled their hearts. voice saying, 'Be Jesus to them. Move They asked him to lead them in sing- among them in the way the Heavenly ing, "God Be With You Till We Meet Father would-that is your message.' " Again." Then for a long time they talked together. Finally one of them We were told that over eighty per suggested that they pray together. cent of the Chinese population belong Mr. Tsai said: "I prayed. I felt it to the peasant class. About ninety hard to leave them, for I don't know per cent of the whole population are when or who will come again to this rural people. "What is China but this village to be their helper. I could rural mass? If you want to save only put them in the care of our Fa- China you must save the masses. They ther. After my prayer, every one of are the real China." them prayed. So although the village homes are unheated, village life is In closing Mr. Tsai said, "I would warm. Oh, how I love that warmth!" like to present to you a word from Jesus: 'Unless a grain of wheat falls With great earnestness Mr. Tsai on the ground and dies, it remains told of the needs of these village pec just one grain. But if it lives, it yields pIe. He said: "The villagers are suf- a great harvest.' " fering from ignorance, poverty, disease and sellshness, the four great I came away with mingled feelings enemies of China." of great sorrow because of the suf- ferings of China's millions, and great As a concrete illustration, he told of joy in my heart because of Christian a twelve-year-old girl who was so Chinese young men and women, such bright that after studying three as the one we had just listened to, months in a class she was able to read whose consecration, Christ-like love the New Testament. When Mr. Tsai and faith in God, and self-sacrificing came to the viJIage he said, "This girl service give promise of a better, must have a chance for further edu- brighter day for China-a day of cation." But when he visited her more equal opportunities, of brotherhome, her parents said to him: ly love, and Christian fellowship made "Teacher, you see this girl. When- possibl.e through the mighty working ever a teacher comes to stay in the of Jesus Christ our Saviour. village she drops everything and goes to attend the class. But we are poor THE AMERIOAN INDIAN farmers. We cannot afford to let her go. At home she ean help to spin and Study for 1932-1933 earn a few coppers a day." Those who have felt the need for Other instances of privation, lack an up-to-date presentation of the of opportunity, and suffering touched American Indian situation and have the hearts of his hearers, and as the hoped for a year of study on this subdepth of his sympathy and love for ject, wiJI rejoice to know that .The these people sometimes choked the American Indian will be the theme for words, I saw more than one of the the interdenominational home mission listeners wipe the tears away. books in 1932-1933.

After giving other illustrations, Mr. Because of changes in per.sonnel Tsai said, "These all are suffering and management, the Indian Service from problems which are rooted in has been in the public eye constantly ignorance, poverty, disease or selfish- for the pa.st few years, and so it is ness." particularly fortunate that the Mis- sionary Education Movement and "During my first days in Tingh- Council of Women for Home Missions sien," the speaker continued, "I was were able to secure the consent of Dr. tackling the question 'What message Lewis Meriam, one who is thoroughly have I for the villagers 7' After these conversant with all aspects of the situfew months of work, and in the face ation, to prepare the book for adults. Dr. Meriam, who was the Technical of I'llch Slffl)rings, I feel within me a

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Director of the Survey of Indian Af- A course book for Juniors, containfairs conducted under the Institute ing source materials and suggested for Government Research at Washing- procedures will be prepared by Miss ron, is a member of the Society of Katherine Gladfelter, author of "Un- Friends (Quaker) and has a deep der the North Star." There will also personal interest in the Indian mis- be a reading book for this age group sionary work of the Church. written by Miss Dorothy Cate of the staff of the Indian Department, Na- His book will not deal with the past tional Board of the Y. W. C. A. but with the future of missionary work among the American Indians. For primary children there will be According to the tentative plan which a course book, containing source mahas been outlined, such subjects as terials and suggested procedure, prethese will be treated: Social and eco- pared by Mrs. Florence Crannell nomic condition of the Indians, or- Means, author of "Rafael and Conganized effort for Indian advancement, suelo" and Mrs. James F. Riggll. understanding the Indian point of view, attitudes of white people toward The Home Missions Council and the Indians, what is to become of the Council of Women for Home Missions, American Indian in the United States, which through the Joint Committee on winning Indian cooperation, coopera- Indian Work place directors of relition with the Government, evangelical gious education in the large non-reserwork, missionary service to Indian vation Government Boarding Schools families and communities, relation of and cooperate with the Government in missionaries to education of Indian helping to bring about better condiboys and girls, personnel for the mis- tions of living for the Indians, will be sionary enterprise. In brief, the book able to supply helpful supplementary will fall into two sections, the first material for use in connection with part dealing with the Indian situation this study. as it is today and the second with the outstanding opportunities for Chris- HOW TO OBSERVE LABOR tian service. SUNDAY Mi,ss Winifred Hulbert, the author of "West Indian Treasures" has been BY JAMES MYERS spending the past months visiting the Indian schools and mission centers Mr. Myers ts Industrial Secretary, Social throughout the country with the pur- Service Commission, Federal Council of the pose of writing a book for young peo- Churches of Christ In America, ple which will attempt to reflect the thought and aspiration of Indian The Sunday immediately preceding young people about conditions among Labor Day has been set aside by the their people and their own future. churches as a special occasion for drawing attention to the spiritual and Arrangements have been made to human values involved in labor and publish an adventure story for Inter- industrial relations. The Social Servmediates entitled "Three Arrows" by ice Commission of the Federal Coun- Rev. E. Ryerson Young, of Canada, a cil has issued as usual a Labor Sunday missionary of long experience among Message which is requested to be read the Indians of western Canada. The from the pulpit on Labor Sunday, story is founded on fact, especially on September 6th. Many churches also the life work of Robert Rundle, and post a copy of the Message on the shows how the labors of the early church bulletin board or give out missionaries have helped to prepare c'Opies at the close of the service. The the Indians for the new day. A "unit" Message this year deals with economic course with suggestions for group security for the worker,s as a demand ,sessions and with background material of human brotherhood and stresses will be issued for leaders. the necessity of all forces in society now planning permanent preventives of unemployment, as well as meeting the problems of immediate relief. It

is a clear challenge to the churches to during the coming winter. Detailed take the leadership in promoting a suggestions may be had from the So- Christian 80cial order which will abol- cial Service Commission, but especial attention is called to the need of study ish unemployment.* in women's missionary societies, young people's groups and adult Bible classes Realizing that ,something more than of present social conditions, of the mere pronouncements are needed in principles upon which a Christian soorder to show the way toward this de- cial order should rest, and of suggestsired goal, the Social Service Commis- ed waya toward its accomplishment. sion, together with the Social Action Because of the comparative dearth of Department of the National Catholic available discussion material in this Welfare Conference, and the Social field, the carefully prepared "Discus- Justice Commission of the Central sion Outline on Unemployment,"t Conference of American Rabbis, held published by Association Press, will in Washington last winter a confer- be especially wei com e d by the ence on Permanent Preventives of Un- churches. This course includes sugemployment. The sixteen notable ad- gestions for practical projects in redresses delivered at the Conference by lief work by church groups as well as leading employers, economists, govern- supplying a discussion outline of the ment officials, labor leaders and church great economic problems involved in representatives are now available in building a Christian social order. It printed f'orm and supply a rich source includes also significant reference quoof information; Copies may be secured tations, source material and bibliogfrom the Social Service Commission raphies. Perhaps no one thing would at 50 cents apiece. do more toward promoting conscien- tious concern and intelligent, conatruc- The Social Service Commission re- tive action toward a Christian social quests also that special prayel'S be order than to have thousands of offered in the churches on Labor Sun- groups in our churches following this day for relief of economic distress and l!ourse of study and action during the for divine light and leading toward coming winter. It would constitute the building of a brotherly economic a most effective follow-up for Labor order in which there shall be such Sunday. economic security for the masses of men as shall promote the good life for REQUESTS all. Miss Helen M. Brickman, Director In many cities union services of the of Indian Work, Home Missions Counchurches are held–sometimes out- cil and Council of Women for Home doors in the public park-with special Missiona, returned from her recent speakers, an employer, a labor union trip to the Indian field with these releader, a minister, and perhaps a city quests. Perhaps you or your friends official. In any case, all ministers are may be able to help. requested to preach on the religious significance of labor and industrial The Friendship Club, composed of problems. Suggestions for sermon Indians living and working in Albumaterial and a bibliography have been querque, New Mexico, needs games prepared and may be had from the and music for an orchestra. They Social Service Commission. meet every other week, bringing their supper and spending the evening to- It Is particularly important that gether. There are usually about sixty Labor Sunday shall usher in a con- in attendance. tinuing program in the churches in social service and industrial relations *Additional copies of the Labor Sunday Mes- t'·UneIp.ployment. a Discussion Outline" presfige ean be obtained from the Commission on pared by Prof. Harrison Elliott. Prof. Erdman Harris, of Union Seminary, New York, Miss the Church and Social Service, Federal Coun- Nellie M. Day of Chicago, and James Myers cil of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 may be obtained from the Association Press, East 22nd Street, New York; price $1.00 per 347 Madison Avenue, New York. hundred, 4 cents per single copy.

At the government hospital at La- plies were carried by horses, mules, guna, New Mexico, both the doctor and oxen, which obtained their suband nurses pled for hymn books and sistence from the grass that grew not sacred records for a portable victrola. too plentifully along the route. Hav- ing passed beyond the limits of civili- Any of the above should be sent to zation, and having left churches and Mr. J. C. Ross, 324 Columbia Avenue, religious institutions behind, the re- Albuquerque, New Mexico. straints of the Sabbath were soon for- gotten by most, and all days were alike The children and young people at employed in a diligent march onward. one of the government hospitals near The company of which I was a mem- Riverside, California, asked for sto- ber, however, had halted for one or two ries and story papers. These may be Sabbaths. Stopping one Sunday near sent to Saboba Hospital, San Jacinto, where several routes converged, one of California. our company counted 197 teams that passed during the day. The idea of NOTICE losing our advanced position-for we had started early in the season-and The Department of Study of the Na- week by week getting farther and fartional Board of the Young Women's ther behind, was not relished. The Christian Associations is offering a best of the grass, if not all of it, would course on "The Social Awakening of be used up by those ahead of us. The the Churches, 1850-1930," under the absence of any religious services and leadership of Dr. Vida D. Scudder for other reasons were adduced against many years professor of English Lit- stopping, and those who were in favor erature at Wellesley College. of resting were in the minority. But after the day's rest, on resuming our This course is to be given once a journey next morning we were not a week for twelve weeks, beginning the little surprised at the rapid gait of our week of September 28th at the national teams as compared with those of other headquarters, 600 Lexington Avenue, companies. In two days we had over- New York, N. Y. The day will prob- taken and passed more teams than had ably be Tuesday or Wednesday and the passed us on Sunday; and all the week time suggested is either late afternoon through we added to the number. or a morning hour. There will be a When the next Sunday came around tuition fee of ten dollars. every voice was for resting all day, and so we continued to observe the Sab- Since it will probably be necessary bath all the way through. I afterward to limit registrations for the course, compared notes with other similar the Department of Study for Associa- trains that traveled every day, and tion Leadership will be glad to have found that not only were they weeks at an early date the names of those longer in performing the journey, but likely to attend with a ,statement as to that they had lost many of their cattle preference for a late afternoon or and horses in crossing the last desert, morning session. while the remainder were unsaleable when they arrived at the journey's end TEMPORAL VALUE OF SABBATH because in so poor a condition. Ours, on the other hand, all arrived in good OBSERVANCE condition and readily sold for a good price."-Bulletin, Woman's National Col. W. H. Paine, one of the engi- Sabbath Alliance. neers of the Brooklyn Bridge, gives this account: "Some years since, before a railroad was built or a stage line established across the plains, there was a large emigration to California over land. The necessary sup-

ORW-WIDf

JAPAN. CHOSEN opportunity to be taken? What it will mean to the whole Christian campaign, The P?ess and Religion in Japan especially in the country parts, to have the daily press carrying regular and ONE of the most significant features good Christian articles cannot be over- of the present religious situation estimated. in Japan is the growin~ publidty given by the press to religious news and ideas. The newspaper editor knows Peasant Gospel Schools in Ja.pan public opinion and would not provide such articles if he did not feel that WITHIN the last three years, peashis readers desired them. The Osaka ant Gaspel schools have become a Mainichi, the biggest paper in the definite part of the program of the country, has now a religious column Christian forces in Japan. They occuappearing two or three times a week. pyan important place in the 1931 plans It started this feature some years ago, of the Kingdom of God Movement. dropped it and re-started it in answer These schools are deemed so important to popular demand. The Y omiuri, an- that last April, the Kingdom of God other big daily, has a full-time reli- Movement conducted a conference for gious editor and two or three columns the enlisting and training of leaders of religious matter every day. Other for these schools. Those connected big papers frequently carry religious with such schools shared their ex- periences with others who contemplate articles. entering upon similar lines of rural In the provinces the situation is even evangelism.

more hopeful. One paper is paying The first peasant Gospel school in for material supplied, and is the pio- Japan was opened in Osaka as recently neer of what will be the usual proce- as 1926 by Dr. Kagawa and Rev. M. Sugiyama. It was inspired on the one dure in future, if the religious forces hand by the Danish folk high schools, and on the other by the dire needs of are prepared to take the opportunity rural Japan. It was conducted for thus offered. Christian writers get a one month, and the membership was generous share of space and have no limited to fifteen young farmers, who cause for complaint. came from as many different prefec- tures. The curriculum was divided The Japan Christian News Agency, into three general subjects: the hisa cooperative and interdenominational tory of civilization, rural sociology, body, is issuing two articles a week, and Bible. Its purpose was to train which are syndicated to about forty young men who would return to their papers. It is only limited financial home villages as leaders. This school resources which prevent an almost un- has been continued yearly under the limited expansion. With adequate leadership of Mr. Sugiyama and since backing there is no reason why it then several rural schools have sprung should not be possible to have a Chris- up.-A. R. Stone. tian news agency of equal status with other news agencies in the country, The Kingdom of God Campaign providing good up-to-date material to the secular press. Once such a goal is reached, the agency will be in a posi- tion to support itself and so make a THE emphasis in the movement this permanent contribution to the evan- year is put on the mobilization and gelization of Japan. Is this present training of the laity for active and ef- 698

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fective service. Laymen's Training ADlerican FilDl8 a Menace Conferences are conducted for different parts of the empire. One has been MANY modern films are a menace held in Tokyo for Eastern and North- to the moral life of Japan and the ern Japan and one at Nara for Central National Christian Council of Japan and Western Japan. A total of 1,500 has been asked to take steps to secure laymen and laywomen attended these a stricter censorship on the part of the two gatherings. A high spiritual note police department in Tokyo. The chief was struck in each session. Japanese censor on his own initiative stated that their greatest problem is In order to project the campaign with the films from America. He said. into the unreached rural area with its that many of these films are highly 30,000,000 farming folk and its 12,000 detrimental to the morals of the Japunoccupied villages, short term peas- anese people and he hoped that the ant Gospel schools will be held in every National Christian Council would take possible rural district. The purpose steps to secure the stoppage of the of these schools is to train picked coming of these undesirable American young men and women from the vil- films. lages for Christian leadership in their own respective areas. The Executive Committee of the Council voted to call the attention of A "Training Institute for Peasant the Federal Council of the Churches of School Leaders" was held in Tokyo, Christ in America to this situation and April 9th and 10th and about 100 Jap- ask them to take every step possible anese Christian workers, laymen and to prevent the continued influx of unmissionaries especially interested in desirable American films into Japan. rural work attended this institute and acquainted themselves with the pur- This action was not inspired pripose, program and technique of this marily by missionary influence. The means of bringing the impact of the committee which called on the police Gospel to bear upon Japan's rural life. censor was composed entirely of Jap- anese. This protest against the type Abolition in Japan of American film coming to Japan is a protest from both Christian and non- EIGHT more prefectures have passed Christian Japanese. bills abolishing licensed prostitution – Fukui, Fukushima, Saitama, Effects of Newspaper EvangelisDl Akita, Niigata, Nagano, Kanagawa and Okinawa. THE newspaper evangelism method, in operation for a number of years, To date abolition has not been put seems to bring incalculable results in into effect, with the exception of Sai- reaching the people. In Tokyo, where tama where the last licensed houses a C. M. S. missionary is cooperating were actually closed on the 27th of with Japanese workers in this plan of December last. Saitama thus becoytles campaign, over 10,000 inquiries about the second prefecture in the empire to Christianity were received during free itself from complicity in this busi- 1930. One of the most important Japness, the other being Gumma where anese newspapers has welcomed arabolition was effected 36 years ago. ticles, and as a result applications for further news have come from all parts For the first time in Japanese legal of the Japanese Empire. Requests behistory a verdict was given in the ing received come mainly from young Osaka District Court declaring it no men of average education. crime to repudiate the debts owing to the keeper of a house of prostitution. Medical EvangelisDl in Chosen If this decision is sustained it will be epoch-making and will spell doom for T HE evangelists in Pyengyang Unthe system by which girls are bought ion Christian Hospital, Korea, under the specious pretence of making preached last year to thousands of in- ~ J9an.-E. C. Hennigar.

dividuals. About 110 showed signs of 60,000; probably one half have heard true repentance and a desire to become the Gospel. Christians. A Lay Evangelist A man who lost his eye in a fight some two years ago, became a Chris- To THE little village of Sol-Chang-i tian during treatment at the hospital (Wonsan District), there came one and went home where he led his wife day a young man who had been a and mother to Christ. He forgave his teacher in Mukden, Manchuria, but enemy instead of going to law for who had been compelled to return to damages, and this made a sensation in Korea in search of health. He was an his town. He is now an active and earnest Christian so he began to hold respected Christian. church services and one by one the families in the village were led to at- Another man, who is now a strong tend them. Today there is only one minister in the Presbyterian Church, family left in the village which is not was suffering with a boil on the neck Christian. His attention was also which gave him considerable pain. He drawn to the children who were growgave vent to his feelings with no un- ing up without an education. He orcertain sound, whereupon the doctor ganized a little school and began to said: teach them. At first he received no remuneration for this work, but later "Would to God you had as much the parents of his pupils offered to pain over y~lUr sins!" give him his food in exchange for his labor on behalf of their children. An That remark led to the transforma- interesting story is told of this man, tion of his life and a fruitful Christian that among other things he taught his ministry. pupils a temperance song and that their custom was to parade through Among Chinese in Korea the village every evening, singing it. As a result of this practice the saloons FOR many years the Federal Council in the village received less and less of Protestant Evangelical Missions patronage, until finally they were all in Korea has aided in evangelistic compelled either to close or to move work among the thousands of Chinese elsewhere. living in this peninsula. The Chinese themselves have given a total of yen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC 3,639.94 to this work. There are six established centers, all occupying their Ne…. Philippine Field own buildings. These are in Seoul, Chemulpo, Wonsan, Pyengyang, Fusan APART of the Philippine field which and Hokuchin. New work is being the Presbyterian Board has handopened in Chunju, with a Chinese- ed Over to the Baptists consists of the speaking Korean giving half his time, Palawan Islands, declared to be the with still another beginning in Taiku. mQst needy and difficult field of the Philippines.. Dr. Thomas, of the Bap- In three of the stations there are tist Mission staff, after two months' day schools, where 83 boys and girls careful survey, reports at least 100,000 are taught the Bible, and a few have pagans who have never heard the Gosbeen baptized. The pupils all come pel. They have no written language, from heathen homes, and many are are pitifully poor, without any medical bringing their parents with them to care, but eager to receive friends who the services, will guide and help them. Dr. 'Thomas recommends that Filipino preachers A preaching tour extending to the be sent there at once, later an Amer- Manchurian border disclosed 14 pro- ican to supervise. He urges a farm fessing Christians, representing Pres- school rather than bringing the peobyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, Salva- ple from their mountain sections into tion Army, Marshal Feng's army, and one each from Wonsan and Fusan churches. The Chinese are scattered throughout Korea, and number about

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a town that is expensive and takes Celebes. Chinese are learning the them from their own environment. Malay language, and make excellent missionaries. The work has been greatly strengthened by the coming of a young Scotch- The Gospel for W orrora man, Alexander Sutherland, who has worked under the Baptist Mission of WHO are the Worrora? A tribe of Scotland in the Orkney and Hebrides aborigines inhabiting a corner of Islands. In addition to theological and Northwest Australia, numbering about Bible study, Mr. Sutherland has had 300 persons. All adult Australian training in tropical medicine, den- aboriginals speak several languages, tistry and house building, all of which their own and those of their neighbors will make him very useful in this new on either hand. Counting the neighfield. boring tribesmen who understand Worrora, there are perhaps one thou- Philippine Churches Unite sand aboriginals at present who speak this language. Worrora is a primitive, T HE Presbyterian, Congregational synthetic language, one where whole and United Brethren Churches in groups of thought are built up in long the Philippine Islands have united compound words, the despair of the under the name of the United Evan- translator. Rev. J. R. B. Love has gelical Church. The new church has translated the Gospel of Mark into a general assembly and conferences, this tongue. When it was completed, each with a moderator who acts as a and the story of the Crucifixion read traveling superintendent. There are in church, the eager interest of the elders and deacons in the local church- hearers was. a reward for the months es, with both offices open to women. of assiduous labor.

New Field in Dutch Indies NORTH AMERICA T HE little island of Bali has ac- Student Religion quired fame among scientists, because, with Asia ending at Bali and AQUESTIONNAIRE sent to 1,500 Australasia beginning at Lombok, an- ·students at Syracuse university other island only 15 miles beyond, the by two professors of psychology redifferences between these two islands veals the following facts: Eightare so amazing. Birds and quadrupeds twelfths of the 1,321 students replying found in these two islands, so close to hold unorthodox beliefs concerning the each other, are much more unlike than deity; three-twelfths are inclined to those of Britain and Japan. In this be liberal or agnostic; one-twelfth strangely fascinating island of Bali, tend toward atheism; only 24 students about the ·size of Corsica, there are are thoroughgoing atheists. In these about one miIHon people, mostly of the finding·s, the psychologists say, there Malay race, of whom about 150,000 is no evidence "that the effect of conare followers of a certain form of tinued study in college is to destroy Hinduism, and the remainder profess religious beliefs by supplanting them the faith of Islam. There are, how- with materialistic or mechanistic ever, some hundreds of thousands of views. The effect seems to be merely Chinese. Among these peoples no mis- one of liberalizing the individual sionary work whatsoever has been while he remains upon the side of done until recently, when the Dutch positive belief." It is interesting to Colonial Government consented to mis- note that nearly a fourth of 1,502 stusion work for the Chinese. So great dents rejected the miracles, one-half has been the achievement that the taking no definite stand, and one- Chinese converts now wish to have a fourth giving unqualified acceptance. foreign field of their own. Chinese Fifty-four per cent reply that some workers have accordingly been sent religious belief is necessary in order out to various centers on the island of

to lead a good life, while 28 per cent basic issues, and find something apsay only a code of ethics is needed. proaching unity of conviction, sub- sidiary questions of program and Congregationalists and Christians finance would take care of them-selves. -The Christian Century. Unite Forward Steps at the Christian En- THREE thousand leaders of the Congregational and Christian deavor's Golden Jubilee churches met at Seattle, Wash., June 25th-July 3d for a joint convention to T HE Golden Jubilee International ratify the union of the two denomina- Christian Endeavor Convention tions with a total of 1,050,000 commu- met in San Francisco, California, July nicants. After the ratification of the 11th-16th, with ten thousand young union and adoption of a new constitu- people present, broadly representative tion, officers we re elected to serve as a of the Christian youth and the three grand council for the purposes of man- million Christian Endeavorers of agement, this arrangement to continue North America. The new movements until 1935, when one directing head in Asia bulked large in the convention will be chosen. emphases. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan was prevented from attending by ill- A Hopeful Methodist Conference ness. C. Y. Cheng, LL.D., moderator of the United Church of Christ in THE ten-day conference which the China, spoke on "The Changing Ori- Methodists have held at Delaware, ent," and said that China has "turned Ohio, is one of the hopeful recent de- the corner" in religion, and that the velopments in American Protestant- Church will again receive large enism. Confronted by the same problems listments. Edmund D. Lucas, D.D., of lessening interest and falling financ- Ph.D., president of Forman Christian es which confront most of the mis- College, Lahore, brought a stirring sion boards, the Methodist Foreign message of Christian progress in In- Missionary Society, instead of calling dia. World peace and interracial in the committee on ways and means, good will were stressed in addresses called in the committee on the state of by Colonel Raymond R'obins, Chicago; Christian thought. Instead of launch- Harry N. Holmes, field secretary of ing a campaign it set aside a period the World Alliance for International for -study. To take nearly three hun- Friendship Through the Churches; dred and fifty ministers, educators, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk, New York, editors, laymen and women to a se- of the Federal Council of Churches of cluded spot for ten days of intensive Christ in America; Rev. A. E. Cory, discussion of underlying ideas and D.D., of the Disciples of Christ; and principles, without ten minutes being Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, secretary given to budgets, quotas or appeal of the Korean Christian Endeavor slogans, is a decisive break with the Union. promotional tradition which has ruled in the American denominations for A youth disarmament petition was years past. But it is a break long addressed to President Hoover, urging overdue, and of importance to all the him to use the new international law churches, now that it has been made. principle of the Peace Pact of Paris The Methodists brushed aside every- to cause our government "to take thing on the surface of their church leadership with a definite program for life to deal with underlying and ulti- the reduction of armaments." mate issues. They sought a ba-sis of faith rather than an outline of pro- The convention gave its heart to gram. Here, again, the conference the acceptance of Jesus Christ as perhad an importance more than denomi- sonal Saviour, to an enlarged program national, for if the forces of Protes- of evangelism and personal devotions, tantism would spend more time on to tithing and the -stewardship of abil- ity, and to the call upon some for full- time Christian service. The enlist-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of more than sixty for Christian Cruz on Sunday, June 20th. The new life work was received. enactment allows one priest to every 100,000 inhabitants, a total of eleven Leaven in Chicago priests to 1,100,000 population. A violation of the law carries a fine of THE largest Protestant church in $500. The Papal delegate to Mexico Chicago is said to be the North made protest to the President, but he Austin Lutheran Congregation, which made no response. In the meantime, a has 3,112 confirmed members and priest was killed from ambush in the 2,000 in its Sunday schools. It began town of Huatusco. At the funeral of eleven years ago with fifty-one mem- the priest a riot occurred in which bers. Rev. F. W. Otterbein, the pas- three officers of the law and two civiltor, explains this remarkable growth: ians were killed and many injured. The Governor of Vera 'Cruz states that There is no doubt that the personal he has received sympathetic letters work of the people out in the world is from governors of other provinces, responsible for the continued large who are considering the enactment of growth in membership. Our people and similar laws. workers are instructed not to ask others to "unite with the church," but to "come St. Luke'. Hospital, Pllerto Rico and worship," or, as Andrew used to put it, "come and see." When they attend '!'HE EpisC'opal Board reports that services tpe Holy Spirit begins to work. St. Luke's Hospital at Ponce, Puer- The yearly canvass provides the names to Rico, which was aU but destroyed in of all unchurched families in the district. the hurricane of 1928, has been re- These are placed on a mailing list and built and was opened on May 12, 1931. they receive church literature. For the The new building is of Spanish archipast five years the majority of the acces- tecture, and has a capacity of seventy sions have been "out of the world." beds. It was built and almost com- pletely equipped at a cost of about Boys' Prayer Meeting $145,000. A chapel is part of a sepa- rate building. St. Luke's is staffed FOR more than forty years a suc- by Puerto Rico doctors. The advisory cessful boys' prayer-meeting has board includes six professional and been held in Westminster Presbyterian business men of Ponce. The nurses' Church, Elizabeth, N. J. It was or- training school provides opportunity ganized in the '80's by Frederick K. for Puerto Rican girls from church Day, upon suggestion of the pastor, schools to enter a profession of great the Rev. John Gillespie, D.D., who de- usefulness to their own people. sired training and participation on the part of a large group of boys just Koreans in Cuba taken into church membership. This prayer-meeting has formed an impor- AGREAT community project at EI tant part in the Christian training of Fuerte, Cuba, has grown from a hundreds of boys, efficiently supple- little Sunday school started in a primenting the preaching of the pastor vate home by a graduate of La Proand the teaching of the Sunday schooL gresiva School at Cardenas. A day Seven members of the class have en- school was started, and a new building tered the ministry and scores have has recently been built. The day school become church officers. It has aligned will be used as a demonstration school growing boys to definite Christian for the normal department of Carstandards and aided greatly in solidi- denas. The church is joining with the fying their Christian characters, be- school in making this a center of comsides affording a training in the lead- munity service. This project was the ership of meeting·s, in the practice of means of discovering a family of public prayer and intensive study of Korean Christians who have been livthe Scriptures. ing in that section of Cuba for years. They have Bibles and hymn books in LATIN AMERICA Church Law in Mexico Causes Trouble 'fHE new law, governing the num- ber of priests which shall officiate in Mexico was put to the test in Vera

their own language, and have kept up be sent back to Chile. I had an uncomthe family altar. The parents speak fortable half hour trying to persuade the very poor ·Spanish, but they are now officials from putting into effect such a bringing their children to school and drastic and uncalled-for action. I asked Sunday school. them if they had ever read or seen the Bible, to which they replied, "No!" I The Indigenous Church offered them a copy and asked them to r.ead it, and see what kind of propaganda I was engaged in. They accepted the MANY problems arise in the forma- Bible and let me go. On my return I met tion of an indigenous church in the same officials. They approached me Peru. With them all is the consistent this time with quite a different attitude, aim to make the evangelical congrega- and remarked that they had been reading tion a constituent element of the com- the Bible with "mucho placer y promunity, and not a group apart. One vecho!'-much pleasure and profit.

-Alliance Weekly.

instance relates to burial in public Schools Close in Colombia cemeteries. Priests assumed the Catholic Church had sole rights; the evan- I N. SPI,!E of the financial depresgelicals refused the easier way of a SIon m Bogota, Colombia, the separate burial ground, thus marking American School for Boys has an enthem as a people apart; after a time rolment of 308 pupils. Rev. Walter S. Protestants were allowed burial in Lee, missionary of the Presbyterian public cemeteries and a precedent was Church at Bogota, writes that many established. schools have had to close because of insufficient funds to continue to oper- The school problem was another. ate, including government public Despite the fact that mission subsi- schools. dized schools would be superior educa- tionally and ethically to many schools EUROPE provided by the government, it was agreed that persecution and disabili- The Y. M. C. A. in Italy ties inflicted by fanatical Romanists upon children of Protestant parents THE general measure taken by the was preferable if, eventually, the chil- Italian police authorities with redren might be recognized as having gard to "all youth associations not ditheir equal right to education in the rectly dependent on the Fascist party" schools of the nation, without suffer- also affected at first some of the Y. M. ing religious coercion. The battle is C. A.'s, whose activities were suspendnot yet won, but it is being fought, ed. As soon, however, as the aims and not for motives of intolerance, but to character of our Movement were expreserve the principle which is at plained to the Ministry of the Interior stake, namely, the right ()f the con- and the local Prefects, this regulation verts to be Protestant Christians, was immediately revoked so far as without detriment to their rights as these Associations were concerned. Nationals. This is an additional proof of the es- teem and respect in which the Y. M. C. A.'s are held in Italy. In all coun- Bibles Called "Red" tries (except Russia) to which the Movement has spread it is considered THE Secretary of the British and as a constructive Christian force work- Foreign Bible Society for Chile ing for the moral and spiritual welfare and Bolivia had the f()Ilowing experi- of youth. ence: When the customs official was going Spezia Minion through my suit case, he threw on the floor English magazines, Bible Society MR. E. J. MADDOCK, deputation reports, and Bibles I had with me, and secretary in Great Britain for maintained that they were "Red" propa- the Spezia Mission for Italy, gives the ganda. I was told to prepare to get off testimony of an Italian pastor, unconat the next station…;..a frontier town-to nected with tbe Mission:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '705

"Tell the people of Britain that the ganizing congregations, editing their cause of Christ in Italy cannot do religious monthly, The Christian without the Spezia Mission for Italy. Union, distributing Bibles, Testaments While other people are doing good and tracts, attending to matters that work, there radiates powerfully from come up with the government, etc.

the Spezia Mission a singular sweet- The Union is practically the only ness and a fragrance of the Lord Protestant reading matter the leaders Jesus Christ which permeates the and members of the churches have.

spiritual life of the whole land." Unless funds are soon forthcoming The main work of the Spezia Mis- they will be forced to publish it only sion for Italy, whether it be in the once every two or three months. The meetings and services, the Bible Day movement has grown until there are Schools, the orphanage, or in a little over twenty organized churches, with meeting tucked away in some remote a combined membership of several corner ·of the Gulf or on the moun- thousand.

tains, is to lead boys and girls, and men and women to a saving knowledge Inconveniences in Bulgaria A of Christ. Attacks upon the Mission CRUDELY woven blanket weigh- ing forty pounds for a covering, have stirred many to see for them- selves, and real revival has followed. and a board laid on wooden horses for a bed, are considered minor details in A Visit to Poland Bulgarian villages where soggy black I N 1921, Rev. Jaroszewicz, a Pole bread, beans, and a few other vege- converted and educated in the tables form the diet of people. They United States, returned to his country spin their own clothing by hand and and began telling about Christ. His light their little oil lamps by holding a first convert was a fine, intelligent coal from the fire against the wicks woman who gave her home and its and blowing it into a flame to save sun;ounding land to the Union of matches. But these inconveniences Churches of Christ for an orphanage. mean nothing to the visiting mission- Mr. Jaroszewicz recently came to ary when he is able to preach in a America, seeking to enlist the aid of crowded room to attentive groups and Protestant churches, and following his number at timHS among his new fol- visit in Pittsburgh, Dr. R. N. Mont- lowers of the Way some of those who..

gomery of the Pittsburgh United Pres- prior to their reformation, were the, byterian Seminary, was appointed by village's worst citizens. "Now their- a group in that city to visit Poland, faces shine with faith and hope in and learn the facts of the movement. Christ," writes W. C. Oooper from He was most favorably impressed, and Philipoppolis, Bulgaria. Almost every'

found the leaders to be men of sterling family in one village has a Bible and character, zealous, but not fanatical, religion is the general topic of conver- making every sacrifice that the work sation in the coffee shops and reading might progress. The records and room. "It is a joy to work among routine were in sound condition. Pas- thHse people," Mr. Cooper adds, "one tors must earn their living, preaching forgets inconveniences when one sees on the side as they find time. people hungry for the message of The work now has its headquarters Christ."-Missionary Herald.

in Kobryn; eventually a building is to be erected in Brest-Litowsk, which World Conditions Reviewed I gives opportunity of reaching every N REVIEWING in detail the work of its missions in many lands the part of the country by the six railroads and six automobile roads which Presbyterian Board has this to say come into this city. In Kobryn, Dr. concerning the future: Montgomery found the leaders preach- The situation in Russia and the effect ing, visiting the different churches, or- of the ruthless anti-religious program of 5

the Soviet government again form the schools, medical schooJ.s, and colleges, outstanding feature of world news in the publishing and selling millions of field of religion. "Will Christianity defi- books and leaflets, establishing libranitely recede before atheism in the ries both permanent and itinerant, largest country on the European conti- putting on educational films in the nent? Will one-sixth of the civilized in- movies, and broadcasting instructional habitants of the globe go permanently talks from the giant radio statiun at pagan? Will the anti-religious impetus, Moscow. Last year ten million adults going East as well as West, engulf the were taught to read and write, most of first fruits of the harvest of Christianity them by volunteer leaders, urged on in China, Korea and Japan?" These are by Communist enthusiasts. Sixty per some of the questions which religious cent of the recruits for the Red Army leaders abroad are beginning to ask entered the barracks illiterate. Two themselves. or three years later they were ninety- five per cent literate. They are organ- The European churches are thoroughly izing study groups or "Red Corners" roused to the danger of the propaganda in every industrial establishment and that is sweeping over the Continent from classes and lectures in the "Workers Rusia, carried by radio, poster, pam- Clubs" and "Peasant Homes."-The phlet and motion picture to the most Churchman. remote village, and finding a ready hearing among the millions of unemployed AFRICA (Germany alone has 4,500,000 out of work now), many of whom have been Conference for African Children idle for a year or more, and are embittered against society and Church, as well THE International Conference for as against the state for their inability to African Children was held in Gecope with the world-wide depression. neva from June 22-25, 1931, with three hundred attending-including doctors, Russian Intolerance philanthropists, missi'Onaries, and rep- resentatives of various governments. ALL books and magazines are rigid- The International "Save the Children" ly censored, and the only news- Union organized this conference under papers are government controlled. missionary impetus. Three main ques- tions were dealt with: infantile mor- Most of the churches carryon services tality in Africa; education as it but the Soviet rulers seek to bring prepares children for life; and the about the eventual dissolution of the general conditions of child and youth church by turning the minds of the labor and the protection of child labor children away from God and the in Africa. church, and putting various handicaps upon the prosecution of active church Child labor in Africa presents an life. They have disestablished and acute problem in industrialized disdisendowed the church. They have tricts. The problem of infantile morclosed the seminaries. Religiuus in- tality is more serious and all reports struction of groups of three or more contain appalling figures; the percentchildren under eighteen years of age age is rarely less than twenty, while is prohibited. The priests cannot vote the most frequently recorded average and they receive no ration book to buy is between sixty and seventy. Such a food and clothing at the government situation can be met only by the joint stores. effort of all the colonial, native, educa- tional, and missi'Onary forces. Among No weekly activities, such as clubs innumerable causes-syphilis, tubercu- losis, children's epidemics, economical and classes, are permitted-nothing exploitation, native superstitions and customs were those most frequently but the carrying on of services of wor- discussed. This shows the necessity of ship.

The Communist government, des- potic though it be, is determined that everybody shall be educated (in every- thing except religion). They are build- ing schools, raising the salaries of teachers, giving free board and tuition to about half the students at technical

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w'Ork in the field 'Of schaal and health th'Ority, either 'Of the missi'Onaries 'Or educati'On. even 'Of the G'Ospel."

The c'Onference decided t'O establish An A:frican Communion Service a center, under the directi'On 'Of the Internati'Onal "Save the Children" Un- OUR last c'Ommunion service (Sunian, in 'Order t'O carry 'On the inquiries day, May 24th) was the largest in and t'O c'Ollect d'Ocumentati'On 'On the the history 'Of the F()ulassi stati'On, ab'Ove and related questi'Ons. The In- West Africa. The Sunday before I ternati'Onal "Save the Children" Uni'On preached 'On Christ sending out the will be glad t'O send the res'Oluti'Ons seventy and I t'Old the pe'Ople that I v'Oted by this c'Onference t'O any'One ap- wanted seventy v'Olunteers t'O give a plying far them. wh'Ole week to pers'Onal w'Ork in the villages and t'O calling the unc'Onverted Revolt Against Authority in Africa f'Olk t'O come t'O the service. Over 'One hundred volunteered. I think that I N HIS rep'Ort 'On the missi'On fields they must have seen every man, w'Om- presented t'O the Paris S'Ociety 'Of an and child within a radius of 15 Evangelical Missi'Ons, M. E. Allegret miles of Foulassi. When such a gr.oup stated that the rev'Olt against auth'Or- .of c.onsecrated men and women went ity is 'One 'Of the seri'Ous problems 'Of f'Orth s.omething had t'O happen. I orthe day in Africa, as in other parts 'Of ganized 'Other groups, who were n'Ot the w'Orld. In 'Order t'O c'Ounteract it able to g'O, to hold little prayer-meetan attempt is being made t'O revive the ings each day t'O ask God's blessing on ancient religi'Ons 'Of the East. "Far the work that the 109 were d'Oing. the same reason," he said, "we are witnessing in Africa a revival 'Of the Last Sunday morning so many came 'Old paganism and same 'Of the really to church that there was no place to civilized people 'On the c'Oasts are re- put them and we had five 'Overflow turning t'O id'Olatr'Ous practices, t'O meetings. My wife had a meeting f'Or which they attempt t'O give s'Ome spir- 600 children in the girls' sch'Ool, Mrs. ituality by c'Ombining them with frag- Krug had a meeting at the dispenments 'Of Christianity. The rev'Olt sary, Mr. Krug held a large meeting against auth'Ority, the wave 'Of ma- at the boys' schaal f'Or the people wh'O terialism which is sweeping yaung and lived near Foulassi, for the people 'Old, men and w'Omen, 'On t'O the c'On- wanted to give the guests the good quest 'Of wealth and pleasure, the in- seats in the church. Our Foulassi crease 'Of alc'Oh'Olism and imm'Orality, evangelist held another meeting far the B'Olshevist pr'Opaganda for which F'Oulassi pe'Ople in the n'Ormal school the s'Oil is only to'O well prepared, the building and I held the service in the general unrest and unc'Onsci'Ous sad- church. There were 3,254 pe'Ople presness arising from the feeling that life ent, alm'Ost 1,000 mare than our larghas n'Ow no firm faun dation, the irra- est c'Ongregati'On in the past. When I ti'Onal and gr'Owing distrust 'Of the had finished preaching on the text white man, wh'O has last his 'Old pres- "Return unt'O me and I will return tige; all these fact'Ors …… are mak- unto Y'Ou," I called far all who wanted ing the missionaries' task far mare t'O return unt'O God to come f'Orward. difficult. The Christians themselves, One hundred and fifty pe'Ople came and especially those of the sec'Ond and third accepted Christ as their Savi'Our-41 generati'Ons, wh'O have not had to men, 51 w'Omen and 58 children. It struggle like their fathers to win and was a great day. Never bef'Ore have maintain their faith, s'Ometimes waver. I seen the Spirit 'Of G'Od w'Ork with Our missi'Onaries write that 'Our such power. Tw'O 'Of our new c'Onfeschurches are reaching the difficult age s'Ors are young men wh'O hold high where pe'Ople want to live their 'Own p'Ositi'Ons with the French administralives and d'O not easily accept any au- ti'On. The five strangest chiefs in this

section were present. That was un- but one said, uNo, Romans 8; for in usual as they neve}! come near the that chapter is recorded what God has church. None of them confessed but done for us in Christ, and we are aswe are praying that they will come sured that those monsters which have into His fold some day. slain their thousands cannot separate us from the love of God which is in The chief and government head-man Christ Jesus." who confessed at Nkumajap some time ago is an enthusiastic convert. He has Medical Work in Morocco released his women and is now showing others the Way.-Rev. Irvin W. SPECTACULAR success or impres- Underhill, Presbyterian Mission, West sive statistic,s rarely accrue to Africa. those who preach Christ in the North African territories once known as the Religions Training in Egypt Barbary States. Nevertheless, Dr. James Liley, son of the late A. V. THE general theme for a s:ries of Liley of the North Africa Mission, fourteen religious leadership con- feels that the soil is assuredly being ferences in Egypt this year was "Re- prepared for a plentiful harvest. Fez, ligious Education from a Theoretical ancient capital of Morocco, has a popand Practical Standpoint." Daily va- ulation of 120,000, more than twice cation Bible schools were also consid- that of Ta~gier, and possesses an anered. This movement is only two years cient Moslem university, where fully old in Egypt, but 59 schools were con- 1,000 young men are being educated ducted, a gain of 80% over the former in the tenets of Islam. In this strateyear. At least 2,360 students partici- gic center Dr. Liley, his wife and three pated, of whom 500 were Moslems. lady workers, find abundant scope for Every Sunday in Cairo more than 1,- medical missionary activities. That 500 boys and girls assemble in street the ministry of healing is breaking Sunday schools held in 26 localities. down prejudice, and opening doors for In Assiut, there are 1,800 in such Gospel testimony, is evident in many street Sunday schools and the total at- directions. Patients are now more tendance, including other cities, is ready to join in hymns at the services over 4,000. Bible lesson picture cards and to give heed to the Word. Dr. are a feature in each school. Many of Liley is often asked by the men to the children join the day schools. Of- attend the womenfolk in their houseten a street Sunday school is turned holds-a remarkable change of attiinto a day school and here the children tude as compared with former days receive a Christian education. Sheikh and French authorities allow full lib- Metry Dewairy is the field worker. erty for Scripture distribution and other forms of evangelistic work, ex- An Afriean'. Choice cept in certain military zones.

ANUMBER of evangelists were For "Starving America" gathered together studying the Scriptures. The missionary conduct- ,t N AFRICAN church has sent moning the class said: "SUpposing a robber came and threatened to take away ft ey to "starving America" ! Three all your goods, but gave you the option of choosing one article to keep. What dollars and seventy-seven cents has would you ask to have left?" All with- come to the Presbyterian Foreign out hestitation held up the New Tes- Board, from Batanga, Africa. It tament, saying, "This Book." The comes from a few native Chdstians missionary said, "But if the robber and is forwarded by Rev. Albert I: would not permit you to keep the whole Good, D.D., Presbyterian missionary of it, which portion would you pre- with the following letter: fer?" Most of them replied, "John 3": 4 m~nth or so ago there was a little art!cle In the Bulu n~ws s.heet, the Me/oe, tellIng of the hard tImes In America, and

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indicating that there were actually peo- sionaries in China: 'The American ple in America who did not have enough priests are busy poisoning a nation to eat. This particular item caugh~ the which is in the process of regeneraattention of Pastor Eduma Musambl and tion. If America is sincere in her inhis son Musambi, who is an elder in the tention to help China, she must first church at Batanga, and they decided to recall her missionaries.' The same give something for the starving people in educationist also came to Turkey some America. They quietly told the church years ago …… and studied our edupeople about it, and entirely of their own cational system. When he returned to volition, a sum of money was gather.ed, America he passed the following judgwhich I enclose to you. I had nothIng ment on the activities of the missionwhatever to do with this matter except ariES in Turkey: 'The missionary to receive the money and transmit it. schools in Turkey are suspected of re- ligious propaganda; for this re:1scn A contribution of 16 cents was from they have lost their authority in all a widow who sold food to give it. the East and forgotten their educa- tional duty.' In no civilized country This is bread cast upon the water, are there religious schools. No civilreturning after many days. ized nation is willing to give its chil- dren to priests for education. But WESTERN ASIA imperialistic powers use these schools as tools for propaganda and conquest Turkey Getting in Step …… The most important duty of the new Turkey which is anxious for her 1'HE Turkish Government's interest independence is to stop the missionary in character training i,g seen in the activities which are the organs of imcourses introduced in the regular perialism. A secular government school curriculum on "Religion for the which has separated religion from Children of the RepUblic." These state cannot permit missionary and courses provide direct teaching religious schools. In Turkey no chance against cherished beliefs and customs, for existence must be given to misas, for example, magical or faith cure, sionaries." This is an evidence of the fortune telling, visiting graves to effect of godless education in America. make a wish, magic, lighting candles for the dead, the use of Arabic (which In Changing Peraia is not understood by the masses) in church services, and believing foolish GIRLS in the tenth-year sociology traditions. These "Religious Lessons" class at Iran Bethel School, conare really lessons in conduct, and are ducted by Presbyterian missionaries against things usually associated with in Teheran, have had a good many inreligion in that country. They advo- teresting experiences this year. They cate the use {If modern machinery, visited twelve government institutions, European science, cleanliness,' sanita- such as the government printing office, tion, scientific medicine, exercise; the the city insane asylum, an orphanage, acceptance of modern clothes, manner and finally, to crown the experiences, of eating, and civilization; the use of the head of the government airplane the vernacular and the separation of service invited the class to take a hop church and state. in his plane. These Persian girls a few years ago would hardly have been Turkey Anti-Missionary allowed outside the four walls of their homes. THE reactions against Christianity are still strong in Turkey. An INDIA, BURMA, SIAM article published under the title, "We Must Stop the Activities of the Mis- The Present Situa.tion in India. sionaries," in Son Posta, contains the following: "John Dewey, the educa- MR. RALLIA RAM, the late Mr. K. tional expert of America, studied for s'ome time the educational organiza- l T. Paul's successor on the Nation of China. When he returned to tional Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s of America …… he passed the following judgment on the activities of the mis-

India, Burma, and Ceylon, on his way large mission boards find their fito the Y. M. C. A. World Conferences nances reduced to such an extent that in the United States, made the follow- retrenchment on a large scale has been ing comments on the situation in In- forced upon them. dia: Making the Most of Life One of the most important tendencies in India is its rapprochement with SOME years ago Dr. Sam Higginother great nations of the East, more bottom received the following especially in matters of intellectual letter from Prof. N. A. Nitale: and cultural value. In February, there met at Lahore the first Pan-Asiatic "I am an assistant professor of bi- Congress vf Women, and an Asiatic ology in Wilson College, Bombay. The Teachers' Congress has just met for doctor has just told me that I am a the first time in India. This shows leper and must give up my work here that Orientals are becoming less in- at once. Will you receive me into terested in the West and more inter- your institution and let me do some ested in Asia itself. work for my suffering fellow men while I have yet strength 1"

The Nationalist wave passing over He was admitted and immediately India is not the first ()f its kind. set up a laboratory where he has Every ten years, it has been noticed, worked out several valuable tests. He there is a great renaissance of the has discovered that most lepers have spirit of liberty. What is new is that hcokworm, malaria or some form of for the first time this movement has intestinal trouble, all 'Of which must no religious coloring. The great ma- be eliminated before there is any hope jority vf Nationalist youth is hostile for cure. Not content with this great to religion. This is no reason why service he has organized a training Christians should not take an active school composed of young men and interest in the Nationalist movement. women who have been cured of A Christian Nationalist Party has leprosy. These young people are be- recently been formed. Its principles ing trained in laboratory work so that are as follows: "Indian Chri8tians they can go out and help in other in- must give their help to the national stitutions where they are sorely movement; they must take their full needed. In order that the training, share in the sufferings of the people; which requires about three years, may they must participate in the political be as thorough as possible, Professor life of their country; they must re- Nitale requires the study of English, nounce demands for special and legal mathematics, physiology, sanitation privileges for their community." and the elements of chemistry and bi- India's Latest Census ology, all of which he himself teaches.

FIRST information is now available At Miss Sorabji'. Grave regarding this year's census of India. The total population of this great "BESIDE her grave many lost all land is now 351,000,000, an increase fear of death as divider and of 32,000,000, or ten per cent in ten years. Judging by the preceding cen- conqueror," writes Miss Susie Sorabsus, the Christian population, includ- ji's sister from Poona. "Canon Butching Protestants and Catholics, proba- er of Bombay conducted the services which were attended mostly by non- christians. A wonderful thing hap- bly will show a thirty per cent in- pened. Naja, a lovely Parsee girl came crease, bringing its present total to forward and asked Canon Butcher to over six millions. Rejoicing is tem- announce that she wanted to be bappered by the fact that there are 30,- tized. It was a marvelous piece of 000,000 more to be evangelized now courage for her own Zoroastrian comthan there were ten years ago. Add to munity was there in greater numbers this the fact that nearly all of the than 'One wculd find them anywhere

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else. The persecution has begun al- Siamese, form a Christian Literature ready. Her relatives and the high Committee, whose attention is devoted priest threaten her and alternately largely to translation. A prominent bribe her. The worst to face must be Siamese lady has revealed herself as that which I heard a relative shouting a poet of sufficient ability to compose at her: 'If you are baptized you will correct Siamese verse, and has pre- do a great wrong to one whom you pared some suitable adaptations of the profess to love. You say you love Miss Psalms for use in praise service.

Susie! You know how she loved her work, and St. Helena School. If you CHINA become a Christian, we'll wreck St. Mass Education Experiment Helena. We'll empty it. If you stay a Zoroastrian we will pack it so that REPORTS -of the ten year rural exit will have to be enlarged still more, periment, inaugurated by Y. C. a wonderful memorial to Miss Susie Jame-s Yen as a mass education movewhom we all love.' Again they urge ment show that the first year's enrol- 'at least be a Christian in secret, not ment in elementary schools is 14,210, openly, not baptized.' She needs our exceeding the quota set by the moveprayers."-A letter by Miss Cornelia ment by more than 4,000. Next year Sorabji. the goal is "no less than 30,000 young men and women." Economic education Si8.D1 Sends Musionar), has been progressing steadily and health education has begun. T HE Siamese are sending out their first missionary. Kru Seng Saa, An agricultural fair, similar to the his wife and children are going north- well-known county fair in the United east into Korat. Many of the people States, was held with a definite social there are primitive, frontier animists. and educational purpose. The morn- Very few are Buddhists. Kru Seng ings were devoted to demonstrations Saa is a Christian college graduate. and lectures, the afternoons to dra- He taught a short time in Pitsanu- matics. In cooperation with the Deloke, then took up city evangelistic partment of Agriculture, three farmwork in which he was engaged when ers' institutes were held at three this call came. He is a devoted worker centrally located villages, with sessions and a man of ente"prise. Since he of about two weeks. The total enrolbegan his work before there was a ment of the three institutes was over theological seminary, he received his 600. More than 500 stuck to their training by doing, with some study training until the end, and 451 reunder the missionary with whom he ceived certificates qualifying them to worked. His wife was for eight years be demonstration farmers. A travela nurse in the Chulalongkorn Hospital. ing clinic goes into selected villages They will be supported entirely by which have elementary schools and Siam churches. which are convenient centers for at least five or six villages. Vaccination and physical examinations are given.

Christia.n Council in Sia.nt Two health institutes have been held, AN INTERESTING development in with encouraging rEsults. Siam is the formation of a National Christian Council. American Equal Rights for Women A Presbyterian missionaries outnumber NEW law which gives to women rights equal to those enjoyed by tholle of other denominations, but Rev. C. R. Simmons of the Church of Eng- men has just been promUlgated in land Mission is chairman of the Coun- China, and works an amazing revolu- cil; and Rev. Clarence Norwood, head tion in Chinese family relations. The of St. Peter's School for Boys in Chinese woman is given absolute Bangkok, with one American and one equality before the law, not only in

marriage. but in all other' matters. The President of China is planning an Daughters are entitled to inherit their anti-lawless campaign in the provinces parents' estates equally with sons. of Hupeh and Kiangsi, has reorganized Under old law, Chinese women could the Central Military Academy, and not eVEn own property after they were himself ·spends four hours daily lecmarried. The new law of family re- turing and acquainting the students lations, now effective, makes no men- with the "brutal crimes" of Commution of the concubinage system, which nism and warning against its influhas been prevalent in China for cen- ence. These students, when trained, turies, and is still common in some will be sent to Communist areas to parts of the country. While the sys- spread "the gospel of Three People's tem is not specifically outlawed under Principles" in order to counteract the the new code, it is made unpopular; Red menace. for no provision is made for children of concubinEs to inherit. Christianity Gains in Quality Dr. Wang Chung-Hui, Chinese THE China Inland Mission baptized judge at the Court of International six hundred more converts last Justice at the Hague, worked out this year than the previous year. Chinese law in the new civil code, upon which leaders are measuring the serious rehe has spent more than a year. Legal sponsibilities of a:utonomy as a result Experts declare it a masterpiece, in- of the enforced absence of missioncorporating . the best principles of aries. Indigenous leadership in counmodern law and the best of ancient try mission hospitals is a striking Chinese customs, with little harm to success, and of one hundred and tweneither. ty graduates of Peking Medical Col- lege one half are in missionary service. Dr. Koo on China'. Chief Need Chiang Kai-shih, China's president, has built a church in his native town, DR. T. Z. KOO, of the National since' his baptism, and encourages Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in Christianity in every way. China, says that the chief need of China today, in order that its people Frightful persecution is another may again become creative, is not sci- side of the picture. Not long ago the entific or material development, but Reds took a town in the vicinity of contact with God. "When a people Hupeh. The Christians fled to the loses its contact with the vital person- church, hoping it might prove a refality of God, a God greater than any- uge. Before long, however, the Reds thing the human mind can conceive," entered and asked for the pastor. The Doctor Koo declares, "that people soon Chinese pastor at once stepped forbegins to lose its vision; and when a ward and said, "If you seek the pastor, people loses its vision its creative ca- I am he." They took him prisoner and pacitysteadily dies out." He says that he went to his death a few days later there was a time when the Chinese as triumphantly as any martyr in the were discoverers and pioneers in art, early church. In spite of unfavorable literature, philosophy, government and government regulations, the fury of science, but for the past thousand the Reds, threatening bandits, factionyears they have lived merely on their al wars, famine fever, and student past. propaganda, the church goes forward. A few years ago, Dr. Grenfell when Training Youth to Fight CommuniSl11 visiting China said: "You are to be congratulated. It is much more hope- BECAUSE of the activities of the ful where the church is persecuted Reds and bandits, the mission- than where, as in America, it is simaries of the American Methodist ply neglected." Board have been compelled to evacuate the northern part of Fukien Pr·ovince.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MISCELLANEOUS waste of resources-with duplication and overlapping and such a misdirection of A Friend of Missionaries forces that valuable life and work have not counted to the. fun extent of their THE General Assembly of the Pres- possibilities, and huge areas are still byterian Church sent a message to untouched. Captain Robert Dollar; the famous shipping man, and a ruling elder, who 7. The Movement stands for New Tesis now eighty-seven and ill. He has tament principles of expansion, for widebeen remarkable in his businESS spread evangelism in order that groups achievements, and even more in his of believers may be gathered into churchreligious life. He was reported the es which, from the first, must be selfother day as still rising in the morn- governing, self-supporting, and selfing and conducting worship as he has propagating. done for over half a century, then returning to bed. He said recently: 8. The Movement stands for the truth that these Churches are under the care of the Holy Ghost and that they should be taught to depend upon Him for all their needs, spiritual and material.

"When I come to die, I hope I will have ClergYDlen Polled on War Question a hard day at the office, come home, read my Bible, then go to sleep and T HE sentiment of 53,000 clergymen wake up in the next world." May it on matters pertaining to war was sought by the World Tomorrow in a. be so i There are few of his kind left. questionnaire. Out of the 19,327 who responded, 12,076 believed that Amer- Here is another of his characteristic ica should go on record as refusing to sanction or support any future war. utterances, w:hich has worldly value: "Don't wait for your ships to come in. The questions and summarized an- swers follow: Just keep sending them out. They'll keep coming in all right as long as you Do you favor military training in send them out."

The World Dominion Movement our public high schools and civilian colleges or universities? Yes, 2,574.

HERE are eight of the twenty-one No, 16,018. principles set forth in a circular of Do you favor ,substantial reductions the WorId Dominion Movement. The in armaments even if the United head of the organization is Thomas States is compelled to take the initia- Cochrane, of England. tive and make a proportionately great- 1. The Movement stands for the evan- er reduction than other naUons are gelization of the world in this generation. willing to do7 Yes,15,449. No, 2,702.

2; The Movement stands for the final Do you believe that the policy of authority of t4e Scriptures and the Deity armed intervention in other lands by and atoning death of the Lord Jesus our government to protect the lives Christ, the world's only Saviour. and property of American citizens 3. The Movement stands for the obli- should be abandoned and protective gation which rests upon every Christian efforts con5ned to pacific means? Yes, to be a soul-winner and for impressing 12,017. No, 3,899. upon every soul won to Christ this paramount duty of winning others. Are you personally prepared to state 4. The Movement stands for the truth that it is your present purpose not to that its great objective can only be at- sanction any future war or participate tained if those associated with it are men as an armed combatant? Yes, 10,427. and women of power through prayer and No, 5,801. the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. Could you conscientiously serve as 5. The Movement stands for the com- an army chaplain on active duty in plete coordination of all that is being wartime? Yes, 8,700. No, 6,628. done at home and abroad to make Christ and His salvation known to every man, Do you rega.rd the 'distinction bewoman and child of this generation. tween "defensive" and "aggressive" war as sufficiently valid to justify 6. The Movement surveys the world, your sanctioning or participating in a country by country, so that it may find future war of defense? Yes, 8,316. out and direct attention to the regions No, 7,130.-The Churchman. of greatest need. It has thus created an Intelligence Department for lack of which there has in the past been a great

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Hinterlands of the Church. A study dents of America's religious problems. Noble character is the basis of usefulof areas with a low proposition of ness; knowledge of God and a right church members. Index by Elizabeth relation to Him is the basis of char- IRn.stHitouotekeorf 8vo. 314 pp. $1.75 net. acter; religious teaching and expres- Social and Religious Sur· sion are essentials to the knowledge of vey, New York. 1931. God. If America is to be strong and if Americans are to be Christians then There are religiously handicapped every man, woman and child should people and handicapped districts. Few have an opportunity to learn of God realize that only about one half of the and to worship Him. If this is to be population of the United States belong done the "Hinterlands" must be occuto any religious organization, Protes- pied for Christ. Miss Hooker shows tant or Catholic, Jewish, Hindu or the present need and suggests ways Confucian, Theosophist, C h r i s t ian for meeting that need. Science or Mormon. Many thousands live in communities where they have ThCeonRnUerlall. B1il7li1on.pagBeys. ChCalroleths, M$. 1.M00e;- no regular church privileges. Paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, New York. 1931. Three years ago the Institute of Social and Religious Research began to A comprehensive and illuminating presentation of the economic and reliinvestigate six kinds of territory in gious background of more than onethe United States where rural churches half of the world's population who live in towns, villages, and open country. are absent, closed or ineffective. In The necessity for the application of some counties less than 200/0 of the the Gospel message in terms of compopulation are church members; in munity service, economic advanceothers the percentage is over fifty. ment, more adequate educational and medical advantages under leadership Miss Hooker, who has a useful ar- which is trained specifically for this ticle in this issue of the REVIEW, and broader program of evangelism among who writes this report of the survey, rural folk is convincingly presented. has done a careful piece of work, ac- The author has drawn upon his own rich experience in the field of rural companying her interpretation with evangelism and upon the experience of twelve tables and twenty-eight charts missionaries in home and foreign lands and maps. Her studies include the six whose labors bear witness to the poskinds of territory investigated, with sibilities of Christianizing rural soseparate chapters on the old hilly ciety through patient, persistent, selfareas, level areas, grazing regions, denying devotion and faith such as mountain sections, cut-over districts were nobly exemplified in the life of and dry-farming regions. She then John Frederick Oberlin and of others reviews the church situation in these of the present generation. Numerous territories and describes the attempted illustrations of the transformations remedies; six appendices relate to wrought by their efforts are offered tests for measuring church effectiveness, s tat i s tic a I findings, rural churches of Vermont, and the "Indices of Changing Social Pattern."

Here is a valuable study-especially for pastors in the regions mentioned, for Home Mis-sion officials and for stu- 714

BOOKS WORTH READING

in proof 'Of the enduring value ·of their It is to be regretted that this survey does not appear in the printed volume, work. nor does the report contain a list of delegates present. The importance of In a forceful advocacy of the right the conference is evident at a time when within the Christian church itof the rural billion of the world to self there are those who question the right and the wisdom of any effort on enjoy the privileges and 'Opportunities the part of Christians to include Jews in a missionary program. accorded to those wh'O dwell in the The report consists of two parts: cities, the auth'Or has carefully avoided the first containing the address; tbe second the findings of the conference. the implicathm 'Of many treatises on The former include an opening ad- dress by Dr. John R. Mott, and a the subject of rural sociology, that strong statement on the "Validity of the Christian Approach to the Jews" rural folk are different and that rural by Rev. James M. Black of Edinburgh. Two of the longest addresses are by life is "a thing apart" from the rest experienced workers among Jews- Dr. John Stuart Conning of New York, of the world. He reminds us again and Rev. C. H. Gill of England. They deal with major problems and issues that the m'Odern world is a neighbor- and the present-day emphasis in the work of Evangelism. Two chapters hood "within speaking distance across are by the newly appointed General Secretary of the International Comthe fence" in which the good of one mittee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Dr. Conrad Hoffman. He is the concern of all, and that "no deals with the "Methods of Christian Approach" and the "Possibilities of accident of birth, no given occupation, Closer Cooperation." Other speakers included Basil Mathews, Dr. Julius no circumstance of race or nation Richter, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. Dr. Dougla·s Mackenzie of Hartford should bar any individual fr'Om enj'Oy- answered the question "What Is It in Our Christian Faith that We Desire ing the common wealth of the world to Share with Our Jewish Brethren?"

and sharing its opportunities for Within the Four Seas–A Shantung Idyl. By Paul Richard Abbott. 12mo. The abundant life." We must bec'Ome bet- Commercial Press, Limited, Shanghai, China. 1930. ter acquainted with our rural neigh- This is another novel by a China bors, with their problems and their missionary, who, though not born in that land, has evidently kept his eyes possibilities, not in a patr'Onizing spirit wide open during his score of years of service there. It is full of Chinese but for the sake of the contribution atmosphere and introduces the reader to many curious manners and customs which they may make in partner·ship of the 85% of China's population who live in her villages and seldom go with all who l'Ove Christ and follow beyond the market towns.

His teachings, t'O the building of His The author has perhaps overdrawn the transformation of his hero thr'Ough Kingdom. It provides valuable and in- teresting collateral material for lead- ers and members of study class groups, besides furnishing helpful information t'O many who are eager to know the facts concerning the missionary need and program. J. M. S.

Christians and Jews. A Report of the Conference on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Atlantic City, New Jer- sey-May 12-15, 1931, by the Interna- tional Committee on the Christian Ap- proach to the Jews, International Missionary Council. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hampshire. 155 pp.

The Atlantic City C'Onference on the Christian Approach to the Jews dealt primarily with America and was the counterpart of the Budapest-Warsaw Conferences held in 1927 which con- sidered the Jewish question in Eur'Ope.

In preparation for the conference an extensive survey of the Jews in America and Christian work among them was made by Charles H. Fahs, of the Missionary Research Library.

participation in the great war as a reveal the same great need that exists coolie in France, and his development in America today. Every pastor, and into the courtly "Sir Galahad" of a others interested in Christian work, charming little French girl, who as will read this life story with deep in- his happy wife works wonders in his terest and profit.

crude ancestral home; but he has written a very interesting story teem- Twice Born Chinese. By Charles E. Scott. ing with adventure, altogether whole- 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1931.

some, and definitely missionary. Those Chinese who have been transformed who would become familiar with the by surrender to Christ are the best Chinese background for the study of evidences that the Christian Gospel is China's life, her culture and her need, adapted to the needs of China and the will find it in this story in more at- world. Dr. Scott, a missionary of the tractive and more readily assimilable Presbyterian Church for over twenty form than in the ordinary study book. years and the author of "China From C. H. F. Within," tells here some stories of men and women who were so trans- If I Be Lifted Up. By Samuel Shoemaker, formed by the power of Christ. A Jr. 12mo. Revell and Company, New medicine faker became a personal York. worker for Christ, and ten other Chi- nese struggled through trials to tri- This is a timely, clear, helpful, scrip- umphs. These are stirring pages from tural, spiritual interpretation of the the history of Christianity in China application of the dynamic without -graphically told in terms of indiwhich Christianity has no saving pow- vidual experiences. er and no distinct message. This book meets a real need in modern life, for its appeal is vital and its method effec- The Religion of Jesus. By Toyohiko Ka- gawa. 8mo. 127 pp. $1.25. John C. tive. J. Men. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1931.

Uncle John Vassar. By Thomas E. Vas- Our readers are already familiar sar, Revised by H. N. Miller and E. with the remarkable character, history N. Hardy. 12mo. 190 pp. $1. Amer- and work of this famous Christian ican Tract Society, New York. 1931.

A life like that of John Vassar is leader in Japan. Dr. Robert E. Speer an inspiration to higher living and supplies an excellent biographical more devoted service. He was a man sketch of Mr. Kagawa, the apostle to of strong personality, unusual power the poor, who in spite of many great and high purpose. Born in 1813 in physical handicaps, has become a noted Poughkeepsie, New York, of the same author, lecturer, evangelist and social family that founded Vassar College, worker. At present Dr. Kagawa is in he enjoyed few educational advantages America, lecturing in a number of uniand worked in his uncle's brewery for versities and colleges.

some years. In his early life John was The major part of the book is a very profane, though his parents were translation (by Miss Helen Topping), godly people, but he. was converted of Dr. Kagawa's interpretation of the during revival meetings when he was "Religion of Jesus." He bases his 29 YEars of age. Later he left the knowledge on the New Testament and, brewery business as inconsistent with while at times he seems to differenti- his Christian profession and he became ate too much between God and Jesus, a colporteur of the American Tract he accepts Jesus as the divine revealer Society with a salary of one hundred of God and the Redeemer and Saviour and sixty dollars a year and traveling of Man. He accepts the religion of expenses. John Vassar was a remark- Jesus as a religion of love, of right- able personal worker with a passion eousness, of sacrifice, of service. Dr.

for souls. His experiences in city and Kagawa closes with the words: "In country, in the army and on the road, modern life on this earth, love is all

BOOKS WORTH READING

dried up like a dry desert. But we World Revolution and Religion. By Paul want to restore once more a world of Hutchinson. 200 pp. $2. Abingdon light, freedom and love, satinaled with Press, New York. 1931. the power of the grace and love of J esus, which is like the soft rain of This book reminds us of the definispring." tion given of a pessimist-the man who blows out his candle to see how "The Way of Jesus Is the Way of dark it is. No one can dispute the God, of the Cross, and of the Holy seri,ous and disturbing conditions that Spirit." face humanity today-the disturbing factors of political, social, racial, and India: Land of the Black Pagoda. By religious changes in every land. These Lowell Thomas. 350 pp. $4.00. Cen- are ably sketched and emphasized as indicative of the dissolution of the old tury, New York.

Lowell Thomas,· an experienced order. But according to the author traveller, an expert narrator, and the it is because of these upheavals that author of a dozen popular volumes, the outlook for organized religi'On is knows what to look for and how to dark. When he speaks of the racial describe what he sees. He went to revolution the Mission Boards and the India expecting to stay two months, missionaries come in for severe criti- and he fell so completely under the cism. He says: "Missions as a recipspell of the East that he remained two rocal activity in which the white years. He roamed "back and forth for humbly acknowledges that he has as a total distance of over 60,000 miles." much to receive as to give, seems to He does not go far beneath the sur- them 'obvious nonsense, and they will face nor attempt a discussion of prob- have none ·of it. All of which forces lems, but writes as a reporter of the the observation that it is very doubtimpressionist type. He has given us ful whether Christian missions can .one of the most readable books of survive the coming and inevitable end travel in recent years, word pictures of white world domination." of a land that impresses every visitor, In the chapter on religious revolu- as it did Mark Twain, "a land of tion the impression is given that even dreams and romance, of fabulous as Darwin dealt the death blow t'O the wealth and fabulous poverty, of splen- old argument for the existence of God dor and rags, of palaces and hovels, based on "design," so Einstein's "relaof famine and pestilence; mother of tivity" touches the realm of morals. history, grandmother of legend, and "In a relative world, what becomes of great-grandmother of tradition." In right and wrong? And what is good? this era of close relationships, no in- That, in its simplest form, is the stagtelligent man can be indifferent to a gering question which, from this day people who constitute one fifth of the forward, confronts religion." human race and whose problems and aspirations are affecting the whole There is scarcely any reference to world. This book gives the reader a the Bible, and distaste is expressed for clearer conception of India, but we the Apostles' Creed. The author fails regret that it does not give greater to see that thrones and empires have prominence to the constructive forces passed away, but the Church of Christ that are operating. Mr. Thomas makes stands. The Sixtieth Chapter of Isafew references to missionaries, but iah and the closing chapters of Revelawhat he does say is sympathetic, par- tion are more optimistic. ticularly regarding medical missionaries, whom he highly praises. The We cannot call this a helpful book. lack of an index is a defect that We do not agree that our present should be corrected in any further Christless civilization can be saved from extinction by a new humanism. "Nor the church that now is will not at all survive" (p. 197). The conclud- printing. A. J. B. ing paragraph holds out some hope

for a new kind of a church (not built Korea: The Old and the New. By Ellaon the old foundations nor with the old name: "It will not be a church sue Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell, of one continent, or one race, or one creed. It may not be called by any New York. 1931. . of the titles that we know; not even by that title which seems very sacred Kaleidoscopic changes are taking to us, Christian. But it will be composed of those seeking and courageous place in Korea as throughout the Far souls in all lands who, in response to mankind's deepest and immortal urge, East. The cla-sh of the new civilizago out to do battle with all that is false and inimical to human develop- tion with the old produces staggering ment and who likewise go out passionately to find God." results. In 1880 there were still sign- We need not go out to find God, nor posts along the highways with the go far. He finds us, in Jesus Christ, who is with His church all the days words; "If you meet a foreigner kill until the end of the age. S. M. Z. him' he who has friendly relations with a foreigner is a traitor to his country." Today the young men with their Western learning and civiliza- tion think in terms as remote and dif- ferent as is possible. There is an un- quenchable thirst for Western educa- tion. "Schools spring up over night; books pour out of the press. The last decade has witnessed a revolution India's Religion of Grace and Christianity greater than, and more far reaching Compared .and Contrasted. By Rudolf than, the French Revolution. Old Otto. Translated by Frank Hugh F?s- shackles have been broken. This is a ter, D.D. 143 pp. 68. Student ChrIS- tian Movement Press, London. new Korea today." The effect of all this is seen in the everyday life of Dr. Otto is known to most readers the people-in their dre,ss and espeof theological books as the author of cially in the greater freedom of wom- "The Idea of the Holy." His excep- anhood and a special interest in the tional knowledge of Sanskrit literature preservation of child life. Superstiand his acquaintance with contempo- tions are disappearing and the last rary religious life in India make this chapters speak of the influence of recent volume of especial value to stu- Christianity in producing, directing, dents in this field. We say that the and controlling these stupendous religion of Christ should not be judged changes. This is a fascinating picby the faulty practice of its present- ture of present-day Korea with the day adherents, but by the Gospel of background of the heritage of the past its Founder. Likewise in passing by one who is in charge of a social judgment upon Hinduism we should evangelistic center in the old capital. know the teaching of its earliest books. What Dr. Otto has to say of s. M. Z.

the sources from which he quotes does Tukaram: A Translation from Mahipati's not detract from the supremacy he accords our faith and withal gives us Bhaktalilamrita. (The Poet-Saints of a broader view of the striving of the Maharashtra Series.) Translated from the Marathi by Rev. Justin E. Abbott, D.D. xx-346 pp. $1.25. Obtainable Holy Spirit with the children of men from the Author, 120 Hobart Ave., and a happier belief in the innate Summit, N. J. 1930. reaching out of the human heart towards God and salvation by grace. If This fictitious story of an adventhe author finds much in common be- turer with his Hindu god, who through tween the two faiths he also finds more the path of Bkakti is supposed to have of contrast, and this contrast should reached highest bliss, gives some inbe recognized and emphasized in India. sight into the inner life of non-Chris- A full glossary of the Sanskrit terms tian mystics. Missionaries may find used adds to the value of the book. here an introduction to the beliefs of a powerful and influential religious J. c. cult in India, and all will see in this

BOOKS WORTH READING

story an example of devotion to God. dresses is good, but the second on com- Fact and fiction form an indivisible ing to terms with the moral universe, blend but the teachings here presented i. e., human society, is outstanding. Its are surprisingly near those of the picture of Christ, is magnificent, meet- Christian Gospel. "Thou art unique in ing with full approval the modern stu- Thy possession 'of a pitying heart" dents' demand for inner instead of (p. 215). "There is no end to hap- outer authority, for an expressive and piness, where there is mutual sy~pa­ not a repressive moral code, and for thy and love" (p. 230). "Wrong thlllk- simplicity and unity of moral obligaing is the root of sin, and it has led many into trouble" (p. 322). tion. It is a vision .of great beauty and power, a real contribution to pres- M. A. Q. D. ent-day ChrIstian thought. P. w. H.

By the Waters of Babylon. By Louis Wal- Life of Cardinal Newman. By Gaius Glenn lis. 8vo. 222 pp. $2. Macmillan. 1931. Atkins, D.D. 338 pp. $2.50. Harpers, New York. There are rich dramatic, as well as religious, values in the Old Testament Nearly a century ha,s passed since history, biography and prophecy. Human nature and human needs have Newman, then a young Oxford Don, not greatly changed except as men and women have come into closer fel- startled the religious world with the lowship with, God-the eternal, the righteous, the loving heavenly Father. first of the epoch making "Tracts for Many of these eternal values are clearly brought out in this novel of the Times." The ideas that he set in the times of Zedekiah, king of Judah. It was a time of moral laxity, and the motion have profoundly influenced worship of Baal; of the oppression of the poor by the rich and of fear of Christian thinking ever since. Protforeign invasion. Jeremiah was prophesying in Judah and Ezekiel in Baby- estants cannot accept Newman's ultra lon. Running through the storywhich is slow of movement but well High Church opinions, which took him told-is the rationalistic view that Jehovah of the Hebrews was a tribal into the Roman Catholic Church; but god unlike Merduk the god of Babylon,' and Amon-Ra of Egypt, chiefly in they reverence his purity of character, being represented as a lord of mercy and justice to the poor and needy. his high aspirations, his unwavering The collection of the Old Testament canon is here described as a work of devotion to Christ, the beauty and scribes who gathered the best of Hebrew literature-but without any con- power of hi,s writings, and the spiritscious leading of the Spirit of God. uality that enriched Christian liter- Coming to Terms with the Universe. Rev. McNeil Poteat. 12mo. 85 pp. The ature with the "Apologia" and the im- Association Press, New York. 1981. mortal hymn-"Lead, Kindly Light." This little book, made up of three addresses delivered to Southern stu- This extraordinary man could not have dents, glows with a great desire to guide them into a real faith in Christ. had a more discriminating biographer The sincerity of the presentation, and the clarity of the argument leave little than Dr. Atkins, professor of homito be desired. Each of the three ad- letics in Auburn Theological Seminary.

He has a genius for analyzing charac- ter and motives and rare skill in de- picting them. We concur in the opin- ion that this book is characterized by "spiritual insight, a sympathetic in- terpretive mind, and masterly literary style, and that it is safe to say that it will find a place beside the two or three great books inspired by the life of Newman since he died forty-one years ago." A. J. B.

The Daughter of Abd Salalll–The Story of a Peasant Woman of Palestine. By Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Richard G. Badger, Boston.

Seven months spent in Palestine gave the writer opportunity to study the home life of the people. This story

of a woman of Bethlehem throws a and heroism runs through the narra- flood of light on village life among tive, the hero finally triumphing over Moslems, from birth to death. The countless dangers and difficulties.

story grips the reader and between the lines folklore and ,superstitions not Report of the World's Committee of the generally familiar are accurately re- Y. M. C. A/s. 300 pages. 4s. Geneva. 1931. vealed and the facts themselves are a The comprehensive report of the plea for missions. A woman speaks; World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s published for the 20th World's Con- "Yet we were only half-glad. The baby ference of Y. M. C. A.'s contains a vivid statement of the seventy-:five was a girl! But she was a beautiful years history of the oldest internation- al youth organization. There is also a baby, and she was mine! We called description of the modern tendencies (political, economic, educational, and her Rasmeya, which means 'first class.' religious) which affect youth, and an explanation of some of the "signs of She grew ·strong and Mohammed loved the times" which are particularly prominent among young people today. her and I forgot my disappointment. The third chapter give·s a survey of Before she was a year old, she was be- the activity of the World's Committee during the last five years-its reortrothed to A'hmud, son of Mousa, Mo- ganization, extension, and deepening, hammed's cousin. He was three years etc. The last part relates to the prob- lems with which a youth movement is old. Mousa gave her a present and confronted in attempting to formulate a message adequate for the present promised to give her something at time and regarding the attitude to be adopted towards moral, international, every festival to keep her for his son; the formal betrothal was to come when they grew older. But one cold winter morning little Rasmeya sickened and by afternoon she was dead. I washed her little body. We sewed a fresh gar- ment about her. Others dug the grave and we carried her out and buried her.

The women said, 'She was only a girl.' " s. M. Z.

Gods of Wealth and War. By James L. interracial, economic, and sport ques- Stewart. 8vo. 288 pp. $2. Revell, New York. 1931. tions. These issues are approached in a spirit of frankness and determina- Like Dr. Stewart's earlier novels tion. A statistical chart of informathis tale of adventure in modern China tion regarding the Y. M. C. A.

is melodramatic and full of hair- throughout the world closes this vol- breadth escapades. It describes vivid- ume.

ly the scourges that beset China Miracle Lives in China. By Rosalind and phy,sical, human and demoniacal. The Jonathan Goforth. 12mo. 157 pp.

most realistic are the scourges of $1.50. Harper and Brothers. 1931.

locusts and of bandits with the very Dr. and Mrs. Goforth have had un- vivid picture of the trial of innocent usually rich experience as missionaries men before a Chinese court presided in China for the past forty years.

over by a Chinese chief. Dr. Stewart They have passed through many trials describes dark and baneful supersti- and sufferings for Christ and have tions in contrast with the enlightened witnessed many evidences of His wonand helpful influence of Christ. The derful power to change Chinese lives. elements of probability do not seem to The stories of over twenty of these hamper the author but the story moves "Trophies of Grace" are heart stirring along rapidly with sustained interest narratives. The record of facts and to the end. Dr. Stewart knows China the Chinese atmosphere reveals the and the Chinese and his tale reveals difficulties that face Christians in the present-day conflict with commu- China and the power of God to overnism and banditry. A story of love come all 'Obstacles.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1922

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Please mentint THJt MrsS10NARY RltVIlW OF THlt WOR1.D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1922 Page FRO~TISPIECE ………….. CHINESE GRANITE ARCH IN HONOI< OF AMERICANS EDfTORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………….. .

CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN FRIEND- THE CHURCH AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS COOPERATIO~ A1IONG HOME MISSION SHIP FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERE~CE EXECUTIVES 'rIlE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITy ……………… By HARLAN P. BEACH 93 The findings of a social Slll'j'CY of Peking shown by map8, rliotog1'aphs, and rcrorts of investigators.

F011WARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA ………….. By A. A. FULTON 101 Evidences of the progress of Christianity and the Development of the Chinese Christian Ch1lrch as seen in the work of the last twenty-five years in Southern China.

ACHTEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS …… By FRANKLIN J. CLARK 107 A story of the world-wide w01'k of the Protestant EZ,iscol'al Church as con· ducted by the Domestic and Foreign Mis8ionary Society, illustrated with pliotographs of "adous fields and types of W'01"Ic.

THE CAUSE OF CHAKGES IN KOREA …….. By REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS 115 A visitor's impres.'I'ioli of the new del'e/opments in Korea both relig'io"s and political.

THE JAPANESE VIEW OF CHRISTIA::-<ITY TN JAPAN .. By DR. TAKUMA DAN 119 An address delivered at a reccption to Japanese business nlen in New York City.

'l'IIE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM ___ … ' _…. By ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN 20 A part of the great unfinished task of the Christian Ch"rah in America de· scribed by pen and picture as seen by a visitor to the mountain regions of the Southern H,jghlands.

}<'ROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY ……………… By HUBERT G. STACEY 127 The personal story of a stoker in the B"it'ish Navy who was converted in China and later went as a misGionary to soldiers in India.

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Brains and belief often go together- Most Christian people to-day are 110t getthough some would have us believe they do ting their work done in a satisfying way. not. Some of the world's greatest Bible Either they are attempting too much, or scholars are to-day making masterly con- they han not learned how to organize their tributions in defense of "the faith once for time and strength. There are Christian all delivered." The Sunday School Times men and women who are solving this probbrings you the most illuminating lindings of: lem in their own experience, The answers to the question will be gi vell by SIR. WII.LlAM ,VI. RAMSAY. D.O., D.C.L., LL,D., Litt.D., the greatest living archeo- The Busy Christian Mother logical authority in :'ew Testament lields. The Christian Business Man PROFIlSSOR ROBERT DICK VILSOK. Ph.D., Th ~ Busy City PastJr D.O., master of twenty-six languages. The Busy Country Pastor The Crowded Christian College Student PROFESSOR :MIll.YIN CRO'" Kn.TS. D.O., The Christian Girl in Business L1.D.. the Times' .rcheological Editor, just back from a trip through Bible lands. Live Ways of Working THE RB·. W. H. CRIFFITII TnoM.s, 0,0.. Yith its new "Vays of Working" Editor, formerly of Oxford, Eng., who can "deal Hugh Cork, whose experience as an allwith the most subtle difficulties of scien- rOllnd Sunday-school practical man and extific and theological thought, and at the pert is so notable, the Times is prepared to same time present a message fitted to the give its readers the richest program in its understanding and heart of a little child," history for making the local Sunday-school successful. In addition to descriptions of PROFBSSOR A. T. ROBERTSON, Th.M., D.D., successful methods of work in almost every LL.D., a recognized authority the world issue, the following features will appear around on the Creek of the :'ew Testament. from time to time: Archeology's Thrills "QUESTION BOXES FOR SUNDAY·SCHOOL WORKERS)" by Sunday-school experts. Think of digging up, or deciphering, something several thousand years old that WORLD·WIDE SUNDAY·SCHOOL NEWS agrees exactly with the Bible! The arche- OBJECT LESSONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ologists keep on doing this-and draling PARENTS' PROBLEMS drafh-himcs to thc dcnials of the Higher PRIZE CONTESTS ON Critic iSI/l , Professor :YIelvin r;rove Kyle, D.D.. L1.D.. conducts the Times' depart- How I Prepare My Lesson for Teaching ment of ".rcheology and the Bihle" He How I Teach the Lesson in Class went again to Palestine and Egypt in 1921, What Makes a Good County Oonvention 1 gathering the latest news of exploration Wha.t the Convention Did for Onr School without tlte hindering presencc of the lurk. How We Won and Held a Large Attendance His department keeps you posted. Lesson Helps That Help Your Reserve Teaching Material You will find nothing in The Sunday School Times' lesson helps that shakes one's faith in the Bible. There are more than a dozen different treatments of the lesson in Constantly you find the need of informa- written by men and women who know that tion, do you not, when preparing a Sunday- the whole Bible is the Word of God. school lesson for teaching, that is llot given even in the every-week lesson-help in the The simplest way to gai1l all this richness is to 'Use Times or elsewhere' It is to meet this at once the "Get-AcqllaintedH offer b)· which many , need that the Times secures its now famous tl10llsaHds ha't'c come to know The Sunday School "sidelights" on the lessons from the world's Times. This coupon is for ),OIlY con1.'effience. BlIt greatest Bible teachers. On the rich lC)22 don't let the COUpOH limit SOli. Any number of "Get- Old Testament lessons: A(qllai~ltcd" slIbscriptiollS accepted at same rate.

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The lews' Exile, Then and Now For the 25 cents encJo."ed please send The Sun- The Jews' Restoration, Past and Future day School Times for IO weeks to The Meaning of Ezekiel'. Prophecy Xamc Daniel and the Higher Critics The Gr9&t Image and the World To·day The Glory of God's Temples The Walls of Jerusalem Address Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY REVIEW OJ/" 'rHt: VORLD in writing to ;]'flvertisers. Important New IE EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Missionary Books CHAT THE CZECHO-SLOVAKS IN THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION BOARDS At the annual meetJngs of the Home Mis- AMERICA . KENNETH D. MILLER sions Conncil, the Council of Women for Prepared under the direction of the Inter-Church Home Missions, the Foreign Missions Con- World MoYement, and published for the Home ference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions there was evi- Missions Council and the Council of Women dent a very encouraging spirit of friendly for Home Missions cooperation with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Resolutions were adopted This is the first volume of the NEW AMERICANS asking the Home and Foreign Mission Boards to cooperate financially to maintain SERIES of racial groups. It shows in brief outHne the the REVIEW and suggesting ways in which these Boards can help to increase the circusocial, economic and reHgious background of the Czecho- lation and to make the REVIEW a still greater power in promoting the missionary cause. Slovaks. An authoritative, compact handbook for study The Home Missions Council appointed the class ~lse. 12mo. Net $I.OO following members on a special committee to cooperate with the REVIEW: Dr. Charles L. THE BOOK OF MISSIONARY White, of the American Baptist Home Mis- sion Society; Dr. A. W. Anthony, Execu- HEROES BASIL MATHEWS tive Secretary of the Home Missions Coun- cil; Dr_ Ralph Welles Keeler, Director of Author of "THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH" the Bureau of Publicity of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Realistic stories of daring deeds of the great mission~ry Church Extension; and Rev. Wm. S. Beard, Secretary of Promotion of the Congregaheroes, by a master of the art of entertaining and in· tional Home Missionary Society, and Dr. F. C. Stephenson, Young People's Departfluencing the youthful reader. Izmo. Net. $1.50 ment Secretary of the Methodist Church in Canada. JOHN MACKENZIE The Douncil of Women for Home Missions w. DOUGLASS MACKENZIE, D.D., LL.D. voted to use tbree pages per month in the REVIEW for their Home Mission Bulletin and This brief, compact life of the great African missionary appointed as their special committee on the by his son, President Mackenzie of Hartford Theologica1 Editorial Council, Miss Florence E. Quinlin, Seminary, will be a very welcome addition to the list Executive Secretary of the Council of Womof popular missionary biographies. en for Home Missions, and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd of the American Baptist Home Mis- Boards. With portrait frontispiece. I2mo. Net $ .60 sions Society.

A GENTLEMAN IN PRISON The Foreign Missions Conference at its Atlantic City meeting devoted nearly a half TOKICHI ISHII hour to the presentation of the REVIEW and its service to the Foreign Missionary cause. Translated by Caroline Macdonald. With Introduc_ The following members were appointed from tion by Rev. John Kelman, D.D. the Conference and the Federation of Wom- an's Boards of Foreign Missions to repre- The amazing confessions of a Japanese criminal awaiting sent them on the Editorial Council: Rev. Wm. P. Schell, Secretary of the Presbyexecution in prison. A remarkable testimony to the terian Board of Foreign Missions; Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, President of the saving power of the Gospel. Izmo. Net $r.75 Northern Baptist Convention; Rev. Frank- lin J. Clark, Secretary of the Presiding PROBLEMS IN PAN Bishop and Council of the Protestant Epis- copal Church; Rev. Enoch F. Ben, Editorial AMERICANISM Secretary of the American Board; Dr. James C. Joy, Editor of the Christian Advo- SAMUEL GUY INMAN cate and a member of the Board of For- eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Author of "INTERVENTION IN MEXICO," etc. Church; Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Assistant Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board Mr. Inman speaks with the authority gained by long years of Foreign Missions and Rev. L. B. Wolf, of experience and travel in Latin America. Probably this Secretary of the United Lutheran Board of is the first adequate and exhaustive treatment of every Foreign Missions. phase of the relations between the United States and the twenty Latin-American Republics. 12mo. Net $2.00 There is great encouragement in the spirit of cooperation evidenced by these missionary AT YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOK STORE executives and it is hoped that the REVIEW will not only be strengthened financially and GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY that its value will be increased by an im- provement in the quality and diversity of its 244 Madison Avenue New York contents.

PI,ease mention Tu'lt MISSIONARY RltVIJtW OF 'tHJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers. A Long Way To Go The Goal The Combined Budget of the Boards of Foreign Missions for the year end.. ing March 31st, as approved by the Executive Commission, amount to $3,960,000.

The Progress From April 1st, 1921 to January 16th, 1922, the total receipts from living Made donors towards this Budget were only $1,448,026.

From January 16th, to March 31st measures 74 days, within this time the Board must reach its Goal-It must The Distance receive $2,511,974.

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A GRAN1 ' I' E AHCH ERECTED IN CHINA TO CEMEKT FRIEND SH I P WlTH AMERICA (See Duge 87)

FEBRUARY, 1922

XLV TWO CEMENTING CHINESE AMERICAN "FRIENDSHIP A BEAUTIFULLY carved granite arch (see frontispiece) has recently been erected near Chefoo, North East China, by a wealth~' Chinese merchant, Liu Dze Heng, in token of his gratitude for help received from an American Consul and because of his friendship for Americans. Mr. Liu has placed on the arch an inscription which reads: "Dedicated to and erected in honor of the citizens of the United States of America, our friends across the sea. May there be eternal peace between the two peoples. Liu Dze Heng. September 1921." The arch is at the entrance to a school which is now in process of erection and will train Chinese for enlightened service in the interests of better citizenship and world peace.

This is only one of the many bonds that cement China and America. First come the missionaries who for the past one hundred and fifteen years have devoted their lives to the enlightenment and salvation of China. Not only have thousands of Christian men and women given up home and kindred to carry the Gospel to China, but hundreds of them have laid down their lives ill service for the Chinese. Their sacrifice has not been in vain as is shown by the eminent Chinese who have heen trained in Christian schools an~l are now serving their country in the interests of peace and progress. 'rhree members of the Chinese delegation to the ,Yashington Conference are graduates of an American mission school, St. John's Episcopal College, Shanghai. They are Dr. Sao Ke Alfred Sze, Dr. V. K. ,Yellington ICoo, and Dr. C. H. -Waug. The latter is a Christian. Dr. Sze, the Chinese minister to the Fnited States, and a graduate of Cornell University, said recently in regard to Chinese American friendship: "One of the most gratifying phases of our participation in the Conference on Limitation of Armament and Pacific Far Eastern 87

Problems has been the realization that the American people are so wholeheartedly behind the aims and ideals of the Conference. It is this cordial friendship of the American people and their intense desire to promote a peaceful settlement of difficulties between nations that make us optimistic of this Conference as an important milestone on the road to universal peace. China owes much to the people of the United States. The first treaty between the United States and China made more than half century ago was unique among documents of those times in that it pledged the assistance of America to Ohina in case our country should ever need same. It is our hope now that the Oonference, in settling many of the problems of the Pacific, will mark the beginning of a new era in our commercia I relations.

"It is, however, in the realms of education and ethics that China owes most to the American people. The return of the surplus of the American share of the Boxer indemnity has enabled China to use this large fund for the education of her young men and women in the institutions of learning in the United States. On the other hand the educational work conducted in Ohina through direct contact, by the various educational institutions and missionary bodies of America, has been of such great benefit to China that it is beyond mere words fo express. I refer especially to the many institutions of higher educatIon maintained in China by the missionary organizations and to the medical educational work being conducted by the Rockefeller Institute at Peking. These are the elements of Western culture which have given China a real insight into Western civilization and have shown us that 'Western scientific advancement means more than guns and battleships and engines of destruction.

"The churches have done a great deal for China and the Chinese people. Of the three principal delegates sent to the Washington Conference, Dr. Wang, who is a Christian, Dr. Koo and myself have attended St. John's College at Shanghai, an institution maintained and managed by American missionaries. And so personally all of us have a good idea of the influence of the Ohurch in China.

"In the field of international politics, the American Open Door Doctrine has given us hope and protection during our period of transition from an ancient monarchial form of government to that of a modern republic based upon the enlightened consent of our people. The example of the United States will always stand out to us as a shining light in the path of progress."

The next natural step which China must take is to secure internal harmony and unselfish patriotism among officials. The secret of good government is loyalty to Almighty God and the secret of peace and good will among men is acknowledgment of Jesus Christ as the divine Lord and Saviour of men.

1922J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS IN CONFERENCE As WE look back over a period of twenty-eight years we realize the progress that has been made in interdenominational coop- eration and in a united study and solution of missionary problems. When the .first Foreign Missions Oonference was held in New York, some of the officers were personally acquainted with each other but each Board was viewing its task as a unit and its responsibility was more or less disassociated from the work of other evangelical agencies. Today the Foreign Missions Oonference is a council at which the tasks and the problems are studied as a whole, plans are made for cooperative work and an effort is made for effective division of labor. The Oommittee of Reference and Council, with its headquarters and its General Secretary in New York, acts in behalf of all the cooperating Boards of North America and through its subcommittees studies the cultivation of the Home Church, religious work for Anglo-American Communities in foreign ports, the relation of missions and governments, missionary preparation and Christian literature. Statistics are also gathered, a research library is maintained and various conferences are held to deal with the special needs and problems of Latin America, India, Ohina, Moslem Lands, Medical Missions, Agricultural and Industrial Missions and other topics. These conferences and this cooperation have lead to great advance in the occupation of the .field and the improvement of methods such as could not have been attained by individual action. The smaller Boards especially benefit by the experience of larger Boards.

The Foreign Missions Conference in Atlantic Oity (January 11 to 13) brought together representatives of practically all the evangelical Foreign Missions Boards. The general theme discussed was "The National Consciousness of Peoples in Mission Lands and Its Effects in the Development of the Ohurch Today." Ample time was given for a consideration of the subject in all its phases. While there were many minor differences of opinion, the general conviction seemed to be that the time has come when the native leadership in the mission churches must be more adequately recognized. In Japan, Korea, China and India particularly the native Christians are demanding a more decisive voice in Ohurch affairs and are asking that the missionaries either a.ct as advisers on an equal basis or devote themselves to educational, evangelistic and literary work. In some lands, like India, the growing national consciousness seems at times in danger of obscuring the broader Christian consciousness of the people. It was the general conviction that the native Christians should be allowed and encouraged to increase their control of their own churches as fast as they can develop leadership and can assume the responsibility without too great detriment to the work.

Special topics brought up for discussion included the needs of

neglected Haiti and Santo Domingo, the practically untouched 2,000,- 000 nomadic people in Mongolia, the educational needs of equatorial Africa, a more adequate cultivation of the Home Church and the adjustment of missionary salaries and allowances to secure the most effective service. Committees were appointed to consider plans for establishing work in Mongolia, Central Africa and other unoccupied fields and to bring to the attention of the American people the existing conditions in Haiti and Santo Domingo. The President elected for the next annual meeting is Dr.•James Endicott, Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Canada.

During the past year the Committee of Reference and Council has undertaken many important tasks-includiug cooperation in the formation of the International Missionary Council, the survey of Christian literature in Moslem Lands, the publication of "Missionary Ammunition" for pastors; the sending of an educational commission to China; conferences with various governments concerning missions in the Far East and in Mexico; the appointment of suitable men for consular and diplomatic positions, the opium traffic, problems in Portuguese East Africa, and New Guinea; China famine relief and missionary passports.

COOPERATION AMONG HOME MISSION EXECUTIVES F OURTEEN years ago the officers of Protestant Home Mission Boards first met in New York to study ways by which they could . learn from each others experience and could cooperate more effectively to win America to Christ. There was then much denominational rivalry in country towns, on western frontiers and in other home mission fields. This involved waste and sometimes fostered un- Christian jealousy. At the same time large areas aud special classes in America were neglected; there was no agreement as to the best methods by which foreigners and other classes could be reached, and there was practically no cooperative interdenominational work.

Today the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women fOl' Home Missions have headqnarters and Executive Secretaries in New York. Their special committees stndy the special problems connected with work in Alaska, for Indians, in cities, industrial centers and on frontiers, among Mormons, Spanish Americans, Hebrews, Orientals and other foreigners, among Migrant workers, Negro Americans, and in town and country communities. Recently a special department has been formed to study the recruiting of the Home Mission forces. Since these annual conferences were first held the money spent in Home Missions has more than doubled. The total appropriation reported for 1920 by sixty societies amounted to $23,135,601. The work has included many new fields and new methods have been employed to reach the unevangelized and the uneducated.

COlI1vIEN'I'

Preceding the recent New York meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions (January 8 to 11) a special conference was held to discuss Christian work among Negroes in the United States. Able addresses were given by both white and Negro leaders dealing with education, the Negro church and community, recruiting and training the Negro ministry, and interracial and interdenominational good will and cooperation.

The two Councils, of men and women, at their annual meeting held both joint and separate sessions to discuss the reports of the various committees. As a result of recommendations, a special com- mittee was appointed to investigate the need for religious literature for the blind, another to study the question of the standardization of Home Missionary salaries; and the enlargement of the work of the recruiting committee was advocated; group and national conferences on Indian work were approved; the Councils voted for cooperation with the REVIEW in maintainence and in its efforts to promote the work of Home Missions; another committee was appointed to co- operate with similar committees of the Foreign Missions Conference to study North American responsibility in Haiti and Santo Domingo.

Among the most interesting and noteworthy reports was that on Alaska, where an effort is heing made to divide the territory among denominational agencies so as to provide more adequately for its evangelization without waste or overlapping of effort. During thc past year plans have been made by the United States Government to unify and centralize the political responsibility and plans are under way also for the unification of religious responsibility. Interdenom- inational conferenccs are to be held in Alaska next year for this pur- pose. .

The Committee on Comity and Cooperation, through whose efforts such a notable survey was made in ~folltana, report that similar sur- veys should be made in other states but that the necessary funds are 1lOt available. There are lllany fields in which there should be read- jUFltments, some denominations withdrawing and others expanding.

This is 11articularly true in the work among Orientals in California.

The Roman Catholic Church is evidencing the benefits of unification in San Francisco while Protestants exhibit the disadvantage of small forces and scattered centers of work. Missions to American Indians show the great benefit of a thorough study and a positive program.

New fields have been entered and in old centers the work has been strengthened. Religious work directors have been placed in some non-reservation schools but many Indians are still beyond the reach of the Gospel.

Progress has been made in caring for the New Americans, es- pecially in providing foreign-language literature for them; with the cooperation of the new immigration commissioner, Mr. Todd, reli- g-ious services are being provided at Ellis Island. The" General

Oommittee on Immigrant Aid" is composed of representatives of thirty-two religious and social organizations. More than 3,750,000 Hebrews live in North America, only one-tenth of whom are in touch with synagogues. This people of God's ancient covenant are almost entirely neglected by Ohristians. Evidently there are still large and difficult tasks ahead of the Church before America can claim to be Ohristian.

THE OHUROH-AND NATIONAL PROBLEMS A N increased spirit of cooperation was evidenced in the meet- ing of the Executives of the Federal Council of Ohurches in Chicago last December. The aggressive activities and the useful publications of the various committees of the Oouncil in connection with the war, religious reconstruction in Europe, relations with Ohina and Japan, the Orientals in America, industrial justice, unemployment and disarmament have won the approval and cooperation of many churches and individuals.

At the recent conference the discussion related largely to questions of world brotherhood and cooperation among the nations in which the churches are realizing their responsibility and oppor- (unities as never before.

The" General Declaration" took for granted that the Ohurch, while it cannot define in detail the political methods and institutions by which war shall be ended, yet has a duty to state clearly the moral principles that underlie all international relationships and to insist that lawmakers, diplomats and all who represent government shall see that these relationships are founded upon Ohristian ethics. The nations must go further than the mere abolishing of battleships and land armaments. They must remove the causes of war and recognize as governing principle the teachings of Ohrist.

The Oouncil urged that each student body establish a committee on international justice and good-will for cooperation with the ~"'ederal Council; that the city church federations establish similar commissions for federation; that theological schools and seminaries be urged by their denominational authorities to provide adequate courses for their students in international problems and recommends that these schools open special courses for laymen wherein these problems may be elucidated and training for service along international lines be given.

These are all important subjects on which Ohristians as such and as citizens naturally have convictions and responsibility. IVe may not shirk our obligations but in giving large attention to these problems we must not neglect the chief work of the church for the spiritual salvation and training of men in spiritual life and service.

ONJ1 U~' PJ1KING'S SMELLS-PART OF THE "SEWER SYSTEM" OF

CITY. THE NIGHT SOIL OF THE CITY IS COLLECTED IN WHEELBARROWS.

TAKEN OUTSIDE THE CITY WALL AND DRlED FOR FERTILIZER The Secrets of a Chinese City* Revealed by the Social Survey of Peking "DREVIEWED BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEWHAVEN, CONN. EDicATED to the missionaries whose work has made this study possible" is a novel note for a scientific survey of a famous city of the Orient. The presence of a scholarly sociological specialist in every part of Peking for months; snapping his graflex upon all phases of its social and even political life ; interviewing every variety of its cosmopolitan inhabitants; rallying to his assistan0e not only the oldest and most experienced missionaries, but officials of the new-old capital as well; calling in the services of Chrif:'- .tian church members who carried on an intensive social survey in the very heart of the ancient city; going out into the churches of the same capital to report results as the survey began to assume form, and surprising the residents with facts and arguments based upon it; arousing in Christian and non-Christian groups of young men and women of the student class a desire to undertake many things to amelliorate conditions-this is what the present writer saw going on for months in 1919. Now that practical young Christian, Sidney D. Gamble and his fellow-worker, John Stewart Burgess of the Peking Young Men '8 Christian Association, have given the world a multitude of facts derived from their survey. Even the casual reader can- *Pbotographic plates are taken by permission from Peking a SociaL Survey} by Sidney D. Gamble, assisted by .Jobn Stewart Burgess. Published by George H. Doran Co., New York. $5.00.

93

THE MISSIONARY nEVIEW OJ!' 'rIm WORLD

AMERICAH MISSION {F •C a III tP METHODIST MISSiON Pa •P o •P P C MISSIONARY WORK A Norm~1 School K – Kindergarten ® – North China Union Women's College B – Bible Training School • – Bible Women's Training &hool L – language School v – Commercial School c – Compound . , Middle School w – Med;cal College • – Cliapel I) – Girl" Middle School e – Women's Medical College * -o – American Bible Society N – Nurses' Traininj School I – C.toolic College British and Foreign Bible Society ~ – Nurses' Training School (Female) Y – Blind School E – catholic Seminary z – Union Church F – Dispensary 0- Orphanage G – Catholic Press t- Church M – Hospital I – Old Men's Home '1'- C.lholiC Church P – Primary School v- Y.M.C.A, * – Women's Hospital D – Girls' Primary School Q – Catholic Convent 0- Y,W.C.A. 1 – Chinese Independent Church R – International Reform Bureau J – Kindergarten Training School S – Salvation Army x – Theological Seminary (Catholic) c. – English Methodist T – Women's Christian Temperance Union u – Pekine: University t – Catholic Chapel cl – Independent c~ – AssembliiJS of God c, Seventh Day Adventist Cr Enellsh Baptl~t .,.. – Russian Greek Church (gl- Theological Seminary (Protestant), 'V – Student Y.M.C.A. • Student Y.w.C.A,

'fHE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY 9

..*.. * * * .. * B x .. Ire * x X·B * •x o •ox XB ., x 0 *.,x x .*• x ,x•, x *x ., .8.. BoX. X X• xX x• … ,* • •0 • – An -169 TEMPLES .. – Kuan -29 * – Mosque -24 • – Miao -358 B – Buddhist Reform Society -33 x – Ssu -296 A-Tang and Tzu -76 NOTE: Mosques and Reform Society Headquarters all shown, but only about one third of other places of worship not fail to be interested and the professional sociologist and missionary student secretary who wishes to know the particular social needs of an Oriental city is placed under special obligation by "Pekinga Social Survey" the first adequate volume of this sort dealing with a Far-Eastern capital.

A map of Peking', in six slightly differing outlines, superimposed one upon another, shows the growth of the city from the earliest capital of Ch'i, established in 1121 B. C. and destroyed in 221 B. C., down through four other slight shiftings of location, up to the present-day Peking, founded by a Ming Emperor in 1368 A. D. Antiquity surely is here, and the chapter 0]1 the city's history is most interesting. The chapter describing the capital's environment and life is of absorbing interest. Half-tones show the mule litter-a box slung between

two mules-and one of Peking's 4,198 springless, indestructible carts. There is no picture of any of its 17,000 rickshaws, nor of its 700 automobiles, to show the modern substitutes for these ancient vehicles. The half-tones of students haranguing street audiences and their arrest in consequence allures one to read about the stormy student strike of 1919 against certain governmental acts. The dulness of statistics of popUlation is relieved by learning that the average population per square mile within the city walls is 33,626, while in Cincinnati it is 8,260 and in Boston it is 15,600. Look upon the Massachusetts city from the capitol on Beacon Hill and, except for the Commons and Public Gardens, one sees only a mass of buildings ranging from three or four stories to the multitudinous sky-scrapers. In Peking from the tower of the Presbyterian High School one may look out upon nearly twenty-five square miles of flat land occupied by its 932,557 inhabitants and see scarcely anything except one-story buildings embosomed in a vast forest of trees. If the eye could reach the southern section of the Chinese city, as contrasted with the northern, which used to be given up to the Manchus, it would rest upon farms and gardens near the ancient parks containing the Altar of Heaven and the Altar of Agriculture, with a population of from 6,000 to 12,000. Within a mile or two to the north, there is a stretch of buildings between the Chinese and Tartar cities which house from 72,000 to 83,800 people per square mile. This is the district where most of the business-including houses of ill-fame-is concentrated. Though the density of population is far greater there than' in cities of the same size in America, the average number of persons per house in Peking is only 4.9 as compared with Philadelphia's 5.2 and Boston's 9.1. Incidentally we learn that among the foreigners resident in the capital, Japan leads other nations with 595, while America stands next with 281 and the British follow with 230.

The chapter on health is of value, though not strictly required for a social study. The health conditions of Peking today, as compared with a generation ago, are almost unbelievably improved. What was the "dirtiest city in the world" has become a city outwardly as clean as most in America and vastly better than Naples and Some other European cities before the War. One statement which has always been surprising to the better informed reader, namely, that China with its unequalled population has only one insane asylum (established by Dr. Kerr in Canton), is shown not to be true, for a second asylum is referred to as having been established in Peking in 1912, and more permanently housed in 1918. The introduction of better sewerage, of a purer water supply, of a regulated scavenger system under the Fertilizer Guild, of street cleaning and watering, and of hospital service, has been crowned by the imposing Rockefeller

THE SECRETS OF A CHINESE CITY

Foundation China Medical Board's plant, costing over $7,000,000. These improvements account for the improved health of the city.

Education in Peking has grown by leaps and bounds during recent years, until now 48,000 young men and boys are studying there, besides 7,000 female students. "When it is remembered that modern education did not really begin in China until 1905, the building of this new educational system stands out as one of the great educational STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS, JUNE 4 AND 5, 1919. PART OF A NATION- WIDE MOVEMENT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT AND THE SHANTUNG AWARD achievements of history, particularly as the country has been so disturbed with revolution and political turmoil." One of t1.e queftionable movements in education has its fountain in Peking. The Renaissance Movement, starting there in 1919, aimed "to save the nation through science and democracy, with the objectives of destroying the harmful features of the old family, economic and political system and then build up a new society." Most of these are laudable features, but unfortunately the necessary intellectual equipment for this task is believed to be found in mastering the writings of European and American democratic or socialistic leaders, many of whom are decidedly agnostic or anti-Christian.

Work and play in Peking are fully discussed as is the city's commerciallife. The guild of the old regime is gradually giving way to the modern chamber of commerce and business men will find the chapter on this subject most interesting reading, just as the traveler finds a fascination in visiting the vast expanse of the Tung An Shih Ch'ang, where shops housed under one roof sell all manner of curious goods. The iniquitous octroi system of taxation, which prevents the entrance of raw materials, has so crippled Peking manufactures

that most of such work is done in port cities where there is greater freedom of trade.

The" Recreation" chapter is unique almost in China, where the proverbial expression, "Climbing a tree to hunt for fish" suggests the impossibility of finding time for amusement in the ordinary busy life. Another axiom, "No work is two fairies," is expressive of the double joy that would come should leisure actually fall to one's lot. Yet this chapter is suggestive of an Oriental" Coney Island" transported to Peking with theaters, movies, story-telling, temple market festivals, horse racing, bird fiying, card and table games, and a superlative felicity·of restaurants. We also see the change from the old days when the proverb ran, "The fifth and sixth moons,-time for taking a bath," since now we have the" amusement" of bath houses all the year around. There are also pool and billiards, recreation centers, modern athletics, and other forms of amusement which prove that no longer does "All work and no play make Jack (Chinaman) a dull boy." The wonderful Central Park is a great center of this strange new life, and the glaring electric White Way between the Tartar and Chinese city is the lure of nights.

The social evil in Peking is saddening. In the old days, open prostitution was never in evidence in the city but the new civilization, introduced with the founding of the Republic in 1912, has brought the brothel and its gay lights before the public. Of Peking's population 63.5 per cent are male and with no home life to hold them in check, the sudden wave of license is explainable, though most lamentable. Happily in rural China, as a foreign trained Chinese doctor says, "The moral standards of the Chinese regarding sex have been very high. Conditions in the distant country districts to-day are much the same as they were 5,000 years ago … " But the statement of another Chinese official needs to be added, when discussing city conditions: "First-class public women are not considered as under social condemnation, but are given the honorable designation of 'teacher.' Very few wives are against the practice to the point of strenuous objection. Some wives even entertain the better class of prostitutes … To patronize a high class public house, or to be able to purchase a famous girl for a concubine is a mark of distinction in Peking." One of the pathetic aspects of the case is the fact that students away from home, or those coming from families in the city where sisters and mothers are illiterate, often go to the brothel only for the purpose of conversing with the better educated inmates. A prostitute who is a brilliant conversationalist is often the center of a group of such students as they chat together for hours.

This chapter also shows the other side of the shield, the efforts made to combat the evil by the "Door of Hope" and by Mr. Frank

1922J THE SECRE'l'S OF A CHINESE CITY

Yung T 'ao's "Social Reform Association," whose membership rose to 17,000 within four years.

Poverty in Peking is cared for by philanthropy to an increasing degree; the old beggary, when on a cold night many would freeze to death on the streets, is being aided by soup kitchens and one full meal a day. There are also orphanages where boys are taug'ht trades, and an industrial home where girls learn embroidery and other arts.

Reform schools, poorhouses, old propJe's homes, and charity work- shops are ·other forms of philan- thropy. Mrs. Wickes' study of her " Nearest Neighbors in Pe- king," is very, very informing.

Prisons, which used to be called "hells" are now being made more attractive than our own, judging from the half-tone opposite page 311, with a public hall where ethi- cal teachings are imparted to the inmates, as well as industrial work preparing the men for a useful life after their discharge.

The city's model prison, the first of thirty-uine in China, teaches carpentry, weaving, typesetting, printing and bookbinding, shoe- making, masonry, metal, leather and bamboo work to classes of from twenty-five to forty men WHICH GIRLF'f;~Ul!Ps ~~Fk'~KE TO HAVE dea1'lc'Ihg,epnta y nbde i0nbgedgi'lvenent all twh ehopral.Sr e- A man is examining the inmates' pictures out- a to side the Door of Hope.

on rules.

The" Church Survey" puts to shame surveys made by the Amer- ican Church, and may well serve as a model for such work. The chap- ter on religious work reports 936 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist temples, monasteries and ancestral halls, and sets forth in bewilder- ing variety the efforts of Mohammedans, Roman and Greek Catholic, and Protestant agencies to transform the community. This is sum- marized as follows: "'l'he effect of Christianity in introducing new social and moral ideals is apparent. The present eagerness for a better government, for a higher place for women, for a more adequate moral code, is partially the result of the Christian movement in China; while the present intellectual awakening is certainly indirectly the outcome of the many years of persistent teaching of new ideas by the missionary body . .. .Religion in action, especially, will arrest the attention and gain the acceptance of vigorous young China. Christianity can be demonstrated through the home, the school, the factory, the hospital permeated with the Christian spirit. The planning and organizing of a definite and

constructive social program around each Christian Church will also truly express the inner spirit of the Christian gospel which seeks to develop not" only the individual and the church, but primarily and essentially to transform the structure of society itself into a new social order-the Kingdom of God."

SLAVE GIRLS OF PEKING RESCUE HOME, RUN BY THE POLICE Naturally such conclusions lead to a final chapter upon the "Peking Community Service Group," an outgrowth of the survey. It is equally natural that Mr. Gamble, to whom all mission workers are deeply indebted for this volume, is planning to return to Peking to devote his ' talents and his Christian life to carrying on a task which he has here set forth.

The sociological specialist will revel in the appendices which fill nearly 120 pages with many and varied tables and other forms of information gathered in the course of the survey. This missionary classic ranks with Dr. Dennis's" Christian Missions and Social Progress," though it is far more specialized and scientific than that great work.

COLLEGE STUDENTS GOING TO

MEMBERS OF THE UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE IN CANTON STARTING OUT TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING 'I'OWNS Forward Movements in South China BY REV. A. A. FULTON, D.D., CANTON, CHINA Missionary of the P resbyterian Church iu U. S. A.

W HEN Robert Morrison stepped on shore at Canton in 1807 he confronted the despotism of the" Great Pure Dynasty." A little band of foreign merchants were restricted to close, hot, unsanitary quarters in old Bean Street. The narrow quarters had a frontage on the dirty river, where in the evenings the foreign community crowded to the shore to get some relief from stilling heat. Access to the high officials was possible only by "petition" through underlings and inseparable "Kumshaws" to open the way to the lofty dispensers of favors. Propagation of the Gospel was taboo, and even instruction in the Chinese language was to a foreigner a dangerous undertaking.

Had Robert Morrison returned in December, 1920, he would have thoug'ht that the millennium was near. In Canton he would have seen, in a cQnspicuous part of the city, a large mat shed structure, with capacity to seat 4,000 hearers. Services were being held there morning and evening. At eleven o'clock 3,000 women were present, and in the evening the entire building was crowded. Preaching was by Chinese Christian pastors and evangelists. In the audience were men from all classes, including high officials. Scholars and merchants sat in same seats with working men. Requests were made that no one 101

leave the building until the close of the service. Great quiet prevailed. During the ten days of meetings more than 100,000 persons were in attendance, including about 30,000 women, and at the close of the services 2,290 had signed cards saying they had decided for Christ. In addition 1,000 were organized into classes for Bible study. Thousands of dollars were contributed by Chinese to meet the cost of the structure and for incidental expenses. The foreign workers aided only indirectly by their presence and advice in cooperation with Chinese pastors and evangelists.

The old walls that shut Morrison out from the city are now leveled to the ground. When I reached China forty years ago, there were no railroads, no steam launches in Canton, no electric lights, very few hospitals, and scarcely a college worthy of the name. More than ten miles of narrow, dark streets have been widened with an average width of 100 feet, where hundreds of automobiles may be seen. Railroads and airplanes are in evidence and hundreds of steamboats and launches fly up and down the river and to distant ports. Along the bund, fronting the river, are some of the finest department stores, employing hundreds of clerks, one of the buildings costing a million dollars, and would cost two millions of dollars if erected in U. S. A. This is a new China.

I confine my statements to the work in the province of Kwangtung', of which Canton is the capital. I saw the beginning of the Canton Christian ColIeg'e which today is one of the greatest forces in China for the demolition of ignorance, and for the building up of new forces of knowledge and power. I saw this plant when it was located in a small Chinese house, and had only two teachers and twenty-five students. The college moved to Macao, and after four years returned to Canton where a small site had been obtained near the citv. In the immediate vicinity were innumerable gTaves, and great diffi~ulty was met in trying to induce the owners to part with their land. By use of much tact and patience the campus was increased to one hundred and thirty acres, and today the value of the land and buildings is onehalf a million dollars, U. S. currency. The staff has grown from two teachers to fifty-one Chinese and thirty Americans, and the student body numbers more than 700. The budget of current expenses has risen to $200,000 annually. One of the prominent professors is Mr. Chung Wing Kwong, who was converted about twenty-five years ago. Re was a second honor student and an eminent member of the literary class. Through his influence the Chinese have contributed $100,- 000 to the college. Many students from Canton Christian College are now in the United States at different universities. The College is under strong Christian influence, and the larger proportion of the students are open believers in the truths of the Gospel.

The forward movement has been accelerated by the work of

FORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

medical missions. The largest medical college for women in China is located at Canton. This institution began in a small room with two or three pupils, and was founded by Dr. Mary H. Fulton. In 1880 there was one hospital in the city, and accommodations for women and children were restricted to one small ward, and to this ward came only women of the poorest classes. Unspeakable suffering was the lot of thousands of women who were helpless in the hands of ignorant and superstitious midwives. Dr. Fulton began with a few young women who ventured to enter a medical class. Visits to the homes of the higher classes gave relief from suffering, and profoundly impressed the patients with the superior knowledge and ability of the physicians from America. Applications to enter the medical class continued, and through the generosity of Mr. E. A. K. Hackett funds were supplied to erect a suitable college building. A training school for nurses was then started. To accommodate the large numbers applying for relief new buildings were erected, including a women's hospital, a new laboratory, and a large dispensary. Today the Hackett Medical College for Women is one of the best known institutions in China. More than 100 young women have been graduated, and are located in different cities, in three different provinces. A plant worth $150,000 provides excellent facilitie~ for all students. This college is to be made equal to any in the United States, and has the united support of the Women's Boards of our Church. The graduates have raised $23,000, part of the sum that will go into the erection of a suitable dormitory to accommodate the increasing number of students. The College is in charge of Dr. Martha Hackett, assisted by a staff of graduates from universities in the United States.

Educational development is a further stimulus to the forward movement. Thirty years ago it was necessary to provide support for pupils entering our few schools. Today the majority of our schools are self-supporting', and no school is wholly supported by foreign funds. The finest school of its kind in the province began with one teacher and about a dozen young girls. Today the True Light Seminary sheds its rays over a vast area. The students number nearly 200, and include a large proportion of young women from wealthy and intellectual classes. The buildings and equipment are of high order, and a new dormitory has just been completed to provide quarters for the increasing number of students. When I came to China a decent young woman might not be seen on the streets without a chaperon. Today thousands of young girls may be seen on their way to school, and no man would dare to insult one of them. The total number of students in the Protestant schools of the province is about 30,000.

The forward movement in China is very notably in evidence when we consider the progress made in union work. At the John R.

Mott meetings it was decided that an effort should be made to organize union theological colleges. Representatives from seven different Missions conferred, a constitution was formed, and each Mission entering the Union provided one instructor. Today in Oanton is the largest Union Oollege in the world, considered from the standpoint of denominational representation. The Societies represented are the Presbyterian Board, New Zealand Presbyterian Mission, the Oanadian Presbyterian Mission, the United Brethren Mission, the Oongregational Mission, the London Mission, the Wesleyan Mission, and the Church of England Mission. The first building was erected by Mrs. Oyrus McOormick, of Ohicago. The site of the College is a most advantageous one, close to the suburbs of the city. Recently a fine dormitory has been added and residences for some members of the faculty. Additional buildings will be erected as rapidly as possible to accommodate students and to provide needed equipment. Among members of the staff are a few very able Ohinese instructors, and others preparing in the United States will be secured at the earliest possible day. In this Union Theological Oollege the great fundamentals of faith are clearly set forth, and through this great agency will go forth hundreds of carefully trained preachers and evangelists to supply the rapidly increasing number of churches in the chief centers of the Province.

The forward movement receives strong emphasis in the organic union of the Presbyterian, Congregational, United Brethren, London Mission, and Swedish Mission Churches to form a branch of the United Ohurch in China. Other societies will, no doubt, soon come into this Union. The denominational distinctions which have been so long maintained in other lands have not only no significance with the Chinese but rather serve to confuse their minds as to the great fundamentals of faith. Hereafter churches and preaching halls will not bear denominational names, but will be designated as Ohurches of Christ in China. The forms of church government will be modeled largely after the Presbyterian order, but with a different nomenclature. By this union all danger of overlapping will be avoided. Great gains in economy and efficiency will result. Gradually the leadership in all forms of church activities is passing from foreign to Chiuese control, which has been the aim of missionaries for many years. Responsibility develops leadership, and with Chinese as leaders we shall receive larger contributions to all forms of work. The Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Canton is Mr. Leung Shiu Cho, with three foreign secretaries to assist him. The National Secretary for Ohina is Mr. David Z. T. Yui. The Principal of the large Middle School at Canton is Mr. Kwaan Yan Oho, aided by several American teachers. Just as fast as possible missionaries must pass over to Chinese control churches, schools, hospitals, and all heavy reponsibility for the

1922J }'ORWARD MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH CHINA

evangelization of these hundreds of millions. This does not mean that the missionaries will seek to evade duty. They will be needed for many decades to help secure funds, and to labor in closest relation with Chinese leaders as councilors and co-laborers in evangelistic, educational and medical departments.

Most of our self-supporting churches have been founded by the Chinese who have had full control in raising funds. Recently in Canton a church was dedicated that cost nearly $40,000, in addition to the cost of site. The funds were raised entirely by Chinese. Another site was secured and a church built which today is worth $50,000. Last year a church costing $6,000 was built by one man in a market town and ten miles distant another church costing $4,000 was built. Some years ago a lot was purchased in a market .town, and today on that property is a church worth $7,000 and a girls' school is supported with three teachers and seventy-five pupils. In San Ning City, the Chinese have had for years a strong self-supporting church, and the value of the plant, including school for boys and girls is $25,000. Not far from this is an- ! ~~Yt8l~1GB~.f'TTf; ii}flN:::CTiffI~J~ other plant, including site, church PAID FOR ATl'~mC~~N0J'Efl;000 WITHOUT and schools, worth $40,000. All of them have been founded and are supported by Chinese funds. When I first went to San Ning the only evidence of Christianity was a small, dirty shop, used as a meeting place for a dozen Christians. It is unreasonable to expect Chinese to contribute large sums of money, and place these sums in the hands of foreigners if-they have no voice in the use of these funds.

The dominant aim of all these Missions is to reach, not only large centers, but the thousands of villages in the Province. Three-fourths of China's hundreds of millions live in villages. Missionaries alone cannot directly reach these millions. The great work must be done by trained Chinese helpers. Vve can support ten of these workers more cheaply than one missionary, and they will do twenty times the work that one missionary can do in direct evangelistic effort. The great function of the missionary is to seek out and prepare bright young men for this work. Qualified evangelists are now set apart to engage in the specific and definite evangelization of the villages. In one Mission, in the past two years, 1,500 villages were reached and more than 100,000 persons heard the Gospel message. Monthly re-

ports indicate the number and names of villages reached, with additional information as to tracts distributed and number of persons reached.

The forward movement includes the plan to open preaching halls in the market towns and chief ·centers of trade. Hundreds of markets are found in this Province, and to these markets the hundreds of thousands of villagers come every five days to buy and sell. The chapel in the market is the light for the surrounding villages. Within a radius of three or four miles from the market may be found 40 or 50 or 100 villages, all depending on the size of the market. "On market days the chapel is crowded with hearers. On other days the preacher visits the villages, and these visits are continued throughout the year. Through the agency of these chapels in market towns, the villages wil1 be reached directly, and gradually every prominent village will have its church and school, provided for by Ohinese funds. We can now go into thousands of villages and meet with encouragement and find willing hearers.

Lastly, the most profound significance of a forward movement is Ohina's very deep friendship for America. That missionaries have had a very great influence in bringing about this great asset is not a debatable question. They have opened the hospitals, started schools, and founded asylums for the lepers and the insane and the blind. They have distributed tens of thousands of books and tracts in defense of sanitary measures. They have been distributing agents in famine regions, and have supplied physicians to plague-stricken provinces. A very large proportion of the finest equipped colleges, hospitals and schools in Ohina were established with American money. The gifts of millions of gold sent to help famine sufferers increases Ohina's sense of obligation; and they will not forget it.

The religion of Ohina is idolatry, pure and simple, and Ohina spends more than one hundred million dollars yearly in idolatrous worship. How speedily that money will go into schools, churches and hospitals will depend on what use we make of our unique opportunity. Idolatry can not stand before the aggressive power of the Gospel. A great Ohinese scholar declared that his nation's most bitter need is good men; and good men, in the most comprehensive sense, are not found apart from Ohristian civilization. The old empire had in it the elements of stability, but none of progress. The great Republic of China lies wide open, and we are invited to take the leadership ill making that Republic, by our gifts of men and money, one of the most influential of the great World Powers.

PROTESTAI:T EPTSCOPAL CATHEDRAL TN MANTLA, P

Achievements of One H undred Years 'l'he Centennial of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America BY HEV. ]'RA.N'KLIN J, CLAnK, B.D" NEW YORK Secretary of the Presilling Bishop and Council and Secretary of the Committee on Arrangements for the Centennial O NE hundred years ago the Episcopal Church in the United States began to realize the necessity for organization if it were in any way to fulfill the reason for its existence, At the General Convention held in Philadelphia in 1820 a Society called "The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society in the United States for Foreig'n and Domestic Missions" was organized, The constitution was, however, found to be defective, and a special General Convention was called for the following year-1821-to remedy this defect. This afforded an opportunity for those more interested in domestic than foreign missions to bring about a change in title of the Society, and it was re-organized under the present name. This Society is the sixth oldest in the United States, being antedated by the Moravian, which was organized in 1745, but almost contemporaneous with the four other societies which began during the years between 107

1802 and 1818 when the new Republic was asserting itself as a Nation. It is perhaps the oldest organization, except the Moravian, which at its inception united the idea of work both at home and in foreign fields.

The creation of this society used up practically all the missionary spirit in the Church. Membership was based on the payment of dues and as it was entirely voluntary, diocesan needs easily took preced- ence over this new interest. The only ones really filled with mis- sionary zeal were the few who vol- 'IlIDtChl'OO for service. One man, the Rev. Joseph R. Andrus, went to Liberia with the American Col- onization Society, but died of fever a few months afterwards. The Rev. J. J. Robertson and the Rev.' and Mrs. John R. Hill started the ,valuable schools at Athens, Greece. Four missionaries went to the IVest and South, one to Michigan Territory, one to Wisconsin Terri- tory, one to Missouri Territory, and one to the newly acquired Florida Territory. These were the lonely heroes of that day; the Church sent them out and then al- most forgot them.

Not until 1835 was any real progress made. At the General Convention in Philadelphia in that year three important steps were taken. In the first place it was de- clared that the Church itself was the missionary society; but every member of the Church, by virtue of BISHOP SING-FIRST CHINESE BISHOP his baptism, automatically became a member of that society. It was recognized, in the second place, that a definite organization was necessary to carry out the wishes of the society, and a Board of Mis- sions was organized. The third important step was the consecration of the first missionary bishop, Jackson Kemper, who was sent to the great Northwest Territory to help the pioneers build up a Christian civilization.

In 1871 the Church took another important step by bringing to- gether under one head as an Auxiliary to the Board of Missions the

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

many women's societies which had been doing missionary work independent of any central organization. This Woman's Auxiliary has been one of the most effective aids the Church has had. In addition to the gifts which the women made each year in mouey and material, the Auxiliary decided in 1889 that it would make a further gift to be collected during the three years preceding each triellnial General Oonvention and to be presented as a united thank-offering. The first offering was presented at the General Oonvention in 1889 and amounted to $2,000. That presented at the General Oonvention in 1919 amounted to $467,000. This united offering is used for the support of women missionaries at home and abroad. In addition to its gifts of money, which have totalled over fourteen millions of dollars, CHINESE BOY SCOUTS AT ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, SHANGHAI it has saved hundreds of parishes and dozens of dioceses from the· deadening blight of self-centered prayer, thought and work. It has introduced and popularized the missionary meeting, the mission study class and the Ohurch Summer Oonference, and many missionaries have come from its ranks.

In 1877 the children of the Ohurch began definite cooperation with the Board of Missions. In that year Mr. J ohnMarston, who was superintendent of a small school in St. John's Church, Lower Merion, Philadelphia, asked his children to save their offeringsduring Lent and send the money to the Board of Missions. This first offering amounted to $200. The next Lent the whole Diocese of Pennsylvania adopted the plan and $7,000 was given. Today the children of the Ohurch from all over the world collect their Lenten offerings

THE ?,US8IO:AItY HETEW OF TITE WOULD ll'cbruury

IN SOUTH DAKOTA-AN I~DIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION in mite-boxes provided for that purpose, and these gifts have increased to nearly $250,000. In the past forty-one years they have totalled over $4,000,000.

At the last General Convention in 1919 all of the general missionary, religious educational and social serv~e work of the Church was brought under one organization, known as "The Presiding Bishop and Council." This has developed six departments, covering Missions, Religious Education, Social Service, Publicity, Finance and the Nation-'W"ide Campaign. The last named Department was organized because of the action of the same General Convention in extending to the Whole Chureh the Missionary Campaign whieh had been held with great success in many parts of the country in single parishes, whole eities, and in several cases simultaneously in an entire diocese. This is not primarily a financial campaign, but one of education and of spiritualization. A financial objective was placed before the Church which, though not fully met in the two years that have elapsed, did result in 1920 in an offering for general work 117 per cent larger than that for the year 1919. The National Council was enabled to finance all of the departmental enterprises without incurring debt and released over a quarter of a million of dollars for the cancellation of old debts. The Council was also able to underwrite the entire budget of the Continental Domestic Missionary Bishops, releasing them from the arduous work of soliciting "specials" for the support of their work.

Not only did the general work of the Church benefit by this campaign, but it is estimated that the dioceses received for missionary work within their borders an increase of at least two million dollars over the previous year. It is also estimated that parochial incomes benefited by an increase of at least three and one-half million dollars. Undoubtedly a part of this larger parochial income was used to increase the salaries of the clergy, for the Church Pension Fund reports

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

that clergy salaries for 1920 showed an increase of Ii million dollars over 1919. Perhaps one of the most important results of the campaign was bringing about a national consciousness which was absent or inarticulate before.

In the foreign work it is also possible to record some measure of advance. In two of the mission fields the three objectives of all missionary work have been in a large measure realized; viz, selfg'overnment, self-propagation and self-support. In China there is a self-governing Church composed of the dioceses of the Anglican Communion, being' the Church of England, the Church in Canada, and the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. This Chinese Ohurch has its own Board of Missions supporting its own missionaries and has a native Chinese Bishop. The same is true in Japan where the Anglican Communion is organized as a self-governing Church with its own Board of Missions. 'rhere are many selfsupporting parishes in both these countries, but as yet no Japanese bishops. It is probable however, that within three years a diocese will be created, led by a Japanese bishop.

It is impossible to record in detail the accomplishments in the mission fields. Any record of work in China and Japan would be incomplete, without reference to St. John's University and St. Mary's School in Shanghai, and Boone University and Ohurch General Hospital in vVuckang and St. James Hospital in Au King, and St. Paul's Oollege and St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo. The value of St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo was recognized by the Japanese Emperor who gave $25,000 to aid in building a new and greater hospital. A gtoup of Japanese public men also gave an additional $55,000.

Forty years ago a lad of ten was brought by his Mohammedan IN AI.ASKA-THE BISHOP PREACHING TO INDIANS AT A FISH CAMP

RAW MATERIAL IN AFRICA- BOYS AT BENDER, WEST AFRICA father to St. John's School in Cape Mount, Liberia, on the west coast of Africa. In June of 1921 he was consecrated Bishop-Suffragan of the District of Liberia, in the Church of the Incarnation in New York City. He is now one of the "thirty native clergy trained in the Church's schools and ministering to the needs of their own people.

In America the devotion and statesmanship of men like Bishops Whipple, Hare, Gilbert, Morrison, Biller, B.urleson and Remington SERVICE IN THE CHAPEL OF ST" AUGUSTINE"S INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, NORTH CAROLINA I'ROTESTANT EPISCOPAL WORK AMONG COLORED- RACES .

1922J AOHIEVEMENTS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

IN JAPAN-NURSES AND STAFF, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, TOKYO have won thousands of Indians to the Christian faith. Many work~ ers, clerical and lay, have come from the more than one hundred Indian congregations in which are enrolled fully 12,000 baptized members. In negro schools in the South, such as St. Paul's Normal and Industrial School iu Lawrenceville, Va., St. Augustine's in Raleigh, N. C., over 2,000 young men and women are being trained in ways that will make them self-respecting and self-supporting citizens. In more than thirty-five schools of all grades the children of the Southern Highlanders are developing into better citizens. A newly organized division for work among foreign-born Americans has already shown results from its careful study of this problem. In Alaska the Church is ministering to all the three races found there.

FOREIGNERS IN AMERICA-A CHOIR OF CZECHO-SLOVAK BOYS IN WESTFIELD, MASS.

February

Out into the Island world tho Church has followed the Nation's Flag. In Hawaii, where East and ,Vest mingle as perhaps nowhere else, in cathedral and in modest chapels, in social settlements and in schools, she is bearing her witness to the fact that men of different races can live in brotherly good-will, while retaining their racial allegiance. In the Philippines, especially among the primitive tribes, the Church is supplementing, as only Christian teaching can, the successful civilizing work of the United States Government. In the New World Indnstrial School in Porto Rico thc Church helps to fit young men for the duties of life. In Mexico and South America the Church is also bearing her witness in such institutions as the Southern Cross School in Brazil.

Looking back over the achievements of the century, it is not difficult to see how the work at home and abroad might have been strengthened and advanced if the Church had taken advantage of the many opportuniti('s which were being constantly offeI'€,d, but we are devoutly thankful for the progress made and for having a share in 'the eyung('lization of the world.

PROTESTANT EPIS~OPAL MISSIONARY STATISTICS FOR 1920 00 0" ; ~ 0- 00 ~ :§ "u"" "$ ;~: !'l ""0 "'5" j'J ~ ~<: 0 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ·"c ~" ~ .~ ..d 0 ~ i .0 "a .'"~ ~" U "r/l ~ "aa~ z" .-,:;;l 0 U Africa (Lih~ri") ….. : 10 150 47 21 II 46 1 2,721 109 I 190 China ……………. 178 738 131 5 6,769 Japan …………… 63 381 141 91 "I 67 3 4,816 22 1,754 Rl'Uzii ……. 6 17 56 8 17 2,005 Cuba ……….. "… 19 39 41 16 …… 2 24 Haiti ……. 73 35 15 1,143 Mexico… .. 3I 29 I I 24 22 4 1. 995 Alaska …. 29 10 34 I 8I 19 I2 ' 900 30 I 50 I Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I 10 I 19 13 13 2 1,394 20 I ]6 !…….. i 1,972 Honolulu … 16 I…… ~~~~m~i~o …… : ~.I ~…Ij.". ……..~…I….~.;.~.~~. In the Unite!l States.. 1[; II'" . .. 10.1 …… .. ! . . . . . 19 · 1· ···· · 635 .. .. ···1······ .. I — I — – i — – – -1 — I 1,071 I ] ,525 I 'I- — ! – — 28,121 541 I 15 I 385 I 380 I I I ! I I The expenditures of the Department of ~1issions for 1920 amounted to $2,611,661.

Cause of Changes in

BY REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS, D.D.

PROFESSOR FREDERICK STARR, of the University of Chi- cago, in an interview published ill the" J a.pan Advertiser" last May, said that he had been tremendously Impressed by the fact that for the first time, Koreans have seemed awake to their oppor- , tunities. He did not attribute this to the rule of Japan, as most trav- ele1"s do, hut confessed that the cause of the change was beyond him to fathom. Professor Starr has been visiting Korea almost yearly since 1912 and is a trained observer. His comments, there- fore, are of more than ordinary in- terest.

It is nearly ten years since my last visit to this country and the same changes astonish me. There are still "devil trees," covered with hits of paper containing pray- ers, and piled around with stones, in mute petition for protection from unknown evils. The itiner- ating missionary still follows close upon the sorceress, but there are manifest a new spirit, a new hope and a new desire for self-determi- nation in more than government among this people. Old things arc passing away, new things are ap- pearing. If we look further than did Professor Starr for an expla- nation, we shall find it where the KIM IK DOO PREACHING IN KOREA Thessalonians found theirs when Christianity made its first appear- ance among them 2,000 years ago: "Those that tUrn the world upside down have come hitller also."

When Pastor Kil, of the great Central Presbyterian Church at Pyeng Yang, returned last year from a two years' imprisonment, he confessed that he needed reconstruction before he could enter again upon his work. Old time sermons, long and filled with doctrinal dis- cussions, would not now satisfy his people. '1'hey demand teaching 115

THE 1vII8SlO:-ARY REVIEW OJ<' THE WOlU~D

that fits into the present-day needs. They ask for better music in all the services; for social intercourse among men and women; for more education and better teaching. Curtains that used to separate men from women in the churches have largely disappeared; seats have been introduced, and the little, squatty, thatched huts that formerly served for churches in the country districts, are being replaced by good church buildings, comfortable and attractive.

A recent Sunday spent in Seoul, a city of nearly 300,000 inhabitants, almost made me feel that I was in America. The six or seven churches which I visited, of the twenty or more in the city, were well filled, some of them with congregations of 500 or more.

The Japanese Government still hampers Christian work in many ways. Fifteen of the thirty-two signers of the so-called "Declaration of Independence," which was in reality only a petition to the J apan- ese Government, are still in jail. Scarcely a day passes but some influential pastor or church officer is haled off to prison simply on suspicion that he may be working against the Government. Red tape abounds and hinders the'missionary on every hand.

Nevertheless the missionaries generally speak well of Japanese officials. Governor-General Sato, the governors of the several provinces, and most of the high officials seem friendly to missionaries and desirous of doing the right thing. But somewhere along the line there is a miscarriage. The power of control breaks connection, and persecution follows. Usually the blame is laid at the door of the Chief of Police, for when a disturbance breaks out, he is called to account. If he denies the story of the missionary or the Korean Christian, as he always does, his superior officer has nothing to do but to accept his report. Should the evidence of maltreatment be too convincing, the Chief is given a mild reprimand or a vacation from office for a few days. The Japanese military party is the cause of the trouble in Korea as that party is in control in'Japan.

When the Japanese Government, six years ago, issued an edict that all Bible teaching and religious instruction must be given up in Korean schools within a period of ten years, many Christians and missionaries became panic-stricken, and conformed to the decree, but others believed that the Japanese Government, if given time, might be persuaded to reverse its policy in this matter as it has nearly always done in other cases. They therefore kept on teaching the Bible and giving religious instruction. They were right for the restrictions have been removed. Now the schools that "conformed" are in a predicament. Many of these, notably the Chosen Christian College, desire to get back their former liberties but encounter difficulties. Under the present plan the college, by consent of the Government, is devoting the thirty minutes morning recess period to Bible instruction and the classes are attended by a large proportion of the stu-

1922J THE CLAUSE OF CHANGES IN KOREA

A FEW OF THE ElGin THOUSAND KOREANS WHO ATTENDED EVANGELIST KIM'S MEETINGS IN SONG DO

dents. It is felt, however, that the Christian purpose in founding the college is not fully met in this way, so that the college authorities are endeavoring to have its charter changed.

The Japanese Government offers special inducements to those schools that do not teach the Bible or religion. Graduates of "con- forming" schools are favored by exemption from some examinations for the universities; one hundred dollars is to be given to each "con- forming" school for the purpose of sending its teachers to Japan on educational excursions and other advantages are offered. The South- ern Methodist school at Songdo, a "conforming" school, received $600 for its library. In Japan the Educational Department of the Government made a rule that private universities shall allow only graduates of "conforming" schools to take entrance examinations.

Some remarkable revival meetings were held in Seoul last winter by the Rev. Kim Ik Tu, Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly of Korea. Much attention was given to faith healing, probably due, in part, to the visit of James Moore Hickson to the Orient. Whether or not any remarkable cures were wrought may be questioned. But the sunrise prayer-meetings, wher.e 600 people gathered for an hour in the intense cold, and the crowded evening services, where 6,000 people filled every inch of space in building and grounds to listen to the simple Gospel from a plain man, were immensely impressive. Rings, watches, ornaments of every kind, and money gifts as larg·e as $400, testified to the benefits received.

Church attendance has increased in Korea twenty-five per cent during the past year. All schools are crowded, so that dormitorie:,; intended for fifty are occupied by one hundred. Tuition fees have been increased; still there is a large waiting list.

In Korea there is a wide-open door. The hearts of this hospitable and kindly people are more than ever receptive to the Gospel, with its inspiring and uplifting message of faith, hope and love.

A Japanese View of Christianity in Japan BY DR. TAKUMA DAN o:E' TOKYO From an adelress delivered at a reception to the delegation of Japanese business men arranged by the Foreign Missions Conference in New York, December 8, 1921 I N ONE of the loftiest passages of your New Testament it is writ- ten, "Greater love hath no man than this that a man give his life for his friends." For generations your Protestant missionaries have been giving· their lives for the benefit of their grateful friends in Japan. By this I mean a giving of life in the highest sense: namely, by the dedication of themselves to uplift and ennoble the lives of others. No group of men or women in all the world have exceeded

1922J THE SOUTHERN :MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

your missionaries in this. On behalf of all my countrymen I am pro- foundly grateful for this opportunity to acknowledge all that your honorable body of missionaries has done in the past and to entreat that this great work shall continue.

Even before Japan, at the insistent invitation of America, joined the great family of nations which comprised ,Yestern civilization, a devoted group of devout and earnest Protestant missionaries were al- ready at work there. It is important to recall that this work was religious in a very true sense and in the highest degree. Their work was dedicated and adapted to the land to which they came, and to the amelioration and betterment of the conditions which they found. But their work was not confined to what we understand by religion alone. It was evangelical, but it was also educational and medical. In this they have been enormously successful. The medical work done by the missionaries in the past in the important field of sanitation and in teaching thc care of the body as well as the enlightenmerit of the soul, has been beyond all praise. On the educational side your missionary schools have an honorable name in my country, which to acknowledge is to praise.

You have studied with open mind the peCUliarities of Japanese psychology and character with which you have to deal. Sinking all thought of self, you have adapted your teachings to conditions with which you have to deal. The seeds of the Gospel which you have sown have fallen, therefore, upon fertile soil. Nay! you may count on a harvest one hundredfold. The teaching of broad Christianity embraces all sorts and conditions of men. It embraces the rich as well as the poor. It seeks the cooperation of the layman as well as the trained theologian. It embraces not Japan alone but all the varied and diverse people of the Far East. This, then, is my hope-that cooperation with others should be your watch-word. Advise freely with the people and officials of government, whenever the government is reliable and stable, to further the welfare of the people. None know better than Americans that patriotic harmony is a part of all true religious teaching, and the cooperation of my government as well as of all intelligent people, will attend and assist your effort toward the uplifting of our people towards higher ideals and actions.

As a layman, not of the Christian faith, perhaps I cannot pass judgment; but will you permit me in conclusion to offer my sincere congratulations on the progress already made in the founding and establishment of a Japanese self-supporting Protestant Church in Japan. How far off the time may be when the Christian Church in Japan shall no longer be dependent on Americans for help I cannot undertake to say, but I can promise you the continued earnest and helpful cooperation of all the enlightened part of my countr?m(,ll.

CENTER OF' MOUNTAIN L lIcE – A COMMUNITY STORE IN THE SOUTHERN

The Southern Mountain Problem A Study of the Efforts to Solve a Great Unfinished Task BY REV. ROBERT S. WIGHTMAN, MAYWOOD, N, J .

W HEN the Church first confronted the task of enlightening the people in the great mountainous section of the East, preach- ers were sent into the hills to persuade people to clean up, set their houses in order, stop making moonshine and begin a work of <.lonstruction that would produce a condition of prosperity. In the Southern Mountains, however, the people generally had the idea that "preachin' that makes ye git right up and holler-that's religion." This kind of emotionalism has a tremendous hold in the Appalachians and many seem to think that it matters little how a man lives so long as he shouts in meeting and repeats his religious experience year after year at annual evangelistic services.

Religion among the Mountaineers is not of the practical order that will bring about any decided change for the better in a man's conduct. It is therefore necessary to do more than preach to the Mountaineers and today the Church is not only sending to these mountain regions preachers, but is adding to this evangelism other 120

THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

influences that are equally necessary and without which preaching is ineffective, namely, practical instruction in the fundamental principles of daily life. Christian women have therefore been sent into the coves to establish model homes, to administer common remedies in cases of illness, and to draw tactfully about them groups of young and old for wholesome influence. Educated Christian women render invaluable assistance to those in trouble and their neatly kept homes radiate an influence all through the valley. Silently and beautifully they are doing their work but still the problem is not fully solved.

Believing that the secret of prosperity in any country is the home; and the secret of a good home is a good mother; therefore, the Mission Boards undertook to supply the mountains with schools in which to educate Christian womanhood. The mountain workers back in the settlements along the creeks and forks have been watchful for bright, promising children and encourage their parents to send them to the Mission schools. Their own district schools being shamefully inadequate, the children have gone to these Church schools and under their transforming influence many have been changed from timid, backward illiterates to wide-awake, cultured youth, able to meet any situation in the mountains and out in the Blue Glrass coun- ~~ .

But even these schools have not fully solved the problem. A number of the students go back to their homes to teach school, or to live quietly lives that really help, yet many never return to their moun- tain homes, but use the school as a stepping stone to city life. Others who return home, being overwhelmed by their old environment, be- come backward mountaineers again. I saw one such girl stirring a caldron before the door of her old cabin home, whose bare legs and uncombed hair indicated that she was just as she used to be before she went away to school.

The Mission Board schools are not a failure, far from it, they are indispensable, but they need to be supplemented. While all of these various forms of Ohristian work have been noble ministering agencies of God the Ohurch's great task has only been begun.

If the people of the Southern Mountains are to be reclaimed morally, spiritually, socially, intellectually, economically; if the fam- ilies up the creeks and forks and branches are to know how to live, how to keep well, how to bring up children; if they are to emerge from the eighteenth century and live abreast of the twentieth, in the highest Ohristian sense, then there must be some more adequate work established for them in their very midst. They cannot be educated by leading their finest young men and women out of the mountains.

That impoverishes the highlands still more. We cannot transform one or two thousand people in a valley by sending one highly educated woman there to do settlement work.

The method which the Church Boards have most recently adopted to meet the needs of these mountain districts is to establish Com- munity Centers.

The natural gathering places in the mountains should be utilized for the distribution of every kind of helpful influence. 'l'he place where the community store and the mill are situated receives con- stant visits from many people who live back up the creeks and forks. Naturally the church is here, so that it is also the religious center.

Accepting this as a starting point, the Church is supplying mell of God, men of sound Christian faith, men of intelligence, men of exemplary life, to develop the Community Center idea. These seem to us very commonplace characteristics but are full of significance to those who have met the ordinary mountain preacher, have listened to the display of his ignorance and have heard him glory in the fact that he can neither read nor write and possesses no "book larnin" so that his information must come directly from God. The Community Center is to provide sane, practical preaching of the Gospel by men of strong Christian character, thus making it the place of real religious instruction and inspiration.

Naturally here also is the school, and the Community Center program calls for better schools and better teachers than mountain children have had in the past. Some of their school buildings are the crudest kind of ill-kept rooms without even a teacher's desk.

Many of the teachers have not even been graduated from the grammar schools. Some Mountaineers think that their teachers need have no more education than they desire for their children, so that a child who is expected to discontinue its education with the fourth grade primary need have no better teacher than one who has finished that same primary grade. ",Vhy pay for an expensive teacher when a cheap one, much more readily found, will do 1 The Community Centers should have fully equipped teachers in charge of well equipped schools, so that they will become centers of real education. If this is accomplished the mountains ere long will be filled with young men and women who have actually learned something, and these peopJe's entire plane of thought and action will be truly raised.

These isolated regions also greatly need medical institutions of some kind, with information not only as to the treatment of prevalent diseases, but also concerning their prevention. In some mountain regions they are still using the primitive remedies prescribed before the Revolutionary War. The people know nothing about germs and the necessity of sanitation has never occurred to them.

The natural gathering place of the community should be the place where a capable physician can be found, where sensible remedies are prescribed, where kindly nurses can be secured, and where clinics arc

THE SOU'l'HERN MOUN'l'AIN PROBLEM

held. Thus the physical ailments of innumerable folks suffering in silence and in ignorance of their actual condition may be analysed, treatment given and good health restored.

But this is not all; the new method of establishing' these centerl'l seeks also to create a wholesome social atmosphere. Mountain young people have virtually no provision made whereby youths and maidens may mingle in a natural, wholesome way. Even the churches in some places keep the sexes separated, with the men on one side and the women on the other. Early marriage-so common an occurrence among thc Hig'hlullders-is the outcome of social starvation; it A TRANSITJON~OM OLD LOG HOUSES TO NEW FRAME COTTAGES offers about the only social diversion. If there were the proper outlet for wholesome social fellowship, these early marriages would not be so common.

The Community plans call for a program of social activities, and with someone at the head who knows how to organize these young people into athletic groups and clubs and societies for the entertainment not only of themselves but of the entire community. 1'his will help to turn the minds of an otherwise stolidly morbid people into a live, enthusiastic population who can think away from themselves and their temptations to things that produce robust Christian character.

There is still another sphere which must be included if prosperity is to abide in any measure-the sphere of crops and farming. Thus

the plan calls for an Agricultural Center. The mountain inhabitants should have the opportunity of seeing a modern fann well run with proper rotation of crops, the land tilled with modern implements, and such methods used as will bring far larger returns than ever be- fore. They should have the privilege of securing information from someone well instructed along these lines.

This then, is what is meant by the Community Center :-A Reli- 'gious Center, an Educational Center, a Social Center, a Health Cen- ter, and an Agricultural Center all in one. It is a sort of "People's University" for folks of the mountains, presided over by a faculty of six or eight Christian workers intent upon teaching these isolated people the fundamentals of present day life. Here lies a part of the unfinished task of the Church.

One preacher in the South gave up a $2,500 position, in what is regarded as the finest town in the highlands of Tennessee, in order that he might accept a $700 position as evangelist in the mountains. He conducts two weeks of special meetings in seven different appointments every year, requiring about ten weeks away from home, and living in a primitive way that would be physically impossible for many men.

During the time of my visit he was enlarging his house that he might use the new part for social activities in a diversion-starved community, that after school hours was swarming with children who had nothing to do and no place to go for wholesome recreation. This young man is sacrificing the privacy of his home, and paying for the enlargement of his premises that he may bring a little more into the lives of these youth. Earnest and consecrated as he is, however, and successful as he may be, he can reach these folks only in a religious sense and that is not enough for all-round development.

Back in the mountains of Norih Carolina there is a hospital beautifully equipped where hundreds of sick are brought and surgical cases, too severe to be carried over the fords to the railways and thence to distant cities, are successfully treated. Two physicians, true men of God, respond not only to the calls for them by day and night, but they sometimes trudge afoot, sometimes on muleback for miles, until utterly weary, and attend to the work in the dispensary as well. Although that hospital may perform ever so wonderful a service, it can transform those mountains only in a physiological sense, and that is not enough.

In numerous places in the mountains certain specific things are being done for the Highlanders j here is a school, there a hospital j here lessons are given in basket weaving, there in some other industry, but each branch only partially solves the problem while other essentials are neglected. The Community Center idea includes the supplying of human need on every side. I know of no Community

'l'HE SOU'l'HERN MOUNTAIN PROBLEM

A MISSIONARY PASTOR IN THE MOUNTAINS VISITING HTS PARISHIONERS Center which as yet has undertaken all of the spheres of activity, but those who have adopted the plan have been wonderfully successful so far as they have gone.

Here is an illustration: About four years ago the Woman's Board of the Presbyterian Church sent a young woman into a cove in the Kentucky mountains. For lack of lumber, people were making caskets for the dead from boards drawn from the roofs of their homes. This young woman bought a portable saw mill, cut lumber for her own buildings and then sold the saw mill to the community. As a result a great transformation from log to frame houses is being made all about that region. Moreover the cove ha·s come to be the lumber center for miles around.

The Mission Board sent other associates to work with this young woman. They built one of four school buildings for pupils from the fifth grade primary up, and the county, recognizing the Community Center plan, not only built a graded school for children of the first through the fourth grades, but made one of the young women superintendent of fourteen schools in the n,eighboring mountain districts.

The Board then built a dispensary and sent out a trained nurse, to care for the sick. Clinics are held and instruction is given which reaches far and wide. They organized a Sunday-school at the Center where many children and young people are taught every week; a

'l'HE MISSTO)JARY KEVIBW 01<' T}H; WORLD

Christian Endeavor Society and a mid-week prayer-meeting follow and give strength for daily duties. Social life was dlJveloped by athletics, such as baseball and basket ball, and people came from far and near, both to take part in the contests and to witness the games. On national holidays·able speakers are brought from distant cities to address the assembled multitudes with messages such as these simple folk had never heard before. As one result a man over forty years of age left his work and went to a city several hundred miles distant to take a three months' Bible course in order that he might become a more proficient teacher of life's great basic truths.

In these few years the attention of the mountaineers in this part of Kentucky was peculiarly drawn to this cove as an all-round Community Center. There is little need now for these people to go out of the mountains for anything except a college training. Every influence is at work to make them what they ought to be. The Community Center actually solves the problem. The young people, after visiting other places, say that they take more enjoyment out of their particular community than they do anywhere else.

No one of the features that make up a Community Center program can of themselves fulfil our Christian duty to the Southern Mountaineers. They need help from every angle and they must rcceive that help by our taking things they need to the people in their environment ratherthan by taking the young people out of their home surroundings. Whole sections must be enlightened and purified with the Gospel of Christ so that faith and knowledge, health and daily work and play may be made wholesome and may prosper. This is giving Christ to a people in need.

A very successful worker in Kentucky, with all the fire of a soul under the power of the discovery of a uew truth, declares that the Christian Community Center is the only way of successfully transforming the mountains. She adds the stimulating claim that "if given the opportunity the mountaineers, with a little guidance, can run their own Community Centers." She asserts that such Centers in every county" would solve the problem of the Southern Highlands in one generation."

If there is even a fair chance that this is true, then let the facts be known. Let the Church open her e~'es to the great unfinished task of transforming the Southern Mountains and undertake in a larger, more permanent way the saving of thE) mountaineers. Monuments to mistaken methods and abandoned undertakings in the form of deserted buildings, are scattered through many coves. The time has come to concentrate our efforts for the mountaineers on the development of Centers of light and power from which new life may flow out into all the homes of the Highlands. It is time for the Church to lay a firm hold upon this task and to hring it to completion.

A GROI;P OF CHRISTIAN SAILORS ( Mr. Stacey in the Cente r

From Stoker to Missionary The personal story of a stoker in the British Navy who was converted in China, and later went as a missionary to soldie'rs in India BY HUBERT G. STACEY, LATE m' KARACHI, INDIA A BOUT the middle of the year 1900 I was cruising around Aus- tralia and New Zealand waters in "Her Majesty's Ship Mo- . hawk" as a stoker in the British Royal Navy. News reached us that the Boxer Rebellion had broken out and the Mohawk, with t.wo other ships from Australia, was ordered to China. None of us were feeling any too pleased at the change of stations, the Australian station being a great favor ite in the British Navy. I had the unac- countably bitter feeling against all Chinamen, which almost every per- son has who is not a Christian, and who does not know China and the Chinese.

After an interesting and speedy voyage we reached China and took our part in putting down the Boxer uprising and when peace . 127

was proclaimed in December, 1900, I was informed that I must finish· the remainder of my commission on the China Station. Being determined to "make the best of a bad job" and wanting to see as much of the country as possible while there, I volunteered for special service on the Upper Reaches of the River Yang tse kiang.

While stationed at Chungking, in Szechuan Province, Western China, awaiting the rise of water that would enable us to proceed further up the river, I was brought to the foot of the Cross of Christ by a missionary lady of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in that place. The same missionary was the means of converting the young lady who afterwards became my wife.

From the day of my conversion I loved China and the Chinese, and I prayed that I might become a missionary in that great field. I worked amongst my shipmates and studied that I might be more fitted for such a work when God should call me. I was appointed for the remainder of my service in the navy as Secretary of the Royal Naval Christian Union.

At the expiration of my commission, no call to mission work had come, and I joined the British Army. There I found it was possible to attend school and was later appointed a Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association and of the Royal Army Temperance Association. Every opportunity offered to speak for the Master was gladly accepted in order that I might become fluent of speech for Him should He call me to larger service in China.

After some months in Ireland and then in Gibraltar I sailed in 1907 for India. I had continued my studies and had gained the hjghest army award for education, but still no missionary call came.

While in Mallapuram in South India I was appointed Acting Army Schoolmaster, in spite of the fact that I had had no teacher's training, and for twelve months I labored in the school teaching children from four years of age to fourteen, and soldiers from eighteen years of age to forty-five. The Army School Inspector asked me if I would care to go through a schoolmaster's course that was about to start in Bangalore. I told the inspector that my desire was to prepare myself for God's work in China and thought that if I took the course I would be compelled to remain in the army. The inspector then explained to me that these courses were not given to keep men in the army but to fit them for civilian life. I therefore took the conrse.

My class in the schoolmaster's course, mustered from various regiments all over India and Burma, was twenty-two strong. The first day that I met with the men I felt a sense of intense loneliness, for I did not find one Christian man among them. I went apart and prayed for a companion, and on that day two of these men were converted! My joy and thankfulness can be imagined. During the six months' course most of our evenings were spent at the Y. M. C. A. Army Branch where we were often asked to assist in the Gospel

FROM STOKER TO MISSIONARY

Meetings and Lectures, although we three men were severely criticised by the remainder of the class on the ground that we were neglecting private studies. The final examination gave the three Christian men first, second and third places on the list.

On my return to my regiment, I was assigned the position of Anny Schoolmaster, and within a few weeks received my certificate from army headquarters in London. In the same mail there came to me a letter from the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Madras, offering me the position of Army Secretary in that city. This was in 1909. For almost ten years I had been praying daily that I might .

CONVALESCENT MEN OF THE ROYAL WEST KENT REGIMENT, lvIHOW. INDIA (Mr. Stacey holds child in front) be called to China if it was God's will and this call was from India, from a city and a secretary whom I did not know. As I re-read the letter I saw the need of a worker for the soldiers of that city, and took the letter to the colonel of my regiment, who was District Secretary of the Soldiers' Christian Association. I asked him to read the letter as a brother Christian, not as my colonel, and give me his advice. A week went by and I heard nothing from him, but I continued to pray that I might go to China, unless God wanted me for India. The following week an orderly told me that the colonel wanted to see me at his bungalow. After we had prayed together he told me that he had not forgotten me, but that he did not want me to leave the regiment. He pointed out that he could have nothing to do with getting my dis-

'1'1IE ::UHR10:.HY HEVrEW UP TIn, WOULD

charge, as that had to go through the General Officer commanding the division. He explained that it would be necessary for me to apply for my discharge by purchase and that I must lay down twenty pounds. He was certain that the application would be refused as I had been in the country too short a time to warrant purchasing my discharge. He said, however, that if this apparently insurmountable obstacle were removed he would be sure that it was God's will for me to accept the call.

The General Officer Commanding returned my application for discharge with the words "Not sufficient service in India" written across it; but in red ink was added: "If you can give any very good reason why you should be granted a discharge it will be reconsid- ('red." The Y. M. C. A. Secretary had said in his letter that Madras had a splendidly equipped Army Branch, but no available man to take charge of the work for the nearly one thousand men stationed there. 1 pinned this letter to the application and again sent it to headquarters. By 10 a. m. the following morning I was on my way to Madras to take up the work of Army Secretary in the Y. M. C. A. !

About two months after this a missionary of the China Inland Mission came to Madras on his way to the Edinburgh Conference and asked me if I would be willing to go to China with him on his return. It was a great temptation but after much prayer I felt that God had placed me in India for a definite purpose and that I must prove myself worthy.

My work extended to European civilians and Anglo-Indians who are considered Christian by the Indians and therefore constitute both a danger and a possibility. After a short time in Madras I came to America and eventually returned with my wife in 1913 as General ,,ySecretary of a Y. M. C. A. Branch in North India. During the Great ar more than half my work was again among!1t the soldiers, both Indian and British. The desire to go to China is not gone, but we are convin~ed that India is our field.

CHARLES SPURGEON ON PREACHING "I have heard of ministers who can preach a sermon without mentioning the name of Jesus from beginning to end.

"If you ever hear a sermon of that kind mind that you never hear another from that man. If a baker once made me a loaf of bread without any flour in it, I would take good care that he shonld never do so again; and I say the same of a man who can preach a Christless gospel. Let those go and hear him who do not value their immortal souls; but your soul and mine are too precious to be placed at the mercy of such a preacher."

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND, VA.

A MISSIONARY READING PROGRAM FOR A CHURCH "Show me what a man reads ancI I will show you what manner of man he is." 'Ne might go further and say, "Show me what girls and boys read and I will show YOll what JUamler of women and men they are going to be."

Robert E. Speer thus traces the apostolic slIccession of missionary influence: "In 1746 the Society of Promoting Ohristian Knowledge, iu Ediuburgh, pnb· lished the journal of David Brainerd. He died the next year at the age of thirty·one. Re was no genius, orator, scholar or discoverer. Is there any influence stronger than his ~ His journal inspired Cm'ey and helped to shape his course. Martyn read it at Cambridge, and it made him a missionary. Murray ]{cCheyne read it, and was I moulded by it. 'The Memoirs of David Brainerd and Henry Martyn gave me par· ticular pleasure,' wrote young John Wilson in 1824. 'Try to get hold of the life of John Wilson, the great Scotch missionary of India,' Tote Keith Falconer in 1878. Let any missionary or "'orkm', conscious that his power has departed from him, or that he needs more, turn to this old-time record of a life of utter devotion amI prayer. "

Let any church or Sunday·school conscion8 that it needs more missionary interest and enthusiaSlll plan to ei:rl"u1ate Dlissionary literature.

BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING that is world-wide in its out-reach as "Too late," said the great violinist when a mother holds her own newto the would-be pupil, "your fingers born babe in her arms. Following are stiff now. You '11 never be more the prayer are stories of little folks than an average player. You should around the world, prepared in a simhave begun to take lessons when you ple form to be read by motllers to litwere a child." tle children. Any church that neg- lects to furnish materials of mission- "Too late," said the language ary education to the mothers of little teacher, "you may learn to make your children is missing an opportunity wants knownin a foreign tongue but that never comes again. "The School to bc a real linguist you should have begun when you were young." of Mother's Knee "* gives excellent So we begin too late in much of our suggestions along this line. missionary education work. An effective missionary reading program *"The School of Mother's Knee," by Margaret should begin with the smallest chil- T. Applegarth, published by the Women'.

American Baptist Foreign Mission SOCiety, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City, price $1.50. For sale at any Mission Board Headquarters.

dren. LIBRARY OPPORTUNITIES One of the Mission Boards, which is planning a thorough and comprehen- The Church Library-One of the sive missionary literature program, most important offices in any church has issued as its first step a "Prayer is that of librarian. To put into a for Mothers," attractively printed on church or Sunday-school library the a card to be sent to the baby's mother. books that should be there and then to There is never such a time of oppor- send those books out into the hands of tunity for developing a mother-love the people who need them, is a task 131

worthy of the highest ability. The boy who would be spellbound with missionary feature of the church library should not be overlooked. A "Livingstone, the Pathfinder," will committee composed of one representative from each missionary organiza- not come back for a second book if his tion of the church and one from each lepartment of the Sunday-school may first is "Meditations upon Death." prepare lists of books. One reason why the libraries are so little used is The following circulation pointers because the books are unsuited to the needs and tastes of different ages and have been gathered from successful limany of them are out of date. New books should be added at least once a brarians: – year. There is a decided advantage in even more frequent additions. 1. Announce new books by attrac- There are many possibilities for be- tive posters, displayed in different deginning or enlarging libraries. partments of the Sunday-school and 1. A sum for this purpose may be appropriated from the church treas- at the meetings of the various organiury. zations. For the Young People's So- 2. Various organizations may make an appropriation for it. ciety a picture of a bride and of an 3. "Book Week" may be advertised arrow piercing two hearts, and below by a poster displayed in the vestibule. Beside it should be hung a list of the the words books desired by the committee, with the price printed after each book, and "Are Missiouaries human' a suggestion that interested donors "Get 'Love Stories of Great Mis· place the price of the book they will sionaries' from the library and see." present in one of the envelopes on the table beneath the poster, write name A picture of a lion may be followed of donor and of the book on the en- by "Read 'LIVINGSTONE, THE PATHvelope, and drop into the coin box, at FINDER' and see how they met in Afthe same time checking the book off the list.. A committee may call atten- rica. " tion to this list of books or circulate "UNDER MANY FLAGS" may be adit personally. Never have an uninstructed donation day for your li- vertised by a poster showing tiny flags brary. Many libraries have died from of many lands with pictures of varian overdose of undesirable, unread- ous missionaries underneath, while able volumes unloaded on them by above all is the Christian flag and at people who think any well bound book the bottom, "Get it from the Liis suitable for a Sunday-school li- brary." brary. "Stay-at-Home-Journeys" may be 4. Often one or more individuals recommended by two children with a will make a gift to found or to main- story book in the center and a margin tain the library. of trains, ships, airplanes, bicycles, 5. Various organizations in the etc. church may make annual appropria- 2. Occasionally tell some. incident tions for the addition of new books, after the library is in running order. or read a striking quotation from a book in a way that will be appetizing. CIRCULATION METHODS 3. Call the attention of the leaders To begin with, some one must know of various meetings, and those who the books and know the people. The are to speak or prepare papers, to books that contain helpful material.

4. Arrange reading contests giving lists of books to different organizations or departments. Many district or state organizations have a silver lov- ing cup which is awarded each year to the department or society reporting the largest number of books read.

5. "I always count a broken arm a perfectly grand missionary opportun- ity, " said one wide-awake librarian. , 'Shortly after the surgeon departs, I arrive with a thrilling missionary book. The boy is well enough to read but there are so few other things that

BEST METHODS

he can do, he keeps me busy taking department store, so that mothers back the books he has finished and could leave their children there to bringi.ng him new ones." read the books while they shopped. It 6. "I have a 'First Aid Corps' on might easily be possible for stores or my library staff consisting of six tea rooms in smaller communities or bright girls and boys who hold them- rural sections to grant similar privi- selves ready to go and read aloud to leges.

some of our older members or to the sick or shut in. I have ready a splen- CITY LIBRARIES. Bear in mind that did assortment of missionary stories city libraries serve their constituency.

of varying lengths. Some have been A request from a representative com- cut out of magazines and mounted, mittee for the addition of new mis- others are leaflets which I have pasted sionary books will always receive at- on cardboard sheets for safe keeping tention. Every Interdenominational and still others are books. The pastor Missionary Union should have a Li- occasionally announces that any mem- brary Committee to see that every li- bers who would like to have some one brary opportunity is utilized to the read to them, may report to the li- highest point of possibility. * .. * brarian. Often people report the names of friends or acquaintances THE SCHOOL OR COLLEGE LIBRARY.

they think would enjoy the reading. A high school teacher in a Wyoming We have interested many people in city interested the Women's Club in this way." furnishing good biographies and other 7. "I occasionally copy for teachers books of vocational guidance for his in various departments a striking in- School Library. He consulted with cident from some book and ask them missionary advisors among others, to quote it in their classes. " with the result that $50 was invested .. * '* in Stories of Missionary Heroism. A Summer School of Missionary A READ-WHILE-YOU-WAIT-LIBRARY Methods was held in a Church college.

"Meet me at the Book Shelf in Mc- Some one proposed that each delegate Creery's at twelve," said one shopper should present a missionary volume to to another. "She'll be late," she the college library. It is a thing we added to herself as she went out, "but are apt to overlook-this missionary I don't care if she is. I've been want- shelf in our school libraries-and yet ing to look over the new books any it is an open gateway to large influ- way." ence. Every denomination should Thanks to the enterprise of a few study carefully the missionary library far seeing missionary leaders the situation in its schools and colleges.

Book Shelf in McCreery's was not Student secretaries should see that the filled with the latest fiction, or with libraries of the state universities and the year's" best sellers, " but with the colleges are kept abreast of the mis- latest missionary books. sionary times, and City Missionary The City Missionary Federation ar- Unions or Federations should make ranged with the management of the the most of the opportunity of high store to place a shelf of the new mis- school libraries.

sionary books and some of the most valuable old ones in a cozy corner of ALso ORPHAN HOMES. What are the writing room. It soon became a the children in our Orphans' Homes favorite meeting place and resting reading' It is amazing how many place for the missionary women of the people regard a church institution for city. children as a sort of literary dumping Another Federation had a shelf of ground for books that are simply missionary story books for children refuse from private libraries. A box arranged in an attractive corner of a was received not long ago by a church

institution with this explanation. they do not even know there is a mis- "Our church has recently decided to sionary magazine they settle deeper clean up its Sunday-school Library and deeper into the rut into which no and throw out all undesirable books. such magazine ever comes.

Weare, therefore, sending you a large In addition to the denominational box of books which we trust you will papers every congregation should be able to use to good advantage." have a "Missionary Review Club"

Every secretary of Children's Work (send to the REVIEW office for infor- should count the children in church mation as to special club rates). Sub- institutions in her territory as one of scriptions are not difficult to secure if her responsibilities and opportunities, a secretary gives definite attention to and should see that the best mission- it. Now that" Everyland" has comp ary books to be had are within their back, there should also be an "Every- reach. land Club" for young people in eVC'ry congregation. Oh, the pathos of it- THE MAGAZINE SECRETARY that girls and boys should grow up ill The majority of church members in America with no outlook of worlel most congregations are languishing friendship! If we but knew our day from the effects of nothing-to-do, of opportunity, we would become cirwhile the church languishes because culation agents, everyone of us, to of things that are not being donc. help place missionary literature ill Why not give some one a big, defi- their hands. Write to the Circulation nite piece of work to do and at the Department of the MISSIONARY REsame time meet a need that is evident VIEW OF THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avin every congregation by appointing enue, New York and to Everyland, a Missionary Magazine Secretary ~ care of Miss M. H. Leavis, West Med- Trite and true is it that "what's ford, Mass., for blanks and rates.

everybody's business is nobody's busi- """ ness." Until there is some one dt'fi- SAFE INVESTMENTS AND SURE. A nitely appointed to be responsible for great layman has given a sufficient the circulation of missionary maga.. number of subscriptions to the MIS- zines the work will likely be done in a SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD to very haphazard fashion. place a copy within the reach of every First of all there are the denomina- foreign missionary in every field of tional magazines. The Magazine Sec- his entire denomination.

retary should see that they are circu- One large hearted, broad visioned lated in the various organizations and woman has given the REVIEW to 250 families of the church. Many mem- Christian leaders, and another han bers do not think of subscribing. sent the REVIEW to all the colleges in Many others fail to renew their sub- her state.

scriptions, unless some one reminds A Synodical Superintendent ar- them of it. The Magazine Secretary ranged, through interested friends, to should also call on new membprs as send the REVlEW to all the pastors of soon as they are received into the his Synod.

church or mail them a letter to be fol- A girl gave Everyland to all the lowed by a visit. It should be gener- Orphan Homes of her state.

aUy understood that one thing that is A friend gave Everyland to the definitely expected of church members missionary families with children in is that they read rcgularl~- thc mis- her denomination.

sionary magazine of their church. The Editor of "Best Methods"

Most people would form the habit of knows hundreds of children who do so doing, if they understood when not see EIJerylamd and cannot get it they were received into the church unless some one gives it to them. She that this wa~ a thing they were expect- knows also hundreds of men and ed to do. When weeks pass by and women who could give it to them. She

would like to be the go-between for "',I' lOth, ,m(l reserve the evening of that the men and women who have, and day for a dinner to the Board of Stewards to the children who have not. (Write to be given by Mr. – – at his home, at the" Best Methods" Editor about it.) ",hh'h time we ,vill have a free-for-all dis- ('ussion of the book."

MEN AND MISSIONARY LITERATURE MAKING" FROM SURVEY TO SERVICE"

Things some m.en have done and REAl, other men ma,y do. lVIrs. H. L. Goddard of Walpole, Several laymen presented one of Mass., has given her Missionary Sothe outstanding missionary books to ciety an opportunity of not only heare,"ery pastor of their denomination. ing and reading "From Survey to Service" but of seeing it also. ht- One keen judge of values gavp stead of the usual program of paperR copies of the best book he could find on the various topics, a very simple 011 "Missions in the Sunday-School" but effective dramatic presentation of to Sunday-school Superintendents of the various chapters was given. his acquaintance. The scenc was the home of the pres- A prominent banker in a southern ident of a missionary society who was city, who knew a good investment deeply interested in foreign missions, when he saw one. carefully selected but who made very clear the fact that missionary biographies for ;ver forty she couldn't exactly see that home boys of his acquaintance and sent missions were really missions. She them as a personal gift, with his card. had called together her Committee on the Year's Program and previous to A pastor invited all of his church their arrival, was busied with her officers to be his guests for one night mail. Among other letters was a rea week at a six weeks' Discussion Club quest from the Mission Study Secreand used a missionary book as thc tary that her society study the texthasis for it. After the first interesting' book" From Survey to ServicE'." Her meeting the men were glad to pur- comments to her maid revealed how chase copies of the book. little she knew about Home Mission needs and how undersized was her es- * «< * timate of the importance of that work.

Do You SEE OPPORTUNITY HERE? The first member of the Committee Tn a Men's Bible Class presenting a to arrive had been to Hawaii and prelife story of a great missionary to sented, in a striking conversational every boy who graduates at high way, some of the facts given in the school 1 textbook. The second had just re- In a Big Brother Book Club in turned from Porto Rico and Santa which every man gives at least onr Domingo and was full of enthusillilm book to a boy and takes some personal about the needs there. The third oversight of his reading V woman entered, reading a letter from In a missionary leaflet mailed oncc her husband who was in Aillilka. a month by the Brotherhood to every Others came who in various ways and man in the Church Y thTough various contacts brought in- In this letter: formation about the other depart- ments of Home Mission work. The "DEAR MR. BLANK: postman also arrived with a letter from a missionary for whom a box "To be a member of the Board of Stew- was being prepar~d. This letter was ards of Grace Methodist Church is no small based on the material in the book. dealresponsibility. Our opportunity is as wid" ing with frontier work. One of the as the world. Every man of us is eager to group in looking through a magazinE' he up-to-the-minute in our business or pro- saw an article on "Migrant America" fession. We need to be up·to-the-minute in which gave striking facts from the the affairs of the Kingdom. Some of ue are not up to twenty-five years ago in missionary affairs. One member of the Board has presented a copy of the latest word on Home Missions, the book 'From Survey to Service,' to each of our Stewards. Your copy is enclosed. Please read it by Febrn-

chapter "Mankind on the Move." A en and child-widows with nothing to member coming late explained that do and no means of support. She she had just returned from a visit to taught them to make lace and sent a her cousin in aNew York settlement few pieces to America to her friends house. She brought in the Immigrant to show what they had done. The Problem which was later accentuated friends wanted more lace and the by an episode in which the little women in India wanted more oppordaughter of the family entered, lead- tunity. Now over nine hundred woming by the hand a wee Italian boy, who en and girls in India are self-supporthad been mistreated by the children ing through their lace industry. at play. The "little ehild" led their Widows, cripples, orphans and desertthoughts and their discussion to their ed wives have a new door opened to duty to foreign neighbors. Some one them. They come in classes to the recalled and recited Robert Schauf- missionary in charge. Many come tier's "Scum of the Earth." from outlying villages, remaining for a week or ten days. Every day, in During the tea hour, the leader addition to the lessons in lace making, summed up the conversation of the there is an hour and a half of Bible afternoon. Several selections from study, which brings to these downthe textbook were read and the women trodden, suffering women their first present readily promised to read the book. The program ended with a plea message of light and hope. A housegiven by the hostess, which brought in boat in which the missionary in charge the reference to Abraham Lincoln's goes up and down the river, carrying brooding over the map of the United supplies and gathering up laces has States, and the singing of the hymn, been added to the equipment. "America, the BeautifuL" The first Sunday in May is "Thread Mrs. Goddard '8 suggestion may be Day." The children of the United adapted to make an interesting pre- Lutheran Church in America are view or review or a program meeting asked to bring spools of thread for on almost any Mission Study book, India laces. In 1921 about. 300,000 though it is peculiarly fitted for the spools of thread, or their equivalent presentation of "From Survey to in cash gifts, came in. Service." Many attractive methods were de- Do you have good methods for the veloped in connection with Thread circulation of missionary literature! Day. .There were posters of various Pass them on through the Best Meth.- types. Some were bordered with ods Department. A later issue will spools of thread, and showed pictures present missionary leaflets. missionary of the girls and women at work on the books in the home, and other phases of laces in India. Thousands of leatIets the subject. were distributed, which spread infor- mation about the work and aroused THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND interest. In some Sunday-schools, at- tractive baskets trimmed with spools SPOOLS OF THREAD of thread were made for gathering the offering. The actual buying and han- The Women '8 Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church in Amer- dling of the thread that was to go to ica has developed a wonderful lace in- India made a very definite and valudustry in India. Like all great oaks able point of contact with the mission it grew from a little acorn. A missionary found hopeless, helpless wom- work and thousands of children lis- tened eagerly to learn more of the girls and women to whom their spools of thread would go.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MrssFLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK TWO ACTIVE MISSIONARY were from the Association. There was UNIONS no admission fee to this public meet- Last month we printed an article telling of ing. There were afternoon sessions ~i~i:;~!dnt~:tw~~e:'sS:f!~~lrt~e~i~~i~nco~~~i . on the three days, consisting of a deof Churches. The following sketch of activities votional service, mission study, and ~r~Y l~lte';,t~dO~~ M~;es.i~h':, tl!re~~~~ g~~S~rts:;'~ an inspirational address. A Denomomeers i;resJ~~~;!p~fo,;h~! y~~o~a~if~~t~~ °Jeh~gl~m~~~ of either Union w!1l be glad to answer inational Poster Exhibit was one of the attractions, and a feature of the t~~;~gnsan~or Ml~~o:ae~efi~J:raiig:! ~O!tb~~ program was the review of a textbook for Negro children by a Negro cIUes.-EDITOR.

The Woman's Interdenominational teacher.

Missionary Union of the District of The keynote of the School was Columbia, organized in March, 1900, "Service"; the inspirational thought represents one hundred and seventy- which was constantly kept before the five churches of twenty-three evangel- group and voiced in frequent fervent ieal denominations and fifteen other prayer, was: "Ye have. not chosen organizations. Among the churches Me, but I have chosen you and or- are those of northern and southern dained you, that ye should go and branches of Baptists, Methodists and bring forth fruit …. that whatsoever Presbyterians; there are white ye shall ask of the Father in My name, churches and Negro' churches. An He will give it you." The slogan was: outstanding activity is the coopera- A study class in every church! Study tion with the international and inter- classes were urged to attend in a body denominational Mission to Lepers. and were given reduced rates.

On the afternoon of the first Friday A few miles away in' Baltimore is a of each month from October through similar Union with representatives of May there is a meeting for interces- seventeen denominations on the Ex- sory prayer. The Day of Prayer for eeutive Committee. Besides the usual Missions observed throughout the lines of service the Union is prepared United States is among the yearly ac- to assist auxiliaries in procuring mis- tivities of the Union. sionary speakers when needed. It has The fourth Annual School for Mis- a Young Women's Auxiliary which sionary Instruction was held by this proves especially useful when pag- Union November 8, 9, and 10, 1921. eants are to be presented. This Balti- Because of the excitement incident to more Union held its seventh annual Armistice Day in Washington, it had School of Missionary Instruction the been judged impracticable to continue first days in November, similar to the the sessions through November 11th. one in Washington.

As usual, a registration fee of one Here the features of the program dollar was charged and denomination- included a special period of Bible al registrars were appointed. The study, mission study classes for adults, clergy were allowed to attend, free, for young people, for boys and girls, with their wives. The sessions this a lecture each afternoon on "Meth.

year were marked by an increased ods, " a supper each evening with an number of young women, including inspirational talk, and public evening young married women, enrolled as stu- services. The sessions were consecu- dents, among them young women of tive, from' two to nine-thirty p. m.

the local Y. W. C. A. The ushers for The supper tickets, which were fifty the popular meeting held one evening cents, were sold to holders of registra.

137

38 THE MISSIOXARY REnEW OF THE WORLD [:B'ebruary

tion cards. There was a registration problems from the standpoint of pro- of four hundred and fifty. moting missionary education. How can we secure a teaching force with The Baltimore Union and the five the missionary point of view? If we other unions in Maryland, of which have such a force we will get mission- the one in Baltimore is parent, are or- ary instruction even in 'spite of the ganized into a Women's Interdenom- paucity of materials, though we will inational Missionary Council for get better missionary instruction with Maryland. The P~esident of the adequate missionary material. With- Baltimore Union is by virtue of her out such a teaching force we are not position, a member of the Executiye likely to get anything across in the Committee of the Baltimore Federa- way of missionary viewpoint, no mattion of Churches. ter what is put into the lesson helps either for teacher or pupil. For this MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE reason I am recommending very strongly in my own work the establish- SUNDAY -SCHOOL ment of some sort of mission study class for Sunday-school teachers, ei- By JOliN BAILEY KELLEY ther in connection with the regular teachers' meeting or with a teacher Assistnnt Educational Secretary of the training course or arranged independ- Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian ently if necessary. If we could get Church in the U. S. A. our Sunday-school teachers to sit down together and study such a book One of the weak spots in the pro- as "The Why and How of Foreign gram of religious education in the past Missions" by Arthur .T. Brown, the has been the side-tracking of the mis- effect in the class work of these teachsionary motive and material. I do ers would be directly in proportion to not think this has been deliberate or the new vision and emphasis which intentional. The viewpoint rather had come to them in the process. seems to have been that this material is important and well enough in its In addition to the two suggestions place, but that owing to the greater given above we need to add a third, importance of other things there was namely, that there be worked out some hardly time for its consideration. We sort of interdenominational course of are now arriving at a point, however, definite missionary instruction appliin the development of our religious cable to Sunday-schools. In the case education program where it begins to of the more advanced grades there be apparent that missionary education are marked difficulties. The full is a vital part of the whole process, period available for lesson study is and consequently into the structure necessary for the adequate treatment of the more modern courses of Sun- of the theme presented in the regular day-school curricula and into the les- lesson. The sense of unity and conson material itself is being built in- gruity also forbids the introduction of creasingly the missionary idea with its extra topics of discussion. Our represent-day problems and its actual course here would seem to be either outworking on the mission field. the introduction into the curriculum itself of missi'ilnary lessons on a regu- But we need something more in the lar schedule or else the careful selecway of missiqnary education than we tion of lessons in the regular routine are likely to achieve in the near fu- which are capable of missionary interture by this process, wholesome as it pretation and exposition. is. At the present time, at least, we do not have enough missionary mate- With primary and junior grades, rial in the lesson helps, and what is however, the difficulty cited above even more of a handicap, owing to does not obtain. It is impossible to the neglect of missionary education in keep the minds of children coneenthe past, we do not have a teaching force with sufficient missionary vision.

This last point is worth dwelling upon as it involves one of the serious

NEWS FROM :MANY LANDS

trated for allY great length of time In addition to these things, there is upon one subject. Primary and the opportunity for real missionary junior teachers, therefore, break their education from the platform in the de- Sunday-school hour up into small segments and pass from one tIling to an- yotional exercises of the school or of other, giving the variety that is neces- the department. Here again we feel sary in order to hold the interest of the need of missionary vision on the the children. Here it is a simpler matter to introduce ten minutes of part of the superintendent quite as missionary instruction, provided care- much as we feel the need of it in the fully prepared material is available teaching force. Given this missionary and the teacher is led to see the value viewpoint, a great variety of way~ and importance of using it. Also, and open by which he can present to his this cannot be too much emphasized, school the facts about the missionary the material should be usable so that enterprise. The special days for home the teacher will find some satisfaction and foreign missions recommended by in making use of it. most of the denominations are one means of securing this missionary ed- This ideal course of supplementary missionary lessons for younger chil- ucation from the platform. They prodren should be worked out in a variety vide a curriculum, limited somewhat, of ways. It ought to re~t upon a sound and modern pedagogical basis. to be surr, but nevertheless a curricu- Modern American youth is precocious lum for systematic missionary instructo a degree. It will not do to attempt tion. our missionary instruction in an antiquated way. There should be hancl Many schools have a missionary work and other forms of expressional Sunday every month, some of them work as well as stories of vital interest. The possibilities along this line more than one a month, and utilize the have not been exhausted-paint books. posters, cut-outs, improvised dramati- devotional period of the Sundayzations, the making of scrapbooks, or school for the giving of information even, for the older girls, sewing to be done during the week in connection and inspiration from the platform. A with supplies for hospitals or mission- liYe missionary committee is an invalary boxes. uable aid at this point and may pos- sibly be the solution of the problem of the recalcitrant superintendent, though we are free to admit that this implies much grace on the part of the committee and somewhat more than human force and wisdom.

Get Somebody Else The Lord hall ng~tjobsofmoer bmodey' but I had so much to do I said, "You else, or wait till I get through."

I don't know how the Lord came out; no doubt He got along; But I felt kind 0' sneakin' like; I knew I'd done God wrong.

One clay I needed the Lord-needed Him right away; But He never answerer1 me at all, and I could hear Him say Down in my aeeusin' heart "Child, I've got too much to do; You get somebody else, or wait till I get through."

Now whell the Lorr1 has a job for me, I never try to shirk; I drop what I have on ha;'d and do the Lord's good work, And my affairs call run along or wait till I get through; Nobody else can do the work that God has marked out for you.

-Selected. OHINA sale of children, it is not generally The Fa.:mine Fund known and cannot be enforced, be- T HE American Committee for the cause there is no public sentiment China Famine Fund reports that behind it. A famine is not only a "a new seal has been added to the terrible physical disaster but also a charter of lasting friendship between moral calamity, as it puts a great the two nations." In December, moral strain on its victims.

1920, it was estimated that 20,000,000 people would need relief over a period The Ohinese Renaissance of seven months. Gifts from the T HE China Continuation Commit- United States have amounted to $7,- tee, one-half of whose sixty-five 750,000, sent to China by the Amer- members are now Chinese, devoted ican Committee, the Church boards, the Red Cross, and Chinese organiza- one day of its annual meeting in tions in America. Heavy rains which fell in August, 1921, in time to save Shanghai, to the consideration of new crops, and large results from a "The Chinese Renaissance" or " New campaign for funds carried on in China itself, brought the American Tide of Thought," which during the campaign to a prompt close with a past year has assumed extensive probalance on hand of about $550,000. In China also, monies unused amount portions. Although the movement is to about $700,000, making a total of unorganized and without officers or $1,250,000. The committee is studying how best to devote this fund to members, it stands everywhere for the the prevention of future famines. following things: (1) An attitude of criticism toward es- t ablished traditions, and indeed toward everything, new or olil; (2) The use of conversational Janguage as a medium· of expression instead of the old literary style; (3) Loyalty to democracy and freedom, in government and .'loeiety; (4) Love and Moral Effects of Famine service as the supreme principles of life, applying to international and inter-racial, REV. CHARLES H. CORBETT as well as to individual and family interests; of Peking gives the following in- (5) The scientific spirit and the effort to teresting sidelight on the famine in nationalize all life.

China: "I was asked to serve on a com- Freedom for Ohinese Womanhood T mittee to devise means to prevent the HE new freedom given to Chinese women under the Republic is sale of children. The work was be- gun so late that very little could be showing several very interesting de- accomp,lished beyond what had al- velopments since the days pI univer- ready been done by the various sal foot-binding and ignorance. On famine schools, orphanages and gen- an afternoon in June a thousand eral relief measures. The investiga- Chinese schoolgirls, drawn from 17 tions undertaken showed that a very schools in Shanghai, filled the arena large number of children have been of the Far Eastern Olympic Games sold, and that while some of these and gave a series of very remarkable have been adopted, or become daugh- demonstrations. In addition to the ters-in-law, the condition of a large schoolgirls there was a delegation of proportion is deplorable. Though factory girls, students and industrial there is now a law that forbids the girls thus w0rking in cooperation.

140 The performance was planned and other woman to read. On Saturday I directed by the Physical Education go' out and invite people to come to Department of the Y. W. C. A., which church the next day, and on Sunday I through its Normal Training School go to church."

of Hygiene and Physical Education This representative of pioneer girls'

is each year sending out girls as school work in China, after more than physical instructors for Chinese girls half a century of service for the girls and women. Most of the students in of China, sends this message, "Work, the school are Christians, or become Serve, Live!"

so before leaving; and freedom for China's womanhood is thus being Chinese Christian Athletes more and more closely identified with I N the Chinese Recorder for Septemthe "Way" of Jesus Christ. China ber, it is stated that athletes from is probably the first nation to admit Christian schools were prominent in girls to any place in Olympic games. the recent Far Eastern Olympic Club House tor Women. Games. Of twenty-nine competitors from Canton, nineteen were profess- A CLDB house for women has been ing Christians, and twenty-four from opened in Kaifeng by the Prot- schools under mission auspices. Of estant Episcopal Mission. Nothing the Nanking representatives, of whom has been done for women and girls there were seven, three were Chris- by the Chinese themselves, and with- tians. All the officials from Peking out Christian supervision freedom for were Christians, the coach and three women is open to many dangers. Most members of the basketball team, and of the upper class women in China the two tennis competitors, together have no outlook in life, and spend with others {rom North China, being their time in gossip and gambling. also Chrl!'itians. Ten or twelve of the What is proposed in this new club Japanese athletes were also professing house is the provision of popular lec- Christians. With the exception of tures, recreational facilities and possibly three or four, all the Philip- classes fpr instruction of various pine athletes were from Christian kinds. There will be residential quar- schools, or were Christians. It is in- ters for the women missionaries in teresting to note that of the nine men charge, so that they will be at hand to on the executive committee of the take advantage of the many oppor- new National Athletic Union (Chi- tunities this kind of work will afford. nese), eight are church members, and the ninth is a professing Christian.

A Chinese Woman's Business N OLD lady of fourscore years, Unwanted Baby Girls A her body worn with suffering, but T with radiant face, was told by a mis- HOUGH there has heena marked improvement in the position of sionary that she must take time to girls in China in recent years, the rest! She replied: "We rest when following stories told by a woman we go to heaven. See, I am still missionary of the Church Missionary strong. I can work. With this cane Society in Szechuan show how un- of mine I can walk a little. On Mon- welcome a baby girl still may be.

day I go out on the street and walk She writes: until I find some one to whom I can "In a certain home a baby girl was talk about Jesus. On Tuesday I go born and the father said that he would to the women's prayer-meeting and not recognize her, she could become I always try to take some one with me. a beggar. The mother tried to choke On Thursday I go to the house of a the child, and, failing, tore the little young Christian and teach her 'Th~ mouth open half across to the ear, Peep of Day.' On Friday I teach an- and then put her upon the edge of

T1m MfRRTO:'.HY HEYII·~W (W TilE '0111.1> [}'eOl'llflry

the cesspooL I was called in the next no way out for thc missionary cnter- day, and although I went twice every prise except the road of education."

day for a week, I could not save the The Continent.

little mite.

"In another case, a man returning A Beggars' Union in Shanghai from market heard a child crying, and ONE morning the proprietor of it saw a. little girl lying by the road- department store in Shanghai side; he, being childless, took her found one of the almost countless beghome to his wife, hoping to keep the gars of China plying his trade in the child as their own. They found that store, and, in anger at such a violathe little girl had been stabbed in the tion of rules, not only ordered the throat and back. They brought her beggar out, but kicked him out of the to us, but we could do nothing. She door. Within half an hour beggars died before the woman could get her began to gather upon the sidewalks home." about the store, which occupied nearly a square of the business sec- Student Influence in China tion, and in an hour there were bcg- DR. HARRY EMERSON FOS- gars walking three deep around the DICK, speaking in the interest store. Customers eould not reach the of Peking University after his recent doorways. The beggars did not ply their trade-just walked in an orderly visit to China, said: "The encouraging spot to look at way upon the walk. Constantly the in China-the spot through which the crowd of beggars was being added to, and the proprietor saw ruin for the new is welling up to take the place store. The beggars' union was workof what is corrupt and superstitious ing revenge for the parting kick given in the old-is the student life of the nation. There are 25,000 to 30,000 one of its members. ~, * * of these young men of promise in the The merchant knew he was beaten single city of Peking, studying with and sent for the head of the unionpassionate intensity what they be- they call it guild in the East, an inlieve is destined to redeem the life of stitution which antegates written histheir people – science, economics, tory. 'fhe head man admitted that the merchant had the right to put the dt'mocratic politics. No such passion beggar out, but the kick was an excess of youth for education prevails any- of rights. One thousand dollars cash, where else in the world. They arc paid within five minutes, and one not simply the sons of the wealthy and thousand a month as a surety that the powerfuL Some of the strongest rights might not be exceeded in the potential leaders of the renewed future, was the demand of the beg- China of the future are sons of th0 gars' union-and it was either that or humblest households-the forerunners of a genuine Chinese democracy. bankruptcy.

The overwhelming mass of rducated young China has turnell to JAPAN-CHOSEN agnosticism. They cannot think of Tour of the Crown Prince R religion in any other terms than BV. G. J. W.AJjSH, of the Church Missionary Society, says that terms such as they have known in the immemorial worship of their own while some may see in the Crown people. And the unhappiest thing Priuce'8 tour in western lands, only about it all is that the most of the a unique historic event, "we regard it il).1iuences which come out of the as one of the signs of the earnestness western lands to inspire young China of Japan's quest-a quest for peace are frankly irreligious. •with the world and for the things that There is no answer to these influences will bring her not material greatness except Christian education. There is alone, but also the righteousness that

J!l2~J

'exalteth a nation.' Japan is already "Of course, authority attempts cor· a member of the League of Nations. rectives. The police are attempting She is showing a real anxiety to bring to restore the use of family shrines her industrial and social conditions in the home, on the theory that the up to the same standards as other family system and reverence for ancivilized nations. More than one cestors is the foundation of Japanese great industrial concern has recently social unity and strength. The Imformed a labor bureau, whose definite perial University is to develop the object is to study methods of im- study of religion, and the papers anprovement of labor conditions. In nounce the foundation of a chair in Japan a Christian background and a Christian Theology. The Education Christian public opinion are begin- Department announces an elaborate ning to be perceptible. Japan is not study of religions with a view to getunaware 6f the wrongs in her life, ting new religious laws promuland is already seeking ror a remedy." gated."

A Changed Attitude New Use for Christian Knowledge I ~~THERE has been a marked N A JAPANESE cinema there is change," writes Rev. J. B. always a speaker who dramatically Hail of Wakayama, Japan, "in the explains each picture, because the attitude of the educational world EngUsh words shown on the films are toward Christianity. Whereas for- not intelligible to the majority of the merly the Christian ministers were audience. A missionary of the Church not permitted to speak in the schools, Missionary Society relates the pre- now they are frequently called upon dicament of a Japanese cinema pro- to lecture on morals to the students in prietor who sent post haste for the the higher classes. One young Jap- missionary one evening as he was anese student told me that at the Eng- about to enter his pulpit, imploring lish examination of his class he sang him to come at once to the nearest two English hymI1iS and addressed moving picture theatre to explain the his fellow-students on the teachings words: "A bruised reed shall He not of Jesus." break, and smoking flax shall He not quench. " The dramatic reader's New Standards in Japan knowledge had failed him, and he re- T HE Rev. W. F. France, of South marked: "We can't get along with- Tokyo, writes in The Mission out some understanding of Christian- Field: "No country has changed more ity; so many of the films have allucompletely than Japan during, and sions to it. "

since the war. The break-up of past Baron Saito on Korea standards and ideals is summed up in I N an address on December 9 at the a"the word 'democracy.' The word is home of Dr. S. H. Wainright in common as the word 'patriotism' was after the war with Russia. It is Tokyo, the Governor-General of uRed to justify the rapid disappear- KorE'a said: ance of courtesy and good manners. "This is the dawning of a new day Workmen use it to justify being up- upon the world and particularly upon roarious or fighting for a place in a the Pacific. Earnest men at Wash- tram. Students use it to justify not ington are laying the foundations for obeying their superiors. All this is an edifice of pacific goodwill, wherein to be found in daily discussions in the the nations may enter together in press magazines and the like. All brotherhood.

writers start with the axiom that "I am keenly anxious that the same Japan is in a peculiarly dangerous laying aside of suspicion be brought state of thought. about in Korea as is being brought

about elsewhere. I am striving to brought a large body of people into win the confidence of the Korean peo- the Church." ple, because, having their confidence, I can do much more for them than is INDIA possible where they suspect my motives and have a misunderstanding of Gandhi on India's Need the policy of the Imperial Government toward them. M K. GANDHI, the Nationalist "In this era of peace and goodwill, .L • leader of India, is quoted in I have asked the Christian mission- The Christian Patriot of Madras as aries of Korea to help me, and they are helping me. I now wish to ask believing that India must rise above the help of Christian missionaries in Japan. I desire to aid the Korean her present state of spiritual and and to bring him happiness, safety, a competence and a knowledge that secular degradation before she can he may rely upon Japanese law for his security and for justice. You can hope to teach the world. Rabinhelp by your prayers and by your influence among those to whom the dranath Tagore and others have been Koreans look for advice." upholding the power of the ancient Centenary Campaign in Korea Shastras, but Gandhi replies: "They T HE Southern Methodist Church reports 16,000 new believers and are printed in many editions, and an the organization of about 150 new churches or groups in non-Christian incredulous and idolatrous world revillages as the result of its centenary evangelistic campaign in Korea. This fuses to look at them, because the campaign is described by Rev. J. S. Ryang, centenary secretary, as having heirs and custodians do not live by been divided into four parts: a campaign among non-Christian villages, them. Before therefore I can think among non-Christians in the cities through the city churches, a similar of sharing with the world, I must effort through the country churches, and conservation work. On the last possess. . A drowning man point he says: cannot save others. In order to be "To bring men into the Church and to persuade them to become be- fit to sa-ve others, we must try to save lievers is comparatively easy in Korea nowadays, but to help them to be con- ourselves. Indian nationalism is not sistent Christians is a harder task. So we had several men in each dis- exclusive, nor aggressive, nor destructrict working throughout the year for the purpose of instructing new be- tive. It is health-giving, religious and lievers in the fundamentals of the Christian life. We also have had a therefore humanitarian. India must conservation program for every local church, which revived many old be- learn to live before she can aspire to lievers and helped the new ones. While we were trying to conserve the die for humanity." believers, the conservation work The Demand for Purity REPRESENTATIVES of various Protestant missions, the Roman Catholic Archbishop, an Indian Chris- tian magistrate, a leading Hindu member of the Legislative Council, and Lady Freeman of the Women's Presidency Council united in address- ing a meeting held in Bombay to dis- cuss commercialized vice and the need of legislation to control it. Lady Freeman stated that girl babies are sold in Bombay for four annas (about eight cents).

There is some serious thinking being done on the subject of social purity in India today. Gandhi, the Nationalist leader, has written an article entitled "Our Fallen Sisters," in which he speaks of spending two hours at Bari- sal in the company of 350 such women, and says he hung his head in shame that "gambling in vice"

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has such a prominent part in Indian teacher to undertcll:.e it, if he gi"es civilization. He Clalls on meL to con- his services voluntarily The Madras trol their passions and on slil!h women Government is prepared to make such to become "the true Sannli'1St11,," or instruction compulsory for hoy~ holy women. The Dnyanorl",ya, an whose parents or guardians wisb it, Indian Christian newspaper '~n Bom- but the Bombay Government would bay, pertinently inquires how Mr. make it compulsory only in hostels.

Gandhi expects such changes to be The Madras Government is willing to brought about apart from Christ. lieduct the time spent by the boy in receiving religious instruction .from The Santals Discuss Christianity the period indicated in the prescribed S CATTERED in various parts of curriculum, but the Bombay Govern- Bengal and Bihar are a unique aboriginal race known as the Santals, ment :8 not. The Bombay Governwho believe themselves to have been at one time servants of the true God, ment has apparently passed e definite but who are now worshippers of the Devil, whom they 3ull Marang Buru. order, while the Madras Government has issued its order tentatively and is desirous of receiving criticisms and suggestion!'; " The Harvest Field.

There are at present many indications of a mass movement of the San- MOSLEM LANDS tals toward Christianity. They have Leader of Bahaism Dies L held several conferences for the dis- AST November Abdul Baha died in the villa on Mount Carmel in cussion of the question and in each .case there was a large majority in which he had spent the last twenty favor of becoming Christians at once years of his life. Abdul Baha Abbas, provided all would agree. It is one as the third prophe.t of Bahaism al. of the racial characterist~cs of these ways signed his name, was born in people to seek unanimous agreement. Shiraz, Persia, May 23, 1844. It was Their interest in education has grown on that day that Mirza Ali Moham- by leaps and bounds. The Santals med, also a Persian, and presently to are virile, noted among their neigh- be called the Bab, preached the first boring races for truthfulness and revelation of Bahaism. It claims not decisiveness of character. Their to be a religion, but the root of all moral standards and social customs constructive religions. It is suppose1 are more wholesoIDe and eugenic than to be a cult of harmony, of brother- prevail generally in India. Chris- hood, of infinite charity. It is said tianized and educated they will take that Mirza received his firct inspira- their place as one of the dominatiucr tion to found the cult in the words influences in the future Churcb and of Achmet the Turk: "Religion means State of India. the various ways in which God is worshipped. "

Religious Education in India In 1912 Abdul Baha visited the T HIS question has been under spe- United States and was received not cial consideration in India, and only by the societies of Bahaism, the government; of Bombay and which had gradually grown up here, Madras presidencies have issued or- but also by several universities.

ders, which provide for the use of school and college premises for re- Less Bigotry in Persia A ligious teaching out of the ordinary MEDICAL missionary of the Church Missionary Society itinerhours for instruction. "The Bombay Government does not allow a teacher ating in company with an Armenian in the employ of Government to give assistant in some villages near Isfa- such religious teaching, but the han, Persia, had some experiences Madras Government permits the whiClh illustrate the gradual breaking

down of bigotry. During three days Armenians Again in Danger over fifty Bibles '1nd Scripture por- tions were sold, and some 500 people T HE agreement recently made by in the aggregate listened attentively the French Government, to recog- to direct and simple gospel addresses nize the Turkish Nationalists under illustrated by lantern pictures. The Mustapha Kemal Pasha as a de facto chief of the village entertained them, government and to withdraw from lnd they sat down to a meal, all of Cilicia, has not only broken up the them-Mohammedans and Christians unity of the Allies in dealing with -eating out of the same dishes. This the Near East, but drove 100,000 Arwillingness on the part of Moslems to menians from that region. They were eat with Christians is increasing. believed to be in danger of annihila- tion, unless adequate steps were Encouraging Contrasts in Persia taken for their protection before the evacuation of the French troops was DR. EDWARD M. DODD, of the completed. The Turks, incensed by Presbyterian Mission in Tabriz, the aid Armenians gave France, had Persia, now on furlough, points out announced that as soon as the withthe encouraging contrasts between drawal of the French army was comconditions in 'Western Persia a year plete, they would build mosques with ago and now. In December, 1920, the the skulls of the Armenians and political 'lituation was very dubious other Christians in Cilicia. Already and the mission work at a minimum. practically the entire population of The threat of Bo~shevik occupatIOn Zeitolln, a city in the Taurus mrunund general disorder forced almost tains, has bePD destroyed. The the entire foreign colony in Tabriz United States .~el'" a. naval vessel to and some 1,200 Sjrians from Urumia Mersina and helped to maintain quiet who were there to migrate to Hama- during the exodus of the frightened dan and other easterly cities. There Christians from Cilicia. seemed every likelihood that the W9rk of the mission would be seriously MissionaX"> C'onditions in Turkey halted, if not entirely wrecked. "This year," says Dr. Dodd, "the future T HE Kemalist Government has of the work looks brighter than per- shown its hostility to missionary haps at any time in many years. The work, Dot only by obstructing relief crash did not come. The evacuated measures in Kharput but by imposing stations of Tabriz in West Persia, a tax of 6,000 Turkish lire on the and Meshed and Resht in East Persia, salaries of the American relief and have been reoccupied. And work has missionary workers, without any inbeen going on all along the line f'111 dication as to the basis or time for blast. which it is demanded.

"At Tabriz during the period of All but three of the American suspense last winter, when rumors Board missionaries have been exfrom the Caucasus were rife :md it pelled from Marsovan and even Dr. was uncertain what the political '-,ut- Marden's big hospital has been closed. come would be, the church work under In some other sections, however, work l'[r. Pittman took on fresh evidences is going on well. Eighty per cent of of life. The months of uneasiness the Board's force of 137 missionaries and difficulty were m(}n~11:l of growth are on the ground. Of these, twentyand progress. According to the ob- six are engaged in Near East Relief, servation of old church members, eighty-foUl are doing Tegular misthere has never been such a time of sionary work. The following stations are still occupied: Constantinople, deep interest and consecration as dur- Brousa, Smyrna, Marsovan (three ing the winter and spring of 1921." missionaries), Sivas, Cesarea, Talas, Trebizond, Harpoot (three mission-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

aries), Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, other hand a more conservative group, Marash. Dr. Ussher is at Erivan in headed by the Prime Minister and the Caucasus, covering also TitUs and other officials then in power, argued Alexandropol, now under Soviet con- their rights to represent Egypt.

trol. The schools in the coast cities Gradually the country grew weary are all operating, many of them with of disturbances and popular favor large enrolments, Moslem students settled down slowly in favor of the being much in evidence. conservative group. A delegation was appointed to carry on the negotia- AFRICA tions with the British Government.

Growth of Cairo University Recent report.s indicate that progress T HE American University at Cairo has been made, and it is expected that opened the current year with an before long the Egyptian delegation increase of six in its teaching force will return to Egypt with definite and a litudent enrolment of 201 as proposals which will mark a very conagainst 150 a year ago. Among these siderable advance toward self-governstudents, forty-eight are sons of gov- ment. Meanwhile, the national exernment officials, eighty-one of land pectation in this direction is a powerowners, twenty-seven of merchants, ful stimulus to the prevailing demand eight of lawyers, ten of doctors, four for the best possible education for the of mayors of towns or villages, three rising generation.

of judges, seven of civil engineers, while one is the son of a Minister of Waiting List at Assiut Justice, one a son of a Commandant T HE United Presbyterian College of Police, and one a son of the vice- at Assiut, which a member of the president of the native court. Their recent Milner Commission to Egypt social standing is further evident from called" a wonderful institution, doing the fact that thirty-one boys are sons the largest work of its kind in the of beys and three are sons of pashas. country," enrolled over 700 students Fifty-six per eent of the enrolment at its opening this year. Extra. diviis Moslem, and for the most part the sions of classes were arranged, addistudents enrolled are Egyptian. tional teachers were secured, and dormitory beds were crowded closer The School of Oriental Studies, which has grown out of what has been together; but capacity in a number known as the Cairo Study Center, of departments was quickly reached, has been established as a part of the and notices were sent to the news- University. papers, asking students from a dis- Outlook for Egyptian Independence tance not to come until they had been notified that places would be available. A LITTLE more than a year has On the waiting list the names of sons passed- since the publication of of beys and city mayors were written the Milner Commission's Report, with the names of the sons of fellahin, which, it will be remembered, sug- for the students who crowded at the gested the possibility of self-government for Egypt, the appointment of a college doors represented every strata delegation which should negotiate a of social life, as well as every section treaty with Great Britain and the of Egypt.

formulating of a constitution which should be adopted by England. For New Coptic Sunday Schools A months, Egypt was in the throes of N Egyptian young man, Yusef Iskander Grace. a member of the excitement. On the one hand a lib- eral party, headed by Zaghloul Pasha, Orthodox Coptic Church, came some asserted its claim to represent Egypt eighteen months ago to the office of in any such negotiations, while on the Rev. Stephen van R. Trowbridge,

representative of the World's Sunday Sle••or ~eD1orial lIOD1e School Association in Egypt, seeking E IGHTY million people in Central to know how he might work for Christ Africa are still pagan. Eight within his church. Mr. Trowbridge gave him an Arabic copy of Marion hundred distinct tribes are almost en- Lawrance's "How to Conduct a Sunday School," and the young man re- tirely without the Gospel. Including solved to devote his life to introducing Bible study among the children the French Niger Provinces, the numof the Coptic Church. The priests have for centuries discouraged in- ber of waiting tribes probably exceeds dividual study of the Word of God, reserving the reading and interpre- 2,000. tation to the clergy. Thus the Bible has been neglected. But through this When the Slessor Memorial Home new effort of fifty young men, led by Mr. Grace, 2,800 scholars, chiefly was established in Arochuku in 1915, boys, have been gathered into classes, and have received New Testaments the chiefs and people of Okoyong or single gospels, besides weekly lesson helps. The movement has spread gave £20 to the institution, in memory from Cairo to Alexandria, Assiut and provincial cities. of the "Ma" who had done so much for them. This, however, did not satisfy them. They determined to have a memorial home of their own at Akpap, and last year courageously attacked the problem of erecting buildings that would accommodate thirty girls. Above the front door are the words: "Okoyong Memorial Home. " Underneath, in Efik: "Her children shall rise up and call her blessed. " Lite of Faith.

A Lost Opportunity ECAUSE Christians at home did Breaking with Idolatry B not respond to the appeals of the N missionaries at Elat, in the Kamerun, EWS has come recently of 300 young men joining the church for men and money to establish new at Ikere in the Yoruba country, West work in Younde among the Beti peo- Africa, on one day. These converts ple, the opportunity has been lost. then reported themselves to the Rev. George Schwab, who has recently chiefs, declaring that they would not been touring in that region, writes: have anything more to do with "The Roman Catholics have occupied idolatry. This brought on them the the site of the station formerly pos- wrath of the chiefs who had depended sessed by the Gossner Mission. The hitherto on these young men to keep people tired of waiting for us to do idol houses in repair and the groves something, so got a teacher from in order. Ikere is the largest town in Younde. Our procrastination in ac- Ekiti, with a population of nearly quiring the site selected by us at 50,000, but there is only one Christian Younde, after we had advertised our teacher, and he is a young man, and intentions for almost two years, may has two churches and more than 1,000 cost us that site, too." Christians to care for. A scout troop The greatest danger continues to was formed about six months ago, be from Islam. He says; "Weare consisting of boys from the mission realizing at last how great is this flood school.

of Islam, penetrating into every nook and corner of the heathen peoples of Prohibition in the Transvaal T Kamerun. With open and protected HE Prohibition movement in South Africa is gaining rapid routes under the government, there is nothing but the power of God to headway as the churches are taking keep them out of all the Congo basin, hold of the question. A representa- and then southward. What is going tive congress held in Johannesburg to be done about it?" under the leadership of the Dutch

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reformed Church, voted for "total which films on West Africa were prohibition for the whole of the Union shown, and addresses given on the for all races, at the earliest moment." Call to Service. During the first four- .Another resolution called upon the teen days of the campaign approxi- Transvaal Department of Education mately 12,000 young men and young to provide for scientific instruction women and over 5,000 children were in the schools on the effects of alcohol reached in this way. In nearly every ()n the human system, su(}h teaching case the places of meeting were having been .recognized by the con- crowded, and an enthusiastic spirit ference as having been an important was aroused. Missionary books found factor in making possible the Pro- a ready sale.

hibition amendment in the United States. Chinese Missions in Liverpool A Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Africa L IVERPOOL has probably the larg- est Chinese population in Great M AX YERGAN, the first per- Britain, many of them coming as sea- manent secretary of the Young men and remaining to establish a busi- Men's Christian Association appoint- ness. Fourteen years ago a Christian oed for service in Africa, sailed from layman, whose place of business bor- New York for his post on November dered on the Chinese quarter, felt a 26, 1921. He was born in Raleigh, compelling desire to help these hea- N. C., and educated at Shaw Uni- then in a Christian land, and although versity in that city. At a summer he was neither physically strong nor conference during his student days well-to-do, he made the venture and he dedicated himself to Christian the results form a new chapter in the -service, wherever God might call him, Acts of the Apostles. This consebut with the hope that he might be crated worker, Mr. G. A. Kirkham, -sent to Africa. After his graduation began with an invitation to a Sunday- from the Y. M. C. A. College a;t school which grew so rapidly that in Springfield, Mass., he was placed in three years twenty students were bap- {Jharge of the Colored Men's Depart- tized. He taught English from a ment of the Y. M. C. A. of America, blackboard while his pupils taught .and in 1916 went to German East him Chinese, and thus became so pro- Africa and served with both white ficient in their language that he could and colored soldiers for many months. preach to them in it. Altogether he When the British National Council established fourteen missions for Chi- of the Y. M. C. A. asked the foreign nese in Liverpool. Mr. Kirkham died division of the American "Y" to send last year, but the work is continued by 'Out a secretary for her colonies in his assistant.

Africa, the Colored Men's Depart- ment pledged the financing of the For the Children of France R work, and Max Yergan was selected ECONSTRUCTION in France in- cludes the saving and training of for the post. the hundreds of thousands of inno- EUROPE cent children whose fathers died in C. M. S. "Young Life Campaign" the war. The number of dead, wounded and missing French soldiers T HE Church of England has been is said to be over 4,500,000. Who is seeking to arouse among its young people a deeper interest in missions to care for their children T The Amer- through a "Young Life Campaign" ican "Kindergarten Unit" of which which was one of the leading features Miss Fanniebelle Curtis of Brooklyn, {)f the autumn home propaganda of New York, is director, was established the Church Missionary Society. Meet- in the autumn of 1917 and has already ings were held all over London, at been able to give help to over 25,000

refugee Freneh children. There are have passed through this bureau win now about thirty-five eenters where constitute at least a portion of Italy's children are fed and clothed and are quota to be admitted to America.

trained in body and mind. In their Congregationalist.

" Jardin d 'Enfants" they learn, among other things, to play and to The "Y." in Serbia laugh, to weave and to sew and to T HE Y. M. C. A. movement in make baskets. Books are in great Serbia has made a valuable condemand for those who can read. Forty tribution to the life of the people, young women, most of them from through the work of Prof. George America, are engaged in this work Arandjelovitch who resigned his chair which is supported by voluntary con- of language and literature in the Uni- tributions. For further information, versity to develop Y. M. C. A. work. address Miss Helen Watts, Secretary, The task during the past year has 166 Montague Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. been to consolidate in strategic cen- ters, which are already becoming Danish Missions radiating points of inspiration and T HE report of the Danish Mission- service. The intense religious Slav ary Society for 1920 shows that temperament and the growing na- this society supports in India 15 or- tional spirit which sees the dreams of'

dained missionaries, 13 women mis- five centuries approaching realization, sionaries, 2 medical missionaries (1 have responded to the appeal of the- male and 1 female) and 240 native movement in a marked way, and the workers among whom 8 are ordained situation is bright with vast possibil- ministers. During the year there ities.

were 110 adult baptisms. In the schools there are 3,238 children, 2,597 The New Churc.h in Prussia A of whom are non-Christian. A new FTER Germany had been made fr republic, the states decided to sepstation has been opened in Cuddalore. In China there are 19 ordained pas- arate Church and State. In the Emtors, 2 unordained secretaries, 1 col- pire there were twenty-two state lege professor and 1 agricultural churches, for each constituent state' teacher, 18 women missionaries. The had its own established church. For statistics for this field are not com- the most part they were Roman Cathplete, but S01]'1e figures are given of olic but about one-third were Protest- the support raised by the natives. ant. In one or two of the Protestant According to these the natives in this states the church was Reformed, in China field have raised $8,920. The most of the others Lutheran. Ill' medical work seems to be flourishing. Prussia the State Evangelical Church Move to Solve Immigrant Problem combined the Lutheran and the Re- formed. On September 24 the Synod T HE Methodist Foreign Mission of the National Church of the old Board has established at Naples a province of Brandenburg assembled Bureau intended to prepare for emi- in Berlin to take up the question of gration those who look forward to the future of the Prussian National American citizenship. There they will Church. It is now free from the su- be. taught the language and spirit of premacy of the state and a board America and something of economic of three ministers holds the authority.

and social conditions, and at the same It was difficult for the Socialist gov- time they will have the advantage of ernment to find a sufficient number'

the physical equipment, which in- of evangelical ministers for the places, cludes gymnasium, baths, and instruc- so much out of sympathy are the'

tion in athletics. Church and the Socialists. The It is to be hoped that those who church authority henceforth rests in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the hands of the National Church such as church marriage, baptism of committee. children and the receiving of Holy Communion on their deathbed. A Religious Education in Bulgaria great number of Christian brother- hoods have of late sprung up in Petro- GREAT progren has been made in grad, founded on charity and brother- Bulgaria since American mission- ly love, everything being shared in ary work was established there sixty common. They hold prayer meetings years ago. A fin" educational system and religious philosophic debates. has been developed and the present state of literacy is high. Of the men Christian Work. drafted into the army, only five per cent were illiterate. Help for Starving Russia "Why should we have mission HE number of men, women and schools when the government system is so good ¥" asks Mrs. Herbert King, T children who are actually face to formerly of Samokov: "Because there is no religious, moral or even m face with starvation R".lssia is estiethical teaching. Parents realize that something more than book knowledge mated at 15,000,000. The area afis gained in the AmericaL schools, fected by famine conditions is twice and they are most glad to send to as large as the states of New England, them. A number of orthodox priests New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl. send to our schools. The orth0dox vania combined, and has about the church is an offshoot of the Greek same population as these states- Catholic Church, full of dead formal· 30,000,000. ism. Our services are well att('nded cyerywhere. " The first relief efforts have been di- rected to saving the 5,000,000 chil- The Russian Church and BVLllhevism dren, only 2,000,000 of whom are said to have been provided for by the A RUSSIAN writer in the Church vario.us agencies at work. Colonel Times describes a strong religious Haskell, who is in charge of the Amermovement with a peculiar character ican Relief Administration in Russia, of its own which has developed in cabled on December 17: "Conditions Moscow and Petrograd during the are growing worse by leaps and past year. Its leaders are mostly bounds. I am thoroughly convinced young parish priests and members of that half of the population of the the intelligentsia. The new type of Tartar Republic will starve before the priest is a strong adherent to the idea eL.d of winter. Unless the outside of an independent church, and holds world awakpl1s to conditions, I doubt himself aloof from political plots and if we shall save more than half the organizations. At the same time he is cLildren we are feeding today." a staunch democrat and in most cases is opposed to the Soviet government. The pr<;blem is so great the Soviet He frequently speaks against the Government cannot begin to cope with abuses of the existing regime, but the it, and even the grant by the Amer· Bolsheviks are obliged to tolerate such iCal) Congress of $20,000,00 for the speeches, for the struggle between the purchase of grain does not offset the Bolsheviks and the Church has ended need of private charity. in the victory of the latter. The Bolsheviks no longer dare attack religion. Rev. Jerome Davis, of Dartmouth College, who visited Russia last sum· The strong anti-religious current of mer, writes in The Congregationalist two years ago has almost disappeared, of the opportunities for spiritual and and an ever-increasing number of social help that are calling to Amer- Commullists observe religious rites, ican Christians. The church is more popular than before the revolution, he says, in spite of Bolshevik hostility, and its leaders would welcome new methods WIth whIch to llleet the new

aspirations and longings of the Recruiting for the Home Field masses. A NEW organization which plans NORTH AMERICA to work along the lines followed by the' Stud('nt Volunteer Movement Student Volunteers for Foreign Missions, has been formed as the result of action taken in 1920 D URING 1921 the Foreign Mission by the Home Mission Council and the Boards of North America ac- Council c,f Women for Home Missions, cepted and sent to the mission fields instructing the Committee on Recruit- 595 Student Volunteers-the largest ing for the Home Mission Force to number sent out in any year since the ,'take steps for organizing methods movement was inaugurated in 1886. and developing means for the pnlist- This is in spite of the financial diffi- ment of young men and women for culties under which the Boards and Christian service in the horne field." their supporters are laboring. These Miss Jessie Dodge White, Oberlin, new missionaries were appointed to 1916, has been chosen as secretary. over twenty different countries by 74 different Protestant missionary so- American Jewish Population cieties. O UR JEW1SH NEIGHBORS says Among the 8,742 volunteers who that one quarter of the Jewish have sailed for their mission fields population of the world is in the in the past thirty-five years are many United States. It now numbers 3,- present day leaders such as Bis~op 750,000, though in 1800 there were Roots of China, Dr. Zwemer of CaIro, only 3,000 Jews in America. Jewish Dr. Wanless of India. Dr. John M. people have made their home in every Springer of Central Africa and Dr. state and territory, and there are more Paul Harrison of Arabia. Also Jews in New York City, which claims among the leaders working for. mis- 1,750,000, than there are in Asia, sions in America who received their Africa, South America, Australia and stimulus from this movement are Dr. Great Britain combiued. Stephen J. Corey, Robert E. Speer, Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Fennell P. Methodist World Program Turner, Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Sherwood Eddy, Dr. T. B. Ray, Rev. T HE national conference of the Thomas S. Donahue, and Rev. Enoch Methodist Episcopal Church, reo F. Bell. cently held in Detroit, Mich., and attended by nearly 3,000 ministerial The movement was born in answer and lay delegates, devoted itself to prayer and in obedience to the almost entirely to the giving of in- Word of God. It is conducted in formation and to the statement and prayer and its fruitage is the product defense of various principles and of spiritual forces. Mission study, points of view with reference to the Bible study, prayer and the em- work at home and abroad rather than phasis on the privilege of giving of to a discussion of the immediate aplife and money are the methods by plication of any campaign or method which the leaders have been able to of education. It sought to show the bring about such noteworthy results. important position in which the de- Robert P. Wilder, who was one of the nomination had been placed as a result first traveling secretaries of the move- of the impetus given her missionary ment and. was later a missionary in and benevolence work by the Centen- India, is now the general secretary, ary Movement. with headquarters at 25 Madison Avenue, New York. The expenses are The Board of Foreign Missions, at met by voluntary offerings. its annual meeting in New York, adopted a budget carrying total ap- propriations of $5,409,912, of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

:$4,466,805 is authorized for mission- organized, a similar movement had ary work in foreign fields. The bal- brought together three Norwegian .ance of $943,107 comprises $600,000 Lutheran organizations into one body for board obligations and $343,107 -the Norwegian Lutheran Church of for administration. America.

Presbyterian Union Postponed These unions paved the way for the organization of what is known as the F OR years negotiations for unIon National Lutheran Council, consist- have been going on between the ing of the two united bodies already various Presbyterian and Reformed described, and certain independent churches of the United States. The synods, English, German, Swedish, last proposition laid before the Norwegian, Danish, Finnish,'and Ice- -churches was a "Constitution of the landic, fifteen in number. Reformed Presbyterian Churches in America." Christian Advocate.

At a meeting held in Richmond, One Denomination's Gifts Va., November 30, 1921, the repre- "Sentatives of the churches came to the T HE Seventh-Day Adventists make conclusion that one group would be it a regular practice not only to satisfied with nothing short of a com- tithe, but to give free-will offerings plete union of all churches into one as well. The results of such giving Church and that the other group, are shown in the following figures: while desiring closer relations, did not The funds increased from $8,577,- think it best for the several churches 050.86 in 1919 to $11,854,404.23 in to surrender their autonomy. As the 1920, a gain of $3,277,353.37 in one churches are already cooperating year. Of this amount, $7,195,463.04 heartily under the Articles of Agree- was given in tithes and $4,658,941.19 ment of the Council of Reformed in offerings for home and foreign mis- Churches, and as some of the com- sion work. The denominational memmittees felt that the proposed con- bership in 1920 was 185,450, and the stitution for federal union is in no per capita contribution $63.92 for all marked respect an advance on the religious purposes. Articles of Agreement, it was finally voted that the proposed Constitution Monument to a Mother's Prayers be referred to the separate committees for such action as they might deem A NEW $300,000 Cadle Tabernacle wise, and that meanwhile the churches in Indianapolis, Ind., with a continue to cooperate under the pres- -ent plan. seating capacity of 10,000 was erected Lutheran Union a Success hy E. Howard Cadle, as a memorial T HE largest union of denomina- of his mother's prayers for him. tions ever known in the United States took place less than three years Seven years ago Mr. Cadle was a ago, and has proved a wonderful success. Three of the older Lutheran penniless outcast, and by the grace bodies, the General Synod, the General Council and the United Synod, South, of God in answer to his mother's formed the United Lutheran Church in America, a body of almost 800,000 prayers, he provides in this way for members, with about 2,800 ministers and 3,775 churches. the proclamation of the Good News A year before this union of English- which saved him. Gospel services are speaking Lutheran bodies had been to be held in the building every Sun- day afternoon. Continent.

Colored Y. M. C. A. Conference T HE Colored Men's Department of the Young Meti's Christian Asso- ciations of North America held at Cincinnati, 0., in December a sig- nificant national conference, the first since 1909. Representatives were

present from twenty-eight states, both eling its church and enlarging its white and colored leaders took part, seating capacity. and cooperation and good will were the keywords of the gathering. In In Guatemala City, a $35,000 the twelve years since the last con- church has been completed and the ference the number of associations same mission board is spending about within the department has grown to $60,000 more on a school building for 174 and the membership to 33,000. girls and a hospital. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago has given over $300,000 and twelve mod- The significance of these various ern city association buildings for col- efforts is being recognized by the ored men are valued at nearly Vatican, which, according to a San $2,000,000. Salvador newspaper, is seeking closer relations with Central America, "for LATIN AMERICA the purpose of counteracting the ac- tive propaganda that Protestants are Opportunity in the Virgin Islands developing in these countries."

T HESE islands, latest acquisition Argentine S. S. Convention of the United States, have been successively held by English, Dutch, I N order to attend the first national Spanish, French and Danish. Colored Sunday-school convention in Arpeople outnumber the whites ten to gentina, some of the delegates travone, and there is a noticeable form eled 800 miles to Buenos Aires. The of caste among them. Morals among inspiring program, under the directhe working class are low. tion of Bishop J. F. Oldham and Rev. George P. Howard, of the World 'g There are only nineteen public S. S. Association, made them feel that schools on the three islands, St. the journey had been well worth while. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix. In Eighty voices composed the special the rural districts the children some- convention chorus, which was heartily times walk three or four miles to applauded. school. In some of these schools the children have no desks, and the sup- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ply of textbooks is meager. The spiritual need is even greater. The A Union SeDlinary for Manila family altar is scarcely known among church members, and religion is a SIX Protestant Mission Boards, inlifeless, formal affair. The cosmo- terested in the Union Theological politan character of the population Seminary in Manila, are the Methodist is 'largely responsible for conditions. Episcopal (North), the Congrega- On at least two of the islands there tional, Presbyterian (North), Baptist are Jews, Indian coolies, Africans, ,(North), Protestant Episcopal. and Scotch, Irish, Danes and the native Disciples. Representatives of these mixed race. boards met in New York on Decem- ber 7th to discuss the plans for the Progress in Central ADlerica seminary for which the Rev. Frank C. Laubach of the American Board, MISSIONARY work in Central has recently secured $35,000 for suit- America has made notable ad- able buildings. vances during the past few years. One mission board sent eight workers An American Committee on Cointo Costa Rica this year. Another operation in the Philippine Islands mission is building a $22,000 church is to be formed, composed of Mission in San Salvador, and has a $5,000 Board representatives, and a program property for school purposes. In is to be outlined for a Junior College Nicaragua, another mission is remod- in connection with the Union Sem- inary, to prepare students for their theological course.

MISSIONAll.Y

Xunter Corbett: Fifty-six Years a Mis- United Christian Missionary Society. sionary in China. By James R. E. As his society has the most important Craighead. Il!us. 224 pp. New York, work on the Tibetan borderland and The Revell Press. 1921. as its missionaries there have supplied many details not accessible for or- Many Americans have listened to dinary readers, the book has an unthe gaunt, tall, apostolic hero of Shan- usual background, especially since tung, as he has held large audiences that land of altitudes is so little with stories of China and of his own known. The environment is sketched work in winning his province for with unusual accuracy, and the hold Christ. When in his seventy-first that the self-denying missionary docyear he was made Moderator of the tor has over its hostile people is General Assembly of the Presbyterian rightly estimated. Polyandry as it Church in the United States of Amer- prevails in Tibet is for the first time ica, despite the fact that he had four introduced into a novel, so far as the stalwart competitors, he reached the reviewer knows; and the heroine's acme of his fame among the home manner of meeting it as a personal churches. problem is suggestive as to the way to oppose it. The bandit leader, But it was in China that Dr. Cor- Lozong, exhibits the reality of a bett was at his best. There for fifty- Buddhist's religion which has in it six years he did a work which very some points of nobility. His confew have equaled in that land. His version through Sylvia Lambert's biographer takes up comprehensively conceptions of Christian womanhood all phases of his diversified career, and the character of the true love of but somehow fails to depict the real one man for one woman, are well preman and to reveal his true greatness. sented; and the supplemental in- Whether this is because of the lim- struction in Christian teaching supited space given to details of his work, plied by Dr. Raymond fills out his or a mechanical view taken of a spirit- rudimentary catechumenship. Loual dynamo, one can hardly tell. Not- zong's true nobility in sundering his withstanding such defects, we have relationship with his brothers, and his here the varied chronicle of a preacher final act of dying in behalf of his and itinerant, a teacher and trainer Christian friends fill out the sketch of assistants, an author of important of the Buddhist-Christian hero. books, a promoter of missionary interest at home, of a tireless note-taker who thus furnished valuable data for the history of Missions in Shantung, Life and Letters of Toru Dutt. By and of a man who loved his large and Haribar Das. Bvo. 364 pp. Illususeful family whom he brought up trated. 15 sh. Humphrey Milford, "in the nurture and admonition of Oxford University Press. London, 1921- the Lord." Dr. Corbett was an un- One of the most remarkable Hindu usual man and a very unusual worker women of modern times was Toru who deserves to be known and hon- Dutt, the youngest daughter of Govin ored. Chunder Dutt, distinguished as a Out Where the World :Begins. By Abe Government servant and for his liter- Cory. 225 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran ary attainments. He was one of the foremost of his countrymen to pro- Company, New York. 1921.

This is the second missionary novel mote the great revolution in educa- written by Secretary Cory of the tion whereby the English language 155

became the medium of higher educa- standing among European scholars.

tion in India. He became a Christian, In the midst of her work she fell a with all his family, and they became victim to tubercular consumption and the mainstay of the Christian Church with Christian resignation obeyed the to which they belonged. In later call of her Saviour to enter into rest.

years Govin Chunder and his wife Mademoiselle Bader thus sums up were associated with the Oxford Mis- Toru's character: "Her letters re- sion. To further the education of vealed a frankness, seni>5.bility and their children, the parents braved the charming goodness and simplicity, " Black Waters," took their son and which endeared her to me, and two daughters to England where they showed me the native qualities of the came in touch with earnest Christians Hindu woman developed and trans- who greatly aided them in their formed by the Christian civilization studies. They went to France to of Europe." E. M. W.

escape the rigor of the English winter and there Toru, one of the daughters, The Foreign Relations of China. By acquired a wonderful knowledge of Mingghien Joshua Bau, M.A., Ph.D. French literature, especially of 8vo, 508 pp. $4.00. Fleming Revell poetry. From her childhood, she was Company. 1921. a brilliant student and inherited the poetic gift from her father. The character and influence of the student class in China ought to be more generally understood. In Amer- The biographer tells of the mar- ica, the political opinions and influvelous achievements of Toru and of ences of college and universIty stuher sister Aru. He gives details of dents are not considered an apprecithe long correspondence of Toru with able factor in national affairs. Stuher French and English teachers dents are simply so many voters who showing the wonderful grasp of her are cultivated by politicians like intellect and the marvelous amount other voters. Even after graduation it of literary work accomplished. In is extremely rare, and even then only 1871 the family went to Cambridge in the case of a man of the Roosevelt where Toru and her sister attended type, for a man in his twenties to be lectures for women. With the train- taken into serious account. In China, ing thus acquired Toru returned with however, just the opposite is true, the family to India and gave herself Between the huge mass of ignorant to literary work. In 1876. she per- and indiil'erent toilers below and the mitted the publication of some 200 corrupt and effeminate official class poems entitled, "A Sheaf Gleaned above, the student class stands as a in French Fields." A few copies of vocal and aggressive force. In Japan, the book fell into the hands of Eng- the spirit of the modern world first lish and French scholars who brought touched the men of the higher classes, the poems to the notice of the literary and it is gradually working down to public. The astonishing thing is that the masses beneath, millions of whom a girl of eighteen years should write are still comparatively untouched. In and translate such poetry in two for- China, however, the spirit of the eign languages, with such elegant modern world first touched the boys style as would seem to be native to and girls of the middle classes through both. Hers was a life lived on earth the schools and colleges maintained and yet ever bordering on the by the Protestant missionaries from heavenly, and her journals and letters the West. Eagerly they turned their disclose a character of singular faces from the dead past to the living sweetness and purity. At the age of present and the brightening future.

twenty she had mastered the Sans- With few exceptions, the older of- krit, and had entered upon a literary ficials are utterly hopeless. China's career which gave ·her a recognized future is in the hands of these young

THE MISSONARY LIBRARY

men. All four of the principal Chi- FREE AIl Char,es Prepaid nese Delegates to the Conference on Subject to EDllliaatioa the Limitations of Armaments in Washington are of this type. Easiest Reading The book now under consideration Bible is written by a Chinese student, only twenty-seven years old, who, after graduating from the Tsing Hua College in China, took post graduate courses in Yale, Columbia, and Johns Hopkins' Universities, winning the Carnegie Endowment International Law Fellowship. One would hardly expect a weighty discussion of a weighty theme by a twenty-seven year old American student, but this is just what this Chinese student has presented. He has given us a history and survey of the foreign relationS of China with a thoroughness, an intelligence, and a sanity of judgment that would do credit to an experienced statesman. Official documents are referred to, exact facts are given, the material is conveniently arranged, and the English style is admirable. There are five luminous chapters on a foreign policy for China. This book is valuable both for its inherent merit and for its significant illustration of the spirit and promise of the rising generation in China.

Playing Square with Tomorrow. By Fred Eastman. 12mo. 146 pp. Council of Women for Home Missions, New York. 1921.

Young America, at the cross roads between self interest and service, examines the situation at home, in the community and elsewhere to discover the present need and opportunity. The author states principles and marshals facts, together with numerous quotations from well known leaders. The book contains many striking incidents, and will appeal especially to young people who have already awakened to the need for devoting their talents to the service or others. The emphasis here is laid on the need of cities and towns in America for moral and religious improvement.

Please mention TBlC MrsS10NARY RlWntw OF TH"( WORI,.D in writing to advertisers. PERSONALS Montgomery Ward &Co. REV. TITUS LOWE. D.D., pastor of the First M. E. C4urch, Omaha, Neb., has been Chicago, U. S. A. elected to succeed Dr. S. Earl Taylor as a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions WIll send you free upon request the of the Methodist Episcopal Church. complete 50th Anniversary catalogue of general merchandise. This book *•* will bring you the full advantage of all our Fifty Years experience in cre- MRS. F. S. BRONSON, secretary of the ating low prices on goods of standard Woman's Union Missionary Society, sailed serviceable quality. from New York in October to spend a year in visiting the st:tio..ns .of that society. Our Export Department is shipping regularly to all parts of the world DR. MICHAELIS, a prominent Christian OUR MISSIONARY BUREAU layman, is the new president of the German attends to the assembling, packing, and Student Federation, an organization made shipping of missionary baggage, and up of 120,000 students in thirty-six uni. supplies. Save money by taking advantage of our low foreign freight . "ersities and a part of the World's Student rates. Ask for our Missionary CirculorNI).50H. Christian Federation.

Our customers order from us abso- REV. DONALD FRASER, of British Central lutely without risk. Africa, has been nominated as Moderator· designate of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland for 1922.

*** MRs. THOMAS NICHOLSON succeeds Mrs. W. F. McDowell as president of the Worn· an's Foreign Missionary Soeiety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Like her predecessor in that office, Mrs. Nicholson is the wife of a bishop.

We guarantee safe delivery of DR. CHAS. E. BURTON, formerly general our merchandise secretary of the Congregational National Council, is the new executive secretary of anywhere in the world the Congregational World Movement, suc- ceeding Rev. H. F. Swartz, D.D., who has Colored Slides accepted the presidency of the Pacinc for School of Religion in Berkeley, California.

Illustrated Lectures~ * Rental Service FRED B. SMITH, the well-known lay evan· gelist, has recently started on an eight· Stereoscopic Tours of month's tour of Europe and Asia in the all Countries interest of international peace and Chris· tian evangelization. He took with him '"i1'i1'"i1 letters from forty·six state governors ex· pressing their belief in disarmament and in prohibition as permanent American policies. Governor Edwards of New Jersey was the only one disapproving of prohibition.

*•"

DR. A. L. SHELTON returned to Tibet in the fall, accompanied by two new families. In the spring Dr. Shelton expects to visit Lhassa, in response to an invitation from . the Dalai Lama, and to carry medical and other supplles to last two years. REV. HERSCHEL K. COHN, of Asheville, Keystone View Company, N. C., less thau two years ago a student in a Jewish theological seminary,. has been appointed by the Department of Home Mis· Incorporated sion/I of the Southern Methodist Church to evangelistic work among the Jews in the MEADVILLE, PA. South.

** REV. D. STUART DODGE, D.D., died in New The Slide and Stereoscopic Department York City on December 17, in his eighty· of Underwood & Underwood. Inc.. has sixth year. He was a son of the late Wil· been purchased by Keystone. liam E. Dodge, and kept up the family tradition of active interest in many forms of Christian work, including the presidency of the National Temperance Society.

Please mention TUle MISSIONARY Run:w or THE WORl.D in writing to advertisers. Study Bible No~!

BetterThan College Course William Lyon Phelps, A. M., Ph. D., professor of English language and literature, Yale University, says: "I thoroughly belil!fle in Q unilJef'silyeducation JUI both men and women; but I belie1Je Q knowl- edge oj the Bible without Q college course is mUle flaluafjle than a college course without tke Bible.

"Euery one who has a thorough knowledge oj tke Bible may truly be called educated; and n9 tJt.heT learning UI culture. no matter how exlemire UI' elegant. conform a proper su~litute."

And former President Roosevelt said: "Toeveryman whofaces Bfe withrealdeeire toc1ohiapartineverything,lappealforaatud,. ofthe Bibl… Nobookofanykindeverwrittea …. aD affected the whole life of a peopl….

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1919

Laymen's Cou.ncil

THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, Ediwr.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-THE WILLIAM BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA SIGNS OF THE TIMES . 81 THE NEW CHURCH MISSIONARY AU,IANCE SOCIAL REFORM IN PORTO RICO HOPE FOR CHINESil hLITERATES A JEWISH AMERICAN CONGRESS THE MISSIONARIES 'I'o REJUlENA'I'E TURKEY EDITORIAL COMMENT . 87 THE HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFJiRENCES THE Y. M. C. A. UNDER FIRE CHINA AND 'I'HE VA'I'ICAN CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS By PROF. W. REGINALD WHEE1;ER 91 An illuminating article by the author of "China m,d the World War," a professor in Hangchow Christian College, showing what has been the in- fluence of the war on China, alld the consideration this republic should have at the Peace Conference.

THE WAR'S CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN UNITY By PROF. WM. ADAMS BROWN, D. D. 97 A clear and inspiring statement of the influence of the war in bringing about a closer cooperation between the various denominations.

AFRICAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR. . By JOHN H. HARRIS 103 Author of "Dawn in Darkest Africa," an authority on social and moral questions in Africa, who "eviews the steps that should ve taken to develop Africa with the re-establishment of peace.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. . By REV. CHARLES E. SCoTT 109 One of the most realistic writers on China describes the faithfulness of Chinese Christians under persecution, not only in BO!rer days but today.

THE WILLIAM BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA By GEORGE E. KING, M. D. 115 THE MIAU MEN OF CHINA. . By J. FRANKLIN KELLY, M. D. 118 ENCOURAGING SIGNS IN LATIN AMERICA. By REV. S. G. INMAN 119 THE OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS TO THE JEWS . By REv. S. B. ROHOI,D 123 SHALL CHINA HAVE AN ALPHABET? . By PROF. H. P. BEACH 127 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 131 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. W. H. FARMER 137 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS . 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY – . 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copynghted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter. at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:- COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY.

ROllER'!' E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAI,TER McDoUGAI,I" Treasurer EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT THE REVIEW AND THE Him in intercession that the Holy UNITED CAMPAIGN Spirit may impart His shower of blessing there. The 'News from For many years the REVIEW has Many Lands' in the REVIEW has been consistently stood for cooperative ef- an aid to me. Many difficulties in fort in missionary work at home and the way of suffering Love and Judgabroad. We have sought to present ment have been cleared up. I have the world as a whole, with its needs found much use to be made of the and open doors for the Gospel of Imprecatory Psalms." . Christ. We have opposed overlapping, waste of energy and money by Is not this a practical suggestion failure to develop a unified program of great value to other readers? and to employ the methods which Many are using the magazine as a have been found most successful by prayer calendar. various Boards. We have sought to bring the Home and Foreign mis- *** sionary campaigns together into one harmonious effort to evangelize the WHAT ARE "FELLOWSHIP world, and we have consistently ad- SUBSCRIPTIONS !" vocated the necessity of members of each denomination knowing the work The workers of a Chinese Mission of other organizations. write to us that they keenly feel the need for the REVIEW in their Today a united campaign for edu- work. Having no funds available cation and achievement is seriously they have appealed to us to send the proposed by the Home and Foreign magazine to their Reading Room. Mission Boards, and the REVIEW is This would mean that they would planning to cooperate energetically be reached with the message of the in such a campaign. The coming REVIEW, but here is our dilemma, numbers will report more thoroughly. we have many similar requests and than ever the salient facts, and show have no funds available for this the progress and the methods that good work. It is with very sincere are approved by the leaders of all regret that we express our inability evangelical churches. If you and to comply with these worthy appeals, your friends could ever afford to be and we have thought that perhaps without the REVIEW, you cannot af- REVIEW readers may be glad to help ford to do so in the months to come. if they understand the situation.

*** Vill you be a: friend to some one unable to subscribe, but who would THE REVIEW AS A PRAYER value the REVIEW as you do? The monthly visits will bring a twelve- CALENDAR fold blessing, and will carry their message of Christian fellowship. A missionary in Sivas, Turkey, Each Fellowship Subscription costs writes: "When I was laid aside by only $2.50 a year. Address the Cirsevere illness in 1913 from active culation Manager, in care of THE missionary service in Turkey, as MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, strength by the dear Lord's blessing 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. came back to me, I commenced a work of intercession which rapidly THE ANNUAL MEETING increased in 'detail and the joy of the service. It was to isolate the Risen The Annual meeting of the MIS- Lord with the various mission sta- SIONARY REVIEW Publishing Co. will tions separately, and by a careful be held in the Assembly Room of the study of the Word to' get down as Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misdeeply as possible into just what sions 156 Fifth Ave., New York, at He wants of them; then to rise with 3 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer will speak and reports will be presented. of the New Era Movement The Laymen's Council completes the organization of the New Era Move- ment. In addition to the Council the representation consists of committees from General Assembly Executive Commission Ten Boards and Agencies Women's Boards Church-at-Large The executive officers of the movement include the Moderator and Stated Clerk of General Assembly. The executive committee includes the executive officers and representatives of component organizations.

THE LAYMEN'S COUNCIL CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVE PRESBYTERIANS Henry P. Crowell, Chairman, Chicago. William Livingston, Detroit, Mich.

Han. ThomasR. Marshall, Washington, D. C. Henry Leland, Detroit, Mich.

Gov. Charles S. Whitman, Albany, N. Y. Emory W. Clark, Detroit, Mich.

Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Ind. Francis S. Phraner, Summit, N. J.

John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn. Cyrus H. McCormicl.., Chicago. 1- B. Forgan, Chicago. Alexander R. Nicol, New York City.

Edwin M. Bulkley, New York City. John V. Farwell, Chicago.

Arthur Curtiss James, New York City. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago.

James H. Post, New York City. Robert J obnston, St. Louis, Mo.

James N. Jarvie, New York City. James B. Welcb, Kansas City, Mo.

Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia. Nelson H. Loomis, Omaha, Neb.

John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. D. D. Dayton, Minneapolis, Minn.

Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. John Porter, Spokane, Wash.

Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. William M. Ladd, Portland, Ore.

., A. H. Whitford, Buffalo, N. Y. Robert Dollar, San Rafael, Cal W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N Y. A. H. Jobnson, San Francisco, Cal. D. S. Alexander, Buffalo, N. Y. John Willis Baer, Pasadena, Cal.

William A. Harbison, Pittsburgh. D. B. Gamble, Pasadena, Cal.

Wilson A. Shaw, Pittsburgh. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas.

James G. McNary, EI Paso, Texas. Wilbur P. Manley, Sioux City, Iowa.

Sereno P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio.

The Council, though an advisory body, has already taken a very active part in the operation of the New Era Movement. It held its first meeting at general offices (I56 Fifth Avenue, New York) November 19, with a representa- tive attendance and perfected certain plans and made other recommendations which vitally affect the stability of the movement.

. THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT, of the Prwb;yterlan Ohurch ID the U. S. A..

166 FIUh Avcmue, No York.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY lbcVICW o~ THC WOR~D in writing to advertisers Important Items of news from the present 'Iumber of the ~VIJlW. suitable for use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings 1. A Woman's Police Reserve Corps has been formed in Porto Rico to assist in a "Clean Up Campaign" on the whole Island. "Four Minute Men" are busy rais- ing a fund to initiate industrial work for the women rounded up in the Courts. (See page 81) 2. Mohammedanism seems to be breaking down in North Africa. Seven thousand miles of railways, irrigation and military discipline promise to make the land of Carthage again a factor in world civilization. (See page 83) 3. A Chinese student, returning from America after having received the degree of Ph. D. was faced with the alternatives of using his education to make a for- tune or to accept a meager salary in Christian service. He chose the latter because his father, mother, brother and sister chose death rather than deny their faith at the time of the Boxer outbreak. (See page 91) 4. The solution of all material reconstruction in Africa is a land solution, and public opinion is beginning to realize that oppression practiced upon the child races of' the world is an unerring boomerang. (See page 103) S. The sufferings which came upon the Chinese Christians in 1900 were greater only in degree than which today are often visited upon those who boldly come out and confess Christ. The tricks and devices of fellow-villagers to humiliate and torture a Christian neighbor are numberless. (See page 109) 6. San Marcos University in Lima, Peru, founded in 1551 and therefore the oldest university in America, has recently done the unprecedented thing of conferring the degree of Doctor of Letters on John A. Mackay, a young Scotch mission- ary. (See page 119) 7. The El Mercurio of Valparaiso, one of the leading dailies of South America, had the chapter on Chile from the Report of Protestant Missions in Latin America translated and printed in its entirety, in spite of the former conservative policy of the. editor not to deal in any way with Protestant missions. (See page 119) 8. A Confucian teacher in a private school of Tientsin, China, brought his entire school with twenty-five students under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, introduced the mission curriculum and is teachinj;( at $6 a month. (See page 142) 9. In 1916, tile number of children working in factories in India was 15,780. A more universal enlightenment will do away with economic serfdom for little children, and as a measure in this direction the Methodist missionary leaders will place thirteen hundred more teachers in the India field. (See page 146)

• HAWAII Hospital in

A MAP OF THE CONTENTS …

OUR VIEW OF THE WORLD IN THIS NUMBER .

L£ADING ARTICLES AND EDITOIUA1.5 AREJNPlCATED BY TlTI.£S TKE HUMBER or NE.WS rrEMS ON EA.CH cOUNTRY IS JNltICA.TED • BY AJtMIC NUMERAlS

OF A YOUNG MAN'S CONTRIBUTION TOWARD CHINA'S

General View of the William Borden Memorial Hospital. in Kansuh, Western China. The central block with the Men's In-patient Department is at the left and Women's Department at the right. The two doctor's houses are between. The Yellow River is in the foreground.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. FEBRUARY, 1919 NIlMBIlK XLII Two SIGNS OF nm TIlvlES A NEW INTER-CHURCH MISSIONARY ALLIANCE C AN the Protestant churches of North .America do team work~ Is the church able to furnish a leadership for peace as clear- visioned and courageous as the leadership the nations have furnished for war ~ Have the churches of Christ as much in common as the nations that have fought against autocracyT If so, will they move forward under a unified command, consenting for the sake of their cause to sink minor differences, and merge their resources in a mighty, sustained and united drive for humanity and the Kingdom of God on earth 1 Has the time come to project Christ's work on a world scale? Is it possible to finance peace as thoroughly as we have financed wad Has the hour struck which challenges the Church to its supreme effort to redeem the world'

These were some of the questions which were considered in the Conferences of Representatives of Home and Foreign Mission Boards, when one hundred and fifty men alid women gathered in New York on.December 17th in response to the invitation sent out by the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States.

At the conclusion of the discussion the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: "Moved, that it be the sense of this meeting that there should be a united campaign in behalf of the missionary and benevolent work of the evangelical churches· of North America, as represented by their organized national boards or agencies and such affiliated interdenominational agencies as it may be found wise to include after further conference.

"Moved, that the chair appoint a committee of fifteen, of which the chair shall be one, for the purpose of preparing a plan, to be il

submitted. to the Home Missions Council and the Foreign Missions Conference in -January, 1919.

"Moved, that this committee be requested to arrange if possible for a joint meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Foreign Missions Conference and such other agencies as would naturally be involved, when a plan as presented by this committee and revised by the conference may be submitted for final approvaL"

This movement may mean a new era for the Church, and if for the Church, certainly for the world. The restraints of autocratic government have been shattered; but if civilization is to be rebuilt, nobler restraints must take their place. Men must acquire selfcontrol, and individuals and nations must be led to relate themselves in terms of the Golden Rule. Only thus can. we hope for a better world.

What does this mean but that the Church and its message are absolutely essential to the new orded There can be no permane~t peace unless men obey the law of good-will. This means that the Church faces its biggest opportunity. If it is to meet the hour, it must project its work on a larger scale than any it has yet attempted. The clock has struck for the Church of God. Can she campaign on a world scale 1 Will she take her eyes off the past and look toward the moruing7 Will she be intenntiomJ and cosmopolitan, or provincial and sectarian 7 Have the Protestant churches of North America enough statesmanship among their l(>aders today to create an alli:mce to save civilization and establish the Kingdom?

HOPE FOR CHINESE ILLITERATES T IE most difficult language in the world to read and write is probably the Chinese. Its words are all of one syllable, and in the Mandarin, which is the spoken language throughout all but the three southeastern provinces, there are only about four hun- dred and fifty sounds to represent the forty or fifty thousand chaJ;- acters in the dictionary. Each sound, therefore, represents many different words. An educated man must be able to read and write from four to six thousand words, and, as China has had no alphabet, the form of each word must be learned separately. 'fheir compon- ent parts often suggest, but are no adequate guide as to the pro- nunciation or the meaning of words. .

Missionary educators, who have had long expf'rienee in China, estimate that to learn to read and write their mother tongue con- stitutes a handicap of not less than two years' time in the education of all Chinese boys and girls. In a nation where the struggle for the mere necessities of existence is so exacting, it is, therefore, not strange that the great mass of the people are unable to read and write. This illiteracy constitutes one of the most serious problems

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

which face the Christian movement in China. Protestant missionaries have from the beginning laid great stress on education and have done their best to teach all Christians and enquirers to read the Bible. Nevertheless in China as a whole, probably one-half of the Christian constituency cannot read even the simpler parts of the Bible with understanding. It is pathetic to see men and women, who, after years of painstaking effort have learned to pronounce correctly the sounds of the words, fail to understand the meaning of what they have read.

Now a new era seems to be dawning, since we are told the astounding fact that an illiterate adult of average intelligence can learn to read with fluency and understanding in three or four weeks! In many parts of North China missionaries have -seen this miracle with their own eyes in hundreds of cases. A man walks into the London Missionary Society Hospital at Psangtsangchow for an operation. While he Jies on his cot recovering from the disease, an evangelist teaches him to read the Bible by means of a new system of writing, and 10, in three weeks' time this man, who was unable to read a line when he entered the hospital, walks out, not only cured of his disease, but able to read with ease anything in the Gospel that has been given him to take home!

An aged woman long past the years when there seems any hope of her ever being able to learn to rC'ad, becomes interested in Christianity and joins an enquirer's class in the neighboring mission station. Day by day a part of the instruction consists in teaching her to read this new system, and a few weeks later when she rpturns to her village, home she is the wonder and admiration of all, because she, too, is able to read intelligently from the little books which she has carried back with her.

This miracle that is now witnessed all over China is made possible by the invention of a system of phonetic writing adopted a few years ago by the Chinese Government Boarn of Education. Their system is composed of some twenty-four initials, twelve finaJs, and three medial vowel sounds. The symbols which are easily learned. resemble parts of Chinese characters, and are written in vertical columns. The symbols always have the same sound and any word in the language can thus be written by means of an initial and a final with or without a connecting vowel. Teachers can master the system in a few hours and even people of no education can learn to use it in a few days or weeks.

Under the leadership of the China Continuation Committee, pastors and educators, as WE'll as missionaries, have unanimously recommended the widespread teaching of the system throughout the Church, and a simultaneous drive for a literate Christianconstituency has been started and leaders expect to make· effective use of this new system in teaching non-Christians. By this means at last

the great masses of China's four hundred million people, and not simply the favored few, can be reached through Christian literature. The significance of these facts can hardly be overstated at the present time, when China is trying to reform her Government and to take her place amongst the great democracies of the world.

THE MISSIONARIES TO REJUVENATE TURKEY T HE outlook for the territories that were Turkish is bright for the coming year on account of the return of the missionary force that has been detained so long on this side, reinforced by as many recruits as can be obtained to fill up the gaps in their ranks and to undertake some of the new opportunities opening up there. Reconstruction will be the first great problem. Many adjustments of population may be expected, involving in some cases a radical change in missionary occupation and policy. The center of evangelistic effort shifts from the Armenian population to the Moslem; but the Armenian Evangelical Church will need fostering and cooperation for some time to come, since so large a portion of its leaders have been martyred. Pastors, preachers, professors, teachers, physicians and strong business men will be sorely missed. There is in America a body of capable and trained leaders, some of whom will probably go back to their people now. The Armenian evangelical forces all over the world will gradually be able to care for their own communities, allowing the missionary force to give its attention elsewhere.

Doubtless the aid and sympathy given the Greeks in their oppression and deportation will help to open doors of access to them throughout the Near East. The Greek civil authorities in Salonica have shown marked favor toward the Americans there; and the Athens Government has been friendly. Much needs to be done for the spiritual uplift of the Greeks of Asia Minor, to save them from the grip of materialism. Their own clergy they quite universally despise, except as they may be patriotic leaders; yet their Christian inheritance is rich and these Greeks can and will be brought back to the Saviour again, and to view things from the spiritual rather than the nationalistic angle.

But the greatest opportunity is for active work directly for Moslems. The remarkable instances, even during this so-called Holy War, of Moslems openly accepting Christ or secretly coming to study the Way, point to a readiness for Christian teaching which is challenging. Statistics of the two great Bible Societies just before the war broke out, show a constantly increasing sale of Bible and Scripture portions to Moslems. And the chastening, humiliating effect of defeat has been seen in the attitude of the Turk toward his Christian neighbors. Once the vicious and irreligious political

OF TItE TIMES 8S

leaders are removed, there should be no insuperable obstacle to the direct access of the Gospel to Turk, Kurd, Circassian and Arab. The experiences of the Reformed Church Arabian Mission have shown a wonderful opening for contact with the Arab tribes of the east coast region of Arabia. God grant it may not now be long ere even the holy cities of Mecca and Medina may be opened to the messengers of Christ.

SOCIAL REFORMS IN PORTO RICO M ISSIONARY work in Latin America was never so encourag- ing as at present. The World War not only brought all America closer to the United States, but it revealed the deep need of the right kind of religion, and an openmindedness in its seeking that is surprising. Another benefit of the war has been the light thrown on the social vices and the need for a new attitude toward these sins in Latin America. The following incidents are only a few of the many that show the new era in mission work among our Southern neighbors.

The military training camps in Porto Rico, with their vigorous measures against immorality within a ten mile zone surrounding the camps, have given the missionaries an opportunity to make a fight on vice in the whole island. Through their efforts, the Attorney General was induced to publish a pamphlet entitled, "Laws of Porto Rico in regard to Prostitution, Adultery, Sale of Intoxicating Liquors, etc.," in English and Spanish. This publication caused much . comment owing to a letter to the Judge as introduction. The Spanish papers have criticised it, and the public has been awakened as never before to the need of "cleaning house. "

When one of the missionaries went to report the case of a white slave, the Chief of Police suggested that the women form a Vigilance Committee to help stamp out the evil of prostitution. He addressed a meeting of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union on the subject, showing how the women could help the police to secute evidence that they generally lacked to convict cases.

The doctors in the Camp became interested in the movement, and aided a group of women and the Police Commissioner in forming a Woman's Police Reserve Corps. The press was flooded with articles and the women awakened to their duty in taking a leading part in the effort to help the police and military authorities in the task at hand. Posters were prepared in Spanish and English, showing the pictnre of a woman dressed in an American flag and waving ·aloft another flag, with the words : "ENLIST. CLEAN UP YOUR TOWN. JOIN THE WOMAN'S POLICE RESERVE CORPS."

Below this, were the letters W. C. T. U. Twelve hundred copies were printed and sent to every corner of the Islapd. The result was magical-more articles appeared in the press, some for and some

against the campaign. So many cases were tried that it became necessary for the authorities to secure additional prison space for the scores of prostitute women convicted in the courts. The one time prisons in Ponce fnd Arccibo and later at l1ayaguez were C011varted into hospitals for the care and treatment of these unfortunates. Due to the effect of prohibition for over a year, the prisons were nearly empty.

A JEWISH AMERICA~ CONGHESS T HERE is a "shaking of dry bones" in Judaism throughout the world. The sufferings of the ,Jews in Europe has driven hundreds of thousands of them to America as their' ,National Sanitarium." Now the liberation of Palestine from the dominion of the Turk, the declaratiqn of the Bdtish government on November 2, 1917, in favor of a Jewish State in Palestine, and the recent return of peace have aroused the Jewish national spirit and have led to the assembling of the first ,Jpwish-American Congress. This met in Philadelphia on Sunday, December 15, 1918, and brought together Jews of many nations and classes-laborers and professional men, financiers and manufacturers, philanthropists and pedlers; Zionists, nationalists, socialists, assimilators and internationialisis. There were all religious shades of J ews-orlhodox, conservative, Eeformed, heterodox and infidel. Judge Julian Mack of Chicago was elected President, and Hon. Nathan Straus, Honor- !art President. There were thr.ee secre,taries-English, Hebrew and Yiddish. l'he main resolutions passed by the Congress were: 1. That the Jews of Roumania should be protected and given full political, civil and religious rights.

2. That the P~ace Congress recognize the Jewish historic claims to Palestine and plan for the formation of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine under British trusteeship.

3. That the Peace Congress insert in the treaty of peace, regulations guaranteeing to Jews full liberty of residence and personal, civil and religious rights in every part of Europe.

It was resolved to call a world Jewish Congress as soon as possible after peace is declared.

Dr. Abraham Schomer, in his historic sketch of Jewish struggles, exclaimed: " We have failed because we have a body but we have had no head. We need a head."

Were there ever spoken more truly significant words 1 Israel l:as rejected the true Head of the body and cannot come into life and power until Jesus Christ is recognized as the Head of all things.

HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

O NE theme dominated the annual meetings of the Home Mis- . sions C?uncil and the Foreign Missions Conference,. which metdurmg the second week of January, the former m New York City and the latter in New Haven. This theme was "The After the War Program of the Churches." At the Foreign Mis- sions Conference this was expressed in a series of addresses on the ideals and results of the New Internationalism; and in the Home Missions Council by a series of papers and discussions on National Reconstruction. .

These meetings were preceded as usual by the annual dinner under the auspices of the Missionary Education Movement. The spirit of fellowship and cooperation was unusually manifest, and found expression in the unanimous approval at all of these meetings of a proposal to unite all the home and foreign mission forces of the Protestant Church in an "Interchurch World Movement." When such a plan was suggested a year ago it was saiel to be visionary and impossible, but one effect of the war has been to make men at- tempt the impossible, if it is ideal. The plan proposed is more fully described elsewhere. The REVIEW is in hearty accord with it, and has for years been a voice often apparently "crying in the wilder- ness to prepare the way" for such a movement. The central ideas are the study of the world as a whole in relation to men's need of the Gospel of Christ, and then by the closest possible cooperation, and fullest devotion on the part of all evangelical Christian forces, to conduct a united missionary campaign. We plan to keep our read- ers informed on this movement through articles giving the results of a close study of the fields, and the plans for a more widespread preaching of the GO!3pel to every creature.

A committee of twenty, appointed by the Foreign Mission Con- ference will, in cooperation with the Home Missions Council and the Women's Boards, select a general committee of one hundred to represent all North America. From this number an executive com- mittee will be formed. Humanly speaking, the success of the move- ment will be due to the selection of the right leaders, and to the hearty and unselfish cooperation of the various denominations. The chief aim is not to secure a large missionary fund as the means of winning the world to Christ but is to educate Christians to see the need of the world as God sees it, and to enlist them in prayer, service and giving on a scale adequate to the magn.itudeand im- portance of the task.

87

A large number of exceedingly able and interesting papers were read at both of the Conferences, and many of these will appear in subsequent issues of the REVIEW.

During the meetings of these Conferences the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, providing for national prohibition, was ratified by a sufficient number of states to assure its adoption. This was pronounced by one of the speakers at the Foreign Missions Conference to be the most important event since the Reformation. We are planning a World Temperance Number of the REVIEW, which will show the next steps necessary in the movement to bring about the world-wide prohibition of intoxicating liquors and habit-forming drugs.

THE Y. M. C. A. UNDER FIRE T HE most severe bombardment to which the Young Men's Christian Association has been subjected has not come from the enemy's camp, but from the American soldiers returning from the front. The Master's warning "Woe unto you when all men speak well of you" does not seem to be a danger from which the "Y" will suffer. Some have attributed the criticism to malicious propaganda, but it has been so general and at the same time so specific that it cannot be attributed entirely to enemies. , The Young Men's Christian Association is an immense organiza- tion which has become a world-wide influence. Since it was founded over sixty years ago, the Association work has been established in all the leading countries of the world, and in many of the mission fields. When the war broke out, the assistance of the Association was offered in the prison camps of Europe; and when America entered the war Dr. Mott and his associates offered to establish work in the cantonments at home, and to send men to conduct welfare work among the soldiers on all the battle fronts. Over 7000 Y. M.C.A.

workers have gone to Europe, Asia and Africa, and have' followed the armies in all their campaigns. There has been no question as to the great value of the Association in helping to maintain the morale, and the moral, physical and intellectual strength of the fight- ing forces on land and sea. Many of the "Y" huts have been de- stroyed in bombardments, and more than twenty of the workers have been killed or seriously wounded. Most of them have been remarkably efficient and self-sacrificing, and thousands of letters have been received commending their work.

What then has been the cause of the severe criticisms that have been made? On the one hand the "Y" has been charged with profiteering, and on the other with inefficiency and selfishness on the part of the workers. The former charge has been due almost wholly to misunderstanding, as the Association has never sought to make

EDITORIAL COMMENT

money from the canteen, which was conducted under Government orders but without free transportation. Consequently government "exchanges" undersold the canteens. No doubt, some Y. M. C. A. workers were dishonest. It is not surprising that there should be some leakage in the distribution of $75,000,000 by men who could not always be thoroughly trained and tested. It is also not to be wondered at that some of the workers should have proved unfit for such high service. Possibly twenty-five per cent were inefficient. Fifteen hundred men of this character would give color· to the statement that the whole organizatiQn was a failure. Such, however, was far from the case. The chief difficulty seems to have been that the War Work Council unselfishly undertook a work that was larger than they could handle. The number of American soldiers in Europe at the time of the signing of 'the armistice was four times the number anticipated, and a sufficient corps of capable secretaries could not be found. In spite of the effort to secure the best men, many were allowed to go over the seas who had not the ability or the Christian spirit to justify their selection. The specific charges of inefficiency and dishonesty are being investigated, and there is no good reason to believe that any failure will be covered up.

It is our conviction that the fundamental mistake of the leaders in this work was not due to any lack of high ideals, or Christian spirit of service, but was due to their undertaking a work in cooperation with governmental authorities which should have been under the direction of the Army and Navy. The War Work Oouncil and "Y" men were continually obliged to make concessions, if not compromises, to meet the demands of the Government. This involved the conduct of the canteen and the responsibility for entertainments (many of which were far from wholesome, especially when conducted on Sunday and in connection religious services). If it had been possible for the Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations to serve the soldiers and sailors chiefly by creating homelike surroundings for them, with a distinctly Christian atmosphere, and by conducting religious services, there is reason to believe that they would have been able to do a work of more permanent value, and would not have subjected themselves to such severe criticism. The nations involved in the war, however, including Germany and Austria, have no just grounds for general criticism of the Y. M. C. A.., but rather they have every reason for gratitude. Any failure on the part of the "Y" has been due to inefficiency of individuals, rather than to that of the organization; and to an effort to undertake too much, rather than too little. The spirit of selfishness has been conspicuous by its absence among most of the men and women engaged in "Y" work in America and over seas.

CHINA AND THE VATICAN T HE re-entrance of the Vatican openly into Chinese politics seems to be foreshadowed by the announcement that a papal legate or nuncio is to be appointed to Peking. For a long time France was the protector of Roman Catholic missions in China. In 1891 Germany undertook the protection of German Catholic missions, and later Italy assumed the protection of her missionaries. But the war has destroyed, Gennan inffuence in China, which had been carefully fostered until the Chinese official mind was prepossessed in her favor.

Now since Chinese public opinion has come into existence and has begun to make its own unenforced judgments upon Christianity and its effects, the time would seem to be approaching when "protection" of missions and missionaries in China by the Western nations will no longer be desirable or pennissible. This argument for a nuncio from the papal See is therefore not very strong.

With every disposition to be fair, one cannot view without concern this repetition of the Papacy's effort to take part in the political life of China. The effect upon the Chinese mind, which has only recently learned to dissociate the ideas of Church and State, will not be desirable from the point of view of Protestant missions. They are and should be recognized to be a spiritual and not a political enterprise; and the motive power which propels is spiritual, not political.

Protestant missionaries in China gave a demonstration of their view point in 1899, just before the Boxer outbreak. Roman Catholic missionaries had obtained the rank of civil officials and had made much of the fact, the priest ranking with the district magistrate, the bishop with the prefect, etc. When the Chinese government offered similar rank to Protestant missionaries, the honor was unanimously declined, and some years later the official status was withdrawn from Roman Catholic missionaries.

If the ideal voiced by President Wilson is to be attained, and the old methods of secret diplomacy are to be abandoned, there would seem to be strong reasons against any nation's receiving papal nuncios at their courts. Certa~nly the temptation to enter devious paths has been too much for the legates of that Church in times past. The Papal system is so essentially autocratic that an open and public statement of aims, such as the representative of a republic might make to his constituents, is for a Papal representative impracticable. For the good health of China and of the world there should be no papal legate at Peking.

HINESE INSTI'11''UUTTIIOON58-0LD AND

The old walls and the exclusive autocracy are passing away and the new institutions of learning and democratic prrogrress are coming to the front China, World Democracy and MMissions BY W. REGINALD WHEELER, HANGCHOW, CHINA A Member of the Faculty of Hangchow Christian College and Author of "China and the World War"

W HEN the United States entered the War, President Wil- . son expressed her ideal in so doing by the phrase: " The world :!gpmust be made safe for democracy." These words created a profound impression, for he did not say: America or Europe must be made safe for democracy, but the world itself, including the Orient, was to be safe-guarded for the common peo- ple. This ideal of international justice and freedom has been re-· emphasized again and again throughout the war: there have been no national limits set to the fundamental principles of the Allies, as expressed by their spokesmen. The principles of the Allies have been world-inclusive; and obviously any such world-program must embrace the situation in Asia and the Far East.

Half of the world's popUlation is in Asia, so that if it is 1n1o0t safe for democracy, it will be made dangeroul? by autocracy. Rus- sia and OChina, in their attempts to set up drmocracies, offer su- preme opportunities for exploitation and control by imperialistic powers, or for disinterested assistance by the' free nations of the 91

world. The United States could not live half slave and r.ulf free. The world cannot safely live with its popUlation divided hetween autocracy and democracy. "The ~Western nations are about to plaee in the hands of the oriental races the vast resources of civilization, machinery, factories, methods of organization, forms of government. It is of the utmost importance that when these forces are carried to Asia there shall go with them the idealism which has made their accumulation possible and their uses human. To give one without the other is to invite calamity both for East and for West."* Granting the proposition that Asia and China must be included in any world program of progress, the question arises: what can be done by foreign governments and foreign individuals to help carry out this program1 The service which other governments can perform seems clear. Dr. Wellington Koo, the Chinese Minister, pointed the way when in a speech in New York, he asked that the voices of the Far East should be heard at the Peace Conference of the nations; and that, in the future, international relations in the Orient should be built upon justice and upon the principle of the equal rights of all nations, whether weak or strong. Much has been written concerning the need of this new viewpoint in line with the Allied principles, as expressed by President Wilson and Premiers Lloyd George and Clemenceau. There is hope that at the Peace Conference such a viewpoint will be taken and that the ideals of the Allied statesmen will be carried out in the Far East by international action that is generous and just.

Stable democratic government requires a certain high level of intelligence on the part of the citizens of any country, and this level can be produced and maintained only by education. Education has been the keystone in the arch of the successful structure of the American Republic and other democracies, and in education of the right type will be found the solution for the problepls of Oriental democracy. The Chinese have realized this, and President Li Yuan-hung, in a mandate in 1917, clearly stated this viewpoint when he said: * * * "Ever since ancient days the efficiency of the administration and the protection of the nation have depended on education. I, the President, have been meditating upon this subject day and night, and have come to the conclusion that there are no means other than education by which the Re- public can be strengthened, especially in view of the fact that the moral standard of our people needs to be raised and their minds opened up."

This is the task before the Oriental nations, and especially before China. But the problem is too great for them to solve, unaided and alone. The Chinese government is comparatively poor; its revenues are inadequate to meet the strain of maintaining proper *Tyler Dennett, "Democratic Tendencies in Asia."-"Asia," November, 1918.

19191 CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS

educational facilities throughout the nation. In 1917 the budget for the current year for education, as drawn by the Ministry of Finance, was less than $10,000,000 gold. In addition to this a cer- tain sum should be added for private expenditures for education.

But in America, "where the school population is one-fourth of the school population of China, the total annual expenditure for educa- tion, has reached the vast sum of $1,000,000,000, or ten times the amount of China's budget. 'I« – Not only is their budget unable to meet the requirements of uni- versal education, but there are not enough trained teachers among the Chinese to properly staff their schools. Only twelve years have passed since the abolishing of the old type of classical study and the governmental welcome of Occidental subjects and studies in Chinese institutions. The time has been too short to make possible the training of enough teachers who are able to carry this double burden of instruction in both Oriental and Occidental subjects. As a consequence China, without foreign aid, cannot successfully edu- cate its citizens. She requires foreign help, and it seems she will require such assistance for some time to come. This assistance has been given, and must continue to be given, through mission schools and colleges, maintained largely by foreign funds.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN CHINA The part which missionary education has already played in the education of China is acknowledged by both Chinese and foreigners. Dr. Amos P. Wilder, formerly American Consul-General at Shanghai, has said, "Chinese modern education traces to missionary influence exclusively." Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck, one of the best known writers on the Far East, has said: "The feature of the greatest pennanent consequence in the history of our relations with China is to be found in the record of the contribution which Americans have made to education."t .

Dr. Koo has spoken of this assistance, and the consequent gratitude of the Chinese, as follows: "It is a general conviction on the part of the Chinese people that through their untiring efforts in establishing schools and colleges in China, through work as translators and teachers and professors, American missionaries, in cooperation with those from other countries, have awakened the interests of the Chinese masses in the value and importance of the new learning. Nothing which individual Americans have done in China has more strongly impressed Chinese minds with the sincerity, the genuineness, the altruism of American friendship for China than this spirit of service and sacrifice so beautifully demonstrated by American missionaries."

In the resulting division of the educational task between Chinese and foreigners, the emphasis of the former has been upon primary and secondary education, while the latter has built up "'China Mission Year Book 1917, p. 375. t"Contemporary Politics in the Far East," page 386.

E;DUCATING. THE; COMING LE;AADDEERS OF CHINA'S DEMOCRACY Representatives of Chin~~O ~g~le~~in:!e tt~e;a~t~[~h~h:ai:~O~(h~fhl~~~e:p~~tsShanghai. A generation more particularly institutions of a higher grade. Aside from the Indemnity College at Peking, certain military and technical institutions, and several normal colleges devoted to training teachers for the elementary schools, the great majority of colleges and universities in China are missionary institutions. Thus the universities at Peking, Nanking, Hankow, Shanghai, Tsinan (Shantung), Kiukiang, Soochow and Foochow; and the colleges at Changsha, Hangchow and Canton come under this designation. In many instances they are the only institutions of college grade open to Chinese students. Thus Hangchow Christian College, supported in America by the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches, is the only college, Christian or non-Christian, in a city of 600,000 and a province of 17,OOO,OOO,-the province, according to government estimates, ·being third in its number of students among the eighteen provinces of the Republic. In all these institutions a large share of the running expenses is met by fees from the Chinese students and in certain instances through governmental assistance. But there is a need for foreign capital and for foreign teachers, and the opportunity and the responsibility can hardly be overstated. Here is a very definite way in which American individuals can contribute to the cause of international justice and democracy and friendship.

In what spirit shall the challenge of this opportunity be met ~ The only sufficient answer would seem to be that inspired by the Christian spirit. China needs education; but she needs character more. The recent breakdown in her governmental machinery is due largely to distrust of the integrity of her political leaders; She needs men of conscience and character, as well as of brains. She needs more men of the type of C. T. Wang and S. T. Wen, the former a graduate of a mission school in China and of a Christian university in America, Vice-President of the Senate, and chairman

CHINA, WORLD DEMOCRACY AND MISSIONS 9S5

of the committee which has been writing the permanent constitution. His words concerning mission education have received a striking vin- dication in his own career. "The Christian missions in China are making a real and lasting contribution to the educational work of . the nation…. In all the political upheavals, the people find that those students who, through their touch with the mission schools, .have embraced the real spirit of living sacrifice of Jesus Christ, are the ones that can best be trusted."

A Chinese Ohristian, a returned student from America, has also expressed the spirit of our answer. He was the son of Ohris- tian parents; his father and mother and sister and brother, at the time of the Boxer outbreak, WfT3 givflll the choice between life and death, and all chose death rather than the denial of their faith. This son escaped and wVeent to America where he studied five years, receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from one of the large eastern universities on his return to China he was faced with the alternatives of using his foreign education in a business way to make a fortune for himself, or to continue at a meager salary in Christian service. He chose the latter, and last spring I heard him give the reason of his choicee": He quoted the verse from Hebrews ANOTHE.R FORCE IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA An Evangelistic Meeting for Chinese Students under the Leadership of Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

which speaks of the great cloud of witnesses which encompasses all those who are trying to run the Christian race; he said he felt that in that cloud of witnesses were'his father and his mother looking down upon him, and saying, "There is our son; he is running a good race. "So," he concluded, "how could I live my life selfishly, when they are watching me~"

The same choice lies before us all, whether we are missionaries in China or Christian individuals in America. The Great War has come to a close ; ten million men have gone to join that great cloud of witnesses. They have given their lives for the cause of a new world-order. Among them are those dear to us: in that celestial host we see the face of a brother, or husband, or son. .And in their midst is the One who is indeed our Brother and His Son, who first laid down His life that others throughout the whole world might live, and live more abundantly. "Wherefore, seeing we are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses," let us "highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain," but that we, like them, will "run with steadfastness the race set before us"; that we will look to Jesus, the captain of our faith, who "always leadeth us in triumph"; who has opened the way to that ultimate city of victory whose builder and maker is God.

A CHINESE GENERAL'S ANSWER "Do you really believe that Christianity can save China?" asked a student of General Chao at the Shansi Student Conference.

"If Christianity can save me it can certainly save China," was the General's prompt answer. Then General Chao told of his own conversion to Christianity. . When he was still a young boy he was one day given a copy of the Bible, Although he read practically none of it and understood less, still he could never get away from his first impression of Christianity. The appeal of the Gospel continued to come to him during the following years, although it was practically unheeded. Finally, while on a dis- couraging campaign against Mongolia the accumulated impression of years brought about the change in him from a reckless Chinese sol- dier to an outstanding Christian general. Now he is a leader in the Church and Young Men's Christian Association at Taiyuanfu, the capital of Shansi Province. His life story made a strong appeal to the student's conference so that his answer carried tremendous conviction.

The Christian life of this man and of thousands of others is the harvest from the work of missionaries who probably did not realize how far-reaching their efforts would be. 'God's spirit gives the in- crease.

War's Contribution to Christian

BY REV. WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN, D. D., NEW YORK I l!' one were asked to put into a single word the new and out· standing contributions of the war to Christian unity it would be a deepened consciousness of need. The desire for unity is no new thing to Christians. It has been in our thoughts and in our prayers for generations, but, because of the difficulties in the way, its realization has seemed remote. Even those who have believed in it most strongly and labored for it most earnestly have been afraid of going too fast. They have looked forward to a future world con· fer-ence when the great subject should be considered with. the thoroughness which its importance deserves, but in the meantime they have deprecated hasty action. So we have gone on making shift as best we might with our existing machinery, conscious that things were not right with the Church, but too busy with our imme· diate concerns to have time for a radical change of methods.

But suddenly we have been made to realize the bankruptcy of this policy of delay. Face to face- with the crisis of the world's need, the sinfulness of our own divisions has been revealed. But yesterday the speculation of the philosopher and, the prayer of the saint, unity has become a matter of practical politics.

What has been happening to the Church has been happening to the world. We have been finding out by bitter experience that if we are to live at all we must find some way of living together. For good or for evil, for evil if not for good, the nations are bound together into a common bundle of life from which no declaration of independence on the part of anyone of them can separate them. If we cannot find some way of living together in brotherhood and peace we shall have to live together in misery and discord. If the war has proved anyone thing it has proved this. The League of Nations is simply the attempt to translate into practical forms of political organization a conviction which has been forming itself in the minds of thoughtful men of all countries that somehow we must find a way to include our rival interests and desires within a larger reconciling unity.

This world-consciousness of need introduces the new element into the problem, let us say rather, into the task of Christian unity. For unity is, in the last analysis, an affair of the spirit. Without the will to live together in peace and mutual helpfulness, the best devised constitution will prove a scrap of paper, and the League of Nations only the last in the long list of tragic failures with which history is strewn. There must be a soul to inhabit the bopy, a :spirit to inform and direct the plans and purposes of the new inter. national organization, or we shall be doomed to failure from the 97

start. Here then is the opportunity of the Church to be the soul of this new body, to furnish the inner bond of principle and conviction that shall weld the separate peoples into one.

But to do this the Church must itself be one. This is true not for its own sake solely, or even primarily, but for the sake of the world. Our Master himself put Christian unity in this large context when He said of His disciples: "I pray that they be one, that.the world may believe that thou hast sent me.' , We must put the em-' phasis where Christ put it. We must realize that unity is not a matter that concerns the household of faith alone i it is the very heart and center of Christianity's contribution to the life of the world.

With this new sense of need, the war has brought us also a new sense of posS'ibility. It is the most signal proof of man's divine origin and destiny, that with the deepened consciousness of need there comes to him also a more vivid consciousness of power. The harder the task, the more resolute the determination to discharge it. The greater the obstacle, the more intense the belief that somehow and in some way it can be overcome. Of all the revelations of these marvelous four years the revelation of unsuspected resources has been the most amazing. We have had to readjust our entire standard of values. If anyone had predicted four years ago that it was possible within a year and a half to raise, train, arm, equip and transport across three thousand miles of sea and deliver on the fighting line of France an. army of two million trained and experienced soldiers, with two million more in reserve, he would have been laughed out of court; and yet the thing has been done. And it is only one of a multitude of similar revelations of unsl!spected capacities in men and in nations. History is a commentary on the word of Jesus: "With man it is impossible, but with God all things are possible."

What we have seen in the nation has had its reflex influence on the church. Existing standards have been revolutionized, old prejudices swept out of the way, new'convictions formed as to duty and possibility. The thing that seemed too hard for us but four short years ago, in spite of God's pointing finger and Jesus' reassuring voice, now seems to us obvious and necessary. It is only a question of finding the way to do the thing we know must be done and can be done.

NEW CONFIDENCE FOR THE CHURCH What are the elements in this new confidence which the war has brought to the Church ~ Three elements at least we can distinguish: first, a new standard of judgment; second, a new experience of comradeship in service; third, a more vivid consciousness of the presence and power of God.

THE WAR'S CONTRIBUTION TO CHRISTIAN UNITY

And first, A NEW STANDARD OF JUDGMENT. The change which has come over our thought, concerning the Church's duty and opportunity is a change that comes from seeing things in the large and from putting individual interests and duties in the right perspective. We have seen the effect of this change in the nation, as it has abandoned its traditional isolation and realized itself for what it is, a member of the family of nations. So, to each section of the Church of Christ, engrossed in its own special tasks and immediate necessities, t]jere has come a new vision of the Church as a whole, as we have contemplated our Christian responsibilities in the light of.the world's need and realized our inability to meet that need alone. At two different points we have been revising our previous judgment of our duty as Christians. On the one hand we have realized, as we have never realized before, how much we hold in common with men of other names within the Christian fold. On the other, we have gained a new respect for the convictions of those from whom we differ, as we have worked shoulder to shoulder with them in a common cause.

Face to face with the elemental realities of life, how much on which we have differed has sunk into relative unimportance, and conversely, how the great facts of our faith have stood out like mountain peaks above the mist; the fact of God in His righteousness, His wisdom and His love; the fact of Christ, our I..eader, our Brother, our Saviour and our Friend; the fact of the Cross with its revelation of a love which does not shrink from suffering, nay, which fulfils itself in and through suffering, a love for which nothing is too great, for which nothing is too hard; the fact of sin in all its naked ugliness of selfishness" and unbelief, and the greater fact of God's power to redeem from sin through the constraining influence of his Spirit; the fact of immortality, completing with its promise of a fulfilment denied here, the prophecy that love has written in every opening life-how these great facts of our common Chri~tian faith and experience have towered above all that was petty and divisive and made us feel our oneness with one another as we have faced the common tasks for which apart from them we should have been too weak!

Again, we have learned new respect for the convictions of others. Not that we have surrendered our own convictions or yielded our right to maintain them against views which we are constrained to believe inadequate or mistaken, but that we have come to see how much more complex and many-sided life is, how hopeless to exp"ect that within the family of God all men should think or feel or act alike. We have discovered that it is possible for men who differ in some thing!;;, even in some great things, to work together heartily and with mutual self-respect for the still greater things in which they agree. Where before we thought that our differences were a 100 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [February reason for keeping apart, we see now that they furnish the great- est of all possible reasons for coming together.

A second element in our new confidence has come from our experience of COMRADESHIP IN SERVICE. The new standard of judg- ment of which we have been speaking, it cannot be too often in- sisted, is not something which has grown up in the abstract as a matter of theory and of opinion. It has been discovered by living. We have come to see things differently because we have been doing things differently. Face to face with the common task, our old divisive methods have broken down. We have gotten together be- cause we have had to get together, and in the course of our gettiug together we have gained the new insight of- which I have spoken. Working ~ogether for a common end that has lifted us above ourselves, we have come to understand one another better, and understanding has bred respect and sympathy.

The experience of -comradeship in service is no novelty to the men and women who on the foreign field have been facing the embattled forces of a non-Ohristian civilization. But the extent to which we have been doing it is new, and the number of persons who have shared this enfranchising experience is beyond computation. One thinks of the service rendered by the Young Men's and Young Women's Ohristian Associations, by the Red Oross, and kindred organizations which, even though not formally Ohristian in name, are born of the Ohristian spirit and express the Ohristian purpose. But it is not of these that we are thinking now. Weare thinking of the new forms of cooperation that have taken place between the organized Ohristian churches as they have functioned through the war commissions and other emergency committees created to meet the instant need. We are thinking of such forms of cooperation as have been worked out in the United States through the General War Time Oommission of the Ohurches, which has brought together for common action representatives of between twenty and thirty different religious bodies. In this Oommission and the various committees which it has brought into existence, Christians who had never before met face to face have been working together like brothers, and in common ministry to their fellowmen in need -have gained unexpected revelations of their kinship of spirit.

This is not the place to tell the story of this common workthe work for our soldiers and sailors through the chaplains, regular and voluntary; the work for the men and women who form the great industrial army that furnishes the supplies and munitions to the men who fight; the work for the sick and the wounded and the destitute through the furnishing of supplies and workers to the great international organizations; the work for our negro troops and (or the communities from which they come; the work for a sounder and a purer national life as it has been carried on through the campaign against the liquor traffic and venereal disease; the work for the leaders of the next generation now in the camps and the colleges and the training schools as they stand at the threshold of their life work facing the question: what must I do with my life? These are only a few of the many ways in which Christians have been working together not simply as individuals but in forms of organized cooperation that carry with them the sanction of the Church as a whole.

In the heart of Camp Upton, near the administrative building of the Young Men's Christian Association and the headquarters of the Knights of Columbus, stands an attractive building which bears the title, Church Headquarters. It has a chapel of dignity and beauty, where under conditions that minister to reverence the more sacred and intimate services of religion can be celebrated. It has offices for pastoral conference, where chaplains, regular and voluntary, can meet men for private conference. It has residence rooms for visiting clergymen, and a conference room were from week to week religious workers have met to take counsel for the spiritual interests of the camp as a whole. The building was erected and paid ror by seven different branches of the church of Christ acting through the General War Time Commission. It was opened with a service participated in by Roman Catholics, Protestants and Hebrews, at which the Commanding General delivered the address. It has been used by all the religious forces of the camp with the utmost sympathy and harmony from that day to this.

. It is a type of the new spirit which is abroad in the Church, the spirit of comradeship in service, the spirit that is determined that, however many and great may be the things in which we differ, they shall not prevent us from working together in the things in which we agree.

One more element in the new confidence needs to be included, the most momentous and significant of all. It is the more vivid consciousness of THE PRESENCE AND POWER OF GOD. It has come to us as all great discoveries come, in ways we should not have chosen and which we did not expect. It has come to us out of the very storm and stress of the time, out of the deepened sense of need, or which we have spoken, out of our contact with forces so much greater and more far-reaching than we, that they have forced us to recognize the presence of an unseen actor guiding the issue of events to ends bevond our ken. It is a consciousness which has made itself felt in the most widely different quarters, in the lives of men who have been fighting, but no less in the hearts of those who have remained at home, awe-struck witnesses of the sacrifice which it was not given to them to share. It has found voice even in the daily press, with its recognition of an unseen presence over-ruling

the plans· of men for purposes that outlast the years and only worthily to be met by reverence and consecration.

From a private letter from Major James M. Black, Ohaplain in the British Expeditionary Forces, written on April 4th, 1918,I quote these words: "Two Sundays ago, the dark Sundayof the German push, I was at Headquarters taking the service. Sir Douglas Haig was there, anxious no doubt, but very quiet. He came up and thanked me afterwards for the comfort I had given him, and he remarked: 'Remember, the battle is not ours but God's.' He is a sincerely religious man whose faith is a big thing to him. I was glad to have been there at such a time."

"The Battle is not ours, but God's." This is a conviction which has been brought home to multitudes of earnest men and women during the momentous days through which we have passed, and in this consciousness of a power greater than man, seeing the end from the beginning, able to do for us more than we can ask or even think, is the last and most enduring ground of our hope for Christian unity.

A new standard of judgment, a new experience of comradeship in service, a new consciousness of the presence and power of God. These, We repeat, are the new contributions which the war has made to Ohristian unity.

But they must be used. Of themselves they are only an opportunity. It is for us with a courage that is commensurate with the need, to translate the opportunity into accomplished fnct.

THE GREATEST NEED OF THE HOUR Must not God wonder that there are not more intercessors in view of the imperative need for the exercise of this potent ministry?

The fundamental ne~d today is not of money-desirable as it is that the money power be more largely related to the plans of the expand- ing Kingdom. Nor is the chief need that of better organization, although anyone can see the waste, friction and comparatively meager fruitage resulting from the want of better coordination and distribu- tion of the forces. Our greatest need is not better plans-insistent as are the demands of the modern age for the exercise of a truer statesmanship and an abler Christian leadership. Neither is the primary need for more workers, although that might seem para- tmlunt. No, back of this and other unquestioned needs is the funda-.

mental need of more Christ-like intercessors. This, if adequately supplied, will carry with it the meeting of the other clamant require- ments of our day.

JOHN R. MOTT.

EVIIDDEE;NNCE OF THHEE; NNE;EED OF HUMMAANNEE; RE;CCOONNSSTTRRUUCCTION IN

Some slaves on the PorttUubgruese Island o f San Thome, West Africa African Reconstruction After thejWaar BY JOHN H. HARRIS, LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "Dawn in Darkest Africa"

·..HE part which Africa has played in the Great War may easily T. mean the greatest revolution in negro and white relationships . since the commencement of the Christian era. The demands which will be made by the African race, and the changes that must take place, command the attention of the whole Christian Church. Missionary organizations must lead in the social reconstruction which will inevitably result. When Colonel Mangin, in 1]9912, was instructed to create a French African Army, trained in the science of European warfare, none foresaw that as General Mangin, he would lead his Senegalese in the re.conquest of the Duamont forts and the CaiIllettewoods of Verdun. Nor was it realized that nearly a million Africans would take part in European warfare; nor, that Marshal Haig would draw his dynamite from the oil palms and cocoa-nut trees of tropical Afriicca. These facts have shown the inherent possibilities of the African and the tremendous resources 103

of the African continent; they have also opened the eyes of the African .himself. Civilization must therefore take heed, and the Christian Church must be in the van, if Africa is to be saved. from a future disaster.

LAND, LABOR AND PRODUCE It is asserted, but without definite proof, that the $2,000,000,000 obtained from the South AfriCan gold mines have involved the expenditure of a like amount. It is certainly true that gold wins approximately only its own equivalent, whereas agricultural investment in Africa repays its cost nearly 100 times. Men are awakening to the fact that African wealth is to be found not below the surface of mother earth· but upon its surface, and, second, that the role of the white man is that of consumer, while the African is the producer. The white manufacturer is asking how the African can be encouraged to produce larger quantities of vegetable oils, cocoa, sugar, cotton and fibre; and these questions are being asked in terms and in a manner which can only lead to a powerful movement for African reconstruction.

White civilization is looking to Africa and to the black man in Africa for a healing balm for the ravages of war. The main products of Central Africa are in round figures as follows.: Vegetable Oils and Fats,.,,"""";""""', … ,…….. $40,000,000 Cocoa and Sugar ……………….. ,.,., ……….. ,…. $20,000,000 Cotton, Feathers, Scented and Pulpwoods .. ,……………. $40,000,000 Total ………………………………… $100,000,000 Any man acquainted' with the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, and a working knowledge of government statistics and reports, knows that a way ought to be found for increasing that output of 100 million dollars to ] ,000 million dollars within ten years after the close of the war. . The solution of all material reconstruction in Africa is a land solution, hence the great land struggles which are already in progress come first in order of thought. Broadly speaking there are two . theories of African economics: (1) that the white man should own land and the native should be his laborer, (2) that the native should both own and farm the land, harvest his own produce and sell that produce to the white merchant. For two centuries the struggle be- tween the two systems has gone on, and there is some evidence that the second system will win. If it does, it will change the whole aspect of Christian missionary work, for the native will possess such a measure of economic stability that Christian Churches will become self-supporting, and thus inevitably selfcgoverning.

The system of white ownership and native labor spells heavy administrative charges for oversight and management, whilst the

A STAGE IN THE PROGRESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF

[Tree-felling in a Central A frican Forest]

native laborer as merely a wage earner does not put forth his maxi- mum effort. "'nere the native is his own producer, the output is greatly increased and the cost of production far lower. One com- parative feature of this situation is disclosed in the following pre- war figures: The German Cameroons territory is over twice the size of the British Gold Coast j both territories are equally suited to cocoa production, and the only difference is the system pursued.

In the Cameroons, with plantations under white ownership and native labor, the production of cocoa increased from 2,250,000 lbs.

in 1904 to 8,000,000 lbs. in 1912, whereas in Gold Coast the purely native industry increased from 11,000,000 lbs. in 1904 to 85,000,000 .

lbs. in 1912 IBy taking the land from the African natives you get the maximum of laborers; by leaving the land to the African natives you get the maximum of produce. .

The general policy adopted by Great Britain (but unfortunately not always followed) is first that all the lands of the Colonial·ter- ritories are the ownership of the inhabitants, that the Governor is the Trustee for these lands, and finally that any proceeds from the lease or sale must go into local revenues, with a share to the natives.

This system prevails with slight variations in Uganda and the West African territories.

LABOR SYSTEMS Prior to the outbreak of war, the worst labor systems were those of the Portuguese and German Colonies j the Portuguese due to a so-called Contract System, and that of the German colonies due to forced labor. It would be a mistake, however, to assume that it was only in these colonies that this type of labor and its attendant abuses prevailed: they were to be found in several political divisions, but they reached the most serious proportions in the Portuguese and German Colonies.

The object of Portuguese Contract Labor was that of supplying labor to the cocoa plantations of West Africa. It is estimated that from 1875 to 1908 nearly 100,000 men, women and children were landed upon the cocoa islands from the mainland of West Africa, and until 1908 not a single one of these unfortunate people had been allowed to return to Africa. Although the laborers were ostensibly carried across the ocean under "free contracts," many of them had never seen a contract, whilst force or fraud had been exercised in order to secure them.

But this tragedy was by no means confined to the slavery on the cocoa· plantations; the cruelties and deaths involved in securing the laborers in Central Africa were appaling. Mr. Joseph Burtt was told by a Portuguese trader that if he could get five out of ten to the Coast alive, he considered himself very fortunate, but more often than not he reached the AfriGUll Qoal'lt with not more than

AFRICAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THBE WAR

a two in salable condition. This is not surprising when it is re- membered that along the whole route of hundreds of miles from the interior the trees and roadways were strewn with discarded shackles, whilst these and hpman bones were everywhere the terrible evidence witnessed by Joseph Burtt, Henry Nevinson, Colonel Hardinge and Charles Swan, all of whom pursued their respective enquiries along quite different routes and for quite different objects.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA Plantation of -Oil Pa1ms representing 5SO0 to 100 years' growth, and marking site of ancient vil1age In the years 1908-1910 there broke out in England an indignant agitation for the abolition of this system, an agitation to which many enlightened Portuguese gave support, with the result that some effective reforms have been secured. From the total slave populations of about 30,000 to 40,000 over 12,000 have been emancipated, leaving in bondage today from 18,000 to 28,000. Recruiting on the mainland, whilst stilI attended by abuse, cannot be fairly compared with former conditions, but at the same time much remains to be done. Every slave must be set free and the alarming death rate amongst the laborers of nearly 120 per 1,000 must be considerably reduced before the Portuguese labor system can be regarded as at all satisfactory.

In most of the African territories forced labor has been inherent in the development of the territories, and under native law it was part of the communal control of native custom. European

Governments have also maintained the same policy, but in most territories there has been an ever increasing desire to abolish every form of compulsory labor. Forced labor for purely administrative purposes which benefit the entire community is not without excuse, but forced labor for private profit is indistinguishable from slavery, and this form of labor was characteristic of every German territory.

In ]'ebruary, 1914, a leading Deputy of the German Reichstag said he "would vote no more money for the colonies if energetic steps were not taken to protect the natives from ill-treatment and forced labor, for there had been more loss of life on the plantations than in the slave-hunts of former years." Dr.Solf, the Oolonial Secretary, did not, or apparently could not, deny these grave allegations, but said the Government was endeayoring to protect the natives and to "make their lot tolerable."

AN INTERNATIONAL CHARTER OF FREEDOM Public opinion is beginning to realize that oppression and fraud practiced upon the child races of the world is an unerring boomnang; already strong forces-Christian, philanthropic and commercial, are at work in England, France, Italy and Switzerland upon an International Government Oonference, having as ih; object the framing of principles for (1) the prevention of labor abuses; (2) the restriction of the sale of intoxicants; (3) the study of and prophy~ lactic measures against diseases. The motive power behind this movement is due first to a feeling of Ohristian duty, secondly for the honor of the white races, and thirdly for the preservation and increase of labor supplies for the tropics. It is being asked whether the United States will co-operate in such a movement-the answer will probably come through the churches and missionary societies, and for that answer European Ohristianity earnestly waits.

WAITING AFRICA "Passing" along a native trail in a remote region, I met a company of head hunters, armed with bows and arrows. I asked the leader: "Have the 'WORDS' come to your village yet?" His face lighted up as he answered, "Qh, yes, the 'WORDS' have come! A Ch;istian teacher came to live among us only a week ago." "Would the other villages about here like to have the 'WORDS'?" I inquired. He swept the horizon with his arm and said, "All of them, all of them are waiting for the 'WORDS' to come."

,CORNELIUS H. P AHON.

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BEFORE RULERS TO ANSWER FOR THEIR

Chinese Christians are still haled before magistrates or are persecuted in other ways becanse of their allegiance to Christ Salt and Its Savor in China An Answer to the Question: Do the COhinese Make Good COhristians T BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China from Within"

·0 one who has taken the pains to investigate the facts longer N doubts that the COhristians of North OChina in 1900 were founded on the "Rock COhrist Jesus." Some 20,000 native OChristians in North OChina, many of them of the first generation out of heathenism, deliberately chose to lay down their lives rather than deny their Lord. And the denial was made possible on such easy terms-all they had to do was to burn incense sticks before 109

the idols, or sign a paper that they had recanted the foreign devil doct.rine, or merely draw a cross in the dirt and spit on it.

The testimony of missionaries on the ground, of persecutors, of neighbors and relatives-was that some were tortured, not accepting deliverance . .. and others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword. In addition to the martyrs, many thousands more had their homes and property destroyed, being destitute, afflicted, tormented. ln the case of city riots, both missionaries and converts were stoned and hacked, if not sawn asunder.

Ohildren, even, confessed Him, thougli tortured. Bonds and imprisonment were constantly resorted to in cases where instant death was not resolved upon. .Yet they were faithful unto death.

All were tempted in every way, both to deny the Lord Jesus or merely to renounce their religion" for a time," and in both cases were begged by friends" just to bow before the idols whilst remaining faithful at heart." But, in spite of every temptation, many were tortured, not accepting deliverance. Others were jeered at in the moment of their death by.fire or sword, and steadfastly endured the trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. I knew of an old Ohristian who, given the option of recanting or of being immediately plunged into a caldron of boiling water, chose the latter.

Not a few were men who had formerly lived bad lives, but out of weakness were made strong.

And yet, though that crisis of 1900 brought forth its solemn and unbreakable testimony, numbers of Christians in the home Church seem to believe that China reverted to the so-called "rice'" brand of Christians, "those who are in the Church for what they can get out of it." This devil's lie about the quality of Chinese Christians since 1,900 everywhere persists. But the fact is that the sufferings .which came upon the church in 1900 were .greater only in degree than those which today are often visited upon Ohinese who boldly come out and confess Christ. .

Our station field stretches through five counties, with a populationestimated by the Govermnent at some five millions of people. I itinerate up and down through multitudinous mud villa.ges of peasants. . I know those villages and the Christians in them. I know that when a man decides today, no less than in Boxer days, to become a Christian he frequently cuts himself entirely off from the sympathy and companionship of his community.

There are few things more pathetic, that tug harder at the heart of a pastor, than the spiritual isolation of a single Christian or of a family in a heathen village.

If a maIl, becomes a Christian, the break with the hateful past has to be so complete that he concentrates the venom of heathenism

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

upon himself. Its temptations, its hoary customs, its blasphemies, its required· sins-gambling and law-suiting, cheating, concubinage, slavery; ancestor worship, witchcraft, superstition and demon-worship; geomancy and the vile power of priests-all rise up to smite him. So that he and his house, while they become a beacon of light for sin-tossed men, become also by the very fact of their conspicuousness, a ta,g~t for the deviltry of Satan and his servants. And in withstanding their onsets "these little ones" illus~rate what Li Hung Chang recorded in his diary as a curious fact for which he could not account: "This Christianity makes poor and lowly people bold and unafraid."

What is the daring of that break with idolatry, and what is its challenge to the powers of darkness, can be realized only by knowing concrete cases. The illustrations that follow throw suggestive light. These are all common, every-day sufferings, and endured for the sake of the Name. Not all have happened to the same person or in the same village; but they are the ordinary methods that make a Christian in the expressive language of the Chinese, "eat bitterness. "

First, there is the persecution that originates in the family. And this perhaps is the bitterest of all. One day I emerged unexpectedly on the street of a village, a village with one Christian, and saw ahead of me that young man crying and limping. He held his neck sidewise and stiff; his face, clawed fiercely by finger nails, was dripping blood; his eyes were blackened, his fingers were swollen; and he later showed me great welts on his shin bones. He had returned home from a cutting-bee with a queueless head, his badge of discipleship; his mother and wife and sister, feeling the family disgraced beyond measure and the spirits of their ancestors irretrievably outraged, rose up in their wrath, and with sticks and clubs laid to upon his body with such vigor that he required weeks to recover.

Again, I baptized the oldest of four sons; the father had protested to the son at the contemplated step. Soon after the father divided his inheritance. By custom, the oldest should receive much more relatively than the others. In this case he received nothing for himself and wife and children, though they had done their share in earning the common clan living.

Another Christian, a useful evangelist who later went to South Africa to preach to the coolies in the mines there, was an)nfluential man in his village, and secured consent of the village elders to turn a neglected temple into a Christian school. His heathen parents, incensed at such sacrilege, went to the County magistrate, and of him demanded an official destruction of their son. And he consented; for there is an old custom or law of the land, by which, in virtue of parents' power of death over their children, they can

so demand, and not be refused. Before the magistrate could execute the decree, the son had been warned and fled for his life, leaving his wife and children to great distress in the parental home.

Imagine a scene, part of which I saw: a wife tugging at the coat tail of her husband down the entire length of the long ambling village street, reviling him before a laughing crowd. For three mortal miles she hung on, cursing and attempting to pull him back from worship, till he arrived at "a Church in the house," of a neighboring village where he was to meet with fellow Christians. Then the wife turned and fled precipitately, lest some one beWitch her with one of the" Jesus pills" of cursed magic.

On the 23rd of October, 1913, while I was examining mature candidates for baptism, their parents stalked in, and threatened on their return home to commit suicide, if the candidates did not at once renounce their interest in a foreign religion.

Committing suicide is in China an accredited kind of protest ias common as emphatic.. When committed on aCCOllllt of the Jesus religion, it is "to spite" the renegade member of the family, and to discourage others from becoming thus foolish and impious, converts to strange doctrines. Common methods of suicide by the women pea!,ants in my part of the world, in protest against the male members of their families joining themselves to the Jesus Devil Sect, is to jump into the village wells, drink sulphur soaked off the heads 'oj!:' Jg.panes~ matches, or destroy themselves with the iCabbage knife.

It is a consummate triumph on the part of the suicide because it achieves double edged succession in two worlds at the same time. The immediate advantage to a suicide of this mode of procedure is explicable in the light of the Chinese belief and proverb: "He who arrives first at the yamen-with a bribe-wins the case." The spirit of the suicide hastens ahead and prefers charges to a judge of the infernal regions, before the opponent can arrive. On the other hand, manifold and continuous embarrassments for the living victim of the suicide are at once set in operation. He is often looked upon as a murderel', and lives abused and loathed.

The tricks and devices of fellow villagers to humiliate and torture a Ohristian neighbor are numberless. A man is refused the use of the village well; and many a tragedy occurs at night when he attempts to steal out and draw water from the old place or from another. Sometimes he is not allowed to grind at the mill shared by several families on the street. It is a serious business to get bread without flour.

For unwillingness to conform to blasphemous heathen customs, companies of villagers have made the bodies of many a Christian neighbor smart, and have reduced him to penury. He refuses t.) burn paper in worship to his ancestors; and he is despised as un-

WOULD YOU ENDURE l'HIS IN PUBLIC FOR CHRIST'S SAKE In this way Christians have submitted to persecution for righteousness' sake filial, a moral pariah. He refuses to burn spirit money to supply ghosts of the departed with good food and warm clothes for wintelr'; and he is condemned as a niggard. And some morning he awakes to find a hole dug through the mud waII. of his yard, and his donkey pulled through it. He knows it is useless to search for' it. Doubtless it has been butchered and sold on 'the market. Often he wakes up in the night to find his wall pulled down,-and no one can well get along without his wall; or he finds his meagre stock Qf brushwood/-so laboriously cCullt and gathered and carried on his

head down the mountain side,-stolen; or his crops lugged off, his ox driven away, and his straw burned.

He refuses to make a contribution to the expenses of the debasing, roving theatre, intimately linked with the temple. Its local appearance has been arranged through the priest, who gets a rake off for his pains. The heathen even ostentatiously demand of the Christian the use of tools in preparation for the spectacle. On the refusal of one convert, they seized him, bound his hands and hung him up by the arms to beams on the theatre platform opposite the village temvle, and there made him a spectacle, and, taunting, 'said: ,,You say your God is better than our gods within! Now ask him to make you come down!" On the consistent and repeated refusal of two brothers to pay that tax, the fellow villagers decided to seize and divide among themselves fourteen out of sixteen shares of land on the mountainside that belonged to the brothers. On appeal of the brothers to the magistrate the seizure was confirmed as justified.

In cases where Christians have preached to fellow villagers they have suffered many kinds of violence. One of our best preachers was run upon by a. gang of village bullies, who mauled him and hauled him around by his queue, and pulled out some of his hair. Not far from that village two Christians were selling Gospels and tracts,-as the law allows,-when the head village elder not only imperiously ordered them to leave, but kicked their supply into the dust of the street, and the boys threw some into the village pond, and gave away the rest to be made into shoe-soles.

When it was known that I was to arrive at a certain village, the heathen there, in order to humiliate the one resident Christian man, stole his barrow which he was to use to forward my stock of Bible portions, my food box, and my bedding. This vehicle is, for a Chinese peasant, a piece of property of considerable value anq. absolutely indispensable. It was never found.

How often have I received letters like the following from harassed Christians: "When our village learned that we had planned to open a Christian school here, they seized five acres of our land and four ponds."

"Village roughs found out t.j:J.at my son was carrying money for our school teacher, and they tore from him his big fur coat, and hat and girdle, and beat him nearly dead."

"I refused.. to profane the Sabbath with them; and on my return from my field last night, they had broken the doors and win- 'dows of my house, burned my goods, and outraged my wife."

In one village a company of men, wild with New Year's excesses, went to the home of three Christians of the village-humble, inoffensive men-seized and bound them, and nearly ran them through with knives.

(To be oonoluded).

OF A WARD,. SHOWING THE BRTCK BEDS WHICH CAN BE WARMED

WINTER The Borden Memorial Hospital in China A .-Hospital in memory of William Whiting Borden., Conducted by the China Inland Mission at Lanchowfu, Kannsuh, China BY GEORGE ·-E. KING, M. D., LANCHOWFU, CHINA O NCE upon a time right across the middle belt of Asia there were cities and forests and tilled land-kingdom upon king- dom, nation upon nation. They linked up Greece to Persia, Persia to India, India to China; or further north, Persia to Kashmir and Kashmir to China. Then, somehow, by war or famine or the encroaching desert sands-these civilizations passed away, and with the cpllapse of the means of communication the isolation of the different nations increased. But of that old roadway traces still.remain-bits, broken and separated, but enough to call to mind these olden, golden days when green clad rivers ran where now all is bare yellow earth, and lakes used to shimmer in the light where all that is left us is a vast hollow where farmers reap fat crops. Kansuh is at the broken end of that old road-used still as a means to reach China's greatest colony, her New Dominion in Turkestan. Kansuh is for the most part a mass of foothills of the Himalayasearth with scarce any grass to adorn it in these bleak frozen 'winter months. Up and down, everywhere hills of earth without rhyme or reason, but broken by two redeeming features; the one, rich valleys where water wheel,s… some 90 feet high, irrigate the land from the rivers; the other, rocky mountains with leafy trees and flowers and song birds. Of coal there is a good deal, of gold and copper not 115

PATIENTS BREAKING OFF OPIUM AT THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPI'Tl'AL a little. Mineral oil is also obtained. But the mountains that surround Kansuh and give it peace in troublous times hinder contact with the outside world, and will do so till the railway comes.

Reputedly poor, the Kansuh people have often more money than they seem to possess, for they do not spend it on their homes or on their dress. Kansuh has seen many troubles, and the year of awful memory is 1868, or thereabouts, when the great Moslem rebellion deluged the province with blood; and bands of Moslem rebels roamed the country. Then none dared to till the soil, so that wheat rose to 150 times its wonted price and even at that price there was sometimes none to be had. People with their silver in their pockets jumped into the Yellow River rather than die slowly of starvation.

This race problem is most acute in Kansuh. Chinese aga,inst Moslem-Moslem ag'ainst Chinese. Fear and suspicion fill the minds of the Chinese. To him the Moslem is a cruel, treacherous, deceitf1J1-.1 foe, who may today be all smiles and yet full of villainy in his heart. To the Moslem the ChinesH is a despised and unworthy master, unclean in his habits and benighted in understanding. To an outsider, it seems largely a case of the pot calling the kettle black.

In the heart of this country stands Lanchow, beautiful of situation, with mouuntains and orchards and river. And standing high looking across the waters to the city and the hills beyond is the hospital built in memory of the late William Borden of New York.

19191 THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN CHINA

While preparing to be a missionary to the Moslems of OChina he was called 'into the King's Presence.

The hospital has a large out-patient department, on the upper story of which are rooms for pathological work, and operating department-one for men and one for women. A passage-way from the upper story leads across to the in-patient departments which are on a higher level than the out-patient rooms. The men's inpatient department, and the women's ward are separated by two roomy bungalows for doctors. In the women's side there is also a house for a foreign nurse. Thousands of patients, COhinese and Moslems, have passed through this hospital, coming sometimes ten days' journey to get medical help. Some have taken their stand for Jesus OChrist as a result of the work, but only two or three Moslems have thus far given much promise.

There are accommodations for about eighty men and forty women, butthe beds are not all occupied yet, as the people are somewhat suspicious and distrustful still. It is the only hospital operating in this province, with its twelve million people, of whom perhaps two or three millions are Moslems.

This is "a city set upon a hill." Its message rings out for good or ill, very far afield.

MEN'S IN·PATIENT DEPARTTMMFE.l.NT WITH THE MOSLEM WARD AT THE BACK

Miau Men of

BY J. FRANKLIN KELLY, M. D., HAINAN, CHINA W E have met the Maiu men, Simple children of the forest, From the mountains of the mainland, Who are· strangers in our island, They have journeyed up the rivers, Climbed up high into the mountains, Finding homes within the jungle- There they burn down woods and thickets, Making ashes for their gardens, Growing corn, hill-rice and tubers, The "moudamin" of the Orient- The potatoes of the tropics- Also sweet "au-kia" or taro, And the citron of the South-land.

We would tell of their brave chieftain, Of the lettered brave's adventures, How he fought with those wild Bruno, W ell nigh losing eyes and eyelids; Then he came to mission doctor- "Dang Tin-tae" it was, theYaleman- Got his face patched, heard the Gospel. He it was who had the vision Of a white light in his dwelling, Brightening the darkened corners, Whitening the roof and rafters! Then, with sph:it deeply troubled, Came again unto the white men For more light and we all told him Light in this dark world is Jesus, Saviour of all tribes and nations.

Then returned he to his tribesmen- "Zit-kwang" he, the patch-face chieftain- Sent out letters to his people, Summoned them from all the mountains, Gathered them from all the forests, Lo they came by scores and fifties, Sixties and the hundreds. Thousands Now are listening to the good news; All are having dreams and visions, Dancings, shakings and upheavals, Sin confessions, new convictions; Fiercest strugglings with their demons. Then they gave up homes and treasures, Came out fully in the open Light of day with swift fulfilment Of the vision of the prophets; Now they've built a new pavilion Where they gather to their worship, To their reading of the Gospel, To their prayers and singing hymn tunes.

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Signs in Latin

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE outlook for missionary work in Latin America was never so encouraging as at present. The World War has not only brought all North, Central and South America closer to the United States, but it has revealed the deep need of true religion, and an openmindedness in its seeking that is surprising. vv'e have already noted in these pages some of the changes that have taken place in Brazil and in Chile through evangelical Christian influences, and in Porto Rico as revealed in the remarkable moral reform movement; now we record a few other scattered incidents among many that show a new era dawning for evangelical work among our southern neighbors.

PERU-HONORS TO A SCOTCH MISSIONARY San Marcos University in Lima, Peru, was founded in 1551, nearly a hundred years before John Harvard began his school in Cambridge. It is therefore the oldest university in America. With all of its conservatism, located in one of the most fanatical countries in South America, it has recently done the unprecedented thing of conferring the degree of Doctor of Letters on John A. Mackay, a brilliant young Scotch missionary, who began work in Lima two years ago. The press of Lima continues to refer with enthusiasm to this unusual event, which cannot fail to have a splendid effect on evangelical work in Peru where the constitutional prohibition against religious freedom was removed only two years ago. Dr. Mackay is reaping the benefit of his thorough preparation, which consisted, after graduation from his own Church College in Scotland, of two years' post graduate work at Princeton and one at Madrid University, followed by a tour all through South America. Besides his regular mission work, he is now giving a course in literature in the University of San Marcos.

BRAZIL SHOWS CONFIDENCE IN NORTH AMERICAN MISSION It is gratifying to note the confidlmce recently displayed by the Brazilian Government in the Southern Presbyterian Mission, Because of the great scarcity of food in different parts of the world, the Government has thought it necessary to inaugurate a campaign for increasing the production of foodstuffs throughout the country. To assist in this campaign for "Conservation and Increased Production of Food Supplies," the Government has called upon MI'. Hunnicutt, Director of the Laras School of Agriculture, and he is now giving a large part.of his time to this good work.

119

This Mission also has recently received a very remarkable offer from the leading men of the Government of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. It is asked to establish near the state capital, a school organized along the lines of the Southern Presbyterian School at Layras-a Gymnasio and an Agricultural School. To induce them to undertake the work, they are offered, for fifty years, the use of an immense estate (some ten thousand acres of land) with thorough-bred cattle, improved farm machinery, buildings for dormitory, class-rooms, barns, etc., with the probability of advantageous purchase, or' renewal of contract at the end of the lease. It is an off,er such as comes but once in a lifetime. There is no curtailment of liberty in the matter of religious instruction-in this respect the school is to have carte-blanche.

In this same city of Natal, the Government has a large school for girls, to direct which they have recently called Miss James, a former teacher in the Mission School at Pernambuco. The Government proposes to back Miss James, who has had special training in Teachers' College along those lines, in developing modern domes· tic science courses and others that will fit young women for practical life. They have requested her to make a trip to the United States for the purpose of engaging other young women to help her in this task.

CHILE'S BIG DAILY PUBLISHES MISSIONARY REPORT On a recent trip to South America I took occasion to express to prominent men my belief that if Pan-Americanism ever amounted to much, a frank discussion of religious questions must take place among the peoples- of the various countries. When the report of this tour was issued, it was sent to most of these prominent men. Among them was the editor of " El Mercurio" of Valparaiso, one of the most important dailies of South America. The editor, in spite of the former conservative policy not to deal with Protestant Missions, 'had the chapter on Chile translated and printed in its entirety in his paper, saying that it was interesting to know of the growing strength of Protestantism in the country.

In discussing Chile-a most conservative country and often believed to be very pro-German-it is interesting to note that a committee of prominent young Chileans, in Valparaiso, decided recently to raise a fund of $50,000 (pesos) for the American Red Cross. A regular "Yankee Drive" was put on and' netted $350,000-seven times their original goal.

NEW FIELDS OF SERVICE BY Y. M. O. A. IN VALPARAISO The demands in Valparaiso for a night school for women was so insistent recently that at last the Association decided to heed the call. The use of a room in the public school building was granted

ENCOURAGING SIGNS IN LATIN AMERICA

by the authorities free of rent. The money needed for the installation of lights was raised among the members of the Association. A good teacher was secured and the school opened with forty scholars enrolled. This opening interest is an eloquent testimony concerning the necessity for a Young Women's Christian Association.

At the request of a North American lady residing in Valparaiso who is interested in the homeless boys of the city, the Secretary made an investigation with reference to the opening of a home for these boys. The Chief of Police was called on and told of the project. He listened attentively and said, his face beaming: "This is not new to me. I have thought of such a home for these boys for several years, but the work has to be done 'by volunteer workers to succeed. We have a house that we .can turn over to you free of rent, and fifty beds. We will cooperate by bringing the boys to you instead of to the lock-ups. We want this home very much because now we can only put the boys in with other criminals-and that is not lessening crime, but making criminals." And now the only nQed is the right men to conduct the work.

PARAGUAY'S WELCOME TO MISSIONARIES Remarkable indeed was the welcome given by the leading citi- zens of Paraguay to Dr. W. E.Browning, Educational Secretary of the Oommittee on Cooperation in Latin America, and Rev. C. M. Morton, of the Disciples Mission Board, who went to Asuncion re- cently to map out a program for the new Mission to be established by the Disciples. Every man with whom they conversed expressed himself as delighted at the thought of having an Evangelical School in Asuncion, and as willing to help it in every way possible. Presi- dent Manuel Franco said: "Educational work is much needed in Paraguay. Our people . need a practical education. The girls should be taught to sew and to wash and to take care of the home. The boys should learn a use- ful trade. A 'Manual Training School' and a 'School of Agricul- ture' are much needed. There are good public lands which we could give you for an Agricultural School, and there is even an Experi- ment Station already begun by the Government which you might take over, equipment and all. What about your religious teaching? Is it of the confessional type 1"

Ex-President Schearer, and no doubt the future President of the Republic, was especially enthusiastic about the opening of the school and said: "My eldest child is in a Catholic school but I consider the in- struction very deficient. I will not send him to a government school, for the influence is not good. If you will begin your school in March, 1919"", even on ·a small scale, I will send you three children from the first day. The delay of a year in making effective your

plans for opening a school may prove fatal to the project and mean the loss of the opportunity. You should plan to begin your work as soon as possible, and you can count on my personal and official influence to the full. " Dr. Eusebio Ayala, the Minister of Education said: "We need you here. We are disposed to help you in auy way possible. As to religion, most of the men are indifferent. No oue is fanatical. There will be no trouble for you from a religious standpoint.: ' One of the principal dailies of the Capital had the following editorial on the subject: "In -fulfillment of our promise to give further details in re- gard to the object of the visit of Dr. Webster E. Browning and Professor Clement Morton, of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, we have interviewed them with the object of securing facts in the matter of the development of their plans in Paraguay, since it is known that they expect to make extensive to our country the beneficial and philanthropic 'work which they represent. Dr. Browning forms part of a vast educational organization which works toward the diffusion of culture in all South .America, and which has a special department for cooperation in such work. He is the Educational Secretary of this organization. In this position, he has had opportunity to study thoroughly the courses of study, the programs and systems of education of a large number of South .American countries, in almost all of which there are at present institutions connected with this organization. In Brazil, for example, there are probably twenty-five such establishments, many of them large colleges in the large cities.

"The school which it is proposed to found in our country, and which will begin its work just as soon as possible, will offer instruction in all the usual primary and secondary grades, and will have a boarding department. "

Care was taken to let the people know clearly the religious purposes pervading the work to be undertaken. Dr. Browning said to the Minister of Public Instruction, "You understand, of course, that we do not belong to the dominant Church of Paraguay." He merely smiled and suggested that this was a further recommendation and added, "The men of Paraguay have no religion.)J To which Dr. Browning replied, "Unfortunately!" But he merely shrugged his shoulders. It was evident that the people, in general, will welcome the school all the more generously because it is evangelical, rather than Roman Catholic, especially the men who are in the Government and high in authority in other circles.

Outlook for Missions to the

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S.

Pastor· of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto, Canada T HE leading Jewish Press in reviewing the Jewish position in the world declares: «that all things have become new!" And all this is the result of the single declaration made by the Right Hon. Arthur· James Balfour on behalf of the British Government a year ago. We cannot give a better illustration of this exalted feeling than to give a few sentences from the editorial of The American Jewish Chronicle of November 1st, 1918: "Just a year ago tomorrow, there occurred what Jewish annals will record as the most important event in the post-exilic history of the Jewish people. On the 2nd of November, 1917, Israel, the age-long wanderer, ceased being an exile. By the voluntary proclamation of one of the greatest of the wQrld-powers, greatest in point of material resources, territorial dominion and political influence, the status of the Jew has become radically transformed. From a wandering tribe, Israel became a nation once again; from a people immersed in dreams and hugging vain hopes and empty schemes for a millenium in which he might not share, he. found himself all at once a full-fledged member of the family of nations with the solid ground under his feet. And wonderful as has been the results of the British declaration in revivifying the spirit of our people, the full effect of the memorable political statement upon the morale of the world's Jewry is even now scarcely realized by the Jews. Posterity alone will be able to estimate at its true worth what we, owing to our nearness to the event, are scarcely able to fathom with any appreciable degree of accuracy. Never before has the Jewish world been so aglow with hope and expectancy and the determination to labor and sacrifice and achieve, as it has been in this most memorable of years. The Balfour declaration has come to be known as the Magna Charta of Jewish freedom."

The strange thing is that some very thoughtful students of prophecy tell us that the whole fortunes of the War assumed a radical change soon after this memorable Declaration was made by Mr. Balfour. The prophetic references are many and striking. The changes also that soon followed on the battlefields are significant. The Holy City was delivered from the 'Turk by a Christian Army and from that day success after success followed the Allies.

All these speculations are interesting. They may be helpful to some devout souls, but they are full of grave dangers. It is true that the whole Jewish position and outlook have changed externally. The star of hope with regard to the Jewish future 123

shines brightly. The British Declaration favoring the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, and promising to aid them in their national aspirations, has become an important factor in the so-called Jewish practical politics. Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia are delivered from Ottoman dominion, never to go back. The Roya] Jewish Commission is already engaged in the reconstruction of the Land with marvelous results. France, Italy, Greece, and now the United States, have officially declared their approval of the "British Declaration."

All these events are truly epoch-making. The Christian and the secular press have exhibited the keenest interest and have promised their support. The Christian Church has passed favorable resolutions, while Bible teachers, orators and speakers have made it the theme of addresses and deliberations. No subject has secured a larger and a more sympathetic audience.

But these very things, which dazzle the natural eye, may obscure the true picture. The lime-light is turned on the things that please, while many miss the reality. Is all well with Israel ~ It is easy to follow the crowd and sing the popular choruses; it is hard to be in a minority, and to be called "a mourning Jeremiah!" But we must not be disloyal even to the extent of being acquiesoent and passive.

Many and great changes have taken place within Jewry during the past four years. We cannot now describe these or the impending crisis. But if the Church will not now consider the Jewish question in its true light, the Church will have to face a real menace ere long.

THE CHURCH PASSIVE} JEWRY ACTIVE While the Church is passive, Jewry is active. This is shown by a careful study of a hundred different Jewish IDlsslOnRry reports, periodicals and pamphlets. While the official Christian Church is supposedly waiting for an opportune time, and for the so-called favourable point of contact to bring the Gospel to the Jews, the Jewish Press and leaders have been actively assailing Christianity and Christian doctrine.

Israel as a nation in her attitude towards Jesus and Christianity has not changed; she still continues in her stubbornness, and the cry is as of old; "We will not have this man to reign over us." The four years of ravishing war, this hideous deluge of blood, and all the agonizing sorrows and sufferings have not changed the nation in this most vital of all questions: "What think ye of Christ 1"

Four years ago, when war was declared, the sum and substance of the editorials of practically all the leading Jewish papers was "Christianity has failed!" During the whole war this has been the unending chorus of the Jewish press. It seems so popular that

THE OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS TO THE JEWS

the leading JeWish writers are growing eloquent in their denunciation of the Christian faith. German·Jews have even made a boast which has been taken up by Jewry at large. They say: In "Judaism will emerge from this war much s*tr*on*ger than Christianity. fact" we expect it will supplant Christianity The war has vin- dicated Law against Faith. Faith in every kind of ideal has failed. Law has triumphed. Judaism being the religion of Law, must needs triumph too, whilst Faith is bound to fail. The natural conclusion is that Chris- tianity is bound to fail."

Leading Jews have not been slow in declaring that: "Judaism, if given the same chance as Christianity, (which they hope it will have as soon as this war ends) will undoubtedly take the wind out of the sails of Christianity." It is now quite common to hear a Jewish Rabbi preach on the "Failure of Christianity," and to point out the denial of such things as the "virgin birth" and the resurrection, by educated Christian ministers. While visiting a reformed synagogue recently, the Rabbi came up in full glee, and said: "Did you read in the papers what the German Christians did to the evacuated cities and to the poor people 1" We replied that it was awful and sinful. The Rabbi declared: "This is the result of your twenty centuries of Christianity." "Oh I no!" we said: "It is one result of twenty centuries of rejection of Christianity by the Jew."

Jewish scholars have been hoping that from their efforts will ensue a weakening of the Christian faith in Jesus the Crucified. Meanwhile the denominational Christian Church has been passive.

PALESTINE AND JEWISH MISSIONS The ordinary Zionist, as well as the self-appointed leaders, declare openly "that Missionaries to Jews will be excluded from the new Jewish Palestine." The Very Reverend Dr. M., Gaster, in "Zionism and the Jewish Faith," declared: "Faith and nationality go hand in hand; nay, they are indissolubly * * * united. No one can be a Jew who does not belong to the Jewish Faith, and he who belongs to the Jewish faith belongs to the Jewish Nation. A Jew who changes his faith is tom up by the roots. There is no longer any connection between him and other Jews. He is practically dead."

The prospect of a settlement of the Jewish question is therefore still far off. The difficulties from within Jewry are by far greater than those from without. The Jewish papers show clearly that a united Jewry is a dream yet unrealized, as Dr. Henry Moskowitz clearly shows when he says: "To the Jews of America, Zkmism has no poslttve message. The American Jew is nationally American only. T):1e American Jew will not tolerate any other national political loyalty."

But however divided the Jews may be spiritually and politically, in assailing a missionary or in attacking Ohristianity, they seem to be generally united.

A OALL FOR PRAYER The whole Jewish missionary problem is momentous, but its perils are vital. In Europe there are reports of awakening interest in Jewish evangelization. The London Jewish Society, the British Jewish Society, the Established and United Free Ohurches are all busy with plans for aggressive missionary propaganda in Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia. What is more significant is the decision of the' two historic Scotch Churches to build in Jerusalem a Presbyterian Jewish Ohurch to be a permanent memorial of the deliverance of the Holy City from the Turk.

At the same time, while the British Government is rightly aiding the Jewish Commissions, reports come that leaders are not thus far encouraged to engage in definite religious work in Palestine and the conquered territories. The Rev. Samuel H. Wilkinson of the Mildmay Mission to the Jews, has been obliged to abandon, at least for the present, his proposed missionary journey to Palestine. The Rev. J. MacDonald Webster, Secretary of the United Free Ohurch, writes: "The great sweep of Allenby's Army in Palestine and Syria undoubtedly brings the re-starting of actual missionary work nearer, but how near or how far, it is impossible to say. I do not think that even here, and probably still less with you, it is understood that no missionary work whatsoever is allowed in Palestine just now. The military authorities are making use of missionaries who were formerly there in relief work, but they are not carrying on missionary activity. It is indeed doubtful whether that will be at all possible until after the peace settlement. This cannot be too clearly understood, for to think that the fact that the Allied Armies have over-run that part of the Ottoman Dominion implies the re-opening of active missionary effort, would lead to untold disappointment. I am not so sure either that all this means the open door for the Gospel in Asia and Palestine. We hope that t~is will be so, but that will depend on the controlling power, and that is not yet settled."

Similar statements from other missionaries indicate the gravity of the situation. Does not this mean that it is time for the Christian Church to awaken, and for every individual who has the cause of Christ at heart "to take no rest till He establish and till He make Jerusalem a praise in the earth 7"

China Have an

A Means of Diminishing the llliteracy of Analphabetic China BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

T HE best educated Chinese, who knows no other language than his own, is not to be blamed for being analphabet. It is true that he does not know his ABC's, but that is because he has none. Occidentals hear it said that the Chinese written language has 214 letters which constitute its alphabet, and they deeply sym- pathize with a nation so grieviously handicapped. If that were true, China's illiteracy problem would vanish like the morning dew. * The 214 "letters" are not what ilt 'J' Ii! t! * we understand by that name, i" ilt CI! Y C as they give no certain indica- :J "'-1< -, "lIf tion of sound, more often noneAI! ,. 1 >< P whatever for a given character. – tHt- . ml i" :: lit J 4. "

PI! ",1/'11 1j ..1- "J: -,'/< '-'1/1 .II it l:. ~ ~ -I »I They are simply the radical or r " j Jt it …, ……

dassifier portion of the ideo- .J1.Ji graph, used for dictionary pur- :II >l: ,. … ~ • II'l lit T 1., .. poses and often suggest the .11 ,~ ..f; J -~ . III II meaning of the word. Thus L.1.· If 7'. -II I ·- characters having the wood or tree radical are the names of JL ., If. AI-jr ~ I I 7-1 II " trees or wooden articles; the 600 heart radical is usually found in JL EI.L J/1.1~. aTz.~IiJ~i words relating to the feelings or CHINESE CHARACTERS: NEW AND OLD intellectual ideas, and the water radical is used in characters relating to the uses of water and in the names of streams. In short the Chinese has no alphabet, and each of its characters is expressive of an idea whose pronunciation will vary as widely in the Chinese dialects as the different words two, deux, zwei, duo, etc., in European languages, while each gives + the reader an idea conveyed by the Arabic symbol. Similarly mathematical signs, like and – arid chemical and astronomical symbols, express to all scholars common ideas, though differently named in the various languag€s.

As the Chinese have not boon lacking in ideas, the Imperial Dictionary of K' ang Hsi, the standard one of the language, albeit two centuries old, contains 44,449 characters, and since its publication thousands have been added to the list. While scholars do not commonly write more than five or six thousand, and though five times that number may be all that are in use, one can readily see what an endless burden it is to acquire and retain in memory even a few thousand of these.

127

The lack of an alphabet has so retarded the acquisition of the Chinese characters that other nations using them as their written language have for oenturies sought relief from the memorization of endless ideographs. Thus, the Japanese beforel the end of the ninth century of the Christian era had restricted themselves to a limited number of characters to be used as phonetic signs, and even these were abbreviated and made cursive. These attempts led. to the use of Japan's two syllabaries of 47 syllables, not letters. So also Korea attempted to shake off the intolerable burden when King SaJong in the fifteenth century gave his people the unmun or onmun phonetic alphabet, which one foreign Korean scholar asserts is unequalled in the world for simplicity and phonetic power.

In China itself, early Buddhist missionaries were so disturbed to find no alphabet, such as obtained in their native India, that they introduced what is called the fan ch'ieh, or system of initials and finals, to give the sound of words as is done now by the Chinese in dictionaries. By its use a character whose sound is unknown is represented .by two better known characters of which the first part of the first gives the initial sound of the unknown one, and the final part of the second the latter part of the sound. For instance, an unknown character, lang, might be pronounced by using the first sound of lin combined with the last part of mang, l-ang.

Protestant missionaries to China in the early days had few converts, especially among women and children who are most likely to be illiterate. But during the last half century and more, the necessity for teaching church members of the illjterate classes to. read the Bible and Christian literature gave rise to the use of the Roman letters for representing the sounds of the Chinese ideographs. Thus in 1852 the reading of a paper by Rev. Dr. Taylor of the Southern J{ethodist Board at Shanghai led to the appointment of a com-· mittee which later presented a system for the Shanghai dialect, using Roman letters with various diacritical marks. Rev. T. P. Crawford, D. D., a Southern Baptist, saw that for a nation utterly unaccustomed to phonetic analysis, it would be as difficult for the people to separate a Chinese word into its component English letters as to divide bird-shot into several parts, to use Dr. Blodgett's illustration. Hence, adopting the early Buddhist idea of initial and final sounds, he prepared a set of adapted Chinese symbols for repre-senting the two halves of every Chinese word. Shortly thereafter the Shanghai missionaries recommended it for use by the missions and it was so employed to a slight extent. Later, when Dr. Crawford removed to the Mandarin-speaking province of Shantung, he revised it for that more nearly universal language, but it has never been widely used and is not heard of today outside of that province. Subsequently several attempts were made by the present writer and others to adapt Occidental shorthand symbolil to Ohi-

SHALt ClIINA lIAVE AN ALPHABET

nese, usually with the idea of never ·using more than two symbols for a given word, following the Chinese system of initials and finals. None of these has been widely used.

A system that has been employed most successfully for the blind was a modification of the Braille, devised by the late W. H. Murray in his school for the blind in Peking and later used quite widely for sighted readers as well. He took the 408'" monosyllables of the Pekingese and arranged them in numerical order which was easily memorized by means of an ingenious rhyme. Reading thus resolved itself into translating a given number expressed in Braille into its corresponding monosyllable. As each number gave the reader a complete word, no combination of component sounds or even of the initial and final was required.

Missionaries have not been behind in fostering the new movement. For decades, Christian books and Scripture portions had been published in the Romanized Chinese, always with the limitations referred to above. Recently the indigenous system invented before the coup d' etat of 1898 by a Hanlin scholar, Wang Chao, has been vigorously furthered in North China, where it is known as kuanhua tzu-m'u, or Mandarin alphabet. Yet it is more truly a syllabary. Its seventy "letters" are all Chinese monosyllables, and the remaining 30 '" odd monosyllables of the Pekingese Mandarin are made up by combining pairs of these true monosyllables, merely eliding the final vowel sound of words that are dis syllables rather than monosyllables. Here again use is made of the initial and final of the Buddhistic fan ch'ieh system. All semblance of foreign letters is lacking in these simple adaptations of Chinese characters, and the writing is still further acceptable through its being done in perpendicular columns instead of in horizontal lines as in English. Mr. Wang's fifty initials remain as they were, but missionaries have increased his twelve finals to twenty in order to obviate the use of one final for a number of different final sounds as in his plan. The chief drawback to the intelligent use of phonetic writing has been the failure to mark emphasis, without which phonetic reading cannot readily be understood. In this system the emphasis is marked in each clause, as are the tones of emphatic words, thus making the meaning stand out almost as clearly as if the sentences were spoken aloud. Through the generosity of Mr. S. J. W. Clark and the practical assistance of Mr. McIntosh, of the Presbyterian Mission Press, the Gospel of St.•Tohn has already been printed and also the Catechism. As the average illiterate can be taught to read in two weeks with lessons of an hour or two each day, the system promises well for the future. While the learner does not memorize all the words of the language by number, 408 or more, according to the dialect, as in Mr. Murray's words, it can easily be adapted to differing dialects. The objection raised against it, that it varies from the Government

phonetic system, is partly met by the consideration that the latter often requires the combination of three incongruous sounds to make a word, whereas this one calls for only two true phonetic symbols, easy of pronunciation, for any word. Both systems are being stressed.

Despite the fact that the Chinese ideographs constitute the most formidable obstacle to China's progress and hence preseut the problem that most urgently demands attention, as stated in a recent issue of the Far Eastern Review, the ideograph is bound to remain so long as the language continues to be monosyllabic. In the nature of the case, relatively few monosyllables are possible, especially as the Chinese favor open syllables, thus reducing the total number of possibilities. With the utmost number of monosyllables in the Pekingese official dialr.ci- ·120 including eccentric pronunciations-there are, on an average, 105 characters pronounced the same, if the total number in the Imperial Dictionary is divided by 420. In a pocket dictionary widely used by missionaries, there are 165 characters Romanized as chi, like our letter g, and 178 Romanized as i, like our letter e. While these are exceptions as producers of ambiguity, it will readily be seen that whereas everyone of the different characters so pronounced varies from all others having the same sound, thus avoiding all ambiguity, in any Romanized or indigenous phonetic system, there can be only one Romanized or phonetic equivalent for these 165 chi's and another for the 178 ·i's.

Japan has repeatedly discuss'ed the question of using only the Romanized equivalents for the Chinese characters, which still are employed in all their best literature; and though she has societies to promote the Romaji, the final verdict always is that the Chinese ideograph is incomparable as an expression of ideas. This decision is reached, though one reads annually in the native "Japan Year Book" such statements as this: "The ideographs are a clog to the progress of ,education, and their discontinuance and the adoption of the Romanization system would shorten the school course of Japanese boys by two or three years. The Romanization movement was started decades ago; but as yet there is little hope of its being adopted in schools, and Japan in the meanwhile must continue to use the cumbrous system of jdeography." This is said in a country where the records of the Imperial Diet show that 2,000 ideographs suffice to report the addresses, while only 1,360 Ohinese characters are used in elementary school grades. Moreover, the Japanese is a polysyllabic language and does not require differing ideographs to avoid ambiguity, as in Chinese. How much more, then, is China certain to continue to use her difficult characters.

* As a matter of fact, in Sir Thomas Wade's system of Romanization Perkingese has 420 syllables. The numerical discrepancy is due to the fact that some of the syllables are omitted because but rarely used.

@~""…..B.. DEUdS.T ~M. ET_HO…..D_.S'~ m~O'

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign. Mission Boards UNDER HANDICAP THERE is more than a smooth- victory just ahead, is this courageous ly flowing rhyme in that old verse, facing of handicapped life after the war. The wonders we are witness- "Tis easy enough to. be happy ing should bring a new revelation to When life flows on like a song us of the possibility for missionary But the man worth while service. Our complaints about our Is the man with a smile handicaps in the winning of a world When everything goes dead wrong." should forever cease, and systemati- The testing time comes when cally we should start out to enlist everything goes dead wrong. Worth and train for service many whom we while folks are not those who can have heretofore listed as disabled. sing only ready-made songs, but those who can make a song out of a Let us away with the habit we situation in which other people see have formed of sympathizing with not enough poetry for a rhyme and ourselves because of our disabilities. not enough harmony for a chord; Some of the finest work of the world who can win the race with a handi- has been done and is being done by cap, which other people consider a men and women who have, by sheer reason for not even entering for the determination and consecration, running. faced tremendous handicaps, before which other men and women have One of the wonders of these reconstruction days is the way in helplessly despaired, and who have which maimed soldiers are being lit- wrought with splendid courage until erally made over and fitted for a their liabilities actually became their part in the world's work instead of being thrown out on humanity~s assets. scrap heap. No pitiful wrecks of The Talent of Blindness. When men, seated by the way side, displaying their disabilities in the way Dr. William Moon was stricken most advantageous to the exciting of with blindness, all of his hopes pity and the extraction of small coins, and ambitions seemed utterly crushare to follow in the wake of this war, ed. What use was there in the we are told. No matter how heavy world for a blind physician? After their handicap, men are 'bravely the first awful shock was past, learning new trades if they are dis- he began to readjust his life-not abled for the old ones. "Every man to days of dumb resignation, but to according to his several abilities" is coming into' a fuller meaning than days of altered service. ever before. More heroic even than For forty-five sightless years he the way the soldiers marched forth to battle in full health and strength, raised blind eyes to God in fervent with the inspiration of martial music prayer that he might not fail to see and ringing cheers, and the lure of and to use his opportunity. At the end of those forty-five years he re- corded one of the most remarkable testimonies ever given. He said: "It has pleased God to bestow on me the talent of blindness. I have tried 131

hard not to bury my talent in the was not going to leave them again napkin of despair and hopelessness, for such a long journey, but that she but to use it for His glory." was just stepping around the cor- Without his handicap William nero So, without the handclasp or Moon would likely have been one the kiss for which she longed, but among thousands of physicians. which would be fraught with dan- Handicapped, he became an outstand- ger to those she loved, Mary Reed ing benefactor of humanity, for he went gaily down the old walk she invented the Moon system of reading loved, waving her hand with a kiss- for the blind which has opened the to go around her corner to do the Word of God. and many other rich greatest work a woman has ever treasures to thousands of sightless done for the suffering lepers of the eyes. The same handicap which puts world.

one man on the street corner begging, The message she sent back home puts another in the Hall of Fame as when her mother heard that her a world 'benefactor. The ability to daughter was a leper, working among recognize the "talent of blindness" lepers, has become a missionary c1as- would change many lives from dumb sic-HI am going back not with a resignation or complaining endurance sigh but with a song."

to fine, consecrated service. METHODS OF WORK FOR The Talent o~ Leprosy. The !'SHUT INS." The extras were whole world has marvelled at the crying a terrible railroad accident.

work of Mary Reed, called into In the hospital a little woman for- a great service by a handicap most of got her agony as she looked anxious- us would be very slow to recognize ly into the doctor's face to read what as a talent. At horne in Ohio on omen of good or ill tidings she saw her furlough as a missionary she dis- written there. The days lengthened covered symptoms of leprosy. She into weeks and the weeks into went immediately to New York to months and finally she went horne in consult an eminent specialist who, an ambulance, knowing at last that confirmed her fears. To all who , the rest of her days must be spent read the story of her quick decision on her back. A great wave of bit- which followed the pronouncement terness swept over her. She, who of the doctor's diagnosis, there comes had always been the center of activ- a sudden flood of wondering admir- ity in her church was to be cast ation. There was no place for des- aside, broken and useless. In an- pair nor even gloomy forbodings in guish she lifted up her soul to God her plans. With an ever strengthen- and begged that He would take her ing conviction that a great new op- home and spare her the shame of a portunity had opened before her to useless life. But as she lay in her give her life to work among lepers room day after day the bitterness to whose company she was not ad- gradually disappeared, and she mitted, Mary Reed went back to her learned to live with Him and talk home in Ohio. So that she might with Him as she talked with no not shadow her mother's life with friend on earth. One by one she such a sorrow and so that none of took her friends to God in prayer.

the loved ones at home should be As her pastor preached she prayed exposed to infection, she decided to for him. When the missionary so- return to the mission field immedi- ciety was meeting she spent the ately. She told her mother that un- time in intercession. She had ex- expected changes had made it neces- pected to be shut in alone and shut sary for her furlough to be cut short, out from all her former interests, and playfully persuaded the folks at but gradually she found the bound- home to make it easier for her to aries of her life enlarging until they go by "pretending" that she really embraced the ends of the earth. Her

BEST METHODS

friends who had dreaded at first to Building Methods. Ida Gracey was the daughter of a· Methodist face the ordeal of going to see her clergyman. For long years she and hearing her tell of her affliction suffered from a torturing and infound that it was not of herself and curable disease of the spine.Beof her sorrows she talked. Grad- cause of her own agony her heart ually her room became a community was filled with an overflowing symcenter and a place of prayer. Real- pathy for the crippled girls of China izing the power of her life of inter- about whom she read. What could cession, her pastor came in one day ,;lie do? Sighs for the money she that she might pray with him before did not have would build no homes he spoke. After that he came reg- for these neglected girls in China.

ularly. Friends who were in trou- Longings to address meetings and ble or in perplexity formed the habit thrill audiences and to work as other of dropping in that this little wo- girls work availed nothing. Con- man who prevailed in prayer might stant bemoaning her inability to intercede for them. One day a do anything would only embitter her bride and groom came straight to own life. Ida Gracey bravely faced her from the altar, bringing her the her handicap and began one of the bride's roses and kneeling beside the finest pieces of missionary service couch thatt she might pray with them that has ever blessed China. She ere they went out on their life to- began to pray for money to build gether. After that the visit. to her a school for cripples in China. Be- room seemed a natural part of every fore she died she had the joy of wedding in the congregation.. Once sending to China the money which the girls' society was giving a mis- h:ld come in answer to her prayers sionary pageant in the Church. to build the first school for crippled They came over in their costumes childen in all that great land.

to "cheer her up," but as they went CHURCH HANDICAPS. In ad- away they realized that it was she dition to personal handicaps it is more who had cheered them for great than likely that our society must work tasks by her simple, earnest prayer under some very peculiar difficulties.

with them. There seemed nothing After every good conference on meth- constrained or forced in the eager ods, almost every woman present who sympathy with which she said to asks for an interview with the lead- even the casual caller, "Wait a mo- er does it to explain that she is ment before you go. I haven't working under "very peculiar diffi- prayed with you yet." Under her culties." It is amazing to find how pillow she kept always a little book very similar these very peculiar dif- in which were noted the people for ficulties are. All of us have them.

whom she daily interceded. All As a matter of fact, the societies and down the pages were names marked the churches that are doing success- which indicated answered prayer. ful work are succeeding not because When the call did come for her they have no handicap, but because to go Home her pastor and her they have learned to overcome dif- Church knew the most active and ficulties. "The man who says the efficient worker in the congregation thing cannot be done is interrupted had gone from them, and her in these days by the .man who is doing "prayer-book" furnished such a mar- it." Here follow the interesting ex- vellous record of prevailing prayer periences of some of the churches that others were constrained to a and societies which have overcome life of intercession. Joyfully she difficulties that are typically pecu- stepped into the presence of her liar.

Lord, having finished the work given , Mission Study Under Quaran- her to do. tine. The whole world has been

handicapped this year by the in- ences cited. Forty-six women atfluenza situation. Grace Covenant tended the review meeting and twen- Presbyterian Church, Richmond, ty others who could not be present Virginia, met the same difficulties in mission study this fall that have were reported as having read the faced almost every other church, book. but Grace Covenant Church is numbered among those who over- The Reach of a Reading Club. came. When the time came for the "Oh, if we could only. get more Fall Mission Study Classes, influenza women to read these splendid Miswas raging and the Board of Health sion Study Books" sighed one put a ban on all meetings. After woman helplessly. Mrs. E. H. Bronmuch study and prayer, the presi- son of Bridgeport, Connecticut, dent of the Missionary Society, Mrs. echoed this same lamentation, but she followed it with- more than a helpless J. W. Sinton, outlined a plan for sigh. This is what she did about it: Mission Study under Quarantine, "Feeling that we must get more which contained the following women to read our missionary books, points: I 'concentrated' on plans until I de- cided that The New Fiction Club Since meetings at the church were had the best one of all. That Cnh impossible the women were to study has twenty-five members, e~ch of the book at home. The women to whom buys a book and passes it on be reached were divided into groups until all the members have read all of four. A printed slip containing the books. In our Reading Contest explanation of the plan and the names of the four women ill her cir- we had four missionary books to be cle was given to each group leader. read. We secured six leaders, ('<teh The group leader was asked to buy of whom was commissioned to find a copy of the book to be studied, three other women who would prom- "The Path of Labor," and to paste ise to do two things-buy one book the slip of explanation in it before and read the fOUf. We 'allowed two she passed it on to the next woman weeks for the reading of each book. on the list. The cost of the book was Then it was passed on to the next forty cents which was met by the member, the four books being read leader paying the entire cost, and re- by each member of the club in eight ceiving a refund of thirty cents from weeks. the second reader, who in turn asked for twenty cents from the third. "A still wider circle of inf!u~nc~ The fourth member of the group was secured by the next st'ep, which refunded ten cents to the third, so that the book cost each one only ten was to pass the books on to another cents, and no one had to make a col- circle of four who did not have to pay lecting tour. The study began on for them. This is to be repeated many October 24th. Each one was allowed a week in which to read the book. times during the year. Each reader i.3 asked to write her name on the fly When it was possible to hold a leaf of each book she reads. At the meeting at the church the women end of the year the book goes back were asked to bring sandwiches and to the woman who purchased it, its come for an all-day review. The value being enhanced by the autofirst half hour was spent in prayer graphs of all who have read it. We for Home Missions. Then a review are trying this plan for the first time of the book was given, the outline this year and are finding that interest being presented by excellent charts and enthusiasm are following- the inon the different chapters. There fol- terchange and discussion of the books. lowed a lively discussion, with ques- "Another thing that adds interest is tions asked and interesting experi- the state recognition of missionary reading. Our state organization in Connecticut has six loving cups-one for each association. At the Annual

Meeting of the Home Mission Socie- "No Money." In the rural comty in April th,e cups are awarded to munities one of the ever present the church in each Association which reasons given for small contributions reports the highest percentage of its is that, while the farmers' wives live membership having read the four surrounded by an abundance of good books assigned for the year. things, very little actual money passes through their hands. Butter and "There is some friendly rivalry eggs are exchanged for groceries, between the larger churches, though and none of the sales of the products the churches with small membership of the farm come to the farmer's could more easily have the higher wife in cash form. In one Tennespercentage." see congregation which had made very small gifts to missions, it was Overcoming "The Usual Hour decided to give to mission work all Handicap. Most of our churches the eggs laid on Sunday. When the are failing utterly to claim the other eggs were sold in exchange for ability of their fine business wo- coffee and sugar the Sunday eggs men because they continue to an- were sold for cash. To the amazenounce misssionary meetings "at the ment of the ·congregation the amount usual hour," which is probably three- given in this way was sufficient to thirty when all business women are support a native evangelist in Japan. at work. A few wise ones are beginning to realize that a perfectly or- Rainy Day Meetings. There are thodox women's missionary meeting leaders who despair at a falling may be convened after nightfall and barometer and who feel that a few are lifting the former tacit curfew drops of rain are a dreadful handirestrictions. Here is the story of a cap for a missionary meeting. Virginia success along this line: One August day in 1806 five stud- "A few young business women of ents from Williams College met in a the First Baptist Church of Lynch- grove to talk and pray together al:lout burg, Va., who could not go to the the great non-Christian world to meetings of the Missionary Society which no missionary from America which were usually held during the afternoon, decid ~d that because they had yet gone. When the rain and even the thunder began no one were business women was no reason moved that the meeting be adjourned why they should not have part in or postponed because so few were the King's business, so they formed a present., Noone spent any time in Business Women's Missionary Socie- incriminations against the students ty which is proving a great success. who did not attend. The five who They come to the church from their were there were so intensely in earplaces of business and have a lunch, nest they simply sought shelter under which affords a splendid opportunity a nearby haystack and continued their for relaxation after the day's work prayers for open doors and for God's and makes it possible for them to guidance. There is a monument have a share in the social life 0f the which marks that spot, but no monucongregation. Then follow spicy ment could record the results of that programs on the topics given in the rainy day prayer meeting. Dr. Sammissionary magazine. A Current uel B. Capen, late President of the Events Club always has something of American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions said, "The powinterest to add to. each program. While small at first the society is er of the sun will be measured by a rapidly Teachin~ the business women yard stick sooner than the results of and enlisting them one by one. In- the haystack meeting by statistics." stead of contributing ten cents a The first foreign missionary society in month the members of this society America organized and the first foravera~ed $17.00 per member last eign missionaries sent to the field year."

were only the beginning- of results. had brought her to Jesus and was On the centenary of that Haystack fitting her to have part in the great Prayer Meeting a group of laymen new enterprise of giving a larger were called to meet in Fif.th Avenue Christian literature to the women Presbyterian Church in New York. and children of China. Finer yet If the men who were invited to that than the ability to make the most of meeting had despaired because the one's own life is the ability to see rain poured down, there would have and make the most of the possibilities been no Laymen's Missionary Move- ill other Ii'. es, for that life is fullest ment. In some societies rainy clay which fills other lives to overflowing.

meetings are fraught with unusual blessing. THE; GLORY OF IRON ME;DALS Rules for Successful Rainy Day Meetings. Do not postpone the Are we prone to sigh for an meeting because of rain. If you do, nnhandicapped service? Do we look the next time a cloud no bigger with admiring envy at some who than a man's hand appears in that seem to leap unhampered to success? sky some will say, "There will not Do we chafe at the bars that hem onr own lives in? Several years ago be any meeting to-day." there was published in The Literary Do not adjourn because only a Digest a poem to the Chicago River which revealed in that unsung stream small number are present. Reward, a glory surpassing the glory of the by the best meeting possible, those who have come. Occupy none of the time of those Danube or the Rhine.

who are present by dilating upon the "They have bound me with bridges unfaithfulness of those who are ab- With tunnels burrowed under me.

sent. Incessant, unresting, all day and all night, Let there be enough of cheer on Traffic roars over me and my uplook to the inside to dispel the gloom out- the blessed sky side-cheer in decorations, cheer in Is barred by cables, girders. stacks. My banks with docks close hedged in- the program, cheer in the leader. exorably hem me in.

Give special place to intercession. Vacantly through smoke and floating After the meeting send notes to smudge The sun looks down upon me, absent members telling them about Like the bleared eye of an old, old man, the interesting rainy day meeting, No outcast of the gutter slinks by more so:led than I and announcing some special feature Polluted within and without.- that will be reserved for the next But on my shackled breast I bear corn rainy day meeting. and iron, lumber and coal.

Remember that future generations The little children of India eat of my wheat will have no monuments for those My lumber shelters the stricken of Meswho despair on account of rain. sina Finding Others. The story of The iron that burdens me forms a ready that disciple who found his broth- tool Fit for the hand of man. er .and brought him to Jesus is one What singer can sing of me one lowof the first missionary stories recorded. Not for salvation only but keyed song? The Hudson, the Danube, the Nile, the for service as well does this oppor- Rhinetunity of finding others come to us. All these, all these have their poets As beautiful women their lovers, At a Northfield conference one of the most regular attendants was a But I-soiled am I and brackish As sweat on the brow of a workman, girl who was wheeled into the meet- But the broad ships that weigh my breast ings day after day, although she Are like iron medals; with these words wrought: was never able to sit erect. Yet a re- "For Service." turned missionary had found in her Therein alone is my glory, I serve, I an unusual gift. as a translator, and serve."

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY Representative of the Federation ,of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards Historic Step in Federation which was "Via Christie") and a demand for trained leaders of study NOT every beginning has a known classes. Northfield summer school date. Women who serve ,a great was the pioneer in 1904. cause like that of foreign missions are inclined to get together for prac- Step 2 tical and inspirational barter whether interdenominational mar k e t s are 'fhe year 1910 is marked in red planned or not. Such a conference and gold as the Jubilee, the proof women from different boards was gram of which was initiated by the held before the Parliament of Reli- Central Committee. The story of gions (1893), but the exact date, its nation-wide success, the thrillwhether before or after the World's ing enthusiasm of its luncheons, as- Fair, has not been found. Other semblies, prayers, and gifts is known gatherings followed, usually at an in- to all. terval of one year without the formality of federating. Results-Briefly Outlined.

Step 1 1909. Gathering of women's boards of foreign missions voted to meet The o_utstanding event of 1900 was tri-ennially. (Origin of term the Ecumenical Conference held in "Tri-ennial Conference.") New York City. And the greatest day for women was April 24th, when 1911. (May) Boards voted, to federate Miss Abbie B. Child presented a for conservation of Jubilee scheme for systematic mission study gains, since the Central Comto be followed by women of all mittee had begged to be rechurches. The Central Committee leased from all responsibility for United Study of Foreign Mis- save that of publishing study sions was then created, representing books. at first five, later seven denominations. This committee has reported 1912. Large attendance of delegates on regularly to the Interdenominational invitation of Jubilee Continua- Conference, although it was not ap- tion Committee of Philadephia. pointed by it. New plan of Federation Adopt- ed, leading to The World Committee which organized the women's program at 1913. Organization of 5 Territorial Comthe Ecumenical Conference went missions and a General Advisory out of existence that year leaving Commission. the Central Committee for United Study and the only national inter- 1914. Publication of Bulletin, denominational committee to offer 1915. Suggestion of merging Triennial a report to the Conference of W 0man's Boards of Foreign Missions. Conference and Federation for It became necessary for it to assume the sake of simplicity and leadership in the organization of strength in organization. summer schools of missions. This was in response to a growing inter- Step 3 est in the Study of Central Committee text books (the first of If the preceding steps have seemed chapters dryas dust, dealing with the outward and visible By-law rather than the inward and spiritual grace of our Federation, it will be pleasant to read that in 1916 the merging was successfully achieved, "the wedding celebrated," as the Bulletin for April, 1916, expressed it, "at 25 Madison Avenue, New York City." Henceforth we can use the 137

new title, "Federation of Woman's garden, but they are separated not Boards . of Foreign Missions of by fences nor even hedges but by North America." paths!

And, by the way, nowhere can one 2nd. A development of some find a more satisfactory reflection of blessed by-products of the Jubilee, the spirit of the Federation and the scope of its activities than in those such as dear old numbers of .the Bulletin. This magazine of 32 pages was is- Missionary pageants. sued at first (1914) twice a year, but Lecture courses on the study books. soon afterward appeared quarterly A national day of prayer for foreign miswithout reducing the size or increasing the price (25 cents). sions (this year Jan. 10, 1919). A committee on Christian literature for Dipping into the contents one realizes what talented writers, what con- the women and children of mission secrated personalities have been and fields. are shaping the form and functions Several new summer schools. of the Federation. The first copy Many local missionary unions. appeared just before the war in Europe; the second in October, 3rd. A bulletin of four pages ap- 1914, described Mrs. Knox's experi- pearing six times a year in the "Misence when caught in Germany on the sionary Review of the World." fateful 31st of July. And the war note persisted as Mrs. N. D. Hillis 4th. Six standing committees on wrote of prayer, and Mrs. Montgom- which serve nearly 50 women repreery of song rallies for victory. Mr. senting 12 different Boards. Oldham was quoted on "War and Missions," and Mrs. Peabody de- Types of work: scribed the greatest battlefield Home Base. ( motherhood in India) with a fine Methods of Work. portrait of Dr. Ida Scudder. Publication and Literature. Summer Schools. But most valuable of all was the Student work. comprehensive summary from. time Foreign Field. to time of the varied responsibilities Interdenominational Institutions. resting definitely upon the Christian Christian Literature. women of North America. And that brings us to Step 5-The Future Step 4-The Present In the days to come the Federa- tion will continue to meet annually Out of past experience and pray- for the pJ'actical and inspirational aderful faith there have been evolved: vantages of a delegated assemblage; it will continue to serve the Boards 1st. An organization that demo- in an advisory capacity, encouraging cratically makes a place for the local unions, and a more complete Boards of smaller as well as larger mobilization of individuals and communions, a Federation that is groups. Never was concerted planpurely advisory and yet truly influ- ning more necessary than in this ential, and a plan that is both stable and flexible. In this missionary gar- "New Era." Moreover it will, we den are growing enthusiasm for the hope, enlarge its scope and greatest task in the world, courage strengthen its influence, showing for increased responsibility, friendly both daring initiative and persistent interchange of methods, and love for common sense. For "to be a Chrisall that concerns world friendship- tian today is to be an explorer, an international, interracial uplift-as adventurer." Highest courage, well as all the "Fruits of the Jubi- broadest vision, kindliest disposition, lee." There are many beds in the and deepest spirituality are demanded in this epoch of world reconstruction through missions. The Federation will not fail. Instead· it will summon not only the interested one-fifth but also the indifferent four-fifths of our church membership to appreciate fully the challenge of the following message.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

A WIDER WORLD FOR WOMEN assumes her task she will find her By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody absolute need of them. The en- (Given at Northfield last summer and larged sphere of woman's work in now reprinted in booklet form.) relation to the Church will demand The very greatest thing that women might do to save the world an enlarged sphere of the Church has not yet been attempted. It would in relation to woman's work. The revolutionize the Church and bring Creator has not limited woman. the Kingdom of God on earth. Jesus She has been oppressed by the greed emphasized it by teaching and ex- of man, by her own evil tendencies ample. Suppose we should try to and weaknesses, by false religions train the children of the Church and by misinterpretation of the as faithfully for international friend- Christian religion. But He has ship, i. e.: foreign missions, as the opened to womankind wide doors Germans have trained their children of opportunity and service from the for militarism. Suppose we could beginning of the world until 110W, enlist the children, not just yours though the Church may have failed and mine, but all the children of the to catch His vision or to live His community, the city, the countryside life. It has not entirely failed for for world service. Children respond quietly, without uniform or parade, with enthusiasm to a great appeal. the groups of women in missionary Suppose we should never let them get societies have been laying founda- to the place where they need to be tions, and they no longer work apart reformed, but should form them in childhood. Suppose when we mothers * * * denominationally, but have federated and older sisters and grandmothers 'lay down our war work we should for larger service. begin to conserve our own American Foreirn Missions. enrollin!! in its children for the rebuilding of the world. Women who have worked organizations less than one-fifth of for the French and Belgian orphans the women of the churches, is might be brought into closer relations pledged to colossal tasks. The to the Church through the needs of women of vast nations like India the children. and China, numbering literally hun- dreds of millions, have practically It will not be safe to trust to a no medical aid. There are no medleague of nations to keep peace un- ical units with ambulance corps and less the standards of nations are equipment for them. They are born, changed. This change will not come bear children at an incredibly early in a day. age, and die on the battlefield of motherhood, with only the aid that. While men discuss plans to pre- comes from a small mission hospital vent war, let Christian women make or an over-burdened woman doctor. such plans possible by educating chil- The great majority of these women dren in the ideals of world brother- are prevented by rigid social custom hood. It is an easy task with all from seeing a medical man, and few the beautiful helps, and the child women doctors are seeking a wider heart is ready to welcome the whole world. The emergency call today world of children. comes to all women with merciful hearts to provide adequately for the Will not a group of women and medical schools now opening for Oriental women. They are equipped * * * girls in every Church make this their liberally with faith, but lack friends, funds, and faculty. The students part of world reconstruction? are ready, thanks to the beginning There is room, is need, in the Church made in girls' schools fifty years ago, for every kind of womanly service when women, north and south, turned and talent. When the Church really from their own bitter grief, to enter into the sorrow of the world.

There are three new women's col- service received scant attention. Dr. leges also begging to be made strong, Patton has called it the most neglectthat they may make strong leaders ed theme, and stated that no church for women. All the great divisions could be found to support a literaof the Protestant Church are uniting ture missionary, because the medical, to meet this crisis. Can the women evangelistic, and industrial work who have rendered such splendid seemed of vastly greater worth to the service in the war fail to respond non-Christian world. to this call-this age-long need? Will not the whole Church put its The scale of values is, however, power back of these organizations as being revised. The time is aproachthe governments of the nations have ing when many shall be proud to stood behind women in war service, dedicate their lives to this service, giving co-operation and support, and to make it of prime importance commensurate with this magnificent in extending the Kingdom of Christ. undertaking to carry the message of Jesus to all nations in terms they can "We are creating a generation of understand, terms of home, health, readers and students in our Christian education, social rights, spiritual schools and colleges," writes Miss .awakening, eternal life? Alice M. Kyle, "and they need the best literature, but we are trying to The Church must adopt a large satisfy their growing appetites with program to win women to large serv- the husks.. Shall we not give them ice. It must redeem county and some of our overflowing abundcommunity from civil forces, whether ance?" in such forms as licensed drunkenness and indecency, or the more Translations of such books as subtle forms of extravagant pleas- "Silas Marner," "Little Lord Faunture. It must train the children of leroy," "Sara Crew," "The Wide the homes and the streets. It must Wide World," and "Birds' Christmas improve social conditions and protect Carol" with Chinese Ruggleses, are. from greed and from avarice those eagerly read and do a world of good who toil. It must make this country in counteracting the evil influence worth dying for and an ideal place of cheap and smutty French novels. to live in. It must recognize international ideals born of the interna- Miss Laura M. White is editor tionalism of Calvary. It must call of the only Christian magazine for in the name of the Lord Christ women in all China (Nu To Pas so for volunteers for world service. It "The Woman's Messenger"). must equip and send all who will go to proclaim the Gospel of the Prince Two young women, Miss Yuen of Peace. It must hold to the eternal and Miss Li are associated with Miss verities, and ridding itself of au- White, and two Chinese men scholtocracy and formalism must ex- ars are also on the editorial staff. emplify the sacrificial life of Him Miss Yuen does the serious work, who shed His blood to destroy the and has recently published an powers of evil and to establish His original temperance story, "From Kingdom of righteousness. Defeat to Victory." Miss Li has just finished an adaptation of Robert Christian Literature in China E. Speer's "One Girl's Influence."

A very important movement for Equally important is the work of the women and children of mission Mrs. MacGillvray, a Canadian Presfields was started in 1912, when the byterian missionary of Shanghai Federation appointed a committee on who gives. her time without salary Christian Literature. Time was to edit "Happy Childhood," a when this feature of foreign mission Chinese "Everyland" for children. Over 3000 paid subscribers mean about ten thousand devoted readers, and the list is increasing every month.

fROM MANY

CHINA as a fruit merchant in Sidney, Aus- tralia, and is a very broad-minded, China's President and Opium far-seeing business man, an ardent advocate of schools for the rising THE decision of the Chinese Presi- generation, although himself without dent, Hsu Shih-ch'ang, to burn extensive education. the stock of opium acquired by influ- . Mr. Ma organized the Cantonese Non-Denominational C h u r c h 0 f ential Chinese from a Shanghai Shanghai. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a steady Opium Combine for the purpose of supporter of all forms of evangelis- tic work. Recently he has given reopening the traffic in China is a $50,000 to provide homes for aged preachers, the homes to be open to matter of praise not only from Chi- applicants of all denominations.

nese but from all civilized nations. A Chinese Naval Study Circle The loss of the $14,000,000 stock, to ONE of the inspiring revelations in these creative days in missay nothing of the loss to the govern- sions is the animated interest which Chinese students are taking in the ment in revenue, and at a time when relation of Christianity to national and social life. The Chinese Governthe country is in financial straits, the ment Naval College in Nanking is one of five such institutions in China. loss of popularity among certain offi- About one hundred trained students are in attendance, and a year· ago cial circles personally interested in there was not one Christian among them. But through the wife of one continuing the traffic seem to have of the students, Lieut. Leland T. Wang, a fine piece of constructive weighed little in the President's mind mission work grew up. Lieut. Wang became a Christian and his before the significance to the Chinese thorough scholarship and social tact eminently fitted him for leadership. nation of the proposed backward He immediately set about studying the practical application of Christianstep. ity upon the social life of the Naval College and soon the Staff donated This action on the part of China a room for a Bible class. Sixteen students have now intelligently acdemonstrates a quality of strength cepted Christ and thirteen have united with the Christian Church at in her people that is not adequately Hsiakwan.

grasped by the west. This eradica- Missionaries Lead Relief Work tion of a century old vice was not CHINESE confidence in Protestant missionaries was demonstrated put in force through the issuing of when over a quarter of a million dollars was placed in their hands for edicts by the government alone but was due to the imperceptible and immense pressure of public opinion- the opinion and belief of millions and hundreds of millions of inarticu- late Chinese scattered throughout the vast distances of China, a force im- bued with the simple and definite in- stinct of right. .

The racial mind of China is built on simple and on stubborn lines, with a bluntness and lronesty that make for character. This primal force was backed by the momentum of hundreds of millions of people, think- ing along the same lines.

China's John Wanamaker MR. MA MlNG PlU, manager of the "Sincere Department Store" of. Canton, has established large department stores in Honkong, Shanghai and Canton. He began business 141

flood relief. George L. Davis of For the EvangeHzatlon ot China Peking, describes the work of tIle missionaries in administering this ONE of the most effective though fund. quiet forces operating for the evangelization of China is The Chi- "Heavy rains caused allthe rivers nese Christian Intelligencer, a publito break their banks, and late in Sep- cation issued by the Mission Press tember we faced a scene of desola- at Shanghai. Nearly seven thousand' tion and a waste of suffering that copies go out every week, to nearly will rank with the great tragedies of all the provinces of China and to China. Between three and four mil- Chinese living in the United States, lion people were without homes or Canada, Honolulu, the Philippines, food, and their villages were sur- New Zealand, Hongkong, Singapore, rounded, first by water, and later by Burma, Sumatra and elsewhere. A ice. In many places fuel was not to number of copies went to the coolie be had." labor forces in France. During the past year, readers of the Chinese "It was to save and relieve the vic- Christian Intelligencer contributed tims of this overwhelming disaster $82,500 to flood and famine sufferers that the Christian forces of China of China. united. Although the city of Peking was not directly affected, the Chris- Gospel Work on China's Waterways tian missionaries of that city formed a relief society to cooperate with the A LARGE proportion of the Chi- Christian Committee in Tientsin and nese 'population are born, live and the government relief organizations. die on boats. In Canton there is a water population of 120,000' and in "Relief work was divided into sev- Hongkong some 55,000 never sleep eral branches. Soup kitchens and on land. In addition to the innumrefuges were established. Asylums erable estuaries along the coast of for children and industrial schools China there are more than 175,000 were started.. Financial support was miles of navigable rivers and canals given in the rehabilitation of the de- within the empire. These waterways vastated areas, and many hundreds not only afford facilities for trade, of people were given new land in but are used extensively for spread- Manchuria." ing the Gospel. No evangelistic work in recent years has been more Confucian Teacher Gives II Whole successful among· women nor more filled with promise than that carried School on by Miss K. B. Evans and a group of Bible women on their gospel boat, "you pushed me through the The Good News, in the waterways about. Shanghai. These workers door of this new doctrine," travel from station to station, visit- ~aid a Confucian teacher in Tientsin ing women in their own homes and to a missionary, "and now you can't holding services for them. -drive me out. I want all my stu- -dents to know about it, and you must Successful Evangelism help me." This man had been teaching a private school in. the ex- SO M E interesting evangelistic German Concession, but has brought methods in connection with his entire school with twenty-five country work are reported from students under the control of the Swabue, Kwangtung, by the English Methodist Mission, introduced the Presbyterian Mission. Six days' Mission curriculum and is teaching evangelistic services in connection at a salary of $6 a month. Access with one country church were to twenty-five pupils with the Chris- planned, with separate services each tian message, and through them to a day for men and women. Then on whole comer of a growing section of four successive occasions the Chris- Tientsin, is just such an "open door" as the missionary is always seeking and rarely finds.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tians were visited in their homes and of alcoholic beverages from the mintold about these plans. Just before istry and from mission service. the meeting a poster was put into every house in the town and at the A Picture From Idfe same time a personal invitation given. As a result the attendance was very M ISS SARAH E. HOPWOOD, satisfactory. The preaching was done of St. Agnes' School, Anking, by preachers in neighboring towns. China, has contributed to The Spirit The subjects centered around Power, of Missions some so-called "Thumbthe Power of the Gospel, and Per- nail Sketches" of her work" from sonal Responsibility. As a result, which the following is quoted: fifty-two young men gave their names as being willing to study in a church "The sudden silence in the room night-school. caused the foreigner at the princi- pal's desk to look up questioningly. -The Chinese Recorder. At her elbow was a small apparition seemingly sprung from the earth it- Dangers in Rice Wine self. It was a girl-such a girl- stunted, her black hair straggling SO much has always been said across her tear-stained face, her one about the opium curse in China garment slipping from shoulders that alcoholism has •hardly been bruised and blackened by some cruel thought of as a problem. The beating; her legs bare and smeared Chinese Recorder, published in with country mud, and in her eyes Shanghai, comments, however, upon the look of a death-stricken animal. an open letter on the subject of 'Please, teacher'-a silence broken temperance recently addressed by by hoarse breathing and a hoarse the Canton Missionary Association cough-'I have come many miles. to the Christian public of South My father wishes to sell me. I have China, calling attention to the in- worked. My mother and I have juries resulting from alcoholic bev- worked. We have saved this. I erages, especially the so-called rice wish to learn; some day to teach, so wine (which is really rice whiskey) that my mother may rest.' Somethat is used even at the Communion thing in the foreigner's face apservice. ,This ietter points out that palled the child. 'Ah, teacher, a large number of diseases treated teacher, say it will be enough. I have in the hospitals are attributable to worked !' And the misshapen little alcoholic beverages. Rice wine, it is heap of rags, collapsed at the teachsaid, contains only 5 per cent less er's. feet, still holding out her all, alcohol than whiskey of the usual her treasure–seven dollars and fifty strength, and is four or five times cents to pay for six years' schoolas strong as beer or foreign wines. ing. And there were sixty-five girls The letter points out the danger that already, in quarters inadequate for this stimulant may take the place of forty. What did the foreigner do?" opium, and that as a matter of fact opium is the less' injurious of the JAPAN-CHOSEN' two. One serious element in this situation is that alcoholism is deeply Will Buddhism Die with Militarism? rooted among the leaders of the churches, pastors and teachers being DR. DANJO EBINA, veteran and included among its users. The letter leading Japanese Christian pastor urges that a crusade for prohibition be of Tokyo, suggests that Buddhism is started by the preparation and circu- doomed to die a natural death when lation of temperance literature, the militarism is banished, since both are giving of temperance addresses, and non-democratic in their character. the establishment of total abstinence Dr. Ebina believes that Christianity, socIeties and the exclusion of all the religion of brotherhood, will bemen and women addicted to the use come the religion of Japan. "I am exceedingly glad that Japan is par- ticipating as an ally of the great

democratic nations in this war," said dais and carried the paper down to Dr. Ebina at a Conference of the the village school. 'Here is some Federal Council of Churches in news of a war in Colombia.' 'Where Japan in Karuizawa last year. is Colombia ?' asked the school teacher. 'In South America.' 'Where "At the beginning of the war is South America?' 'Wait till I bring some Japanese regretted that Japan my geography.' And in a few minwas not an ally of Germany. Yet in utes Yi had spread out his map and spite of her militarism and her im- was giving the village teacher his perialism, Japan has been on the first lesson in primary geography." side of the democratic nations. The Continent. "The greatest crisis in Japanese history is impending. The defeat of Offered rus Baby in Payment German militarism and imperialism on the battle-fields of Europe will M E DIe A L missionaries have mean the defeat of these doctrines many strange experiences in all the world over. These two the course of their work which seem "isms," as you know, have been the almost incredible to the ordinary greatest hindrance to the spread of physician at home. Dr. Garfield the gospel in Japan. Because mis- Anderson of Korea cites an instance sionaries, pastors and evangelists of this kind; • have been regarded as opposed to militarism, they have been regarded "A man with a serious malady," as enemies of Japan." he says, "that distended his abdomen with fluid and caused his legs to Christianity an Open Sesame swell enormously, came a distance of over 1,000 miles, walking at the CHRISTIANITY has not only rate of 1% miles a day, carrying a opened a wonderful spiritual box of merchandise and a one-yearworld to new believers in heathen old baby on his back. He was exlands, but it has also proved the haus~ed, discouraged and penniless, open sesame to a hitherto unknown and fearing to be refused treatment material world. One old Korean if he had nothing to offer in payhatmaker named Yi did not know ment, asked us to take his boy and his letters before he became a raise him as our own. We treated Christian, but he learned them in or- the man, relieved his distress by reder to read his Bible. He soon moving a couple of bucketfuls of found that reading brought many fluid from his abdomen, and sent things to him of which he had before him away rejoicing in a new lease heard only by rumor, and he sub- on life, and in the possession of his scribed for "Christian News," which baby. This is but one of many exgave tidings of the great world be- traordinary cases that come to us." yond the five seas. What he learned from the paper only whetted his de- Thorough-Going Korean Leaders sire for knowledge, and Vi's next purchase was a geography. Over this I N the town of Syenchun about book he pored for hours, straining one out of two persons is an achis eyes over the maps and descrip- tive Christian. Apparently all are tions in the evening after his day's intent upon making their Church work was done. And F. S. Miller of what it should be-first an institution Chongju tells how eager the old hat- for teaching God's Word and saving maker was to pass on the informa- souls; and second an example of bettion he so toilsomely won. Mr. Mil- ter living and good citizenship. The ler says; church buildings are well cared for and the orderly and business-like "One day the 'Christian News' manner with which their meetings told of a war in Colombia. That was are conducted is impressive. interesting. Yi put on his straw san- The General assembly of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Presbyterian Church of Korea held Fighting to Overcome Honesty its seventh annual meeting recently in Syenchun. There are 179 commis- "pLEASE do not come here for sioners in the Assembly, sent from two weeks. We like to have the eleven different presbyteries. Of this total, sixty-seven are Korean you come, but you see the next two pastors, sixty-seven are Korean el- weeks is our special time for thievders and forty-five are foreign mis- ing and your Jesus message makes sionaries. These commissioners rep- us desire to be honest. If you come, resent about 2000 churches and about we shall not have the courage or 150,000 Christians. The missionary desire to steal." This was the tribute no longer leads in these meetings, paid to the Gospel teaching by some for the Korean pastors conduct the Ahir people of Ballia, India, of robbusiness in a most capable manner. ber tendencies.

The Presbyterian. Food or Famine in India INDIA MR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, superintendent of the Agricul- Constructive Evangelism in India tural Department at Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, writes that an THE American Arcot Mission has unprecedented number of students been at work in South India for have applied for admission to the more than sixty years. Last year farming courses and many have had the South India United Church inau- to be refused for lack of room. One gurated an Evangelistic Forward very old man and his grandson have Movement, centering about Vellore, joined the Freshman class together. Madras Presidency. The various India needs only demonstration and Councils of the Church were called leadership to enable her to help feed upon to organize their forces for a and clothe the whole world; for she ten per cent increase in the number has both the climate and the soil, as of converts won to Christ each year. well as the agricultural workers. When a report meeting was held to find out how the work had developed Mr. Griffin, a member of the staff during the last twelve months, it was at the College, is endeavoring to get shown that almost every pastorate out large numbers of his improved had gained over twenty per cent, plow which wi!! go far toward outand in some cases the gain was over weighing the ignorance and backthirty per cent. The average in- wardness of the Indian farmer. It crease for the entire field was twen- can be drawn by their underfed ty-two per cent. This result was oxen, can be repaired by the local achieved almost wholly by native blacksmith, is cheap and lasting. It Christians, though the Mission work- is well to remember that all these ers did much to help. improvements are the gift of Chris- tian Missions to India. If the meth- One important feature of this ods of the Mission farm could be put Forward Movement is that it did not in practice all over India, the poor reach out into new and untouched Indian tiller of the soil could be free territories, but served rather as a from despotic circumstances and the strengthening measure in existing terror of famine which always hangs churches. It is interesting that in over him. the Arcot district there are more Bible study classes and more prayer Where Poverty Leads to Suicide circles than in any other district. The Movement shows how valuable A METHODIST missionary of is a definite objective, and is a re- Ballia, India, writes that the markable testimony to the worth of Government has taken over the voluntary, personal effort in extend- woolen mills and weaving establishing the Kingdom of God. ments in order to supply the needs of the soldiers, and that consequently

the price of cloth had been doubled this great and pressing need of ele- and in some cases quadrupled. The mentary education.

result has been that the poor, accus- tomed though they are to wearing a What Does Ind1a Want?

W minimum of clothing, can no longer HAT the much-discussed sub- ject of self-government for buy even that minimum. A statement which appeared in The Cal- India really means to the great mass cutta Statesman was verified by of the people is presented by a Rev. C. F. Andrews and read as fol- writer in Asia, the journal of the lows: . American Asiatic Association, who "Many a man in utter helplessness says: is wearing worm-eaten bed sheets, "As for what the masses of India tom mosquito nets, gunnies, etc., to want, no one knows. One of the keep himself from nudity; and in Indian judges of the High Court, a some cases men have committed sui- man of· great acknowledged leader- cide to escape these humiliations. ship, an ardent nationalist, said to Numbers of families own a piece or me, 'It is very difficult to know the two of cloth jointly, the male mem- mind of India. At the top there is bers using it in relays whenever they a very thin layer of people who have go out. The fate of the women is received an English education. Even even more deplorable. Literally we do not know what the people are dressed in rags, they have to remain thinking about; much less does the all the twenty-four hours within the government know.' One has to re- four walls of the inner house, and member that 280,000,000 out of the they must be watchful to take cover 315,000,000 people of India live in either in a secluded comer or in some villages which average only 290 peo- dark place, if a male member comes ple to the village. These people are in. This they have to do to hide engaged in a life and death struggle their practical nakedess." against starvation, with the odds More Teachers for Ind1a's Chlldren often heavily against them. They are more than ninety-five per cent THE Bureau of Education of the illiterate in the sense that they can- Methodist Church, which is in- not write a letter to a friend, even vestigating the child labor situation in their vernacular, and read his in India, has found that in 1916, the reply. One wonders on going into number of children in factories was these villages and seeing the impov- 15,780. A few factory owners are erished lives of the inhabitants, making an effort to better the con- whether they even know that there ditions under which child laborers is such a place as India." work, but the great majority of fac tory and tea house owners oppose all l'am1l Evangellstlc Sooiet!

T educational movements, because they HE Calcutta Tamil United Evan- gelistic Society was founded know that a more universal enlightenment will do away with economic three years ago to promote unity serfdom for little children. Another among Indian Christians, to deepen hindrance to compulsory primary their spiritual life and to cultivate education is the objection of parent5. missionary interest. Some opposi- who need the pittance their children tion was encountered at the begin- earn, and who not only fear' that ning, but now the work is well estab- education will deprive them of this lished.

source of income, but that it will Regular temperance campaigns make their children feel above man- have been organized to combat the ual labor. The Methodist Centenary drink foe, a Bible class is conducted leaders are planning to place thirteen with marked success and a live de- hundred primary teachers in the In- bating club attracts non-Christians.

dia field to meet in some measure A Tamil lyrical address by Rev. H.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A. Popley proved how powerful an Hero Worship in Arabia influence music possesses to reach Indian hearers. Lantern lectures, so- WHEREVER the Shiah sect of cial purity lectures, a music club and Mohammedanism is found an a reading room are other activities. annual celebration is held to com- memorate the death of Hussein, Indian Standard. grandson of Mohammed and one of their religious heroes. Mrs. Paul Basel Mission in South lJIdia. W. Harrison, in Neglected Arabia, describes such a celebration which THE churches of the Basel Mis- took place in Bahrein. Every strictly sion in Malabar recently decided orthodox Shiah wore black clothes to unite with the South India for the entire month of Meharram, United Church, and the Church of and draped his house in black. the Khassia and Lushai Hills, con- Readings were held in the homes nected with the Welsh Mission, has throughout the town, the sufferings agreed upon union with the Presby- and death of Hussein being the terian Church. These churches have theme. On the ninth day, a bier, a rich heritage of usefulness, and in gaily decorated, was carried through the new relationship the leaders de- the streets, followed by men and wosire to launch an enthusiastic evan- men beating their breasts and wailgelistic movement in Malabar. A be- ing-this in honor of a nephew of ginning has been made by a group the hero, slain on the same day. of young men who have pledged The culmination of all these demonthemselves to become volunteer help- strations 'was reached on the tenth ers. The Thiars are ready to re- day, when religious zealots, anxious spond to religious appeals, the Nairs to win a good reward in the next can be reached one by one and the world, took part in an elaborately depressed classes are eager to find planned parade. Companies of men a Gospel. brandishing swords and occasionally gashing themselves on the forehead, H. A. POPLEY. chanted "Oh, Hussein! Oh, Hus- sein !" These men wore new white MOSLEM LANDS garments in order to display the blood from their wounds to the best Famous for Truth Telling advantage. The main part of tht: procession was made up of men and AYOUNG man in Syria not long boys representing different relatives ago received a letter from a of Hussein, and following these were friend in America containing trea- horsemen representing Hussein's assonable remarks about the Ottoman sassins, all endeavoring to kill angovernment. He was "immediately other horseman who was Hussein's haled to court and tried as a traitor brother. On another horse rode to his country. The court was en- Hussein's son, ingeniously attired to tirely Moslem, while the boy was give the appearance of a sword be- Christian, and he seemed to stand no ing thrust through his head. Then chance at all. The young man said came men carrying biers, supposed that he knew nothing about the con- to contain bodies of various relatives, tents of the letter before receiving it, and most important of all, the but his assertion was received with bier of Hussein himself, draped sneers. Then the judge asked him in white and perched on it a where he came from. The boy pure white dove. To make the answered that he was a student in beheading more realistic, a man the Syrian Protestant College. In- lay on the bier with his head out stantly the presiding officer turned to of sight and where the head should his court and said : "We do not need have been protruded the neck of a to go further in this case. The boy comes from the Syrian Protestant College, and the boys from there tell the truth."

freshly slaughtered animal, which at eers, mechanics and other technically the beginning of the performance trained men to assist in this work of spurted blood in most ghastly man- rehabilitation. The company will ner. The procession wound up with include a considerable proportion of two companies of men beating their teachers, doctors and others formerly breasts and crying, "Oh, Hussein! resident in Turkey and familiar with Oh, Hussein!" Thus ended the the language and conditions. celebration commemorating the death of a hero of a religion which drags The Armenians in this country are its followers to a moral and phy- doing their share in this work. Over sical plane of living that is almost $2,000,000 have been contributed by unthinkable. Syrians and Armenians in America through the Presbyterian Board of Missionary Shock Troops Foreign Missions.

WHEN Secretary Josephus Dan- Some Fruits of Victory iels recently cited the U. S. A. marines for distinguished service in DR. JOHN H. FINLEY considers Belleau Wood he closed the citation General Allenby a worthy sucwith the words: cessor of Joshua. When General AI- lenby received a despatch from his "More than faithful in every Chief of Staff on September 20th emergency, accepting hardships with he said: "The battle of Armageddon admirable morale, proud of the has commenced. It is the dawn of honor of taking their place as shock the thousand years of peace." The troops for the American legions, they terms of the armistice signed on Nohave fulfilled every glorious tradition vember 11 included the surrender of of their corps, and they have given Mosul and the evacuation by the to the world a list of heroes whose Turkish troops of Northwestern Pernames will go down in all history." sia and the Caucasus as well.

The missionaries might well be In driving the Turks out from the called the "shock troops" of the Mis- Caucasus, it is again possible to sionary Army occupying these out- open up communication with Northposts. Some have laid down their western Persia, which has been lives in holding their posts, but t~eir pretty well cut off from the world names and all they have done will go for nearly four years. For a long clown in missionary history. time no mail has come from there, and what has come through has only Since the surrender of Turkey been by private messengers, some of there are practically 3,950,000 des- whom have been robbed and killed. titute Armenians, Greeks, Syrians One recent package of letters was and others in Asia Minor, the Cau- brought out by an English aviator, casus, Syria and Mesopotamia, who who kindly went over Urumia to see are accessible to relief funds which what had become of the isolated band have been administered by mission- there, and carried their letters out. aries and others-the "shock troops" during the years of the War, and The opening of the Caucasus will which are being administered today, also mean a chance to provision and which will need to be adminis- Urumia and Tabriz with the many tered in the immediate future. necessities for lack of which there has been great suffering. The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief are hop- The fact that the English troops ing and expecting, with the coopera- are in Ramadan, and that a small tion of the State Department to se- contingent was recently sent to the cure one or more government colliers help of Urumia,-arriving, however, or transports, on which can be sent a week too late to avert the awful from 100 to 300 doctors, nurses, flight of nearly all the Christian agricultural experts, sanitary engin- population-shows that they are in a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

position to move in and help restrain the Turkish police at Beirut, I was the present lawless elements. The imprisoned for a week and- then orbitter feeling between the Moslems dered to leave the city, without any and Christians who have aroused all explanation being given. With my of this enmity, by daring for the first wife and child I started for Constantime to stand for their lives, must tinople, traveling in open cars and in some way be allayed if these two filthy cattle trains, exposed to the peoples who have for centuries lived bitter weather. together in peace, are to continue their relations to each other. The "At Karaman our train was stalled people, weary with years of disorder for three days and nights. We had and all the losses that have followed no food or means with which to keep them, would gladly welcome outside warm on a plain covered with two help. feet of snow and in a temperature below zero. Thirty-two persons on Industrial Work for the Syrian MJsston our train were frozen to death.

NOW that General Allenby's vic- "I offered $2,000 for a camel tory has freed the whole of Sy- transport to Konia, a journey of ria from Turkish oppression, the three hours. This was declined as British Syrian Mission, founded in not being a sufficient amount. My 1860, is making an urgent appeal for wife and child have not recovered help in reestablishing their work. yet from the terrible ordeal. The Mission buildings must be restored and equipped and simple "After living in Constantinople six forms of industrial work should be months I was thrown into a secret established-hand-loom weaving, rug prison at Stamboul with thirty crimmaking, etc. Several of the mis- inals, some of whom were chained sionaries are qualifying themselves to the walls. Neither food nor to train the women in these indus- water was procurable. Afterwards I tries. was sent to the military prison, where I was kept until Sept. 3, m) cell- Among the thousands of Syrian mates being an insane Turk and an women widowed by the war, there Egyptian spy. The madman tried will be many spiritually fitted for the twice to cut my throat while I was vocation of Biblewomen. The Com- asleep." mittee is making plims for the establishment of a Biblewomen's Training The Continent. Home at Damascus, where carefully chosen women will be trained for AFRICA the work of carrying the Word of God into the homes and harems of Sunday-School Work in Egypt the land. SHEIKH METRY DEWAIRY, Modern Martyrs _ who was recently called to assist REV. CHARLES A. DANA and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge as Sunday- Dr. William S. Nelson, mission- school field. worker for Egypt, is aries of the Presbyterian Board in making a personal study of the Cop- Syria were imprisoned by the tic Bible classes and Sunday-schools Turks because of their activities in in Cairo. From this he will extend distributing Red Cross supplies to the his survey to include the beginnings Armenians. The story of their suf- of Sunday-school effort in the Orferings was told by Mr. Dana to a thodox Coptic churches throughout correspondent of the Associated Egypt. Since his father was an or- Press: dained Coptic priest, honored among a wide circle of friends, Sheikh "On Nov. 19, 1917, after all the Dewairy has an entree to any of the records and correspondence of the Orthodox Coptic churches. One of Presbyterian Board were seized by his aims is to educate the priests to an interest in systematic Bible study, and to organize 'groups of children for lectures and the begin-.

nings of class work, led by intelligent A Missionary Physician in West Africa young college men. DR. LUCIUS E. SMITH has been New MoveJ1lent AInong Moslems In the only missionary physician at Benito, West Africa, for a year AbySsInia and the report of cases treated by him during that time fills one with THROUGH the Swedish Evange- amazement at the possibilities of hu- lical Mission a remarkable reli- man endurance. During the twelve gious movement is reported from the months Dr. Smith cared for 10,859 interior of Abyssinia. This has individual cases and made 301 outtaken hold of the Moslem population, side calls. One midnight summons so that in the last six years some 10,- required an eight-mile walk in the 000 have been baptized into the rain. One hundred and eighty-three Christian Church. The apostle of operations were performed, including this movement is an ex-Sheik, Zac- eighty-three major operations, two of caria, who has changed his name to them performed with the thermome- Noaye Kristos, a person of great in- ter at 110°. One patient came from fluence in Sokoto, in the Amhara 650 miles distant and another, a very country where he lives. The move- old man, walked continuously for sixment has sprung from Scriptures dis- teen days to reach the hospital. tributed by the British Bible Society 'in Abyssinia, and is evangelical in Adjusting Personal Property character. Indeed these new Christians are so dissatisfied with the REV. W. C. JOHNSTONE, of <lead forms of the Coptic Church Elat, West Africa, relates some that they are organizing classes for of the experiences a missionary to Scripture study and have mobilized Africa may have in straightening up some 500 men, who are serving as the "personal property" entangleteachers. ments of natives who accept Chris- tianity. One of the head men became The Christian Express. a Christian a short time ago, and as he had forty-seven wives it took The BIble In Zande some time to get his affairs adjusted. At a recent communion service at I N the very hear·t of Central Africa Ngomeden, four men with from two there is a region where the fron- to six wives apiece, wished to betiers of three enormous states-Bel- come Christians. One who was the gian Congo, French Congo and the possessor of six wives had not a Anglo-Egyptian Sudan-come toge- single child, which made his problem ther. This is the home of the easier to solve, as the men usually Azande, black savages numbering wish to put away all the wives who some 300,000 and sometimes called have children and take a new one "Niam niam" (flesh flesh) on ac- without children. Another said he count of their cannibalism. Three would give up trying to be a Chrisor four missions have' approached tian rather than keep the wife who them from different points of the tad three little children. There is compass and representatives of the much patient work for a pastor to Africa Inland Mission and the do in such conditions. Church Missionary Society have now undertaken to translate the The Effect of the Gospel Billie into Zande. A good start was made in the compilation of a gram- T HIS is the testimony of an mar and vocabulary of about 1,000 African native to the work of words by a Frenchman named 'Col- the Gospel among the fierce Ngoni omberoli, working with an inter- tribes: preter. "As I saw men with scars of The Azande are a virile race, in- spears and clubs on them, I martelligent and progressive, and the veled exceedingly. And then, at the printing of the first Gospel in their native speech is a momentous event.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lord's table, to see these people sit- Americanizing the Foreign-Born ting there in· the still quiet of God's presence, my heart was full of won- To discourage the formation of der at the great things God had further varieties of "Little Italy," "Little Poland," such as done." have grown up in great American cities, is a part of the policy of the Encouraging Signs In Angola Methodist Board of Home Missions. A foreign-speaking church is a ne- THE steamship "City of Athens" cessity in the initial stage of work carried nineteen new mIssIon- among newly arrived immigrants, as aries of the Africa Inland Mission it furnishes the only avenue of apto work in Northeast Belgian Congo. proach and is the surest method of At Loanda, the boat waited while the inspiring confidence and establishmissionaries dedicated a new church. ing sympathy; but it is the aim to The building was quite a fine one, have English used increasingly, and and though it has a large capacity, to promote the teaching of English. many people were unable to gain Foreigners may also be reached by entrance at the dedicatory service. the English-speaking church, which Many Portuguese Christians were has workers with a knowledge of the present and the occasion was most foreign' language. There is Boinspiring. An interesting event at hemian work in twenty of the Engthe close of the service was the lish-speaking churches of Nebraska, burning of fetishes which had been white various churches in New York, brought in quantities by those who Chicago, Scranton, Pa., and Clevehad abandoned their superstitious land, Ohio, are carrying on this work faith in them. From fifteen hundred with notable success. to two thousand people witnessed this ceremony of burning. One Church Homes for Enlisted Men great need in this field is literature. The people are begging for some- THERE is in process of formation thing to read. in Chicago among the men who for a year or more have been con- NORTH AMERICA ducting Bible classes at Great Lakes Naval Training Station, an organiza- A I{hald Theological School tion to see that sailors and soldiers returning from the war are placed A KHAKI Theological College is in a church which will welcome being provided, at the request them. It. is the hope of the foundof the Khaki University for Cana- ers of the movement that arrangedian overseas forces, for the con- ments will be made in most of the tinued training of students for the towns of the country, so that returnministry, and for other forms of ing men will be connected definitely Christian service in the churches of the Dominion. The initial teaching with a local church. J. O. Morris, staff consists of representatives of the Anglican, Congregational, Metho- a Chicago lawyer, is sponsor for the dist and Presbyterian Theological idea and with a small committee is Colleges, while additional instructors formulating preliminary plans. It is may be drawn from other Colleges recognized by those back of the proof different denominations. Compre- ject that many of the churches of hensive courses of study have been the country have not been touched drawn up to suit the attainments of by the enthusiasm for practical rethe men and the time at their dis- ligion with which young men have posal. Recruiting new men for the been in contact with abroad. It is ministry will also be carried on by hoped to seek out the various members of the staff, who will have churches of all denominations which a great opportunity of enlisting ad- will give the soldiers and sailors an ditional students. enthusiastic church home. In some communities the Y. M. C. A. will The Canadian Churchman.

be able to do this work, but in other text is from the King James version, places it is, felt that there should be which is' satisfactory to all religious a special committee whose particular groups. The school boards of Wash- work will be the placing of all the ington, D. C., Wichita, Kansas, York, soldiers in active church work of the Pa., and Louisville, Ky., were the denomination they prefer. first to accept the charts for schools.

The Continent. Wilkes-Barre is one of the large cities in which the school board has Bulldlug Ships and hIen since accepted the Bureau's proffer A YEAR ago Hog Island, in the of Commandments for school rooms. Delaware River, near Philadel- Washington, Pa., was first in acphia was all that the name im- cepting them for courts; Pittsburgh, plies. Now pigs have been re- for industrial plants, and Greens- placed by ships, and the Island is burg, Pa., for the outside of church- productive on a gigantic scale in- es. The movement has been cordialstead of being an unprofitable ly approved by the American Bible marsh land. A Jewish rabbi, a Society and by organi]:ations and in- Catholic priest, and Dr. John Watch- dividuals representing many denomiorn, Secretary of the Methodist nations. The charts have been shown City Mission Society of Philadel- to several Catholic prelates who phia, share the task of ministering have said, some of them in writing, to the spiritual needs of the thirty- that they will make no opposition to two thousand men that swarm the plan.

through the yards each day.

Among these workers are Chinese, Mission Work for Negro Missionaries T Hindus, Mexicans and Negroes. HE relevance of having the Negro churches of America main- Dr. Watchorn does not confine his services to a weekly. talk. He tain their own missionary work in shares in all the interests of the Africa, and eventually come into the men, visits those in the hospital and responsibility of evangelizing the in every possible way is a living continent has long been recognized.

exponent of the gospel of brother- One difficulty has been in the matter hood and good citizenship which he of sufficient funds, for in order that Now that peace has come, Hog these churches should feel the work Island will not return to marsh- to be essentially their own they land. The Government will keep should not only furnish the mission- on building ships, a fleet for per- aries, but assume their financial sup- manency to carry American trade port. Definite steps towards this and represent American ideals. end have now been taken in an agree- And along with them the pastor, ment entered into by the American who once built ships himself, will Board, the Negro Congregational strive to build character in the churches and the American Mission- manhood of the shipbuilders. ary Association to raise a fund suffi- cient to support a group of mission- PublIcity for the Ten Commandments aries selected from the 15.0 Negro T HE International Reform Bu- Congregational churches of America, reau is having great encourage- and to apply toward their initial ment in its efforts to have wall charts equipment certain funds now at the of the Commandments posted in disposal of the Association. The first schools, courts and industrial plants missionaries to be appointed· under and on the outside of churches. The this agreement are Rev. and Mrs.

chart omits the numbers on which MacDowell of Chattanooga, Tenn., religious bodies differ, and which both graduates of Talladega College.

are not shown in the Bible. The They have recently sailed for Africa.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Church Unity in Vermont formation in homes, on farms and in the churches. But most significant SINCE May, 1917, a period of of all is the changed attitude toward nineteen months, twenty-two whiskey. When North Carolina unions and federations of churches voted on prohibition so great had have taken place in Vermont. Nine been the revolution of sentiment that towns have been turned over to the only eleven men in Yancey county care of one Protestant church; four- voted against prohibition. teen ministers have been released for service elsewhere; fourteen min- A Successful Exper:lment in MUwaukee isters are receiving a more adequate salary; nineteen hundred dollars of FIVE members of the Polish home missions money have been M:ethodist Church of Milwaukee freed for use in more needy fields; are devoting all their time to Chrisaverage church attendance has in- tian work within the Church; two of creased,..and large numbers of "out- its young men are studying for the siders" have been enlisted in Chris- ministry and three young women tian work. are giving their time to the Church's social service program. This is the The method of federation em- outstanding result of a missionary ployed in fourteen of the above men- experiment begun ten years ago in tioned instances was that of an ex- a congested Polish quarter of Milchange of fields–one denomination waukee. The first years of the exwithdrawing from a given field in periment were beset with difficulties, favor of another denomination due to the opposition of Catholic inwhich, in turn, leaves another field fluence, but steadily prejudice has to the first denomination. This ex- been overcome and the church has change is made only with the con- gradually come to be a vital force sent of the community. for good in the Polish community of Milwaukee. It has a member- Such a work as this has important ship of seventy. Services are conbearing upon the relation to the ducted in Polish, Sunday school in church of the young men returning Polish and English and the Epworth from the' war, who have become ac- League wholly in English. customed to a religion which expresses itself in practical ways.

Schools for Mountaineers A "Sunday House" for Rural Church THE Yancey Collegiate institute of Goers North Carolina is typical of the thirty-seven schools which the South- THE "Sunday House" is the newern Baptist Church has established est invention in Southwestern for mountaineers. Its superintend- Texas, where people live on large ent, Dr. Albert Brown, says that ranches and ordinary church attendwhen he started out to raise the anceis impossible. These people $3000 needed to found this school are, however, spiritually-minded, and he was told that the people would depend much upon their church life. never give such a sum for education. The "Sunday House" is the soluc On the contrary, men without a dol- tion. The head of each household lar gave a cow or a colt; women maintains a meagerly furnished but who had never once seen a school comfortable house near the church, gave wool or chickens, and children and every Saturday afternoon there gathered herbs and chestnuts for the is a continuous procession of concause. Later, the people of the com- veyances, carrying the families from munity gave $5000 in addition and children to grandparents, with food now the property is worth $45,000. for man and beast. Sunday-school, As for the results, one must travel eleven o'clock preaching service, Epover the country and see the trans- worth 'League, missionary society and evening service all find the en-

tire family in prompt attendance, LATIN AMERICA and early on Monday morning the Coordination in Cuba.

T long procession wends it way back HE "get together" and "work to- gether" spirit is growing among to the week-day home, refreshed and invigorated for the coming Protestant missionaries in Cuba.

week. Mr. Sylvester Jones, Secretary of the Committee of Conference in Ha- Orientals in Utah vana, has offered his office as a JAPANESE Christians in Ogden, clearing-house for plans and move- Utah, have rented a small room ments. The Committee has been for preaching services and are plan- able to meet in large measure the ning to furnish it. They have prom- demand for religious literature and ised to supply thirty dollars a month printed helps in church and Sun- for mission work. Twenty Chris- day school work. Plans are now tian Japanese in Salt Lake City are under way for supplying the general rejoicing that they are to have a public with religious reading mat- mission and have subscribed thirty- ter. The Book Depository has a five dollars a month towards its sup- growing list of volumes on Missions, port, in addition to furnishing a Temperance, Bible Study, Biography, parsonage for the pastor, who will Methods and Recreation.

have the care of both these fields. The Sub-Committee on Social The two organizations will be called Work has taken initial steps for a "The Japanese Church of Christ in Temperance and Anti-Gambling Ogden and Salt Lake City." About Campaign, which will include medal 6,000 Japanese live in this inter- contests.

mountain region. A number of joint efforts have been undertaken, such as union Canada's Econom.ic Perils Thanksgiving services, union summer DRASTIC and revolutionary reso- services and union monthly meet- lutions were adopted in the re- ings of English-speaking ministers port of the Committee on Moral and in Havana.

Social Reform, and it is indicative of Canadian sentiment that this report Food and Strong DrInk in Guatemala was .accepted unanimously and with- "WHY permit distillers to ship to out any important amendment. A foreign countries the liquor few extracts from this report indi- they may not sell in America?" is cate its sweeping character: the pertinent query of the editor of 1. The present economic system Guatemala News. The recent amend- stands revealed as one of the ment to a food bill prohibiting the causes of the war. manufacture of liquor during the period of demobilization of our 2. The war has made more dearly army specifically makes an exception manifest the moral perils inherent of liquor for exports. This would in the system of production for profits. allow the sending of demoralizing drink, which has been excluded from 3. The demand of workers for hu- this country, to be unloaded on man conditions of living, com- Guatemala and other countries, bined with the unfulfilled, often -where American missionaries are la- forgotten, but undying ethics of boring to raise the level of living. Jesus Christ, requires nothing less than a transference of the whole A Buenos Aires Bible Class S economic life from a basis of com- IXTY men at the morning session petition to one of cooperation and of a Bible Class in Argentina is service. one of the gratifying features in the -The Congregationlist and Advance. development of the work in the First

1919J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Methodist Church of Buenos Aires. they would think about it. This was The class was begun several months the result. We had had a good ago under the supervision of Jay deal of snow that winter, and a C. Field, a Y. M. C. A. Secretary, number of the very needy people and it has grown steadily. The leader is now W. H. Spencer, the died of cold and hunger. Those boys representative of a New York busi- went down to the back streets of the ness house. Many British and city, and found a poor widow with American men as well as Argentin- three children. She had no money, ians attend and join in the discussions of popular and current topics no fire, and no food. The boys said: in their relation to Bible teaching. 'If you will come up to our school every day at noon we will give you GENERAL something to eat.' The woman would not believe them, because, you World Sunday School Plans see, she was only a woman. But at last, when her children were at LEADING educators of Athens death's door, she determined to see who have been visiting America if those boys really meant what they with the Metropolitan, or Archbishop said. She came up to the school, of the Greek Orthodox Church, and j;he got a good meal for herself stated that they would welcome the and her children. 'I'he next day coming of a Sunday-school Commis- they gave her another good meal, sion to Greece. In that country, re- and the staff gave her charcoal. ligion and morals are taught in the They went on doing it the whole public schools, and the visitors had winter. Those boys took it in turn many questions to ask concerning the every day, to give up their own methods and success of our Sunday- dinner to feed the poor widow and schools. her children. If you could only know all the prejudices that had to Inquiries are also coming from give way in the doing of that, you Russia as to American Sunday would feel it was worth while teachschool methods which may be ing the Bible in a school for Moslem adopted by the Greek Church of boys." Russia in the very urgent work of religious instruction in that vast OBITUARY NOTIOE· country. Plans are taking shape for a great assembling of the Sunday- Rev. B. A. Walter of India school forces of the world in Tokyo, in 1920 and it is probable that a REV. HOWARD ARNOLD series of ewngelistic meetings will be WALTER, the Secretary of the held in Japan, and possibly China, National Council of the Y. M. C. A. Korea and the Philippines, preceding for India, died in Lahore, India, the Tokyo Convention to be held early in November, 1918. Mr. Walin May, 1920. The last World Sun- ter 'and his family had been engaged day School Convention held was in in missionary work in India for five Zurich, Switzerland, in the summer years. He had given much time to of 1913. the study of Islam and had spent several months in Egypt. Last year A Moslem Good Samaritan also, en route to India, he had spent some months in Japan in research AN English missionary was giving work and the study of missions. the Bible lesson on the Good Samaritan to some boys in a Mos- Mr. Walter had completed sevlem town. The boys were full of eral books on missions and just bepraise for the Samaritan. "But we fore his death had started upon what came to the end," says the mission- he hoped would be his masterpiece. ary, "'Go, and do thou likwise.' I Of his many poems the one below. said, 'Now look here, boys, what entitled "My Creed" has received are you going, to do?' They said highest praise.

I would be true, ber of theological works and was For there are those who trust me; highly esteemed for his ability as a preacher and his warm heartedness. I would be pure, For there are those who care; Dr. Johu Wherry of China I would be strong, For there is much to suffer; AFTER over half a century of ser- I would be brave, vice as a missionary in China un- For there is much to dare; der the Presbyterian Board of For- I would be friend of all-the foe-the eign Missions, the Rev. Dr. John Wherry died at Peking, China, on friendless; Thursday, January 2d. Dr. Wherry I would be giving and forget the gift; was nearly 80 years of age and after I would be humble, eighteen years of work, had just com- For I know my weakness; pleted translating the Bible into I would look up-and laugh-and classical literary Chinese. He was graduated from Princeton Theologi- love-and lift. cal Seminary in 1861, and, after preaching in camps during the civil Rev. Charles Jukes of Madagascar war, went to China. All but a few years of his life had been spent in REV. CHARLES JUKES, a vet- that country, where he was highly eran .missionary 6f Madagascar, respected and greatly loved. who died November 3, 1918, in his seventy"eighth year, went out to Rev. James Cohen of Safed, Palestine this field from England in 1866. He was appointed to the charge of JEWISH missions and Hebrew Ankadibevava, where he continued Christians sustained a great loss to work for more than thirty years. in the tragic death of the Rev. When Madagascar came under Tames Cohen, a victim of Turkish French rule his charge was trans- cruelty. The Missionar'J' Record of ferred to the care of the Paris Mis- the United Ftee Church of Scotland sionary Society and Mr. Jukes re- reports that the last message received turned to England, where he trav- from him was sent through a Briteled much in the interests of the ish prisoner of war in the Taurus society. Mountains, stating that he was obliged to leave Safed and was en- Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D. deavoring to make his way to Con- stantinople. THE well-known Evangelist, Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman, D. D., vice- Mr. Cohen was born in Russia, chairman and Executive head of the but as a boy was taken to Safed, New Era Movement of the Presby- where he became a pupil in Mr. terian Church, died in New YOI:k Cristie's evening school. After a City December 25, following an oper- period of instructIon he was baptised ation which was the third he had un- in Tiberias by the late Rev. James dergone within the past two years. Souta in 1895. This was, so far as Dr. Chapman was born in Richmond, known, the first baptism on the Indiana, in 1859. He was a gradu- shores of Galilee since the days of ate of Lake Forest University and Constantine. He had to face much Lane Theological Seminary, and in opposition, and for nine years after 1882 was ordained to the Presby- his confession of faith his father terian ministry. Twenty-five years refused to see him. After training ago he took up his evangelistic work in the Syrian Protestant College at and during this time he made more Beirut, he was appointed evangelist than one tour of the world, holding at Tiberias and in 1912 was ordained revival services in many different to the ministry by the Presbytery of lands. In 1917, Dr. Chapman was Sidon. elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, a position which he held until May, 1918. He was the author of a num-

MISSIONARY

Rising Japan: Is She a Menace, or that his volume will be regarded a Comrade to Be Welcomed to as a case of special pleading with the Fraternity of Nations? By a foreword by the President of the Jabez T. Sunderland, M. A., D. D. Japan Society. We doubt whether xi, 220 pp. New York: G. P. any nation is as nearly perfect as Putnam's Sons. $1.25. 1918. the one described here; it reads more like a modern Utopia, in the The author was Billings Lecturer etymological sense of the word. in 1913-14 in Japan, China and rndia, and thus gained first-hand Thoburn-Called of God. By W. information used in this volume. F. Oldham. Illus. 188 pp. New If one were to regard this dis- York: The Methodist Book Concussion as telling "the whole truth," cern. $1.00. 1918. as well as "the truth and. nothing but the truth," the question of his Bishop Oldham was a fellowsubtitle would be answered em- worker of Bishop Thoburnin Southphatically in favor of comradeship ern Asia and is a man of like spirit. in the fraternity of nations. All This intimate relation of the two who have written before as dissen- men gives value to the sketch, both tients would be under the suspicion in its selection of material. and in of being liars, and Japan would be its interptetation of a great life. the paragon of nations, despite the The bulk of the volume is made author's modest disclaimer of hav- up of quotations from Dr. Thoing proved that to be true. burn's pen on various subjects re- lated to his work in India and Japan has undoubtedly been mis- his views of missions. Through understood and unfairly treated in it all runs the thread of Bishop the past. She is most that the Thoburn's thesis: "My life furnishes author claims for her in civiliza- a testimony to the fact that God tion; she is less of a menace-if any has been with me, not only in a at all-than sand-lot orators and general way, all the time, but espec- Pacific Coast demagogues picture ially at set times, and in distinctive her; the "conclusion of the whole ways his presence has been unmismatter" at the close is sound politics takable." It was that conviction and religion. But we wonder why that made his work on the mission some items not mentioned are over- field so unswerving and which led looked, such as Japan's conquest of men of other views and missions to Korea in detail, and her proposed question the universal application articles. of attachment (January 18, of certain theories, based upon in- 1915), of most that was worth hav- dividual leading. Dr. Oldham has ing in China. A goodly array of made good his word "called" as it Japanese missionary endorsement is is prefixed to most of the chaptersquoted for Japan, but perhaps a "called" to preach, to foreign mislarger number of missionaries in sionary service, to momentous ex- China are suspicious of their next- periences, to help create a woman's door neighbor? We wonder what missionary movement; called across great justification for further mis- the Ganges, to Calcutta, to father sionary effort in well-nigh faultless India, to the missionary bishopric, Japan could be gathered from such to the Farthest East; and now, in a volume. The author has over- these sun,set years, to a life of quiet done a desirable piece of irenics, so 157

waiting. In Bishop Warne's final unique way. Despite its occasional appreciation, he speaks of his former denominational reference, the s e co-worker under the heads of the thirty-five pages might perhaps be evangelist, the statesman,-a point reprinted for general exploitation not well enough made,-and the purposes; or, better still, Dr. Noss prophet. There is need for a much and others equally able to write ampler life of Bishop Thoburn with from other parts of Japan, might the central factors of this great issue a general appeal of similar India missionary as its leading character for the entire Empire. theme. Every field needs just such general text-books prepared as this special Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By one has been written. Christopher Nass and Associates of the Tohoku Mission. lIlus., Money, the Acid Test. By David maps, 302 pp. Philadelphia: McConaughy. 12mo, 187 pp., 50 Board of Foreign Mission, Re- cents. Laymen's Missionary Move- formed Church in the United ment. New York, 1918. States. 60 cts. 1918. Stewardship is not a new subject, This seems to be the best mission but it is here treated with a freshstudy text-book written for Japan, ness, a vigor and with true idealism though its scope and avowed deno- that is stimulating, interesting and minational purpose make it unsuit- practically helpful. The war has able for general use. Its full analy- taught many new lessons in stewtical outlines, true paragraph head- ardship of time, money and talents. ings, specially prepared l1Iaps, abun- There has been a new vision of the dant and well-chosen half-tones, needs of mankind; a new sense of concreteness of style, living interest responsibility and a new taste of and the breadth and catholicity of the joys of sacrificial giving. This treatment make it richly worthy of vision, this sense, this taste, all need commendation. While the northern to be regenerated by the Spirit of section of Japan's main island sup- Christ, so as to be directed into the plies the background of the volume, field of. spiritual service. the Empire is homogeneous enough to make what is recorded here Mr. McConaughy goes to the root approximately true of all Japan. of the matter. He makes steward- One wishes that the book's wisdom ship, not lavish giving or tithing, of method and catholicity of spirit the basis of giving. The inspirawere equally wide-spread there. tion of it is indebtedness to and part- The usual categories of the field nership with God. The zeal for text-book are found under new and acquiring is tempered with the attractive headings, of which "Old thought that possession is not Ways and New Laws" and "Many ownership, and that "the resources Gods" are good illustrations, as of God are promised only to those well as among the chapters best who undertake the program of God." worth general reading. The person This distinction between ownership who would know just how the mis- and possession has been well illussionaries carryon their work cannot trated in the Government tax on do better than to read chapters war incomes. V-VII in their entirety, as the various forms of Christian effort are The joy of spending is safedescribed and explained in a most guarded with the thought that to satisfactory way. The chapter en- abuse is to lose. Saving is distintitled "The Call of Tohoku" is really guished from hoarding, and giving the call of all Japan voiced in a is recognized as a joy rather than a requirement. The chapters on pro- portions, on accounting and on influencing others are definite and ness to be associated with most of practical. W.e could wish no better the enterprises which have sought thing than that all in our churches the all round development of and Sunday-schools and Young Peo- young manhood in this country and ples' Societies should study this in the world. In the book, the book, and master its facts and reader finds himself coming into ideals. Such a study and the adop- personal touch with the heroes of tion of these principles would his boyhood, men like Moody and elevate the whole spirit and life of Speer, McBurney and Mott, Stagg the Church and would vastly in- and Studd. Richard Morse has had crease the giving to the work of a keen eye to see young men of Christ at home and abroad. Pastors leadership-and he has had the good and missionary secretaries would judgment to let these young men feel new eooperation and response make their own mistakes and win from their constituencies, and Chris- ,their own successes. Today Mr. tians would experience new satis- Morse's "boys" are commanding the faction in the acquisition and use Association as it masters the suof money. preme opportunity offered by the Great War, and the period of re- My Life With Young Men. By construction. Richard C. Morse. 8vo. $3.50. Association Press, 1918. The author's story modestly im- plies that he has had remarkable Those who have known the power in winning to his cause men author of this book, or have sat as and women of great wealth. But his students in the summer schools he has not failed to see that the which he did so much to foster, young men of today must face with will see him again in these pages, new courage the question of accuand hear him talk in chatty, familiar mulation as well as of its distribufashion, of the Association move- tion. ment as it has been carried along for a half century upon the tides of The book while dealing with a great movement, gives now and God. again delightfully intimate views of If Richard Morse had not been the home life of the author. It is a very human book. a servant of men, he would have betrayed his ancestry. Belonging The American Girl and Her Comto the famous Morse family, he en- munity. By Margaret Slattery. tered as a child a circle of Chris- 170 pp. $1.25 net. Pilgrim Press, tian culture and service. He was Boston, 1918. a student at Yale in the days of the Civil War, and learned patriot- With that deep understanding, ism and its high demands. keen insight and warm sympathy that has become hers through con- He early found his life work with stant association with and study of young men. Making his home in girlhood, Miss Slattery portrays the New York, he has become a citizen American girl, "a composite of all of the world. As the General Sec- the daughter, of all the people." A retary of the International Commit- new and larger vision is here gained tee, he has been a part of every ad- of what the American girl means to vance of the years. He has encour- her community and what her comaged the educational, the physical munity means to her. The rural, the department, he has furthered the suburban and the city girl is picturwork among the students. When ed in business, in school and at there were many sceptics, he be- home, with her hopes, her dreams lieved in the organization of Asso- and her ambitions. On the one ciations in foreign lands. hand she is greeted with faith and It has been the author's happihope, for "she will enrich America's her old home again. The problem soul, enlarge her power and develop of the Adriatic is not so simple as increasingly in her the steadiness it seems, with Italy as a holder of of purpose and the passion for much of the littoral, and is one that justice that will keep her equal calls for decision in the peace counto the task of a true Democracy." cils. Being completed in December, On the other hand, there is a chal- 191-7, Mr. Savi6's volume does not lenge to the community that owes anticipate the form that Pan-Slavso much to this new American girl, ism will probably take. Standing for it dare not fail her in the present together as a southern barrier crisis. The book is an inspiration against wrong, those peoples are to American girls and those who pictured as taking refuge in Holy work with them. Russia and Mother Moscow, their great ally and Mecca, a dream that South-Eastern Europe, the Main the author probably would not now Problem of the Present World wish to be realized. On the other Struggle. By Vladislav R. Savic. side, Mongol Bulgaria will probably IlIus., map, 276 pp. Fleming H. remain as the author prophesies. Revell Company. New Y 0 r k. Like other books of its class, 'this $1.50. 1918. volume is already out of date, though helpful for the purpose al- President Butler of Columbia ready named. University points out in his introduction, that a durable peace can- The City Worker's World. By not be secured until the Eastern Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch. Question has been settled. To leave 12mo. 235 pp. $1.25 net. The it open will be to invite ambitious or Macmillan Co. 1918. greedy nations to enter again into the arena of conflict. Such a com- Fifteen years' experience as direcplicated problem is insoluble with- tor of Greenwich House, New York, out a full understanding of the en- is Mrs. Simkhovitch's qualification tire question, and for that purpose for writing this story of the city such a volume as this of Mr. Savio, worker-his family, home, educaformer head of the press bureau of tion, work, health, play, politics and the Serbian Foreign Office, is a real religion. The view point is very contribution. He holds that as different from that of Mrs. Bain- America's entrance upon the scene bridge, not less worthy of study but will materially affect the final solu- less spiritual. General facts and tion, it is incumbent upon Ameri- statistics are here emphasized rather cans to know all the facts in the than personal experiences. In the case. These he presents from the chapter on religion, for instance, a side of history-the Austro-Hun- belief in God is recognized as almost garian, that of the earlier life of the universal and as important, but there Southern Slavs and of the contact is no conviction apparent as to the of Austria-Hungary with that race, necessity for faith in Christ and and later in those events that surrender to Him. caused the Austro-Serbian war, the match that set alight the world Religion is defined as the "capacconflagration. Serbia's later part in ity to face life triumphantly." "The the world war is a brilliant record sex impulse is the mother of all the of martial valor and a pathetic hopes," says Mrs. Simkhovitch, and sequel of defeat under overwhelm- she traces religion to the hope for ing odds, a loss that she has since advancement and the fear of unrevenged in her victorious maI'ch known powers. The author's facts with the Allies from Monastir to are interesting and helpful, but her philosophy is unsatisfactory. Korean Buddhism: History-Con- and high-places visited by the ditions-Art. By Frederick Starr. author with more or less adventure. Illus, xix, 104 pp. Marshall Jones The monks for the most part are Company. Boston: $2.00. 1918. not as notable for their piety and scholarship as for their disreputable Professor Starr of Chicago Uni- character and deplorable ignorance versity "but scratches the surface" -with exceptions, of course. The of a subject to the investigation of third section deals with Buddhist which he has given days of journey- art as seen in Korea, including with ing to remote mountain monasteries stone and wood carvings, architecand nights of conversation and in- ture, images or idols, and paintings, quiry among their priests. Small the singular subdivison of scenery! as the volume is,-altogether incom- Not singular, however, in the Far mensurate with its high price,-it East where Buddhists seek out and nevertheless is a fuller account of utilize every coign of scenic ad- Buddhism in this corner of Buddha- vantage, to the delight of even Ocdom than we have hitherto seen. cidental visitors, as well as of their It is the terra incognita of Buddhist Oriental guests. The author has literature in English; and with so given the Occident a sample of interesting a guide, the reader sees stores of information that should curious and interesting scenes and later lead to a full volume, supplelearns facts that are equally un- mental to these three lectures. familiar. The three magi bringing Buddhist gifts to the Three King- The Tragedy of Armenia: A Brief doms were Sundo, a yellow Tibetan Study and Interpretation. By to Northern Koguryu in 369 A. D. ; Bertha S. Papazian. xiii, 164 pp. the olive-hued Hindu, Marananda, Boston: Pilgrim Press. $1.00. to Pakche in the south in 384; and 1918. black Mukocha, an Ethiopian, to Silla on the east in the year 424. Next to Belgium and France, but From Pakche, Buddhism was sent for a different reason, the Christian for the first time to Japan in 552,- world has been most moved by the according to Professor Starr's chron- tragic fate of Armenia during these ology. In the Koryu Dynasty (918- years of blood and colossal wrong. 1392 A. D.) Buddhism was at first The writer of this little volume royally fostered, though it was for- has a right to voice the sorrows of bidden to build more monasteries. a race one of whose surnames she Next, Confucian officials out-influ- bears, and she does it so finely and enced Buddhist monks, and despite tellingly that the book is differthe temporary revival under a entiated from volumes like Mr. strongly Buddhist king in the Savie's which are mainly interested middle of the eleventh century, the in the political aspects of postthirty thousand monks present at a bellum reconstruction. A vivid single ceremony so deteriorated that sketch-history of Armenia in pagan in 1392 Yi-Tajo overthrew the days and in those centuries follow- Dynasty because it had gone over ing her conversion under St. Gregto a corrupt religion. Varying for- ory, brings the story to the begintunes, mostly hostile to Buddhism, nings of Turkish domination and followed in the Dynasty that gave the subseqent renaissance when the way to the present Japanese rule, political dream of Armenian regenersince which time the faith is once ation was incarnated in Israel Ori. more gaining prestige under the The rise and influence of the Near more enlightened Buddhist sects. Eastern question, hints of the awful massacres and the 'cataclysm of the Under the heading "Conditions," world war, bring the volume to its is an interesting account of temples climax, "In the World Court," Signor Gorrini, Italian Consul-Gen- cents. Home Mission Board of eral at Trebizond, W. T. Stead, the Southern Baptist Convention. Henry Morgenthau and a dozen Atlanta, Georgia. 1918. other pleaders stand before this Court and testify to Armenia's sore It is right that the South should distress and worthiness, a plea interpret the South and issue its whkh the blood of hecatombs of own call. Too often the calls have men and women martyrs accentu- come exclusively from Northerners ates. Rarely in such literature does interested in the Southern problems. one find such exquisite English, such clarity Df quiet argument and Dr. Masters speaks as a Southsuch a massing of evidence in favor erner, a student and a worker who of immediate help for a race whose loves his native land. He shows advocate the author is. the extent and character of the needs of various classes-the moun- In the Wilds of South America. taineers, the immigrants, the N e- By Leo F. Miller. IIlus., maps, groes, the unchurched. This is a xiv, 424 pp. New York: Charles book of facts forcibly presented and Scribner's Sons. $4.50. 1918. incidents well told. It is one that all interested in the Christianization This fine volume is the record of America should read. of six years of exploration in Columbia, Venezuela, British Guiana, The Christian Crusade for W orId Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Democracy. By S. Early Taylor and Brazil, undertaken as a natural- and Halford E. Luccock. IIlus., ist of the American Museum of maps, 203 pp. The Methodist Natural History between the years Book Concern, New York. 75 cts. 1911-1916. In the third and fourth 1918. paragraphs of the author's preface one finds a colorful, picturesque The senior secretary of the Methepitome of those adventurous, fas- odist Board of Foreign Missions cinating, laborious years. has been one of the foremost leaders in the sane exploitation of Missions; "The purpose of this narrative is and this is a book that well exhibits to follow the course of explorations his ingenuity and success in setting into the tropical jungles of the forth the claims of the various Amazon, Paraguay, Orinoco, and fields of his Board, an effort in other South America's master which Mr. Luccock has contributed rivers, and to the frigid heights of his quota also. It is primarily inthe snow-crowned Andes." tended as a text-book for classes in Epworth Leagues and Methodist Aside from its scientific character, Sunday-schools. the expeditions and these records supply occasional descriptions of "Making Democracy Safe for the the tribes encountered and less fre- W orId" is followed by chapters quent reference to isolated, jungle- telling of the denomination's work immured misionaries doing a self- and opportunity in Latin America, denying and useful work for savage China, India, Africa, the Pacific communities. It likewise gives the Islands bordering Asia, and needy reader a fair idea of unoccupied sections of Europe-tell it not in sections of the mission field, which Great Britian and on the Continent! await a later and more devoted type As the volume makes central the of Protestant missionary than now centenary of Methodist missions, to feels the call to turn from enlight- be celebrated in 1919, the final ened pagans to degraded, scattered chapter is its peroration, each of the and savage heathen. previous sections being separate and exclusive appeals. Altogether it is The Call of the South. By Victor a masterpiece of wise exploitation. 1. Masters. 12mo, 220 pp., 60 Wilson and Foch say Bible Teachers Training School -"A man has dePrived himself of lhe besI there is in the world who has deprivedhim- Interdenominational and International ——-se/foJintimateknowl- DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President edge ofthe Bible•.. -Pres. Wilson. Bible study the central, organizing discipline of the curriculum. leThe Bible is certain.. ly the best prepartion Students from 30 denominations and 18 coun- that you can gz·ve to tries last year. – an Amet'ican soldier goin,rr into bottle to School subdivided into: School of Theolog, sustain his magnificent ideal and faith. I, (three years course); School 01 religious Peda- {N. Y. Bible Sociely.)-Marskal Foch. gogy (three years course); School 01 Millions Answer this "Call to the Colors" (two years course); School lor Bihle Teachers (two years course). Be a Trained These two great leaders voice a direct appeal to intelligent men Christian Association Leaders Christian Worker ~~~~~i~:~-~~:cf:%t!~a~~~~: Y. M. The" School offera couree. of .pecial value to – C. A. and. Y. W. C. A. leode…. industrial and home workers. farmers, mechanics, soldiers T!th!e=;eioC~O~uOrfefMoocho~v~e:r !a;1.t~o!t:a:l:o;.f a55:0:hSo~urhs1o1f :E:ng~l~h:;b N::e;';;~:St~~r~i~~~~r~ ~r~:iOd:~:idefoarn~b~~~s,;~~ EducationJ 90 hours of Sociology; 90 hour. in Pracreally know the Bible. There is personal profit .beyond anything you can imagine in prayerful, systematic Bible tlce Work in Teacbing, undercritici.m: 150 hour. in reading and study. Get ready! Start at oncel The P.ycbology.

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The Near East from Within. Svo, 265 The History of Religions. By E. Wash- pp. $1.50. E. P. Dutton & Co., New burn Hopkins. 8vo. 624 pp. $3.00. York, 1918. The Macmillan Co., New York. 1918.

America and the Near East. By Abra- The Far East Unveiled. By. Frederic ham MitTie Rihbany. 16mo, 164 pp. Coleman. 304 pp. 7s, 6d. Cassell, $1.00 net. The Beacon Press, Boston, London. ·1918. 1918. Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. The Church and the Great War. By Worth M. Tippy. 16mo, 139 pp. Clarke. IIlus. 482 pp. $2.50. Dodd, $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell, New Mead & Co., New York. 1918. York and Chicago, 1918. Korean Buddhism. By Frederick Starr. The Achievements of Christianity. By 8vo. 104 pp. $2.00. Marshall Jones, J. K. Mozley. 16mo, 85 pp. Is. 6d. So- Boston, 1918. ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, London, 1918. The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By Basil The Approaching End of the Age. By Matthews. 160 pp. 2s. U. C. M. E., H. Grattan Guinness. 12mo, 371 pp. 65., net. Morgan & Scott, London, London. 1918. 1918. The Race of Judaism among the Reli- The Pulpit in War Time. A symposium. gions of the World. By C. C. Monte- 16mo, 173 pp. $0.75. Presbyterian fiore. 61 pp. Is, M. Lindsey Press, Board of Publication, Philadelphia. London. 1918.

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The Birth of the Russian Democracy. Reconstruction in Turkey. Report. American Committee Armenian and By A. J. Sack 4to, 530 pp. $3.50 Syrian Relief.

Russian Information Bureau, New The Tragedy of Armenia. By Bertha York, 1918. S. Papazia 12mo. 164 pp. $1.00. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1918. Rising Japan. By Jabez T. Sunderland. 12mo, 220 pp. $1.25. G. P. Putnam's Thirty Years in Tropical Australia. By Sons, New York, 1918. Gilbert White. 264 pp. lOs, 6d. So- ciety for Promotion of Christian Mexico's Dilemma. By Carl W. Acker- Knowledge, London. 1918. man. Svo, 2S1 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran & Co., New York, 1918. Christian Forsyth of Fingoland. By W. P. Livingstone. 236 pp. 5s. Hodder The Life of Faul. By Benjamin W. & Stoughton, London. 1918. Robinson. 12mo, 250 pp. $1.25. Uni- versity of Chicago Press, 1918. Under Coligny's Banner. By Albert Lee. 12mo. 314 pp. 4s, 6d. Morgan The Knock on the Door. By Mary & Scott, London. 1915. Caroline Holmes. 12mo, 239 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell, New York and He That is Spiritual. By Lewis S. Chicago, 1918. Chafer. 12mo. 151 pp. $0.75. A. C. Gaebelein, New York. 191B. Morning Faces. By Georg-e McPherson Hunter. 8vo, 219 pp $1.25. George A Mosaic of Missionary Methods. By H. Doran Company, New York, ~918. Stanley Sowton. 12mo. 155 pp. Is, 6d. Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Little Whiteface and. His Brownie Society, London. 1918. Friends. By "B. Martin." Pamohlet. $0.40. Presbyterian Standard Publish- The Faith that Makes Faithful. By ing Company, Charlotte, N. C., 1918. William Channing Gannett and Jen- kin Lloyd Jones. 12mo. 164 pp. Hudson Taylor and the China Island $1.25. The Stratford Company, Bos- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. Howard ton. 1915. Taylor. Svo. 640 pp. Is net. Mor- gan & Scott, London. 1918. The Lutheran Church in Paris. By William Wackernagel. 12mo. 63 pp. Camps and Trails in China. By Roy $0.50. General Council Publication Chapman Andrews. Svo 334 pp. House, Phila. 1918. $3.00. D. Appleton & Co., New York. 1918. Romance of the Red Triangle. By Sir Arthur K. Yapp. 12mo. 195 pp. $1.00. The Democratic Movement in Asia. By Geo. H. D{)ran, New York. 1915. Tyler Dennett. 16 mo. 252 pp. $1.50. Associated Press, New York. 191B. The Sword of the Spirit. By Joseph Fort Newton. 12mo. 240 pp. $1.25. Geo. H. Doran, New York. 1915.

XIII

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Plleeause meatioll THlf MZSSIONllY ~.w OP 'tHlt WOlU,.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals DR. W. J. WANLESS, missionary physician to India, recently received a fitting recognition of his long sBrvice, when the people of India paid three-fourths of the cost of a newly opened hospital at Miraj as a testimonial to him.

DR. HENRY H. MEYER, Sunday School editor, who has been traveling in China, Japan and Korea with DR. E. D. SOPER and BISHOP HARRIS, says that the work they have seen justifies every sacrifice that has heen made; but that a crisis has come with the close of the war, and the social and industrial conditions in those nations.

REV. F. H. KNUBEI., D. D., pastor of the Lutheran Church of the Atonement in New York City, was elected President of the new United Lutheran Church, recently formed ,by the merging of three Lutheran bodies.

DR. W. W. PINSON, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South, and BISHOP AI'tKJtN of the same Church have sailed for Europe to visit France and Belgium to study the fields in connection with the Methodist Centenary Campaign, and to discover opportunities for Protestant mission work REV. S. R. VINTON, head of the Lantern Slide Department of the Methodist Episcopal Board of' Foreign Missions, has returned from his tour of the Orient with a new collection of photographs to be used as a basis for stereopticon missionary lectures.

DR. E. W. KELLY has been awarded the Kaiser-i-hind 'gold medal by the British Government in recognition of his service as President of Rangoon Baptist College.

REV. MAITLAND ALEXANDI!R, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, has been appointed Religious Work Director of the United States Army of Occupation, with headquarters at Coblenz on the Rhine. He sailed for France November first.

C. T. WANG, President' of the Chinese Senate, is to be a delegate to the Inter- Allied Peace Conference. Mr. Wang has recently sailed from America for France.

PRltSIDEN't HJtNRY CHURCHILL KING of Oberlin College, Ohio, who went to France last July to study and report on religious conditions in both France and Great Britain, has been made director of the religious activities of the Y. M. C. A.

abroad with headquarters in Paris.

DR. B. M. TIPPLE, executive secretary for the foreign department of the Methodist Centenary, has gone to Europe to devote two months to the Centenary plans fur France and Italy.

MR. CHANG PO-LING, who has been making an investigation of the educational methods of the United States, has returned to China. Mr, Chang is the founder and principal of Nankai Christian School at Tientsin, one of China's most progres- sive institutions.

MRS. RUSSELL SAGWS residuary estate of $40,000,000 was divided among thirty-six public institutions, charitable, educational, missionary and religious. Considerable bequests were made to the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions.

FATHER NICHOLAS VELIMIROVICH, D. D., is visiting the United States for the purpose of explaining to America the hopes and aspirations of the Serbian Church, and the contribution it may make toward the union of Christendom.

Ex-GoVERNOR JOHN G. BRADY of Alaska, who died at Sitka, Alaska, on December 17, was once a New York City waif. In 1859 he was sent west by the Children's Aid Society and found a home with a Tipton, Indiana, lawyer. In 1870 he entered Yale, and Union Seminary in 1874, after which he went to Alaska as a missionary. He was appointed governor by President McKinley in 1897 and served three terms.

DR. EDWARD P. COWAN, for thirty-five years a member of the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen, serving as Corresponding Secretary for twentyfive years of this period, died in Philadelphia on December 15.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1916

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY GIRLS' SCHOOL, FUCHAU

MISSION~Y FlgES 1. The demons of fear and superstition need to be driven out of Asia. Ko- rean children's heads often bear the scars of branding with hot irons, showing their parents' efforts to drive out the evil spirits in sickness. (See page 502.) 2. One result of missionary work in the Far East is that on becoming Chris- tians people usually take on habits of cleanliness of their own accord. The Gospel of Christ seems to be incompatible with filth. (See page 503.) 3. A number of Sikhs from India who are now living in Southern California maintain a distinct colony and are intent on earning a thousand dollars, which will enable them to return to India and live in affluence all their days. Here is a field for missionary work. (See page 525.) 4. Over three thousand American college students are now engaged in teach- ing classes, or are doing other forms of service for industrial workers. They find in the work an unexpected stimulus for their own spiritual lives. (See page 509.) 5. A Japanese lawyer, pleading for mercy for his client, who had been con- verted in prison, took the opportunity to explain at length to the court the power of Christianity to transform the lives of men. (See page 517.) 6. As many as 1,000 Chinese girls who are being sent south to be sold as slaves, pass through the Yangtze port of Ichong in a single year. (See page 552.) 8. Tho a Turkish government order had been issued, forbidding the use of French, Russian, Japanese and English as "enemy language," the Ameri- can Ambassador made it possible for some of the mission schools to continue by securing permission for the use of "the American lan- guage." (See page 549.) .J • 8. About forty influential Chinese in the city of Hang-chow have formed a Christianity Discussion Club, which meets twice a month for Bible study and discussion. (See page 530.) 9. The total amount spent for education in the United States in 1914 was less than one-third the nation's expenditure for alcoholic liquors, and only a little more than three times the estimated admissions to motion pic- ture theaters. (See page 542.) 10. At an all-India inter-caste dinner, held in Bombay last winter, with the avowed object of doing away with caste differences, 450 were present, 225 of whom were Brahmins, and 20 the "untouchables." (See page 550.) Here the girls are delivered from bondage ot fear and filth and superstition. (See page 499) I E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.7 JULY, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.7 Old Series New Series it ,SIGNS"'OFvTHEvTIMES mI 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I '1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiii.l CHINA'S RULER AND CHRISTIANITY Yuan's sudden death on June 6th, and the succession to the presidency of the T HE death of President Yuan Shih well-known and respected republican leader, Li Yuan Hung, has caused the Kai, with rumors of poison, sui- provinces of Szechuan, Hunan, Checide and nervous breakdown, has no Kiang and Shensi to rescind their doubt removed one of the strong men declarations of independence (caused of China, but has also taken a cause by their distrust of Yuan Shih Kai) of discord out of Chinese politics. and to reassert their loyalty to the Peking government. This is a decided The late President, Yuan Shih Kai, gain for peace and unity in China. was a man with energy, ability, strength of character and personal am- President Li Yuan Hung is fifty-two bition. He came to the presidency at years of age, having been born in the a critical moment, when a strong hand province of Hupeh in 1864. He studied was needed to bring together two op- at Peiyang Naval College and served posing factors-the Manchus and the on a cruiser during the Chino-Japanese Republicans-and to establish peace. war. Later, he assisted in moderniz- He was, no doubt, a patriot, but with ing the Chinese army. At the outbreak strong personal ambitions. He re- of the revolution at Wuchang he was established Confucianism as the state forced to take the command of the religion and caused himself to be pro- revolutionary forces and was instruclaimed Emperor. This latter step mental in arranging the Shanghai brought about a series of revolutions Peace Conference. After the abdicain various provinces and threatened tion of the Manchus he was elected the disruption of China.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW.. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

vice-president of the Republic, to which greatly strengthened, six were baptized office he was reelected October 7, 1913. and in at least three different places groups of them are gathered into Bible President Li is not a professing classes. As these students become the Christian but he is very friendly to- officers of the Chinese army the waves ward Christianity and has given gen- of influence from this campaign of erously to the support of the Y. M. friendship will doubtless go on in ever- C. A. and other Christian enterprises. widening circles and out of it there He listened most sympathetically to may develop the future Army Departthe Christian message given by Mr. ment of the Chinese Young Men's Sherwood Eddy when the latter was Christian Association. in China two years ago. The new president promises to enforce the laws WAR AND PEACE MOVEMENTS of the Republic, guaranteeing liberty and justice to all. There is great rea- THE tragedies of the war are inson to expect that under his guidance. China will enter on a new era of peace creased, rather than diminished, as and prosperity and will give even the conflict continues. No doubt the greater opportunity for the advance- purpose of God will be wrought out, ment of Christianity. either through the war or in spite of it, but it seems unthinkable that there can THECHRISTIANS IN CHINESE ARMY be rejoicing among the profest fol- changes in China since the days lowers of the Prince of Peace when of the Boxer riots are in nothing whole battalions of men are destroyed, more conspicuous than in the changes or battleships with their living crews in the personnel of the Chinese army. and marines are sent to the bottom of the sea. The death of Lord Kitchener For example, just outside the city of and his Staff, while on their way to Wuchang there is a large military col- Russia, is a serious blow to Great lege, where future officers of the mod- Britain, and the destruction of many ern Chinese army receive their prelim- British and German warships-valued inary training. These students are at $150,000,000, and between 5,000 and drawn from all the provinces. One of 10,000 lives in a naval battle on the them, a student named Way Ling from North Sea-wil! bring sorrow to many Fukien province, was led through the hearts. In the meantime, Germans influence of an Association secretary continue to batter away uselessly at and a summer conference, into a deep Verdun in France; the Italians fail to Christian life, and exerted a powerful make much impression on the Austrian influence among his fellow students. defensive; the Russians begin a vic- torious drive in Galicia and con- The Foreign Mail of the Young tinue to advance in Armenia; the Men's Christian Association, tells us British and Russian forces threaten to that Ling's class has now graduated and cut off the Turkish forces in Mesopois scattered among the various military tamia; the British repulse useless atstations in China, the students serving tempts to capture or destroy the Suez as privates before taking their final Canal and foil plots to start serious course in the Higher Military College revolutions in India, Arabia, the at Paotingfu. Some of them who were Sudan and South Africa. Christians before have had their faith

OF THE

The conflict is more fiercely waged to pass a given point marching twenty than ever, and yet none can say that abreast without a break! peace may not come suddenly. Christians in America have recently made The American Board received a a declaration for the promotion of cable from the charge d'affadres at The American Council of the W orId Constantinople, urging that all the mis- Alliance for Promoting International sionaries in the interior of Asia Minor Friendship through the Churches. be withdrawn on account of increas- This held its first National Confer- ingly tumultuous conditions, but a ence at Garden City, April 25th to message from the United States Con- April 27th, and affirmed : "We believe sul at Tiflis, Russia, stated that condiit is time for the Christian Church to tions in the region of Van are suitable speak and act in strength and assur- for the missionaries who were driven ance of a deep and full loyalty to out to return. The American Board Jesus Christ." now has four stations under the Rus- sian flag, Van, Bitlis, Erzroom, Tre- The resolutions adopted invited bizond, and has found the Russian every communion and denomination in officials extremely friendly. the United States to establish a Peace Makers' Commission, if it does not al- Matters, evidently, are very differready have one, in order to enter thus ent in the Turkish territory and on into close affiliation and practical co- the Russian side of the line. The operation with the American Council American Board expects the male misof the W orId Alliance. sionaries to return to Van at an early date. They will travel via Russia and Christians are earnestly invited to the Caucasus and, for some time to cooperate in this movement to promote come, will be occupied mainly in refriendship and good will among the lief work. The missionaries still in nations, for "permanent peace must be Asia Minor (one hundred and twelve ultimately based on religious sanctions, in number) are advised to consult and back of all international agree- with Treasurer Peet at Constantinople ments must be good will." and the United States Embassy as to the wisdom of their remaining at their RECENT REPORTS FROM TURKEY posts.

T HE Russians continue to advance A company of eight missionaries from eastern Turkey, desiring to leave inAsiaMinor, but more slowly than for home, have been detained at Beirut at first. As they occupy the Armenian since January 1St, the Turkish governterritory, the surviving Christians come ment refusing to allow the United out of their hiding-places and peace is States battleship Des Moines to take restored to the remnant-but Asia them off. Minor as a whole is in a pitiable condition. In America, the Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief has been The havoc wrought by the Turks stirred to renewed activity by a recent can be better realized when we think cablegram which states that many of that the number of Armenians, men the Armenian exiles, deported from women and children massacred or their homes by Turkish soldiers, are starved to death in the past year would take three days and two nights

reduced to eating grass and are dying general throughout the empire, and of starvation by hundreds. it has found expression in more than "Sufferings among exiles have been one special movement. A strange greatly increased on account of their mystical revival is reported to be having refused to accept Mohamme- spreading over northern Russia, un- dan religion in accordance with offers der the metropolitan Archbishop Pe- generally made them. The fortitude trim, of Vladicavkaz. He is con- of most of the people under the suffer- ducting services with an impressive- ings which they are undergoing is ness unprecedented, and has organ- wonderful, and they are not losing their ized choruses of hundreds of chil- Christian faith. The men of the fami- dren, whose singing exercises a spell lies of many of the exiles are still serv- almost hypnotic over vast masses of ing in the Turkish army." people. The peasants and the nobles The Committee has commissions at alike stand side by side to honor this work in several cities of Turkey and leader, and even the Czar has come Persia and relief is being distributed under Petrim's influence. On one under the direction of American mis- occasion last winter many thousands sionaries and United States consuls, of persons, including royalty, nobles, each city being the distributing point and commons, knelt a long time in for a large section of country where the snow, with the mercury at thirty are thousands of destitute people. It degrees below zero, to receive the is estimated that in Turkey, Persia, archbishop's blessing as he returned Syria, and Palestine there are approxi- from the cathedral to his monastery. mately a million Armenians, N estorians, and native Christians who are des- Reports of another more evangelititute and suffering for want of food cal movement come from Rev. C. T. and the necessities of life. Byford, who is credited with know- ing more of the inner working of IS RUSSIA CHANGING? evangelical religious life in Russia than any other Englishman. He has RUSSIA, with its immense masses exprest his deep conviction that the of uneducated peasants, its renaissance which has come to Rus- powerful State Church, its autocratic sia is due almost entirely to the re- government, and its atheistical stu- markable spread of the evangelical dent classes has presented a diffi- faith. Many of the Russians them- cult problem to evangelical Christian selves do not know to what this ity. Is the war to change the situ- change is due. When Russia be- ation and to bring new life to the comes completely emancipated from "Orthodox" Russian Church? Al- the tyranny of superstition, and re- ready there are reports of such re- ceives the Gospel of Christ in its generating influences at work. simplicity, she will inevitably enter Conditions in time of war have upon a new and splendid career. The made a powerful appeal to those preparatory work of the past years elements of religion and mysti- is beginning to bear fruit and the cism which' are so potent in the light of the Gospel of Christ is Russian character. A remarkable spreading. This fact is the most growth of religious fervor has been hopeful sign for Russia's future.

MISSION SCHOOLS IN CHOSEN a tremendous number of church WE have already referred at schools all over the country. The length to the Japanese policy Government of Japan and Korea al- and laws in regard to the mission lows the carrying on of these church schools in Chosen. However fairly schools, but says definitely that the the government may intend to deal teaching of religion and of the Bible, with the missions, the fact remains or the holding of religious services that their policy is forcing the schools can not be 'included in the curricu- out of existence. The missionary edu- lum,' and in their interpretation of the cation is necessarily religious as well law the Director of Education asserts as secular, and the Japanese insist on that it was worded this way in order the separation of the two. The Metho- th&t such church schools might carry dist mission has agreed to conform to on this religious instruction during the regulation forbidding religious in- hours outside of the curriculum.

struction in the schools, without wait- Whether all will interpret the law in ing for the expiration of the ten years. this way I can not say, but when this This action places the large Presby- is the interpretation of the man in au- terian educational sysrem in a difficult thority in the administration in pOSItIon. Recently the Japanese au- Chosen, we hardly ought to say 'they thorities ordered the Sen-Sen (Syen- ( the Japanese) are doing all in their Chun) station (Presbyterian) to close power to throttle Christianity.'

the academy for girls or else to stop "The statement concerning 'a law teaching the Bible. The mission de- which says missions must obtain per- cided to accept the alternative of clos- mission from the Government every ing on March 3 ISt. This action was time they want to employ a helper, taken not because of any lack of mis- a colporteur, or a pastor, when they sionary sympathy with the Japanese establish a church' is not the law as Government and its laws, but because it exists. Everyone in the country is the missionaries are in the country not registered with a full statement as to primarily as secular teachers, but as his work, what he does, whence he ambassadors of God in the name of goes, etc. The mission does not have Jesus Christ. to obtain a permit for the employment A recent letter from Dr. Horace G. of a helper, a colporteur or pastor, Underwood, an honored American but must notify the Government con- missionary in Korea, takes exception cerning all so employed who are de- to statements in a recent number of pending upon church work for a live- the REVIEW (p. 84, February, I9I6), lihood.

in regard to the Japanese attitude to- "Judge Watanabe, well known as a ward the missions in Korea. Dr. Christian statesman in the adminis- Underwood writes in part as follows: tration here, and one who is noted as "I do not hold that they (the Gov- an active, energetic Christian worker, ernment) are right in separating re- told me that these laws for religious ligion and education, but they have work among the 'Koreans in Chosen decided to do so and their decision were identical with those laws under has been arrived at very largely be- which both the Methodist and Presby- cause of the fact that there were such terian Japanese churches in Chosen

had been working for a good many heads of the following five new depart- years; I think, therefore, that this was ments: The Department of Evangel- not especially aimed at Christianity ism, the Department of Church Exten- among the Koreans. The Government sion, the Department of City Work, had introduced the Japanese system the Department of Rural Work, and of registration with a slight modifica- the Department of Frontier Work.

tion for Korea. While we may dis- The plan further provides that the agree with the laws and with many Board shall consist of thirty-six lay- of their methods, let us strive to view men and thirty-four ministers, one of them as they are intended." -these to be a bishop.

MISSIONS AT THE METHODIST EPISCOPALiANS AND UNION WORK GENERAL CONFERENCE T HE Board of Missions of the EFFICIENCY, economy and an ag- gressive forward movement are Protestant Episcopal Church sent delegates to the Panama Congress on the characteristics of missionary ad- Christian work in Latin America but ministration to-day. has declined representation on the Continuation Committee and refused The quadrennial General Confer- to take a part in the proposed program ence of the Methodist Episcopal for united missionary work that has Church met in Saratoga Springs, developed from the Congress and its N ew York, during the month of regional conferences. Some of the May, and elected two new mission- officers are in sympathy with such ary bishops for Africa, Rev. Eben united efforts, but the opposition in the E. Johnson, of Sioux City, Iowa, Church as a whole is strong, and deleand Rev. Alexander S. Camphor, gates were sent with the understanding a negro, now President of the Central that the Congress was deliberative and Alabama College. Rev. Herbert Welch not legislative or executive. was also made a bishop, to be stationed in Seoul and Rev. Wil- The cooperation of Episcopalians in liam F. Oldham, another new bishop, union movements at home is shown by was appointed to Buenos Aires. He the fact that one hundred and forty served from I904 to I9I2 as mission- churchmen were delegates to the Naary bishop of Malaysia, and since then tional Missionary Congress in Washhas been Corresponding Secretary of ington. They pledged the salary necesthe Board of Foreign Missions in New sary to pay a secretary of their own York. He is an able leader and may communion on the staff of the Laybe expected to develop a strong mis- men's Missionary Movement, and also sionary policy in South America. unanimously adopted the following statement : "We wish to express our In the home mission field the Con- absolute confidence in the Board of ference reorganized the Board of Missions and pledge them our loyal Home Missions and Church Exten- support in making up the full amount sion, which formerly had three cor- they may see fit to appropriate even to responding secretaries with coordinate the full amount of the appropriations jurisdiction. It is now proposed to asked." place the board in the general charge of one secretary, who shall appoint the

J COMING

JUNE AND JULY, June 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Training Sch., N. Y. 23d to July 3d-~oman's Summer School of For. Miss., Silver Bay, N. Y. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to July 6th-Miss. Education Movement Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 27th to July 7th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Eagles Mere, Pa. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 30th to July 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Binghamton, N. Y. July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of the Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 5th to 12th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Colo. I 7th to 14th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 11th to 21st-Missionary Conf. on Religion, Columbia University, New York. 14th to 21st-Woman's Summer School of For. Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 14th to 28th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

15th to 24th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Princeton, N. J.

16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836. 17th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Pen Mar, Pa. 20th-The 75th anniversary of the Founding of Lovedale Institute, So. Africa. 21st to 28th-Woman's Summer School of Home Miss., East Northfield, Mass. 21st to 30th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Tarkio, Mo. 21st to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Ocean Park, Me. 22d to Aug. 18th-Vacation course for missionary preparation, Oxford, Eng. 23d to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Lakeside, O. 28th to Aug. 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church Missionary Conf., Ridgeview Park, Pa.

AUGUST 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to 11th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Old Orchard, Me. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 7th to 14th-Presbyterian Foreign Mission Conference, Montreal, N. C. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11 th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Pa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Palisades, Iowa.

"LOVEST THOU ME?"

An opportunity for the ministry of love in China BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. GERMANTOWN, PA. Formerly a Medical Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in China IRSTLY – The Gospel with the manger in Bethlehem and mF of Jesus Christ is com- continuing to Calvary when the gift prehended in the one of life was "finished" Jesus continued word LOVE, and love systematically to unself Himself, to is not a self-protective Himself completely become the "Son . thing, it is the outgoing of man." Day by day through the thing, the unselting thing. years He gave Himself in love-in the Secondly-Jesus said a good many name of the child-in-the-midst, of the things as if He meant them, but prob- disciple, of all the host of the world's ably none in which He spoke more needy ones; 50 much so that we say to- emphatically than in those pronounce- day, in very truth, the need of the ments which He sealed with the word world is the voice of Jesus, calling "Inasmuch." "Lovest thou Me." "Greater love hath Bishop Brent quotes in "The Reve- no man than this."

lation of Discovery" that love can not "As the Father hath sent Me so be defined, that in the last analysis send I you," "take up your cross and "Love is love"; but I believe that we follow Me." In this sign we shall are not far off the track of a practical conquer. This is the meaning of working definition when we say that- "Whoso shall lose his life for My Love is the giving of life, some of sake and the Gospel's (the love Gos- life or all of life. To me the greatest pel's) shall find it unto life eternal"- utterance the world has ever heard is which is perfected love.

this: "God so loved the world that r am at the point of reviewing the He gave His only begotten Son"-and, past in perspective, the mistakes we in Him, gave to us the eternal love- have made in China, the things we life of God Himself. His giving of have thought worth while and worked life came from the very Heart of Love for; and the gold tried in the fire.

all the way to that hate-stormed Cross The rubbish heap is large and there on Calvary. On the third day (the are many ashes, and yet it is all so morning star of eternal life) was simple. Where we have served our- Love perfected. So comes it that the selves we have failed. Where we Cross where that life was given, is for have put our missions in the name us the symbol of perfect love. of trade, of American civilization, of This same Jesus said, "As the the opening up of industries, we have Father hath sent me so send I you," been unprofitable indeed.

that is: For Love's sake, take up your A recent paper by a Chinese in St.

Cross and follow me. Love is the John's Echo says: "But what struck motive of service-of all service. Love me and converted me were and are the is the outgoing thing, the unselting earnestness and self-sacrificing deeds thing, the giving of life. Beginning of my professors and the missionaries

of the interior. The Christian virtues mutual consideration and helpfulness. and the Confucian ethics were placed They were a callous lot, and not outbefore me side by side. I concluded wardly much on loveliness; but there both are good, but between them there was a peculiar satisfaction in ministerwas and is a great difference. That ing to those most alien minds and difference is the decisive element be- bodies, sitting on the bedside of a tween them. I may illustrate it by a chronically starved waif from the true flower and an imitation one. The drama of Chinese life, and testing on former is life. The latter is dead tho him the magic of love, digging down beautifuL" into his deeply buried soul to see where Christ's loveliness might be In the kingdom of Christ only divine found in him, and hearing in his moan love lives. Such love is eternal life, of agony the voice of Jesus. unlove is eternal death. It is a long reach from the social In so far as we truly love we mani- environment of a conservative Amerifest Christ, and no further. When can town down into the very depths of the Church's love reaches farther, the heart of a derelict Chinese coolie; when she and her messengers give but it is not so far, by a long way, as themselves utterly in love, then will it was from the heart of God, the men hear and understand, and be con- Father, to the thief on the Cross, yet verted, and take up their cross and the conditions are at least faintly simthe world will follow. ilar. There is the same element of daring and adventure and there is the THE ADVENT OF LOVE same element of the splendor of love's imagination. A Chinese professional It has always seemed to me that on beggar and leper once brought me her this basis, that of the adventure of leper baby for my admiration and ap- Love, the mission of the Church is the proval, the whole being apparently an most gorgeous of all human callings outward expression of an inward sense in the very fact that it has that ele- of human fellowship and sympathy. It ment of adventure which is so per- is almost impossible to express in hufectly wonderful in the incarnation of man words the flight of love's imag- Jesus, the adventure of God for the ination such as could bring us two love of His children, the great ad- alien human lives into this fellowship. venture. So can the Church take up, Only the magic of love does that thing, as Christ Himself did, in His name, and Jesus is the great Love Way from the very same adventure and carry it man to man. This question of the down to the last dregs of human con- reach and imagination of love is vastly sciousness; to the most alien of the underestimated in the importance of children of His Love. its bearing on the whole question of the Church's mission. '" In St. Luke's '"Ho'"sp'"ital, Shanghai, Even in actual mission service it is we used to have a ward guarded by only through love that we get that the police and with barred windows, most necessary element of success especially devoted to prisoners from which we call vision. Just as war the jails, to professional beggars, and conditions are only really felt in this to other human derelicts, and even to pirates. Their strong points were not

LOVE-THE SUM OF THE GOSPEL 49 I

IN NEED-A TYPICAL BEGGAR OUT-PATIENT In bed No.8, at one end, there is a new patient-a perfect stranger. He country by those who can love, so is is just a thing, some six feet long, that it with regard to the need of the world we call a man, six feet of motionless in general. There are supposed to be yellow clay. He looks about twenty certain large amounts of eye disease years of age, robust, a good face, but and blindness in far eastern countries, at present perfectly expressionless, and good people are supposed to sym- with almost the relaxation of death. pathize more or less with such a con- He is flat on his back, his hands are dition of affairs. But follow me folded on his chest, and his face is around a mission hospital in Shanghai turned upward. His eyelids are half for a moment, and let me show to your closed, and motionless. love's imagination an actual· condition. Mechaqically we nod to him, but Now we are walking with the Resi- there is no response, so we say "Tsat, dent, Dr. Koo, a couple of nurses and A I" (Good morning). But still the senior students, down what we there is no response, only a vague sense call the "lucky ward"-every hospital of uneasiness and a slight trembling has its lucky ward, I suppose, and of the eyelids, but it answers the every surgeon his superstitions-stop- question that is in our minds. He is ping 'at most of the beds for at least uncertain if he is being spoken to, and a few questions and nodding or saying our diagnosis is partly made. a word to each patient. This is the morning round. It's a torturous way, "Why did he cO{l1e in at night, paved with toil and agony, and lighted Doctor ?" by the reflection from the glow of an invisible Presence. "Oh, he is not in for his blindness, he is an opium suicide, but he either did not take enough, or his family got him here very promptly. We worked over him for some hours, and he seems safe now."

Bending over the young man we notice that his breathing is quiet and steady. He is now conscious of our nearness, but two white patches SOME LOVE AT WORK Bed endowed by American children in memory 6£ a crippled boy

where his black pupils ought to be "Yes." show that he is stone blind. Seating It depends on circumstances. One ourselves quietly on the side of his of the circumstances is the reach and bed, we put our hand on his. the imaginative power of some one's love. "Noong a-z hah-tsz Va?" (So you are blind.) **** "Sz-tsen." (It is so.) Some love has reached to China, "Why did you try to kill yourself?" half way around the world, and we "I do not wish to live." have seen something there of the "Tell us about it." human agony of one blind man, but "I am a tailor. A year ago I rap- beloved, there are others. It is our idly went blind. I can not see any- impression that, except in rare inthing, I can not do any work. No one stances, blind boys and men in China will employ me for anything. There eventually find their way on the street is now only to become a professional as professional beggars, the lowest beggar on the street, and that life is class of Chinese humanity; and then not worth living." (The fate of the there are the women and the girls-! blind in China.) "Why did you not come show us Jesus said to a certain group of your eyes first?" Christians who thought well of them- "What wotrld be the advantage? selves, "I counsel thee to anoint thine Blindness is incurable. that night has eyes with eye-salve that thou mayest no to-morrow." . see." "Behold, I stand at the door A month goes by, and there is a and knock." "If any man hear my group of four men gathered about a voice . . . Inasmuch." canary bird up in the roof garden, one very old, two middle-aged, and It would be the merest guess to' one a boy of twenty. They are talk- name the number of blind in China. ing about the good points of the bird, but I should consider it a fair estijust as we talk about the good points mate to say that there are a hundred of a bulldog. There is quiet joy in thousand perfectly curable blind eyes their faces. They have all been blind, in China to-day–but the love of and they all can see. The youngest some so-called Christians in America is our tailor boy. He is wearing his can not reach that far. new glasses, and trying experiments with them. We,nod to him, and this Some one said recently that every time he does respond: man believes in love. Henry Drum- "Si-Sang." (Master.) mond calls it "the universal language "Ze-voong! Ngan Kyung hau veh which all can understand," but it is hau?" (Well, tailor, how are the so much more; it is the life of God glasses ?) Himself, it is the gift in His son to Answer, "Hau-Ie." (Well, in- the whole human race, it is the whole deed.) "I can see to thread the Gospel message, it is salvation, it is smallest needle; I am glad." the whole commandment of Jesus "You see that night of blindness Christ, it is the motive of all valid had a to-morrow." Christian service, it is the unity of the Christian Church-the only possible unity that's worth more than a scrap of paper,-it is the measute of the

PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL

stature of the per- If thou woulds't fect man, it is the be perfect, oh! be- "These things ye loved bod y 0 f ought to l1ave done Christ, go sell all and not to have that thou hast and left the others un- follow thou Him done." fo r He I should like to is the way to see the whole body Love.

of Christ, for the "W h 0 s 0 ever next ten yea r s, shall lose his life make love "its sale for my sake and occupation," pray the Gospel's shall for love more than save it unto life for all else put to- Eternal."

gether; look, speak, "Whoso loveth work and think not knoweth love. With St. not God .

Paul, do this one' WAITING for God is thing, "Press on Love."

toward the goal unto the prize of the "I am the way follow thou high calling of God in Christ Jesus." me."

Progress of the Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul Ii. 1N EARLY five years ago, Korean Christians have been gradu- following the visit of ated. All the Methodist and Presby- Dr. W. W. White to terian theological students are re- Korea, a Union Bible quired to take their first year of School was started in preparation at the Bible School and Seoul, the capital of many others take advantage of the Korea, to train Bible teachers for the excellent courses of study provided. large and growing work in this most prosperous field of Protestant Mis- The number of students varies from sions. The school has since become fifty to one hundred, and these not the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible only study the Bible and how to teach School, with a Board ot Directors rep- it but they are engaged in practical resenting the Protestant Missions ~t Christian work in the city. In Sepwork in Seoul. The work has been tember, or October, the Bible School greatly blest, and several classes of will enter the new building, which is shown in course of erection in the ac-

companying illustration. It stands on given to a Chinese contractor, the sua commanding site on one of the main thoroughfares, on a hill overlooking perintendent of construction is a Japathe city. The funds in hand are sufficient for the completion of the main nese, and the furniture has been made by Koreans of the Y. M. C. A. in building but an additional $7,000 is Seoul.

greatly needed for the erection of a Dr. James S. Gale, secretary of the dormitory and for the purchase of the board of directors, writes: "The site we have secured commends itself to THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL PROPERTY IN SEOUL, CHOSEN (KOREA) This view shows the main building in course of erection, and gives an ,excellent idea of the commanding location near the main thoroughfare. The American committee hopes that additional gifts will make it possible to purchase the property adjacent to the street. The cost will be about $4,000.

land between the Bible School prop- us more and more. The fine open erty and the street. This purchase view is refreshing and the outlook will protect the approaches and pre- over the Japanese Middle School vent the erection of buildings 'that grounds and off to the palaces will be would shut in the Bible School and an aid to the labors of the class room." obscure what may be otherwise a commanding obj ect lesson to 'Koreans To-day is the day of opportunity in and travelers – a central Christian Korea. The Bible is the basis of landmark and gathering-place for Christian faith and practise among union Christian conferences. disciples in Chosen. This explains the reason for the apostolic character The contract for the building was of the Korean Christian Church.* * GHts for the purchase of th is property and for th,e erection of the needed dormitories 'for men and wornen may be sent to the Secretary of the American Committee, D. L. Pierson, 354 Fourth Avenue, New York. Checks may be made payable to Valter McDougall, Treasurer.

We Ready for War?*

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D.

GREJAT vision is not al-.. name "Christian Soldiers?" In the lurid light of the warfare in Europe mA ways beneficent. Un- can we speak without shame of "fight- less it issues in a great ing the good fight of faith?" What- crusade it becomes only ever one may think about war, we a deadening dream, a should challenge ourselves as to reverie, a kind of medi- whether we are entitled to call our- selves an army equipped to proclaim tation, that puts the active powers the message of the Lord and establish "peace on earth and good-will to men." to sleep. We must have not merely the vision, Military metaphors are used very but the glowing spirit of crusade. We must not only go out from these confrequently in connection with the lay- ventions seeing-we must go out fight- ing. Let me take my place just where men's missionary campaign. These the Lord has put me and there fight for God and His truth with all the ardor metaphors, so abounding in the New of the soldier now fighting for his country in Europe. Testament, and used with extraordin- Turn your eyes upon Europe and ary vividness, have been reborn and then fix them upon yourself. Weare learning by the warfare in Europe that rebaptized in the horrors of the Euro- a powerful army is possest by the conviction that it is fighting for somepean war. The very word war has a thing worth while. It may be the de- fense of the home or the glory of the new significance; the word fighting country; it may be the glory of the lJiighted word; or the sacred cause of suggests an amazing conflict; the word freedom; or the unity and security of empire. Whatever it is, there must endurance betokens almost unspeak- be something of controlling power if the strength of the army is to be susable resources; the word valor has tained. There can not be perennial springs of energy where there is no come to palpitate with a self-forget- deep and vital faith. It is in great convictions that great emotions have fulness for which it never stood be- their birth. Emotion is always thin where conviction is faint. But emofore. Therefore, when we make mili- tion is like a river when the convic- tary terms the terminology of religion, I am afraid that the very brilliance of our terminology may eclipse the some- what somber dulness of our lives.

If we are going out as an army seeking to incarnate the visions of these missionary conventions, how do we, as an army, compare with the armies in Europe? Can we be favor- ably mentioned alongside of the armies in Flanders or the Tyrol or the Rus- sian frontier? Look at anyone of the European armies and then turn your eyes upon the army of the Lord.

Is that army dimmed by the army in Europe? Are we entitled to the … An address delivered at the Laymen's Missionary ConventionJ New York, Wednesday evening. April 12, 1916.

tion is like a mountain. An army Cambridge is empty. Edinburgh Uniwithout mighty conviction is like a versity is empty. The great industrial loose multitude without bonds. universities in Birmingham, Sheffield and Manchester are empty. The Now, have we, as Christians, any young fellows are away at the front. such conviction ? I do not sayan Look into the banks and factories and opinion- a thing that flies away like a we find that the young fellows are all falling feather, but a conviction- gone and girls are in their places. something that holds me as its convict, Every empty place means that a man that possesses me, controls me. Have has given his blood in the defense of we any convictions worth fighting for? his nation. Everywhere in Europe just now there is a readiness to con- We see in this world of sin and secrate blood in the defense of home suffering the need for a great and and fatherland. glorious emancipation. Is that worth fighting for? We are fighting to make Last summer, when I was walking known the love of our Father in the through a little village in Gloucesterperson and work of our Savior, Jesus shire, I saw a woman standing at the Christ. Weare fighting to disperse door of a little cottage. She turned darkness and ignorance, to break the to me and said: chains of evil habit, to offer salvation from the bondage of sin, to make an "Is there any news of the war this end of cruelty, to emancipate the op- morning?" prest, to dry tears no other hand can touch, to transfigure sorrow, to I told her the news and then asked, exalt wedlock, to glorify the home, to "Are you very much interested in the hallow childhood, to beautify age, to war?" light up death. "Very much interested in it? Yes; Are these worth anything? Is it I have five sons at the front and I worth everything just to unveil the wish I had more to give." fatherhood of our God, to unveil the great motherhood of the race, to un- Five sons! Five sons! – "and I veil the springs of forgiveness, to un- wish I had more to give." seal the very fountains of true freedom, to open up the way of eternal That is the spirit of the European life, the way that leads to Home and war-no sacrifice is too great to se- God. Is that worth fighting to attain? cure ultimate triumph. Is it worth anything? Is it worth everything? If we ale convinced of How is it with the army of the the glory of that for which we are Lord? How do we compare with the fighting, we have the primary requi- European soldiers in the extent of our site for a fit army in the service of sacrifice? Are we ready to give our our Lord. blood to proclaim the incomparable splendor of our cause? The first blood Look again across the seas at the ought to be given when we pray. armies in Europe. There we see a James Hinton, that e~ceedingly promarvelous willingness to give blood to found and practical philosopher, said gain desired ends. MyoId University, that we shall have to begin giving Oxford, is empty. The University of more in our thinking and in our prayers. There is a way of bleeding when we pray. 1£ I merely pray about myself or my family there is no blood,

WE READY FOR WAR?

but when I pray and do not remember elist and public man, once wrote that myself at all, in the remembrance of his footman was a man without much other people, when my petitions go apparent personality. But he enlisted out like armies in loyal intercession, in the army, and after several months bearing other people to the throne of training, Sir Gilbert wrote that "he grace, then my prayers are red with simply was not the same man he was life blood. when in my service." He said to Sir Gilbert Parker, "I am keen to go and Is my labor red with blood? We I think I am fit for it now." often tire ourselves with things of the world. How many really wear them- Rev. Stuart Holden told me of a selves out in the work of the King- young fellow in his congregation who dom of the Lord? In a biography, I had been for nearly all his life sitting read, the other day, of a man who on an office stool. He gave himself, said in a letter to a friend: "It is a body, mind and soul to be disciplined glorious thing to get thoroughly tired in the army; and so well did that man out for Jesus." That is spending your serve his country upon the field, that blood as they are spending it for an he was summoned before the King and inferior purpose in Europe. That offered his choice of honors, whether should be the spirit of the army of the a commission in the Army or the Vic- Lord-red with the blood of sacri- toria Cross. A young man says when fice. he gives himself to the army of the King, "Here I am. My poor imperfect Across the seas, I find in the army body and mind I surrender to thee for a sense of community. Every man is discipline and for drill to equip myself making the best of himself for the for the field." service of the whole. The man places himself at the service of his country. How is it with me? 'King Jesus What drilling a man undergoes, what says to me, "Jowett, I want you to be discipline he follows, what obedience a well-equipped unit in my army. Give he practises when he thus places him- thyself to discipline and drill and make self in the army of the King! How thyself fit for the field." Am I doing willing he is to be equipped for the it? Am I keeping my body under and field! One night, in the very dead of making my body an efficient servant night, in a little town of Yorkshire, for my Lord? Am I training my mind I heard the call of the bugle and in clear and pure thought, in vigilant in twenty minutes I heard the sounds understanding and in swift and correct of thousands of feet running through moral judgment? Am I drilling mythe darkness, going for a night run of self in the mighty exercise of prayer? ten miles to harden the young recruits Am I engaged in the even more for the field. You would be amazed exhilarating discipline of praise? at the ~ransformations taking place Whereas, to me, as a boy, a prayer in the physical caliber of the young meeting was somewhat dull, a praise men and in their general powers which meeting was absolutely exhilarating. have been brought about through un- "Be not drunk with wine," says Saint reserved surrender of every capacity Paul, "but in giving thanks." You to be disciplined on the field. will find greater exhilarancy and stim- ulus, in praise than ever in wine. Have Sir Gilbert Parker, the famous nov-

we indulged in the exhilarating disci- ings? Are we always talking about pline of praise, and are we engaged in other people's wounds and other peothe enlarging, expanding and athletic ple's suffering? Are we so intent upon ministry of intercession? the suffering in India and China and Japan and Africa that we scarcely re- When a man begins to pray for member our own? Whenever we be- India and China and the islands of the gin to forget our own sufferings and sea, and does it intelligently and sym- our own hardships and our own burpathizingly, he is becoming an excep- dens, we are becoming well fitted to tionally well-equipped and disciplined be soldiers of the Lord. servant for the army of his Lord. One more word. In one of the vil- Look again at the warfare in Europe lages of Flanders I have been tolJ and see the armies possest by uncon- there is a large crucifix, and the figure querable courage and persistence. on the crucifix has been greatly man- Amid all that is desolate, appalling gled, and the arms of the figure, by and heartrending, there are glimpses the shells have been forced out into of heroism that light the darkness. an imploring attitude, but the face Think of that new officer dying in has been blown away. Now, my Flanders-and as he was dying,cry- brothers, that face must be restored. ing out to his Dorsetshire regiment: Europe must once again see the face "Stick to it Dorsets, stick to it Dor- of Jesus. Great Britain and Gersets." many and France and Russia must see the face of Jesus. We must help to If that is being a soldier in Europe, reveal it? Will you pledge yourselves what ought I to be as a soldier of the to do it, not merely in Europe, but in King? every land under the sun? Shall we pledge ourselves that with God's help One officer wrote home, and at the everyone of us will drill and discipline end of the long letter he just added and surrender until each one is as a postscript: "By the way, I am in well equipped for a soldier of Jesus as a hospital with a bit of shrapnel in the men in Europe are well equipped me." That is all there was of it. "By to serve their king and their country? the way!" China does not yet know Jesus. Are Another wrote home "I have a bul- we daunted? India does not yet know let buried in my face and five holes Jesus. Are we daunted? America in my shoulder. Jol1y mess they made does not yet know Jesus. Are we of me, but now I am washed I am all daunted? Let us rededicate ourright." It is that light dismissal of selves. personal wounds, it is that valorous thinking of other people; it is that Soldiers of Christ arise reconsecration of their poor patched- And put your armor on. up bodies to the renewed service of their country that fil1s me with deep Strong in the strength which God supplies and grateful surprize. Who are these Through His eterual Son. soldiers ? Won't talk about their wounds; won't talk about themselves. From strength to strength go on, What about your elders' meetings? Wrestle and fight and pray, What about your deacons' meetings? What about your trustees' meet- Tread all the powers of darkness down And win the well-fought day.

A MARKET DAY SCENE IN CHIENG MAl, NORTH

Casting Out Demons In Asia EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY AT WORK IN THE FAR EAST * BY REV. THOMAS GUTHRIE SPEERS, NEW YORK AR'KET is held every had rented a booth, to which they EMJ three days in the little came every market day to preach town of Tap Teang in the "good news" to any who might pause to listen. We sat by their side ~ .:.. southern Siam. To the and watched. A half-breed, a Simo- Chinese evangelist, was speaking. On ~ old bamboo and thatch the wall behind him hung a mission- ary map of the world. His subject sheds come crowds of was the "Fatherhood of God," and, as he spoke, he pointed first to one people from all the many neighboring country and then to another, telling his hearers that the God whom he farms and hamlets. On the low plat- had found cared equally for the in- habitants of all the nations. Many forms running the length of the long in the crowd paused to listen, partly out of curiosity at the sight of forsheds were piled the stores of the eigners, partly out of interest in the words of the speaker. merchants and market women: fish As we watched there came one that were alive and flopping, fish that old man from a distant country vil- had been dead a long time; betel nut, native cloth, and cheap imported trink- ets; all these and more exposed to germs and offered for the inspection of the hundreds of people passing up and down the long alleyways.

In one corner of the market a little group of native Christian evangelists '*" Mr. Sp'eers has recently returned from a tour of missions in Eastern Asia. His report is particularly interesting as that of a wide·awake college graduate interested in world betterment.-EDITOR.

A RIVER BOAT IN THE NORTH OF SIAM The notch in the high curved stern is for the spirit to sit in so it will not disturb the crew lage, one who had never before heard pression on that man's face as he of Christ. He stopt to listen on the heard more and more of the message outskirts of the little group. Almost of the half-breed evangelist, without instantly his attention seemed to be being sure that Christianity was not caught, and we could see him nod merely a collection of theories or once in a while as if to say, "What truths, not merely an ethical system, you tell us is true." Without taking but a living, glowing force, a vital his eyes from the face of the evange- power, a reality! list, he moved to the edge of the little market platform and sat down to Of the many impressions which the listen further. As his interest grew Christian traveler in the Far East rehe pushed himself back on the plat- ceives none comes to him with such form more and more so that he force as this impression of the wonwould not be disturbed by those who der of his own religion. In America passed. At last he rested his shoul- a man's vision of Christianity is obders against the wall and settled scured by the multiplicity of interests down to spend the remainder of his and by the fact that the majority of morning hearing the truth which one's neighbors and friends call themwas so new and yet which appealed selves Christians. Consequently, a so strongly to his heart. Noone man often fails to recognize the vitalcould have sat there in that filthy ity and power of the Christian shed and watched the changing ex- religion.

In the Far East, on the contrary, it

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50!

VICTIM OF' HEATHEN LAW IN KOREA The criminal law in Asia is based entirely on the principle of fear stands out clear-cut against the back- those who have not had that advan- tage, who through ignorance and suground of the Asiatic religions, That perstition dwell in constant dread of something, they know not what. which is considered the usual in Amer- Through all the countries of the Far East there exists this fear, fear of ica is seen as the unusual out there. the unseen, fear of something which always seeks to harm men. That which we at home accept half- In the Philippine Islands there are heartedly is seen to be a wonderful, men and women who do not dare to leave their huts between eight and living force. Anyone who has had the nine o'clock in the evening because they believe that the spirits of the privilege of witnessing the effect of departed return to earth during that hour and torment those who have not the preaching of the Gospel upon a lived as they should.

man who has never before heard the In China we noticed that nearly every house had a great spirit wall Good News can not fail to realize built up in the road directly in front of the door to prevent evil spirits that there is far more to the Chris- from entering the house. The people believe that spirits can fly only in tian religion than many in America think Here are a few of the changes that the Christian religion IS working in the Far East to-day: .

The Demon of Fear First, Christ is delivering people from fear. We who have been brought up in a <:ivilized country can not know the attitude of mind of

straight lines; and so, when they have dren make in kindergarten-images erected these walls, they feel safe in of buffaloes, of elephants, and of their homes, for the spirits can not children. When a father finds that go up over the top of the guardian his boy is sick he makes a clay image walls and then down through the of a child and puts it in the spirit door on the other side. Imagine the shrine, and then prays to the spirit, attitude of mind of men to whom saying: such things are real, who would actually be afraid to live in a house "0 spirit, you do not want my little which did not have a spirit wall pro- boy, for he is ugly and weak and can tecting the doorway! do nothing that is helpful. Rather take this child, who is so beautiful In Korea (Chosen, Japan), at the and who will do many useful things church services the men sit on one for you. 0 spirit, you do not want side of a center partition and the my little boy!" women on the other, the men with their funny little black hats perched In that way the father hopes to deupon the tops of their heads, the ceive the spirit into taking the clay women with their white cloth head- image instead of the real boy. To dresses. Then close up to the edge those who have our Western backof the platform one sees a small circle ground of thought this does not seem of black heads-the little children, very terrible, but it is real to them! who wear no head covering at all. All their lives they have believed that And there is scarcely anything more the whole universe is filled with unpathetic than to look down upon seen powers, everyone of whom is those little black heads and see many constantly seeking to harm them, to of them with a small round spot bring sickness upon them, to destroy burned into the top of their scalps, th'eir crops, to blow down their where their parents have branded houses. There are no kindly spirits; them with red-hot irons in order to they are all evil and hostile to men. drive out the evil spirits of sickness. Imagine the mental attitude of men It is fearful enough to think of par- who have lived all their lives under ents inflicting such torture upon the the shadow of this fear, and then children they love, but it is more ter- consider the change that comes over rible to consider the atmosphere of them when they [earn of Christdread in which all of them must live. when they are told that there is but The fear of the hostile unseen makes one Great Spirit, Who made the them believe that such physical suffer- world and Who rules it now, and ing is necessary. that this Great Spirit is a loving spirit, a Father Who seeks not to Siam especially seems filled with harm His children, but to work them the fear of spirits. Along the coun- good. Christianity is delivering men try roads one frequently sees little from fear. spirit shrines-a bamboo post stuck up in the ground with a flat tray set The Demon of Filth on top of it. And in the tray one may find a whole collection of small Not only this, but Christianity is clay images such as American chil- doing the very practical service III the Far East to':'day of delivering

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA 50

men from filth. The slums of some The Gospel of Power of our great American cities are dirty, but one has little conception of what Christianity is doing a greater thing real uncleanliness means until he has than delivering men from either fear visited the cities and towns of the or filth. It is giving power to believ- Far East. The streets, the roadside ers, enabling them to do things that ditches and little canals all filled they never could have done before, with an indescribable mass of slime things, perhaps, which they never and filth, the unsanitary conditions in would have desired to do.

In 1912, at the close of the revolu- THE BONDAGE OF FILTH AND POVERTY IN ASIA A wayside beggar in China the houses, the absence of anything tion in China, when the Cantonese resembling personal cleanliness, all soldiers returned from the north, they contribute to a horrible condition of brought with them to sel1 as slaves dirt and pollution. some six hundred little boys and girls whom they had stolen from their Yet one of the most interesting side- homes. General Hwang Sing had not lights on the Gospel was the oft-re- gone up to the north with them, but peated statement, made to us in met his soldiers as they passed Korea, that when men become Chris- through Nanking. When he discovtians they also become clean. Little ered what they had done, in his anger is said to them about it, but naturally he had some of them beheaded. He of their own accord they clean up. took the children from their captors There seems to be something in the and gave them into the care of a little Gospel of Christ that can not exist Chinese woman named Miss Chow, side by side with dirt. When a man's who, entirely from a motive of patrisoul has been made clean he feels otism and a desire to do something compelled to purify his body also.

for this new government, volunteered body and the strong, beautiful face of to start an orphanage for them. She the lady who has accomplished these was given an old yamen or court things, and we felt sure that Miss house, and for a while she tried to Chow had not worked alone, but that carry out the stupendous piece of there had been with her One by work. But soon her motive of patri- means of Whose power and love she otism wore out, not being strong had been enabled to work the work enough to stand against the difficul- of the Father Who sent her. Out ties and discouragements which con- of weakness she was made strong.

TEACHING FILIPINOS THE BLESSING OF LABOR A class in agriculture at Silliman InstituteJ Philippines stantly crossed her path. She would All through the countries of the perhaps have given up, but just then Far East one finds men and women into her life there came the knowl- doing things that they never in the edge of Christ, and immediately all world could have accomplished withthings were changed. Her motive of out the power of God in their lives. patriotism was ennobled and purified. The difficulties which before had But this is not enough to inspire seemed unsurmountable now appeared men and women to leave their homes possible of solution. We visited that and go to countries whose languages little orphanage and looked into the they do not know, with whose cusfaces of the children and heard of the toms they are unfamiliar, and among marvelous things that ar~ being done whose inhabitants they are often most for their lives. We saw the frail unwelcome, there to live and work for life. It is splendid to relieve men

OUT DEMONS IN ASIA

of their fear, to purify them of their up on high; those who were facing filth, and to enable them to do things one way have been turned squarely that they could not have done before; around and now walk in the opposite but these motives of pity, of hygiene, direction. and of efficiency are not sufficient to warrant the existence of such a task We saw many instances of this as the missionary enterprise. Men transforming power of Christianity. would demand some higher possibility In Japan we met Buddhist priests before they would make the sacrifice who had once sought only selfish and corrupt pleasures, but who now are GIRLS AND WOMEN OF A SABBATH CONGREGATION AT TAIKU, KOREA The curtain dtviding the men from v;,~'::~h,;;,a~i~dos~en at the left. The large basket hats which they do so willingly in becom- giving their lives to the unselfish sering messengers of Christianity to far vice of their fellow men in purity distant lands. and love. In northern Siam we saw a whole village, 'It one time a nest The Power That Transforms of thieves and murderers, now eagerly crowding into the little chu:-ch which Christianity offers this higher pos- they have built with their own hands, sibility in the one thing which it is the leaders of the old robber band doing supremely throughout the Far acting as the officers in the church. East, namely, the transformation of We listened to a farmer boy in the character. Nothing could be more Philippine Islands as he rose in his wonderful than to see the changes school assembly and told the boys which Christianity has brought about that when he had come there he had in this realm. Men who were far been very sinful, but that when he down in the mire have been raised

had learned the truth in the Bible it his father was ashamed, but which had helped him to cleanse his soul neither he nor his religion was able and his life. to prevent. At last in desperation he brought this wayward son to the one The most striking example of the lone Christian missionary who lives transforming power of Christianity in that stronghold of Shinto, telling we found in the city of Yamada in her that he could do nothing, and Japan. This is a sacred city that is asking that she use the power of her visited yearly by thousands of pil- religion to help his son. Into the grims, who come from all over the fellowship of the little group of per- Japanese empire to worship there at haps fifty Christians the boy was the imperial Shinto shrines. It is a taken; and we saw him there at a city of only about 40,000 inhabitants, meeting in the house of the missionbut it contains 800 hotels, erected ary, an absolutely new man. What solely for the benefit of the long all the powers of Shirito couid not do stream of worshipers. The shrines that Christianity had accomplished. themselves are very simple. In front A life had been transformed, a charare small rock-hewn basins filled with acter made new by the power of water for the purification of the pil- God. grims. From these basins they come in a constant procession up to the These are some of the things that shrine itself. There they drop a cop- the religion of Christ is doing for the per coin in a box made ready for the people of the Far East. He is delivpurpose, fall on their knees, clap ering them from fear, cleansing them their hands twice to attract the at- of their filth, giving them power, and, tention of the goddess, mumble some most important of all, He is transformula of prayer to be made clean fonning their lives. No other reliand pure, rise and go back to their gion is doing this in the Far East. homes. Since the shrines were first No other power than Christ can do erected, in 4 B.C., men have been it. Peter stated the truth when he thus coming to this sacred place, seek- said to the Sanhedrin: ing and longing for something, but gaining nothing. The son of one of "In none other is there salvation; the head priests, in spite of his sacred for neither is there any other name surroundings, became very wild and under heaven, that is given among unruly. He did many things of which men, wherein we must be saved." The Acts 4: 12. (R. V.)

Itongolo-The Black

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, S.T.D. Author of Fetishism in West Africa ~""'''''''''t"'"G~HILE I was living at took such statements with caution; Benito, W est Africa, there might be selfish desire for em- I sent some of the best ployment. I did employ him. He native church-members was quick, faithful, cheerful. When to adjacent districts, others, at the noon rest, sat down to ten or twenty miles smoke, he came for a lesson in the alphabet. At night, when others went away, as teachers or evangelists. One to the village dance, he came to my day I started alone down the coast, study for more lessons, and to ask a along the sea-beach, to inspect the multitude of questions. He grew school at Hanje. I leaped across or rapidly. He became a church-memwaded through some of the many ber. I made him, successively, forelittle streams that crossed the beach. man of the workmen, captain of my At a larger one, I undrest and swam. boat's crew, teacher, evangelist, ruling elder. He became a candidate and At Hanje, I had a happy time, ex- licentiate. During all the many years amining, commending, and encourag- of testing, he never once failed, and ing, and, late in the afternoon, I never laid himself open to rebuke by started to walk back the ten miles. either session or presbytery. Coming to that large stream, I intended again to swim it; but, I saw While Itongolo was in my employ sharks. So I sat down under the as teacher some ten miles away, he bushes at the top of the beach, hoping regularly made monthly visits to me that a canoe, with two men whom I to report. On one of these occasions, saw fishing, would come ashore and a brother of his had died at a village ferry me. Finally, the canoe did along the route he was to take. come; but, the two men were armed Almost any other native would have with guns and seemed to be acting in abandoned the report, and would a suspicious way. It seemed strange have spent at least a week in idleness that fishers should also have guns. at the mourning, sitting in rags and When they landed, the younger one ashes. But Itongolo had drest himbroke into a laugh. They came to self in unusually good clothing on his me. I did not know them, nor they respectful visit to me. He stopt at me. They asked what I was doing, the village where the mourning was hidden in the bushes. I told them being held. When he entered the that I was resting in the shade, and street, the mourners broke out in inwaiting for them to ferry me. They dignation at his fine clothing, "You did so. Then I sat down on the gun- have no love for your brother! We wale of their canoe and preached are sitting in rags and dust." He Jesus unto them. replied, "In my heart I am mourning for my brother more truly than you Two weeks later, the younger one, are doing with your dust! I am Itongolo, came to me, saying that he desired to be a Christian. I generally

doing my monthly duty of reporting "Yes, and I remember your laugh. to the white missionary, whom I At what were you laughing?" respect too much to go to him in rags. I will, however, recognize our "Dr. Nassau, your life was in custom, and will mourn with you for danger that day. With the other one day, and then I will go on my man I had been fishing unsuccessway." fully. We had our guns; for, the tribe at that part of the coast was During the while that he was in not friendly to us. Suddenly I saw my personal service at Benito, in his an object hidden in the bushes on the church activity, he organized a Civili- beach, and we cautiously came ashore, zation Society. He did not ask my so as not to alarm it, in order that advice, nor did he ask me to attend. I might shoot it. On landing I saw This was so unusual that, for a that what I had thought was a wild moment, I was disposed to resent beast was a human being. And I being ignored. But, he explained: laughed to my companion at our disappointment. " "If you attend, the members will not say all their thoughts, they will Itongolo's wife was older than himspeak only to please you. Some of self. Tho forty years of age, she them in their hearts still approve of learned to read, and became an old customs. To me they speak earnest worker among the women. freely; and I make them see that they After her death he married a younger are wrong." woman. He died in the prime of life in charge of the Ubenji church. So I refrained from attending the He was always true, quick, earnest, meeting, and he regularly came to with a happy, hopeful temper. As report to me what had been said and done. He opened my eyes to my protege (as did other proteges to the real character of some of the church-members. Finally, after many their special teacher) he imitated me years as a licentiate, he came before in my penmanship, my pulpit man- Presbytery for ordination. After the nerism~, my tastes in house-building, laying on of hands he said to me: and in other ways. I thought him the most spiritually minded of our "Dr. Nassau, do you remember that native ministers. first day that we met?"

HOW ONE READER USES THE REVIEW "Please let me thank you for the BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. Some of the plans I have passed on to the four hundred children's Mission Bands under my care, and I feel that I can voice their appreciation with my own.

"Just now I am in the midst of going through the file of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am opening the wires at the back of each number, slipping out the 'Department of Best Methods,' slipping the wireS' again into place, leaving the magazines in apparently unchanged condition. All the pages of the 'Departments' I am binding together for more convenient handling and for frequent reference.

"Possibly others may find this a method that may be included among the 'Best: "-From a letter received from Miss Elizabeth N. Briggs, Raleigh, N. C, Band and R. A. Superintendent, 'iVoman's Baptist Missionary Union of North Carolina.

NEED OF MORAL AND SPIRITUAL

A typical lumber camp with its saloons where spiritual engineers are at work Seeking Men and Finding God THE SUBJECTIVE REACTION FROM CHRISTIAN SERVICE BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M.A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department International Y. M. C. A.

EEKING men and A millionaire's son, an under- graduate in college, who had been led ISI finding God! Chris- into his first service for some fac- tian workers are ac- tory men, said: customed to think of "The men I've been teaching have done me more good than I can ever . . first finding God and do them, and it is real joy to be doing something worth while. I'm . . then expressing our not ashamed to say that this work has changed my whole viewpoint of faith and love in terms of service life and made me realize for the first time what it means to be a Chrisfor men. This is not only advisable tian."

but necessary. "By their fruits ye His life was truly transformed, as was further proved when, a few years shalI know them." Service is essen- later, he took charge of several hun- dred lumbermen in one of his father's tial to a real Christian life, but how western camps, improved their work- ing and living conditions, raised their about the large number of men and wages, and became known as a "square boss and the workingman's women who are not Christians yet who friend."

have real ability going to waste? Many A man uninterested in Christian could not teach a Bible class but they could teach mathematics to a group of apprentices, take part in a survey, or render some other form of worth- while service. Seeking men (in cer- tain forms of service) sometimes helps the seekers to find God. A few illustrations may more clearly explain my theme.

work and not known as religious, tho ica, causing him several times to con- brought up in a Christian home, re- template suicide, because he could not cently responded to an appeal to lead get on, Joe stood on a street corner a boys' educational club, "because the one evening, when a volunteer spoke thing looked real" to him. It was to him as a brother and invited him not directly "religious work," but to to join an English class. Joe joined, him it became a religious privilege. became interpreter, then teacher, and After a year of this service and a learned how he could serve others.

fellowship in service with other This opened the door into a new workers, he entered religious work life. He soon joined the church, for life. Evangelistic meetings, Bible and is now ready to give his life to classes, talks, etc., had not touched Christian work. The volunteer who the niotor nerve in this man, but spoke to Joe on the street corner was when he was given something to do a Jewish student, who was beginning for somebody else his heart re- to discover Jesus as the fulfilment of sponded. He was not an "excep- his faith. Somehow, hundreds of.

tion," but one of the "average men." "Christians" had passed Joe by "on The captain of an eastern football the other side," but the Jew had not.

team, the most popular man in col- A letter from this same Jew states lege, was opposed to the student that he has joined the Association in Young Men's Christian Association a Western city, lives in the building, because he felt (wrongly, to be sure) and is teaching a Bible class there.

that it was "only a prayer-meeting." He writes: Nevertheless, when asked to teach "The first lesson I taught was the citizenship and American ideals to a Sermon on the Mount. We discust group of foreigners, he accepted the it for two hours without getting half challenge, even at considerable sacri- through. It's great!"

fice. Through this he became inter- That Jew is now' living a life of ested in the entire work, was elected Christian service, because, in seek- pre$ident of the Association, won ing men, he too found the only true many of his fellows to the Kingdom God, and heard the caIl of Jesus and has now become a Y. M. C. A. Christ to a larger ministry.

secretary in the very city where he How did that Jew happen to do the first enjoyed the privilege of a real unselfish thing in the first place? Back service-experience. in his college was a Y. M. C. A. sec- My friend Joe is an Italian lad, retary who believed in the evange- whose life is one of constant struggle lizing power of service and who was to resist temptation and gain a live- willing to trust the average man- lihood. Recently we saw Joe walk- even a Jew. And when this secre- ing the streets of New York looking tary saw the results of his trust in for work, because he had just given men, his trust in God was strength- up a good position for another . ened. This was another "subjective "foreigner" who needed it more than reaction from service."

he. Some call Joe a fool. We call Real men are not enthusiastic about him a hero. After three years of serving on "paper committees," but hardship and ill-treatment in Amer- will gladly go out into the com·

MEN AND FINDING GOD

SE.ElCING MEN proportion to the reality of the serv- ice activities. The college man in touch with the industrial worker I am also interested in the indus- trial aspect of this idea. I have obmunity to undertake something far served other men, after similar servmore difficult. In fact, we have seen ice experience, go from college into some college men who saw nothing industrial centers and make possible to interest them in their church, but movements for accident prevention, who were among the first to respond social hygiene, proper amusements to a real service appeal. Some of for their men, welfare club buildings these same men, after a year's serv- and branches of the church or Young ice, not only joined the church but Men's Christian Association, often in became teachers of its Bible classes, places where no other restraining or which classes began to reach men, refining influence previously existed. heretofore seemingly unreachable. Still others have gone to large cities Some may fear that "service" may where they have gladly placed their supersede or interfere with "serv- experience at the disposal of the ices" and other activities, but such church. As this is being written a a fear is unfounded, if proper suPer- letter arrives from a graduate who vision is provided. Something must says: "I never seem to be quite satisbe vitally wrong if the strength of fied with life, although I have every the Bible study, brotherhood meetings reason to be. I have given the and other such work does not in the matter a good deal of thought, have last analysis prove to be in direct changed positions twice, without re- sult. The trouble is that I've been doing things entirely for myself, and devoting all my energy to my own A FOREIGNERJS OPINION · OF AMERICA

advancement. I am convinced that In his travels throughout the past the only way to get any real satis- six years the writer has personally faction out of life, is to devote more observed over five thousand men, of my time to working for others. mostly from universities and church Please put me in touch with a real men's brotherhoods, placed in various job." forms of volunteer service, such as teaching English and civics to for- The very nature of Christian work eigners, leading boys' clubs, instructdemands that we give volunteers a ing groups in first aid, giving shop chance to do some one thing that they talks, leading classes in labor unions and over fifty other lines of work. can do. Many of these men have been of the We preach the gospel of personal type indicated and some have un- doubtedly volunteered for service beand social service and maintain that cause they desired the experience or anyone who fails to practise this from other "selfish" reasons, but not greatest of Christ's principles-serv- a single one of them, so far as we ice-can not be a real Christian. can learn, after careful study, has Lives become selfish and self-cen- failed to feel a subjective reactiontred, because- men are "too busy" a reacdon which, in many instances to accept and make opportunities for has meant enlarged sympathy, exservice. The warning note in many tended vision, quickened understandreligious conferences is the necessity ing that amounts to a revelation and of avoiding breadth at the expense of frequently means, even in spite of depth, and the importance of the themselves, that men in seeking men minister or religious leader himself found God! never becoming so much of a social engineer as to be led away from in- "If any man willeth to do His will he timate touch with the individual man shall know of the teaching."-John 7: 17. who hungers for brotherhood. Notwithstanding all this, too many of us If this is true of the non-Chrisare afraid to give the average man a tian, it is equally true of the doubtchance to serve, and thus prevent his ing Christian. He was a wise man getting from service the very things who sent the brother, filled with we all agree he needs to make his doubts, out into the western construclife essentially Christian. tion camp to work among men, for word came back: "I arrived here There are men and boys in our doubting much in religion, but when churches and Christian societies whQ I found how badly these poor felare cold, distant, and of that particular lows needed a Savior, I got busy and not uncommon type of mind and my doubts vanished." which resents both "preaching" and "personal work" (vitally important In order that we might benefit by as this is), and who perhaps need a the definite counsel of ministers and real service-experience, more than others, a brief questionnaire was reanything else, to bring about a spiri- cently sent to many student and city tual awakening in their lives. That Y. M. C. A. secretaries, who are such men will respond to the service using large numbers of volunteer appeal has been adequately proved, especially during the past few years.

MEN AND FINDING GOoD 51

workers. The following digest of results in more kindly, Christ-like relareplies is significant: tions with all men and gives one a new working faith in the average goodness I. What is the effect of industrial of men." service upon the student who serves? "Tends to tone up a man's whole life." "By frequent intimate contact with working men, the student secures a first- 2. Have you noted instances where hand knowledge of their working and men's lives have been strengthened living conditions and becomes interested spiritually as a result of such service? in improving these conditions in a rational and effective manner. By this unselfish "Most certainly. The chairman of our t:NCLYf fOR £!l!WN'!…

~ri., A Ntnth lHwn Wa.c~ YISITon kOOCks Aman knocks allre fronl goes Tile falller aoes to IIlf 0001 !/Ilfn, The lalher opens 1111! !klI IS slandlng Mr.SmlthlSslandll!gon1l1l! c shal<tshaOCls The lall1er snakes hands Wllh T~a~t"f. ~;HoW tl saYS Mr. smlh sav~ I am well. lhank you: Mr. Smlth carnes Into Ille T e ffiO/N'r W~(omes lit SIIS In me parlOr The lamer IaIkS 1l) h The mOlber brings n take and COIIee.

rile oaugnler helllS her rr.

The son IS not al home. Mr. SllI/lh gelS up fQ lea He saYS "g1lOll·bye-llllhe TheIrefalthlOeOrr.ices Wllh ~ Mr 'imilh saYs "ROOIIlJy lather says "g1lOll by ""(ome again.

M.5ml ea MAKING THE FOREIGNER AT HOME IN AMERICA Teaching the incoming millions to think and speak Christian American ideas service, he becomes less self-centered, Intercollegiate Council has greatly deand is usually greatly strengthened both veloped. A year ago he was· 'indifferent.' morally and spiritually. I am convinced Now he 'fairly eats the work.' The work that the value of the SUbjective reaction is helping him get his spiritual equilibrium of this service upon the student can not and he will probably give his life to it." be overestimated." "The year after R– started this "It's a wonderful, and sometimes a work, he became chairman of the Bible humiliating revelation to a fellow to get Study Committee. He had not been inup against some of thes"e foreign men. terested in the Church or Y. M. C. A. It makes a fellow readjust a good deal before. He is now thinking seriously of of his previous thinking. Practically, it taking up the Association work for life."

HELPIN G BOYS INTO CHRISTIAN MANHOOD AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 3. Do you know of cases where by his becoming chairman of the commen have been won for Christ as a mittee." result of such service? "Many men have joined the Church "I am acquainted with one fellow whos'e as a result of this volunteer service." life was absolutely changed through work with working boys. He has been defi- These quotations speak for themnitely won to Christ, and is contemplating selves. The surpri~ing part of our giving his life to the work." investigation is that not a single Christian worker interviewed or cor- "I believe decidedly that industrial responded with doubted the spiritual service awakens men to their own real reaction from service: This is another need of help, and drives them to Christ strong argument for ' the use of "the as their all-sufficient Savior." average man" in volunteer work. Church history fully justifies the use 4. Are some men won by gIVing even of the non,Christian for certain them a real job to do, where other forms of service. We recognize that methods fail? now and then such a volunteer may not be as efficient or truly representa- "Captain of the college swimming team tive as we might wish, but may it not is an example. Until this year the Church be our duty to take some "risks" for or Y. M. C. A. hadn't been able to in- the sake of what the service renterest him in anything. We succeeded in dered may do for him who renders it? getting him to take a club of boys, and As a matter of fact, for one man who the effect this had upon him is shown

MEN AND FINDING

COLLEGE MEN CONDUCTING A BOYS' "GYM CLUB" AT WILLIAMSTOWN fails, one hundred men may rise up in some Christian workers the obstacles a new strength and astonish us with seem almost unsurmountable. But their earnestness and efficiency, and have you observed what has hapmay find God. pened to some obstacles in the path of progress during the past forty We know, intimately, one man years? In 1875, when "dreamers" whose whole viewpoint of religion said we could draw from the open air was changed through trying to teach an invisible force that would run our a class of foreigners English, even machinery, pull our trains and light tho the class failed after a few weeks. our cities; that we could record and The volunteer did not help the for- reproduce the human voice for the eigners very much, but he tried hard; pleasure and profit of mankind, people he will do better next time. He says: agreed they were crazy. In 1880, "Before I undertook this work the when other "dreamers" affirmed that only ideal I had in life was to make yellow fever could be conquered and all the money I could regardless of the death rate from tuberculosis and anyone. Now I don't care where typhoid cut in half; that torpedo I go or what the salary so long as it boats could speed safely and swiftly IS some place where I can help through fathoms under the sea; that others." horses would to a large extent give place to "horseless carriages," people Overcoming Impossibilities laughed in derision. In 1895, when men of science declared that messages There are difficulties in the way of using volunteers extensively, and to

would be sent through space along men, average men, of the· type preelectrical waves; that motion could be viously indicated have also been used continuously photographed and repro- in certain kinds of service with great duced in "moving pictures," many success. said, "Ridiculous, it can not be done." In I902 a few daring spirits affirmed Many churches and other religious that there would soon be "flying organizations are enlisting their memmachines" that could travel one hun- bers in successful volunteer service as dred miles an hour, and "wise ones" never before. In this way some of smiled. In I 909, when adventurers the "average men" in life are being claimed that the North and South afforded a real service-experience- Poles would be reached, it seemed and some of these ordinary men, like mere bravado. When China, the through service and the power of oldest and most absolute government, God, are being led into most extraorwas changed to a Republic, the whole dinary activity. world wondered. The more we discover and use All of 'these "dreams have con- these average men, delegating to them densed their misty substances into responsibility and authority, even tangible realities," because a few had with all their faults and weaknesses, faith in them. A few years ago we, trusting them and trusting God (who among others, thought it impossible is more anxious for them to "make to enlist hundreds of busy men, good" than we are), the more souls engineering students particularly, in will be won for the Kingdom! After volunteer service for industrial all, is there a man or older boy in workers, but there are now 4,000 whose heart there is not the capacity such students from 200 colleges ren- of response to the service appeal, if dering forty different kinds of in- that appeal is made in the right way? dustrial service each week. Besides Is it not a witness to the Divine in this, nearly 3,000 graduates who be- man, and should we not in this way came interested at college are now give God more of a chance and trust promoting the ideas and ideals of the Him to fan the spark into a flame? Industrial Service Movement of the Y. M. C. A. The types of service "Lead me, yea, lead me deeper into life; promoted by this Movement par- this suffering human life wherein Thou !iv'st ticularly appeal to college men. and breathest still, and hold'st Thy way di- Large numbers of the finest kind of vine. 'Tis here, 0 pitying Christ, where Christian men are used in this work. Thee I seek. Here where the strife is The character and Christian life of fiercest; where the sun beats down upon the the leader always counts more than highways thronged with men, and in the anything else. But other men–good raging mart. 0 deeller lead my soul into the living world of souls where Thou dost move."-Richard Watson Gilder.

Japan's Leadership In

BY ROBERT E. SPEER) NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

1I….rtHJ'……..'""'~IHE net judgment with which a Western race or nation would which we returned to be judged, unless the latter be held America, after three to a stricter accountability because of VISItS during seven their fuller light. months, is a judg- ment of increased re- Whoever seeks to view the Far East with an impartial mind to-day spect for Japan and for what she has will be imprest anew with the sigachieved and a deepened confidence nificance of the history which Japan in the worthy and better elements of has made. Of the Asiatic nations Japanese life and character. There she alone has thus far shown hersel f are circles both in the East and III capable of actually mastering and the West in which it is almost as absorbing the principles of efficiency much as a man's life is worth to which lie behind modern progress. express such a judgment as this, so The new civilization in Japan is deep is the feeling of racial distrust not merely imitative, but has been inof the Japanese and of suspicion of telligently absorbed as no other their political and commercial ambi- Asiatic nation has yet absorbed it. tions. Many times we have been frightened at the intensity of this The New in the Old feeling as we have encountered it at different points in the East. After what one has seen of the struggle for civilization in other Noone can complain of fair and Asiatic lands and of the danger of discriminating judgments, but what attempting to make tr:ansitions by frightens one in much of the prejudice breaches and over chasms, one appreagainst the Japanese is its unfairness ciates Japan's success in having and its lack of discrimination. moved from the old to the new with Courses of action pursued by America so little rupture and without the loss or Great Britain or Germany are of her own racial traditions and inviewed and judged in an entirely tegrity. The new has been grafted different light from similar courses on to the old not without blunders of action pursued by Japan. and some misshapen consequences, Japan's conduct is often considered a but in the main with wonderful skill matter of mere political expediency and success. or a cover of sinister purposes, while wrong done by Western nations is Japan has done better than any of too often condoned or lamented with the other Asiatic nations in presoft judgments. Wrong and right are serving good manners through such not affected by degrees of longitude. a transition. It is pitiful in some of Evil or unworthy actions on the part the Eastern lands to see how fully of the Japanese ought to be judged the old etiquette and courtesy have on precisely the same basis as that on passed away without the acquisition of such good manners as there may

still be left in the West. Japan is her example Japan could add inholding still to some of her old tra- fluences which would win the love ditions which she must transcend, but and confidence and good will of the she ought to be judged charitably if Asiatic peoples, the service which she she holds to them a little too long. might render to Asia and to the What can a nation build on except its world would be unlimited. But as past? The present history of Siam one travels about through Asia he shows how difficult it is to build up finds that while Japan is admired, a sense of national personality with- she is also feared. The other Asiatic out a living history. peoples complain that the Japanese are proud and overbearing, that they By grafting the new civilization on are seeking not to befriend and to her own racial life Japan has ren- guide but to overpower and dominate, dered a great service to the whole of to secure and monopolize the markets, Asia. It is true that the process has to promote the interests of Japan not been a perfect one. Every living alone and not to guard Asia for the experience of this kind is sure to be people of Asia or to seek the nobler mixed with crudities both of spirit end of fostering the brotherhood and and of form. Who should realize unity of all mankind. this better than Americans? But just as America set an example of inspira- If Japan could break down these tion and of hope to the peoples of the suspicions and free herself from all West, so Japan has done to the the influences which justify them and peoples of the East. They were in give her leadership unselfishly to the danger of slowly sinking into a sense Asiatic peoples it would be the beof racial incapacity, surrendering the ginning of a new day. hope that they could ever take a full place amid the serving, working, for- The Inspiration of Religion ward-moving. nations. Such a despair as this was itself sure to create its Only religion will be able to inown justification. And the strong spire ambitions like these in the heart nations have not been free from the of a nation and the old religions of error of schooling the backward Japan can neither give men such innations into the idea of their own spiration nor even produce these conincapacity, nor has the missionary ceptions in their minds. enterprise escaped from this reproach. But to treat either men or nations as Shinto is in the narrowest sense incapable of the highest is to dis- nationalistic and for purposes of qualify them for the highest. The nationalism even is now only a great need of the Asiatic peoples to- shadowy and receding force. Its day is that they should be steadily ritual has filled a large place in the heartened to believe that God has as coronation ceremonies, but it is a honorable and worthy work for them mere shell for departing ideas not to do as for any others. Japan's unwisely preserved, perhaps, until example has given such a heartening new and living ideas have more adeas this to all the Asiatic peoples. quately taken the place of the old. The Shinto shrines are kept in good If to the hope and inspiration of repair and to many of them in the holy places the people still throng,

16] JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN

but it is often with simply a holiday nation with penetrating and far-expurpose or as a rite of patriotism or tended influence. They have made a with a religious longing which would nation of readers. At the ricksha turn as readily to an image of Buddha stands the coolies read together while or to some symbol of animism. they wait. Messenger boys have their books in their pockets to read as Buddhism, broken into scores of they push their carts along the roads. sects, active in its propaganda, has It is claimed that more books are its huge temples and its millions of published and sold in Japan now adherents, but it has been badly each year than in Germany. For half damaged by notorious financial dis- a mile in one street in Tokio bookhonesty in its chief shrine, it can stalls, with new and second-hand not without logical contradiction fit books, line the street on either side. itself to the needs of a modern The yellow press, exceeding in irresociety, and in its effort to do so is sponsibility, in lack of historical perappropriating more and more of spective, in sobriety, in any conscious- Christian truth. One is imprest in- ness of the perils of its power, even our evitably by the splendor of the tem- yellow press in America, finds in all ples and the multitudes of people this mass of common men who are thronging about them, but two things now able to read a field where fire need to be kept in mind when we are can run as over a prairie. In the told of the activity and popularity of schools all classes meet together and Japanese Buddhism. One is that the in the democracy of their fellowship cleanness and good repair of the and of the truth which they are temples in Japan as compared with the taught forces are at work which must squalor and neglect of the temples slowly develop a new Japan and in so many other parts of Asia which will need the wisest guidance, may be due, not to any special if wise guides can be found to sucstrength of Buddhism, but merely to ceed the few survivors of the old the fact that everything is kept up men who have led Japan so successbetter in Japan than in other Asiatic fully along her amazing way. countries. The second is that the idea of amusement and recreation is One of the things which impresses more and more drawing crowds to one deeply as he comes to Japan the vicinity of the temples but is also from the Philippine Islands or China weakening and too often degrading is the tightness, the constriction, the' the old religious sensibilities. The close knit organization of life in best known of the Tokio temples is Japan. In spite of the license of the tenfold more now than twenty years press there is still a check upon free ago, the center of the amusement and expression. Japanese will often immorality of the city. lower their voices as they refer to some political or religious subject. A Nation of Readers Economically and socially also Japan seems to be completely set together, The processes of national educa- the paths to employment are clearly tion to which Japan whole-heartedly defined, the whole organization seems committed herself a generation and to be more nearly finished, with less more ago have wrought upon the

room for free play, for initiative, for schools or public halls or even in innovation. Buddhist monasteries. The secular newspapers are reporting now not The Japanese are beginning to feel only religious meetings where the disthis and are attributing some of it to cussions have had a semi-political the rigidity of their educational cast but purely evangelistic services mechanism. The great body of as well. An English paper in Tokio alumni of the different private uni- printed the account of the Emperor's versities resent the privileges of the birthday with a small caption and Imperial University caste and now immediately under it, with bolder that the head of one of these uni- capitals and in longer space, an acversities is Prime Minister and its count of the death of Dr. David Dean, Minister of Education, what Thompson, one of the older mismight be called educational liberalism sionaries. A few years ago it would is raIsing its hand against the not have been thought appropriate to routinism of the educational abso- overshadow with any other news a lutists who have controlled the whole reference to the Emperor's birthday school system of the nation. Many ceremonies, least of all with an' acare arguing that the traditional system count concerning a missionary, has simply bred specialized men, that the nation needs a great body of men N ever were Japanese Christians more freely educated and breathing bolder in telling their nation what it an ampler air, that there should be needs and where what it needs can more flexibility of mind and life, a be met. Dr. Uzawa, an elder in the release from the over-preCision and Church of Christ in Japan, and a bureaucracy of the past. leading lawyer of Tokio and a mem- ber of Parliament, stated in a pub- The Japanese are instinctively an lished article, "Does Japan need orderly, rule-obeying people and their Christianity?" effort at transition from a social mind in which they have been clamped to- "The main reason why Japan needs gether objectively, so to speak, by Christianity is to cast out her devils. the bonds of a highly organized There are some among us who fancy they order, to a new social crystallization have no devils to be exorcised of but they of self-directed, freely choosing in- are much mistaken. Even those who dividuals, is one of the most interest- pretend to be sinless and pure are none ing situations in racial psychology too good for Christianity. Buddhism has that can be conceived. taught us that when we think devils enter through our thoughts; when we Attitude Toward Christianity read, they enter through our mouth; when we pray, they enter through the Everywhere through Japanese life crown of the head; and thus evil spirits great changes are taking place. Among take advantage of everything we do, to these we rejoice most in the evidence get into us somehow; so that aU our deeds of the steady gain of Christianity and are more or less influenced by evil. But the altered attitude of the nation through Christianity come in the spirits toward it. Everybody notes the ease of good to defend the ego and prevent its with which Ch'ristianity can secure a defeat. hearing anywhere, in churches or "Christianity is the white corpuscle to

JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN ASIA

protect the soul's blood, and consequently is the only force capable of assisting us the whole man, from evil spiritual in- to overcome the counteracting gravita- fluences. It supplies the phagocytes be- tion of evil. Before its light and power fore which malign spirits flee. Without a the darkness and doubt of insistent religion of the right kind man is exposed pessimism disappear.

and hopelessly at odds with his environ- "If the world is to-day less pessimistic ment. Wil1 those among us, who fancy than it was, the improvement is largely they can do without religion, affirm that due to Christ. Two or three hundred we Japanese are as kind as we ought to years ago pessimism hung like a pall over be, or that we are as' thoughtful and the human spirit. The Buddhism of the serious as becomes a people with a great Kamakura period taught that this was destiny? The Buddhists of the Zen text the worst of all possible worlds, a place invite us to go to the central temple and of torment and affiiction, a veritable hell, learn to return to our true selves; but and that the only hope of happiness lay the true self in most of us is so marred beyond; the aim of life was to attain and maimed that it is hardly worth re- Buddhahood and reach Nirvana. The turning to. For most people the true spirit seems to have been world-wide, for sdf is completely gone-and only Christ Christianity, too, had to pass through the can restore it whole. same stage. Paradise was either in the "Some will say that I talk like a distant past or in the unseen future. But pleader, and that I so speak because I under the influence of Christianity the am a Christian. Well, I can hardly do human mind has so far developed and otherwise. I have been a Christian for brightened that men now look for para- twenty years, admittedly a very imper- dise on this earth, where nature is being fect one; but I owe so much to Christian- fast conquered and made to yield all the ity that I can hardly be expected to do delights that man can enjoy. It is only otherwise than plead for it. Vhen I say the irreligious that to-day have fear.

what this religion can do for a man, I They doubt whether nature is yet con- speak out of the seriousness and fulness quered.

of my own experience. "In Tokio the newspapers that tell "The Japan of to-day is absorbed by fortunes sell best. Multitudes are still abounding ambition; she is no longer con- away back in the age when nature was tent to remain an island empire; her man's master, and the earth a fearful career is to be continental and her future place to dwell in. But the spiritually en- world-wide. No such ambition can ever lightened know better. Christianity has be realized without the wise guidance taught them that heaven is' where Christ and firm faith which Christianity gives. is, and He is everywhere that man will No nation can make a universal appeal receive Him. I am convinced, therefore, without the inspiration of a universal re- that no nation can successfully enter in ligion. Those among us who imagine, world-wide hopes and ambitions without as is often asserted, that modern science the help of the Christian religion. This has eaten into the vitals of Christianity c0nviction has grown upon me more and like a canker, are greatly mistaken. more during the last twenty years, and Science has never undertaken to prove, I am extremely solicitous that my coun- nor can it prove, that Christ can not save. trymen should make no mistake about it; That man can not attain unto his best for no mistake could be more fatal either without religion is the teaching of all to the individual _or to the nation.. Both religions as well as of Christianity; but in my experience as a lawyer and as a the latter is the one power that has member of the Imperial Diet, I have been enabled men to come unto their best. It confirmed in my conviction ever more

and more. If I have been able to do more cently, arguing in behalf of a man for myself and my country than the who had committed murder and who, young men who went to school with me as the jailors recognized, had been and had the same chances in life, it has touched and changed by the influence been due to the help that Christianity has of the Gospel of Christ, boldly apgiven me. This religion has given me a pealed for the life of his client on spiritual courage that has carried me the ground that a new principle had triumphantly through many an adversity. come into his life, that he was no longer the old man who had com- "Our country is very successful at mitted the crime but had now been producing criminals and incorrigible made a new man, and he openly in youth. Why not now welcome an in- court explained to the judge the fluence that will make men? When I fundamental principle of Christianity consider all that my country has yet to and that process of redemption by do before coming to her own, I tremble which Jesus Christ, entering a man's to think of her undertaking it with her life, transforms his character and own strength. The defects of our edu- gives him a power of victory over cation and our social life are patent to sin that enables him to live by the all. We have to spend the greater part strength of God a new and pure life. of our early life obtaining an education, and then shortly after its completion we Thousands of men in Japanese retire from life's activity. Our system society who are not prepared themseems to be intended for those who ex- selves to test the Christian faith by pect to live to the age of about 125 years personal surrender and make· their and is therefore unsuitable to us, with own lives the gateway for the enthe possible exception of Count Okuma. trance of its power upon the life of Jesus Christ, in his short life of thirty- Japan are nevertheless quite candid three years, and with no university edu- in their declaration that it is this cation, did more for mankind than a power which Japan needs in the whole nation can do. Why? Simply strange days which have come upon because HiS' was the unconquerable her, wherein the old paths have faded spirit of the Divine, a spirit that every away and the old lights flickered out, man and every nation may have, if there and when the nation must find the be the will. highway of truth on which the Light of the WorId is shining. Heavy is "Nearly everything that is international the responsibility which those men and humane in modern life originated assume, whether in Japan or in Amerwith Christianity. Our hospitals, our ica, who talk of war or the possibility Red Cross societies, our international of war in an hour like this when the jurisprudence, our rescue work among whole mind and heart of the nation the poor and unfortunate, our education, need to be fixt upon the deep, spiritual and the general enlightenment of the problems of her own life and her world, all is but a combined reflection of great duty as the friend and helper the life of Jesus Christ. Through Him of her neighboring peoples. alone have we any hope of creating a paradise on earth, and making ourselves a people of permanence and great national destiny."

This is the same lawyer who re-

Gray In

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Auhor of "Mohammed or Christ," etc., etc.

N his book, "Thinking those in his Epistle to the Corinthians; "The things which the Gentiles sacrimI Black," Dan Crawford fice they sacrifice to demons and not has introduced us to to God, and I would not that ye should . the psychology of the have communion with demons." black man so as to give us a new angle of John was the Apostle of love and vision. The primitive mind seems, na- yet it was he who wrote in regard to turally, to think in black and white the Gospel message: "If anyone comrather than in gray. Perhaps our eth unto you and bringeth not this modern civilization has made us lose teaching, receive him not into your the power of sharp distinctions in the house and give him no greeting, for he world of thought. We are told that that giveth him greeting partaketh in one of the results of the war will be his evil works." Such intolerance is to teach men everywhere to think less impossible to those who think in terms superficially and more conclusively on of gray. moral questions. J ames does not hesitate to class the There is always a tendency to com- devils with those who deny the Deity promise in morals, and the same ten- of Christ (2 :19). And Jude speaks dency is evident in regard to the work of the false teachers in his day as of evangelization. God divided the "autumn trees without fruit, twice light from the darkness, not only in dead, plucked up by the roots . the world of nature but in the world wandering stars for whom the blackof grace. "This, then, is the mes- ness of darkness hath been reserved sage," says John, "which we have forever." heard of Him and declare unto you, that God is light and in Him is no More Positive Religion darkness at all. If we say we have fellowship with Him and walk in dark- Vhat we need to-day in missions is ness, we lie and do not the truth." less comparative religion and more The attitude of the apostles toward positive religion. It is possible to the non-Christian religions is not ex- dwell upon the tolerable things in prest in gray or twilight shades. Hinduism and the noble things in Is- There are no blurred edges to their lam even as one sifts out grains of convictions. "Sharp as a sickle is the gold from tons of earth, to the pracedge of shade and shine" in their tical exclusion of the social evils, the teachings. spiritual darkness and the spiritual death which dominate these systems. Straight Talk This was not the method of the Apostles. A recent writer in the In- What Paul thinks of idolatry is dian T¥itness put the fact in very forclear, not only from the first chapter cible language: "The wise general does of Romans, but from such words as not carefully search out the strong

spots in the fortress of his antagonist abandoning their traditions and the and then spend his time illuminating Koran in public and private discussion them with his searchlights. He finds and are appealing to the Scriptures. the weak spots and dwells on them Their appeal is often based on the inwith his heavy artillery. Let some of terpretation of those who think in our sages who are scholastic rather gray. A recent paragraph on the subthan practical prepare a list of the ject of Christ's Deity that appeared in things vitally antagonistic to Christian an Indian Moslem magazine, copied truth, then the men who are practical the arguments of modern Unitarians. rather than scholastic will be able to avoid scattering an ineffective effort An Arabic book published at Beirut and to concentrate on those things the three years ago is entitled "Heathen destruction of which by their fall will Doctrines in the Christian Religion." cause the fall of false faiths." It is by a Moslem who fancies that he has proved Christianity false by ap- To us who work among Moslems pealing to European critics of the detheir denial of Jesus Christ's mission, structive school. In Cairo the Moslem His Incarnation, His Atonement, His press quotes Unitarian interpretation Deity, are the very issues of the con- of New Testament doctrine as proof Bict. Almost spontaneously, there- against the New Testament Christ. fore, what might have been mere theo- The Christian who has no convictions logical dogma in the mind of the mis- in regard to the great fundamentals of sionary turns into a deep spiritual con- Christianity is easily led to treat Isviction, a logical necessity and a great lam as a sister religion and all Mospassion. Face to face with those who lems as seekers after God in their own deny our Savior and practically defy way. If there is no real distinction Mohammed, one is compelled to think between creation and evolution, if in black and white. The challenge of there was no miracle at Bethlehem the Muezzin is a cry of pain; it hurts. and only a martyrdom on Calvary, we In the silence of the night one can not may patiently await the future develhelp thinking that it pleased the Father opment of Islam on the right lines. that in J eSllS Christ should all fulness In that case the missionary is no dwell, not in Mohammed. Face to longer a proclaimer of the truth but face with Islam one can not help ask- a seeker after truth. He is no longer ing what will be the final outcome of an architect and builder but a geolo- Christian Unitarianism. In the history gist looking for fossil specimens in old of Islam its monotheism has always strata to complete his collection of degenerated into some form of panthe- things once alive but now dead. ism or deism. "The great obstacle," writes an ex- When Moslems assert that the Gos- perienced misionary from India, "in pel is corrupted and untrustworthy, the way of the success of the Gospel the missionary can find no help in de- in non-Christian lands is not the atstructive criticism. One wonder~ titude of the people or the inherent whether the great conflict between Is- difficulties of the work but the tenlam and Christianity will not have to dency on the part of missionaries to be fought out between the covers of be judges instead of advocates, with a the Bible. They themselves are desire to hold the balances of truth

SELF-EXILED IN

rather than wield its sword." There different explanations; that the healcan be no neutrality in a war for the ing of the sick was faith-healing, the Kingdom which has no frontiers. stilling of the storm, coincidence, the feeding of the five thousand a mis- The effect of thinking in gray is in- represented sacrament, the withering evitable on the messenger as welI as of the fig tree a misrepresented paraon his message. Twilight life is not ble, the raising of Lazarus a case of conducive to spiritual health. Ve premature burial, and so on." need the full blaze of the light of the glory of God in the face of Jesus A mutilated Gospel can only mean Christ. His authority must be su·· a mutilated spiritual life. When we preme in the intellectual sphere. His walk in the light we do not mix colors. belief of the Old Testament scriptures There is a noble intolerance in the and His statement that "they can not very words used so often by the be broken" leaves only one alternative; Apostle John: light-darkness, truth if we reject them, we reject Him also. -lie, life-death, God-devil. The It is not hard to accept the miracles of effect of thinking in gray always leads the Old and New Testament if we to compromise, and where there is accept- the miracle in the first chapter compromise there is indecision. Men of Genesis and the greater miracle in have opinions instead of convictions; the first chapter of John's Gospel. As they join Erasmus in his study rather R. L. Knox says in his brilliant book than Luther nailing his theses to the Some Loose Stones: door of the cathedral. But Luther would have made a better foreign "Orthodox theology explains all the missionary than Erasmus, especially in miracles recorded of our Savior under these days when so many in the one single hypothesis that He was Christian and non-Christian world are omnipotent God. But the enemy of thinking in gray. miracle is forced to give a variety of Self-Exiled In America SOMETHING ABOUT THE HINDUS IN CALIFORNIA BY MISS LEE M'CRAE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA ~I T was rather startling seemed strangely out of place in the to have five black- new world. bearded Hindus on bi- cycles speed past the Between twenty and thirty of them door of our home ill live on the outskirts of the town, and the little inland. college about twice that number live in the town in the lower left-hand corner Los Angeles Hindu colony, and as of the United States. Their old- many more in and around Sacraworld, white, black, pink and yellow mento. tt1rbans flashing in the California sun Big, black "birds of passage" are they! No more may come to the

United States from India under the and an iron disc of peculiar signifi- present laws. These have come solely cance, which is stuck into their coil of for the two dollars a day that they hair.

can earn instead of the sixteen cents N egative-"N0 smoking; do not a day in India. As soon as each has murder; avoid bald-headed men; accumulated his fortune of a thou- avoid the circumcised; have nothing sand dollars he will return to his wife to do with idols"-except the sacred and children, to live at ease for the Granth, which is decorated and WOf- rest of his days. Only one of those shiped.

located in our town claims to be a When asked about their faith they Christian. One has his wife with reply that they believe "whateyer is him, and he alone can speak English recorded in the Granth"-their Bible, with any accuracy. Therefore, they written by Govind, the tenth guru Of must dwell in colonies or wage-earn- leader. As the "Granth" is written ing groups. Two have leased a tract in old Hindi, one who does not un- of land here and are making good derstand it is as much at sea as ever.

progress in cultivating the soil. They do not wish to give information.

These people show their fear of The positive commands are evi- Christian influence by their suspicion dently designed to keep them a pecu- and protests against every kindness liar people. Their hair, never cut, from Americans. This· often amounts often reaches the knee in length and to base ingratitude. Christians have makes a heavy coil about which to repeatedly offered them schooling, but wrap the distinctive cloth. Yellow they have no wish to learn English and white are the religious colors and -save enough words to do business are most commonly worn, but black -and will have none of the English or any color is admissible. An Ameri- Bible. can hat signifies a total rejection of In spite of this, a meeting is held the Sikh religion.

for them every Sunday afternoon in Every Sikh is also bitterly opposed the Congregational Church, where to the use of tobacco in any form, tho Dr. A. B. Caldwell, a returned mis- they are about equally divided on the sionary from India, preaches in their liquor question.

own tongue to those who will come As wage-earners in orchards, gar- and listen. Sometimes he has an au- dens and houses the Sikhs seem to dience of five, occasionally eight, and give entire satisfaction here, being at other times none at all. Many industrious, skilful, not dissipated, come for advice and help in letter- and, necessarily, quiet.

writing, legal matters, and the like, It seems strange to walk the streets so that the Doctor makes the most of of America and to meet these stran- his opportunity and has acquired gers eye to eye and realize that a gre:l~ some influence over them. curtain of superstition has shrouded The Hindu Sikhs hold tenaciously their needy, lonely lives from Gospel to five positive and five negative sunlight. They move among us with tenets: eyes and ears and tongues and hearts, Positive-Adherence to long hair, yet they neither see nor speak nor a bangle, a comb, short pantaloons, hear nor feel the joy of it all.

for Speakers and

GLEANINGS FROM THE LAYMEN'S CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON Make the demands of the Gospel How One Pastor Does It difficult and you make Christianity triumphant.-fohn R. M ott. I. Preaches missions persistently. 2. Enlists key men and keeps them *** alive. 3. Undertakes large things chal- Why should not men go into the lenging the support of men. business of Christ and the Church 4. Secures good live missionaries as with the same interest in spiritual speakers. profits as they go into the lumber or 5. Forms mission study classes. banking or other business. -George 6. Prays persistently and intelli- Inness. gently. 7. Prints letters from mission- *** aries in the bulletin. 8. Keeps at work continuously. Has not the church of Christ as compelling an appeal as that which Chas. A. Rowland. calls millions of men to the colors in Europe-(1) a great cause; (2) a *** compelling appeal; (3) an example of sacrifice; (4) an unquenchable faith A Ten Point Standard in the justice of that for which they are contending.-N. W. Rowell. The Northern Baptists have adopted a ten point missionary stand- *** ard for local churches : A man may live one of three types 1. A church missionary committee. of life. (1) an evil, selfish life; (2) 2. Presentation of missions from a Christian life for normal times; or the pUlpit. (3) a Christian life for times of 3. Mission study classes organized. emergency. Christ lived the third 4. Missionary prayer meeting for kind of a life.-S. D. Gordon. the Church. S. Missionary literature distributed. *** 6. Women's missionary organiza- tion. The trouble with much of our missionary work is that we are relying 7. Missionary education in the Suntoo much on money and men, on the forces of the world and the wisdom day-school. of the world and do not rely enough 8. Intelligent prayer for missions. on God.-Robert E. Speer. 9. Local missionary service. TO. The every member canvas. *** fohn M. Moore.

We need to establish chairs of *** Christianity in our colleges and we need a medical college in which no The Southern Presbyterian Church professor will be allowed to teach who publishes a roll of honor of churches is not a Christian and fitted to train giving as much for others as they medical missionaries.-f. Campbell spend on themselves-Chas. A. Row- White. land.

an American Saw In Asia*

BY WILLARD PRICE Managing Editor of the World Oullook.

I saw a million handkerchiefless children. I saw hundreds of villages in which the community handkerchief, modern sanitation, was absolutely unknown. I saw glittering Oriental cities, the pride of the East, and under the shining lacquer and gold paint I saw suffering and filth and want such as no man can describe. I saw rotting bodies, empty minds, naked souls. I saw Disease, stalking up alleys, wading ankle-deep through garbage to enter the doors of the people. I saw, in one land, the stains of parental vice on the skin of two out of five of the children. I saw a mother selling her babies that their older brothers might not die of starvation. I saw pallid factory girls of twelve and even ten years of age, who worked thirteen hours a day, seven days a week, standing constantly while at work, and received a pittance of a third of a cent per hour. This, moreover, in a mill advertised a's the "model factory of the Orient!" I saw things which I have not the heart to set down and you would not have the heart to read. I saw life in its lowest terms.

AND YET- I saw love in its highest terms. I saw Christ yearning over Asia. I saw the response of Korea to that yearning. A nation turning to Christianity at the rate of three thousand conversions a week! I saw the dawning of a new China, not in the political kaleidoscope, but in the spiritual changes which have led to the abolishment of opium, have brought six thousand of China's strongest leaders to accept Christ, and induced idol-makers to turn to the making of busts for show windows because their old business has proved unprofitable. I saw a three-hundred-year-old statue of Buddha, and almost in its lap an impertinent three-year-old automatic telephone booth. The ancient religions . of the East are being found wanting and cast aside. I saw the mission schools from which the Chinese Government has selected the first ten girls to be sent to American colleges under the Boxer Indemnity Fund. They were the best-equipped ten that could be found in China. All were graduates of mission schools; all were Christians. I saw hundreds of closed shops on Sunday. Neighboring them I saw hundreds' of open shops, consuming all the Sunday business. Every closed store was owned by a Christian-not a "rice Christian," but a real Christian, whose pocket had no rule over his conscience. I saw a beaten man board our ship at Wuhu and heard him teII of the crushing overburden of medical work that had kilIed his predecessor and was killing him. I saw everywhere undermanned hospitals, undermanned schools, under- manned churches; a missionary force powerful in quality, petty in quantity. I saw Asia, sore, ragged and dulI, with her foot on the threshold of the house of Christ, hoping for an invitation to enter. I saw, upon returning to America, a rich and happy nation, eager and generous to a fault, but unthinking, storming the movie theater, swallowing the lump in their throat for pity of the ragged child in the play–while Asia waits .

• Adapted and abridged from the World Outlook for JU11e

Movements

– Students in China * BY W. E. TAYLOR, PH.D. National Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association HE year 1914 marked a to the Christian cause. The provincemT step forward in the ex- tension of the evangelis- wide effort showed conclusively that a tic student movement province could be reached as effectively from the large cities out as a city, provided the Christian forceS' unite and plan wisely. In Foochow as a . • through the smaller citieS' result of the meetings a permanent for- of a province. The new development was ward evangelistic movement committee limited to the one province of Fukien in has been appointed to represent the united order to make the work typical and thor- missions and Chinese churches in aggres- ough. Fukien was chosen, with its dense sive evangelistic effort to reach and hold population of thirty million, because of the student classes. A three-year pro- its proportionately large Christian popu- gram has been adopted, covering the lation, its preparedness in city experience three lines of evangelism, cultivation of .in its· capital of Foochow, its strong atti- Christian friendship, and social service.

tude of united effort-the three missions Secretaries have been appointed by each of the province working together in full- mission who have released their best men est harmony, and its farsighted and gen- to give their whole time to the study and erouS' provision of local and provincial direction of this work. The movement supervision. All of these were consid- thuS' gives promise of becoming continu- ered to be conditions essential to the se- ous and permanent.

curing of large and permanent results. A The first results of the meetings con- notable and encouraging feature of the ducted through China in 1914 have been provincial movement was the fact that gratifying to a very high degree.. They the four student evangelistic leaders give promise of large and permanent chosen to lead the meetings in the ten fruitage, provided the early efforts are secondary cItIes of the province were not allowed to be dissipated. Over 20,000 Chinese, men of recognized outstanding students from non-Christian schools and personality and Christian leadership. colleges exprest their willingness to These included Mr. C. T. Wang, former become "investigators" of Christianity.

vice-president of the first Republican Twelve thousand have been enrolled in Senate, now general secretary of the Bible classes. Those who signed cards Young Men's Christian Association were not "inquirers" in the ordinary ac- movement in China; Pastor Ding Li-mei, cepted sense of the word, since the hear- the founder and leader of the Student ers had had little or no previous exposure Volunteer movement in China, and to Christian truth. They exprest their others. These men, well and favorably willingness "to investigate Christianity known to students throughout China, with open mind and honest heart." The presented a powerful message in a way sincerity of their promise is shown by in which no foreigner could. The finding, the fact that a large proportion ultimately using and training of strong Chinese joined the Bible classes. Provision was evangelists is one of the great contribu- made for more advanced decision after tions which the new movement is making members of classes had been under in- * From The Student World.

struction for an extended period of from year in this one city 530 of the members three to six months, in order to give the of classes have exprest their decision to more serious-minded an opportunity to become Christians and their desire to decide to begin to follow Jesus Christ. attend the churches. These men are lit- Where the classes were efficiently and erally standing at the church doors. The faithfully conducted the results have been first and later results of the meetings sllrprizingly large. In the city of Hang- have clearly shown that the student field chow over five hundred students were en- of China is ripe for harvest. The unrolled in Bible classes following the limited opportunities offered by the open meetings. At the end of six months a and responsive attitude of the more seridecision meeting was held, led by Mr. ous-minded of the student classes is offset C. T. Wang. One hundred sixty-one by the admitted unpreparedness of many students exprest their purpose to begin of the churches. The serious and pressthe Christian life. One hundred twenty- ing problem now facing the movement is three of these came from thirteen non- not so much how to reach the non-Chris- Christian government schools and col- tian student classes. The important and leges and ten others who made the Chris- critical question is how can the churches tian decision were teachers in the govern- be got ready so as to hold and teach and ment institutions. Encouraged by the train and use these new, large, potential forces for good and leadership now response and results of the decision within her reach. The movement has meeting, a Christianity Discussion Club revealed that, along with extensive outwas formed by leading Chinese, including reach, there must be coordinated the inthe Commissioner of Foreign Affairs tensive preparation of the churches and from the Governor's yamen. He had the training of the Christian forces. made Christian decision at the meetings conducted by Mr. Eddy. The club was In spite of the revealed unpreparedness organized with a view to reaching offi- and weakness of the churches, distinct cials' and principals and teachers of non- progress has been made in some centers Christian schools. This club meets, about in placing the first responsibility for the forty in number, twice a month for an care of the student inquirers upon the hour of Bible study and discussion. It is churches, where it properly belongs, noteworthy that this influential group of rather than upon the committee formed non-Christian seekers after the truth to originate the movement. In the earlier have invited Professor Zia Hung-Iai, the years of the movement the Bible classes well-known Christian writer and transla- for signers of cards were held mostly tor, to lead the discussions of the club, outside the churches. This was done and have constituted the local pastors as partly because of possible lack of underhonorary members. standing and prejudice of the non-Chris- tian students and partly because pastors The ability to hold and conserve the and laymen were inexperienced and emearly results of the meetings is evidenced barrassed in Christian work with the new by the experience of the Christian committee in Foochow in their remarkable student classes. In the last series of success and progress in enrolling students meetings the policy was accepted of havin Bible classes and later leading them ing the signers of cards join c1ass'es imon to Christian decision. In the meetings mediately after the meetings within the held in Foochow in 1913 20 per cent. various churches. In some cases indiof those who signed cards at the evan- vidual churches failed in their responsigelistic meetings were enrolled in Bible bilities. The aggregate gain, however, classes. After the meetings of 1914 60 in getting the non-Christian students imper cent. were enrolled. During the past mediately into touch with the churches

EVANGELISTIC MOVEMENTS AMONG STUDENTS IN CHINA

and the acceptance by the pastors of re- are especially so at this time in China sponsibility for their care has marked a to influences which come to them with distinct advance. the weight and authority of Western scholarship, either real or fancied, be- Some of the direct and most immediate cause the "old learning" of China has results of the meetings and the movement been so seriously discredited. have already been indicated. The im- portance of these should not be disre- There is a notable lack of opposition garded or underestimated. It is nothing to Christianity among students in China less than marvelous that to-day, after a at the present time. Confucianism is still decade of special effort, hundreds of gov- asleep. Buddhism has little hold on the ernment students in China are baptized, educated classes. Taoism is still more with many more literally standing at the disorganized. This leaves the field for doors of the Church, and thousands are the moment practically free from all opgrouped together in Bible classes open posing elements such as are able to offer to Christian influence, where it is given any organized resistance to Christianity. in the spirit of genuine friendship and But Confucianism, Buddhism, and even helpfulness. This actual and visible Taoism, are not likely to remain permaachievement of reaching the hitherto un- nently inactive. There are already signs reached classes, the traditional Gibraltar of their being galvanized into action by of the Far East, is' nothing less than one contact with the vigorous forces which of the greatest of modern miracles. now confront them. It is not unlikely that the government, from national and There are indirect results as well which patriotic motives, will espouse one or are vast and far-reaching. The success more of these weaker religions, possiof the movement must not be judged only bly through the government educational by the number of men gathered into the system, which now offers its unhindered Church. There are other results, not at approach to Christianity. It is not imfirst visible or tangible, which are, never- probable that a decade from now it will theless, real and significant. One of the by a restrictive system of requirement chief of these is the fact that the move- exclude the Christian religion if possible ment has created a new atmosphere, and from all influence over students in govopened a new field of thought among ernment schools. It will thus follow the the educated non-Christian classes. The early example of Japan's policy toward Christian addresses of the student leaders missionary education in Korea, explainboth in China and from abroad have pre- ing pointedly their determination to carry sented the Christian truths in a striking out their plans as to education withway and have appealed to the student out foreign interference or ass'istance. mind and conscience. They have demonstrated once more the power of the Gos- The Chinese student stands to-day in pel to draw men to Christ. The move- a perilous moral condition. The weakment has promoted a more careful study ening of the old-time methods of reof the Chinese student mind and environ- straint, together with the grasping after ment. It has become increasingly clear a lot of unassimilated and misunderstood that knowledge of these conditions is es- Western ideas, and the attempt to put sential to effective effort directed to influ- some of these into practise, is exposing encing permanently the thought and life the young men, and student classes espeof these classes. Foremost among the cially, to new and great perils. The closcharacteristics of the Chinese student is ing of schools on Sunday, following the the evident impressionability of the pres- Wesrern practise without the correspondent generation. Impressionable as are ing motive or objective, tends to leave students of all countries generally, they idle a large body of students, so that

their fall into sin becomes more easy. classes, who have been imprest with the The closer study and better understand- splendid spectacle of a united and uning of the Chinese student mind and en- broken Christian movement. This unity vironment has its obvious and important has not been nominal or mechanical; it lessons to the leaders of the Christian has been vital. movement designed to reach and hold these classes. The feeling of doubt about Bible study has been found to be the their own religious position has brought most fruitful center of evang~listic effort, about an open-mindedness on the subject and the most fruitful source in leading of Christianity that forces Christian lead- men to ultimate Christian decision. The ers, both in China and at home, to take ordinary Bible classes with regular immediate steps to grasp adequately what courses have not been found sufficient may be a passing opportunity. The fact for this purpose. Bible study with a that Chinese educationalists are already definite evangelistic objective has been forging ahead in the establishment of promoted. Special courses of study have schools and the publication of text-books been selected and prepared. Bible trainin which religion is left out challenges ing schools have been held in various Christian leaders to take immediate steps sections of the country. Individual Bible to offset the lack 0 f moral training that schools in a city have been coordinated will necessarily result. There is a real to form a city-wide Bible study moveand urgent demand for specialists to come ment. The secret of the rapid growth to China to assist directly and indirectly and assimilation by the churches of the in the formation of new moral ideals and new movement is due largely to the emreligious aspirations among Chinese stu- phasis which has been placed on the dents. Innumerable opportunities now study of the Bible. offer themselves to groups of young students in government schools waiting for Prayer is revealing a new meaning to the friendship and counsel of a true many and is another sign of far-reachfriend who will help them in the solution ing significance. Success or failure will of their moral and religious problems. depend finally on whether the Church is a praying Church. intercession has been The movement has shown the feasibil- found indispensable and powerful in acity, the practicability and the necessity complishing results that were humanly of genuine Christian unity in evangelis- speaking impossible. Through prayer tic work in a new country which will combined with hard work miracles have be wide enough to include all classes. been periormeJ in China. The work There has been in China in the progress accomplished in the larger cities during of the evangelistic movement to reach the past decade has given birth to other students a distinct development of the movements in many ways and in various cooperative spirit. There has been a places. "Pu-tao" (the Chinese word for closer working relationship between ec- evangelism) is the topic of the time clesiastical families. There has been a among all classes. China is ready. The drawing together of Chinese and foreign Church in China is awakened, aroused workers. Pastors and laity have united to her opportunity, unprepared but willwith a common purpose. A real and ing to go forward. Missions are sympadeepening Christian unity has found ex- thetic but handicapped by the lack of pression in facing a common problem of suitable evangelistic workers. The situaextraordinary magnitude. This new tion in China should constitute a call to sense of unity has been an inspiration student volunteers and other candidates to the Church. It has also had apologetic who are ready to respond to the great, value affecting the non-Christian student open opportunity to reach the coming leaders of a mighty people.

DEDADTMENT

OF '

BEST METHODS ' ,CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK BEST METHODS FROM MANY MISSIONARY WORKERS HE number of Christian A Mid-summer Missionary Pilgrimage fTl workers in the home- In a letter to auxiliaries sent ant in land who give time aud April, 1915, Miss Julia C. Emery. sec- retary of the Woman's Auxiliary to the strength and money to Board of Missions of the Protestant _ the cause of missions is . constantly on the in- Episcopal Church, asked that wherever crease. These workers are not con- possible missionary garden parties be fined to anyone country nor to anyone held at summer resorts. In response to denomination and are found in the small this, the Woman's Auxiliary of the Dio- rural congregations no less' than in the cese of North Carolina held an out-of- great city churches, Their number is doors meeting in August which, tho not legion and they are doing everything that a garden party, was so profitable and so consecrated ingenuity can suggest to ad- enjoyable that it might well serve as a vance the cause of Christ. model for similar gatherings in other A vision of this great multitude of parts of the country. At our request workers with their hands on the ropes Miss Claudia IN. Hunter of Henderson, (to borrow Carey's metaphor) is the North Carolina, has sent us an account best possible antidote for discouragement. of it.

Working away in our own small corners, "Last summer, when Miss Emery asked often against almost insurmountable ob- each diocese to arrange for garden par- stacles in the way of ignorance, indiffer- ties at summer resorts, we in the Diocese ence, and opposition, we are apt to forget of North Carolina wondered what we that ours is but one small division of the could do, as we have neither seacoast whole vast army working for God, What nor mountains," she says. "However, the knowledge of the 7,000 who had not we held two very successful out-of-door bowed the knee to Baal was to Elijah at meetings, one of ~ch was at ViIliams- Carmel, a vision of these great hosts boro, the first 'See City' in the state, but should be to us. now an almost deserted village. St.

Through the large number of mission- John's, the oldest church building in the ary magazines and letters from mission- diocese, is here, and the old house where ary workers that come to our desk we the first Bishop of North Carolina re- get inspiring glimpses of these hosts sided. So it was really a pilgrimage to at work for missions. In April we an historic place.

shared with our readers some of the best "Over one hundred and fifty men, things in the magazines. This month we women and children came, enjoyed a de- give some of the tried and tested meth- licious and bountiful picnic dinner, met ods that have come in letters. old and ncw fricnds, and disctlst the

great missionary enterprise. Eight of agreed to make it an annual occasion, and the nine Branches within a radius of people from all over this part of the fifty miles were represented, and people state who have some association with the came in buggies, carriages and automo- old church and village have exprest a biles from four counties and over the desire to be present." Virginia line. Playing at Missions "At eleven o'clock the company assem- bled in the old church and the Rev. Lewis Playing at missions-not in the way N. Taylor of Stovall and Townesville, condemned by Doctor Duff-is a fine held a short devotional service with spe- method of work with children. It is cial prayer that the members of the built on solid pedagogical principles and Woman's Auxiliary, being taught to pray, has often produced good results. After might pray prevailingly for the coming Pliny Fisk went as a missionary to the of the Kingdom; that in the Branches Holy Land, his little niece Fidelia began represented, young men and women to play that she, too, was a missionary might listen to the call to the mission passing through experiences similar to field; and that not one cent of the $400,- those described in his letters. This un- 000 emergency fund might be lacking in doubtedly helped to confirm the impulse the Lord's storehouse when the end of planted in her heart by his going, and to the month should come. Four brief ad- make her the great missionary she be- dresses on missionary topics followed, came in after years. and at twelve o'clock Mrs. T. W. Bickett, of Louisburg, led the noonday prayer. Not long ago we had the privilege of reading a quaint little letter written to "At one o'clock dinner was served out- the secretary of a woman's board by a of-doors. After this, all walked through shut-in, "seventy or 5'0 years young," who the village, past the old home of the first has been unable to walk for the past Bishop and on to a mighty oak by the eight years. Believing that it will help wayside, where a simple missionary play many mothers, we have secured the per- –'St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo'-written mission of the writer to print it on condi- for the occasion, was presented by a tion that we do not reveal her identity. group of Juniors. It was most pictur- esque and realistic with 'Doctor Rudolph "You ask what I know about mission- Teusler' (a splendid six-foot, sixteen- ary garden parties," the letter says. tel year-old boy) in regular surgeon's uni- don't know anything about the modern form; 'Anaki San' in regulation nurse's kind. I used to have them years ago, just garb, and Bible women and patients in to get the children and young girls to- gay-colored Japanese kimonas. At the gether on our beautiful 'Shorelands' (we close there was a strong appeal to the had forty acres) and because we could Juniors of North Carolina to raise funds be more comfortable than in a house. for the Children's Ward at St. Luke's. "I really believe those parties of mine "At three o'clock the Rev. L. N. Taylor were the magnet that draw 'Our Girls' again led the prayers in the church, read- and my 'Little Missionaries.' It was a ing most impressively from the Chancel queer idea, I suppose, but different parts Bishop Lloyd's 'Ideal' for the Woman's of the grounds were supposed to be dif- Auxiliary and dismissing the company ferent countries, which we visited and with the blessing Bishop Lloyd used at helped according to our ability. In ,the close of the triennial me~ting, 'God Africa we were without food, excepting bless you; God keep you; God use you!' as we found things that looked inviting. My good old Ellen would hide tempting "The day had been so profitable and slices of bread and butter in the trees, so pleasant that it was unanimously and we discovered bread fruit and were

DEPARfMENT OF BEST METHODS

kept from starving. A creek ran through the house and cut out s'ufficient work for the grounds and a good missionary us to begin on. I had thought we might landed on our shores and taught us. I meet once a month, but no-once a week really think my boys and girls learned a was what they wanted. good deal in this rural way. "Names were suggested, such as Busy "I wonder if I could have held them Bees, Helping Hand, etc., but I said together in as loving a way if I had man- let's call our little society simply 'Our aged with red tape. I doubt it. One of Girls.' The day before I left that old my girls (now a grandmother) says I home on a Thursday in June, we celetaught her all she knew about the brated our twentieth anniversary and Church. And one of my boys, who now had never omitted a meeting except occupies a prominent position, wrote me Christmas week in all those years. We a little time ago that he could never for- had organized on June 26, 1880, and get all I had taught him. I am telling on the 26th of last June, our thirty-fifth you thiS', dear friend, because I am sure anniversary, 'Our Girls' sent me $35 for my homely way did bring results, and the room that bears my name in a famous now I am so crippled, I am glad that I missionary hospital in the Orient. Do have not lived in vain. I am not writing you wonder that I love them? in a boasting way. It seems to me that if I had health and strength and those "One day, when we had been at work forty acres of beautiful woodland, I some time, one of them said to me, might be able to have real missionary 'Mrs. –, why didn't you begin with garden parties. I only wish I could have us long ago?' This led me to see what I done more, but that time is all past." could do with the younger children. So the following Sunday I asked the little The boys and girls thus trained did ones in my infant class how many would more than play at missions-they worked meet me on Saturday morning and help hard, too. In response to our request for me dress dolls for a Christmas tree? more information we have received the Every hand went up. Of course, I did following letter, which can hardly fail not place much weight upon such a promto be an inspiration to workers with chil- ise, and I thought as I already had 'Our dren. The opportunity for primary Girls' I would calI these younger ones teachers herein revealed is so great that 'Little Women.' On Saturday morning we wish it might be calkd to the atten- there were 93 children to meet me, 46 tion of many: of them boys! This stopt the name I had chosen, so they became my 'Little "For years I had a fine Sunday-school Missionaries.' Those two societies really class (the infants) and taught them as were the beginning of our Junior Auxil- I pleased. One day as I came from iary. My, how I did love them, and how church I met two girls who had been in I do love them! my infant class, but had gone to another church. I questioned them and found "Before the end of the second year they had gone there because there was my Little Missionaries had sent out six nothing for them to do in our church. boxes and were at work on supplies for This made me think, and on Thursday of a missionary hospital-boys as well as that same week I gathered ten girls at my girls hemming sheets and sewing up the home and interested them in missions. seams of pillow cases. I remember that I I had once met a worker from the South offered a prize of a silver thimble to the and remembered how she was struggling best sewer, and a boy won it! It was to support and care for a colored hospi- given to his mother and proved to be tal in her home town. I had some cotton the only silver thimble she had ever flannel and some unbleached muslin in owned. That boy is now a B.A., and

a professor of mathematics in a school. beside a river known to the salmon. 'The "I never lost my boys. I had a junior White Man of Uganda' went with her, and when the cook was wanting some- St. Andrew's Brotherhood, and from that thing to read this was given him. 'He they went into the real Brotherhood." was a brave man,' was' his quiet remark when he handed it back. Providing for Sunday "This sister took her missionary spirit Providing Sunday occupation for the with her. Finding neither Sunday- school nor Sunday service of any children when packing one's trunk for a kind in the nearby settlement, she 'did her bit.' The three ladies in camp, a summer outing is a method of the very Methodist, a Presbyterian, and a Church of England, called on the most possible best sort. Some suggestions along this leader (formerly a Baptist) and secured her promise to be superintendent. The line have come to us in a letter from next Sunday a small Sunday-school was organized in the station house. This Miss Minnie M. Bell, of Halifax, Nova grew into a school of about thirty before camp broke, and this season when the Scotia, secretary of the supply commit- salmon run we shall hear whether it is still in existence. In the meantime books tee of the Nova Scotia and Newfound- and papers have been sent by those interested." land Branch of the Women's Missionary A Missionary Demonstration Day Society of the Canadian Methodist A year or so ago a Missionary Demon- Church. stration Day was held in Zion Lutheran Church, Williamsport, Maryland, which "The game, 'Who's Who in Missions' enlisted all the missionary organizations of the church, seven in number, the obalways goes in my trunk when we are ject being not only to present the work of the organizations', but to arouse interoff for a holiday," says Miss Bell. "For est among the country members of the congregation. The program was in two several years my sister and I spent our sections-one for the afternoon, the other for the evening, with a box lunch summer outings with a friend-the and social in between. We are indebted to Mrs. D. U. Bair, who was largely mother of two children-and during instrumental'in planning the demonstra- tion, for an account of it. those years these children developed The class rooms of the Sunday-school into young manhood and womanhood. room were used as booths by the various organizations, their circular arrangement As our party was congenial, we always making them especially adapted to this purpose. In the center of each booth tried to find some out-of-the-way spot, there was a table with literature for' free distribution, and on the walls were motaway from the beaten track. toes and banners with statistics strikingly portrayed. Over the entrance to each "From the first we endeavored to there was a placard with the name of the make the Sabbath days as interesting as possible and tried to keep the Fourth Commandment. So we were always on the outlook for Sunday games. The first year we had 'Who's Who'-1912; we played it by distributing the cards, and after reading what was underneath we would cover the printed matter and hold the picture up. The one who guessed correctly secured the card.

"In the winter of 1912-13 the game went with us on a trip to the West Indies. In Bermuda we boarded in a house where there was a large family.

On leaving, we gave our game to the daughter and hope that through it some seeds were sown in the many Dannies of the house. .

"Another sister of mine went last sum- mer to the unbeaten paths of New Bruns- wick, where her husband has a camp

16] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

organization and the date of its origin. The women were followed by workers These were as' follows: from each organization in turn bearing Woman's Home and Foreign Mission- placardS' with statistics, which they hung ary Society-1875. in their respective hooths. These statis- tics, so strikingly displayed, made a deep Young People's Missionary Society- impression. They were very instructive; 1881. and so arranged as to make a distinct personal appeal. The Cradle Roll pla- Mission Band-1891. card, carried by a mere baby, read: Cradle Roll-1897. Home Department-1903. Helpers' Circle-1905. Mission Study Club-1907.

The program opened with "From WE WILL HELP SOME Greenland's Icy Mountains," played on DAY the organ, while an unseen person recited the hymn with fine effect. Then 3,836 Cradle Roll Babies came a processional of workers, who General Synod, took their places in the different booths, Lutheran Church the organ meanwhile continuing the The program proper began in the hymn. The processional was led by a woman's booth by the president, who set boy bearing this placard, which he hung forth the object of Demonstration Day. in the woman's booth: Then there was a bright little dialog, HELP "How the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society Won the Young La- the 144,000,000 Women of dies," by the Young People's Society; an India effective little play, "Tired of Missions,"

After this came women at intervals by the Mission Band; and a chapter from bearing the following placards, which a book showing how babies in all lands were als'O hung in the woman's booth: were drest and bathed and cared for, by the Cradle Roll.

WE ARE HELPING During the supper hour which fol- 724 Woman's Societies lowed, the ladies, by previous appoint- ment, kept the conversation largely on in the the subject of missions. The placards General Synod placed in the lunch room by the Home Department helped greatly in this.

WE ARE HELPING In the evening there was a stereopticon 24,944 Members lecture on the work of the summer in the schools and assemblies, given by the General Synod Helpers' Circle through their leader, and a very effective missionary service, enti- WE ARE HELPING tled, "A Vision," with music, tableaux 24 Women and readings, presented by the Mission in Study Club.

Zion Lutheran Church Owing to the weather, the attendance was far below what had been hoped for.

"It was cold and snowed and rained by 131 WOMEN turns," says Mrs. BaiL "There was in Zion Lutheran Church slush underfoot, as well as overhead, ARE NOT HELPING and people from the country could not . come in. But some noble purposes were Are you IN or OUT? born that day. For instance-three

grammar school girls have repeatedly de- N. Y., sent us by Miss Margaret Wright, clared that they will be missionaries shows some unusual and highly comsome day either to Africa or India. And mendable features. The calendar itself a few new members entered the work- is a novelty. Attractively printed on but only a few where we had hoped and heavy white cardboard, measuring 9 by planned for many. 14 inches and provided with a scarlet ribbon hanger, it contains more informa- Can You Answer? tion than the average year book of many pages. For the past two years, during the autumn, the Schenectady County Sun- The society has a membership of more day-School Association has held a than one hundred women and meets in very successful Training School for the evenings at the different homes. One Sunday-School workers in the En- of the unusual features is the division gineering Building, Union College. into active and associate members, lists Last year there were seven courses, of whom, divided into groups for each taught by some of the best educators in month, are printed on the year card. Schenectady, among them two college La~t year there were 70 actives and 34 professors, an ex-college president and associates. At our request, Miss Wright the superintendent of the Teachers' has kindly given the following explana- Training School connected with the pub- nation of this feature: lic schools. At the close an examination was given in each course to those who "The active members," she says, "are took it. those who are willing to take part on the missionary program for our monthly The course in methods of missionary meetings, give talks, write papers, or work was based on the book, "Holding give the chairmen any needed help in the Ropes," and was taught by Professor the development of their plans for pre- Warren C. Taylor. The questions sub- senting mission study at the meetings. mitted to the class were as follows. It might be interesting to try them, first to "The associate members are those who test yourself, then your society or school. would like to attend the meetings and help with gifts of money and service, 1. What are the four principal ways in but are not willing to take any part in which efforts for missions may be put the missionary programs. This works forth by workers at home? well. There are often those who, after being associate members for a year or 2. Give some good method of using the two, are willing to allow their names to Bible in the missionary meeting. be transferred to the active list. At the close of 1913 there were a number who 3. How can music be made effective in did this, and one of the results was that the missionary meeting? last year we had many splendid papers written and read by women who said 4. What is the best way to interest an when they joined that 'they could never individual in missions? say a word in the meetings.'

5. What is the first thing you would do "The explanation of our groups by to start an interest in missions in the months is this: The first name of any Sunday-school? group in the active list is' the chairman for the month. With the assistance of 6. What ways are there of missionary that group of active members she must training in the home? present the mission study program for the month. The active group, assisted 7. Name six missionary books. by the associate group for the same 8. Name six noted missionaries. 9. What is the best way to raise money for missions? 10. What encouragements are there to pray for missions?

A Novel Year Card The 1915-1916 calendar of the Stafford Home and Foreign Missionary Society, First Presbyterian Church, Canastota,

OF BEST METHODS

month, must also s'erve light refreshments always of interest. In July, 1914, we at the close of the meeting. In this way printed the 1912-13 program of the every member, both active and associate, Voman's Missionary Society, Bedford has something definite to do once every Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., year. We have splendid meetings, and very large ones, too." which consisted of a series of "Little Journeys to Mission Lands." Through "I must add just a little about our Sunshine Committee," says Miss Wright. the kindness of Miss Lydia Pennington, "At each meeting we take a sunshine offering. Members can give as' little as president of the Christian Woman's they wish and not every time unless they Board of Missions, Euclid Avenue Chrischoose. When our members are sick or in trouble little gifts of sunshine are sent tian Church, Cleveland, Ohio, we have to them-flowers, huit or candy. Once it was a gift of money with a friendly received a copy of the 1914-15 year book little note to one who must undergo an of her society showing an adaptation of expensive operation. On her return there this plan. "The 'Little Journeys' proved were bright flowers at her home to speak our joy at having her with us again. most interesting," she says, "and attracted Most of us' have been cheered by these many to our meetings." sunshine gifts and we feel that they have bound us closer together." The topicS' for the journeys (some copied from the Bedford Church pro- True Yoke-fellows gram, but many original) were as fol- Some societies have found great blessing and a large access of interest through lows: yoking their members with missionaries on the home and foreign fields. ThiS' is October-Bird's-Eye View of the World done in the Woman's Missionary Soci- from an Aeroplane, ety, First Presbyterian Church, Tuscumbia, Alabama. In the 1916-17 year book November-Journey Through India. of the society, recently sent us by Miss December-A Cruise Through the West Frances Cooper, there is a list of 44 mem- Indies. bers of the society and opposite the January-By Trolley Through Foreign names of 31 of them the name of some Sections of Cleveland. missionary. February-A Trip to South America and Mexico. "Two years ago," says Miss Cooper, March-By Trail Through Liberia; Side "we decided to ask each member to select Trip Up the Congo. a missionary to pray for-some one in April-On Horseback Among the Mounwhom she was especially interested. It taineers. was also suggested that we not only re- May-Tenting Through Palestine and member these missionaries in our pray- Syria; Side Trip by Camel in Arabia; ers, but write to them as well. I'm afraid Hold-up, "Your Money and Your Life!" some of us have failed to carry out the June-By Dog Sled to the Frozen North; latter suggestion, but a great many have Stopover Among the Canadian Indians. done so, and it is a fine plan." July-By Wheelbarrow Through China; A Glimpse Into Tibet. August-Through Japan by Jinriksha; Ticket Extended to Korea. S e pte m b e r-Auto Journey Through America.

The devotional topics for these jour- neys were especially appropriate. They were as follows: Preparation; Equip- ment; Chart and Compass; Power; Hints for the Journey; Marching Or- ders; Helps by the Way; Outfit; Pro- visions for the Journey; Comforts; Sug- gestions for the Trip; Guide Book.

Little Journeys to Mission Landa An Envelope Calendar Societies on the outlook for novel ways The way in which one society adapts of announcing their programs for the the methods of another to its own use is'

year will be interested in a set of ten A Spontaneous (?) Missionary Social envelopes sent us by Mrs. J. R. Cowan, of Danville, Ky., president of the Junior Through the courtesy of Mr. R. H. Auxiliary, of the Diocese of Lexington, Young, of Haines City, Florida, we have which serve the double purpose of a cal- received the following account of a very endar and a receptacle for the offerings. successful missionary social given some years ago, under the auspices of the Mis- The envelopes measure 5% by 3% sionary Committee of the Young People's Society, in the Cas'e Avenue Presbyterian inches and have very large square flaps. Church in the city of C–. On the face of each envelope a picture of some building or scene appropriate "This missionary committee," says Mr. to the topic for the month has been pas- Young, "did not confine itself to the reguted; on the flap at the back the date of lar monthly meetings provided for by the meeting and the program has been the devotional committee, but occasionwritten in by hand, and across the bot- ally held missionary socials at the homes tom below the flap of the envelop, the of interested members of the church. names of those in charge. A package of Nor did it confine itself exclusively to ten was made for each woman in the accounts of Presbyterian missions. Its auxiliary. The envelop announcing the members believed that the best service meeting on giving contains three excel- results from a broad knowledge of the lent tracts. entire 'field, which is the world.'

"The parish is small," says Mrs. "The topic for one of our'socials (tho Cowan, "and we only needed fifteen not so announced) was 'Missionary packages, so the making of them was not Boats.' A number of these in use in dif-' a very great item. We had a better year ferent parts of the world were selected than ever before when this program was and assigned to different members, with used, and I hope the results were worth instructions to make such a study of the effort. One can only trust they were. them as would enable them to teU (not One woman is using her envelope as a read) about them in an interesting way. sort of repository for accumulating mis- Those selected ranged all the way from sionary literature." the old 'Morning Star' to a new boat just launched on the Kongo. In Honor of Two Presidents "When we were gathered in Mrs. Weare also indebted to Mrs. Cowan W's parlors that evening (in full numfor the following card of invitation to a bers, for it was a place all delighted to meeting in a sister church. "It was a go) and were well under way socially, splendid meeting," she says, "at which the conversation was skilfully led to 'Misthe retiring president turned her duties sionary Boats.' Without announcement over to the incoming one." This is an and in the most informal, conversational excellent idea for any society: manner, one of the company began telling about a particular hoat of which he had C.W.B.M. been reading. This led another to tell something about another boat of which Appreciation she had read lately. And so on. Some- times there were interruptions in the of shape of questions (perhaps artfully asked and on purpose!) or of ,general One who has served talk-all in the easiest and (apparently) most spontaneous and impromptu fash- and ion. It was a delightful evening.

One who will serve Mrs. Cecil Mrs. Cloyd Christian Church September 7, 2.30-5.00

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MlSSIONADY NE S ISLANDS OF THE SEA being repaired and numerous new buildings are being erected in new " 0Conquering Fear in the Pacific communities. Other revenues are taking N these most easterly islands of the place of the lost State revenues, and Papua the work has been almost a far more able and efficient body of entirely of an itinerary nature," writes workers is taking the place of the dis- credited Spanish friars. The Roman Rev. W. J. Endicott, of Australia, from Church is straining every nerve to ad- just herself to the changed conditions, Rossel Island. "Without a central mis- and, one must confess, with considerable sion station, the missionaries have been success. The greatest, most bitter and compelled to make their home on the prolonged struggle for complete religious boat, and thus have been continually freedom in the Philippines is yet before traveling. The Papuans have given them us, and it will require the highest conand their message a cordial reception centration and the richest gifts in men everywhere, altho they had been in- and money." fluenced against the missionaries. I Generous Islanders "It was gratifying when a trader, after N the Pacific Ocean, midway between informing us that he had been partly re- the Fiji and the Gilbert Islands, lies sponsible for this, and as a consequence a an archipelago of nine or ten coral atolls, fairly large village had requested him to called the Ellice Islands (under British keep their location from our knowledge, protection). Their total surface is only assured us that now there is no such de- 14 square miles, and the people number sire; but, on the contrary, they desire our about 2,500. This little group gave continued visit or even our stay among $3,500 in money recently to the London them. There are, however, some places Missionary Society in honor of the fifstill in which the children flee into the tieth anniversary of the coming of the bush at our approach, being afraid that missionaries to their islands'. They speak we have come to take them away." the Samoan language and have a tradi- tion that thirty generations ago they came' Rome in the Philippines from Samoa. They even name the valley from which their fathers started out, and " DO not let the churches at home they possess an ancient spear whose staff think that we are facing a deca- is of wood not known among them now, which, they say, came with their ancesdent, weakened Catholicism, where for- tors from Samoa. merly she had supreme control," writes a tTliSSlOnary. "It is a mistake to speak T Good and Evil in Hawaii of the Roman Catholic Church in the HE Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) Philippines as decadent, and the ruined were not long ago heathen territory. churches here and there are not indica- Now they are giving men and money to tions of its state. Enormous sums of missions, and are liberal in helping the Roman Catholic money are being poured into the Philippines, and scores of her mo'st intelligent and capable workers are constantly coming to the islands. Dozens of dilapidated buildings are

sufferers from the European war. The 84,000 in excess of the year previous.

Congregationalist says that "when ap- -Lutheran Observer.

peals to aid relatives at home reached TPresident Charles R. Watson of Cairo Hawaii, surprizingly large sums were at HE trustees of the proposed Univeronce cabled. Later the Belgian relief committee secured generous donations. sity of Cairo have recently elected Even the poor gave far in excess of all the Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D., presi- anticipations." dent of the university. Dr. Watson has re- The problems of Hawaii are those of signed as secretary of the Board of For- America-one of which is intemperance. eign Missions of the United Presbyterian There are upward of 130 liquor estab- Church of North America, but has been lishments on the islands, and the drink made honorary secretary of the board bill amounts to $3,570,000 per annum. A and expects to remain in America for brewery in Honolulu does a flourishing one or two years in order to complete business. There are several distilleries, the work of organizing and financing including one or two big sake stills owned the university. He is succeeded in the and operated by Japanese. Cargoes of general secretaryship of the board by whisky, brandy, wine, "dago-red" and Rev. Wm. B. Anderson, D.D., who has "square-face" gin are being shipped in been his associate, and who was for from abroad. "Dago-red" California fourteen years a missionary in India. wine is a deadly poison and is the cause of crime, suffering and death. The death The new president of the new univerrate is shocking. Appeal after appeal sity was born in Egypt, being the son of has been made to Congress for help, and Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Watson, for half now a bill has been introduced into the a century honored missionaries of the United States Senate for the prohibition United Presbyterian Church. He was of the liquor traffic in Hawaii, which is a graduated from Princeton University in territory of the United States. 1894 and has been for fifteen years a missionary secretary and a force in mis- NORTH AMERICA sionary circles at home and abroad.

Liberating the Prisoners TCost of Education in the United States THE National Committee on Prisom HE Bureau of Education has issued is guiding the movement for the a report to the effect that the cost overthrow of the barbaric prison systems of education for the 22,000,000 persons which disgrace our civilization to-day.

enrolled in institutions of learning in the Opportunity is demanded for the prisoner United States in 1914 was $750,000,000. to develop through self-expression, in- "This cost is less by $300,000,000 than dustrial training and incentive to right- the cost of running the federal govern- doing. The committee has come to feel ment," the statement asserts. "It is less that further advance in prison reform than one-third the nation's expenditure calls for action on the part of the for alcoholic liquors, and it is only a little churches, and is calling upon the church more than three times the estimated cost people of every creed to take up the of admission to motion-picture theaters cause of the morally and spiritually ill in the United States for the same year." man and woman whom we call the crimi- The attendance at elementary schools nal. A committee on religious work has totaled 19,000,000; 1,374,000 in secondary been organized and includes in its mem- schools, and 216,000 in colleges and uni- bership representatives of all denomina- versities. In point of rapid growth, the tions. The work in which the coopera- public high school represented the most tion of the churches is sought is three- impressive figures, the enrolment being fold: ministration within the prison;

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after-care of the ex-prisoner who comes ance, to be edited by Rev. S. B. Rohold, out of prison determined to make good, who was reelected president, and the and who needs encouragement and a other the starting of definite missionary right environment; the creation on the work under the auspices of the Alliance. part of the general public of a right atti- This has especially in mind the sending tude toward the prison and the prisoner. out of traveling evangelists, who would April 9th was observed as Prison Sabbath visit the many communities where large in many churches. numbers of Jews are to be found, but where no Jewish mission exists. Bibles for West Point Cadets Mission Work Among Foreigners AT an impressive service in the chapel of the United States Military Acad- T HE Church is not only sending the emy at West Point, on April 9th, the Gospel to foreigners, but the Lord forty-sixth annual presentation of Bibles is sending foreigners to the Gospel. to the members of the graduating class There are nearly 35,000,000 people of was made by the American Tract Soci- foreign birth and native-born children ety. The entire cadet corps, numbering of foreign and mixed parentage in Amernearly 600 men, was present in full uni- ica. Here is a magnificent opportunity to form. Rev. H. Percy Silver, chaplain of teach all nations. They are at our doors the academy, conducted the devotional -yes, inside the portals. About 25,000 exercises. The presentation address was foreigners return to their native land delivered by Rev. Harlan G. Mendenhall, every year. If each would carry back of New York City, who spoke of the correct ideas of civilization and Chris- Bible as "living and active and sharper tianity gained during residence in Amerthan any two-edged sword," and then ica, he or she would become to that exproceeded to show that these qualities of tent a missionary. Thus, the work of the Word of God were representative of home missions among foreigners is inthe true West Point spirit. directly a great contribution toward the work of foreign mb'sions. Hebrew Christians in Conference TBooker T. Washington Memorial T HE second conference of the Hebrew HE campaign in the interest of the Christian Alliance of America was Booker T. vVashington memorial held in Philadelphia, May 2d to 5th. N ear- fund is being vigorously conducted among ly 150 delegates and friends were present both white and colored people. The trusfrom all parts of the United States and tees have already received from white Canada and representing many denomi- friends of the institute SUbscriptions nations. The presence of such a large amounting to about $700,000, some of number of Jewish Christians actuated by which is conditional upon other subscripa common religious impulse made a pro- tions being secured. The fund asked for found impression upon the life of the is $2,000,000, of which the trustees are city. The leading newspapers gave con- expecting the colored people to give ~iderable space to accounts of the meet- $250,000. Memorial fund committees ings. The Jewish rabbis of the city have been organized among the colored wrote letters to the press and the Yid- people in nearly 160 cities. Contributions dish papers gave exaggerated accounts, and pledges already received seem to inadding sarcastic comments on the pro- dicate that the colored people will raise ceedings. a large part of the sum expected of them by the trustees. Public meetings are The conference was marked by unity being held, and the colored churches, and spirituality, and two advance steps were decided upon-the first, the establishment of a quarterly organ of the Alli-

schools, fraternal and secret organiza- These Tsimpsean Indians were among tions, business leagues and individuals the most barbarous of any on the North are contributing as they are able. The American continent. They believed in teachers and employes of Tuskegee In- witch doctors and were given over to stitute, out of their modest earnings, cannibalism. have contributed, in cash and pledges to be paid before June 1st, $3,742.60. The It was from such material that Dr. students also are planning to contribute, Duncan organized the civilized communin a desire to help in the perpetuation ity of the MetlakahtIa of to-day. The of the work. community has its own preachers and its own public speakers. Some of the ser- Christian American Indians mons in the Tsimpsean language are full of eloquence and beauty. PAUL BALDEAGLE, a full-blooded Indian, wrote in The Student WarM One preacher who had formerly been of the situation among his people: vicious and high-tempered, speaking of himself, said: "The Indians of the United States are in pressing need of Christian leaders, "I will tell you what I feel myself to who can bring Jesus Christ as a real, liv- be. I am like a bundle of weeds floating, personal Savior to the multitudes ing down 'the stream. I was going down of Indians, who know Him not as such, with all my sin, like the weeds, covered altho they profess to be Christians. with earth and filth; but I came to the rapids when lo! there was a pole stuck "There are quite a large number of fast and firm in the rock, and I clutched schools for Indian boys and girls at at the pole, and there I am now. The which the needed leaders can be success- stream is passing by and washing away fully trained. Some of these schools are my filth. Christ to me is the pole. I maintained by the Government; others hold to Him and am safe." are provided for by certain denominations. Thousands of Indian boys and LATIN AMERICA girls are thus educated yearly. Porto Rico and Prohibition "The Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations have T HE recent Porto Rico Protestant laid siege to this student body of In- mission conference adopted the dians, and· whereas four years ago we resolution asking for the prohibition of had 400 Indian young men who were intoxicants for the island. members of Christian Associations, this year there are 1,200; two-thirds of these After the resolution was carried the are in voluntary Bible classes, and many audience cheered for three minutes. are becoming Christian leaders in their Porto Rican rum is sold on the island school life. One is preparing to go as at 10 cents a pint, and peons' can get a medical missionary to his race in South drunk on two cents' worth of this rum. America. He is the first Indian Student There can be little doubt that there would Volunteer." be no comprehensive or effective dry laws passed now if the matter were left An Alaskan Indian's Sermon for settlement in the island itself. Iso- lated as it is, Porto Rico can be sealed ONE of the romances of present-day up as tight as a drum. And for those missions is the story of the work car- who have suffered from the effects of too much liquor there can be no gainsaying ried on for the last thirty years among the benefits which may be derived by the Indians of Metlakahtla by Dr. Dun- having the temptation removed. There can, "the Apostle of Alaska," who is now eighty-four years old.

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is much money spent throughout the A Bible class organized last June with an enrolment of four has increased to island for drink that might better go for twelve, including one Ecuadorian. It is bread. That the insular revenues may hoped that these men will become lead- suffer by taking away the alcohol taxes ers in opening other Bible classes. Re- ligious work has been carried on through probably is true, but there is no particu- personal interviews. The following is typical. The man interviewed is the lar reason why the Government should Chief Quartermaster of the Chilian live so largely on a business which may Army, a man of thirty years. He does so easily become a vice, and with an in- not profess to belong to any church but telligent, responsive, elective legislature acceptS' the ideals of the Association. He there is every reason to believe that am- says there are many men like himself ple provision would be made promptly who will have nothing to do with the for other means of revenue. Church and therefore call themselves un- believers, but they are not unbelievers Signs of Harvest in Mexico as practically all of them believe in the spirit of Christianity. Forty men, mostly METHODIST workers in Mexico re- Chilians, were interviewed for the pur- port many encouragements in the pose of setting before them the ideals of the Association, preparing the way for a lives that are being touched and changed. more active propaganda in winning them For example, in Queretaro, a married to Christ. Only a very few men really couple who for years had prayed to know Christ, but all of them are open to images received the Gospel with such joy influence. A prayer group organized that they immediatt'ly destroyed the with four men, in 14 sessions had a total image they formerly worshiped. They attendance of 56.-Foreign Mail. are now worthy members of the Church and through their influence others have Evangelical Conference in Argentina come into the fold. WITH the object of widening the A soldier in the present revolution outlook, deepening the spiritual while away from his family was converted to the Protestant faith and came life, and fostering the spirit of brotherhome almost dreading the task of im- hood among members of Spanish-speakparting the news to his family. His joy ing churches in the southern part of the can be imagined when he discovered that province of Buenos Aires, a conference the family had also been converted and was held in Tandil from March 4th to were faithful attendants at the services. 12th, representatives being present from It was indeed a happy reunion. most of the Protestant churches. A more cosmopolitan gathering it would be hard At one time a Catholic family came to find, many nationalities being repreto the parsonage in, Mexico City for re- sented. During the week morning and fuge and, of course, were asked to be evening sessions were held. . present at the daily family worship. When they left they said to their hosts, Some of the meetings were given up "Please pray for us, for we s'ee that you entirely to the testimonies of the memhave a most direct and beautiful way of bers of the churches represented, all of talking with God and we want you to them, while telling of differing spiritual intercede for us." experiences, witnessing to the truth that "the Gospel of Christ is' the power of Reachinlr Chilian Young Men God unto salvation."

THE membership of the Valparaiso, In the town they were celebrating Chile, Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is 337, of whom 118 are ChiIians, the others English, German, and other foreigners.

carnival, with all its frivolity. The Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway, and mIsSIOnaries formed into procession may visit Italy and Turkey as well. No and sang choruses as they marched public meetings of any kind have been along the street, arousing great interest called, the object of his trip being to among the onlookers. inspect the vast work which the Young Men's Christian Association is conduct- One of the best featureS' of the confer- ing for the millions of men under arms ence was the fraternizing of the mem- and in prison camps. We can not estibers of the different congregations. The mate the possible outcome of his visit plan is to make the conference an annual in drawing more closely those internaaffair. tional bonds of Christian fellowship which he has helped to create in past Baptists to Enter Brazil years.

T HE important Brazilian state of ASpanish Attack on a Colporteur Parana has been opened to Baptist SPANISH paper reports an attack missions. A pawnbroker, who was also upon an agent of the British and a fairly well-to-do jeweler, heard the Foreign Bible Society in Bilbao. "Mr. Gospel preached in the streets of Santos, Arbiza had been threatened, so that it received a tract and went home to read was deemed necessary to give police proit. The pages were read again and again tection to the Scripture booth which he and finally brought conviction and salva- had set up in the annual Bilbao fair. tion. The reader sold all that he owned This year the agents of the clericals and dedicated his life to the spreading of broke in upon him and poured vitriol the good news. Using the means at his over his stock of Bibles. In trying to disposal, he printed "tracts, paid his own rescue a part of the books, Mr. Arbiza expens'es as he traveled about selling was burned about the hands and his Bibles, and finally settled in Paranag1l3, clothing was injured. Some of the Bilwhere he built himself a home and a bao newspapers condemned the action, large hall for preaching purposes. while three others objected to the here- Groups of Christians began to be gath- tical character of the Bible. The peoered which were ultimately organized ple of the city came in large numbers to into a church unconnected with any de- express their mortification at the deed nomination. Some time afterward its and, as' usually happens as a sequel to evangelist leader, exhausted by his labors such cases, more Bibles were sold than and anxious to see the work established ever." on a firm basis, made approaches to the American Baptist Mission in Brazil and Work for Women in Munition Centers the whole body of 250 members was incorporated in the Baptist Church of WAR conditions in Great Britain Brazil. Mr. Pettigrew has been sent to have brought to the Young aid in this reorganization and has been doing a great work since his arrival. Women's, as well as to the Young Men's Christian Association, special opportuni- EUROPE ties for service, which have been quickly seized. John R. Mott in Europe In crowded munition areas, where the ON May 29th, Dr. John R. Mott sailed rattle and clank and whirr of machine for England to spend two months and death-spelling engines make the music of the weary day; in rushing milivisiting the various countries' of Europe. tary centers; in the heart of big cities, He plans to spend some time in Eng- where hundreds of wqmen have left land, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, country homes in order to enter into

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the commercial life of the hour-in all Hungarian prisoners of war, these strik- these places a work of grace is going on ing statements have been made concern- in the name of the Lord Jesus. In the ing the war work of the Association.

munition centers the Young Women's There are more than four millions of Christian Association has erected cheery men and boys in the prisoner-of-war huts, which serve as canteens, rest- camps of the countries on both sides of rooms, Gospel centers, and in some cases the struggle. Of all the countries where have included sleeping accommodations. these prisoners of war are found, Russia This is the supreme opportunity of affords possibly the most significant op- winning the women for Christ, as it is portunity. In European and Siberian the great opportunity of winning the men. Russia, chiefly the latter, there are to-day The women are gathered together in vast concentrated in scores of prison camps numbers, and in the huts of the Young over one million Teutonic soldiers. The Women's Christian Association there are International Committee of Young Men's possibilities of evangelism the like of Christian Associations have been granted which have not been seen in peace-time. the unique privilege of entering all of The women and girls who never dream these camps and of organizing practical of going to church in the ordinary way Christian work on their behalf. What are now within reach of the Association, lends even larger significance to this and the very best use is being made of movement is the fact that the Russian the opportunity thus presented.-Life of Government has given permission to Faith. work among the Teutonic prisoners on France and Islam condition that Germany and Austria would give similar permission to the In- T HE French Government has laid two ternational Committee to do a similar bills before Parliament, providing work among Russian prisoners. for measures to be adopted in order to show the gratitude of France for the Mission School in Salonica Burned loyalty of her subjects in North Africa. O NE of the most promising institu- One of the bills provides for the cre- tions of the American Board's work in the Near East is the Agricultural and ation in Mecca and at Medina of two Industrial Institute in Salonica. On large caravanserais, bought or erected at April 15th, the main building of this the expense of the French Government, school, with most of its contents, was where pilgrims from Northern Africa destroyed by fire. SoldierS' from a nearmay obtain shelter free. by French aviation camp helped very much in fighting the flames, but the fire The second bilI provides for the addi- spread so fast that it was impossible to tion to the Inter-ministerial Commission save half the equipment and furnishings, for Moslem Affairs at Paris of Moslem to say nothing of personal effects. Some councillors, thus allowing natives to be of the boys are now sleeping in the hay represented at the seat of the central power.

1 War Prisoners in Russia mow and the others are camping in out- N connection with the acceptance by buildings.

Rev. Fred P. Haggard, D.D., Home Before the fire was' over two contribu- Secretary of the Baptist Foreign Mission' tions of 100 francs each were handed in Board, of the call of the International from among the English and French Committee of the Young Men's Christian military who came to help; and friends Association to go to Russia to take from two military hospitals sent over charge of the work being conducted there food and blankets, so that no one had to on behalf of the German, Austrian and go cold or hungry.

Later gifts, together with the insur- MOSLEMS IN ASIA ance money, will make possible a start T A German Report from Palestine on rebuilding, tho the increased cost of HE Moslem World quotes the folaJl building materials is a matter for lowing, with the heading "Is this sume anxiety. The lost apparatus, tools, Sarcasm?" furniture, library, etc., can not be easily or quickly replaced, but the school will "The war has had its effect on the continue its work even tho under diffi- Holy Land," says Der Bote aus Zion cult conditions. (Zion's Messenger), a Berlin paper de- voted to German mission work in Pal- The Moravian Crisis estine, "and that effect has on the whole not been unfavorable. The Hill of Gol- THE international position of the gotha and the Mount of Olives have been Moravian Church and its missions awakened to a new life by the tramp of has been greatly tried through this the Turkish troops, which drill there world's war. The entire Unitas accord- daily. At Jerusalem a score of monasing to the report at the close of 1914 teries and convents, formerly occupied numbers 46,133 members. They are dis- by enemy missions, English, French, and tributed as follows: German Unitas with Rupsian, have been transformed into 433 missionary people, 8,765; Bohemian barracks, and their halls and galleries congregations, 1,267; British Units, now resound with the military com- 6,574; North American, 22,348; South mands of officers. On the whole, the American, 7,037; missionaries besides spectacle presented by the Holy Land Germans, 150. is an extraordinary one. Everywhere In the mission administration alI three one sees motor cars', aeroplanes, machine guns, buffaloes, and oxen-drawn cars, Unitas provinces are represented ac- laden with munitions, going through the cording to the constitution. The posi- lanes and along the fields once trodden tion has become more acute, because by the apostles and the patriarchs, while many friends without the Moravian the construction of military roads Church help their mission. The German brotherhood, in spite of the close inter- through the desert, over the mountains national relationship, has always been of Judea, in the outskirts of Jericho, very patriotic. In England, the German does not cease by night or day. Truly, origin of the church and its name "Mo- the dry bones are made to live again."

ravians," was until the most modern time An Armenian'. Hope a great stumbling-block toward its devel- T opment, and for this reason the national HE following letter from an Ar- menian, now in Asia Minor, shows side of the English brotherhood was more and more emphasized. Of the German the kind of faith some Armenian Chris- Moravians, 934 were in the army the tians possess: 8th of November, 1915; 90 had fallen; "Gdd can still shut the mouths of lions.

13 missed, and 17 imprisoned. Of the Do you realize that He has truly done English, several hundreds had volun- this during many years? We now under- teered for the army, who, like the rest stand how great a miracle it is that our of their nation, believe they are fighting nation should have survived so many for a good and just cause. How, under . years in the midst of a people like the these conditions, the historical interna- Turks. Into what demons can men tional relationship of the Moravian change themselves! I fear they are plan- Church can be maintained, is a serious ning to kill some of us, to starve others, question for its members on both sides to drive the rest into the desert. So I of the canal and the ocean. have little hope of seeing you again in

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this world. But do not doubt that I will only 200 escaped death or exile. Thirty do all possible to encourage others to of these were saved in the house of Mr. die bravely and may God aid me to die Stapleton, the American Board repreas a Christian. May this land see that sentative. if we can not live longer as men, we can die as men! And may many die as men The Moslems came several times and of God! May the Lord pardon this (Mo- demanded that the Armenian girls be hammedan) people their sin! They sin given over to them. Mr. Stapleton anthrough ignorance. May the Armenians swered, "You must kill me before· you by their death be able to show forth the can touch them." A plot to fire the house life of Jesus, since they can not render was discovered and the situation daily testimony with their lives! May we became more desperate, until at length soon see many Moslems become followers Mr. Stapleton said, "If the Russians do of Christ! And may this war soon end not arrive to-day I feel sure that our that the Moslems may be saved from time has come." That night the magatheir cruelty. For day by day they be- zines in the Erzroom forts exploded, the come more demoniac and their character shock breaking most of the windows in is degraded by the tortures which they the Stapleton house, and breaking all impose on their victims. Our expecta- the windows in the hospital near by. tion is in God, out of love to Moslem The Turkish troops fled. Then the no less than to Armenian. May He soon townsfolk began looting. They were apmanifest Himself !"-Record of Christian proaching the American quarters when Work. the Russian advance guard of Cossacks entered and began to police the city. American Schools not Closed Later many high Russian officials called and were entertained at the Stapletons' A WAY has been found to continue at house. The Turks had sent most of least some of the mission schools in their wounded away; but 200 were left Turkey during this time of war. The with no one to care for them. When Christian Guardian gives this note: "A Dr. (Mrs.) Stapleton and the Russian han was placed on the language of all Red Cross physicians went round the the belligerents; and French, Russian, hospitals they found dead in every room. Japanese and English became forbidden tongues. Of course, this affected United Persian Pastors Killed States schools and United States citizens in Turkey; and the United States Am- W ORD has come from Persia that in bassador protested most vigorously. Bohtan four native preachers have However, a Turkish firman had been is- been killed and their families either suer! and could not be recalled, being like killed or carried away. Several Christhe laws of the Medes and Persians. But, tian women are also definitely reported to please the United States Ambassador, as having been carried off by the Kurds. another firman was issued giving full After the first, the Kurds were inclined permission to all and sundry for the use to care for the Christians, but the Turkof the 'American language.' And the ish government threatened the Kurds folks concerned very quickly acquired and compelled them to complete their this new tongue, and were safe from of- work. Rev. William A. Shedd, of Uruficial interference. Great is diplomacy!" mia, now in this country, comments on this news as follows: Awful Scenes in Erzroom "Bohtan, where the four preachers INDESCRIBABLE things happened in were killed, is the region in the U rumia Erzroom just before the Russians cap- field most distant from the station center. tured the city. Out of 20,000 Armenians It is in the Tigris Valley, and the

Protestant community there has been lowed in a long train. We wanted our marked by wonderful faith and zeal. district Christians to realize that they The men referred to as having been were members of a great Church. We killed were all of them simple, earnest, trust the inspiration of this day will rehard-working men, who always contrib- main with them for a long time. One uted to the peace of the community. Had of the British Territorial troops who was matters been left to the Kurdish chiefs present was heard to s'ay, 'When I get there is good reason to believe that they back to England I'll tell the people of would have spared the lives of these men this, and there will be no man saying, first of all. This word from the Chris- "I don't believe in native Christians.'" " tians in the Tigris Valley makes one feel for the fate of the large number in Into the Depths Mosul and the region north of Mosul toward the mountains." SOME missionary workers in India justly claim vast areas of land, or INDIA land and water, within their territory. T Breaking Down of Caste Others emphasize the diversity of races HIS from Rev. F. E. Jeffrey, of with which they are dealing. But ac- Aruppukottai. Things are certainly cording to the Rev. William H. Hollister, moving in India: the South India Mission of the Methodist Church, which conducts Christian work A marvelous revolution is in progress. five thousand feet underground in the Twenty-five years ago the writer was Kolar mines, goes deepest in its soulstoned for innocently taking a low-caste saving mission. Christian servant through the Brahmin street. The other day he sat down to a Indian Farmers Turning to Christ banquet with college students of all castes, including three divisions of Brah- REV. E. W. FELT, of Vadala, in the mins. All were served by servants of Marathi Mission, writes: low-caste extraction. In Bombay, on December 28th, an all-India inter-caste din- "It is the farmer caste that presents ner, organized with the avowed object the biggest opportunity. They constiof doing away with caste differences, was tute the sturdy middle class of India, held. Of the 450 guests from various and in our district, tho years of work castes, 225 were Brahmins, 50 were In- have been done among them, only a dian woman, and 20 were the so-called handful has actually become Christian. "untouchables !" They are deeply conservative and not very responsive to a purely spiritual ap- Meerut Mission Centenary peal. Yet the fruitage of all these years of effort among them is becoming more ONE of the principal features of the and more manifest, until our hearts thrill centenary celebrations of the C. M. with the promise.

S. mission at Meerut, India, was the pro- "Our schools in the villages which had cession of some seven hundred village almost no high caste Hindus in them twelve or fifteen years ago are now in Christians. Rev. J. F. Pemberton wrote many cases crowded with the children of farmers eager for an education. Crowds of it: of the fathers and mothers of these chil- "We marched in procession from the dren may be gathered at any time to listen to the gospel. They are most mission compound to the garrison church. friendly, and seek us on all matters con- The Bishop and twelve clergymen led cerning government and their fields, etc., the way, and then the villagers, each bringing their quarrels for settlement. group with a distinctive banner-on foot and in bullock carts and on camels-fol-

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 55

"There is a new unrest among these say: "This is not only a menace to our farmers, partly economic, partly a desire work, but is proving a serious hindrance for education, and partly spiritual. A to the suppression of the opium traffic society of them is working in our district, across the border in the province of called the Truth Seekers' Society, which Yunnan in China." has as its object the throwing off of the yoke of the Brahmans, the abandonment SIAM AND LAOS of idolatry, and the education of the community." "0 Training Siamese Inquirers NE of the encouraging features of The Message Bit this field," writes Rev. J. A. Eakin, of Petchaburi, Siam, "is the large num- ANYTHING is better than indifference. ber of people who have given their names as willing to give up their former The most depressing missionary sit- religion and accept Christ as their Savuation is an easy-going tolerance. Mis- ior and Lord. The various lists of insionary work is weakest when nobody quirers now total up more than a thoucares to attack, when it is not regarded sand names. Of these, 154 have been as effective enough to demand notice. baptized. The mission has recently From this point of view we may read with adopted a method of receiving these inrejoicing the following verses taken from quirers as catechumens, requiring them to the Madura Mail after Mr. Sherwood make a public promise to renounce their Eddy's evangelistic meetings. Sircar is former religion, accept Christ, repent of the name of a Bengali Christian, a their sins and forsake them, observe the former Brahman, who was another of Sabbath, practise monogamy, and study the speakers: the Scriptures. In addition to those baptized, twenty-eight have been received OH! HINDU BROTHERS, BEWARE! as catechumens by this method.

The fisher comes with tempting bait; Each of our evangelists has the list The fox it comes with cunning gait; of questions prepared for those who wish With luring words on us' doth wait; to be enrolled as catechumens, and they are expected to instruct all inquirers who Beware! Beware! show sufficient interest, so that they will Oh, friend, heed not to that Sircar, understand clearly what is involved in The state his speeches can not mar, the catechumen pledge. Thus, while the And so thy sense from wavering bar: roll of inquirers is being constantly lengthened by the addition of new Beware! Beware! names, we are giving our attention And Eddy he doth eddy 'bout; mainly rather to intensive work in the He tries our common sense to rout. way of developing those already won Conversion is his faith, no doubt: over in the graces of the Christian life and in the knowledge of the truth as it is Beware! Beware! in Jesus.

Opium in Burma "I Influence of the Gospel in Siam BELIEVE that a Christian rebirth IN the northwestern part of the Keng- is quietly taking place in the king- tung field, Burma, the cultivation of dom," writes L. C. Bulkley, M.D., a opium is being pushed to the exclusion Presbyterian missionary in Siam. "Apart of other crops. There has consequently from any effort on our part, Christian been a shortage of food supplies and teachings are being quietly appropriated rice has been very high. In addition to by Buddhists, and imparted by officials, this, local officials have tried to force opium cultivation on Christian villages and to take away the land of those who refuse to cultivate.

The Baptist missionaries in this field

whose lives are quite different from the selves we will have no lack of boys in our officials' of some years ago. school. The graduates of our Ming Sam School for Blind Girls can do very credit- "Not only we missionaries have seen able work in knitting, and most of them that more is needed. Something must are employed as Bible readers or teachbe added to the religion they have; the ers and are proficient in church music, people here feel it themselves. The vocal and instrumenta!." Holy Spirit is now preached bJ some, as tho a part of Buddhism. Recently Nearly all the graduates of these at a gathering of the headmen of a small schools are in Christian work and are adjacent village, our Governor talked to employed by the various missions. them at some length on the virtues of honesty, mutual helpfulness, monogamy, Difficulties in China etc., in a very kindly and fatherly spirit, finishing up by saying, 'Now all this is SOME faint idea of the difficulties that the religion that we believe in, and so are encountered in mission work can we must practise these things.' An old be gained by a consideration of the vastman now a Christian two years or so, ness of the country and the diversity of laughed as he reported it afterward, and the dialects. The area of China is 3,913,- said, 'How many years was I a Bud- 560 square, miles, and the total railway dhist, and I never heard anything like mileage is under 7,000. The roads are this in their teaching!' poorly constructed and badly kept; con- sequently, traveling is arduous and slow. "Let us pray that they will see what On the other hand, there are numerous they really need is the whole Gospel, canals and navigable rivers which faciliwhich is offered them!" tate communication. In regard to dia- lects, the actual number in use through- CHINA out China can not be stated, but an esti- mate, said to be conservative, has placed Schools for the Blind in China them at over 300. Knowledge of the Mandarin dialect is' general among the T HERE are over 300 blind pupils in official classes throughout the country, the various schools which have been but for intimate work among the people opened for them by missionaries in South a knowledge of the local dialect is essen- China. Among the best known of these tial. institutions are the "Ming Sam Schools for the Blind," in Canton, where the op- Slave Girl. Sold in China portunity to minister to these unfortunate ones is limited only by the funds in CHINESE slave girls are found in hand. Dr. Mary W. Niles, who is in large cities, such as Shanghai and charge, writes: "We feel that our most important work is to train our pupils for Canton, and refuges for these unforself-supporting professions or trades; to tunates have been opened by missionarouse in the parents and the general aries'. Many will, however, be surcommunity a feeling of responsibility prized to learn that girls throughout for training and making the blind use- the country are sold as slaves, and that ful, and to break down the bond of super- the province of Szechuan is probably stition and vice which oppress them. the greatest slave market in China. Bishop D. T. Huntington, of the Prot- We already have three girls whose estant Episcopal Mission of Anking, families are supporting them wholly in says of this: "When I was stationed school, and a number of others pay par- in Ichang I learned a good deal about tial support. The boys pay their own the way in which the trade is carried board. vVhen we can demonstrate that on. Ichan,g is at the mouth of the our graduates can always support them- Yangtze gorges, and all the traffic of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Szechuan with the rest of the Empire Men's Christian Association. The fol- passes through it. Most of the slave lowing report from the association in traffic is illegal, as the Chinese laws Tientsin is an illustration of this: regarding it are quite strict in theory. "A two weeks' membership campaign Some of these girls are bought from brought in 775 members and $7,400. The their parents, but more are kidnapped team which stood far in the lead was and brought down the river in the headed by the leading citizen of Tientsin, junks under hatches. A friend of Mr. Yen Fan Tsun. His warm support mine was coming down from Chung- and effort will mean much to the organ- king and had noticed nothing peculiar. ization in this city. Mr. Yen was for- until he was within a day of Ichang. merly at the head of the National Board Then he saw a little hand come up of Education and is a man to whom all through the forward hatch. He pulled educators look for advice and example.

up the hatch and found six little girls Among the prominent members received below. They were taken away that were three sons of President Yuan Shih night, so he was unable to do any- Kai, who are resident in Tientsin. Sev- thing about them. My Chinese friends eral of the most prominent campaign have told me that at least 1,000 girls workers have since decided to become pass through Ichang in this way in the Christians."-Foreign Mail.

course of a year."

Borden Memorial Hospital in Kansu Revival Meetings in China FROM Lanchowfu, in far-away Kansu T HE evangelistic work of Rev. and province, Mr. George Andrew, of Mrs. J. Goforth has been greatly the China Inland Mission, writes: blest at various points in China. At "The Borden Memorial Hospital, which their meetings at Hsuchowfu in Kiangsu is now partly built, on the bank of the province the heathen attending the ser- Yellow River, outside the city, is a center vices were awed at the scenes of maniof Gospel light, where Dr. and Mrs. fest judgment. They said the living King, Dr. R. C. Parry and helpers min- God was present in the assembly, and ister to the sick. Patients come from many of them decided to become Chrislong distances, among them Moham- tians. medans, the winning of whom for Christ is one of the great problems confront· Mrs. Goforth summarizes the work in ing us. The Life of Faith: "I do not know where we coulrl find "Dozens of the students declared their more willing hearers of the Gospel than purpose to become preachers of the Gosat Lanchow, whether in the street-chapel pel. Hundreds promised that at the least 0, on the streets. Many Mohammedans they would strive to win one soul before come and listen with pleasure as' the unity the close of this year. On prayer and and spirituality of God are declared, and Bible study the whole audience seemed the falseness of idols exposed; but they resolved. A wonderful feature was the dislike to hear of salvation by Chri,;t. hundreds of one-sentence testimonies to The truths of His divinity and of His blessing received. Whole families testideath on the cross are derided by them." fied that they had been made new. Some said they now had a new church. The heads of both the boys' and girls' schools TResult. of a Y. M. C. A. Campaign said they have new schools, not a pupil, HE way in which its methods can as far as they knew, left unconverted. be adapted to conditions in many All the leaders said the blessing poured different countries is one of the signifi- out upon all was' beyond what they had cant features of the work of the Young asked or thought. The missionaries said

they never saw prayer like this before, Christianity will again occupy a position and some said that neither did their of recognized leadership.

weak faith lead them to expect it." Buddhists Start Sunday-schools Bi.hop Brent's Report on China T HE rapidly increasing interest in Japan in the coming convention of SPEAKING before the Episcopal Board the World's Sunday-School Association of Missions, Bishop Brent, who had just returned from the Far East, said: at Tokyo has challenged the attention of "I touched at various points in the Orient the Buddhists. The children who, they and took the opportunity to come into think, should follow their parents in the contact with the mission work at each Buddhist faith are going into the Chris- point. tian Sunday-schools, and the priests real- "China to-day presents such an oppor- ize that they must keep hold of these tunity as I suppose the world has never young people if Buddhism is to continue.

seen before in a country that is not As a result they are showing signs of Christian. We were thrilled a few years aroused activity in many quarters. In ago as we heard reports from China commemoration of the emperor's corona- after the Republic was established. But tion hundreds of Sunday-schools are to let me tell you that the opportunities in . be started in the Buddhist temples, where China for Christianity to-day are ten- the children of Buddhist homes may re- fold more than they were six years ago. ceive instruction in the tenets of their The opportunity is increasing by leaps faith, after the order of the Christian and by bounds. Again let me beg of you, Sunday-schools. For a time the priests in the name of Christ and in the name of have influenced the Buddhist teachers in the Orient as a whole, not to close the the public schools to tell their pupils they door of opportunity, but to think in the must not attend the Christian Sabbath terms of the Kingdom of God first, and schools, but when this was reported at a dollars and cents afterward." conference held in the home of Count Okuma immediate steps were taken to JAP AN-CHOSEN put a stop to it.

T Japan's Progress T Influencing China at Tokyo HE Japanese are rapidly becoming HE Chinese students who have come the most educated people in the to Japan in the last few years have world. At the present rate of progress been largely picked men, and generally Japan will soon have the smallest per better prepared than those who came cent. of illiterates and the largest per earlier. A natural proces's of selection cent. of children of school age in attend- among these has left chiefly those of ance in her schools. The National Chris- more serious purpose and better staying tian Educational Association and all the qualities, those destined in time to have Protestant missions of Japan have made the greater and more enduring influence plans for a great interdenominational upon their native land. From this point university, and the advanced schools for of view the winning of the Chinese stugirls are getting together in projecting dents in Japan to Christ is seen to be of a great Christian College for Women increasing importance. to open in 1916. Japan is more open to Christianity than at any time since the There are two churches for Chinese early eighties, and if the seven or eight students in Tokyo, and the Young Men's schools for men will advance their stan- Christian Association is working in close dards sufficiently and cooperate cordially connection with them. There are in Tokyo with the proposed Christian university, at present 98 baptized members. Others nOt affiliated with either church bring the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

total number of Christian students up terview the Moslem woman who owns to 110 or more, about 4 per cent. of the the house in which she had rented a total. Certainly in no community in room for this school.

China will there be found so large a pro- "You must not permit that Christian portion confessing Christ as among this missionary to come again nor must you great group of China's modern literati. allow the school to meet beyond to-day.

As large a percentage of the whole na- That missionary who came to speak yes- tion Christian would mean a Church in terday said such attractive things about China 16,000,000 strong.-Foreign Mail. Christianity that if he should continue I Progress in Korea there would soon be no Mohammedanism N spite of some serious problems con- in this neighborhood. Say to him that nected with missionary work and some you have done with him and his wife at very delicate matters' that have arisen once." in the relations of the missions with the government, the past year has been To the astonishment of the sheikh the one of phenomenal progress along all Moslem woman answered independently: lines of Church activity. According to "I shall do nothing of the kind." This is the figures in the Christian Movement a forecast of the emancipation of Mosin Japan, the total number of additions lem womanhood from the dominion of by baptism to all the Protestant churches the sheikh. was 9,019. The total number of communicants is reported as being 82,325, of A Moslem School in Egypt which number about 60,000 are in con- OSLEM young people are eager for nection with the Presbyterian churches. M Bible study. In the center of the Some progress has been made in estab- Nile Delta lies Tanta, a city of 70,000 lishing better relations between the -largely Moslem. In one of the poorest Christian churches and "the powers that quarters of this city a Sunday-school has be." The government has made less use been started for the children gathered of its military arm and has pursued on from the streets. Rev. Stephen Trowthe whole a more kindly and conciliatory bridge, Sunday-school secretary for work policy in dealing with the native people among Moslems, describes a recent visit than was the case two years ago, the to this school: results of which will show the wisdom "The upper floor of a house has been of that policy. At one time some foolish rented, and we found every class-room native enthusiasts in northern Korea full to overflowing with Mohammedan started an uprising which, however, did boys and g;r1s. When this work first not assume formidable proportions and started, the children who came were of was quickly and summarily supprest. the poorest and could not read a line, but recently some very bright boys from AFRICA the government schools have been attend- ing. They also are Moslems, and as Sunday is one of the regular school days, Moslem Woman Defies a Sheikh they came directly from their classes to MRS. S. M. ZWEMER has been con- this Sunday-school. I saw a number of ducting a small school and Sunday- them with their Korans tightly clasped school in a Mohammedan quarter of under their arms listening most intently Cairo. One Sunday when Dr. Zwemer to the lesson, which was from the Book made an address, the room was crowded of Acts', Some of the questions they with children and their parents and answered with quick intelligence, altho friends. they know almost nothing about the Bible The next day one of the leading as yet."

sheikhs of the neighborhood came to in- "Another evidence of interest in Bible

study," writes Mr. Trowbridge, "is found being treasurer of the mission and giving in the Girls' college, Cairo, which is a general oversight to other branches of under the direction of the American the work, devoted a large part of his mISSIOn. Never in the history of the time to work among the "untouchables" college has there been such a demand for or low caste people. the Bible. Moslem, Jew and Christian alike come, saying, 'Please send for a He left in Jullundur two sons ann a Bible for me.' A new Syrian teacher daughter, all in the work of the Missaid that the thing which imprest her sion. As a native of India, Dr. Newton most in this college is that, when she had a perfect command of-the vernacular looks over the crowded room full of and a brother's understanding of the girls at chapel time, she can not tell from hearts of the people. With this equipthe earnest faces which are Moslem, J ew- ment he combined a single-eyed devotion ish or Christian, for all are equally at- to the work of the Gospel, unusual practentive, eager and responsive." tical sense in business and accounts, un- tiring energy, and a spirit of absolute TNecessity the Mother of Invention fidelity to all duty, whether great or HEY were issuing a natural science small. reader from the press of the West Central African Mission. It seemed H8Sir Alexander Simpson of Scotland that such a text-book without any illus- Y the death of Sir Alexander Simptrations would be a tame affair. But son, the Christian Church has lost there were no cuts available. So Dr. one of its truest and most faithful sons. Stokey set himself to make some. A distinguished medical Professor in the Pouring a thin coat of plaster of Paris University of Edinburgh, he put himself over a model, he then carved out the and his professorship at the feet of his figures from pictures found in Web- Lord, and strove as few men in his proster's Unabridged Dictionary. No one fession have striven to make it a handcould mistake "the camel" and "the lion." maid to forward the interest of the King- The ingenuity of our missionaries is dom of God. And God honored him in constantly being witnessed. It is inter- his endeavor. On one occason, when a esting to learn that Dr. Stokey thus delegate to a great medical conference unwittingly repeated the first experi- at Rome, he had St. Luke's Gospel ments of the engravers in making printed in Italian and nicely bound, as a . metal cuts. gift for all his colleagues with the golden letter-press outside, 'A letter from a OBITUARY NOTES good phys·ician.' His home was open to strangers from all countries, but no one Dr. C. B. Newton of India could enter it and not realize how true DR. CHARLES B. NEWTON, for it was of him; 'As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.' "-Medical Mis- nearly fifty years a missionary of sions. the Presbyterian Board in India, died at Jullundur City, north India, April 11th. Rev. P. H. Moore of Assam Dr. Newton was born in India, nearly seventy-five years ago, son of Dr. John REV. PITT HOLLAND MOORE, Newton, who was one of the first mis- who died in March, in the hospital sionaries of the Board to the Panjab, in Calcutta, in the sixty-third year of his going out in 1834. He spoke fluently age, gave to the Baptist Mission in N ow- Urdu, Panjabi, and Hindi, and was' well gong, Assam, thirty-six full years of read in Sanskrit. During the past twenty- strong, invaluable service, the influence five years Dr. Newton, in addition to of which will go on for the years to come. AND S5ION LANDS Black Sheep. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. has branched out into student cmeinssteiros~ Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. into rural districts and into the Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916. For living interest and literary style fields. One of the most active leaders this is easily the leading missionary book was Miss Grace Dodge, of sainted of the year. Miss Mackenzie, who was for some years a missionary among the memory, who has been succeeded as blacks of West Africa, describes in her delightful home-letters' the daily scenes president of the National Board by Mrs. and experiences that stirred her woman's heart. They give an intimate picture of Robert E. Speer. It is a great work, life in the Kamerun country. One is reminded of Miss Amy Wilson Car- thoroughly organized and efficient in michael's "Things as They Are in India," except that these descriptions are less many lines of work. depressing. Miss Wilson has produced a book, not With a woman's sympathetic touch and keen perception, Miss Mackenzie tells of only valuable as a history of the move- African women's suffering and of little black children's play, of African dancing ment but interesting and full of suggesand feasts, of markets and palavers, of sins and follies, of vaccinating two hun- tions for all workers among young dred and forty people in one day in a church, of hunger for better things, and women. of the missionaries, methods of satisfying such hunger. Mohammed or Christ. By Samuel M. Zwemer. Illustrated. 12mo. 292 pp. There is no better book to place in the $1.50. net. Revell, 1916. hands of an intelligent woman interested Dr. Zwemer is the American apostle in humanity but not in missions. The reading of Miss Mackenzie's experiences to Moslems. His pictures of Islam capis to win converts at home for the work ture the attention, his arguments conabroad. To begin is to finish. vince and his appeals win both recruits and support. His latest volume is a Fifty Years of Association Work Among series of articleS' and addresses on the Moslem situation in various lands–Rus- Young Women. By Elizabeth Wilson. sia, Africa, Arabia; the dying forces of Illustrated. 8vo. 402 pp. $1.35, net. Na- Islam, the stumbling-block of the Cross and the changing attitude of educated tiona! Board of Y. W. C. A New York Moslems. The volume lacks unity and 1916. '",' continuity of thought but it does not lack fire and facts that compel attention. Dr. The Young Women's Christian Asso- Zwemer is up-to-date and reliable in his facts; moreover, he knows no other way of saving Mohammedans than through the living faith in Jesus Christ, the son of God. These fifteen chapters are worth reading more than once.

ciation has had a remarkable history. Leaves From the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Wm. P. Puddefoot. Illustrated. Bvo. Fifty years ago the work was organized $1.00, net. The Pilgrim Press. Boston in Boston and to-day has spread over the 1916. '

world. The Association was founded to If anyone is inclined to think that help self-supporting girls in cities, but it there is less of romance and adventure in home missions than in foreign, he In the Wake of the War Canoe. By should read the life of Mr. Puddefoot, W. H. Collison. Illustrated. 8vo. 352 pp. one of the most picturesque figures of $1.75, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New the home mission field of the northwest. York, 1916. His thriIIing experiences and encourag- ing success as a "Sky Pilot" stimulate, In his forty-three years among the while the mixture of humor and pathos Indian tribes of British Columbia, Arch- makes this an intensely human document. deacon Collison saw them change from Mr. Puddefoot is a man-a strong man- pagans to a civilized community. He a Christian pioneer, and the story of his followed William Duncan in his work varied career reveals the helIish condi- among the Tsinsheans of old MetIa- tions of many lumber camps, the Her- kahtla and the other tribes of Western culean task that awaited the missionary Canada. The history is full of incidents who entered them, and the power of God and evidences of the power of God. to transform the most degraded and Conflicts with medicine men, unscrupuhopeless men and women. The early lous white-traders and other enemies part of this missionary's life is especially made the archdeacon's life adventurous. stimulating as it was devoted to the The Indians are a picturesque people search for lost men. The latter part of and their customs and traditions are ex- the life has been spent more in seeking ceedingly interesting. One wonders, on to arouse the Churches. laying down the volume, why all the Indians of North America have not yet Was it Worth While. The Life of been evangelized-after nearly three Theodore Storrs Lee. By some friends hundred years of work among them. of his. Illustrated. 12mo. 178 pp. 50 cents net. The Association Press. New Missionary Crusaders. By Claude Fi~ld. York, 1915. Illustrated. 220 pp. $1.00 net. Flemmg H. Revell. 1916. Charles E. Hughes, Republican candidate for President of the United States There is no field of literature of America, writes the foreword and more rich in stories of heroic achievepays his tribute to the noble character ment and adventure than the hishere portrayed. Various friends tell the tory of missionary pioneers. There is story of different periods of his life. here variety 'and self-sacrifice, danger This takes from the unity of the biogra- and daring, exploit and achievement. We phy, but gives variety in viewpoint. read of John Eliot and the American Theodore Storrs Lee was born in Cleve- Indian wars; Hans Egede and the glutland in 1873, and after graduation from tonous Greenlanders; William Duncan Amherst College and Union Seminary, and the Metlakahtia cannibals; Robert went to India as a missionary. His life Moffat and the terrible Africaner; the and character made a profound impres- black Pishop Crowther and the people sion everywhere, for he was a genius of the Niger; Schwartz, the holy apostle and a man of force. His talents were to India, and Dr. Wolff among the brigmany and were put to good account. He ands of Bokhara. These are stories was a personal worker in college, a to captivate boys and to direct their amfriend in need, a hard worker and be- bitions to the life worth Jiving. loved by all. The book is full of incidents that show the young man's human A Hero of the Frontier. Life of Dr. sympathy and Christlikeness. Theodore Pennell for Boys. By Alice M. Pennell. Lee died in 1911 at the early age of Illustrated. 8vo. 209 pp. $100 net. thirty-eight, yet he had made his mark Fleming H. Revell Co. 1916. upon his fellow men. This is the story of the man of whom a British officer in India said: "The pres-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

ence of Pennell on the frontier is equal guide to a clearer knowledge of the Bible to that of two British regiments." He was a remarkable man with a wonder- and an inspiration to Christlike living. fully stirring history among the fierce and fanatical tribes of the Afghan The arrangement is topical and the frontier. verses are scattered, so that unfortu- This life-story is written for boys, not in a style adapted to very young boys, nately it is not a guide to consecutive but for young men interested in games of other men, in camping out, in contact Bible reading. with wild tribes and in a missionary's adventures. Pennell is a man that it will The Life Abiding and Abounding. By be good for boys to know-and they will W. H. Gri'ffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 79 like him. The half-tone illustrations are pp. 40 cents, net. The Acts of the attractive. Apostles. By W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. 12mo. 50 cents, net,. The Bible Happy Childhood, the magazine pub- Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. lished in Shanghai for Chinese children, Two very useful books for missionunder the auspices of the Interdenominational Committee on Christian Literature aries and students of missions. The for Oriental Women and Children, has been so successful that its editor, Mrs. first consists of deeply spiritual Bible Donald MacGillivray, undertook at Christmas time another venture along studies in prayer and meditationsthe same line, and published "A Picture Book for Chinese Children," using some breath and food for the soul. of the cuts from Happy Childhood. The edition of 600 was rapidly sold and an The second contains outline studies in appetite for more Christian reading was whetted by this enterprise. primitive Christianity-very helpful for Carol-A Sweet Lover of Christ: A those who are working in fields where Memoir of a Missionary Child. 12mo. 169 pp. 2s. 6d. Marshall Brothers, Lon- problems are presented like those that don, 1915. Carol lived in India and was an un- faced the early Church. It is an excel- usual child-especialIy in her grasp of lent guide to the study of The Acts. Christian truth and in her earnest interest in the spiritual welfare of others. NEW BOOKS The memoir is composed for the most part of letters delightful, religious but How to Learn a Language. An Exposigirlish letters. Many adults will finq tion of the Phonetic Inductive Method spiritual help from this story of a for Foreign Resident Language Students. triumphant little life. A Direct, Practical, Scientific Way of Mastering Any Foreign Tongue. By The Will of God and A Man's Life Thomas F. Cummings, D.D. 16mo, 90 Work. By Henry B. Wright. 8vo. 280 pp. Author, New York, 1916. pp. 60 cents. Association Press. New York, 1912. Paradoxical Pain. By Robert Maxwell These studies have already helped Harbin, M.D. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.25, net. Sherman, French & Co., Boston, 1916. men and women to discover the will of God in reference to their life work. The Children of the Lighthouse. By They will help others. Arranged as Charles Lincoln White, D.D. Illustrated. daily Bible studies, they are also a helpful 12mo. 84 pp. Cloth 40 cents, net. Paper 25 cents, net. Association Press, 124 E. 28th St., New York, 1916.

Old Spain in New America. By Robert McLean and Grace Petrie Williams. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 161 pp. Cloth, 57 cents. Paper, 35 cents. Association Press, New York, 1916.

Black Sheep. Adventures in West Africa. By Jean Kenyon Mackenzie. Illustrated. 8vo. 313 pp. $1.50, net. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916.

South American Neighbors. By Homer C. Stuntz. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

Makers of South America. By Mar- garette Daniels. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1916.

The Land of the Golden Man. By Anita B. Ferris. Cloth, 50 cents. Paper, 30 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1916.

A Four-Chapter Book on the Two c. A C.hallenge T~ Life Service. By Fred- Americas. By Robert E. Speer. Cloth, enck M. Harns and Joseph Robbins 25 cents, Missionary Education Move- (College Voluntary Study Courses, Sec- ment, New York, 1916. ond Year-Part II). 16mo. 152 Pl'. 50 cents, net. Association Press, New York, The South To-Day. By John M. Moore. 1916. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- A City of the Dawn. By Robert Keable. sionary Education Movement, New York, Illustrated. 244 pp. 5s., net. Nisbet, 1916. London, 1915. Advance in the Antilles. By Howard B. Why War? By Frederic C. Howe. $1.50. net.. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, Grose. Cloth, 60 cents. Paper. 40 cents. 1916. Missionary Education Movement, New Selected Quotations on Peace and War. York, 1916. Vith Especial Reference to a Course of Mexico To-Day. By George B. Winton. Lessons on International Peace, a Study Cloth, 60 cents. Paper, 40 cents. Mis- in Christian Fraternity. 8vo. xiii-540 sionary Education Movement, New York, pp. Compiled and Published bv the Com- 1916. mission on Christian Education of the Japan and America. By Carl Crow. $1.50. Federal Council of the Churches of Robert M. McBride. New York, 1916. Christ in America, New York, 1916. Japanese Expansion and American Poli- How To Promote a Revival. By Charles cies. By James Francis Abbot, Ph.D. $1.50. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1916. G. Finney. 5 cents. Providence Revival Committee, Providence, R. I. 1915. The Japanese Crisis. By James A. B. The Spirit of Sisterhood. By Helen Sant- Scherer, Ph.D., LL.D. 75 cents. Fred- myer. 15 pp. 10 cents. National Board erick A. Stokes Co., New York, 1916. of the Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. Girls of Yesterday and To-day. Histor- Japan, The New World Power. By ical Pictures of Association Life. Pre- Robert P. Porter. With 7 Maps. Ox- pared for use in the J ubilee Year of the ford University Press, New York, 1916. y. W. C. A. 45 pp. 10 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. A., 1915. Fifty Years' Ministry (1865 – 1915). The Christmas Story. A Gnup of Memories and Musings. By Rev. W. Tableaux. By Jane Taylor Miller. 35 pp. Cuff. 64 pp. 1 shilling, net. Baptist 20 cents. National Board of the Y. W. C. Union Pub. Department, London, 1916. A., 1915. Leaves from the Log of a Sky Pilot. By Indian Thought: Past and Present. By . William G. Puddefoot. 12mo. 200 pp. R. W. Fraser. Illustrated, 339 pp. lOs. 6d., $1.00, net. Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1915. net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915. A Mechanistic View of War and Peace. By George W. Crile. Edited by Amy F. Non-Christian Religions of the Indian Rowland. Illustrated. 12mo. 104 pp. Empire. Reprinted from the Lay Reader. $1.25, net·. Macmillan Co., N ew York, Second Edition. Is. 6d., net. Lay Reader 1916. Headquarters, London, 1915. In the Wake of the War Canoe. A Stir- Mohammed or Christ? An account of the ring Record of Forty Years' Successful rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the Labor, Peril, and Adventure Among the globe. By S. M. Zwemer, D.D. Illustrated, Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific 292 Pl'. 5s., net. Seeley Service, London, Coast. and the Piratical Head-hunting Fleming H. Revell, N ew York, 1915. Haidas of the Queen Charlotte Islands, etc. By the Ven. W. H. Collison. Illus- Black and White in the Southern States. trated. 12mo. 352 Pl'. $1.25, net. E. P. A Study of the Race Problem in the Dutton & Co., New York, 1916. United States from a South. African Point of View. By Maurice S. Evans. Devolution in Mission Administration. Map, 299 Pl'. 7s. 6d., net. Longmans, By Daniel -Johnson Fleming, Ph.D. 12mo. London, 1915. 310 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co.. New York, 1916. Some Battle Fields of the Cross. Asia and some Islands of the Southern seas. The Spell of Egypt. By Archie Bell. 12mo. By E. B. Trist. Illustrated, 127 pp. 2s. Illustrated. 366 pp. $2.50, net. Page net. S. P. C. K., London, 1915. Co., Boston, 1916.

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